WO2014136529A1 - 光学フィルム、並びにこれを含む偏光板およびva型液晶表示装置 - Google Patents
光学フィルム、並びにこれを含む偏光板およびva型液晶表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014136529A1 WO2014136529A1 PCT/JP2014/052955 JP2014052955W WO2014136529A1 WO 2014136529 A1 WO2014136529 A1 WO 2014136529A1 JP 2014052955 W JP2014052955 W JP 2014052955W WO 2014136529 A1 WO2014136529 A1 WO 2014136529A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/08—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of polarising materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L1/00—Compositions of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L1/00—Compositions of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08L1/08—Cellulose derivatives
- C08L1/10—Esters of organic acids, i.e. acylates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L1/00—Compositions of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08L1/08—Cellulose derivatives
- C08L1/10—Esters of organic acids, i.e. acylates
- C08L1/12—Cellulose acetate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L1/00—Compositions of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08L1/08—Cellulose derivatives
- C08L1/10—Esters of organic acids, i.e. acylates
- C08L1/14—Mixed esters, e.g. cellulose acetate-butyrate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L1/00—Compositions of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08L1/08—Cellulose derivatives
- C08L1/26—Cellulose ethers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L101/00—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds
- C08L101/12—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds characterised by physical features, e.g. anisotropy, viscosity or electrical conductivity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
- G02B5/3033—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid
- G02B5/3041—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid comprising multiple thin layers, e.g. multilayer stacks
- G02B5/305—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid comprising multiple thin layers, e.g. multilayer stacks including organic materials, e.g. polymeric layers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3083—Birefringent or phase retarding elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133528—Polarisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/15—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen in the ring
- C08K5/151—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen in the ring having one oxygen atom in the ring
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
- G02B5/3033—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/32—Holograms used as optical elements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an optical film, a polarizing plate including the optical film, and a VA liquid crystal display device.
- a liquid crystal display device is composed of a liquid crystal cell in which a transparent electrode, a liquid crystal layer, a color filter, etc. are sandwiched between glass plates, and two polarizing plates provided on both sides thereof. It has a configuration in which a child (also referred to as a polarizing film or a polarizing film) is sandwiched between two films (a protective film for a polarizing plate).
- liquid crystal display devices such as TN type (Twisted Nematic type), IPS type (In-Plane Switching type), OCB type (Optically Compensated Bend type), and VA type (vertical alignment type / Vertical Alignment type).
- TN type Transmission Nematic type
- IPS type In-Plane Switching type
- OCB type Optically Compensated Bend type
- VA type vertical alignment type / Vertical Alignment type
- the drive system is known.
- the VA liquid crystal display device has been attracting attention in recent years because it has excellent viewing angle characteristics and high contrast.
- the VA liquid crystal display device has a problem that the luminance change and the color change due to the viewing angle are large due to the arrangement method of the liquid crystal molecules and the movement of the liquid crystal molecules when a voltage is applied.
- JP 2009-288816 A optical compensation sheets are bonded to the top and bottom of a VA mode liquid crystal cell, and polarizing films are provided above and below the optical compensation sheet, and protective films are provided above and below the polarizing film.
- the invention relating to the liquid crystal display device is described.
- a desired retardation value is realized by using a lower fatty acid ester film of cellulose containing a predetermined compound as the optical compensation sheet (optical film), and a VA type liquid crystal is obtained. It is described that it can be suitably used for a display device.
- Japanese Patent No. 5047784 (US Patent Application Publication No. 2009/273837) includes a cellulose ester having a predetermined structure and a predetermined molecular weight, and a cellulose ester or cellulose ether having a predetermined structure and a predetermined molecular weight. , Respectively, have been reported to contain 20 to 50% by weight and 80 to 50% by weight, respectively.
- Japanese Patent No. 5047784 by including a cellulose ester and a predetermined cellulose ester or cellulose ether having a molecular weight different from that of the cellulose ester, both durability against predetermined retardation and temperature change can be achieved. Are listed.
- the tear strength was low, so that the film was easily torn during film production and conveyance and had a problem in handling.
- desired retardation values in-plane retardation Ro and thickness direction retardation Rt
- the film can be suitably used for an application to a VA liquid crystal display device.
- an optical film containing cellulose ester as a main component described in JP-A-2009-288816 has high moisture permeability, so that the retardation value (level) of the retardation film is caused by allowing moisture to penetrate to the inside. It is easy to cause fluctuations in the phase difference value. As a result, there is a problem that color unevenness occurs in the VA liquid crystal display device.
- an object of the present invention is to provide an optical film capable of realizing a desired retardation value suitable for a VA liquid crystal display device while reducing Rt fluctuation due to humidity.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide an optical film with improved tear strength.
- An optical film comprising cellulose ester and cellulose ether, wherein the cellulose ester is represented by the following formulas (1) and (2):
- nx is the refractive index in the slow axis direction in the film plane
- ny is the refractive index in the fast axis direction in the film plane
- nz is the refractive index in the thickness direction of the film
- d is the thickness (nm) of the film.
- the optical film according to 1 or 2 which satisfies: 4).
- the plasticizer is at least one selected from the group consisting of a carbohydrate derivative, a polyester compound, and a resin having negative birefringence; 6).
- FIG. 1 is a melting pot
- 3, 6, 12, and 15 are filters
- 4, 13 is a stock tank
- 2, 5, 11, and 14 are liquid feed pumps
- 8, and 16 are conduits
- 10 is an ultraviolet absorber.
- a winding device, 41 is a charging pot
- 42 is a stock pot
- 43 is a pump
- 44 is a filter.
- It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows an example of the liquid crystal display device structure which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention.
- an optical film containing a cellulose ester and a cellulose ether is provided.
- the cellulose ester has the following formulas (1) and (2):
- X is a substitution degree of an acetyl group
- Y is a substitution degree of a propionyl group and / or a butyryl group.
- the mixing ratio of cellulose ester and cellulose ether is 99.0: 1.0 to 55.0: 45.0 (mass ratio).
- this embodiment is also referred to as a first embodiment.
- optical film according to this embodiment has the following formulas (3) and (4):
- the retardation Ro represented by is 20 to 130 nm, and the retardation Rt is 100 to 300 nm.
- nx is the refractive index in the slow axis direction in the film plane
- ny is the refractive index in the fast axis direction in the film plane
- nz is the refractive index in the thickness direction of the film.
- d is the thickness (nm) of the film.
- the optical film with improved tear strength can be provided.
- the optical film has an optical compensation function. Thereby, when an optical film is used for a liquid crystal display device, a wide viewing angle and the like can be realized.
- the “optical film” means films having different refractive indexes in the in-plane direction and the thickness direction.
- the optical film according to this embodiment includes cellulose ester and cellulose ether.
- the mixing ratio of cellulose ester and cellulose ether is 99.0: 1.0-55.0: 45.0, preferably 95.0: 5.0-60.0: 40. 0.0, more preferably 90.0: 10.0 to 65.0: 35.0 (mass ratio).
- the retardation value can be suitably controlled.
- the improvement of tear strength can be aimed at.
- the optical film according to this embodiment has a retardation Ro of 20 to 130 nm, preferably 35 to 100 nm.
- the optical film according to the present invention has a retardation Rt of 100 to 300 nm, preferably 100 to 250 nm.
- the values of the retardation Ro and Rt can be adjusted by controlling the draw ratio at the time of film production, the type of cellulose ester, cellulose ether, additive, content, film thickness, and the like.
- the retardations Ro and Rt can be obtained from the above formulas (3) and (4), respectively.
- the values of “Retardation Ro and Rt” are values measured at a wavelength of 590 nm, and the value retardation value is an automatic birefringence meter KOBRA-21ADH (Oji Scientific Instruments). The value measured using the company) shall be adopted.
- the optical film has the following formula (6):
- the Rt humidity fluctuation represented by the formula is preferably 1 to 12%, more preferably 1 to 10%, and still more preferably 1 to 8%.
- the value of the Rt humidity fluctuation is an index indicating stability against humidity fluctuation, and the lower the value, the higher the stability against humidity fluctuation.
- the Rt humidity fluctuation is 1% or more, the moisture permeability of the optical film is not excessively reduced, and it is preferable because uneven distribution of water in the protective film and the polarizer when applied to a polarizing plate can be prevented.
- the Rt humidity fluctuation is 12% or less, the influence of humidity and the like can be suitably reduced.
- the Rt humidity fluctuation can be adjusted by controlling the draw ratio at the time of film production, the cellulose ester, cellulose ether to be used, the kind of additive, the content, the film thickness, and the like.
- Rt 1 is Rt after standing for 5 hours in an environment of 23 ° C. and 20% RH
- Rt 2 is after standing for 5 hours in an environment of 23 ° C. and 80% RH
- Rt, and Rt 3 is Rt after standing for 5 hours in an environment of 23 ° C. and 55% RH.
- Rt 1 to Rt 3 are values obtained by the above-described equation (4).
- the film thickness of the optical film is preferably 15 ⁇ m or more and less than 40 ⁇ m, more preferably 20 to 35 ⁇ m, and further preferably 25 to 30 ⁇ m.
- the film thickness of the optical film is 15 ⁇ m or more, uniform film formation is possible, and even when the area is large, display unevenness can be prevented, which is preferable.
- the film thickness of the optical film is less than 40 ⁇ m, the absolute amount of moisture that can be absorbed can be reduced, and display unevenness can be prevented.
- the film thickness variation in the width direction and the length direction of the optical film is preferably 4 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 0 to 2.5 ⁇ m, and still more preferably 0 to 1.5 ⁇ m. .
- the film thickness variation is 4 ⁇ m or less, even if the film has a large area, the retardation variation in the film plane is suppressed, and the occurrence of display unevenness can be prevented.
- the film thickness of the optical film is an average value of values obtained by measuring the film thickness with a micrometer at 100 points at intervals of 10 mm in the width direction of the film.
- the film thickness variation of the optical film is the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the measured values.
- the haze value of the optical film is preferably 1.0% or less, and more preferably 0.5% or less.
- a haze value of 1.0% or less is preferable because sufficient luminance and high contrast can be obtained even in a bright place.
- the haze value may be a value exceeding the above value.
- a value measured using a haze meter is adopted.
- the total light transmittance of the optical film is preferably 90% or more, and more preferably 93% or more.
- the upper limit value is not particularly limited, but is substantially about 99%.
- As the haze value a value measured using a haze meter is adopted.
- L * of the water immersion part of the optical film / L * of the non-immersion part is preferably 1.05 to 1.80, more preferably 1.05 to 1.55, and 1.05 to 1 More preferably, it is .30. If the value of L * of the water immersion part / L * of the non-immersion part is within the above range, it has high water resistance, and even if the optical film is enlarged, display unevenness can be suppressed. preferable. Note that “L *” is a measured value of brightness, and “L * of the water-immersed part / L * of the non-immersed part” can be an indicator of display unevenness when the liquid crystal display device is used.
- the value of L * of the water immersion part / L * of the non-immersion part is measured by the following method. That is, using the liquid crystal display device KDL 40EX720 (manufactured by Sony Corporation), the front-side polarizing plate of the liquid crystal cell is peeled off, and the evaluation polarizing plate constituted by using the optical film of this embodiment is attached with a substrate-less double-sided tape. Next, the liquid crystal display device is laid and placed on a table or the like, and Bencot (manufactured by Asahi Kasei Fibers Co., Ltd.) is placed on a part of the polarizing plate for evaluation to contain water.
- Bencot manufactured by Asahi Kasei Fibers Co., Ltd.
- the bencott is covered with 100 ⁇ m PET so that it does not dry, a black display signal is input from the PC to the TV, and the TV is turned on for 24 hours (room temperature: 23 ° C., panel temperature: 38 ° C.). After 24 hours, remove the becot.
- the L * of the portion where there was a becot is measured with EZ contrast (manufactured by ELDIM) as the L * of the water immersion portion.
- the L * of the part without Bencott is measured by EZ contrast as the L * of the non-immersed part. Note that the EZ contrast measurement is performed in the color mode with the TV set to black display.
- the condition of water immersion is that the panel is turned on and is placed for 24 hours in a state in which a bend in which water is sufficiently immersed is attached.
- the cellulose ester is one in which at least one of hydrogen atoms of a hydroxyl group is substituted with an acyl group at the C2, C3, and C6 positions of cellulose.
- the acyl group is preferably an acetyl group, a propionyl group, or a butyryl group. At this time, the cellulose ester has at least one acetyl group.
- the cellulose ester may not contain a propionyl group and a butyryl group, may contain either one or both.
- cellulose ester examples include cellulose acetate (DAC, TAC), cellulose acetate propionate (CAP), cellulose acetate butyrate, and cellulose acetate propionate butyrate.
- the total substitution degree of the cellulose ester according to this embodiment (substitution degree of all acyl groups of the cellulose ester) satisfies the above formula (1). That is, the degree of substitution of cellulose ester with an acetyl group, propionyl group and butyryl group (preferably the total degree of substitution of cellulose ester) is 2.0 to 3.0, and preferably 2.0 for the variation of Rt humidity. Is 2.4, and preferably 2.4 to 3.0 for tear resistance.
- the degree of substitution of the propionyl group and / or butyryl group of the cellulose ester according to this embodiment satisfies the above formula (2), preferably the following formula (5):
- total degree of substitution indicates the average number of hydroxyl group substitutions per cellulose ester structural unit (cellulose unit), and is calculated by the following mathematical formula (7).
- the total degree of substitution (maximum value) is 3.0.
- the acyl group of the cellulose ester may be substituted on average at the C2-position, C3-position, and C6-position of the cellulose structural unit, or may be substituted with a distribution.
- total degree of substitution or “degree of substitution”, a value measured by the method prescribed in ASTM-D817-96 (2010) is adopted unless otherwise specified.
- the number average molecular weight (Mn) of the cellulose ester is preferably 5 ⁇ 10 4 to 3 ⁇ 10 5 , and more preferably 7 ⁇ 10 4 to 2 ⁇ 10 5 . It is preferable that the number average molecular weight of the cellulose ester is in the above range because the mechanical strength of the resulting film is increased.
- the value of “number average molecular weight (Mn)” is a value calculated by measurement using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) under the following measurement conditions.
- the above cellulose ester may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the obtained optical film has water resistance and can express a desired retardation value suitable for application to a VA liquid crystal display device. .
- the above cellulose ester may be prepared by itself or a commercially available product may be used.
- the method for preparing the cellulose ester by itself is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method of acylating cellulose by a chemical method.
- the method for performing the esterification (acylation) is not particularly limited, and can be performed by a known method.
- cellulose is added to water or an appropriate solvent to be dispersed or dissolved, and then carboxylic acid halide, carboxylic acid anhydride, carboxylic acid, or aldehyde is added thereto and reacted under appropriate reaction conditions.
- carboxylic acid halide, carboxylic acid anhydride, carboxylic acid, or aldehyde is added thereto and reacted under appropriate reaction conditions.
- reaction catalyst may be added as necessary.
- the reaction catalyst include basic catalysts such as pyridine, N, N-dimethylaminopyridine, triethylamine, sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide and sodium hydroxide; acidic catalysts such as acetic acid, sulfuric acid and perchloric acid. .
- a basic catalyst such as pyridine from the viewpoint of preventing a decrease in reaction rate and degree of polymerization.
- the reaction temperature is preferably 40 to 100 ° C. By setting the reaction temperature within the above range, the reaction rate can be ensured.
- the reaction time can be appropriately set depending on the type of reagent used and the amount added.
- the site of the acyl group to be introduced is not particularly limited and can be appropriately controlled depending on the type of raw material, equivalent weight, reaction temperature, reaction time, and the like. Moreover, you may use a protecting group as needed.
- L20, L30, L40, L50 The Daicel Corporation make, cellulose acetate of substitution degree 2.4
- LT-35 LT-55
- LT-105 The Daicel Corporation make, Cellulose acetate having a substitution degree of 2.9
- Ca398-3, Ca398-6, Ca398-10, Ca398-30, Ca394-60S manufactured by Eastman Chemical Co., Ltd.
- the cellulose ether used in this embodiment is preferably one in which the hydroxyl group of cellulose is substituted with an alkoxyl group having 4 or less carbon atoms.
- the hydroxyl group of cellulose is substituted with one or a plurality of alkoxyl groups of methoxyl group, ethoxyl group, propoxyl group, butoxyl group.
- those substituted by a methoxyl group and an ethoxyl group alone or by a plurality of alkoxyl groups are preferred, and among them, ethyl cellulose having an ethoxyl substitution degree of 2.0 to 2.8 can be suitably used.
- the degree of ethoxyl substitution represents the average number of ethoxylations of the three hydroxyl groups present at positions 2, 3, 6 in the cellulose molecule. When the degree of substitution is 3, all hydroxyl groups are ethoxylated. Indicates that The degree of substitution at each position may be equal, or may be biased to any position.
- the degree of ether substitution can be quantified by the method described in ASTM D4794-94.
- Ethylcellulose is known to vary greatly in solubility in solvents depending on the degree of substitution, but when producing the film of the present invention by the solvent cast method, a solvent that dissolves both ethylcellulose and the aforementioned cellulose ester is selected. There is a need to. If the degree of substitution is 2.0 or more, the type of solvent that can be dissolved alone is not limited, and the water absorption rate of the film tends to be small and the dimensional stability tends to be excellent. If the degree of substitution is 2.8 or less, the type of solvent to be dissolved is not limited, and the resin itself tends to be inexpensive. Therefore, the preferable range of ethoxyl substitution degree is 2.0 or more and 2.8 or less, More preferably, it is 2.2 or more and 2.6 or less.
- Cellulose ether can be produced by a method known per se. For example, it is produced by treating cellulose with a strong caustic soda solution to make alkali cellulose, which is etherified by reacting it with methyl chloride or ethyl chloride.
- the number average molecular weight of the cellulose ether is preferably 22,000 to 100,000, more preferably 30,000 to 80,000, still more preferably 35,000 to 65,000.
- the number average molecular weight is 100,000 or less, good solubility in a solvent is obtained, and the obtained solution has a suitable viscosity so that it is suitable for a solvent casting method, and thermoforming becomes easy, and the film is transparent. May be improved.
- the number average molecular weight is 22,000 or more, the mechanical strength of the obtained film tends to be improved.
- the optical film according to the present embodiment is characterized in that cellulose ester having a specific structure and cellulose ether are mixed at a predetermined content. Thereby, the outstanding water resistance and desired retardation value are implement
- the conventional optical film composed of cellulose ester has realized a desired retardation, for example, a retardation suitable for a VA liquid crystal display device, by appropriately changing the substitution degree of the acyl group.
- the cellulose ester inherently has high moisture permeability, the phase difference fluctuates due to the influence of humidity and the like. And since the fluctuation
- the degree of substitution of the substituent of the cellulose ester As a method for avoiding the influence of humidity and the like, there is a method of reducing the degree of substitution of the substituent of the cellulose ester.
- the number of acyl groups in the cellulose ester is reduced, the number of carbonyl groups to which water molecules can be coordinated in the cellulose ester is reduced, which may make it less susceptible to humidity.
- the carbonyl group contained in the acyl group of the cellulose ester has the property of being oriented in a direction orthogonal to the stretching direction of the film, a high retardation is achieved by reducing the substitution degree of the acyl group of the cellulose ester. It can also be realized. That is, the degree of substitution of the cellulose ester can have a function of imparting a certain level of water resistance and adjusting the phase difference.
- the water resistance and the retardation value can be controlled by appropriately changing the degree of substitution of the cellulose ester and, in the case of having a plurality of substituents, the degree of substitution of each substituent.
- a cellulose ester designed in this way may not always have sufficient water resistance due to the moisture permeability of the cellulose ester itself.
- phase difference tends to be excessively high and may not be applicable to a VA liquid crystal display device.
- cellulose ether does not have a carbonyl group to which water molecules can coordinate as compared with cellulose ester, it can have high water resistance.
- cellulose ether does not or does not orient in a different direction with respect to the stretching direction of the film as compared with cellulose ester. Therefore, there is no or almost no phase difference adjusting function by the substituent, and the phase difference may become excessively high.
- a phase difference suitable for a VA liquid crystal display device cannot be obtained.
- the tear strength may be lowered.
- the obtained optical film is easy to tear at the time of film production conveyance and cutting, and there may be a problem in handleability.
- a phase difference suitable for a VA liquid crystal display device can be obtained while imparting water resistance by mixing cellulose ester having a specific structure with cellulose ether at a predetermined ratio. More specifically, the total degree of substitution of the cellulose ester (X + Y in the formula (1)), the type of substituent (acetyl group, propionyl group, butyryl group), and when having a plurality of substituents, the degree of substitution ( The above effect of the present invention can be realized by controlling Y) in the formula (1) and further mixing a predetermined amount of cellulose ether with the cellulose ester having the specific structure.
- the optical film according to this embodiment may appropriately contain various additives as necessary.
- the additive is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a plasticizer, a hydrogen bonding compound, an ultraviolet absorber, a matting agent, acrylic particles, and an ionic surfactant.
- the plasticizer has a function of imparting performance such as flexibility and water resistance to the optical film. In addition, it has a function of reducing the melting temperature and viscosity, whereby an optical film can be produced with high productivity.
- the plasticizer that can be used is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include carbohydrate derivatives, polyester compounds, and resins having negative birefringence.
- Carbohydrate derivative has a function of preventing hydrolysis of the cellulose ester as well as a plasticizer.
- the carbohydrate derivative is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include sugar ester compounds.
- sugar ester compound examples include sugar ester compounds having 1 to 12 pyranose structures or furanose structures and esterifying all or part of the hydroxyl groups of the structure.
- the sugar ester compound a sugar as a raw material for synthesis or a sugar having 1 to 12 pyranose structures or furanose structures synthesized using the sugar is reacted with a monocarboxylic acid.
- the compound obtained is mentioned.
- the sugar of the synthetic raw material is not particularly limited, but glucose, galactose, mannose, fructose, xylose, arabinose, lactose, sucrose, nystose, 1F-fructosyl nystose, stachyose, maltitol, lactitol, lactulose, cellobiose, maltose , Cellotriose, maltotriose, raffinose, kestose, gentiobiose, gentiotriose, gentiotetraose, xylotriose, galactosyl sucrose, and the like.
- the monocarboxylic acid is not particularly limited, and known aliphatic monocarboxylic acid, alicyclic monocarboxylic acid, aromatic monocarboxylic acid and the like can be used.
- the carboxylic acid used may be one type or a mixture of two or more types.
- Examples of preferred aliphatic monocarboxylic acids include acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, enanthic acid, caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, 2-ethyl-hexanecarboxylic acid, undecylic acid, Saturated lauric acid, tridecylic acid, myristic acid, pentadecylic acid, palmitic acid, heptadecylic acid, stearic acid, nonadecanoic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid, serotic acid, heptacosanoic acid, montanic acid, mellicic acid, and laxaric acid Fatty acids: Undecylenic acid, oleic acid, sorbic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, unsaturated fatty acids such as octen
- Examples of preferable alicyclic monocarboxylic acids include cyclopentane carboxylic acid, cyclohexane carboxylic acid, cyclooctane carboxylic acid, and derivatives thereof.
- aromatic monocarboxylic acids examples include aromatic monocarboxylic acids, cinnamic acids, in which 1 to 5 alkyl groups or alkoxy groups are introduced into the benzene ring of benzoic acid such as benzoic acid, phenylacetic acid, toluic acid, and the like.
- aromatic monocarboxylic acids having two or more benzene rings such as benzylic acid, biphenylcarboxylic acid, naphthalenecarboxylic acid, tetralincarboxylic acid, or derivatives thereof, and benzoic acid is particularly preferable.
- R 1 to R 8 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkylcarbonyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted arylcarbonyl group, and R 1 to R 8 are the same as each other. Or may be different (hereinafter, R 1 to R 8 are also referred to as acyl groups). Specific examples of R 1 to R 8 include acyl groups derived from monocarboxylic acids used during the synthesis of the sugar ester compounds exemplified above.
- R 1 to R 8 of the sugar ester compound represented by the general formula (FA) are shown below, but are not limited thereto.
- R shown below represents any one of R 1 to R 8 .
- the sugar ester compound represented by the general formula (FA) preferably has an average degree of substitution of 3.0 to 6.0.
- the average degree of substitution of the sugar ester compound is in the above range, moisture permeability control and compatibility with cellulose ester and cellulose ether can be highly compatible.
- the “degree of substitution of the sugar ester compound represented by the general formula (FA)” is a substituent other than hydrogen among the eight R (R 1 to R 8 ) included in the general formula (FA). Represents the number being replaced. Therefore, when all of R 1 to R 8 are substituted with a substituent other than hydrogen, the average degree of substitution is 8.0 (maximum value). On the other hand, when R 1 to R 8 are all hydrogen atoms, the average degree of substitution is 0.0 (minimum value).
- the sugar ester compound represented by the general formula (FA) it is difficult to synthesize a single kind of compound in which the number of hydroxyl groups and the number of OR groups are fixed, and the number of hydroxyl groups and the OR groups in the formula are different. It is known that it becomes a compound in which several components are mixed. Therefore, it is appropriate to use the average degree of substitution as the average degree of substitution of the general formula (FA), and the area ratio of the chart showing the degree of substitution distribution by high performance liquid chromatography / mass spectrometry (HPLC / MS) by a conventional method. The average degree of substitution can be measured from The HPLC / MS is performed under the following measurement conditions.
- the sugar ester compound according to this embodiment can be prepared by reacting the sugar with an acylating agent such as an acid halide such as acetyl chloride or an acid anhydride such as acetic anhydride. At this time, the distribution of the substitution degree of the sugar ester compound can be adjusted by appropriately controlling the amount of the acylating agent, the addition timing, the reaction time, and the like.
- the sugar ester compound of the target average substitution degree can be prepared by mixing the sugar ester compound from which substitution degree differs, or mixing suitably the sugar ester compound from which substitution degree differs.
- polyester compound is not particularly limited, but a polyester compound represented by the following general formula (FB-1) is preferably used.
- B represents a linear or branched alkylene group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms or a cycloalkylene group
- A represents an aromatic ring having 6 to 14 carbon atoms
- n represents a natural number of 1 or more.
- the compound represented by the above formula is obtained from a dicarboxylic acid having an aromatic ring (also referred to as an aromatic dicarboxylic acid) and a linear or branched alkylene or cycloalkylene diol having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, at both ends. Is not sealed with a monocarboxylic acid.
- aromatic dicarboxylic acid having 8 to 16 carbon atoms examples include phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, 1,5-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 1,8-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2,3 -Naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2,8-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2,2'-biphenyldicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-biphenyldicarboxylic acid, and the like.
- 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid and 4,4'-biphenyldicarboxylic acid are preferable.
- linear or branched alkylene or cycloalkylene diol having 2 to 6 carbon atoms examples include ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, and 1,3-butane.
- diol and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol examples include diol and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol.
- ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, and 1,3-butanediol are preferable.
- A is a naphthalene ring or a biphenyl ring which may have a substituent.
- the substituent is an alkyl group, alkenyl group, or alkoxyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the hydroxyl value (OH value) of the polyester compound is preferably 100 mgKOH / g or more and 500 mgKOH / g or less, more preferably 170 mgKOH / g to 400 mgKOH / g. When the hydroxyl value is in this range, the compatibility with the cellulose ester and the cellulose ether becomes suitable.
- the hydroxyl value is 400 mgKOH / g or less, the hydrophobicity of the polyester compound does not increase too much, and when the hydroxyl value is 170 mgKOH / g or more, the intermolecular interaction (hydrogen bond, etc.) between the polyester compounds is excessively strong. It is thought that this is because precipitation in the film can be prevented.
- the number average molecular weight (Mn) of the polyester compound is preferably 300 to 1500.
- the number average molecular weight (Mn) of the polyester compound can be calculated from the following formula.
- the polyester compound can be obtained by a conventional method such as a hot melt condensation method using a polyesterification reaction or a transesterification reaction between the dicarboxylic acid and a diol, or an interfacial condensation method between an acid chloride of these acids and a glycol. Easy to synthesize.
- a polyester compound represented by the following general formula (FB-2) as the other polyester compound from the viewpoint of highly compatible moisture permeability control and compatibility with cellulose ester.
- B represents a hydroxy group or a carboxylic acid residue
- G represents a linear, branched or cyclic alkylene glycol residue having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, an aryl glycol residue having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, or a carbon number.
- A represents an alkylene dicarboxylic acid residue having 4 to 12 carbon atoms or an aryl dicarboxylic acid residue having 6 to 12 carbon atoms
- n represents an integer of 1 or more.
- a hydroxy group or carboxylic acid residue represented by B an alkylene glycol residue, an oxyalkylene glycol residue or an aryl glycol residue represented by G, and an alkylene dicarboxylic acid residue represented by A It is composed of a group or an aryl dicarboxylic acid residue, and can be obtained by a reaction similar to that of a normal ester compound.
- Examples of the carboxylic acid component of the polyester compound represented by the general formula (FB-2) include acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, benzoic acid, p-tert-butylbenzoic acid, orthotoluic acid, metatoluic acid, p-toluic acid, and dimethyl.
- acetic acid propionic acid
- butyric acid butyric acid
- benzoic acid p-tert-butylbenzoic acid
- orthotoluic acid metatoluic acid
- p-toluic acid and dimethyl.
- benzoic acid ethyl benzoic acid
- normal propyl benzoic acid aminobenzoic acid
- acetoxybenzoic acid aliphatic acid and the like
- Examples of the linear, branched or cyclic alkylene glycol component having 2 to 18 carbon atoms of the polyester compound represented by the general formula (FB-2) include ethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, and 1,3-propylene.
- an alkylene glycol having 2 to 12 carbon atoms is particularly preferable because of excellent compatibility with the cellulose ester resin. More preferred are alkylene glycols having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and still more preferred are alkylene glycols having 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the aryl glycol having 6 to 12 carbon atoms of the polyester compound represented by the general formula (FB-2) include cyclic glycols such as 1,4-benzenedimethanol. It can be used as a mixture of two or more.
- Examples of the oxyalkylene glycol component having 4 to 12 carbon atoms of the polyester compound represented by the general formula (FB-2) include diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, and tripropylene glycol. These glycols can be used as one kind or a mixture of two or more kinds.
- Examples of the alkylene dicarboxylic acid component having 4 to 12 carbon atoms of the polyester compound represented by the general formula (FB-2) include succinic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, azelaic acid, and sebacic acid. , Dodecanedicarboxylic acid and the like, and these are used as one kind or a mixture of two or more kinds, respectively.
- Examples of the aryl dicarboxylic acid component having 6 to 12 carbon atoms of the polyester compound represented by the general formula (FB-2) include phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, 1,5-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, and 1,4-naphthalene. There are dicarboxylic acids and the like.
- the polyester compound represented by the general formula (FB-2) has a weight average molecular weight of preferably 300 to 1500, more preferably 400 to 1,000.
- the acid value is 0.5 mgKOH / g or less
- the hydroxy group (hydroxyl group) value is 25 mgKOH / g or less
- more preferably the acid value is 0.3 mgKOH / g or less
- the hydroxy group (hydroxyl group) value is 15 mgKOH / g or less. Is.
- the weight average molecular weight of the polyester compound is calculated by measurement using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) under the following measurement conditions.
- the film of this embodiment preferably contains the polyester compound in an amount of 0.1 to 30% by mass, particularly 0.5 to 10% by mass, based on the entire film (100% by mass).
- Resin having negative birefringence has a function of imparting water resistance to the optical film as well as a function as a plasticizer.
- the resin having negative birefringence is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include acrylic compounds and styrene compounds.
- the acrylic compound has a repeating unit derived from at least one acrylic monomer selected from the group consisting of (meth) acrylic acid, (meth) acrylic acid ester, (meth) acrylamides, and (meth) acrylonitrile.
- a polymer is mentioned.
- the acrylic compound is preferably a compound comprising 50 to 99% by mass of methyl methacrylate units and 1 to 50% by mass of the total amount of other monomer units copolymerizable therewith.
- Examples of other copolymerizable monomers include alkyl methacrylates having an alkyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms; alkyl acrylates having an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms; amides such as acryloylmorpholine and N, N-dimethylacrylamide
- the acrylic compound may have a ring structure.
- Specific examples include acrylic compounds having a lactone ring structure, a glutaric anhydride structure, a glutarimide structure, an N-substituted maleimide structure, a maleic anhydride structure, and a pyran ring structure. Of these, an acrylic compound having an N-substituted maleimide structure or a pyran ring structure is preferable.
- an alkyl acrylate having an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a vinyl monomer having an amide group, and an ester moiety having 5 to 22 carbon atoms from the viewpoint of thermal decomposition resistance and fluidity of the copolymer, an alkyl acrylate having an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a vinyl monomer having an amide group, and an ester moiety having 5 to 22 carbon atoms.
- An acrylic compound containing a methacrylic acid ester or acrylic acid ester having an alicyclic hydrocarbon group or an N-substituted maleimide as a monomer unit is preferred.
- alkyl acrylate having 1 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl group examples include methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, s-butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate and the like. Of these, methyl acrylate is preferred.
- vinyl monomer having an amide group examples include acrylamide, N-methylacrylamide, N-butylacrylamide, N, N-dimethylacrylamide, N, N-diethylacrylamide, acryloylmorpholine, N-hydroxyethylacrylamide, and acryloylpyrrolidine.
- methacrylic acid ester or acrylic acid ester having an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 5 to 22 carbon atoms in the ester portion include cyclopentyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, methyl cyclohexyl acrylate, trimethylcyclohexyl acrylate, acrylic Norbornyl acrylate, norbornyl methyl acrylate, cyano norbornyl acrylate, isobornyl acrylate, bornyl acrylate, menthyl acrylate, fentyl acrylate, adamantyl acrylate, dimethyladamantyl acrylate, tricycloacrylate [5.2.
- N-substituted maleimide examples include N-methylmaleimide, N-ethylmaleimide, N-propylmaleimide, Ni-propylmaleimide, N-butylmaleimide, Ni-butylmaleimide, Nt-butylmaleimide, N -Laurylmaleimide, N-cyclohexylmaleimide, N-benzylmaleimide, N-phenylmaleimide, N- (2-chlorophenyl) maleimide, N- (4-chlorophenyl) maleimide, N- (4-bromophenyl) phenylmaleimide, N- (2-methylphenyl) maleimide, N- (2-ethylphenylmaleimide), N- (2-methoxyphenyl) maleimide, N- (2,4,6-trimethylphenyl) maleimide, N- (4-benzylphenyl) maleimide N- (2,4,6-tribromopheny )
- the acrylic compound containing the above monomer may be prepared by itself or a commercially available product may be used.
- a well-known technique can be applied as appropriate.
- the acrylic compound may be prepared by any method such as suspension polymerization, emulsion polymerization, bulk polymerization, and solution polymerization.
- a polymerization initiator such as a peroxide polymerization initiator or an azo polymerization initiator, a chain transfer agent such as an alkyl mercaptan, or the like may be used.
- the above-mentioned monomer can use a commercially available thing as it is.
- the weight average molecular weight of the acrylic compound is preferably 15000 or less, more preferably 10,000 or less, more preferably 5000 to 10,000, from the viewpoint of moisture permeability control and compatibility with cellulose ester and cellulose ether. More preferably.
- the value of “weight average molecular weight (Mw) of acrylic compound” is a value calculated by measurement using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) under the following measurement conditions. To do.
- the styrenic compound examples include a homopolymer of a styrenic monomer, and a copolymer of a styrenic monomer and another copolymerizable monomer.
- the content of the structural unit derived from the styrenic monomer is preferably 30 to 100 mol%, and more preferably 50 to 100 mol%. If the content rate of the structural unit derived from a styrene-type monomer is the said range, it is preferable from the molecular structure having bulkiness more than fixed.
- styrene compound containing a styrene monomer represented by the following general formula (FC) as a monomer unit is preferable.
- R 9 to R 11 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms.
- R 12 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or 6 to 6 carbon atoms.
- R 12 may be the same or different, and two or more adjacent R 12 may be bonded to each other to form a ring.
- styrenic monomer examples include, but are not limited to, styrene; alkyl-substituted styrenes such as ⁇ -methylstyrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, and p-methylstyrene; halogens such as 4-chlorostyrene and 4-bromostyrene.
- Substituted styrenes hydroxystyrenes such as p-hydroxystyrene, ⁇ -methyl-p-hydroxystyrene, 2-methyl-4-hydroxystyrene, 3,4-dihydroxystyrene; vinyl benzyl alcohols; p-methoxystyrene, p Alkoxy substituted styrenes such as tert-butoxystyrene and m-tert-butoxystyrene; vinyl benzoic acids such as 3-vinylbenzoic acid and 4-vinylbenzoic acid; 4-vinylbenzyl acetate; 4-acetoxystyrene; 2-butyl Amidostyrene, 4 Amidostyrenes such as methylamidostyrene and p-sulfonamidostyrene; aminostyrenes such as 3-aminostyrene, 4-aminostyrene, 2-isopropenylaniline and vinylbenzy
- the above styrenic monomers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the copolymerization monomer combined with the styrenic monomer is not particularly limited, but is a (meth) acrylic acid ester; maleic anhydride, citraconic anhydride, cis-1-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride, 3-methyl- Acidic anhydrides such as cis-1-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride, 4-methyl-cis-1-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride, and nitrile group-containing radical polymerizability such as acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile Monomers; Radical polymerizable monomers containing amide bonds such as acrylamide, methacrylamide, trifluoromethanesulfonylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate; Fatty vinyls such as vinyl acetate; Chlorine-containing radical polymerizable such as vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride Monomer; 1,3-butadiene
- the (meth) acrylic acid ester is not particularly limited, but methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, propyl (meth) acrylate (i-, n-), butyl (meth) acrylate ( n-, i-, sec-, tert-), pentyl (meth) acrylate (n-, i-, sec-), hexyl (meth) acrylate (n-, i-), heptyl (meth) acrylate (N-, i-), octyl (meth) acrylate (n-, i-), nonyl (meth) acrylate (n-, i-), myristyl (meth) acrylate (n-, i-), (Meth) acrylic acid (2-ethylhexyl), (meth) acrylic acid ( ⁇ -caprolactone), (meth) acrylic acid (2-hydroxyethyl), acrylic acid (2-hydroxy
- styrene / maleic anhydride copolymers styrene / acrylic acid ester copolymers, styrene / hydroxystyrene polymers, styrene / acetoxystyrene polymers, etc. are preferred, and styrene / maleic anhydride copolymers Coalescence is more preferred.
- the optical film according to the present embodiment may contain other plasticizers as appropriate.
- the other plasticizer is not particularly limited, and a known plasticizer can be used.
- specific examples of other plasticizers include polycarboxylic acid ester plasticizers, glycolate plasticizers, phthalate ester plasticizers, fatty acid ester plasticizers, polyhydric alcohol ester plasticizers, and phosphate ester types. A plasticizer etc. are mentioned. Of these, polyhydric alcohol ester plasticizers and phosphate ester plasticizers are preferably used.
- polyhydric alcohol ester plasticizer examples include compounds described in “0127” to “0170” of JP2010-32655A, and “0138” to “0156” of JP2009-286931A. The compound currently made is mentioned.
- phosphate plasticizer examples include triphenyl phosphate (TPP), tricresyl phosphate, cresyl diphenyl phosphate, octyl diphenyl phosphate, diphenyl biphenyl phosphate (BDP), trioctyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate, and the like. Of these, it is preferable to use triphenyl phosphate (TPP) and diphenyl biphenyl phosphate (BDP).
- TPP triphenyl phosphate
- BDP diphenyl biphenyl phosphate
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the plasticizer described above is preferably 15000 or less, more preferably 100 to 10,000, and further preferably 400 to 8000.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the plasticizer is 15000 or less, the heat and humidity resistance of the optical film is improved, and high compatibility can be obtained between the cellulose ester and the cellulose ether.
- the value calculated by the measurement using the gel permeation chromatography (GPC) by the following measurement conditions shall be employ
- the content of the plasticizer described above is preferably 1.0 to 30.0 parts by mass, and 8.0 to 15.0 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass in total of the cellulose ester and the cellulose ether. Is more preferable. It is preferable that the content of the plasticizer is in the above-described range since the water resistance can be improved by hydrophobizing the optical film.
- the hydrogen bonding compound has a function of reducing fluctuations in the retardation value Rt with respect to changes in humidity.
- the optical film preferably contains a hydrogen bonding compound.
- Examples of the compound include compounds represented by the following general formulas (A) to (H).
- Ra represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, a heterocyclic group or an aryl group.
- X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , and X 4 each independently represent a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group.
- Rb and Rc each independently represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, a heterocyclic group, or an aryl group.
- X 5 and X 6 each independently represent a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- R 5 and R 6 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group.
- Ra 11 represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group.
- Rb 11 , Rc 11 , Rd 11 , and Re 11 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group.
- Q 1 represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or NRf
- Rf represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group, and is linked to Ra 11 to form a ring.
- X 11 , X 12 and X 13 each independently represent a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- X 14 represents a divalent linking group.
- Ra 21 and Rg 21 each independently represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group.
- Rd 21 and Re 21 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group.
- Q 11 represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or NRf
- Rf represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group, and is linked to Ra 21 to form a ring. Also good.
- Q 12 represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or NRh
- Rh represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group, and is linked to Rg 21 to form a ring.
- X 23 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- X 24 represents a divalent linking group.
- Y 1 represents a methine group or —N ⁇ .
- Ra 31 represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group.
- Rb 31 , Rc 31 , Rd 31 and Re 31 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group.
- Q 21 represents a single bond, -O -, - S-, or -NR f - indicates, R f is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group, and Ra 31 They may be linked to form a ring.
- X 31 , X 32 and X 33 each independently represent a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- X 34 represents the following general formula (Q)
- Y 11 represents a methine group or —N—.
- Ra 41 and Rg 41 each represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group.
- Rd 41 and Re 41 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group.
- Q 31 represents —O—, —S—, or —NR f —, and R f represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group, and is linked to Ra 41 A ring may be formed.
- Q 32 represents —O—, —S—, or —NR h —, and R h represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group, and is linked to Rg 41 A ring may be formed.
- X 43 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- X 44 represents a divalent linking group.
- L 1 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group containing a hetero atom, and is preferably a divalent linking group containing a hetero atom.
- the divalent linking group containing the heteroatom represented by L 1 is preferably a linking group in which the same atom has two bonds involved in the connection. Examples of such a linking group include —O—, —N (R 82 ) —, —C ( ⁇ O) —, —S—, —S ( ⁇ O) 2 —, and combinations thereof. Can be mentioned.
- the range of R 82 is the same as the range of R 3.
- R 82 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms (more preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, particularly preferably A carbon number of 1 to 5, more particularly a methyl group.
- a linking group comprising —O—, —NH— and —N (CH 3 ) —, —C ( ⁇ O) —, and combinations thereof is preferable, and —O—, —NH—C ( ⁇ O )-And -N (CH 3 )-are more preferred.
- R 81 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a heteroaryl group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, or a carbon atom. Represents an aryl group of formula 6-20.
- Preferable examples of the general formula (G) include, for example, paragraphs “0097” to “0107” of JP2012-82235A, and specific examples of the compound represented by the general formula (G) include, for example, And compounds described in paragraphs “0109” to “0111” of JP2012-82235A.
- L 3 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group containing a hetero atom
- R 85 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, or an alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms.
- R 83 and R 84 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group.
- X 53 and X 54 each independently represent a divalent linking group.
- Specific examples of the compound represented by the general formula (H) include compounds described in paragraph “0113” of JP2012-82235A.
- the molecular weight of the hydrogen bonding compounds represented by the general formulas (A) to (D) is preferably 100 to 1000, more preferably 150 to 700, and most preferably 150 to 450.
- hydrogen bonding compound examples include compounds described in paragraph “0029” of JP2011-227508A, and 3-methylsalicylic acid is preferably used.
- the addition amount of the hydrogen bonding compound is not particularly limited, but is preferably 35% by mass or less, more preferably 30% by mass or less, and 20% by mass with respect to the total amount of cellulose ester and cellulose ether. It is particularly preferred that
- the ultraviolet absorber has a function of absorbing ultraviolet rays.
- the optical film can be suitably used for the viewing side and the backlight side of a polarizing plate using the optical film.
- the ultraviolet absorber is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a benzotriazole ultraviolet absorber, a 2-hydroxybenzophenone ultraviolet absorber, and a salicylic acid phenyl ester ultraviolet absorber.
- 2- (5-methyl-2-hydroxyphenyl) benzotriazole 2- [2-hydroxy-3,5-bis ( ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylbenzyl) phenyl] -2H-benzotriazole
- 2- Triazoles such as (3,5-di-t-butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl) benzotriazole
- 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone 2-hydroxy-4-octoxybenzophenone
- 2,2′-dihydroxy-4 -Benzophenones such as methoxybenzophenone.
- an ultraviolet absorber having a molecular weight of 400 or more is preferable because it is difficult to sublimate or volatilizes at a high boiling point, so that it does not easily disperse even when the film is dried at high temperature.
- the molecular weight is 400 or more, the weather resistance can be effectively improved by adding a relatively small amount.
- the ultraviolet absorber having a molecular weight of 400 or more is not particularly limited, but 2- [2-hydroxy-3,5-bis ( ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylbenzyl) phenyl] -2-benzotriazole, 2,2-methylenebis [ Benzotriazoles such as 4- (1,1,3,3-tetrabutyl) -6- (2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) phenol]; bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl ) Hindered amines such as sebacate, bis (1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate; 2- (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) -2-n- Bis (1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl) butylmalonate, 1- [2- [3- (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propioni [Luoxy] ethyl] -4- [3
- 2- [2-hydroxy-3,5-bis ( ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylbenzyl) phenyl] -2-benzotriazole and 2,2-methylenebis [4- (1,1,3,3-tetrabutyl) ) -6- (2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) phenol] is preferably used.
- the above ultraviolet absorbers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- UV absorber Commercially available products may be used as the UV absorber.
- examples of the commercially available products include Tinuvin 109, Tinuvin 171, Tinuvin 234, Tinuvin 326, Tinuvin 327, Tinuvin 328, Tinuvin 928, etc. -(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) -4- (1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) phenol], molecular weight 659, manufactured by ADEKA Corporation) and the like.
- the content of the UV absorber varies depending on the type of UV absorber, use conditions, and the like, but generally it is preferably 0.05 to 10% by mass relative to the total amount of cellulose ester and cellulose ether. It is more preferably 1 to 5% by mass.
- the matting agent has a function of imparting slipperiness of the optical film.
- the matting agent usually has a fine particle shape.
- the matting agent does not excessively impair the transparency of the optical film, and is not particularly limited as long as it has heat resistance during melting, and any of inorganic compounds and organic compounds can be used.
- silicon dioxide having a refractive index close to that of cellulose ester.
- the silicon dioxide may be a commercially available product.
- the commercially available products include Aerosil 200V, Aerosil R972V, Aerosil R972, R974, R812, 200, 300, R202, OX50, TT600, NAX50 (Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.), Sea Hoster KEP-10, Sea Hoster KEP-30, Sea Hoster KEP.
- the shape of the matting agent is not particularly limited, and may be indefinite, acicular, flat, spherical or the like.
- the spherical shape is preferable because the optical film exhibits good transparency.
- the particle size of the matting agent is preferably 80 to 180 nm.
- the particle size of the particle means the particle size when the particle has a structure of an aggregate of primary particles.
- the particle diameter means the diameter of a circle corresponding to the projected area.
- the content of the matting agent is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.05 to 10% by mass, and more preferably 0.1 to 5% by mass with respect to the total amount of cellulose ester and cellulose ether.
- the ionic surfactant has a function of reducing the peeling force of the optical film produced by film formation.
- the ionic surfactant is not particularly limited, and a cationic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant, and the like can be used.
- cationic surfactant examples include aliphatic amine salts, aliphatic quaternary ammonium salts, benzalkonium salts, benzethonium chloride, pyridinium salts, imidazolinium salts, and the like.
- anionic surfactant examples include higher alcohol (C 8 -C 22 ) sulfate salts (for example, sodium salt of lauryl alcohol sulfate, sodium salt of octyl alcohol sulfate, ammonium salt of lauryl alcohol sulfate, “Tepol-81” ( Shell Chemicals Japan Co., Ltd.), secondary sodium alkyl sulfate, etc.), aliphatic alcohol phosphate salts (eg, sodium salt of cetyl alcohol phosphate), alkyl aryl sulfonates (eg, dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid) Sodium salt, sodium salt of isopropyl naphthalene sulfonic acid, sodium salt of dinaphthalenedisulfonic acid, sodium salt of metanitrobenzene sulfonic acid, etc.), sulfone of alkylamide Acid salts (for example, C 17 H 33 CON (CH 3 ) CH 2 SO 3 Na), sulf
- amphoteric surfactants include carboxybetaine type, sulfobetaine type, aminocarboxylate, imidazolinium betaine and the like.
- the content of the surfactant is preferably 0.01 to 5% by mass, more preferably 0.05 to 3% by mass, and more preferably 0.2 to 3% by mass with respect to the total amount of cellulose ester and cellulose ether. More preferably, it is 2 mass%. It is preferable that the content of the surfactant is 0.01% by mass or more because the function as the surfactant can be suitably exhibited. On the other hand, when the content of the surfactant is 5% by mass or less, precipitation of the surfactant and excessive increase in the hygroscopicity of the optical film are less likely to occur.
- the optical film can be produced by a known method.
- the production method include inflation method, T-die method, calendar method, cutting method, emulsion method, hot press method, solution casting method, melt casting method and the like.
- the production method is preferably a solution casting method or a melt casting method, and a more uniform surface is obtained. From the viewpoint, the solution casting method is more preferable.
- the method for producing an optical film is a step of preparing a dope by dissolving cellulose ester, cellulose ether, and, if necessary, the above-described additive in a solvent (dissolution step; Dope preparation process), casting the dope onto an endless metal support that moves indefinitely (casting process), drying the cast dope as a web (solvent evaporation process), peeling from the metal support It is preferable to include a step (peeling step), a step of drying and / or stretching (drying and stretching step), and a step of winding the finished film (winding step).
- Dissolution process This step is a step of preparing a dope by dissolving cellulose ester, cellulose ether, and any other additives in an organic solvent mainly containing a good solvent for cellulose ester and cellulose ether while stirring. It is.
- the dope may be prepared by adding a solution containing cellulose ether and any other additive to the cellulose ester solution.
- the organic solvent useful for the preparation of the dope is not particularly limited as long as it can dissolve cellulose ester, cellulose ether, and any additive at the same time.
- organic solvent examples include chlorinated organic solvents such as methylene chloride; methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, amyl acetate, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, 1,3-dioxolane, 1,4-dioxane, cyclohexanone, ethyl formate, 2,2,2 -Trifluoroethanol, 2,2,3,3-hexafluoro-1-propanol, 1,3-difluoro-2-propanol, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-methyl-2
- Non-chlorine organic solvents such as -propanol, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro-1-propanol and nitroethane .
- methylene chloride, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and acetone are preferably used.
- the dope preferably contains a linear or branched aliphatic alcohol.
- the linear or branched aliphatic alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms include methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butanol, sec-butanol, and tert-butanol. Of these, ethanol is preferred because of the stability of the dope, the boiling point is relatively low, and the drying property is good.
- the content of the linear or branched aliphatic alcohol is preferably 1 to 40% by mass with respect to the total amount of the dope. It is preferable that the content of alcohol in the dope is 1% by mass or more because the web is gelled and peeling from the metal support becomes easy. On the other hand, when the alcohol content in the dope is 40% by mass or less, dissolution of cellulose ester, cellulose ether, and optional additives can be promoted in a non-chlorine organic solvent system.
- the dope prepared in this step comprises a total of 15 to 45 cellulose ester, cellulose ether, and optional additives in a solvent containing methylene chloride and a linear or branched aliphatic alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- a dope composition dissolved in mass% is particularly preferred.
- Dissolution of cellulose ester, cellulose ether, and other additives is carried out at normal pressure, carried out below the boiling point of the main solvent, pressurized and carried out above the boiling point of the main solvent, JP-A-9-95544, Various dissolution methods can be used, such as a method using the cooling dissolution method described in JP-A-9-95557 or JP-A-9-95538, and a method using high pressure described in JP-A-11-21379. However, a method in which pressure is applied at a temperature equal to or higher than the boiling point of the main solvent is preferable.
- the total content (total amount) of cellulose ester and cellulose ether in the dope is preferably 15 to 45% by mass based on the total amount of the dope. It is preferable that the content of the cellulose ester is 15% by mass or more because the drying load after casting on the metal support can be reduced. On the other hand, it is preferable that the content of the cellulose ester is 45% by mass or less because good filtration accuracy can be obtained.
- the prepared dope is preferably filtered to remove impurities.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing an example of a dope preparation step, a casting step, and a drying step of a solution casting film forming method preferable for this embodiment.
- the material is transferred from the charging kettle 41 to the filter 44 by the pump 43, and large aggregates are removed by the filter 44 and fed to the stock kettle 42. Thereafter, various additive solutions are added from the stock kettle 42 to the main dope dissolving kettle 1.
- the main dope is transferred to the main filter 3 by the liquid feed pump 2, filtered by the main filter 3, transferred to the filter 6 by the liquid feed pump 5, passed through the conduit 8, and ultraviolet rays in the junction pipe 20.
- the absorbent additive solution is added in-line through the conduit 16.
- the main dope may contain about 10 to 50% by weight of recycled material.
- the return material is a product obtained by finely pulverizing an optical film. Specific examples of the return material include a material obtained by cutting off both side portions of a film generated when an optical film is formed, and a film raw material that is spec-out due to scratches.
- a pellet obtained by pelletizing cellulose ester, cellulose ether, and other additives in advance can be preferably used as a raw material for the resin used for preparing the dope.
- the dope is cast (cast) on a metal support. That is, in this step, the dope is fed to the pressurizing die 30 through a liquid feed pump (for example, a pressurized metering gear pump) and transferred indefinitely, for example, an endless metal belt 31 such as a stainless steel belt or a rotating metal drum. The dope is cast from the pressure die slit to the casting position on the metal support.
- a liquid feed pump for example, a pressurized metering gear pump
- an endless metal belt 31 such as a stainless steel belt or a rotating metal drum.
- the pressure die one that can adjust the slit shape of the die portion of the die and can easily make the film thickness uniform is preferable.
- the pressure die include a coat hanger die and a T die, and any of them is preferably used.
- the surface of the metal support is preferably a mirror surface.
- two or more pressure dies may be provided on the metal support, and the dope amount may be divided and stacked. Or it is also preferable to obtain the film of a laminated structure by the co-casting method which casts several dope simultaneously.
- the width of the cast is preferably 4 m or less from the viewpoint of productivity, more preferably 1.4 to 4 m, and further preferably 2.2 to 3.5 m from the viewpoint of transportability and productivity. preferable.
- the width of the cast is 4 m or less, it is preferable from the viewpoint of prevention of fringes that may occur in the optical film during the production process and stability in the conveyance process.
- Examples of the method for evaporating the solvent include a method in which air is blown from the web side, a method in which heat is transferred from the back surface of the support by liquid, and a method in which heat is transferred from the front and back by radiant heat. Of these, the back surface liquid heat transfer method is preferred from the viewpoint of drying efficiency. These methods may be performed alone or in combination.
- the web on the support after casting is preferably dried on the support in an atmosphere of 40 to 100 ° C. In order to maintain the atmosphere at 40 to 100 ° C., it is preferable to apply hot air at this temperature to the upper surface of the web or heat by means such as infrared rays.
- this step is a step of peeling the web where the solvent has evaporated on the metal support at the peeling position 33.
- the peeled web is sent to the next process.
- the residual solvent amount at the time of peeling of the web on the metal support at the time of peeling varies depending on the strength of drying conditions, the length of the metal support, etc., but is preferably 50 to 120% by mass.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the amount of residual solvent at the time of peeling is determined in consideration of economic speed and quality.
- by controlling the amount of residual solvent appropriately it has favorable flatness at the time of peeling, and can prevent the occurrence of slippage and vertical stripes due to peeling tension.
- residual solvent amount is calculated by the following formula.
- heat treatment means heat treatment at 140 ° C. for 1 hour.
- the peeling tension when peeling the metal support and the film is usually preferably 100 to 245 N / m. In the case where wrinkles easily enter during peeling, it is more preferable to peel with a tension of 190 N / m or less.
- the temperature at the peeling position on the metal support is preferably ⁇ 50 to 40 ° C., more preferably 10 to 40 ° C., and most preferably 15 to 30 ° C.
- a drying device 35 that transports the web alternately through rollers arranged in the drying device and / or a tenter stretching device 34 that clips and transports both ends of the web with clips. Use to dry the web.
- the drying means is generally a method of blowing hot air on both sides of the web, but it may be heated by applying microwaves instead of hot air.
- the drying is preferably performed slowly from the viewpoint of maintaining good flatness of the obtained optical film.
- the drying is preferably started when the residual solvent amount is 15% by mass or less. Throughout, the drying is preferably performed at 35 to 250 ° C, more preferably 40 to 200 ° C.
- tenter stretching apparatus When using a tenter stretching apparatus, it is preferable to use an apparatus that can independently control the film gripping length (distance from the start of gripping to the end of gripping) left and right by the left and right gripping means of the tenter. In the tenter process, it is preferable to intentionally create sections having different temperatures in order to improve planarity.
- the orientation of molecules in the film can be controlled by the stretching treatment. Thereby, an optical film having a desired film thickness, retardation, and the like can be obtained.
- a well-known roller drawing machine, a tenter, etc. can be used preferably for extending
- a uniaxially stretched film may be sufficient as a stretched film, it is preferable that it is a biaxially stretched film which implemented biaxial stretching in the casting direction (MD direction) and the width direction (TD direction).
- the stretching step is not essential, and the optical film according to this embodiment may be an unstretched film.
- the method for uniaxially or biaxially stretching the optical film is not particularly limited, and a known method can be applied.
- uniaxial stretching the film can be stretched by free-end uniaxial stretching in which the change in the width direction of the film is free and fixed-end uniaxial stretching in which the change in the width direction of the film is fixed.
- biaxial stretching stretching can be performed by simultaneous biaxial stretching in which sequential biaxial stretching and longitudinal and transverse stretching are simultaneously performed.
- sequential biaxial stretching for example, stretching in different stretching directions can be sequentially performed, stretching in the same direction is divided into multiple stages, and stretching in different directions is performed in any of the stages. It is also possible to add to. That is, for example, the following stretching steps are possible.
- the draw ratio of the optical film is preferably 1.1 to 9 times, more preferably 1.2 to 5 times, the sum of the casting direction and the width direction.
- the draw ratio of simultaneous biaxial stretching is preferably 1.01 to 1.5 times in both the width direction and the longitudinal direction.
- the stretching temperature is preferably performed in the temperature range of Tg to Tg + 60 ° C. of the resin constituting the film.
- the residual solvent amount of the web is preferably 20 to 100% by mass at the start of the tenter. Moreover, it is preferable to dry while applying a tenter until the residual solvent amount of the web is 10% by mass or less, more preferably 5% by mass or less.
- the drying temperature is preferably 30 to 160 ° C, more preferably 50 to 150 ° C.
- the temperature distribution in the width direction of the atmosphere is small from the viewpoint of improving the uniformity of the film.
- the temperature distribution in the width direction in the tenter process is preferably within ⁇ 5 ° C., more preferably within ⁇ 2 ° C., and most preferably within ⁇ 1 ° C.
- an optical film is obtained by winding up the obtained web (finished film). More specifically, this step is a step of winding up as an optical film by the winder 37 after the residual solvent amount in the web becomes 2% by mass or less. In the winding, an optical film with good dimensional stability can be obtained by setting the residual solvent amount to 0.4% by mass or less, more preferably 0.00 to 0.10% by mass.
- a commonly used winding method may be used, and a constant torque method, a constant tension method, a taper tension method, a program tension control method with a constant internal stress, or the like can be applied.
- the end Before winding, the end may be slit and cut to the product width, and knurled (embossed) may be applied to both ends to prevent sticking and scratching during winding.
- the knurling method can process a metal ring having an uneven pattern on its side surface by heating or pressing.
- the film is deform
- the optical film is preferably a long film. Specifically, it is a long film of about 100 to 10,000 m, and is usually provided in a roll form.
- the width of the film is preferably 1.4 to 4 m, more preferably 2 to 3 m, from the viewpoint of increasing the size of the liquid crystal display device and increasing the production efficiency.
- the melt casting method refers to a method in which a composition containing cellulose ester, cellulose ether, and the above-described additive is melted by heating to a temperature showing fluidity, and the melt is cast.
- the melt casting method can be classified into a melt extrusion molding method, a press molding method, an inflation method, an injection molding method, a blow molding method, a stretch molding method, and the like.
- the melt extrusion method is preferred from the viewpoint of mechanical strength and surface accuracy.
- a plurality of raw materials used in the melt extrusion method are usually kneaded and pelletized in advance.
- the pelletization can be performed by a known method. For example, dry cellulose ester, cellulose ether, plasticizer, other additives are fed to the extruder with a feeder, kneaded using a single or twin screw extruder, extruded into a strand from a die, water cooled or air cooled, This can be done by cutting.
- Additives may be mixed before being supplied to the extruder, or may be supplied by individual feeders.
- a small amount of additives such as particles and antioxidants are preferably mixed in advance in order to mix uniformly.
- the extruder can be pelletized so that the shearing force is suppressed and the cellulose ester and cellulose ether are not deteriorated (molecular weight reduction, coloring, gel formation, etc.), and can be processed at the lowest possible temperature.
- the extruder in the case of a twin screw extruder, it is preferable to rotate in the same direction using a deep groove type screw. From the viewpoint of uniformity of kneading, a meshing type is preferable.
- the raw material powder may be supplied as it is to the extruder with a feeder and formed into a film without being pelletized.
- the melting temperature when extruding the above pellets using a single-screw or twin-screw type extruder is set to a temperature range of 200 to 300 ° C.
- the T die Cast into a film After removing foreign matters by filtering with a leaf disk type filter or the like, the T die Cast into a film. Next, the film is nipped with a cooling roller and an elastic touch roller and solidified on the cooling roller.
- the extrusion flow rate is preferably carried out stably by introducing a gear pump.
- a stainless fiber sintered filter is preferably used as a filter used for removing foreign substances.
- the stainless steel fiber sintered filter is formed by compressing the stainless fiber body in a complicatedly intertwined state, and sintering and integrating the contact portions.
- the stainless steel fiber sintered filter can adjust the filtration accuracy by changing the density according to the thickness and compression amount of the fiber.
- Additives such as plasticizers and particles may be mixed with the resin in advance, or may be kneaded in the middle of the extruder. In order to add uniformly, it is preferable to use a mixing apparatus such as a static mixer.
- the film temperature on the touch roller side is preferably set in a temperature range of Tg to Tg + 110 ° C. of the film.
- a known roller can be used as the roller having an elastic surface used for such a purpose.
- the elastic touch roller is also called a pinching rotator, and a commercially available product can be used as the elastic touch roller.
- the film obtained as described above is stretched by the stretching operation after passing through the step of contacting the cooling roller.
- a known roller stretching machine or tenter can be preferably used. Specific conditions are the same as in the case of the solution pouring method.
- an optical film can be produced by winding up the film obtained as described above, as in the case of the solution pouring method.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the configuration of a polarizing plate provided with the optical film according to the first embodiment and a liquid crystal display device provided with the polarizing plate.
- the protective film 102, the active energy ray-curable adhesive 103A, and the polarizer 104 are laminated in this order, and the protective film is further disposed. It is a preferable aspect that the active energy ray-curable adhesive 103B and the optical film 105 according to the first embodiment are laminated on the polarizer surface opposite to the surface on which the light is applied. That is, the polarizing plate 101A has a configuration in which the optical film 105 according to the first embodiment is bonded to the polarizer 104 with the active energy ray-curable adhesive 103B.
- a functional layer 106 such as an antiglare layer, an antireflection layer, an antifouling layer, and a hard coat layer may be provided on the outer side (outermost surface portion) of the protective film 102 as necessary.
- the optical film 105 of the polarizing plate 101A is bonded to the liquid crystal cell 107 via an adhesive or an adhesive, and the liquid crystal cell surface (backlight side) opposite to the surface where the polarizing plate 101A and the liquid crystal cell 107 are bonded.
- the optical film 105 of the present invention of the polarizing plate 101B having the same configuration as the polarizing plate 101A is preferably bonded to form the liquid crystal display device 108.
- the polarizing plate according to the present embodiment includes an optical film, a polarizer, and an adhesive. At this time, the optical film and the polarizer are bonded with an adhesive.
- optical film Since the above-described optical film can be used as the optical film, description thereof is omitted here.
- the adhesive is not particularly limited, and a known adhesive can be used. Specific examples include curable adhesives such as active energy ray-curable adhesives, urethane adhesives, epoxy adhesives, aqueous polymer-isocyanate adhesives, thermosetting acrylic adhesives, and moisture-curing urethane adhesives. Anaerobic adhesives such as polyether methacrylate type, ester methacrylate type, oxidized polyether methacrylate, cyanoacrylate instant adhesive, acrylate and peroxide two-component instant adhesive, polyvinyl alcohol adhesive, etc. Can be mentioned.
- the adhesive may be a solvent system using an organic solvent as a medium, or an aqueous system such as an emulsion type, a colloidal dispersion liquid type, or an aqueous solution type that is a medium containing water as a main component, It may be a solventless type.
- concentration of the adhesive solution may be appropriately determined depending on the film thickness after bonding, the coating method, the coating conditions, and the like, and is usually 0.1 to 50% by mass.
- an active energy ray-curable adhesive from the viewpoint of effectively controlling moisture permeability.
- Preferred examples of the active energy ray-curable adhesive include, for example, ( ⁇ ) cationic polymerizable compound, ( ⁇ ) photocationic polymerization initiator, and ( ⁇ ) 380 nm as disclosed in JP2011-028234A.
- Examples thereof include a photosensitizing agent that exhibits maximum absorption in light having a long wavelength, and a photocurable adhesive composition containing ( ⁇ ) a naphthalene-based photosensitizing assistant.
- active energy ray-curable adhesives may be used.
- a polarizer which is a main component of the polarizing plate, is an element that allows only light having a plane of polarization in a certain direction to pass through.
- a typical polarizer currently known is a polyvinyl alcohol polarizing film.
- the polyvinyl alcohol polarizing film includes those obtained by dyeing iodine on a polyvinyl alcohol film and those obtained by dyeing a dichroic dye.
- polarizer a polarizer obtained by forming a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution into a film and dyeing it by uniaxial stretching or dyeing and then uniaxially stretching and then preferably performing a durability treatment with a boron compound may be used.
- the film thickness of the polarizer is preferably in the range of 5 to 30 ⁇ m, particularly preferably in the range of 5 to 15 ⁇ m.
- the ethylene unit content described in JP-A-2003-248123, JP-A-2003-342322, etc. is 1 to 4 mol%
- the degree of polymerization is 2000 to 4000
- the degree of saponification is 99.0 to 99.99 mol. %
- Ethylene-modified polyvinyl alcohol is also preferably used.
- an ethylene-modified polyvinyl alcohol film having a hot water cutting temperature in the range of 66 to 73 ° C. is preferably used.
- a polarizer using this ethylene-modified polyvinyl alcohol film is excellent in polarization performance and durability, and has few color spots, and is particularly preferably used for a large-sized liquid crystal display device.
- the active energy ray-curable adhesive is further attached to the polarizer surface opposite to the surface on which the optical film of the first embodiment is disposed. It is preferable that the protective film 102 is laminated via an agent.
- the protective film can be obtained as a commercial product, and examples thereof include Konica Minoltak KC4UE, KC8UE, KC8UX, KC5UX, KC8UY, KC4UY, KC4CZ, KC6UA, KC4UA, and KC2UA (manufactured by Konica Minolta, Inc.). .
- the protective film disposed on the viewing side is preferably provided with a functional layer such as a hard coat layer, an antistatic layer, an antireflection layer, a slippery layer, an adhesive layer, an antiglare layer, or a barrier layer.
- a functional layer such as a hard coat layer, an antistatic layer, an antireflection layer, a slippery layer, an adhesive layer, an antiglare layer, or a barrier layer.
- a polarizing plate can be manufactured by laminating the optical film of the first embodiment on one surface of a polarizer using an active energy ray-curable adhesive. In the case where the adhesiveness is different between both surfaces of the optical film, it is preferable that the optical film is bonded to the one having better adhesiveness.
- the polarizing plate includes an adhesive application step of applying an active energy ray-curable adhesive below to form an adhesive layer on at least one of the adhesive surfaces of the polarizer and the optical film, and the adhesive layer.
- a manufacturing process including a bonding step in which a polarizer and an optical film are bonded to each other via an adhesive layer, and a curing step in which the adhesive layer is cured in a state where the polarizer and the optical film are bonded to each other through the adhesive layer. It can be manufactured by a method. In addition, there may be a pretreatment process for easily bonding the surface of the optical film to which the polarizer is bonded.
- Pretreatment process In the pretreatment step, the surface of the optical film that adheres to the polarizer is subjected to an easy adhesion treatment. When the optical film and the protective film are bonded to both surfaces of the polarizer, easy adhesion treatment is performed on each of the optical film and the protective film. In the next adhesive application process, the surface subjected to the easy adhesion treatment is treated as a bonding surface with the polarizer, and therefore, on both surfaces of the optical film, the surface to be bonded with the active energy ray-curable adhesive is easily Apply adhesive treatment. Examples of the easy adhesion treatment include corona treatment and plasma treatment.
- the active energy ray-curable adhesive is applied to at least one of the adhesive surfaces of the polarizer and the optical film.
- the application method is not particularly limited. For example, various wet coating methods such as a doctor blade, a wire bar, a die coater, a comma coater, and a gravure coater can be used.
- various wet coating methods such as a doctor blade, a wire bar, a die coater, a comma coater, and a gravure coater can be used.
- the method of pressing with a roller etc. and spreading uniformly can also be utilized.
- Bonding process After apply
- this bonding step for example, when an active energy ray-curable adhesive is applied to the surface of the polarizer in the previous application step, an optical film is superimposed thereon.
- a polarizer is superimposed thereon.
- an active energy ray-curable adhesive is cast between the polarizer and the optical film, the polarizer and the optical film are superposed in that state.
- both sides When an optical film and a protective film are bonded to both sides of a polarizer, and both sides use an active energy ray-curable adhesive, the optical film is attached to each side of the polarizer via an active energy ray-curable adhesive. And a protective film is overlaid.
- both sides when the optical film is superimposed on one side of the polarizer, the polarizer side and the optical film side, and when the optical film and the protective film are superimposed on both sides of the polarizer, The pressure is sandwiched between rollers and the like from both sides of the optical film and the protective film side.
- the material of the roller metal, rubber or the like can be used.
- the rollers arranged on both sides may be made of the same material or different materials.
- an active energy ray curable adhesive is irradiated with active energy rays, and a cationic polymerizable compound (eg, epoxy compound or oxetane compound) or a radical polymerizable compound (eg, acrylate compound, acrylamide type).
- a cationic polymerizable compound eg, epoxy compound or oxetane compound
- a radical polymerizable compound eg, acrylate compound, acrylamide type
- active energy rays are applied in a state where the optical film and the protective film are superimposed on both sides of the polarizer via an active energy ray-curable adhesive, respectively. It is advantageous to irradiate and simultaneously cure the active energy ray curable adhesive on both sides.
- Visible light, ultraviolet rays, X-rays, electron beams, etc. can be used as the active energy rays applied for curing, but electron beams and ultraviolet rays are generally preferred because they are easy to handle and have a sufficient curing rate. Used.
- the acceleration voltage is preferably in the range of 5 to 300 kV, more preferably in the range of 10 to 250 kV.
- An acceleration voltage of 5 kV or more is preferable because the adhesive can be sufficiently irradiated with an electron beam and can be suitably cured.
- the acceleration voltage is 300 kV or less, it is preferable because damage to the optical film and the polarizer due to rebound of the electron beam can be prevented.
- the irradiation dose is in the range of 5 to 100 kGy, more preferably in the range of 10 to 75 kGy.
- An irradiation dose of 5 kGy or more is preferable because the adhesive can be suitably cured.
- the irradiation dose is 100 kGy or less, it is preferable because it is possible to suitably prevent a decrease in mechanical strength and yellowing by preventing damage to the optical film and the polarizer.
- Arbitrary appropriate conditions can be employ
- the dose of ultraviolet rays in the range of 50 ⁇ 1500mJ / cm 2 in accumulated light amount, and even more preferably in the range of within the range of 100 ⁇ 500mJ / cm 2.
- the line speed depends on the curing time of the adhesive, but is preferably in the range of 1 to 500 m / min, more preferably 5 to 300 m / min, and still more preferably 10 to 100 m. / Min.
- productivity can be improved, or a polarizing plate that can withstand a durability test or the like can be manufactured with little damage to the optical film.
- the line speed is set to 300 m / min or less, the adhesive is sufficiently cured, and the desired adhesiveness is easily obtained.
- the thickness of the adhesive layer is not particularly limited, but is usually in the range of 0.01 to 10 ⁇ m, and preferably in the range of 0.5 to 5 ⁇ m.
- VA type liquid crystal display Since the polarizing plate of the present invention has a high retardation value, it can be suitably used for a VA liquid crystal display device as an optical compensation film (optical film) that expands the viewing angle. Since the VA liquid crystal display device using the polarizing plate of the present invention uses an optical film having low moisture permeability, display unevenness of the liquid crystal display device due to water content is difficult to occur.
- the VA liquid crystal display device has a configuration in which the polarizing plate according to the present invention is provided on at least one side of the liquid crystal cell.
- the glass used for the panel of the VA liquid crystal display device preferably has a thickness in the range of 0.3 to 0.7 mm, and more preferably in the range of 0.3 to 0.5 mm. Since the polarizing plate of the present invention is not easily deformed, it is preferably used particularly when the glass thickness is small.
- Bonding between the surface of the polarizing plate on the optical film side of the present invention and at least one surface of the liquid crystal cell can be performed by a known method. Depending on the case, it may be bonded through an adhesive layer.
- the liquid crystal display device is excellent in durability (moisture and heat resistance) and has a retardation variation even in a liquid crystal display device having a large screen of 30 type or more. It is possible to obtain a liquid crystal display device that is suppressed and has excellent visibility without unevenness of the liquid crystal display device.
- Fine particle addition liquid 1 The fine particle dispersion 1 was slowly added to the dissolution tank containing methylene chloride with sufficient stirring. Further, the particles were dispersed by an attritor so that the secondary particles had a predetermined particle size. This was filtered through Finemet NF manufactured by Nippon Seisen Co., Ltd. to prepare a fine particle additive solution 1.
- a dope solution having the following composition was prepared. First, methylene chloride and ethanol were added to the pressure dissolution tank. A cellulose acetate having an acetyl substitution degree of 2.9 and ethyl cellulose having an ethoxyl substitution degree of 2.3 were added to a pressure dissolution tank containing a solvent while stirring, and then a fine particle additive solution was added. This was heated and stirred to dissolve completely, and this was dissolved in Azumi Filter Paper No. A dope solution was prepared by filtration using 244.
- the above dope solution was put into a sealed main dissolution vessel and dissolved while stirring to prepare a dope solution.
- the dope solution prepared above was uniformly cast (cast) on a stainless steel belt support, and the solvent was evaporated until the residual solvent amount in the film reached 75% by mass. Subsequently, it peeled from the stainless steel belt support body with peeling tension 130N / m. The peeled retardation film was stretched 30% (1.3 times) in the width direction using a tenter while applying heat at 160 ° C. The residual solvent at the start of stretching was 15% by mass.
- drying was completed while the drying zone was conveyed by a number of rolls.
- the drying temperature was 130 ° C. and the transport tension was 100 N / m.
- an optical film having a dry film thickness of 30 ⁇ m was obtained.
- Example 1 An optical film was produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the addition amounts of cellulose acetate and ethyl cellulose were changed to 55 parts by mass and 45 parts by mass, respectively.
- Example 2 An optical film was produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the addition amounts of cellulose acetate and ethyl cellulose were changed to 60 parts by mass and 40 parts by mass, respectively.
- Example 3 An optical film was produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the addition amounts of cellulose acetate and ethyl cellulose were changed to 65 parts by mass and 35 parts by mass, respectively.
- Example 4 An optical film was produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the addition amounts of cellulose acetate and ethyl cellulose were changed to 80 parts by mass and 20 parts by mass, respectively.
- Example 5 An optical film was produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the addition amounts of cellulose acetate and ethyl cellulose were changed to 95 parts by mass and 5 parts by mass, respectively.
- Example 6 An optical film was produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the addition amounts of cellulose acetate and ethyl cellulose were changed to 99 parts by mass and 1 part by mass, respectively.
- Comparative Example 2 An optical film was produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the amount of cellulose acetate added was 100 parts by mass and no ethyl cellulose was added.
- Comparative Example 3 An optical film was produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that polyester plasticizer PE1 (15.0 parts by mass) was further added.
- the composition of PE1 is as follows.
- Example 7 An optical film was produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 3 except that the addition amounts of cellulose acetate and ethyl cellulose were changed to 55 parts by mass and 45 parts by mass, respectively.
- Example 8 An optical film was produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 3 except that the addition amounts of cellulose acetate and ethyl cellulose were changed to 60 parts by mass and 40 parts by mass, respectively.
- Example 9 An optical film was produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 3 except that the addition amounts of cellulose acetate and ethyl cellulose were changed to 80 parts by mass and 20 parts by mass, respectively.
- Example 10 An optical film was produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 3 except that the addition amounts of cellulose acetate and ethyl cellulose were changed to 95 parts by mass and 5 parts by mass, respectively.
- Example 11 An optical film was produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 3 except that the addition amounts of cellulose acetate and ethyl cellulose were changed to 99 parts by mass and 1 part by mass, respectively.
- Comparative Example 4 An optical film was produced in the same manner as in Comparative Example 3 except that the amount of cellulose acetate added was 100 parts by mass and no ethyl cellulose was added.
- Example 12 Example 9 was used except that cellulose acetate (acetyl group substitution degree: 2.4, number average molecular weight 56,000) was used instead of cellulose acetate (acetyl group substitution degree: 2.9). An optical film was produced in the same manner as described above.
- Example 13 Example 9 except that cellulose acetate (acetyl group substitution degree: 2.0, number average molecular weight 54,000) was used instead of cellulose acetate (acetyl group substitution degree: 2.9). An optical film was produced in the same manner as described above.
- Example 9 was used except that cellulose acetate (acetyl group substitution degree: 1.8, number average molecular weight 53,000) was used instead of cellulose acetate (acetyl group substitution degree: 2.9). An optical film was produced in the same manner as described above.
- Example 14 Instead of cellulose acetate (acetyl group substitution degree: 2.9), cellulose acetate propionate (acetyl group substitution degree: 2.4, propionyl group substitution degree: 0.5, total substitution degree: 2.9) An optical film was produced in the same manner as in Example 9 except that a number average molecular weight of 76,000) was used.
- Example 15 Instead of cellulose acetate (acetyl group substitution degree: 2.9), cellulose acetate propionate (acetyl group substitution degree: 2.0, propionyl group substitution degree: 0.9, total substitution degree: 2.9) An optical film was produced in the same manner as in Example 9 except that the number average molecular weight was 77,000).
- Example 16 Instead of cellulose acetate (acetyl group substitution degree: 2.9), cellulose acetate propionate (acetyl group substitution degree: 1.6, propionyl group substitution degree: 1.3, total substitution degree: 2.9) An optical film was produced in the same manner as in Example 9 except that the number average molecular weight was 78,000).
- Example 17 Instead of cellulose acetate (acetyl group substitution degree: 2.9), cellulose acetate propionate (acetyl group substitution degree: 1.3, propionyl group substitution degree: 1.6, total substitution degree: 2.9) An optical film was produced in the same manner as in Example 9 except that a number average molecular weight of 79,000 was used.
- Example 18 Instead of cellulose acetate (acetyl group substitution degree: 2.9), cellulose acetate butyrate (acetyl group substitution degree: 2.4, butyryl group substitution degree: 0.5, total substitution degree: 2.9, An optical film was produced in the same manner as in Example 9 except that a number average molecular weight of 76,000) was used.
- Example 19 An optical film was produced in the same manner as in Example 9 except that the addition amount of the polyester plasticizer PE1 was changed to 1 part by mass.
- Example 20 An optical film was produced in the same manner as in Example 9 except that the addition amount of the polyester plasticizer PE1 was changed to 8 parts by mass.
- Example 21 An optical film was produced in the same manner as in Example 9 except that the addition amount of the polyester plasticizer PE1 was changed to 30 parts by mass.
- Example 22 An optical film was produced in the same manner as in Example 9 except that the addition amount of the polyester plasticizer PE1 was changed to 35 parts by mass.
- Example 23 An optical film was produced in the same manner as in Example 9, except that the sugar ester plasticizer GE1 (compound number FA-6) was used instead of the polyester plasticizer PE1. did.
- Example 24 An optical film was produced in the same manner as in Example 9 except that the sugar ester plasticizer GE2 (compound number FA-7) was used instead of the polyester plasticizer PE1. did.
- Example 25 An optical film was produced in the same manner as in Example 9, except that the sugar ester plasticizer GE3 (compound number FA-8) was used instead of the polyester plasticizer PE1. did.
- Example 26 An optical film was produced in the same manner as in Example 9 except that the polyester plasticizer PE2 represented below was used instead of the polyester plasticizer PE1.
- Example 27 An optical film was produced in the same manner as in Example 9 except that a polyester plasticizer PE3 (number average molecular weight 400) represented by the following formula was used instead of the polyester plasticizer PE1.
- Example 28 An optical film was produced in the same manner as in Example 9 except that a hydrogen bonding compound represented by the following general formula was used in place of the polyester plasticizer PE1.
- Example 29 An example was used except that instead of the polyester plasticizer PE1, an acrylic copolymer of acrylic acid methyl methacrylate and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (weight average molecular weight: 8000): Ac1 was used. 9 was used to produce an optical film.
- the polyester plasticizer PE1 an acrylic copolymer of acrylic acid methyl methacrylate and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (weight average molecular weight: 8000): Ac1 was used. 9 was used to produce an optical film.
- Example 30 Example 9 except that instead of the polyester plasticizer PE1, an acrylic copolymer of methyl methacrylate and methyl acrylate acrylic copolymer (weight average molecular weight: 12000): Ac2 was used.
- the optical film was manufactured by the method.
- Example 31 An optical film was produced in the same manner as in Example 9 except that SMA base resin SMA1000 (Sartomer): St1 was used instead of the polyester plasticizer PE1.
- Example 32 An optical film was produced in the same manner as in Example 9, except that SMA base resin SMA2625 (Sartomer): St2 was used instead of the polyester plasticizer PE1.
- Example 33 In place of the polyester plasticizer PE1, except that a styrene plasticizer styrene / methyl methacrylate copolymer (weight average molecular weight: 5000, composition ratio (molar ratio): 50/50): St3 was used. An optical film was produced in the same manner as in Example 9.
- Example 34 In place of the polyester plasticizer PE1, styrene / hydroxystyrene copolymer 4 (weight average molecular weight: 5000, composition ratio (molar ratio): 50/50): St4, which is a styrene plasticizer, was used. Produced an optical film in the same manner as in Example 9.
- Example 35 An optical film was produced in the same manner as in Example 9 except that trimethylolpropane tribenzoate: Poly-Al, which is a polyhydric alcohol ester plasticizer, was used instead of the polyester plasticizer PE1. .
- Example 36 In the same manner as in Example 9, except that 1,3-butanediol 2,3 dinaphthalenedicarboxylic acid: PE4 (number average molecular weight: 400) was used in place of the polyester plasticizer PE1, A film was produced.
- PE4 number average molecular weight: 400
- Performance evaluation was performed about the optical film manufactured by the Example and the comparative example.
- nx is the refractive index in the slow axis direction in the film plane
- ny is the refractive index in the fast axis direction in the film plane
- nz is the thickness direction of the film.
- d is the film thickness (nm).
- the values of nx, ny, and nz were measured at a wavelength of 590 nm using an automatic birefringence meter KOBRA-21ADH (manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments) under the conditions of 23 ° C. and 55% RH. The value of d is measured using a micrometer.
- the tear load of the Elmendorf method was measured with a light load tear device manufactured by Toyo Seiki Co., Ltd. The tear load was measured under the conditions of 23 ° C. and 55% RH for each of the case where the film was torn in the film conveyance direction (MD direction) and the case where the film was torn in the direction perpendicular to the film conveyance direction (TD direction). went.
- the cellulose ester having the specific structure according to the present invention is excellent in water resistance while realizing a desired phase difference.
- the addition of a plasticizer tends to reduce the value of Rt humidity fluctuation.
- the value of Rt humidity fluctuation tends to be reduced.
- the amount and type of the plasticizer affects the phase difference and the Rt humidity fluctuation value.
- a polarizing plate and a liquid crystal display device were produced using the optical films produced in Examples and Comparative Examples and evaluated.
- 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4- Epoxycyclohexanecarboxylate 45 parts by weight Epolide GT-301 (alicyclic epoxy resin manufactured by Daicel Chemical Industries) 40 parts by weight 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether 15 parts by weight Triarylsulfonium hexafluorophosphate 2.3 parts by weight 9 , 10-Dibutoxyanthracene 0.1 parts by weight 1,4-diethoxynaphthalene 2.0 parts by weight Production of polarizer A 30 ⁇ m-thick polyvinyl alcohol film was swollen with water at 35 ° C.
- the obtained film was immersed in an aqueous solution consisting of 0.075 g of iodine, 5 g of potassium iodide, and 100 g of water for 60 seconds. It was then immersed in an aqueous solution at 45 ° C. consisting of 3 g potassium iodide, 7.5 g boric acid, and 100 g water.
- the obtained film was uniaxially stretched under conditions of a stretching temperature of 55 ° C. and a stretching ratio of 5 times. This uniaxially stretched film was washed with water and dried to obtain a polarizer having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m.
- a polarizing plate having the construction of the polarizing plate 101A of FIG. 2 was produced according to the following method.
- the numerical value in parentheses indicates the number of each component described in FIG.
- a KC6UA film (manufactured by Konica Minolta Co., Ltd.) was prepared as a protective film (102).
- the active energy ray-curable adhesive solution prepared above was applied to a thickness of 5 ⁇ m using a micro gravure coater (gravure roller: # 300, rotational speed 140% / line speed), and the cationic polymerization type.
- An adhesive (103A) was formed.
- the cationic polymerization type adhesive (103B) is formed by applying the prepared cationic polymerization type adhesive liquid to the optical film (105) of Example 9 so as to have a thickness of 5 ⁇ m in the same manner as described above. did.
- the polyvinyl alcohol-iodine polarizer (104) prepared above is placed and bonded by a roller machine, and the protective film 1 (102)
- a laminate in which / cationic polymerization type adhesive (103A) / polarizer (104) / cationic polymerization type adhesive (103B) / optical film (105) was laminated was obtained.
- the optical film (105) was bonded by a roller machine so that the slow axis of the optical film (105) and the absorption axis of the polarizer (104) were orthogonal to each other.
- a polarizing plate (101A) was produced by irradiating an electron beam from both sides of the laminate.
- the line speed was 20 m / min
- the acceleration voltage was 250 kV
- the irradiation dose was 20 kGy.
- a polarizing plate having the configuration of the polarizing plate 101A of FIG. 2 was produced.
- the numerical value in parentheses indicates the number of each component described in FIG.
- the optical film (105) As the optical film (105), the optical film produced in Example 9 was used, and the radical polymerization type adhesive liquid prepared above was used using a micro gravure coater (gravure roll: # 300 rotational speed 140% / line speed). Then, the coating was applied to a thickness of 5 ⁇ m to form a photocurable resin layer (103B).
- a micro gravure coater gravure roll: # 300 rotational speed 140% / line speed
- a photocurable resin layer (103A) was formed.
- the polyvinyl alcohol-iodine polarizer (104) produced in Production Example 1 is placed and bonded by a roll machine, and the protective film (102) A laminate in which / photocurable resin layer (103A) / polarizer (104) / photocurable resin layer (103B) / optical film (105) was laminated was obtained. Under the present circumstances, it bonded by the roll machine so that the slow axis of an optical film (105) and the absorption axis of a polarizer (104) might become mutually orthogonal.
- An electron beam was irradiated from both sides of the laminate under the conditions of a line speed of 20 m / min, an acceleration voltage of 250 kV, and an irradiation dose of 20 kGy to produce a polarizing plate (101A).
- a liquid crystal display device was produced in the same manner as in Production Example 1.
- the PVA film was immersed in water at a temperature of 30 ° C. for 30 seconds and pre-swelled.
- the PVA film was swollen by immersing in an aqueous solution at 35 ° C. containing iodine and potassium iodide at concentrations of 0.4 g / L and 40 g / L for 3 minutes, respectively.
- uniaxial stretching was performed 6 times in a 50 ° C. aqueous solution with a boric acid concentration of 4 mass% under the condition that the tension applied to the film was 700 N /.
- fixation was performed by immersing in a 30 ° C.
- aqueous solution containing potassium iodide, boric acid, and zinc chloride at concentrations of 40 g / L, 40 g / L, and 10 g / L for 5 minutes, respectively.
- the PVA film was taken out, dried with hot air at 40 ° C., and further heat-treated at a temperature of 100 ° C. for 5 minutes.
- the obtained polarizer had an average thickness of 25 ⁇ m.
- the transmittance was 43.0%
- the degree of polarization was 99.5%
- the dichroic ratio was 40.1.
- the optical film produced in Example 9 as an optical film and a Konica Minolta Tack KC6UA film (manufactured by Konica Minolta Co., Ltd.) which is a triacetyl cellulose film as a protective film were bonded to the polarizer. .
- Step a The polarizer prepared above was immersed in a storage tank of a polyvinyl alcohol adhesive solution having a solid content of 2% by mass for 1 to 2 seconds.
- Step b The KC6UA film as the protective film and the optical film of Example 9 were immersed in a 1.5 mol / L KOH aqueous solution at 50 ° C. for 45 seconds for alkali saponification treatment, and then immersed in water at 30 ° C. for 60 seconds to be washed with water. .
- neutralization was performed by immersing a 10% by mass HCl aqueous solution at 30 ° C. for 45 seconds, and immersing in water at 30 ° C. for 60 seconds to wash with water. Thereafter, the film was dried at 100 ° C.
- the excess adhesive adhering to the polarizer immersed in the polyvinyl alcohol adhesive solution in the step a was lightly removed, and the KC4UY film and the optical film 105 were sandwiched between the polarizers and laminated. That is, the protective film (102) / polyvinyl alcohol adhesive (103A) / polarizer (104) / polyvinyl alcohol adhesive (103B) / optical film (105) are laminated, and the structure of the polarizing plate 101A in FIG. A laminate was obtained.
- Process c The laminate was laminated at a speed of about 2 m / min at a pressure of 20 to 30 N / cm 2 with two rotating rollers. At this time, it was carried out with care to prevent bubbles from entering.
- Step d The sample prepared in the above step c was dried in an oven at 80 ° C. for 5 minutes to prepare a polarizing plate having the configuration of the polarizing plate 101A in FIG.
- a liquid crystal display device was produced in the same manner as in Production Example 1.
- the liquid crystal display device was laid and placed on a table or the like, and Bencot (manufactured by Asahi Kasei Fibers Co., Ltd.) was placed on a part of the polarizing plate for evaluation to contain water.
- Bencot manufactured by Asahi Kasei Fibers Co., Ltd.
- the bencot was covered with 100 ⁇ m PET so as not to dry, a black display signal was input to the TV from the PC, and the TV was turned on for 24 hours (room temperature: 23 ° C., panel temperature: 38 ° C.). After 24 hours, the becot was removed.
- L * of the part where there was a becot was measured by EZ contrast (ELDIM) as L * of the water immersion part.
- the L * of the part without Bencott was measured by EZ contrast as L * of the non-immersed part.
- the measurement with EZ contrast was performed in the color mode with the TV displayed in black.
- the condition of water immersion was that the panel was turned on and was left to stand for 24 hours in a state in which Bencot was sufficiently immersed in water.
- L * of the obtained water-immersed part was divided by L * of the non-immersed part to calculate L * of the water-immersed part / L * of the non-immersed part.
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Abstract
Description
2.前記セルロースエステルおよびセルロースエーテルの混合比(セルロースエステル:セルロースエーテル)が95.0:5.0~60.0:40.0(質量比)である、1に記載の光学フィルム;
3.前記セルロースエステルが、下記式(5):
4.セルロースエステルおよびセルロースエーテルの合計100質量部に対して、1.0~30.0質量部の可塑剤をさらに含む、1~3のいずれか1つに記載の光学フィルム;
5.前記可塑剤が、炭水化物誘導体、ポリエステル化合物、および負の複屈折を有する樹脂からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つである、4に記載の光学フィルム;
6.水素結合性化合物をさらに含む、1~5のいずれか1つに記載の光学フィルム;
7.1~6のいずれか1つに記載の光学フィルムと、偏光子と、を含み、前記光学フィルムおよび前記偏光子が、活性エネルギー線硬化性接着剤で接着されてなる、偏光板;
8.7に記載の偏光板が、少なくとも液晶セルの片面に具備されてなる、VA型液晶表示装置。
光学フィルムは、光学補償機能を有する。これにより、光学フィルムを液晶表示装置に使用した場合、広視野角等を実現することができる。なお、本明細書において「光学フィルム」とは、面内方向と厚み方向とで屈折率が異なるフィルムを意味する。
セルロースエステルとは、セルロースのC2位、C3位、およびC6位に水酸基の水素原子の少なくとも1つがアシル基で置換されたものである。
本形態で用いるセルロースエーテルはセルロースの水酸基が炭素数4以下のアルコキシル基で置換されたものであることが好ましい。具体的にはセルロースの水酸基がメトキシル基、エトキシル基、プロポキシル基、ブトキシル基のいずれかまたは複数のアルコキシル基によって置換されている。特に、メトキシル基とエトキシル基の単独あるいは複数のアルコキシル基によって置換されたものが好ましく、その中でもエトキシル置換度が2.0~2.8を満たすエチルセルロースを好適に用いることができる。
本形態に係る光学フィルムには、必要に応じて適宜種々の添加剤が含有されていてもよい。当該添加剤としては、特に制限されないが、可塑剤、水素結合性化合物、紫外線吸収剤、マット剤、アクリル粒子、イオン性界面活性剤等が挙げられる。
可塑剤は、光学フィルムに柔軟性、耐水性等の性能を付与する機能を有する。また、溶融温度や粘度を低下させる機能を有し、これにより、高い生産性で光学フィルムを製造することができる。
炭水化物誘導体は、可塑剤としての機能とともに、セルロースエステルの加水分解を防止する機能を有する。
ポリエステル化合物としては、特に制限されないが、下記一般式(FB-1)で表されるポリエステル化合物を用いることが好ましい。
負の複屈折を有する樹脂は、可塑剤としての機能とともに、光学フィルムに耐水性を付与する機能を有する。
上述の可塑剤、すなわち、炭水化物誘導体、ポリエステル化合物、負の複屈折を有する樹脂以外にも、本形態に係る光学フィルムは、適宜他の可塑剤を含んでいてもよい。
水素結合性化合物は、湿度の変化に対するレターデーション値Rtの変動を低減する機能を有する。本発明の一実施形態において、光学フィルムは、水素結合性化合物を含むことが好ましい。
で表される2価の連結基からなる群から選択される連結基を表す。
紫外線吸収剤は、紫外線を吸収する機能を有する。光学フィルムが紫外線を吸収する機能を有することにより、当該光学フィルムを用いた偏光板の視認側やバックライト側に好適に用いられうる。
マット剤は、光学フィルムの滑り性を付与する機能を有する。マット剤は、通常、微粒子の形状を有する。
イオン性界面活性剤は、製膜により製造した光学フィルムの剥離力を低下させる機能を有する。
一実施形態において、光学フィルムは、公知の方法によって製造することができる。当該製造方法としては、インフレーション法、T-ダイ法、カレンダー法、切削法、エマルジョン法、ホットプレス法、溶液流延法、溶融流延法等が挙げられる。これらのうち、着色抑制、異物欠点の抑制、ダイラインなどの光学欠点の抑制などの観点から、前記製造方法は、溶液流延法、溶融流延法であることが好ましく、より均一な表面を得る観点から、溶液流延法であることがより好ましい。
溶液流涎法により製膜する場合、本形態に係る光学フィルムの製造方法は、セルロースエステル、セルロースエーテル、および必要に応じて上述した添加剤を溶媒に溶解させてドープを調製する工程(溶解工程;ドープ調製工程)、ドープを無限に移行する無端の金属支持体上に流延する工程(流延工程)、流延したドープをウェブとして乾燥する工程(溶媒蒸発工程)、金属支持体から剥離する工程(剥離工程)、乾燥および/または延伸する工程(乾燥および延伸工程)、仕上がったフィルムを巻取る工程(巻き取り工程)を含むことが好ましい。
本工程は、セルロースエステルおよびセルロースエーテルに対する良溶媒を主とする有機溶媒に、溶解釜中でセルロースエステル、セルロースエーテル、および任意のその他の添加剤等を撹拌しながら溶解し、ドープを調製する工程である。前記ドープは、セルロースエステル溶液に、セルロースエーテル、および任意のその他の添加剤を含む溶液を投入することにより調製してもよい。
本工程では、ドープを金属支持体上に流延(キャスト)する。すなわち、本工程は、ドープを、送液ポンプ(例えば、加圧型定量ギヤポンプ)を通して加圧ダイ30に送液し、無限に移送する無端の金属ベルト31、例えばステンレスベルト、あるいは回転する金属ドラム等の金属支持体上の流延位置に、加圧ダイスリットからドープを流延する工程である。
本工程は、ウェブ(流延用支持体上にドープを流延し、形成されたドープ膜をウェブと称する)を流延用支持体31上で加熱し、溶媒を蒸発させる工程である。
次いで、ウェブを金属支持体31から剥離する。すなわち、本工程は金属支持体上で溶媒が蒸発したウェブを、剥離位置33で剥離する工程である。剥離されたウェブは次工程に送られる。
剥離後、ウェブを乾燥装置内に複数配置したローラに交互に通して搬送する乾燥装置35、および/またはクリップでウェブの両端をクリップして搬送するテンター延伸装置34を用いて、ウェブを乾燥する。
・幅手方向に延伸→幅手方向に延伸→流延方向に延伸→流延方向に延伸
また、同時二軸延伸には、一方向に延伸し、もう一方を、張力を緩和して収縮させる場合も含まれる。
最後に、得られたウェブ(仕上がったフィルム)を巻取ることにより、光学フィルムが得られる。より具体的には、本工程は、ウェブ中の残留溶媒量が2質量%以下となった後、光学フィルムとして巻き取り機37により巻き取る工程である。前記巻き取りは、残留溶媒量を好ましくは0.4質量%以下、より好ましくは0.00~0.10質量%とすることにより、寸法安定性の良好な光学フィルムを得ることができる。
溶融流延法とは、セルロースエステル、セルロースエーテル、および上述した添加剤を含む組成物を、流動性を示す温度まで加熱溶融し、当該溶融物を流延する方法をいう。
上述の光学フィルムを具備する偏光板および液晶表示装置の構成について、図面を参照して説明する。
本形態に係る偏光板は、光学フィルムと、偏光子と、接着剤と、を含む。この際、前記光学フィルムおよび偏光子は、接着剤で接着される。
光学フィルムとしては、上述したものが用いられうることから、ここでは説明を省略する。
接着剤としては、特に制限されず、公知のものが使用されうる。具体例としては、活性エネルギー線硬化性接着剤、ウレタン系粘着剤、エポキシ系粘着剤、水性高分子-イソシアネート系粘着剤、熱硬化型アクリル粘着剤等の硬化型粘着剤、湿気硬化ウレタン粘着剤、ポリエーテルメタクリレート型、エステル系メタクリレート型、酸化型ポリエーテルメタクリレート等の嫌気性粘着剤、シアノアクリレート系の瞬間粘着剤、アクリレートとペルオキシド系の2液型瞬間粘着剤、ポリビニルアルコール系接着剤等が挙げられる。上記接着剤としては、有機溶剤を媒体とする溶剤系であってもよいし、水を主成分とする媒体であるエマルジョン型、コロイド分散液型、水溶液型等の水系であってもよいし、無溶剤型であってもよい。接着剤液の濃度は、接着後の膜厚、塗布方法、塗布条件等により適宜決定されれば良く、通常は0.1~50質量%である。
偏光板の主たる構成要素である偏光子は、一定方向の偏波面の光だけを通す素子であり、現在知られている代表的な偏光子は、ポリビニルアルコール系偏光フィルムである。ポリビニルアルコール系偏光フィルムには、ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムにヨウ素を染色させたものと、二色性染料を染色させたものとがある。
本形態の偏光板においては、必要に応じて、図2に示すように、第一実施形態の光学フィルムが配置されている面とは反対側の偏光子面に、更に活性エネルギー線硬化性接着剤を介して保護フィルム102が積層されていることが好ましい。
偏光板は、活性エネルギー線硬化性接着剤を用いて、偏光子の一方の面に、第一実施形態の光学フィルムを貼り合せることにより製造することができる。光学フィルムの両面で接着性が異なる場合は、接着性の良いほうに貼り合わせるのが好ましい。
前処理工程では、偏光子と接着する光学フィルムの表面が易接着処理される。偏光子の両面にそれぞれ光学フィルムおよび保護フィルムが接着される場合は、光学フィルムおよび保護フィルムのそれぞれに対し易接着処理が行われる。次の接着剤塗布工程では、易接着処理された表面が偏光子との貼合面として扱われるので、光学フィルムの両表面のうち、活性エネルギー線硬化性接着剤と貼合する面に、易接着処理を施す。易接着処理としては、コロナ処理、プラズマ処理等が挙げられる。
接着剤塗布工程では、偏光子と光学フィルムとの接着面のうち少なくとも一方に、上記活性エネルギー線硬化性接着剤が塗布される。偏光子または光学フィルムの表面に直接、活性エネルギー線硬化性接着剤を塗布する場合、その塗布方法に特別な限定はない。例えば、ドクターブレード、ワイヤーバー、ダイコーター、カンマコーター、グラビアコーター等、種々の湿式塗布方式が利用できる。また、偏光子と光学フィルムの間に、活性エネルギー線硬化性接着剤を流延させたのち、ローラ等で加圧して均一に押し広げる方法も利用できる。
上記の方法により活性エネルギー線硬化性接着剤を塗布した後は、貼合工程で処理される。この貼合工程では、例えば、先の塗布工程で偏光子の表面に活性エネルギー線硬化性接着剤を塗布した場合、そこに光学フィルムが重ね合わされる。先の塗布工程で光学フィルムの表面に活性エネルギー線硬化性接着剤を塗布した場合は、そこに偏光子が重ね合わされる。また、偏光子と光学フィルムの間に活性エネルギー線硬化性接着剤を流延させた場合は、その状態で偏光子と光学フィルムとが重ね合わされる。偏光子の両面に光学フィルムおよび保護フィルムを接着する場合であって、両面とも活性エネルギー線硬化性接着剤用いる場合は、偏光子の両面にそれぞれ、活性エネルギー線硬化性接着剤を介して光学フィルムおよび保護フィルムが重ね合わされる。そして通常は、この状態で両面(偏光子の片面に光学フィルムを重ね合わせた場合は、偏光子側と光学フィルム側、また偏光子の両面に光学フィルムおよび保護フィルムを重ね合わせた場合は、その両面の光学フィルムおよび保護フィルム側)からローラ等で挟んで加圧することになる。ローラの材質は、金属やゴム等を用いることが可能である。両面に配置されるローラは、同じ材質であってもよいし、異なる材質であってもよい。
硬化工程では、未硬化の活性エネルギー線硬化性接着剤に活性エネルギー線を照射して、カチオン重合性化合物(例えば、エポキシ化合物やオキセタン化合物)やラジカル重合性化合物(例えば、アクリレート系化合物、アクリルアミド系化合物等)を含む活性エネルギー線硬化性接着剤を硬化させ、活性エネルギー線硬化性接着剤を介して重ね合わせた偏光子と光学フィルム、あるいは偏光子と光学フィルムとを接着させる。偏光子の片面に光学フィルムを貼合する場合、活性エネルギー線は、偏光子側または光学フィルム側のいずれから照射してもよい。また、偏光子の両面に光学フィルムおよび保護フィルムを貼合する場合、偏光子の両面にそれぞれ活性エネルギー線硬化性接着剤を介して光学フィルムおよび保護フィルムを重ね合わせた状態で、活性エネルギー線を照射し、両面の活性エネルギー線硬化性接着剤を同時に硬化させるのが有利である。
本発明の偏光板は、高いレターデーション値を有することから、視野角を拡大する光学補償フィルム(光学フィルム)として、VA型液晶表示装置に好適に用いることができる。本発明の偏光板が用いられたVA型液晶表示装置は、透湿度の低い光学フィルムが用いられていることから、含水による液晶表示装置の表示ムラが発生しづらい。
〈微粒子分散液1〉
微粒子(マット剤)(アエロジル R812、日本アエロジル(株)製)11重量部
エタノール 89重量部
以上をディゾルバーで50分間攪拌混合した後、マントンゴーリンで分散を行った。
メチレンクロライドを入れた溶解タンクに十分攪拌しながら、微粒子分散液1をゆっくりと添加した。更に、二次粒子の粒径が所定の大きさとなるようにアトライターにて分散を行った。これを日本精線(株)製のファインメットNFで濾過し、微粒子添加液1を調製した。
微粒子分散液1 5重量部
下記組成のドープ液を調製した。まず加圧溶解タンクにメチレンクロライドとエタノールを添加した。溶媒の入った加圧溶解タンクにアセチル置換度2.9のセルロースアセテートとエトキシル置換度2.3のエチルセルロースを攪拌しながら投入した後、微粒子添加液を添加した。これを加熱し、攪拌しながら、完全に溶解し、これを安積濾紙(株)製の安積濾紙No.244を使用して濾過し、ドープ液を調製した。
メチレンクロライド 370重量部
エタノール 35重量部
セルロースアセテート(アセチル基置換度2.9、数平均分子量7.5万)50重量部
エチルセルロース(エトキシル置換度2.3、数平均分子量6.1万) 50重量部
微粒子添加液1 1重量部
上記ドープ液を密閉されている主溶解釜に投入し、攪拌しながら溶解してドープ液を調製した。
セルロースアセテートおよびエチルセルロースの添加量を、それぞれ55質量部および45質量部に変更したことを除いては、比較例1と同様の方法で光学フィルムを製造した。
セルロースアセテートおよびエチルセルロースの添加量を、それぞれ60質量部および40質量部に変更したことを除いては、比較例1と同様の方法で光学フィルムを製造した。
セルロースアセテートおよびエチルセルロースの添加量を、それぞれ65質量部および35質量部に変更したことを除いては、比較例1と同様の方法で光学フィルムを製造した。
セルロースアセテートおよびエチルセルロースの添加量を、それぞれ80質量部および20質量部に変更したことを除いては、比較例1と同様の方法で光学フィルムを製造した。
セルロースアセテートおよびエチルセルロースの添加量を、それぞれ95質量部および5質量部に変更したことを除いては、比較例1と同様の方法で光学フィルムを製造した。
セルロースアセテートおよびエチルセルロースの添加量を、それぞれ99質量部および1質量部に変更したことを除いては、比較例1と同様の方法で光学フィルムを製造した。
セルロースアセテートの添加量を100質量部とし、エチルセルロースを添加しなかったことを除いては、比較例1と同様の方法で光学フィルムを製造した。
ポリエステル系可塑剤PE1(15.0質量部)をさらに添加したこと以外は、比較例1と同様の方法で光学フィルムを製造した。PE1の組成は下記のとおりである。
セルロースアセテートおよびエチルセルロースの添加量を、それぞれ55質量部および45質量部に変更したことを除いては、比較例3と同様の方法で光学フィルムを製造した。
セルロースアセテートおよびエチルセルロースの添加量を、それぞれ60質量部および40質量部に変更したことを除いては、比較例3と同様の方法で光学フィルムを製造した。
セルロースアセテートおよびエチルセルロースの添加量を、それぞれ80質量部および20質量部に変更したことを除いては、比較例3と同様の方法で光学フィルムを製造した。
セルロースアセテートおよびエチルセルロースの添加量を、それぞれ95質量部および5質量部に変更したことを除いては、比較例3と同様の方法で光学フィルムを製造した。
セルロースアセテートおよびエチルセルロースの添加量を、それぞれ99質量部および1質量部に変更したことを除いては、比較例3と同様の方法で光学フィルムを製造した。
セルロースアセテートの添加量を100質量部とし、エチルセルロースを添加しなかったことを除いては、比較例3と同様の方法で光学フィルムを製造した。
セルロースアセテート(アセチル基の置換度:2.9)に代えて、セルロースアセテート(アセチル基の置換度:2.4、数平均分子量5.6万)を使用したことを除いては、実施例9と同様の方法で光学フィルムを製造した。
セルロースアセテート(アセチル基の置換度:2.9)に代えて、セルロースアセテート(アセチル基の置換度:2.0、数平均分子量5.4万)を使用したことを除いては、実施例9と同様の方法で光学フィルムを製造した。
セルロースアセテート(アセチル基の置換度:2.9)に代えて、セルロースアセテート(アセチル基の置換度:1.8、数平均分子量5.3万)を使用したことを除いては、実施例9と同様の方法で光学フィルムを製造した。
セルロースアセテート(アセチル基の置換度:2.9)に代えて、セルロースアセテートプロピオネート(アセチル基の置換度:2.4、プロピオニル基の置換度:0.5、総置換度:2.9、数平均分子量7.6万)を使用したことを除いては、実施例9と同様の方法で光学フィルムを製造した。
セルロースアセテート(アセチル基の置換度:2.9)に代えて、セルロースアセテートプロピオネート(アセチル基の置換度:2.0、プロピオニル基の置換度:0.9、総置換度:2.9、数平均分子量7.7万)を使用したことを除いては、実施例9と同様の方法で光学フィルムを製造した。
セルロースアセテート(アセチル基の置換度:2.9)に代えて、セルロースアセテートプロピオネート(アセチル基の置換度:1.6、プロピオニル基の置換度:1.3、総置換度:2.9、数平均分子量7.8万)を使用したことを除いては、実施例9と同様の方法で光学フィルムを製造した。
セルロースアセテート(アセチル基の置換度:2.9)に代えて、セルロースアセテートプロピオネート(アセチル基の置換度:1.3、プロピオニル基の置換度:1.6、総置換度:2.9、数平均分子量7.9万)を使用したことを除いては、実施例9と同様の方法で光学フィルムを製造した。
セルロースアセテート(アセチル基の置換度:2.9)に代えて、セルロースアセテートプロピオネート(アセチル基の置換度:0.4、プロピオニル基の置換度:2.5、総置換度:2.9、数平均分子量8.0万)を使用したことを除いては、実施例9と同様の方法で光学フィルムを製造した。
セルロースアセテート(アセチル基の置換度:2.9)に代えて、セルロースアセテートブチレート(アセチル基の置換度:2.4、ブチリル基の置換度:0.5、総置換度:2.9、数平均分子量7.6万)を使用したことを除いては、実施例9と同様の方法で光学フィルムを製造した。
ポリエステル系可塑剤PE1の添加量を1質量部に変更したことを除いては、実施例9と同様の方法で光学フィルムを製造した。
ポリエステル系可塑剤PE1の添加量を8質量部に変更したことを除いては、実施例9と同様の方法で光学フィルムを製造した。
ポリエステル系可塑剤PE1の添加量を30質量部に変更したことを除いては、実施例9と同様の方法で光学フィルムを製造した。
ポリエステル系可塑剤PE1の添加量を35質量部に変更したことを除いては、実施例9と同様の方法で光学フィルムを製造した。
ポリエステル系可塑剤PE1に代えて、下記式で表される糖エステル系可塑剤GE1(上記化合物番号FA-6)を使用したことを除いては、実施例9と同様の方法で光学フィルムを製造した。
ポリエステル系可塑剤PE1に代えて、下記式で表される糖エステル系可塑剤GE2(上記化合物番号FA-7)を使用したことを除いては、実施例9と同様の方法で光学フィルムを製造した。
ポリエステル系可塑剤PE1に代えて、下記式で表される糖エステル系可塑剤GE3(上記化合物番号FA-8)を使用したことを除いては、実施例9と同様の方法で光学フィルムを製造した。
ポリエステル系可塑剤PE1に代えて、下記で表されるポリエステル系可塑剤PE2を使用したことを除いては、実施例9と同様の方法で光学フィルムを製造した。
ポリエステル系可塑剤PE1に代えて、下記式で表されるポリエステル系可塑剤PE3(数平均分子量400)を使用したことを除いては、実施例9と同様の方法で光学フィルムを製造した。
ポリエステル系可塑剤PE1に代えて、下記一般式で表される水素結合性化合物を使用したことを除いては、実施例9と同様の方法で光学フィルムを製造した。
ポリエステル系可塑剤PE1に代えて、アクリル系可塑剤であるメタクリル酸メチルと2-ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレートとのアクリル共重合体(重量平均分子量:8000):Ac1を使用したことを除いては、実施例9と同様の方法で光学フィルムを製造した。
ポリエステル系可塑剤PE1に代えて、アクリル系可塑剤であるメタクリル酸メチルとアクリル酸メチルのアクリル共重合体(重量平均分子量:12000):Ac2を使用したことを除いては、実施例9と同様の方法で光学フィルムを製造した。
ポリエステル系可塑剤PE1に代えて、スチレン系可塑剤であるSMAベースレジンSMA1000(Sartomer社製):St1を使用したことを除いては、実施例9と同様の方法で光学フィルムを製造した。
ポリエステル系可塑剤PE1に代えて、スチレン系可塑剤であるSMAベースレジンSMA2625(Sartomer社製):St2を使用したことを除いては、実施例9と同様の方法で光学フィルムを製造した。
ポリエステル系可塑剤PE1に代えて、スチレン系可塑剤であるスチレン/メチルメタクリレート共重合体(重量平均分子量:5000、組成比(モル比):50/50):St3を使用したことを除いては、実施例9と同様の方法で光学フィルムを製造した。
ポリエステル系可塑剤PE1に代えて、スチレン系可塑剤であるスチレン/ヒドロキシスチレン共重合体4(重量平均分子量:5000、組成比(モル比):50/50):St4を使用したことを除いては、実施例9と同様の方法で光学フィルムを製造した。
ポリエステル系可塑剤PE1に代えて、多価アルコールエステル系可塑剤であるトリメチロールプロパントリベンゾアート:Poly-Alを使用したことを除いては、実施例9と同様の方法で光学フィルムを製造した。
ポリエステル系可塑剤PE1に代えて、2,3-ジナフタレンジカルボン酸1,3-ブタンジオール:PE4(数平均分子量:400)を使用したことを除いては、実施例9と同様の方法で光学フィルムを製造した。
実施例および比較例で製造した光学フィルムについて、性能評価を行った。
光学フィルムの10カ所において3次元方向の屈折率を測定した。そして、下記式(3)および(4)より得られた面内レターデーションの平均値(Ro)、厚み方向のレターデーションの平均値(Rt)を求めた。
光学フィルムを23℃、20%RHの環境下で5時間静置し、同環境で上記方法によりRt(Rt1)を測定した。次いで、光学フィルムを23℃、80%RHの環境下で5時間静置し、同環境で上記方法によりRt(Rt2)を測定した。そして、23℃、55%RHの環境下で5時間静置し、同環境で上記方法によりRt(Rt3)を測定した。この際、湿度による変動が可逆変動であることを確認した。
JIS K 7128-1991に準拠して、エレメンドルフ法の引き裂き荷重を、東洋精機(株)製の軽荷重引き裂き装置で測定した。引き裂き荷重の測定は、フィルムの搬送方向(MD方向)に引き裂いた場合と、フィルムの搬送方向と直交する方向(TD方向)に引き裂いた場合のそれぞれについて、23℃、55%RHの条件下で行った。
(偏光板の作製)
<活性エネルギー線硬化性接着剤:カチオン重合型接着剤(表中、カチオン重合型と記載)の使用>
カチオン重合型接着剤の調製
下記の各成分を混合した後、脱泡して、活性エネルギー線硬化性接着剤液を調製した。なお、トリアリールスルホニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェートは、50%プロピレンカーボネート溶液として配合し、下記にはトリアリールスルホニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェートの固形分量を表示した。
エポキシシクロヘキサンカルボキシレート 45重量部
エポリードGT-301(ダイセル化学社製の脂環式エポキシ樹脂) 40重量部
1,4-ブタンジオールジグリシジルエーテル 15重量部
トリアリールスルホニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート 2.3重量部
9,10-ジブトキシアントラセン 0.1重量部
1,4-ジエトキシナフタレン 2.0重量部
偏光子の作製
厚さ30μmのポリビニルアルコールフィルムを35℃の水で膨潤させた。得られたフィルムを、0.075gのヨウ素、5gのヨウ化カリウム、および100gの水からなる水溶液に60秒間浸漬した。次いで、3gのヨウ化カリウム、7.5gのホウ酸、および100gの水からなる45℃の水溶液に浸漬した。得られたフィルムを、延伸温度55℃、延伸倍率5倍の条件で一軸延伸した。この一軸延伸フィルムを、水洗した後、乾燥させて、厚さ10μmの偏光子を得た。
下記の方法に従って、図2の偏光板101Aの構成からなる偏光板を作製した。カッコ内の数値は、図2に記載した各構成要素の番号を示す。
市販のVA型液晶表示装置(40型ディスプレイKLV-40J3000、ソニー株式会社製)を用い、液晶セルの両面に貼合されていた偏光板を剥離し、上記で作製した偏光板を、図2で示すように液晶セルの両面に貼合して液晶表示装置を作製した。この際、偏光板の吸収軸の向きはあらかじめ貼合されていた偏光板と同じ向きに調整した。
実施例12、23、28、および比較例6で製造した光学フィルムを使用して、製造例1と同様の方法で偏光板および液晶表示装置を作製した。
(偏光板の作製)
<活性エネルギー線硬化性接着剤:ラジカル重合型接着剤(表中、ラジカル重合型と記載)の使用>
N-ヒドロキシエチルアクリルアミド100質量部に、光重合開始剤(BASFジャパン(株)製;商品名イルガキュア127)3質量部を配合したものを光硬化性接着剤液Rとして用いた。
製造例1と同様の方法で液晶表示装置を作製した。
実施例12、23、28、および比較例6で製造した光学フィルムを用いて、製造例6と同様の方法で液晶表示装置を作製した。
(偏光板の作製)
接着剤として、ポリビニルアルコール接着剤を用いて偏光板を作製した。(表中、ポリビニルアルコールと記載)
(偏光子の調製)
平均厚さが52μm、水分率が4.4%のポリビニルアルコールフィルムを予備膨潤、染色、湿式法による一軸延伸、固定処理、乾燥、熱処理の順番で、連続的に処理して、偏光子を作製した。
下記工程a~dに従って、偏光子に、光学フィルムとしての実施例9で製造した光学フィルム、および保護フィルムとしてトリアセチルセルロースフィルムであるコニカミノルタタック KC6UAフィルム(コニカミノルタ株式会社製)を貼り合わせた。
上記で作製した偏光子を、固形分2質量%のポリビニルアルコール接着剤溶液の貯留槽中に1~2秒間浸漬した。
保護フィルムとしてのKC6UAフィルムと実施例9の光学フィルムを、1.5mol/LのKOH水溶液に50℃で45秒間浸漬してアルカリ鹸化処理を行い、水に30℃で60秒間浸漬して水洗した。次いで、10質量%のHCl水溶液を30℃で45秒あいだ浸漬して中和を行い、水に30℃で60秒間浸漬して水洗した。その後、100℃でフィルムを乾燥した。
積層物を、2つの回転するローラにて20~30N/cm2の圧力で約2m/minの速度で貼り合わせた。このとき、気泡が入らないように注意して実施した。
上記工程cで作製した試料を、80℃の乾燥機中にて5分間乾燥処理し、図2の偏光板101Aの構成からなる偏光板を作製した。
製造例1と同様の方法で液晶表示装置を作製した。
実施例12、23、28、および比較例6で製造した光学フィルムを用いて、製造例11と同様の方法で液晶表示装置を作製した。
製造例1~15で製造した液晶表示装置について性能評価を行った。
液晶表示装置を寝かせて台の上などに置き、ベンコット(旭化成せんい株式会社製)を評価用偏光板の一部に載せて水を含ませた。ベンコットが乾かないように100μmPETで覆い、テレビにPCから黒表示の信号を入力、テレビの電源ONで24時間放置した(室温:23℃、パネル温度:38℃)。24時間後、ベンコットを取り除いた。ベンコットのあった部分のL*を水浸漬部のL*としてEZコントラスト(ELDIM社製)で測定した。ベンコットのない部分のL*を非浸漬部のL*としてEZコントラストで測定した。なお、EZコントラストでの測定はTVを黒表示にしてカラーモードにて行った。水浸漬の条件はパネルの電源をONにし、かつ水を十分に浸み込ませたベンコットを貼り付けた状態で24時間静置した。得られた水浸漬部のL*を非浸漬部のL*で除して水浸漬部のL*/非浸漬部のL*を算出した。
3、6、12、15 濾過器、
4、13 ストックタンク、
2、5、11、14 送液ポンプ、
8、16 導管、
10 紫外線吸収剤仕込釜、
20 合流管、
21 混合機、
30 ダイ、
31 金属支持体、
32 ウェブ、
33 剥離位置、
34 テンター装置、
35 ローラ乾燥装置、
41 仕込釜、
42 ストック釜、
43 ポンプ、
44 濾過器、
101A、101B 偏光板、
102 保護フィルム、
103A、103B 活性エネルギー線硬化性接着剤、
104 偏光子、
105 位相差フィルム、
106 機能性層、
107 液晶セル、
108 液晶表示装置。
Claims (8)
- セルロースエステルおよびセルロースエーテルを含む、光学フィルムであって、
前記セルロースエステルが、下記式(1)および(2):
セルロースエステルおよびセルロースエーテルの混合比(セルロースエステル:セルロースエーテル)が99.0:1.0~55.0:45.0(質量比)であり;並びに
下記式(3)および(4):
- 前記セルロースエステルおよびセルロースエーテルの混合比(セルロースエステル:セルロースエーテル)が95.0:5.0~60.0:40.0(質量比)である、請求項1に記載の光学フィルム。
- セルロースエステルおよびセルロースエーテルの合計100質量部に対して、1.0~30.0質量部の可塑剤をさらに含む、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の光学フィルム。
- 前記可塑剤が、炭水化物誘導体、ポリエステル化合物、および負の複屈折を有する樹脂からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つである、請求項4に記載の光学フィルム。
- 水素結合性化合物をさらに含む、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の光学フィルム。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の光学フィルムと、偏光子と、を含み、
前記光学フィルムおよび前記偏光子が、活性エネルギー線硬化性接着剤で接着されてなる、偏光板。 - 請求項7に記載の偏光板が、少なくとも液晶セルの片面に具備されてなる、VA型液晶表示装置。
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CN106009052A (zh) * | 2015-03-26 | 2016-10-12 | 富士施乐株式会社 | 树脂组合物和树脂成型体 |
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KR20170097921A (ko) * | 2016-02-19 | 2017-08-29 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 편광자 보호 필름, 이를 포함하는 편광판 및 편광판을 포함하는 표시 장치 |
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