WO2013154064A1 - 有機発光素子ならびにそれに用いる発光材料および化合物 - Google Patents
有機発光素子ならびにそれに用いる発光材料および化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013154064A1 WO2013154064A1 PCT/JP2013/060582 JP2013060582W WO2013154064A1 WO 2013154064 A1 WO2013154064 A1 WO 2013154064A1 JP 2013060582 W JP2013060582 W JP 2013060582W WO 2013154064 A1 WO2013154064 A1 WO 2013154064A1
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- DKHNGUNXLDCATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipyrazino[2,3-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarbonitrile Chemical compound C12=NC(C#N)=C(C#N)N=C2C2=NC(C#N)=C(C#N)N=C2C2=C1N=C(C#N)C(C#N)=N2 DKHNGUNXLDCATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000006575 electron-withdrawing group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000008376 fluorenones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003707 hexyloxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 229940083761 high-ceiling diuretics pyrazolone derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000007857 hydrazones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole Natural products CC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2 PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolenine Natural products C1=CC=C2CC=NC2=C1 RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVVPGLRKXQSQSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolo[3,2-c]carbazole Chemical class C1=CC=CC2=NC3=C4C5=CC=CC=C5N=C4C=CC3=C21 VVVPGLRKXQSQSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940079865 intestinal antiinfectives imidazole derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000816 matrix-assisted laser desorption--ionisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- YCWSUKQGVSGXJO-NTUHNPAUSA-N nifuroxazide Chemical group C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C(=O)N\N=C\C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)O1 YCWSUKQGVSGXJO-NTUHNPAUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxadiazole Chemical group C1=CON=N1 WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AICOOMRHRUFYCM-ZRRPKQBOSA-N oxazine, 1 Chemical compound C([C@@H]1[C@H](C(C[C@]2(C)[C@@H]([C@H](C)N(C)C)[C@H](O)C[C@]21C)=O)CC1=CC2)C[C@H]1[C@@]1(C)[C@H]2N=C(C(C)C)OC1 AICOOMRHRUFYCM-ZRRPKQBOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007978 oxazole derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004115 pentoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000004986 phenylenediamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- BITYAPCSNKJESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassiosodium Chemical compound [Na].[K] BITYAPCSNKJESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002572 propoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- JEXVQSWXXUJEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazol-3-one Chemical class O=C1C=CN=N1 JEXVQSWXXUJEMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003219 pyrazolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005495 pyridazyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N stilbene Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940042055 systemic antimycotics triazole derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000013076 target substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004867 thiadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- IBBLKSWSCDAPIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiopyran Chemical compound S1C=CC=C=C1 IBBLKSWSCDAPIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001269 time-of-flight mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/56—Ring systems containing three or more rings
- C07D209/80—[b, c]- or [b, d]-condensed
- C07D209/82—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles
- C07D209/86—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the ring system
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- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6572—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only nitrogen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. phenanthroline or carbazole
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with one carbocyclic ring
- C07D209/04—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles
- C07D209/08—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, directly attached to carbon atoms of the hetero ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with one carbocyclic ring
- C07D209/04—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles
- C07D209/10—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to carbon atoms of the hetero ring
- C07D209/18—Radicals substituted by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
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- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
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- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
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- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
- C09K2211/1003—Carbocyclic compounds
- C09K2211/1007—Non-condensed systems
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- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
- C09K2211/1018—Heterocyclic compounds
- C09K2211/1025—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands
- C09K2211/1029—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands containing one nitrogen atom as the heteroatom
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
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- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
- H10K85/341—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes
- H10K85/342—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes comprising iridium
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- H10K85/615—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene
- H10K85/622—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene containing four rings, e.g. pyrene
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- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6576—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only sulfur in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. benzothiophene
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an organic light emitting device having high luminous efficiency.
- the present invention also relates to a light emitting material and a compound used for the organic light emitting element.
- organic light emitting devices such as organic electroluminescence devices (organic EL devices)
- organic electroluminescence devices organic electroluminescence devices
- various efforts have been made to increase the light emission efficiency by newly developing and combining electron transport materials, hole transport materials, light emitting materials, and the like constituting the organic electroluminescence element.
- studies on organic electroluminescence devices using compounds containing a carbazole structure or an indole structure have been found, and several proposals have been made so far.
- Patent Document 1 describes that a compound containing a carbazole structure and an indole structure represented by the following general formula is used as a host material for a light emitting layer of an organic light emitting element.
- m and n are each an integer of 1 to 5
- the sum of m and n is an integer of 2 to 6
- X is an m + n-valent organic group which may have a substituent.
- R 1 to R 14 are defined as a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group.
- Patent Document 2 describes that a compound containing two or more carbazole structures is used as a host material for a light emitting layer of an organic light emitting device. Furthermore, Patent Document 3 describes that a compound containing two or more indole structures is used as a host material for a light emitting layer of an organic light emitting device.
- the present inventors have revealed that a specific cyanobenzene derivative containing a carbazole structure, an indole structure, or the like is extremely useful as a light emitting material for an organic electroluminescence device. I made it. In particular, it has been found that there are compounds useful as delayed fluorescent materials among cyanobenzene derivatives containing a carbazole structure, an indole structure, etc., and it has been clarified that an organic light-emitting device with high emission efficiency can be provided at low cost. Based on these findings, the present inventors have provided the following present invention as means for solving the above problems.
- a light emitting material comprising a compound represented by the following general formula (1).
- at least one of R 1 ⁇ R 5 represents a cyano group
- at least one of R 1 ⁇ R 5 represents a group represented by the following general formula (11)
- the remaining R 1 to R 5 each represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- R 21 to R 28 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- ⁇ A> or ⁇ B> is satisfied.
- ⁇ B> R 27 and R 28 together represent an atomic group necessary for forming a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring.
- R 1 to R 5 are substituted or unsubstituted 9-carbazolyl group, substituted or unsubstituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9-carbazolyl group, substituted or unsubstituted 1-indolyl
- R 1 to R 5 is a cyano group, and the remaining R 1 to R 5 are each independently a hydroxy group, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted 9-carbazolyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted group.
- the luminescent material of description is any one of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9-carbazolyl group, substituted or unsubstituted 1-indolyl group, or substituted or unsubstituted diarylamino group.
- R 1 to R 5 is a cyano group, and the remaining R 1 to R 5 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted 9-carbazolyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted 1,2,3,3,
- R 1 to R 5 is a cyano group, and the remaining R 1 to R 5 are a substituted or unsubstituted 9-carbazolyl group Luminescent material.
- At least one of R 1 to R 5 is a hydroxy group, at least one of R 1 to R 5 is a cyano group, and the remaining R 1 to R 5 are substituted or unsubstituted 9-carbazolyl groups.
- R 31 to R 38 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- R 41 to R 46 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- R 51 to R 62 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- R 71 to R 80 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- at least one of R 11 , R 12 , R 14 and R 15 represents a cyano group, and at least three of R 11 to R 15 are substituted or unsubstituted 9-carbazolyl groups, substituted Or an unsubstituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9-carbazolyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted 1-indolyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted diarylamino group, and the remaining R 11 to R 15 are hydroxy Represents a group.
- the organic light emitting device of the present invention is characterized by high luminous efficiency.
- the delayed fluorescent material of the present invention is characterized in that when used as a light emitting layer of an organic light emitting device, the organic light emitting device can emit delayed fluorescence and the luminous efficiency can be dramatically increased.
- the compound of the present invention is extremely useful as a light emitting material for these organic light emitting devices.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing current density-voltage characteristics of an organic electroluminescence device using Compound 1 of Example 3.
- 4 is a graph showing external quantum efficiency-current density characteristics of an organic electroluminescence device using Compound 1 of Example 3.
- 6 is a graph showing external quantum efficiency-current density characteristics of an organic electroluminescence device using the compound 6 of Example 4.
- 6 is a graph showing external quantum efficiency-current density characteristics of an organic electroluminescence device using the compound 301 of Example 5.
- 6 is a graph showing current density-voltage characteristics of an organic electroluminescence device using the compound 501 of Example 6.
- 6 is a graph showing external quantum efficiency-current density characteristics of an organic electroluminescence device using the compound 501 of Example 6.
- 6 is an emission spectrum of an organic electroluminescence device using the compound 252 of Example 7.
- 10 is a graph showing current density-voltage characteristics of an organic electroluminescence device using the compound 252 of Example 7.
- 6 is a graph showing external quantum efficiency-current density characteristics of an organic electroluminescence device using the compound 252 of Example 7.
- 6 is an emission spectrum of an organic electroluminescence device using the compound 523 of Example 8.
- 6 is a graph showing current density-voltage characteristics of an organic electroluminescence device using the compound 523 of Example 8.
- 6 is a graph showing the external quantum efficiency-current density characteristics of an organic electroluminescence device using the compound 523 of Example 8.
- 6 is an emission spectrum of an organic electroluminescence device using the compound 31 of Example 9.
- 10 is a graph showing current density-voltage characteristics of an organic electroluminescence device using the compound 31 of Example 9.
- 10 is a graph showing external quantum efficiency-current density characteristics of an organic electroluminescence device using the compound 31 of Example 9.
- 6 is a graph showing luminance-luminous efficiency characteristics of an organic electroluminescence device using the compound 301 of Example 10. It is a graph which shows the luminance degradation characteristic of the organic electroluminescent element using the compound 301 of Example 10.
- a numerical range represented by using “to” means a range including numerical values described before and after “to” as a lower limit value and an upper limit value.
- the luminescent material of the present invention is characterized by comprising a compound represented by the following general formula (1).
- the organic light-emitting device of the present invention is characterized by containing a compound represented by the following general formula (1) as a light-emitting material of the light-emitting layer. Therefore, first, the compound represented by the general formula (1) will be described.
- R 1 to R 5 represents a cyano group.
- any one is a cyano group
- any of R 1 to R 3 may be used.
- any two are cyano groups
- a combination of R 1 and R 3 or a combination of R 2 and R 4 can be exemplified.
- any three are cyano groups, combinations of R 1 , R 3 and R 4 can be exemplified.
- R 1 to R 5 represents a group represented by the following general formula (11).
- groups represented by the general formula (11) may be the same or different, but are more preferably the same.
- R 21 to R 28 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent. However, at least one of the following ⁇ A> or ⁇ B> is satisfied. More preferably, both are satisfied.
- ⁇ A> R 25 and R 26 together form a single bond.
- ⁇ B> R 27 and R 28 together represent an atomic group necessary for forming a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring.
- the group represented by the general formula (11) is a substituted or unsubstituted 9-carbazolyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9-carbazolyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted 1-indolyl group. It is preferably a group or a substituted or unsubstituted diarylamino group.
- any one of R 1 to R 5 in the general formula (1) is a substituted or unsubstituted 9-carbazolyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9-carbazolyl group, A substituted or unsubstituted 1-indolyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted diarylamino group is preferable.
- R 1 to R 5 in the general formula (1) are substituted or unsubstituted 9-carbazolyl group, substituted or unsubstituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9-carbazolyl group, substituted Or it is more preferably an unsubstituted 1-indolyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted diarylamino group.
- the group represented by the general formula (11) preferably has, for example, a structure represented by any of the following general formulas (12) to (15). In particular, it is preferable to have a structure represented by the following general formula (12).
- R 31 to R 38 , R 41 to R 46 , R 51 to R 62 and R 71 to R 80 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- the substitution position and the number of substitutions when the groups represented by the general formulas (12) to (15) have a substituent are not particularly limited.
- the number of substitutions for each group is preferably 0 to 6, more preferably 0 to 4, for example, 0 to 2 is also preferable.
- they may be the same or different from each other, but are preferably the same.
- any of R 32 to R 37 is preferably a substituent.
- R 32 and R 37 are substituents
- R 33 and R 36 are substituents
- R 34 and R 35 are substituents
- any of R 42 to R 46 is preferably a substituent.
- R 42 is a substituent
- R 43 is a substituent
- any of R 52 to R 60 is preferably a substituent.
- any of R 52 to R 54 is a substituent and a case where any of R 55 to R 60 is a substituent can be preferably exemplified.
- the group represented by the general formula (15) has a substituent
- any of R 72 to R 74 and R 77 to R 79 is preferably a substituent.
- R 73 and R 78 are substituents
- R 74 and R 77 are substituents
- R 72 , R 74 , R 77 and R 79 are The case where it is a substituent can be illustrated preferably.
- R 74 and R 77 are substituents
- the substituent at this time is particularly preferably a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms, and preferably has 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- alkylthio group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms an acyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms, a heteroaryl group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, and a diaryl having 12 to 40 carbon atoms
- Amino group, substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl group having 12 to 40 carbon atoms alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, alkynyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, 1 to 10 carbon atoms Alkylsulfonyl group, haloalkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, amide group, alkylamide group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, trialkylsilyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, trialkylsilylalkyl group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, carbon Examples thereof include a trialkylsilylalkenyl group having 5 to 20 carbon
- substituents are a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms, carbon A substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted diarylamino group having 12 to 40 carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl group having 12 to 40 carbon atoms.
- substituents are a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and a substituted group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group in the present specification may be linear, branched or cyclic, and more preferably has 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Specific examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, and butyl. Group, t-butyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group and isopropyl group.
- the aryl group may be a single ring or a fused ring, and specific examples thereof include a phenyl group and a naphthyl group.
- the alkoxy group may be linear, branched or cyclic, and more preferably has 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and specific examples include methoxy group, ethoxy group, propoxy group, butoxy group, t-butoxy group. A group, a pentyloxy group, a hexyloxy group, and an isopropyloxy group.
- the two alkyl groups of the dialkylamino group may be the same or different from each other, but are preferably the same.
- the two alkyl groups of the dialkylamino group may each independently be linear, branched or cyclic, and more preferably have 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- Specific examples include a methyl group, an ethyl group, Examples thereof include a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, and an isopropyl group.
- the aryl group may be a single ring or a fused ring, and specific examples thereof include a phenyl group and a naphthyl group.
- the heteroaryl group may be a monocyclic ring or a fused ring, and specific examples include a pyridyl group, a pyridazyl group, a pyrimidyl group, a triazyl group, a triazolyl group, and a benzotriazolyl group. These heteroaryl groups may be a group bonded through a hetero atom or a group bonded through a carbon atom constituting a heteroaryl ring.
- any one of R 1 to R 5 is a group represented by the general formula (11)
- any of R 1 to R 3 may be used.
- a combination of R 1 and R 3 or a combination of R 2 and R 4 can be exemplified.
- combinations of R 1 , R 3 and R 4 can be exemplified.
- Any one of the two ortho positions of the benzene ring to which the group represented by the general formula (11) is bonded is preferably a cyano group. Both of the two ortho positions may be a cyano group.
- two or more groups represented by the general formula (11) are bonded to the benzene ring, at least two of them are bonded to the group represented by the general formula (11). It is preferable to satisfy the condition that any one of the two ortho positions of the ring is a cyano group.
- At least one of R 1 ⁇ R 5 represents a cyano group
- at least one of R 1 ⁇ R 5 represents a group represented by the above general formula (11)
- the remaining R 1 to R 5 each represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- R 1 to R 5 can take include, for example, a hydroxy group, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkylthio group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and 1 carbon atom.
- substituents are a hydroxy group, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- substituents are a hydroxy group, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and a substituted group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the number of hydrogen atoms is preferably 3 or less, more preferably 2 or less, still more preferably 1 or less, and 0 It is also preferable.
- R 1 to R 5 in the general formula (1) is a cyano group
- the remaining R 1 to R 5 are each independently a hydroxy group, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted 9
- a carbazolyl group a substituted or unsubstituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9-carbazolyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted 1-indolyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted diarylamino group
- a carbazolyl group a substituted or unsubstituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9-carbazolyl group
- a substituted or unsubstituted 1-indolyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted diarylamino group
- R 1 to R 5 is a cyano group
- the remaining R 1 to R 5 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted 9-carbazolyl group, substituted or unsubstituted 1,2 , 3,4-tetrahydro-9-carbazolyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted 1-indolyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted diarylamino group.
- At least one of R 1 to R 5 in the general formula (1) is a cyano group, and the remaining R 1 to R 5 are each independently a hydroxy group, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted 9 A case where any one of carbazolyl groups can be mentioned.
- Another preferred combination is that at least one of R 1 to R 5 in the general formula (1) is a cyano group, and the remaining R 1 to R 5 are substituted or unsubstituted 9-carbazolyl groups. it can.
- At least one of R 1 to R 5 in the general formula (1) is a cyano group, at least one of R 1 to R 5 is a hydroxy group, and the remaining R 1 to R 5 are substituted or The case of an unsubstituted 9-carbazolyl group can also be mentioned.
- at least one of R 1 to R 5 in the general formula (1) is a cyano group, at least one of R 1 to R 5 is a halogen atom, and the remaining R 1 to R 5 are substituted or The case of an unsubstituted 9-carbazolyl group can also be mentioned.
- the molecular weight of the compound represented by the general formula (1) is, for example, 1500 or less when the organic layer containing the compound represented by the general formula (1) is intended to be formed by vapor deposition. Preferably, it is preferably 1200 or less, more preferably 1000 or less, and even more preferably 800 or less. The lower limit of the molecular weight is usually 247 or more, preferably 290 or more.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) may be formed by a coating method regardless of the molecular weight. If a coating method is used, a film can be formed even with a compound having a relatively large molecular weight.
- a compound containing a plurality of structures represented by the general formula (1) in the molecule may be used for the light emitting layer of the organic light emitting device.
- a polymer obtained by polymerizing a polymerizable monomer having a structure represented by the general formula (1) for a light emitting layer of an organic light emitting device.
- a monomer having a polymerizable functional group in any of R 1 to R 5 of the general formula (1) and polymerizing it alone or copolymerizing with other monomers, It is considered that a polymer having a repeating unit is obtained and the polymer is used for a light emitting layer of an organic light emitting device.
- dimers and trimers are obtained by coupling compounds having a structure represented by the general formula (1) and used in the light emitting layer of the organic light emitting device.
- any one of R 1 to R 5 in the general formula (1) is represented by the following general formula (17) or (18). The thing which is a structure represented can be mentioned.
- L 1 and L 2 each represent a linking group.
- the linking group preferably has 0 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 15 carbon atoms, and still more preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms. And preferably has a structure represented by - linking group -X 11 -L 11.
- X 11 represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, and is preferably an oxygen atom.
- L 11 represents a linking group, and is preferably a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group, or a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group, and is a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted group A phenylene group is more preferable.
- R 101 , R 102 , R 103 and R 104 each independently represent a substituent.
- it is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a halogen atom, more preferably an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- An unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a fluorine atom, and a chlorine atom and more preferably an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and an unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- R 1 to R 5 in the general formula (1) is represented by the following formulas (21) to (24).
- R 1 to R 5 may be represented by the following formulas (21) to (24), but preferably one of R 1 to R 5 is represented by the following formulas (21) to (24 ).
- the polymer having a repeating unit containing the formulas (21) to (24) at least one of R 1 to R 5 in the general formula (1) is made into a hydroxy group, and the following compounds are reacted using it as a linker. It can be synthesized by introducing a polymerizable group and polymerizing the polymerizable group.
- the polymer containing the structure represented by the general formula (1) in the molecule may be a polymer composed only of repeating units having the structure represented by the general formula (1), or other structures may be used. It may be a polymer containing repeating units.
- the repeating unit having a structure represented by the general formula (1) contained in the polymer may be a single type or two or more types. Examples of the repeating unit not having the structure represented by the general formula (1) include those derived from monomers used in ordinary copolymerization. Examples thereof include a repeating unit derived from a monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated bond such as ethylene and styrene.
- R 11 , R 12 , R 14 and R 15 is a cyano group
- at least three of R 11 to R 15 are substituted or unsubstituted 9-carbazolyl groups, substituted or An unsubstituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9-carbazolyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted 1-indolyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted diarylamino group, and the remaining R 11 to R 15 are hydroxy groups Represents.
- R 11 to R 15 in the general formula (2) it is preferable that any one of R 11 and R 12 is a cyano group. At least three of R 11 to R 15 are the 9-carbazolyl group, etc., and these three substituents may be the same or different. Preferred is when all are the same. At least three of R 11 to R 15 are preferably groups having a structure represented by any one of the general formulas (12) to (15). For specific examples and preferred ranges of the general formulas (12) to (15), the corresponding descriptions in the general formula (1) can be referred to. Of R 11 to R 15 in the general formula (2), zero or one is a hydroxy group. If one is a hydroxy group, it is preferably R 14. For example, a case where R 12 is a cyano group and R 14 is a hydroxy group can be mentioned.
- the method for synthesizing the compound represented by the general formula (2) is not particularly limited.
- the synthesis of the compound represented by the general formula (2) can be performed by appropriately combining known synthesis methods and conditions.
- a preferred synthesis method there can be mentioned a method in which tetrafluorodicyanobenzene is prepared and reacted with carbazole, indole, diarylamine or the like.
- a compound in which any one of R 11 to R 15 in the general formula (2) is a cyano group and the rest is a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, or a diarylamino group can be synthesized.
- R 81 to R 85 is a cyano group
- two of R 81 to R 85 are substituted or unsubstituted 9-carbazolyl groups
- the other two are hydrogen atoms.
- Cz in the following specific examples represents a 9-carbazolyl group.
- a compound in which Cz is a 3-methylcarbazol-9-yl group or a 3,6-dimethylcarbazol-9-yl group can also be exemplified.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) of the present invention is useful as a light emitting material of an organic light emitting device. For this reason, the compound represented by General formula (1) of this invention can be effectively used as a luminescent material for the light emitting layer of an organic light emitting element.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) includes a delayed fluorescent material (delayed phosphor) that emits delayed fluorescence. That is, the present invention relates to a delayed phosphor having a structure represented by the general formula (1), an invention using a compound represented by the general formula (1) as a delayed phosphor, and a general formula (1).
- An invention of a method for emitting delayed fluorescence using the represented compound is also provided.
- An organic light emitting device using such a compound as a light emitting material emits delayed fluorescence and has a feature of high luminous efficiency. The principle will be described below by taking an organic electroluminescence element as an example.
- the organic electroluminescence element carriers are injected into the light emitting material from both positive and negative electrodes to generate an excited light emitting material and emit light.
- 25% of the generated excitons are excited to the excited singlet state, and the remaining 75% are excited to the excited triplet state. Therefore, the use efficiency of energy is higher when phosphorescence, which is light emission from an excited triplet state, is used.
- the excited triplet state has a long lifetime, energy saturation occurs due to saturation of the excited state and interaction with excitons in the excited triplet state, and in general, the quantum yield of phosphorescence is often not high.
- delayed fluorescent materials after energy transition to an excited triplet state due to intersystem crossing, etc., are then crossed back to an excited singlet state due to triplet-triplet annihilation or absorption of thermal energy, and emit fluorescence.
- a thermally activated delayed fluorescent material by absorption of thermal energy is particularly useful.
- excitons in the excited singlet state emit fluorescence as usual.
- excitons in the excited triplet state absorb heat generated by the device and cross between the excited singlets to emit fluorescence.
- the light is emitted from the excited singlet, the light is emitted at the same wavelength as the fluorescence, but the lifetime of light generated (emission life) due to the reverse intersystem crossing from the excited triplet state to the excited singlet state is normal. Since the fluorescence becomes longer than the fluorescence and phosphorescence, it is observed as fluorescence delayed from these. This can be defined as delayed fluorescence. If such a heat-activated exciton transfer mechanism is used, the ratio of the compound in an excited singlet state, which normally generated only 25%, is increased to 25% or more by absorbing thermal energy after carrier injection. It can be raised.
- the heat of the device will sufficiently cause intersystem crossing from the excited triplet state to the excited singlet state and emit delayed fluorescence. Efficiency can be improved dramatically.
- organic light-emitting devices such as an organic photoluminescence device (organic PL device) and an organic electroluminescence device (organic EL device) can be provided.
- the organic photoluminescence element has a structure in which at least a light emitting layer is formed on a substrate.
- the organic electroluminescence element has a structure in which an organic layer is formed at least between an anode, a cathode, and an anode and a cathode.
- the organic layer includes at least a light emitting layer, and may consist of only the light emitting layer, or may have one or more organic layers in addition to the light emitting layer.
- Examples of such other organic layers include a hole transport layer, a hole injection layer, an electron blocking layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron injection layer, an electron transport layer, and an exciton blocking layer.
- the hole transport layer may be a hole injection / transport layer having a hole injection function
- the electron transport layer may be an electron injection / transport layer having an electron injection function.
- FIG. 1 A specific example of the structure of an organic electroluminescence element is shown in FIG. In FIG. 1, 1 is a substrate, 2 is an anode, 3 is a hole injection layer, 4 is a hole transport layer, 5 is a light emitting layer, 6 is an electron transport layer, and 7 is a cathode. Below, each member and each layer of an organic electroluminescent element are demonstrated. In addition, description of a board
- the organic electroluminescence device of the present invention is preferably supported on a substrate.
- the substrate is not particularly limited and may be any substrate conventionally used for organic electroluminescence elements.
- a substrate made of glass, transparent plastic, quartz, silicon, or the like can be used.
- an electrode material made of a metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, or a mixture thereof having a high work function (4 eV or more) is preferably used.
- electrode materials include metals such as Au, and conductive transparent materials such as CuI, indium tin oxide (ITO), SnO 2 and ZnO.
- conductive transparent materials such as CuI, indium tin oxide (ITO), SnO 2 and ZnO.
- an amorphous material such as IDIXO (In 2 O 3 —ZnO) capable of forming a transparent conductive film may be used.
- a thin film may be formed by vapor deposition or sputtering of these electrode materials, and a pattern of a desired shape may be formed by photolithography, or when pattern accuracy is not so high (about 100 ⁇ m or more) ), A pattern may be formed through a mask having a desired shape at the time of vapor deposition or sputtering of the electrode material.
- wet film-forming methods such as a printing system and a coating system, can also be used.
- the transmittance be greater than 10%, and the sheet resistance as the anode is preferably several hundred ⁇ / ⁇ or less.
- the film thickness depends on the material, it is usually selected in the range of 10 to 1000 nm, preferably 10 to 200 nm.
- cathode a material having a low work function (4 eV or less) metal (referred to as an electron injecting metal), an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, and a mixture thereof as an electrode material is used.
- electrode materials include sodium, sodium-potassium alloy, magnesium, lithium, magnesium / copper mixture, magnesium / silver mixture, magnesium / aluminum mixture, magnesium / indium mixture, aluminum / aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) Mixtures, indium, lithium / aluminum mixtures, rare earth metals and the like.
- a mixture of an electron injecting metal and a second metal which is a stable metal having a larger work function value than this for example, a magnesium / silver mixture, Magnesium / aluminum mixtures, magnesium / indium mixtures, aluminum / aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) mixtures, lithium / aluminum mixtures, aluminum and the like are preferred.
- the cathode can be produced by forming a thin film of these electrode materials by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering.
- the sheet resistance as the cathode is preferably several hundred ⁇ / ⁇ or less, and the film thickness is usually selected in the range of 10 nm to 5 ⁇ m, preferably 50 to 200 nm.
- the emission luminance is advantageously improved.
- a transparent or semi-transparent cathode can be produced. By applying this, an element in which both the anode and the cathode are transparent is used. Can be produced.
- the light emitting layer is a layer that emits light after excitons are generated by recombination of holes and electrons injected from each of the anode and the cathode, and the light emitting material may be used alone for the light emitting layer. , Preferably including a luminescent material and a host material.
- a luminescent material the 1 type (s) or 2 or more types chosen from the compound group of this invention represented by General formula (1) can be used.
- a host material in addition to the light emitting material in the light emitting layer.
- the host material an organic compound having at least one of excited singlet energy and excited triplet energy higher than that of the light emitting material of the present invention can be used.
- singlet excitons and triplet excitons generated in the light emitting material of the present invention can be confined in the molecules of the light emitting material of the present invention, and the light emission efficiency can be sufficiently extracted.
- high luminous efficiency can be obtained, so that host materials that can achieve high luminous efficiency are particularly limited. And can be used in the present invention.
- the organic light emitting device or organic electroluminescent device of the present invention light emission is generated from the light emitting material of the present invention contained in the light emitting layer. This emission includes both fluorescence and delayed fluorescence. However, light emission from the host material may be partly or partly emitted.
- the amount of the compound of the present invention, which is a light emitting material is preferably 0.1% by weight or more, more preferably 1% by weight or more, and 50% or more. It is preferably no greater than wt%, more preferably no greater than 20 wt%, and even more preferably no greater than 10 wt%.
- the host material in the light-emitting layer is preferably an organic compound that has a hole transporting ability and an electron transporting ability, prevents the emission of longer wavelengths, and has a high glass transition temperature.
- the injection layer is a layer provided between the electrode and the organic layer for lowering the driving voltage and improving the luminance of light emission.
- the injection layer can be provided as necessary.
- the blocking layer is a layer that can prevent diffusion of charges (electrons or holes) and / or excitons existing in the light emitting layer to the outside of the light emitting layer.
- the electron blocking layer can be disposed between the light emitting layer and the hole transport layer and blocks electrons from passing through the light emitting layer toward the hole transport layer.
- a hole blocking layer can be disposed between the light emitting layer and the electron transporting layer to prevent holes from passing through the light emitting layer toward the electron transporting layer.
- the blocking layer can also be used to block excitons from diffusing outside the light emitting layer. That is, each of the electron blocking layer and the hole blocking layer can also function as an exciton blocking layer.
- the term “electron blocking layer” or “exciton blocking layer” as used herein is used in the sense of including a layer having the functions of an electron blocking layer and an exciton blocking layer in one layer.
- the hole blocking layer has a function of an electron transport layer in a broad sense.
- the hole blocking layer has a role of blocking holes from reaching the electron transport layer while transporting electrons, thereby improving the recombination probability of electrons and holes in the light emitting layer.
- the material for the hole blocking layer the material for the electron transport layer described later can be used as necessary.
- the electron blocking layer has a function of transporting holes in a broad sense.
- the electron blocking layer has a role to block electrons from reaching the hole transport layer while transporting holes, thereby improving the probability of recombination of electrons and holes in the light emitting layer. .
- the exciton blocking layer is a layer for preventing excitons generated by recombination of holes and electrons in the light emitting layer from diffusing into the charge transport layer. It becomes possible to efficiently confine in the light emitting layer, and the light emission efficiency of the device can be improved.
- the exciton blocking layer can be inserted on either the anode side or the cathode side adjacent to the light emitting layer, or both can be inserted simultaneously.
- the layer when the exciton blocking layer is provided on the anode side, the layer can be inserted adjacent to the light emitting layer between the hole transport layer and the light emitting layer, and when inserted on the cathode side, the light emitting layer and the cathode Between the luminescent layer and the light-emitting layer.
- a hole injection layer, an electron blocking layer, or the like can be provided between the anode and the exciton blocking layer adjacent to the anode side of the light emitting layer, and the excitation adjacent to the cathode and the cathode side of the light emitting layer can be provided.
- an electron injection layer, an electron transport layer, a hole blocking layer, and the like can be provided.
- the blocking layer is disposed, at least one of the excited singlet energy and the excited triplet energy of the material used as the blocking layer is preferably higher than the excited singlet energy and the excited triplet energy of the light emitting material.
- the hole transport layer is made of a hole transport material having a function of transporting holes, and the hole transport layer can be provided as a single layer or a plurality of layers.
- the hole transport material has any one of hole injection or transport and electron barrier properties, and may be either organic or inorganic.
- hole transport materials that can be used include, for example, triazole derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, carbazole derivatives, indolocarbazole derivatives, polyarylalkane derivatives, pyrazoline derivatives and pyrazolone derivatives, phenylenediamine derivatives, arylamine derivatives, Examples include amino-substituted chalcone derivatives, oxazole derivatives, styrylanthracene derivatives, fluorenone derivatives, hydrazone derivatives, stilbene derivatives, silazane derivatives, aniline copolymers, and conductive polymer oligomers, particularly thiophene oligomers.
- An aromatic tertiary amine compound and an styrylamine compound are preferably used, and an aromatic tertiary amine compound is more preferably used.
- the electron transport layer is made of a material having a function of transporting electrons, and the electron transport layer can be provided as a single layer or a plurality of layers.
- the electron transport material (which may also serve as a hole blocking material) may have a function of transmitting electrons injected from the cathode to the light emitting layer.
- Examples of the electron transport layer that can be used include nitro-substituted fluorene derivatives, diphenylquinone derivatives, thiopyran dioxide oxide derivatives, carbodiimides, fluorenylidenemethane derivatives, anthraquinodimethane and anthrone derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, and the like.
- a thiadiazole derivative in which the oxygen atom of the oxadiazole ring is substituted with a sulfur atom, and a quinoxaline derivative having a quinoxaline ring known as an electron withdrawing group can also be used as an electron transport material.
- a polymer material in which these materials are introduced into a polymer chain or these materials are used as a polymer main chain can also be used.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) may be used not only for the light emitting layer but also for layers other than the light emitting layer.
- the compound represented by General formula (1) used for a light emitting layer and the compound represented by General formula (1) used for layers other than a light emitting layer may be same or different.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) may be used for the injection layer, blocking layer, hole blocking layer, electron blocking layer, exciton blocking layer, hole transporting layer, electron transporting layer, and the like. .
- the method for forming these layers is not particularly limited, and the layer may be formed by either a dry process or a wet process.
- the preferable material which can be used for an organic electroluminescent element is illustrated concretely.
- the material that can be used in the present invention is not limited to the following exemplary compounds.
- R, R ′, and R 1 to R 10 in the structural formulas of the following exemplary compounds each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- X represents a carbon atom or a hetero atom forming a ring skeleton
- n represents an integer of 3 to 5
- Y represents a substituent
- m represents an integer of 0 or more.
- the organic electroluminescence device produced by the above-described method emits light by applying an electric field between the anode and the cathode of the obtained device. At this time, if the light is emitted by excited singlet energy, light having a wavelength corresponding to the energy level is confirmed as fluorescence emission and delayed fluorescence emission. In addition, in the case of light emission by excited triplet energy, a wavelength corresponding to the energy level is confirmed as phosphorescence. Since normal fluorescence has a shorter fluorescence lifetime than delayed fluorescence, the emission lifetime can be distinguished from fluorescence and delayed fluorescence.
- the excited triplet energy is unstable and is converted into heat and the like, and the lifetime is short and it is immediately deactivated.
- the excited triplet energy of a normal organic compound it can be measured by observing light emission under extremely low temperature conditions.
- the organic electroluminescence element of the present invention can be applied to any of a single element, an element having a structure arranged in an array, and a structure in which an anode and a cathode are arranged in an XY matrix. According to the present invention, an organic light emitting device with greatly improved light emission efficiency can be obtained by containing the compound represented by the general formula (1) in the light emitting layer.
- the organic light emitting device such as the organic electroluminescence device of the present invention can be further applied to various uses. For example, it is possible to produce an organic electroluminescence display device using the organic electroluminescence element of the present invention.
- organic electroluminescence device of the present invention can be applied to organic electroluminescence illumination and backlights that are in great demand.
- the obtained solid was purified by silica gel column chromatography. In column chromatography, chloroform was first used as a developing solvent, and then acetone was used as a developing solvent. The solid obtained by concentrating the obtained fraction was washed with a mixed solvent of chloroform and acetone to obtain 120 mg of an orange powdery solid in a yield of 7.4%.
- reaction product was dissolved in chloroform, impurities were removed by filtration, washed with water, and dried over magnesium sulfate. Thereafter, the residue was purified by column chromatography (chloroform) to obtain a yellow powder in a yield of 0.53 g and a yield of 23%.
- Example 1 In this example, a toluene solution of Compound 1 synthesized in Synthesis Example 1 was prepared and irradiated with light at 280 nm at 300 K while bubbling nitrogen, and the emission wavelengths shown in Table 7 were observed.
- a time-resolved spectrum was performed using a C4334 type streak camera manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics Co., Ltd., and a component having a short emission lifetime was determined to be fluorescence, and a component having a long emission lifetime was determined to be delayed fluorescence (FIG. 2).
- Table 7 shows the lifetimes of the fluorescent component and the delayed fluorescent component. Table 7 also shows the results of similar evaluations using the compounds synthesized in Synthesis Examples 2 to 11 instead of Compound 1. However, Compound 392 and Compound 901 were measured without bubbling with nitrogen.
- Example 2 an organic photoluminescence device having a light-emitting layer composed of Compound 1 and a host material was prepared, and the characteristics were evaluated.
- a thin film having a concentration of Compound 1 of 6.0% by weight on a silicon substrate by vapor deposition of Compound 1 and mCP from different vapor deposition conditions under a vacuum degree of 5.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa. was formed at a thickness of 100 nm at 0.3 nm / second to obtain an organic photoluminescence device.
- a component having a short emission lifetime was determined to be fluorescence, and a component having a long emission lifetime was determined to be delayed fluorescence.
- a fluorescence component and a delayed fluorescence component were observed between 50 and 500 K (FIG. 3).
- the fluorescent component was 12 to 16 ns, and the delayed fluorescent component was 11 ⁇ s at 100K and 8.8 ⁇ s at 150K.
- Example 3 an organic electroluminescence device having a light-emitting layer composed of compound 1 and CBP was prepared and evaluated for characteristics. Each thin film was laminated at a vacuum degree of 5.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa by a vacuum deposition method on a glass substrate on which an anode made of indium tin oxide (ITO) having a thickness of 100 nm was formed. First, ⁇ -NPD was formed on ITO to a thickness of 35 nm. Next, Compound 1 and CBP were co-deposited from different vapor deposition sources to form a layer having a thickness of 15 nm as a light emitting layer. At this time, the concentration of Compound 1 was 6.0% by weight.
- ITO indium tin oxide
- TPBi is formed to a thickness of 65 nm
- further lithium fluoride (LiF) is vacuum-deposited to 0.8 nm
- aluminum (Al) is evaporated to a thickness of 80 nm to form a cathode.
- a luminescence element was obtained.
- a semiconductor parameter analyzer manufactured by Agilent Technologies: E5273A
- an optical power meter measuring device manufactured by Newport: 1930C
- an optical spectrometer manufactured by Ocean Optics: USB2000
- FIG. 4 shows current density-voltage (JV) characteristics
- FIG. 5 shows current density-external quantum efficiency characteristics.
- the organic electroluminescence device using Compound 1 as the light emitting material achieved a high external quantum efficiency of 17.06%.
- Example 4 As a result of producing an organic photoluminescence device using the compound 6 instead of the compound 1 of Example 3 and conducting the same test, emission of 553 nm was observed.
- FIG. 6 shows the current density-external quantum efficiency characteristics.
- Example 5 As a result of producing an organic photoluminescence device using Compound 301 instead of Compound 1 of Example 3 and conducting the same test, emission of 513 nm was observed.
- FIG. 7 shows the current density-external quantum efficiency characteristics.
- the organic electroluminescence device using the compound 301 as the light emitting material achieved a high external quantum efficiency of 19.32%.
- Example 6 An organic photoluminescence device was produced using the compound 501 instead of the compound 1 of Example 3, and the same test was performed. As a result, emission of 530 nm was observed.
- FIG. 8 shows current density-voltage (JV) characteristics
- FIG. 9 shows current density-external quantum efficiency characteristics.
- the organic electroluminescence device using the compound 501 as the light emitting material achieved a high external quantum efficiency of 17.84%.
- Example 7 an organic electroluminescent element having a light-emitting layer containing the compound 252 synthesized in Synthesis Example 9 as a light-emitting material was manufactured, and the characteristics were evaluated.
- Each thin film was laminated at a vacuum degree of 5.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa by a vacuum deposition method on a glass substrate on which an anode made of indium tin oxide (ITO) having a thickness of 100 nm was formed.
- ITO indium tin oxide
- ⁇ -NPD was formed on ITO to a thickness of 35 nm.
- the compound 252 and CBP were co-deposited from different deposition sources to form a layer having a thickness of 15 nm as a light emitting layer.
- the concentration of the compound 252 was 6.0% by weight.
- TPBi is formed to a thickness of 65 nm, further lithium fluoride (LiF) is vacuum-deposited to 0.8 nm, and then aluminum (Al) is evaporated to a thickness of 80 nm to form a cathode.
- Al aluminum
- a luminescence element was obtained.
- a semiconductor parameter analyzer manufactured by Agilent Technologies: E5273A
- an optical power meter measuring device manufactured by Newport: 1930C
- an optical spectrometer manufactured by Ocean Optics: USB2000
- FIG. 11 shows current density-voltage (JV) characteristics
- FIG. 12 shows current density-external quantum efficiency characteristics.
- Example 8 an organic electroluminescent element having a light-emitting layer containing the compound 523 synthesized in Synthesis Example 10 as a light-emitting material was manufactured, and the characteristics were evaluated.
- Each thin film was laminated at a vacuum degree of 5.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa by a vacuum deposition method on a glass substrate on which an anode made of indium tin oxide (ITO) having a thickness of 100 nm was formed.
- ITO indium tin oxide
- ⁇ -NPD was formed on ITO to a thickness of 40 nm, and then mCP was formed to a thickness of 10 nm.
- the compound 523 and PPT were co-deposited from different vapor deposition sources to form a 20 nm thick layer as a light emitting layer. At this time, the concentration of the compound 523 was 6.0% by weight.
- PPT is formed to a thickness of 40 nm, lithium fluoride (LiF) is further vacuum-deposited to 0.8 nm, and then aluminum (Al) is evaporated to a thickness of 80 nm to form a cathode. A luminescence element was obtained.
- FIG. 13 shows current density-voltage (JV) characteristics
- FIG. 15 shows current density-external quantum efficiency characteristics
- Example 9 an organic electroluminescence device having a light emitting layer containing the compound 31 synthesized in Synthesis Example 11 as a light emitting material was produced, and the characteristics were evaluated.
- Each thin film was laminated at a vacuum degree of 5.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa by a vacuum deposition method on a glass substrate on which an anode made of indium tin oxide (ITO) having a thickness of 100 nm was formed.
- ITO indium tin oxide
- ⁇ -NPD was formed to a thickness of 35 nm on ITO, and then mCP was formed to a thickness of 10 nm.
- the compound 31 and mCP were co-deposited from different vapor deposition sources to form a layer having a thickness of 15 nm to form a light emitting layer. At this time, the concentration of the compound 31 was 3.0% by weight.
- PPT is formed to a thickness of 10 nm
- TPBi is formed thereon to a thickness of 40 nm
- lithium fluoride (LiF) is further vacuum-deposited to 0.8 nm
- aluminum (Al) is then deposited to a thickness of 100 nm.
- the cathode was formed by vapor deposition to obtain an organic electroluminescence element.
- FIG. 16 shows current density-voltage (JV) characteristics
- FIG. 18 shows current density-external quantum efficiency characteristics.
- Example 10 organic electroluminescent elements having light emitting layers containing Compound 1 at various concentrations as the light emitting material were prepared and the characteristics were evaluated. Each thin film was laminated at a vacuum degree of 5.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa by a vacuum deposition method on a glass substrate on which an anode made of indium tin oxide (ITO) having a thickness of 100 nm was formed. First, HAT-CN was formed to a thickness of 10 nm on ITO, and then Tris-PCz was formed to a thickness of 30 nm. Next, Compound 1 and mCBP were co-evaporated from different vapor deposition sources to form a 30 nm thick layer as a light emitting layer.
- ITO indium tin oxide
- the concentration of Compound 1 was 3% by weight, 6% by weight, 10% by weight or 15% by weight.
- T2T is formed to a thickness of 10 nm
- BPy-TP2 is formed to a thickness of 40 nm
- lithium fluoride (LiF) is further vacuum-deposited by 0.8 nm
- aluminum (Al) is then deposited to a thickness of 100 nm.
- the cathode was formed by vapor deposition to obtain an organic electroluminescence element.
- an organic electroluminescent device in which Compound 1 of the light emitting layer was changed to 6 wt% Ir (ppy) 3 was also produced. About each organic electroluminescent element, it measured using the same apparatus as Example 3.
- the luminance-luminous efficiency characteristic is shown in FIG. 19, and the luminance deterioration characteristic is shown in FIG.
- the concentration of Compound 1 is 3% by weight
- the external quantum efficiency is 17.0%
- the concentration of Compound 1 is 10% by weight
- the external quantum efficiency is 15.6%
- the external quantum efficiency is 14.2%, 15% by weight. In this case, the external quantum efficiency of 14.0% was achieved.
- high external quantum efficiency (13.8%) was achieved even at 1000 cd / m 2 .
- the organic light emitting device of the present invention can realize high luminous efficiency.
- the compound of the present invention is useful as a light emitting material for such an organic light emitting device. For this reason, this invention has high industrial applicability.
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Abstract
Description
<A> R25およびR26は一緒になって単結合を形成する。
<B> R27およびR28は一緒になって置換もしくは無置換のベンゼン環を形成するのに必要な原子団を表す。]
[2] 遅延蛍光を放射することを特徴とする[1]に記載の発光材料。
[3] R1~R5の少なくとも1つが置換もしくは無置換の9-カルバゾリル基、置換もしくは無置換の1,2,3,4-テトラヒドロ-9-カルバゾリル基、置換もしくは無置換の1-インドリル基、または置換もしくは無置換のジアリールアミノ基を表すことを特徴とする[1]または[2]に記載の発光材料。
[4] R1~R5の少なくとも2つが置換もしくは無置換の9-カルバゾリル基、置換もしくは無置換の1,2,3,4-テトラヒドロ-9-カルバゾリル基、置換もしくは無置換の1-インドリル基、または置換もしくは無置換のジアリールアミノ基を表すことを特徴とする[1]または[2]に記載の発光材料。
[5] R1~R5の少なくとも1つがシアノ基であり、残りのR1~R5が、各々独立にヒドロキシ基、ハロゲン原子、置換もしくは無置換の9-カルバゾリル基、置換もしくは無置換の1,2,3,4-テトラヒドロ-9-カルバゾリル基、置換もしくは無置換の1-インドリル基、または置換もしくは無置換のジアリールアミノ基のいずれかを表すことを特徴とする[1]または[2]に記載の発光材料。
[6] R1~R5の少なくとも1つがシアノ基であり、残りのR1~R5が、各々独立に置換もしくは無置換の9-カルバゾリル基、置換もしくは無置換の1,2,3,4-テトラヒドロ-9-カルバゾリル基、置換もしくは無置換の1-インドリル基、または置換もしくは無置換のジアリールアミノ基のいずれかを表すことを特徴とする[1]または[2]に記載の発光材料。
[7] R1~R5の少なくとも1つがシアノ基であり、残りのR1~R5が置換もしくは無置換の9-カルバゾリル基であることを特徴とする[1]または[2]に記載の発光材料。
[8] R1~R5の少なくとも1つがヒドロキシ基であり、R1~R5の少なくとも1つがシアノ基であり、残りのR1~R5が置換もしくは無置換の9-カルバゾリル基であることを特徴とする[1]または[2]に記載の発光材料。
[10] 下記一般式(2)で表される化合物からなる[1]~[9]のいずれか1項に記載の発光材料。
[11] 下記一般式(3)で表される化合物からなる[1]~[9]のいずれか1項に記載の発光材料。
[12] 上記一般式(2)で表される化合物。
[13] [1]~[11]のいずれか1項に記載の発光材料を含む発光層を基板上に有することを特徴とする有機発光素子。
[14] 遅延蛍光を放射することを特徴とする[13]に記載の有機発光素子。
[15] 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子であることを特徴とする[13]または[14]に記載の有機発光素子。
[16] 上記一般式(1)で表される構造を有する遅延蛍光体。
本発明の発光材料は、下記一般式(1)で表される化合物からなることを特徴とする。また、本発明の有機発光素子は、下記一般式(1)で表される化合物を発光層の発光材料として含むことを特徴とする。そこで、一般式(1)で表される化合物について、まず説明する。
<A> R25およびR26は一緒になって単結合を形成する。
<B> R27およびR28は一緒になって置換もしくは無置換のベンゼン環を形成するのに必要な原子団を表す。
一般式(12)で表される基が置換基を有する場合は、R32~R37のいずれかが置換基であることが好ましい。例えば、R32とR37が置換基である場合、R33とR36が置換基である場合、R34とR35が置換基である場合を好ましく例示することができる。
一般式(13)で表される基が置換基を有する場合は、R42~R46のいずれかが置換基であることが好ましい。例えば、R42が置換基である場合と、R43が置換基である場合を好ましく例示することができる。
一般式(14)で表される基が置換基を有する場合は、R52~R60のいずれかが置換基であることが好ましい。例えば、R52~R54のいずれかがが置換基である場合、R55~R60のいずれかが置換基である場合を好ましく例示することができる。
一般式(15)で表される基が置換基を有する場合は、R72~R74およびR77~R79のいずれかが置換基であることが好ましい。例えば、R72とR79が置換基である場合、R73とR78が置換基である場合、R74とR77が置換基である場合、R72、R74、R77およびR79が置換基である場合を好ましく例示することができる。特に、R74とR77が置換基である場合、R72、R74、R77およびR79が置換基である場合をより好ましく例示することができる。このときの置換基は、各々独立に炭素数1~20の置換もしくは無置換のアルキル基、または炭素数6~40の置換もしくは無置換のアリール基であることが特に好ましく、炭素数1~6の無置換のアルキル基、炭素数6~10の無置換のアリール基、または炭素数6~10のアリール基で置換された炭素数6~10のアリール基であることがさらにより好ましい。
一般式(1)で表される化合物は、分子量にかかわらず塗布法で成膜してもよい。塗布法を用いれば、分子量が比較的大きな化合物であっても成膜することが可能である。
例えば、一般式(1)で表される構造を有する重合性モノマーを重合させた重合体を、有機発光素子の発光層に用いることが考えられる。具体的には、一般式(1)のR1~R5のいずれかに重合性官能基を有するモノマーを用意して、これを単独で重合させるか、他のモノマーとともに共重合させることにより、繰り返し単位を有する重合体を得て、その重合体を有機発光素子の発光層に用いることが考えられる。あるいは、一般式(1)で表される構造を有する化合物どうしをカップリングさせることにより、二量体や三量体を得て、それらを有機発光素子の発光層に用いることも考えられる。
一般式(17)および(18)において、R101、R102、R103およびR104は、各々独立に置換基を表す。好ましくは、炭素数1~6の置換もしくは無置換のアルキル基、炭素数1~6の置換もしくは無置換のアルコキシ基、ハロゲン原子であり、より好ましくは炭素数1~3の無置換のアルキル基、炭素数1~3の無置換のアルコキシ基、フッ素原子、塩素原子であり、さらに好ましくは炭素数1~3の無置換のアルキル基、炭素数1~3の無置換のアルコキシ基である。
例えば、好ましい合成法として、テトラフルオロジシアノベンゼンを用意して、これをカルバゾール、インドール、ジアリールアミン等と反応させる方法を挙げることができる。これによって、一般式(2)のR11~R15のいずれか1つがシアノ基で、残りがカルバゾリル基、インドリル基またはジアリールアミノ基である化合物を合成することができる。出発物質としてトリフルオロトリシアノベンゼンを用いれば、一般式(2)のR11~R15のいずれか2つがシアノ基で、残りがカルバゾリル基、インドリル基またはジアリールアミノ基である化合物を合成することができる。また、さらに水を添加して超音波照射する等の工程を実施することにより、ベンゼン環にヒドロキシ基を導入することもできる。
上記の反応の詳細については、後述の合成例を参考にすることができる。また、一般式(2)で表される化合物は、その他の公知の合成反応を組み合わせることによっても合成することができる。
以下において、一般式(3)で表される化合物の具体例を例示するが、本発明において用いることができる一般式(3)で表される化合物はこれらの具体例によって限定的に解釈されるべきものではない。以下の具体例におけるCzは、9-カルバゾリル基を表す。Czが、3-メチルカルバゾール-9-イル基または3,6-ジメチルカルバゾール-9-イル基である化合物も例示することができる。
本発明の一般式(1)で表される化合物は、有機発光素子の発光材料として有用である。このため、本発明の一般式(1)で表される化合物は、有機発光素子の発光層に発光材料として効果的に用いることができる。一般式(1)で表される化合物の中には、遅延蛍光を放射する遅延蛍光材料(遅延蛍光体)が含まれている。すなわち本発明は、一般式(1)で表される構造を有する遅延蛍光体の発明と、一般式(1)で表される化合物を遅延蛍光体として使用する発明と、一般式(1)で表される化合物を用いて遅延蛍光を発光させる方法の発明も提供する。そのような化合物を発光材料として用いた有機発光素子は、遅延蛍光を放射し、発光効率が高いという特徴を有する。その原理を、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を例にとって説明すると以下のようになる。
以下において、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の各部材および各層について説明する。なお、基板と発光層の説明は有機フォトルミネッセンス素子の基板と発光層にも該当する。
本発明の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子は、基板に支持されていることが好ましい。この基板については、特に制限はなく、従来から有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子に慣用されているものであればよく、例えば、ガラス、透明プラスチック、石英、シリコンなどからなるものを用いることができる。
有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子における陽極としては、仕事関数の大きい(4eV以上)金属、合金、電気伝導性化合物およびこれらの混合物を電極材料とするものが好ましく用いられる。このような電極材料の具体例としてはAu等の金属、CuI、インジウムチンオキシド(ITO)、SnO2、ZnO等の導電性透明材料が挙げられる。また、IDIXO(In2O3-ZnO)等非晶質で透明導電膜を作製可能な材料を用いてもよい。陽極はこれらの電極材料を蒸着やスパッタリング等の方法により、薄膜を形成させ、フォトリソグラフィー法で所望の形状のパターンを形成してもよく、あるいはパターン精度をあまり必要としない場合は(100μm以上程度)、上記電極材料の蒸着やスパッタリング時に所望の形状のマスクを介してパターンを形成してもよい。あるいは、有機導電性化合物のように塗布可能な材料を用いる場合には、印刷方式、コーティング方式等湿式成膜法を用いることもできる。この陽極より発光を取り出す場合には、透過率を10%より大きくすることが望ましく、また陽極としてのシート抵抗は数百Ω/□以下が好ましい。さらに膜厚は材料にもよるが、通常10~1000nm、好ましくは10~200nmの範囲で選ばれる。
一方、陰極としては、仕事関数の小さい(4eV以下)金属(電子注入性金属と称する)、合金、電気伝導性化合物およびこれらの混合物を電極材料とするものが用いられる。このような電極材料の具体例としては、ナトリウム、ナトリウム-カリウム合金、マグネシウム、リチウム、マグネシウム/銅混合物、マグネシウム/銀混合物、マグネシウム/アルミニウム混合物、マグネシウム/インジウム混合物、アルミニウム/酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)混合物、インジウム、リチウム/アルミニウム混合物、希土類金属等が挙げられる。これらの中で、電子注入性および酸化等に対する耐久性の点から、電子注入性金属とこれより仕事関数の値が大きく安定な金属である第二金属との混合物、例えば、マグネシウム/銀混合物、マグネシウム/アルミニウム混合物、マグネシウム/インジウム混合物、アルミニウム/酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)混合物、リチウム/アルミニウム混合物、アルミニウム等が好適である。陰極はこれらの電極材料を蒸着やスパッタリング等の方法により薄膜を形成させることにより、作製することができる。また、陰極としてのシート抵抗は数百Ω/□以下が好ましく、膜厚は通常10nm~5μm、好ましくは50~200nmの範囲で選ばれる。なお、発光した光を透過させるため、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の陽極または陰極のいずれか一方が、透明または半透明であれば発光輝度が向上し好都合である。
また、陽極の説明で挙げた導電性透明材料を陰極に用いることで、透明または半透明の陰極を作製することができ、これを応用することで陽極と陰極の両方が透過性を有する素子を作製することができる。
発光層は、陽極および陰極のそれぞれから注入された正孔および電子が再結合することにより励起子が生成した後、発光する層であり、発光材料を単独で発光層に使用しても良いが、好ましくは発光材料とホスト材料を含む。発光材料としては、一般式(1)で表される本発明の化合物群から選ばれる1種または2種以上を用いることができる。本発明の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子および有機フォトルミネッセンス素子が高い発光効率を発現するためには、発光材料に生成した一重項励起子および三重項励起子を、発光材料中に閉じ込めることが重要である。従って、発光層中に発光材料に加えてホスト材料を用いることが好ましい。ホスト材料としては、励起一重項エネルギー、励起三重項エネルギーの少なくとも何れか一方が本発明の発光材料よりも高い値を有する有機化合物を用いることができる。その結果、本発明の発光材料に生成した一重項励起子および三重項励起子を、本発明の発光材料の分子中に閉じ込めることが可能となり、その発光効率を十分に引き出すことが可能となる。もっとも、一重項励起子および三重項励起子を十分に閉じ込めることができなくても、高い発光効率を得ることが可能な場合もあるため、高い発光効率を実現しうるホスト材料であれば特に制約なく本発明に用いることができる。本発明の有機発光素子または有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子において、発光は発光層に含まれる本発明の発光材料から生じる。この発光は蛍光発光および遅延蛍光発光の両方を含む。但し、発光の一部或いは部分的にホスト材料からの発光があってもかまわない。
ホスト材料を用いる場合、発光材料である本発明の化合物が発光層中に含有される量は0.1重量%以上であることが好ましく、1重量%以上であることがより好ましく、また、50重量%以下であることが好ましく、20重量%以下であることがより好ましく、10重量%以下であることがさらに好ましい。
発光層におけるホスト材料としては、正孔輸送能、電子輸送能を有し、かつ発光の長波長化を防ぎ、なおかつ高いガラス転移温度を有する有機化合物であることが好ましい。
注入層とは、駆動電圧低下や発光輝度向上のために電極と有機層間に設けられる層のことで、正孔注入層と電子注入層があり、陽極と発光層または正孔輸送層の間、および陰極と発光層または電子輸送層との間に存在させてもよい。注入層は必要に応じて設けることができる。
阻止層は、発光層中に存在する電荷(電子もしくは正孔)および/または励起子の発光層外への拡散を阻止することができる層である。電子阻止層は、発光層および正孔輸送層の間に配置されることができ、電子が正孔輸送層の方に向かって発光層を通過することを阻止する。同様に、正孔阻止層は発光層および電子輸送層の間に配置されることができ、正孔が電子輸送層の方に向かって発光層を通過することを阻止する。阻止層はまた、励起子が発光層の外側に拡散することを阻止するために用いることができる。すなわち電子阻止層、正孔阻止層はそれぞれ励起子阻止層としての機能も兼ね備えることができる。本明細書でいう電子阻止層または励起子阻止層は、一つの層で電子阻止層および励起子阻止層の機能を有する層を含む意味で使用される。
正孔阻止層とは広い意味では電子輸送層の機能を有する。正孔阻止層は電子を輸送しつつ、正孔が電子輸送層へ到達することを阻止する役割があり、これにより発光層中での電子と正孔の再結合確率を向上させることができる。正孔阻止層の材料としては、後述する電子輸送層の材料を必要に応じて用いることができる。
電子阻止層とは、広い意味では正孔を輸送する機能を有する。電子阻止層は正孔を輸送しつつ、電子が正孔輸送層へ到達することを阻止する役割があり、これにより発光層中での電子と正孔が再結合する確率を向上させることができる。
励起子阻止層とは、発光層内で正孔と電子が再結合することにより生じた励起子が電荷輸送層に拡散することを阻止するための層であり、本層の挿入により励起子を効率的に発光層内に閉じ込めることが可能となり、素子の発光効率を向上させることができる。励起子阻止層は発光層に隣接して陽極側、陰極側のいずれにも挿入することができ、両方同時に挿入することも可能である。すなわち、励起子阻止層を陽極側に有する場合、正孔輸送層と発光層の間に、発光層に隣接して該層を挿入することができ、陰極側に挿入する場合、発光層と陰極との間に、発光層に隣接して該層を挿入することができる。また、陽極と、発光層の陽極側に隣接する励起子阻止層との間には、正孔注入層や電子阻止層などを有することができ、陰極と、発光層の陰極側に隣接する励起子阻止層との間には、電子注入層、電子輸送層、正孔阻止層などを有することができる。阻止層を配置する場合、阻止層として用いる材料の励起一重項エネルギーおよび励起三重項エネルギーの少なくともいずれか一方は、発光材料の励起一重項エネルギーおよび励起三重項エネルギーよりも高いことが好ましい。
正孔輸送層とは正孔を輸送する機能を有する正孔輸送材料からなり、正孔輸送層は単層または複数層設けることができる。
正孔輸送材料としては、正孔の注入または輸送、電子の障壁性のいずれかを有するものであり、有機物、無機物のいずれであってもよい。使用できる公知の正孔輸送材料としては例えば、トリアゾール誘導体、オキサジアゾール誘導体、イミダゾール誘導体、カルバゾール誘導体、インドロカルバゾール誘導体、ポリアリールアルカン誘導体、ピラゾリン誘導体およびピラゾロン誘導体、フェニレンジアミン誘導体、アリールアミン誘導体、アミノ置換カルコン誘導体、オキサゾール誘導体、スチリルアントラセン誘導体、フルオレノン誘導体、ヒドラゾン誘導体、スチルベン誘導体、シラザン誘導体、アニリン系共重合体、また導電性高分子オリゴマー、特にチオフェンオリゴマー等が挙げられるが、ポルフィリン化合物、芳香族第3級アミン化合物およびスチリルアミン化合物を用いることが好ましく、芳香族第3級アミン化合物を用いることがより好ましい。
電子輸送層とは電子を輸送する機能を有する材料からなり、電子輸送層は単層または複数層設けることができる。
電子輸送材料(正孔阻止材料を兼ねる場合もある)としては、陰極より注入された電子を発光層に伝達する機能を有していればよい。使用できる電子輸送層としては例えば、ニトロ置換フルオレン誘導体、ジフェニルキノン誘導体、チオピランジオキシド誘導体、カルボジイミド、フレオレニリデンメタン誘導体、アントラキノジメタンおよびアントロン誘導体、オキサジアゾール誘導体等が挙げられる。さらに、上記オキサジアゾール誘導体において、オキサジアゾール環の酸素原子を硫黄原子に置換したチアジアゾール誘導体、電子吸引基として知られているキノキサリン環を有するキノキサリン誘導体も、電子輸送材料として用いることができる。さらにこれらの材料を高分子鎖に導入した、またはこれらの材料を高分子の主鎖とした高分子材料を用いることもできる。
一方、りん光については、本発明の化合物のような通常の有機化合物では、励起三重項エネルギーは不安定で熱等に変換され、寿命が短く直ちに失活するため、室温では殆ど観測できない。通常の有機化合物の励起三重項エネルギーを測定するためには、極低温の条件での発光を観測することにより測定可能である。
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6,ppm):δ7.93-7.89(m,16H),7.26(t,J=7.8Hz,8H),7.16(t,J=7.8Hz,8H).
元素分析:計算値 C,85.26;H,4.09;N,10.65
実測値 C,85.28;H,4.11;N,10.61
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6,ppm):δ7.81(d,J=8.5Hz,8H),7.71(s,8H),7.11(d,J=8.5Hz,8H),2.37(s,24H).
元素分析C64H48N6:計算値 C,85.30;H,5.37;N,9.33%
実測値 C85.39,H5.36,N9.35%.
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6,ppm):δ7.77(d,J=1.5Hz,8H),7.43(d,J=8.5Hz,8H),7.08(dd,J=8.8Hz,1.5Hz,8H),1.35(s,72H).
元素分析C88H96N6:計算値 C,85.39;H,7.82;N,6.79%
実測値 C85.38,H7.82,N6.78%.
1H NMR(500MHz,アセトン-d6,ppm):δ8.33(d,J=7.7Hz,2H),8.06(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.84-7.82(m,4H),7.71-7.66(m,6H),7.49-7.45(m,4H),7.43(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.14-7.08(m,8H),6.816(t,J=7.3Hz,2H),6.71(t,J=7.7Hz,2H).
元素分析:計算値 C,85.26;H,4.09;N,10.65
実測値 C,85.22;H,4.03;N,10.62
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6,ppm):δ7.90-7.87(m,4H),7.72-7.70(m,4H),7.40-7.37(m,8H),7.16-7.10(m,8H),6.74(t,J=7.7Hz,4H),6.60(t,J=7.7Hz,4H).
元素分析:計算値 C,85.26;H,4.09;N,10.65
実測値 C,85.16;H,4.02;N,10.55
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6,ppm):δ7.64(s,4H),7.54(d,J=8.5Hz,4H),7.27(d,J=8.5Hz,4H),7.15(s,4H),6.95(dd,J=8.3Hz,1.5Hz,4H),6.44(dd,J=8.5Hz,1.5Hz,4H),2.34(s,12H),2.10(s,12H).
元素分析:計算値 C,85.30;H,5.37;N,9.33
実測値 C,85.34;H,5.35;N,9.30
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6,ppm):δ8.37(d,J=1.5Hz,8H),8.05(d,J=8.5Hz,8H),7.70(m,16H),7.62(dd,J=8.5,1.5Hz,8H),7.45(m,16H),7.36(m,8H);
IR(KBr,cm-1):2236,2228,1600,1476,1456,1441,1290,1226;
MALDI-TOFMS(m/z):[M]+ C104H64N6計算値,1396.52;実測値1396.66;
元素分析:計算値 C,89.37;H,4.62;N,6.01
実測値 C,89.26;H,4.53;N,5.95
1H NMR(500MHz,アセトン-d6,ppm):δ8.73(s,2H),7.91-7.89(m,4H),7.40-7.38(m,4H),7.13-7.09(m,8H).
MS(MALDI):m/z 計算値:458.15[M+H]+;実測値:458.12.
化合物cである2,5-ジブロモテレフタロニトリル(1.44g,5.0mol)、9H-カルバゾール(1.89g,11.3mol)、銅粉末(0.64g,10mol)、炭酸カリウム(2.79g,20mol)、18-クラウン-6(0.25g,0.94mol)、DMSO(5mL)を窒素雰囲気下で二口フラスコに入れ140℃で9時間撹拌した。その後、反応物をクロロホルムに溶解させろ過により不純物を取った後、水で洗浄し、硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥した。その後カラムクロマトグラフィー(クロロホルム)により精製し、黄色の粉末を収量0.53g,収率23%で得た。
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6,ppm):δ7.73(s,4H),7.67(d,J=8.0Hz,4H),7.51-7.33(m,24H),7.09(t,J=7.8Hz,4H),7.02(t,J=7.5Hz,4H).
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6,ppm):δ7.48(d,J=8.0Hz,4H),7.33(t,J=7.0Hz,4H),7.26(t,J=7.0Hz,8H),7.09(t,J=7.0Hz,4H),6.99(d,J=8.0Hz,4H),6.81(t,J=8.0Hz,4H),6.65(s,4H),6.53(d,J=7.0Hz,8H).
本実施例において、合成例1で合成した化合物1のトルエン溶液を調製して、窒素をバブリングしながら300Kで280nmの光を照射したところ、表7に示す発光波長を観測した。時間分解スペクトルを、浜松ホトニクス(株)製C4334型ストリークカメラを用いて行い、発光寿命の短い成分を蛍光、発光寿命が長い成分を遅延蛍光と判断した(図2)。蛍光成分と遅延蛍光成分の寿命は表7に示すとおりであった。
また、化合物1のかわりに、合成例2~11で合成した各化合物を用いて同様の評価を行った結果も表7に示す。ただし、化合物392と化合物901については、窒素でバブリングせずに測定した。
本実施例において、化合物1とホスト材料からなる発光層を有する有機フォトルミネッセンス素子を作製して、特性を評価した。
シリコン基板上に真空蒸着法にて、真空度5.0×10-4Paの条件にて化合物1とmCPとを異なる蒸着源から蒸着し、化合物1の濃度が6.0重量%である薄膜を0.3nm/秒にて100nmの厚さで形成して有機フォトルミネッセンス素子とした。浜松ホトニクス(株)製C9920-02型絶対量子収率測定装置を用いて、N2レーザーにより337nmの光を照射した際の薄膜からの発光スペクトルを300Kで特性評価したところ、548nmの発光が確認され、その際の発光量子収率は47%であった。次に、20K、50K、100K、150K、200K、250Kおよび300Kの各温度で、この素子にN2レーザーにより337nmの光を照射した際の時間分解スペクトルの評価を、浜松ホトニクス(株)製C4334型ストリークカメラを用いて行い、発光寿命の短い成分を蛍光、発光寿命が長い成分を遅延蛍光と判断した。その結果、50~500Kの間で蛍光成分と遅延蛍光成分が観測された(図3)。蛍光成分は12~16nsであり、遅延蛍光成分は100Kで11μs、150Kで8.8μsであった。
本実施例において、化合物1とCBPからなる発光層を有する有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を作製して、特性を評価した。
膜厚100nmのインジウム・スズ酸化物(ITO)からなる陽極が形成されたガラス基板上に、各薄膜を真空蒸着法にて、真空度5.0×10-4Paで積層した。まず、ITO上にα-NPDを35nmの厚さに形成した。次に、化合物1とCBPを異なる蒸着源から共蒸着し、15nmの厚さの層を形成して発光層とした。この時、化合物1の濃度は6.0重量%とした。次に、TPBiを65nmの厚さに形成し、さらにフッ化リチウム(LiF)を0.8nm真空蒸着し、次いでアルミニウム(Al)を80nmの厚さに蒸着することにより陰極を形成し、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子とした。
製造した有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を、半導体パラメータ・アナライザ(アジレント・テクノロジー社製:E5273A)、光パワーメータ測定装置(ニューポート社製:1930C)、および光学分光器(オーシャンオプティクス社製:USB2000)を用いて測定したところ、544nmの発光が認められた。電流密度-電圧(J-V)特性を図4に示し、電流密度-外部量子効率特性を図5に示す。化合物1を発光材料として用いた有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子は17.06%の高い外部量子効率を達成した。
実施例3の化合物1のかわりに化合物6を用いて有機フォトルミネッセンス素子を作製して同じ試験を行った結果、553nmの発光が認められた。電流密度-外部量子効率特性を図6に示す。
実施例3の化合物1のかわりに化合物301を用いて有機フォトルミネッセンス素子を作製して同じ試験を行った結果、513nmの発光が認められた。電流密度-外部量子効率特性を図7に示す。化合物301を発光材料として用いた有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子は19.32%の高い外部量子効率を達成した。
実施例3の化合物1のかわりに化合物501を用いて有機フォトルミネッセンス素子を作製して同じ試験を行った結果、530nmの発光が認められた。電流密度-電圧(J-V)特性を図8に示し、電流密度-外部量子効率特性を図9に示す。化合物501を発光材料として用いた有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子は17.84%の高い外部量子効率を達成した。
本実施例において、合成例9で合成した化合物252を発光材料として含む発光層を有する有機エレクトロルミネセンス素子を作製して、特性を評価した。
膜厚100nmのインジウム・スズ酸化物(ITO)からなる陽極が形成されたガラス基板上に、各薄膜を真空蒸着法にて、真空度5.0×10-4Paで積層した。まず、ITO上にα-NPDを35nmの厚さに形成した。さらに、化合物252とCBPを異なる蒸着源から共蒸着し、15nmの厚さの層を形成して発光層とした。この時、化合物252の濃度は6.0重量%とした。次に、TPBiを65nmの厚さに形成し、さらにフッ化リチウム(LiF)を0.8nm真空蒸着し、次いでアルミニウム(Al)を80nmの厚さに蒸着することにより陰極を形成し、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子とした。
製造した有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を、半導体パラメータ・アナライザ(アジレント・テクノロジー社製:E5273A)、光パワーメータ測定装置(ニューポート社製:1930C)、および光学分光器(オーシャンオプティクス社製:USB2000)を用いて測定したところ、図10に示す発光スペクトルが観測された。電流密度-電圧(J-V)特性を図11に示し、電流密度-外部量子効率特性を図12に示す。
本実施例において、合成例10で合成した化合物523を発光材料として含む発光層を有する有機エレクトロルミネセンス素子を作製して、特性を評価した。
膜厚100nmのインジウム・スズ酸化物(ITO)からなる陽極が形成されたガラス基板上に、各薄膜を真空蒸着法にて、真空度5.0×10-4Paで積層した。まず、ITO上にα-NPDを40nmの厚さに形成し、次いでmCPを10nmの厚さに形成した。さらに、化合物523とPPTを異なる蒸着源から共蒸着し、20nmの厚さの層を形成して発光層とした。この時、化合物523の濃度は6.0重量%とした。次に、PPTを40nmの厚さに形成し、さらにフッ化リチウム(LiF)を0.8nm真空蒸着し、次いでアルミニウム(Al)を80nmの厚さに蒸着することにより陰極を形成し、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子とした。
製造した有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を、半導体パラメータ・アナライザ(アジレント・テクノロジー社製:E5273A)、光パワーメータ測定装置(ニューポート社製:1930C)、および光学分光器(オーシャンオプティクス社製:USB2000)を用いて測定したところ、図13に示す発光スペクトルが観測された。電流密度-電圧(J-V)特性を図14に示し、電流密度-外部量子効率特性を図15に示す。
本実施例において、合成例11で合成した化合物31を発光材料として含む発光層を有する有機エレクトロルミネセンス素子を作製して、特性を評価した。
膜厚100nmのインジウム・スズ酸化物(ITO)からなる陽極が形成されたガラス基板上に、各薄膜を真空蒸着法にて、真空度5.0×10-4Paで積層した。まず、ITO上にα-NPDを35nmの厚さに形成し、次いでmCPを10nmの厚さに形成した。さらに、化合物31とmCPを異なる蒸着源から共蒸着し、15nmの厚さの層を形成して発光層とした。この時、化合物31の濃度は3.0重量%とした。次に、PPTを10nmの厚さに形成し、その上にTPBiを40nmの厚さに形成し、さらにフッ化リチウム(LiF)を0.8nm真空蒸着し、次いでアルミニウム(Al)を100nmの厚さに蒸着することにより陰極を形成し、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子とした。
製造した有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を、半導体パラメータ・アナライザ(アジレント・テクノロジー社製:E5273A)、光パワーメータ測定装置(ニューポート社製:1930C)、および光学分光器(オーシャンオプティクス社製:USB2000)を用いて測定したところ、図16に示す発光スペクトルが観測された。電流密度-電圧(J-V)特性を図17に示し、電流密度-外部量子効率特性を図18に示す。
本実施例において、発光材料として化合物1を種々の濃度で含む発光層を有する有機エレクトロルミネセンス素子を作製して、特性を評価した。
膜厚100nmのインジウム・スズ酸化物(ITO)からなる陽極が形成されたガラス基板上に、各薄膜を真空蒸着法にて、真空度5.0×10-4Paで積層した。まず、ITO上にHAT-CNを10nmの厚さに形成し、次いでTris-PCzを30nmの厚さに形成した。次に、化合物1とmCBPを異なる蒸着源から共蒸着し、30nmの厚さの層を形成して発光層とした。この時、化合物1の濃度は3重量%、6重量%、10重量%または15重量%とした。次に、T2Tを10nmの厚さに形成し、次いでBPy-TP2を40nmの厚さに形成し、さらにフッ化リチウム(LiF)を0.8nm真空蒸着し、次いでアルミニウム(Al)を100nmの厚さに蒸着することにより陰極を形成し、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子とした。また、比較のため、発光層の化合物1を6重量%のIr(ppy)3に変更した有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子も作製した。各有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子について、実施例3と同じ機器を用いて測定を行った。輝度-発光効率特性を図19に示し、輝度劣化特性を図20に示す。化合物1の濃度が3重量%の場合は外部量子効率17.0%、6重量%の場合は外部量子効率15.6%、10重量%の場合は外部量子効率14.2%、15重量%の場合は外部量子効率14.0%を達成した。化合物1の濃度が10重量%の場合は1000cd/m2においても高い外部量子効率(13.8%)を達成した。
2 陽極
3 正孔注入層
4 正孔輸送層
5 発光層
6 電子輸送層
7 陰極
Claims (16)
- 遅延蛍光を放射することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の発光材料。
- R1~R5の少なくとも1つが置換もしくは無置換の9-カルバゾリル基、置換もしくは無置換の1,2,3,4-テトラヒドロ-9-カルバゾリル基、置換もしくは無置換の1-インドリル基、または置換もしくは無置換のジアリールアミノ基を表すことを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の発光材料。
- R1~R5の少なくとも2つが置換もしくは無置換の9-カルバゾリル基、置換もしくは無置換の1,2,3,4-テトラヒドロ-9-カルバゾリル基、置換もしくは無置換の1-インドリル基、または置換もしくは無置換のジアリールアミノ基を表すことを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の発光材料。
- R1~R5の少なくとも1つがシアノ基であり、残りのR1~R5が、各々独立にヒドロキシ基、ハロゲン原子、置換もしくは無置換の9-カルバゾリル基、置換もしくは無置換の1,2,3,4-テトラヒドロ-9-カルバゾリル基、置換もしくは無置換の1-インドリル基、または置換もしくは無置換のジアリールアミノ基のいずれかを表すことを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の発光材料。
- R1~R5の少なくとも1つがシアノ基であり、残りのR1~R5が、各々独立に置換もしくは無置換の9-カルバゾリル基、置換もしくは無置換の1,2,3,4-テトラヒドロ-9-カルバゾリル基、置換もしくは無置換の1-インドリル基、または置換もしくは無置換のジアリールアミノ基のいずれかを表すことを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の発光材料。
- R1~R5の少なくとも1つがシアノ基であり、残りのR1~R5が置換もしくは無置換の9-カルバゾリル基であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の発光材料。
- R1~R5の少なくとも1つがヒドロキシ基であり、R1~R5の少なくとも1つがシアノ基であり、残りのR1~R5が置換もしくは無置換の9-カルバゾリル基であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の発光材料。
- 請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の発光材料を含む発光層を基板上に有することを特徴とする有機発光素子。
- 遅延蛍光を放射することを特徴とする請求項13に記載の有機発光素子。
- 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子であることを特徴とする請求項13または14に記載の有機発光素子。
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CN201380019213.2A CN104204132B (zh) | 2012-04-09 | 2013-04-08 | 有机发光元件及用于其的发光材料以及化合物 |
ES13775410T ES2712825T3 (es) | 2012-04-09 | 2013-04-08 | Dispositivo orgánico de emisión de luz y material de emisión de luz y compuesto usado para el mismo |
KR1020207004986A KR102168905B1 (ko) | 2012-04-09 | 2013-04-08 | 유기 발광 소자 그리고 그것에 사용하는 발광 재료 및 화합물 |
US14/391,228 US9502668B2 (en) | 2012-04-09 | 2013-04-08 | Organic light-emitting device, and light-emitting material and compound used therefor |
KR1020147030961A KR102082528B1 (ko) | 2012-04-09 | 2013-04-08 | 유기 발광 소자 그리고 그것에 사용하는 발광 재료 및 화합물 |
EP13775410.7A EP2851408B1 (en) | 2012-04-09 | 2013-04-08 | Organic light emitting device, and light emitting material and compound used therefor |
US15/293,889 US10276803B2 (en) | 2012-04-09 | 2016-10-14 | Organic light-emitting device, and light-emitting material and compound used therefor |
US16/394,055 US20190252625A1 (en) | 2012-04-09 | 2019-04-25 | Organic light-emitting device, and light-emitting material and compound used therefor |
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US15/293,889 Continuation US10276803B2 (en) | 2012-04-09 | 2016-10-14 | Organic light-emitting device, and light-emitting material and compound used therefor |
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KR102082528B1 (ko) | 2020-02-27 |
US20150105564A1 (en) | 2015-04-16 |
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US20190252625A1 (en) | 2019-08-15 |
CN104204132A (zh) | 2014-12-10 |
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CN107522652B (zh) | 2021-01-05 |
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US20170256720A1 (en) | 2017-09-07 |
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