WO2011126079A1 - ポリアクリル酸(塩)系吸水性樹脂粉末の製造方法及びポリアクリル酸(塩)系吸水性樹脂粉末 - Google Patents
ポリアクリル酸(塩)系吸水性樹脂粉末の製造方法及びポリアクリル酸(塩)系吸水性樹脂粉末 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a polyacrylic acid (salt) water-absorbing resin powder and a polyacrylic acid (salt) -based water absorbent resin powder. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for producing a water-absorbent resin powder used in sanitary goods such as paper diapers and sanitary napkins, and has excellent water absorption performance (especially high liquid permeability and high water absorption speed). The present invention relates to a method for producing a (salt) water-absorbent resin powder and a polyacrylic acid (salt) -based water absorbent resin powder.
- Water-absorbing resin (SAP / Super Absorbent Polymer) is a water-swellable, water-insoluble polymer gelling agent, absorbent articles such as paper diapers and sanitary napkins, water retaining agents for agriculture and horticulture, and industrial waterstops. As a material etc., it is frequently used mainly for disposable use.
- a water-absorbing resin many monomers and hydrophilic polymers have been proposed as raw materials, and in particular, polyacrylic acid (salt) using acrylic acid and / or a salt thereof as a monomer. Based on its high water absorption performance, most water-based water-absorbing resins are industrially used (Non-patent Document 1).
- Such a water-absorbent resin is produced through a polymerization process, a drying process, if necessary, a process for removing undried material, a pulverization process, a classification process, a surface crosslinking process, and the like (Patent Documents 1 to 5 and Patent Document 50).
- many functions are also required for water-absorbing resins. Specifically, the gel strength, water-soluble content, water absorption speed, water absorption capacity under pressure, liquid permeability, particle size distribution, urine resistance, antibacterial properties, impact resistance (resistance to resistance) Damageability), powder fluidity, deodorization, color resistance (whiteness), low dust and the like.
- surface cross-linking techniques such as surface cross-linking techniques, additives, and manufacturing process changes.
- liquid permeability has been seen as a more important factor in recent years as the amount of water-absorbent resin used in paper diapers increases (for example, 50% by weight or more).
- improvement methods and improvement techniques for under-load liquid permeability and under-load liquid permeability such as SFC (Saline Flow Conductivity / Patent Document 6) and GBP (Gel Bed Permeability / Patent Documents 7 to 9) have been proposed. Yes.
- Patent Document 10 a technique for defining impact resistance (FI)
- FSR / Vortex a technique for defining water absorption speed (FSR / Vortex), etc.
- Patent Document 12 a technique that defines the product of liquid diffusion performance (SFC) and core absorption after 60 minutes (DA60) is known.
- Patent Document 13 a technique of adding gypsum before or during polymerization
- Patent Document 14 a technique of adding a spacer
- Patent Document 15 a technology using a nitrogen-containing polymer having a protonizable nitrogen atom
- Patent Document 16 a technology using a polyamine and a polyvalent metal ion or polyvalent anion
- Patent Document 18 a technique using polyammonium carbonate
- a technique using polyamines with a water-soluble content of 3% or more and a technique (Patent Documents 19 to 21) for defining the wicking index (WI) and gel strength are known.
- polymerization is also known.
- a technique (Patent Document 24) is known in which particles are polished to control the bulk specific gravity to be high.
- the water absorption rate is also an important basic physical property of the water-absorbent resin, and as a method for improving the water absorption rate, a technique for improving the water absorption rate by increasing the specific surface area is known.
- a technique for finely controlling the particle diameter Patent Document 25
- a technique for granulating fine particles having a large surface area Patent Documents 26 to 28
- a technique for freeze-drying a hydrogel to make it porous Patent Document 25) 29
- a technique of surface crosslinking simultaneously with granulation Patent Documents 30 to 32
- a technique of foam polymerization Patent Documents 33 to 48
- a technique of foaming and crosslinking after polymerization Patent Document 49
- a technique using a carbonate specifically, a technique using an organic solvent (Patent Documents 41 and 42), inert A technique using a gas (Patent Documents 43 to 45), a technique using an azo compound (Patent Documents 46 and 47), a technique using an insoluble inorganic powder (Patent Document 48), and the like are known.
- liquid permeability and water absorption speed are contradictory physical properties, and if one improves, the other has a characteristic of decreasing.
- Conventional improvement techniques are techniques for improving the physical properties of only one of them, and therefore, there is a need for a technique for improving one but not reducing the other, or improving both.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a water-absorbing resin powder production method and a water-absorbing property, in which liquid permeability and water absorption speed are compatible (particularly, liquid permeability (SFC) is improved while maintaining the water absorption speed (FSR)). It is to provide resin powder.
- gel grinding gel grinding energy (GGE) 18 to 60 [J / g] or gel grinding energy (2) while applying appropriate shearing and compressive force to the hydrogel crosslinked polymer)
- GGE (2) Gel pulverization at 9 to 40 [J / g], or the weight-average molecular weight of the water-soluble gel-containing crosslinked polymer is 10,000 to 500,000 [G]. Da] increase) by drying the particulate water-containing gel-like crosslinked polymer, the shape of the water-absorbent resin after drying is changed to achieve both liquid permeability and water absorption speed (particularly water absorption speed (FSR)).
- the liquid permeability (SFC) can be improved while maintaining the above), and the present invention has been completed.
- the manufacturing method (first manufacturing method) of the water-absorbent resin powder of the present invention includes a polymerization step of an acrylic acid (salt) -based monomer aqueous solution, and a gel of a hydrogel crosslinked polymer during or after polymerization.
- a method for producing a polyacrylic acid (salt) -based water-absorbent resin powder comprising a pulverization step and a drying step after gel pulverization, wherein the water-containing gel has a resin solid content of 10 to 80% by weight in the gel pulverization step.
- the gel-like crosslinked polymer is subjected to gel grinding with a gel grinding energy (GGE) of 18 to 60 [J / g], followed by drying at a drying temperature of 150 to 250 ° C. and further surface treatment.
- GGE gel grinding energy
- the method for producing the water-absorbent resin powder of the present invention includes a polymerization step of an aqueous solution of an acrylic acid (salt) monomer and a gel of a hydrogel crosslinked polymer during or after polymerization.
- a method for producing a polyacrylic acid (salt) -based water-absorbent resin powder comprising a pulverization step and a drying step after gel pulverization, wherein the water-containing gel has a resin solid content of 10 to 80% by weight in the gel pulverization step.
- the gel-like crosslinked polymer is subjected to gel grinding with gel grinding energy (2) (GGE (2)) 9 to 40 [J / g], followed by drying at a drying temperature of 150 to 250 ° C. and further surface treatment.
- GGE (2) gel grinding energy (2)
- the manufacturing method (third manufacturing method) of the water-absorbent resin powder of the present invention includes a polymerization step of an acrylic acid (salt) -based monomer aqueous solution, and a gel of a hydrogel crosslinked polymer during or after polymerization.
- a method for producing a polyacrylic acid (salt) -based water-absorbent resin powder comprising a pulverization step and a drying step after gel pulverization, wherein the water-containing gel has a resin solid content of 10 to 80% by weight in the gel pulverization step.
- the drying temperature in the dryer is 150 to It is characterized by drying at 250 ° C. and further surface treatment.
- a particulate hydrogel crosslinked polymer having all the physical properties of a specific weight average particle diameter, logarithmic standard deviation of particle size distribution, and resin solid content is dried under specific conditions. Further, by performing surface treatment, it is possible to achieve both liquid permeability and water absorption speed of the resulting water-absorbent resin powder (especially improved liquid permeability (SFC) while maintaining the water absorption speed (FSR)). As a result, the present invention has been completed.
- SFC improved liquid permeability
- FSR water absorption speed
- the manufacturing method (fourth manufacturing method) of the water-absorbing resin powder of the present invention includes a polymerization step of an acrylic acid (salt) monomer aqueous solution, and a gel of a hydrogel crosslinked polymer during or after polymerization.
- a method for producing a polyacrylic acid (salt) -based water-absorbent resin powder, comprising a grinding step and a drying step after gel grinding, wherein the weight of the particulate hydrogel crosslinked polymer obtained in the gel grinding step
- the average particle size (D50) is 350 to 2000 ⁇ m
- the logarithmic standard deviation ( ⁇ ) of the particle size distribution is 0.2 to 1.0.
- the resinous solid content of the water-containing gel-like polymer is 10 to 80% by weight, the drying temperature in the vent belt dryer is 150 to 250 ° C., and the hot air velocity is 0 in the vertical direction (vertical direction). .8 to 2.5 [m / s], surface treatment step Characterized in that it further comprises.
- the manufacturing method of the water-absorbent resin powder of the present invention includes a polymerization step of an acrylic acid (salt) monomer aqueous solution, and a hydrogel-like cross-linking polymer during or after polymerization.
- a method for producing a polyacrylic acid (salt) water-absorbing resin powder comprising a gel pulverization step of coalescence and a drying step after gel pulverization, wherein the solid content of the resin in the gel pulverization step is 10 to 80% by weight Gel pulverization satisfying at least one of the following (1) to (4): (1) Gel grinding with gel grinding energy (GGE) 18-60 [J / g], (2) Gel grinding energy (2) Gel grinding with (GGE (2)) 9-40 [J / g] (3) The weight-average molecular weight of the water-soluble portion of the hydrogel crosslinked polymer is increased by 10,000 to 500,000 [Da].
- the resin solid content of the particulate hydrogel polymer when charged into the ventilation belt dryer is 10 to 80% by weight, and the ventilation belt dryer And the hot air velocity is 0.8 to 2.5 [m / s] in the vertical direction (vertical direction).
- the gel pulverization of the present invention at least one of the above (1) to (4) is essentially satisfied, preferably 2 or more, further 3 or more, particularly 4 or more.
- the gel pulverization is not limited to the above (4), and preferably also in the gel pulverization described in (1) to (3) above, drying with the above-described aeration belt type dryer and the drying conditions (such as the wind speed of hot air) ) Applies. More preferably, surface cross-linking, particularly a covalent bond surface cross-linking agent and an ionic bond surface cross-linking agent described later are used in combination.
- the present invention relates to In the polyacrylic acid (salt) water-absorbent resin powder, the proportion of particles having a particle size of 150 ⁇ m or more and less than 850 ⁇ m is 95% by weight or more, and the logarithmic standard deviation ( ⁇ ) of the particle size distribution is 0.25 to 0.
- polyacrylic acid (salt) water-absorbing resin powder polyacrylic acid (salt) water-absorbing resin powder, water absorption capacity under pressure (AAP) of 20 [g / g] or more, water absorption rate (FSR) of 0.30 [g / g / s
- AAP water absorption capacity under pressure
- FSR water absorption rate
- the internal cell ratio defined by the following formula is 0.1 to 2.5%.
- At least one of the gel pulverizations of the above (1) to (4) is applied with appropriate shear / compression force to the hydrogel crosslinked polymer, followed by drying and further surface treatment.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a configuration of a screw type extruder used in a gel grinding step of a hydrogel crosslinked polymer.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating closed cells (Closed-Cell) and open cells (Open-Cell) in the water-absorbent resin powder.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an operation for finely pulverizing a water-absorbent resin powder (for example, the ratio of the particle size of 850 to 150 ⁇ m is 95% by weight or more) for measuring the true density of the present invention to less than 45 ⁇ m. is there.
- Water absorbent resin The “water-absorbing resin” in the present invention means a water-swellable water-insoluble polymer gelling agent.
- Water swellability means that the CRC (water absorption capacity under no pressure) specified by ERT442.2-02 is 5 [g / g] or more, and “water insolubility” means ERT470.2.
- Ext water soluble content specified by ⁇ 02 is 0 to 50% by weight.
- the water-absorbent resin can be appropriately designed according to its use and is not particularly limited, but may be a hydrophilic cross-linked polymer obtained by cross-linking an unsaturated monomer having a carboxyl group. preferable. Further, the total amount (100% by weight) is not limited to a form of a polymer, and may be a composition containing a surface-crosslinked one, an additive and the like within a range in which the above performance is maintained.
- the hydrophilic crosslinked polymer is a water-absorbent resin that is pulverized into a powder form.
- the water-absorbent resin before surface treatment or surface crosslinking is referred to as “water-absorbent resin particles”, surface treatment or The water absorbent resin after surface cross-linking is referred to as “water absorbent resin powder”.
- the water-absorbing resin is different in shape obtained in each step (the shape includes, for example, a sheet shape, a fiber shape, a film shape, a gel shape, etc.), the water-absorbing resin composition containing an additive or the like Even if it is a thing, it is generically called "water-absorbing resin”.
- the “polyacrylic acid (salt)” in the present invention optionally contains a graft component, and contains, as a repeating unit, acrylic acid and / or a salt thereof (hereinafter sometimes referred to as acrylic acid (salt)) as a main component.
- acrylic acid (salt) means a polymer.
- acrylic acid (salt) is essentially 50 to 100 mol%, preferably 70 to 100 mol%, more preferably 90 to A polymer containing 100 mol%, particularly preferably substantially 100 mol%.
- a water-soluble salt is essential, a monovalent salt is preferable as a main component of the neutralized salt, an alkali metal salt or an ammonium salt is more preferable, and an alkali metal salt is further Sodium salts are preferred, especially.
- EDANA European Disposables and Nonwovens Associations
- ERT is an abbreviation for a method for measuring water-absorbent resin (EDANA Recommended Test Methods), which is a European standard (almost world standard). is there. In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, measurement is performed in accordance with the ERT original (known document: revised in 2002).
- CRC is an abbreviation for Centrifugation Retention Capacity (centrifuge retention capacity), and means water absorption capacity without pressure (hereinafter also referred to as “water absorption capacity”). Specifically, after 0.200 g of the water-absorbent resin in the non-woven bag was freely swollen for 30 minutes in a large excess of 0.9 wt% sodium chloride aqueous solution, the water absorption after further draining with a centrifuge Magnification (unit: [g / g]). The CRC of the hydrogel crosslinked polymer (hereinafter referred to as “gel CRC”) was measured by changing the sample to 0.4 g and the free swelling time to 24 hours.
- AAP is an abbreviation for Absorption against Pressure, which means water absorption capacity under pressure. Specifically, 0.900 g of the water-absorbent resin was swollen under a load of 2.06 kPa (0.3 psi, 21 [g / cm 2 ]) for 1 hour against a 0.9 wt% sodium chloride aqueous solution. It is the water absorption magnification (unit; [g / g]). In ERT442.2-02, “Absorption Under Pressure” is described, but the contents are substantially the same. In the present invention and Examples, the load condition was changed to 4.83 kPa (0.7 psi, 49 [g / cm 2 ]) for measurement.
- Example is an abbreviation for Extractables and means a water-soluble component (water-soluble component amount). Specifically, it is the amount of dissolved polymer (unit: wt%) after adding 1.000 g of water-absorbing resin to 200 ml of 0.9 wt% sodium chloride aqueous solution and stirring for 16 hours. The amount of dissolved polymer is measured using pH titration. The water-soluble content of the hydrogel crosslinked polymer (hereinafter referred to as “gel Ext”) was measured by changing the sample to 5.0 g and the stirring time to 24 hours.
- PSD is an abbreviation for Particle Size Distribution, and means a particle size distribution measured by sieving classification.
- the weight average particle size (D50) and the particle size distribution width are the same as those described in “(1) Average Particle Diameter and Distribution of Particle Diameter” described in European Patent No. 0349240, page 7, lines 25 to 43. taking measurement. A method for measuring PSD of the hydrogel crosslinked polymer will be described later.
- European Patent No. 1594556 is an abbreviation for Particle Size Distribution, and means a particle size distribution measured by sieving classification.
- the weight average particle size (D50) and the particle size distribution width are the same as those described in “(1) Average Particle Diameter and Distribution of Particle Diameter” described in European Patent No. 0349240, page 7, lines 25
- “Residual Monomers” (ERT410.2-02) “Residual Monomers” means the amount of monomer (monomer) remaining in the water-absorbent resin (hereinafter referred to as “residual monomer”). Specifically, 1.0 g of water-absorbing resin was added to 200 ml of a 0.9 wt% sodium chloride aqueous solution, and the amount of dissolved monomer (unit: ppm) after stirring at 500 rpm for 1 hour using a 35 mm stirrer chip. Say. The amount of dissolved monomer is measured using HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography).
- the residual monomer of the hydrogel crosslinked polymer was measured by changing the sample to 2 g and the stirring time to 3 hours, respectively, and the obtained measured value was the weight per resin solid content of the hydrogel crosslinked polymer.
- “Moisture Content” (ERT430.2-02) “Moisture Content” means the water content of the water-absorbent resin. Specifically, it is a value (unit:% by weight) calculated from loss on drying when 1 g of water-absorbent resin is dried at 105 ° C. for 3 hours. In the present invention, the drying temperature was changed to 180 ° C., the measurement was performed 5 times per sample, and the average value was adopted. The water content of the hydrogel crosslinked polymer was measured by changing the sample to 2 g, the drying temperature to 180 ° C., and the drying time to 16 hours. Further, the value calculated by ⁇ 100-water content (% by weight) ⁇ is “resin solid content” in the present invention, and can be applied to both the water-absorbent resin and the water-containing gel-like crosslinked polymer.
- “Density” (ERT460.2-02) “Density” means the bulk specific gravity of the water-absorbent resin. Specifically, 100 g of the water-absorbing resin is put into an apparatus specified by EDANA, and the weight of the water-absorbing resin (unit: [g / ml]) when the water-absorbing resin is freely dropped and filled into a 100 mL container. ).
- Flow Rate means the flow rate of the water absorbent resin. Specifically, the time (unit: sec) required for discharging the water-absorbing resin when discharging the water-absorbing resin from the discharge port at the bottom of the apparatus after 100 g of the water-absorbing resin is charged into the apparatus defined by EDANA.
- Liquid permeability refers to the fluidity of a liquid passing between particles of a swollen gel under load or no load.
- SFC Seline Flow Conductivity / physiology
- GBP Gel Bed Permeability / gel bed permeability
- SFC Seline Flow Inducibility
- FSR Free Swell Rate
- rate unit: [g / g / s] at which 1 g of the water-absorbing resin absorbs 20 g of a 0.9 wt% sodium chloride aqueous solution.
- “Gel grinding” “Gel pulverization” in the present invention means easy drying of the hydrogel crosslinked polymer obtained in the polymerization step (preferably aqueous solution polymerization, non-stirred aqueous solution polymerization (stationary aqueous solution polymerization), particularly preferably belt polymerization). For the purpose of doing this, it refers to an operation of reducing the size and increasing the surface area by applying shearing and compressive force. Specifically, the hydrogel crosslinked polymer obtained in the polymerization step is subjected to gel pulverization, and the weight average particle diameter (D50) is 300 to 3000 ⁇ m, more preferably the weight average particle diameter (D50) is 350 to 3000 ⁇ m. This refers to gel pulverization of the hydrogel crosslinked polymer so that the logarithmic standard deviation ( ⁇ ) of 2000 ⁇ m and the particle size distribution is 0.2 to 1.0.
- ⁇ logarithmic standard deviation
- the shape of the hydrated gel-like crosslinked polymer obtained may differ depending on the type of the polymerization machine.
- polymerization and gel pulverization are continuously performed in the same apparatus.
- the weight average particle diameter (D50) of the supplied particulate hydrogel crosslinked polymer may be in the range described later, and gel pulverization may be performed either during polymerization or after polymerization.
- weight-average molecular weight of water-soluble matter is GPC (gel permeation chromatography) for the weight-average molecular weight of a component (water-soluble component) that dissolves when a water-absorbing resin is added to an aqueous solvent.
- GPC gel permeation chromatography
- a measured value (unit: daltons / hereinafter, abbreviated as [Da]). That is, it is a result of GPC measurement of the solution obtained by the measurement method described in the above (1-3) (c) “Ext”.
- the weight-average molecular weight of the water-soluble portion of the hydrogel crosslinked polymer was changed to 5.0 g for a sample having a particle size of 5 mm or less, and further to 1 to 3 mm, and the stirring time was changed to 24 hours. And measured.
- GGE “Gel grinding energy” (GGE, GGE (2))
- the “gel grinding energy” in the present invention refers to mechanical energy per unit weight (unit weight of the water-containing gel-like crosslinked polymer) required by the gel grinding device when gelling the water-containing gel-like crosslinked polymer. It does not include the energy to heat and cool the jacket and the energy of water and steam to be charged. “Gel grinding energy” is abbreviated as “GGE” from “Gel Grinding Energy” in English. GGE is calculated by the following formula (1) when the gel crusher is driven by three-phase AC power.
- the above “power factor” and “motor efficiency” are values unique to the apparatus that vary depending on the operating conditions of the gel crushing apparatus, and take values from 0 to 1. These values can be obtained by inquiries to the device manufacturer.
- GGE When the gel crusher is driven by single-phase AC power, GGE can be calculated by changing “ ⁇ 3” in the above formula to “1”.
- the unit of voltage is [V]
- the unit of current is [A]
- the unit of weight of the hydrogel crosslinked polymer is [g / s].
- the gel grinding energy can be calculated by subtracting the current value during idle operation. preferable.
- the sum of current values during idle operation becomes large, and therefore a method of subtracting the current value during idle operation is preferable.
- the gel grinding energy in this case is calculated by the following formula (2).
- GGE (2) in order to distinguish from said GGE, it describes with GGE (2).
- the value at the time of gel crushing is adopted for “power factor” and “motor efficiency” in GGE (2).
- the values of the power factor and the motor efficiency during the idling operation are approximately defined as the above formula (2) because the current value during the idling operation may be small.
- “the weight [g / s] of the hydrogel crosslinked polymer charged into the gel grinder per second” is, for example, that the hydrogel crosslinked polymer is continuous. When the supply amount is [t / hr], the value is converted to [g / s].
- X to Y indicating a range means “X or more and Y or less”.
- t (ton) as a unit of weight means “Metric ton”
- ppm means “weight ppm” unless otherwise noted.
- weight and “mass”, “wt%” and “mass%”, “part by weight” and “part by mass” are treated as synonyms.
- ⁇ acid (salt) means “ ⁇ acid and / or salt thereof”
- (meth) acryl means “acryl and / or methacryl”.
- the water-absorbent resin powder obtained by the present invention uses a monomer containing acrylic acid (salt) as a main component as its raw material (monomer), and is usually polymerized in an aqueous solution state.
- the monomer (monomer) concentration in the aqueous monomer solution is preferably 10 to 80% by weight, more preferably 20 to 80% by weight, still more preferably 30 to 70% by weight, and particularly preferably 40 to 60% by weight. .
- the water-containing gel obtained by the polymerization of the monomer aqueous solution preferably has at least a part of the acid group of the polymer neutralized from the viewpoint of water absorption performance and residual monomer.
- the partially neutralized salt is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of water absorption performance, monovalent salts selected from alkali metal salts, ammonium salts, and amine salts are preferable, alkali metal salts are more preferable, sodium salts, lithium salts, potassium Alkali metal salts selected from salts are more preferred, and sodium salts are particularly preferred.
- the basic substance used for the neutralization is not particularly limited, but alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and lithium hydroxide, sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate, etc.
- Monovalent basic substances such as carbonic acid (hydrogen) salts are preferred, and sodium hydroxide is particularly preferred.
- the neutralization can be performed in the respective forms / states before, during or after polymerization.
- unneutralized or low-neutralized (for example, 0 to 30 mol%) acrylic acid is polymerized.
- the hydrous gel obtained in this manner can be neutralized, particularly neutralized simultaneously with the gel pulverization, but it is preferable to neutralize acrylic acid before polymerization from the viewpoints of productivity and physical properties. That is, it is preferable to use neutralized acrylic acid (partially neutralized salt of acrylic acid) as a monomer.
- the neutralization rate in the neutralization is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 to 100 mol%, more preferably 30 to 95 mol%, still more preferably 45 to 90 mol%, as the final water absorbent resin. ⁇ 80 mol% is particularly preferred.
- the neutralization temperature is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 to 100 ° C, more preferably 30 to 90 ° C.
- the conditions disclosed in EP 574260 are preferably applied to the present invention.
- water-soluble resins or water-absorbent resins such as starch, cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyacrylic acid (salt), and polyethyleneimine; carbonates, Arbitrary components such as azo compounds and various foaming agents such as air bubbles, surfactants, and additives are added in any of the production steps of the present invention, such as an aqueous monomer solution, a hydrous gel, a dry polymer, or a water absorbent resin. be able to.
- the amount of these optional components is preferably 0 to 50% by weight, more preferably 0 to 20% by weight, and still more preferably 0 to 10% by weight based on the monomer. %, Particularly preferably 0 to 3% by weight.
- surfactant or additive 0 to 5% by weight is preferable, and 0 to 1% by weight is more preferable.
- a graft polymer or a water-absorbing resin composition can be obtained by adding the above aqueous resin or water-absorbing resin.
- These starch-acrylic acid polymer, PVA-acrylic acid polymer and the like are also polyacrylic acid ( Treat as salt) water-absorbing resin.
- a chelating agent for the purpose of improving the color stability (color stability when stored for a long time under high temperature and high humidity) and urine resistance (preventing gel degradation) of the water-absorbent resin powder obtained in the present invention, a chelating agent, ⁇ -Hydroxycarboxylic acid compounds and inorganic reducing agents can be used, and chelating agents are particularly preferred.
- the amount of these used is preferably 10 to 5000 ppm, more preferably 10 to 1000 ppm, still more preferably 50 to 1000 ppm, and particularly preferably 100 to 1000 ppm with respect to the water absorbent resin.
- the chelating agent compounds disclosed in US Pat. No. 6,599,989 and International Publication No. 2008/090961 are applied to the present invention, and among them, aminocarboxylic acid metal chelating agents and polyvalent phosphoric acid compounds are preferable. .
- acrylic acid (salt) when acrylic acid (salt) is used as a main component, a hydrophilic or hydrophobic unsaturated monomer other than acrylic acid (salt) (hereinafter referred to as “other monomer”). ) May be used in combination.
- other monomers are not particularly limited.
- methacrylic acid for example, methacrylic acid, (anhydrous) maleic acid, 2- (meth) acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, (meth) acryloxyalkanesulfonic acid, N -Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-vinylacetamide, (meth) acrylamide, N-isopropyl (meth) acrylamide, N, N-dimethyl (meth) acrylamide, 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, methoxypolyethylene glycol (meth) Examples include acrylate, polyethylene glycol (meth) acrylate, stearyl acrylate, and salts thereof.
- the amount used is appropriately determined within a range not impairing the water absorption performance of the resulting water-absorbent resin powder, and is not particularly limited. 50 mol% is preferable, 0 to 30 mol% is more preferable, and 0 to 10 mol% is still more preferable.
- Internal crosslinking agent In the present invention, it is preferable to use a cross-linking agent (hereinafter also referred to as “internal cross-linking agent”) from the viewpoint of water absorption performance of the water-absorbent resin powder obtained.
- the internal cross-linking agent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a polymerizable cross-linking agent with acrylic acid, a reactive cross-linking agent with a carboxyl group, or a cross-linking agent having both of them.
- polymerizable crosslinking agent examples include N, N′-methylenebisacrylamide, (poly) ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, (polyoxyethylene) trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, and poly (meth) allyloxy.
- examples include compounds having at least two polymerizable double bonds in the molecule such as alkanes.
- the reactive cross-linking agent examples include polyglycidyl ethers such as ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether; covalent cross-linking agents such as polyhydric alcohols such as propanediol, glycerin and sorbitol, and polyvalent metal compounds such as aluminum salts. And the like.
- a polymerizable crosslinking agent with acrylic acid is more preferable, and acrylate-based, allyl-based, and acrylamide-based polymerizable crosslinking agents are particularly preferable.
- These internal cross-linking agents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the mixing ratio is preferably 10: 1 to 1:10.
- the amount of the internal crosslinking agent used is preferably from 0.001 to 5 mol%, more preferably from 0.002 to 2 mol%, more preferably from 0.001 to 2 mol% with respect to the monomer excluding the crosslinking agent from the viewpoint of physical properties. It is more preferably 04 to 1 mol%, particularly preferably 0.06 to 0.5 mol%, most preferably 0.07 to 0.2 mol%. Furthermore, in a particularly preferred form of the present invention, the polymerizable cross-linking agent is preferably 0.01 to 1 mol%, more preferably 0.04 to 0.5 mol%, still more preferably 0.07 to 0.1 mol%. use.
- the polymerization initiator used in the present invention is appropriately selected depending on the polymerization form and is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a photodegradable polymerization initiator, a thermal decomposition polymerization initiator, and a redox polymerization initiator.
- Examples of the photodegradable polymerization initiator include benzoin derivatives, benzyl derivatives, acetophenone derivatives, benzophenone derivatives, and azo compounds.
- Examples of the thermal decomposition polymerization initiator include persulfates such as sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate, and ammonium persulfate; peroxides such as hydrogen peroxide, t-butyl peroxide, and methyl ethyl ketone peroxide; 2 Azo compounds such as 2,2′-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride and 2,2′-azobis [2- (2-imidazolin-2-yl) propane] dihydrochloride.
- redox polymerization initiator examples include a system in which a reducing compound such as L-ascorbic acid or sodium bisulfite is used in combination with the persulfate or peroxide. Furthermore, the combined use of the photodegradable polymerization initiator and the thermal decomposable polymerization initiator is also mentioned as a preferred embodiment.
- the amount of the polymerization initiator used is preferably 0.0001 to 1 mol%, more preferably 0.0005 to 0.5 mol%, based on the monomer.
- the usage-amount of the said polymerization initiator exceeds 1 mol%, there exists a possibility that the color tone of a water absorbing resin may deteriorate.
- the amount of the polymerization initiator used is less than 0.0001 mol%, there is a concern about an increase in residual monomers, which is not preferable.
- the polymerization method may be to obtain a particulate hydrogel by spray droplet polymerization or reverse phase suspension polymerization.
- aqueous solution polymerization is adopted, and the aqueous solution polymerization may be tank type (silo type) non-stirring polymerization, preferably kneader polymerization or belt Polymerization, more preferably continuous aqueous solution polymerization, still more preferably high concentration continuous aqueous solution polymerization, particularly preferably high concentration / high temperature starting continuous aqueous solution polymerization is employed.
- the stirring polymerization means that the water-containing gel (particularly, a water-containing gel having a polymerization rate of 10 mol% or more, more preferably 50 mol% or more) is polymerized while stirring, particularly stirring and subdividing. Further, an aqueous monomer solution (with a polymerization rate of 0 to less than 10 mol%) may be appropriately stirred before and after the stirring-free polymerization.
- continuous aqueous solution polymerization examples include continuous kneader polymerization described in US Pat. Nos. 6,987,171 and 6,710,141, US Pat. Nos. 4,893,999, 6,241,928, US Patent Application Publication No. 2005/215734, and the like. Continuous belt polymerization. By these aqueous solution polymerizations, it is possible to produce a water-absorbent resin powder with high productivity.
- the monomer concentration (solid content) is preferably 35% by weight or more, more preferably 40% by weight or more, and even more preferably 45% by weight or more (the upper limit is a saturated concentration).
- the polymerization initiation temperature is preferably 30 ° C. or higher, more preferably 35 ° C. or higher, still more preferably 40 ° C. or higher, and particularly preferably 50 ° C. or higher (the upper limit is the boiling point).
- high concentration, high temperature starting continuous aqueous polymerization is a combination of these.
- the polymerization method in the production method according to the present invention is preferably applied to a production apparatus on a huge scale with a large production amount per line.
- the production amount is preferably 0.5 [t / hr] or more, more preferably 1 [t / hr] or more, further preferably 5 [t / hr] or more, and 10 [t / hr] or more. Particularly preferred.
- the polymerization can be carried out in an air atmosphere, but is preferably carried out in an inert gas atmosphere (for example, oxygen concentration of 1% by volume or less) such as water vapor, nitrogen or argon from the viewpoint of preventing coloring. Furthermore, it is preferable to perform polymerization after replacing (degassing) the dissolved oxygen in the monomer or the solution containing the monomer with an inert gas (for example, less than 1 [mg / L] oxygen). Even if such deaeration is performed, the stability of the monomer is excellent, gelation before polymerization does not occur, and a water-absorbent resin powder having higher physical properties and higher whiteness can be provided.
- an inert gas atmosphere for example, oxygen concentration of 1% by volume or less
- an inert gas for example, less than 1 [mg / L] oxygen
- gel grinding energy In the method for producing a water-absorbent resin powder of the present invention (first production method), gel grinding energy (GGE) is controlled within a certain range.
- GGE gel grinding energy
- a hydrogel crosslinked polymer polyester in which any one or more physical properties of the gel temperature, resin solid content, gel CRC, gel Ext, and water-soluble content are controlled to the following ranges.
- Acrylic acid (salt) cross-linked polymer) is preferably gel crushed.
- the manufacturing method (first manufacturing method) of the water absorbent resin powder of the present invention includes, for example, a polymerization step of an acrylic acid (salt) monomer aqueous solution, and a hydrogel crosslinked polymer during or after polymerization.
- a method for producing a polyacrylic acid (salt) water-absorbing resin powder comprising a gel pulverization step and a drying step after gel pulverization, wherein in the gel pulverization step, the resin solid content is 10 to 80% by weight.
- Polyacrylic acid (salt) system in which a hydrogel crosslinked polymer is subjected to gel grinding with gel grinding energy (GGE) of 18 to 60 [J / g], followed by drying at a drying temperature of 150 to 250 ° C. and further surface treatment. It is a manufacturing method of water-absorbent resin powder.
- GGE gel grinding energy
- the gel grinding energy (2) (GGE (2)) is controlled within a certain range.
- a hydrogel crosslinked polymer polyester
- any one or more physical properties of the gel temperature, resin solid content, gel CRC, gel Ext, and water-soluble content are controlled to the following ranges.
- Acrylic acid (salt) cross-linked polymer) is preferably gel crushed.
- the water-absorbent resin powder production method (second production method) of the present invention includes, for example, a polymerization step of an acrylic acid (salt) -based monomer aqueous solution, and a hydrogel crosslinked polymer during or after polymerization.
- a method for producing a polyacrylic acid (salt) water-absorbing resin powder comprising a gel pulverization step and a drying step after gel pulverization, wherein in the gel pulverization step, the resin solid content is 10 to 80% by weight.
- the hydrogel crosslinked polymer was gel crushed with gel grinding energy (2) (GGE (2)) 9 to 40 [J / g] and then dried at a drying temperature of 150 to 250 ° C. in a dryer. It is a manufacturing method of the polyacrylic acid (salt) type water absorbing resin powder which processes.
- the temperature of the hydrogel before gel grinding (gel temperature) is preferably 40 to 120 ° C, more preferably 60 to 120 ° C, and still more preferably 60 to 110 ° C, from the viewpoints of particle size control and physical properties. 65 ° C to 110 ° C is particularly preferable.
- the gel temperature is less than 40 ° C., the hardness increases due to the characteristics of the hydrogel, and therefore it may be difficult to control the particle shape and particle size distribution during gel pulverization.
- the gel temperature exceeds 120 ° C., the softness of the hydrogel increases, and it may be difficult to control the particle shape and particle size distribution.
- Such a gel temperature can be appropriately controlled by the polymerization temperature, the post-polymerization heating, the heat retaining or the cooling.
- the resin solid content of the hydrogel before gel pulverization is 10 to 80% by weight, preferably 30 to 80% by weight, more preferably 40 to 80% by weight, and still more preferably, from the viewpoint of physical properties. Is 45 to 60% by weight, particularly preferably 50 to 60% by weight.
- the resin solid content is less than 10% by weight, the softness of the water-containing gel increases.
- the resin solid content exceeds 80% by weight, the hardness of the water-containing gel increases, so the particle shape and particle size distribution can be controlled. Since it may become difficult, it is not preferable.
- the resin solid content of such a water-containing gel is appropriately controlled by polymerization concentration, moisture evaporation during polymerization, addition of water-absorbent resin fine powder to the polymerization process (fine powder recycling process), and if necessary, addition of water after polymerization or partial drying. can do.
- the resin solid content before gel pulverization was cut and refined to 5 mm or less, preferably 1 to 3 mm on a side using scissors or a cutter, and then described in (1-3) (f) above. Determined by loss on drying. Further, the gel grinding energy at the time of cutting with the scissors or the cutter is substantially zero.
- the CRC of the water-containing gel before gel grinding is preferably 10 to 35 [g / g], more preferably 10 to 32 [g / g], still more preferably 10 to 30 [g / g], 15 ⁇ 30 [g / g] is particularly preferred.
- gel CRC is less than 10 [g / g] or more than 35 [g / g]
- Such gel CRC can be appropriately controlled by the addition amount of a crosslinking agent at the time of polymerization and other polymerization concentrations.
- the gel CRC before gel pulverization is cut and refined to 5 mm or less, preferably 1 to 3 mm on a side using scissors or a cutter, and then the measurement method described in the following [Example] (a) Sought by.
- the water-soluble content (gel Ext) of the hydrogel before gel pulverization is preferably 0.1 to 10% by weight, more preferably 0.5 to 8% by weight, and still more preferably 1 to 5% by weight.
- the gel Ext exceeds 10% by weight, the weight average molecular weight of the water-soluble component that increases due to shear by gel pulverization becomes excessive, and the desired liquid permeability may not be obtained.
- the gel Ext is preferably smaller, but the lower limit is in the above range from the viewpoint of the balance with the (c) gel CRC, the production cost necessary for reducing the gel Ext, the reduction in productivity, and the like.
- the gel Ext before gel pulverization is cut and refined to 5 mm or less, preferably 1 to 3 mm on a side using scissors or a cutter, and then the measurement method described in the following [Example] (b) Sought by.
- (E) Weight average molecular weight of water-soluble component The weight average molecular weight of the water-soluble component in the hydrous gel before pulverization of the gel is preferably 50,000 to 450,000 [Da], and 100,000 to 430,000 [Da]. ], More preferably 150,000 to 400,000 [Da].
- the weight average molecular weight of the water-soluble component is less than 50,000 [Da]
- the particle size of the particulate hydrogel obtained after gel pulverization becomes fine, and a water absorbent resin powder having desired physical properties may not be obtained.
- the weight average molecular weight of the water-soluble component exceeds 450,000 [Da]
- the crosslinking point is small and damage is caused by shear more than necessary, so the performance decreases such as an increase in the amount of water-soluble component after gel pulverization. There is a risk of inviting.
- the weight average molecular weight of such a water-soluble component can be appropriately controlled with the amount of crosslinking agent added during polymerization, the polymerization concentration, and a chain transfer agent if necessary.
- the weight-average molecular weight of the water-soluble component before pulverization of the gel was cut and refined to 5 mm or less, preferably 1 to 3 mm on a side using scissors or a cutter, and then the following [Example] (c ) Is determined by the measurement method described in the above.
- the gel crushing apparatus used in this step is not particularly limited, and is a gel crusher equipped with a plurality of rotary stirring blades such as a batch type or continuous double arm type kneader, a single screw extruder, and a twin screw extruder. Machine, meat chopper, especially screw type extruder.
- a screw type extruder in which a perforated plate is installed at one end of the casing is preferable, and examples thereof include a screw type extruder disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-63527.
- a description will be given with reference to FIG.
- the casing 11 includes a casing 11, a base 12, a screw 13, a supply port 14, a hopper 15, a extrusion port 16, a perforated plate 17, a rotary blade 18, a ring 19, a reverse prevention member 20, a motor 21, It is comprised from the streak-like process 22 grade
- the casing 11 has a cylindrical shape, and a screw 13 is disposed therein.
- One end of the casing 11 is provided with an extrusion port 16 for extruding the hydrogel and pulverizing the gel, and a perforated plate 17 is installed in front of it.
- the other end is a motor 21 for rotating the screw 13, a drive system, and the like. Is arranged.
- a screw type extruder can be stably installed below the casing 11, below the casing 11, there is a supply port 14 for supplying the hydrated gel, and a hopper 15 is provided to facilitate the supply of the hydrated gel.
- the shape and size of the casing 11 are not particularly limited as long as they have a cylindrical inner surface corresponding to the shape of the screw 13.
- the rotation speed of the screw 13 changes with shapes of a screw extruder, it is not specifically limited, However, As mentioned later, it is preferable to change the rotation speed of the screw 13. Further, it is possible to have an anti-reverse member 20 in the vicinity of the extrusion port 16, a streaky protrusion 22 disposed on the screw 13, or the like.
- the reversion preventing member 20 is not particularly limited as long as it is a structure that can prevent the water-containing gel from reversing in the vicinity of the extrusion port 16, and a spiral or concentric belt-shaped protrusion installed on the inner wall of the casing 11, or Examples thereof include a streak-like, granular, spherical or angular projection disposed in parallel with the screw 13.
- the pressure in the vicinity of the extrusion port 16 increases as the gel crushing progresses, the hydrated gel tends to return in the direction of the supply port 14, but by installing the reversion preventing member 20, the hydrated gel is gelled while preventing reversion. Can be crushed.
- the thickness of the porous plate is preferably 3.5 to 40 mm, more preferably 6 to 20 mm.
- the hole diameter of the porous plate is preferably 3.2 to 24 mm, more preferably 7.5 to 24 mm.
- the aperture ratio of the porous plate is preferably 20 to 80%, more preferably 30 to 55%.
- the simple average value of the pore diameters of the perforated plates is used as the pore size of the perforated plate in the gel grinder.
- the shape of the hole is preferably a circle, but in the case of a shape other than a circle (for example, a square shape, an ellipse shape, a slit shape, etc.), the opening area is converted to a circle to obtain a hole diameter (mm).
- the perforated plate has a thickness of less than 3.5 mm, a pore diameter of more than 24 mm, and an open area ratio of more than 80%, it may not be possible to give a sufficient shearing / compressing force to the hydrogel. is there.
- the thickness of the porous plate is more than 40 mm, the pore diameter is less than 3.2 mm, and the open area ratio is less than 20%, excessive shear / compression force is applied to the hydrogel. This is not preferable because it may cause deterioration of physical properties.
- GGE Gel grinding energy
- GGE2 Gel grinding energy (2)
- GGE control method it can be carried out by the above-mentioned method, and in addition to the physical properties of the hydrogel before gel pulverization, particularly the resin solid content of 10 to 80% by weight (moreover (b) above), the gel temperature It is preferable to gel pulverize a hydrogel (polyacrylic acid (salt) -based crosslinked polymer) in which one or more physical properties of the weight average molecular weight of gel CRC, gel Ext and water-soluble component are controlled within the above range.
- a hydrogel polyacrylic acid (salt) -based crosslinked polymer
- the gel grinding energy (GGE) for grinding the hydrogel is preferably 60 [J / g] or less, more preferably 50 [J / g] or less, and 40 [J / g] as the upper limit. The following is more preferable. Moreover, as a lower limit, 18 [J / g] or more is preferable, 20 [J / g] or more is more preferable, and 25 [J / g] or more is still more preferable.
- the gel grinding energy (GGE) for grinding the hydrous gel is 18 to 60 [J / kg], preferably 20 to 50 [J / g], more preferably 25. 40 [J / kg].
- the gel pulverization energy (GGE) is defined including the energy during idling of the gel pulverizer.
- the gel grinding energy (2) for gel grinding of the hydrogel is preferably 40 [J / g] or less as an upper limit, and 32 [J / g] or less. Is more preferably 25 [J / g] or less.
- the gel grinding energy (2) (GGE (2)) for gel grinding of the hydrogel is preferably 40 [J / g] or less as an upper limit, and 32 [J / g] or less. Is more preferably 25 [J / g] or less.
- 9 [J / g] or more is preferable, 12 [J / g] or more is more preferable, and 15 [J / g] or more is still more preferable.
- the gel grinding energy (2) (GGE (2)) for gel grinding of the hydrogel is 9 to 40 [J / kg], preferably 12 to 32 [J / g]. More preferably, it is 15 to 25 [J / kg].
- GGE (2) gel grinding energy (2)
- gel pulverization can be performed while applying appropriate shear / compression force to the hydrogel.
- the shape of the water-absorbent resin can be improved, and both high liquid permeability and water absorption speed can be achieved.
- the total energy consumed in each device is the gel crushing energy. (GGE) or gel grinding energy (2) (GGE (2)).
- the gel pulverization is performed during or after the polymerization, and more preferably is performed on the hydrogel after polymerization.
- gel pulverization during the polymerization such as kneader polymerization
- an aqueous monomer solution The gel pulverization process is performed when “fully gelled”.
- the monomer aqueous solution changes to a hydrogel as the polymerization time elapses. That is, the stirring region of the monomer aqueous solution at the start of polymerization, the stirring region of the low-polymerized hydrogel having a constant viscosity during the polymerization, the gel grinding start region of a part of the hydrogel as the polymerization proceeds, and The gel grinding region in the latter half of the polymerization or at the end is continuously performed. Therefore, in order to clearly distinguish between “stirring of the monomer aqueous solution” at the start of polymerization and “gel pulverization” at the end, the determination is made based on the “sufficient gelation” state.
- the “sufficient gelation” refers to a state in which the hydrogel can be subdivided by applying a shearing force after the time when the polymerization temperature reaches the maximum (polymerization peak temperature).
- the polymerization rate of the monomer in the aqueous monomer solution is preferably 90 mol%.
- more preferably 93 mol% or more, still more preferably 95 mol% or more, particularly preferably 97 mol% or more, and the like it means a state in which the hydrogel can be subdivided by applying shearing force.
- a hydrogel having a monomer polymerization rate within the above range is gel pulverized.
- the polymerization rate of the monomer is “sufficiently gelled”. Stipulate.
- the GGE in the kneader polymerization after the polymerization peak temperature or the conversion rate may be measured. Further, when employing the continuous kneader polymerization, the total GGE in the entire polymerization process is obtained by multiplying by the ratio of the polymerization peak temperature or the polymerization time after the conversion to the total polymerization time (formula (3 )reference).
- gel grinding may be performed separately after the kneader polymerization.
- the energy consumed in an apparatus in which gel pulverization is performed separately and the sum of GGE or GGE (2) in the kneader polymerization described above are evaluated as GGE or GGE (2) of the present invention.
- the hydrogel during or after polymerization preferably the hydrogel after polymerization
- the gel grinding process can be carried out more smoothly.
- disconnect or crush what can cut
- the size and shape of the hydrogel obtained by the above-mentioned cutting or crushing are not particularly limited as long as the gel can be filled in the gel crusher.
- the weight of one of the crushed gel pieces is less than one tenth of “the weight of the hydrogel crosslinked polymer introduced into the gel crusher per second”, the energy during the crushing is also crushed. It will be added as the GGE of the hour.
- the screw shaft rotation speed of the screw extruder depends on the inner diameter of the cylindrical body (casing) and the outer peripheral speed of the rotary blade is However, the rotational speed of the shaft is preferably 90 to 500 rpm, more preferably 100 to 400 pm, and still more preferably 120 to 200 rpm.
- the shaft rotation speed is less than 90 rpm, the shear / compression force necessary for gel crushing cannot be obtained.
- the shaft rotation speed exceeds 500 rpm the shear / compression force applied to the hydrous gel becomes excessive, resulting in deterioration of physical properties. Or the load applied to the gel crusher is increased and may be damaged.
- the outer peripheral speed of the rotary blade is preferably 0.5 to 5 [m / s], more preferably 0.5 to 4 [m / s].
- the temperature of the gel crusher in the present invention is preferably heated or kept at 40 to 120 ° C., more preferably 60 to 100 ° C. in order to prevent adhesion of the hydrogel.
- gel pulverization may be performed by adding water to the hydrous gel.
- water includes any form of solid, liquid, and gas.
- the addition of the water there is no limitation on the addition method and the addition timing, and it is sufficient that water is supplied into the apparatus while the hydrous gel stays in the gel crushing apparatus. Moreover, you may throw into the gel grinding
- the water is not limited to “water alone”, and other additives (for example, a surfactant, a neutralizing base, a crosslinking agent, an inorganic salt, etc.) and a solvent other than water may be added.
- the water content is preferably 90 to 100% by weight, more preferably 99 to 100% by weight, and still more preferably 100% by weight.
- the water can be used in any form of solid, liquid, and gas, but liquid and / or gas are preferable from the viewpoint of handleability.
- the amount of water supplied is preferably 0 to 4 parts by weight, more preferably 0 to 2 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the hydrogel. When the supply amount of water exceeds 4 parts by weight, there is a risk that problems such as generation of undried material during drying occur.
- the temperature at the time of supply is preferably 10 to 100 ° C, more preferably 40 to 100 ° C.
- the temperature at the time of supply is preferably 100 to 220 ° C, more preferably 100 to 160 ° C, and still more preferably 100 to 130 ° C.
- the preparation method is not particularly limited. For example, a method using water vapor generated by heating of a boiler, a gaseous state generated from a water surface by vibrating water with ultrasonic waves. The method of using the water of this is mentioned.
- steam having a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure is preferable, and steam generated in a boiler is more preferable.
- water absorbent resin may be modified. Specifically, an aqueous solution containing the basic substance described in the above (2-1) (for example, a 10 to 50% by weight sodium hydroxide aqueous solution) is added to neutralize the gel (especially the neutralization described above). Within the range of the ratio), or water-absorbent resin fine powder (0.1 to 30% by weight (based on resin solids)) may be added to recycle the fine powder.
- aqueous solution containing the basic substance described in the above (2-1) for example, a 10 to 50% by weight sodium hydroxide aqueous solution
- water-absorbent resin fine powder 0.1 to 30% by weight (based on resin solids) may be added to recycle the fine powder.
- 0.001 to 3% by weight of a polymerization initiator, a reducing agent, and a chelating agent can be added and mixed during gel pulverization to reduce residual monomer, improve coloring, and provide durability. Good.
- the production method (third production method) of the water-absorbent resin powder of the present invention is a means for achieving a production method in which the gel grinding energy (GGE) is 18 to 60 [J / g] at the time of gel grinding of the hydrogel.
- GGE gel grinding energy
- the weight-average molecular weight of the water-soluble part of the hydrogel is increased to 10,000 to 500,000 [Da].
- the method for producing a water-absorbent resin powder of the present invention includes a polymerization step of an acrylic acid (salt) monomer aqueous solution, A method for producing a polyacrylic acid (salt) -based water-absorbent resin powder, comprising a gel pulverization step of a later hydrogel crosslinked polymer and a drying step after gel pulverization, wherein in the gel pulverization step, resin solids After pulverizing the hydrogel crosslinked polymer having a content of 10 to 80% by weight and increasing the weight average molecular weight of the water-soluble fraction of the hydrogel crosslinked polymer by 10,000 to 500,000 [Da]
- This is a method for producing a polyacrylic acid (salt) -based water-absorbing resin powder which is dried at a drying temperature of 150 to 250 ° C. and further subjected to surface treatment.
- the method for producing the water-absorbent resin powder of the present invention has a weight average particle size (D50) of the particulate hydrogel after gel pulverization of 350 to 2000 ⁇ m and a logarithmic standard deviation of the particle size distribution. ( ⁇ ) is set to 0.2 to 1.0, and the resin solid content is set to 10 to 80% by weight.
- the water absorbent resin powder production method (fourth production method) of the present invention comprises a polymerization step of an acrylic acid (salt) monomer aqueous solution and a polymerization process or A method for producing a polyacrylic acid (salt) water-absorbent resin powder, comprising a gel pulverization step of a later hydrogel crosslinked polymer and a drying step after gel pulverization, wherein the particles obtained in the gel pulverization step
- the water-containing gel-like crosslinked polymer has a weight average particle diameter (D50) of 350 to 2000 ⁇ m and a logarithmic standard deviation ( ⁇ ) of the particle size distribution of 0.2 to 1.0.
- the resin solid content of the particulate hydrogel polymer in the mold dryer is 10 to 80% by weight, the drying temperature in the vent belt dryer is 150 to 250 ° C., and the hot air The wind speed is 0.8 to 2.5 [m / s] in the vertical direction.
- Ri is a method of manufacturing further comprises polyacrylic acid (salt) -based water absorbent resin powder surface treatment process.
- the hydrogel crosslinked polymer (hydrogel) obtained in the polymerization step is a gel grinder (kneader, meat chopper, screw type extruder, etc.) to which the above-described gel grinding of the present invention is applied. Use to grind into particles.
- the gel particle diameter can be controlled by classification, blending, or the like, but preferably the gel particle diameter is controlled by the gel pulverization of the present invention.
- the weight-average particle size (D50) (specified by sieving classification) of the particulate hydrogel after gel pulverization is 350 to 2000 ⁇ m, more preferably 400 to 1500 ⁇ m, and still more preferably 500 to 1000 ⁇ m.
- the logarithmic standard deviation ( ⁇ ) of the particle size distribution is 0.2 to 1.0, more preferably 0.2 to 0.8, and still more preferably 0.2 to 0.7.
- the shearing / compressing force applied to the hydrogel may be uneven or insufficient. Furthermore, since the way of drying is different between the inside and the surface portion of the hydrogel, particles having non-uniform physical properties are generated by pulverization after drying, and the physical properties may be lowered as a whole. Further, when the weight average particle size is less than 350 ⁇ m, the surface area of the hydrogel is increased, and it becomes extremely easy to dry, so that the residual monomer is not sufficiently reduced in the drying step, and the residual of (3-5) described later is left. Monomer increases.
- the log standard deviation ( ⁇ ) is less than 0.2.
- Special operations such as classification of the gel after pulverization and particle size control during polymerization before gel pulverization are required. Therefore, in consideration of productivity and cost, it is not preferable and practically impossible to obtain a particulate hydrogel having a logarithmic standard deviation ( ⁇ ) of less than 0.2.
- the method for controlling the particle size include gel pulverization according to the present invention. Gel pulverization may be performed under a condition that exhibits the particle size, particularly with a screw extruder.
- the gel CRC of the particulate hydrogel after gel grinding is preferably 10 to 35 [g / g], more preferably 10 to 32 [g / g], and still more preferably 15 to 30 [g / g].
- the gel CRC after gel pulverization is preferably ⁇ 1 to +3 [g / g], more preferably 0.1 to 2 [g / g] relative to the gel CRC before gel pulverization. More preferably, it is 3 to 1.5 [g / g].
- gel CRC may be reduced by using a crosslinking agent or the like during gel pulverization, it is preferable to increase gel CRC within the above range.
- the gel Ext of the particulate hydrogel after pulverization of the gel is preferably 0.1 to 20% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 10% by weight, still more preferably 0.1 to 8% by weight, 1 to 5% by weight is particularly preferred.
- the amount of increase in gel Ext of the particulate hydrogel after gel pulverization is preferably 5% by weight or less, more preferably 4% by weight or less, and further preferably 3% by weight or less. 2% by weight or less is particularly preferable, and 1% by weight or less is most preferable.
- the lower limit may be negative (for example, -3.0% by weight, further -1.0% by weight), but is usually 0% by weight or more, preferably 0.1% by weight or more, more preferably 0.0% by weight. It is 2% by weight or more, more preferably 0.3% by weight or more.
- the gel Ext is increased so that it is within an arbitrary range of the above upper limit value and lower limit value, preferably 0 to 5.0% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 3.0% by weight.
- the gel may be crushed until it is done.
- gel Ext may be reduced by use of a crosslinking agent etc. at the time of gel grinding
- the significant number of the increase amount of the gel Ext is one digit after the decimal point. For example, 5% by weight and 5.0% by weight are treated as synonyms.
- the lower limit is 10,000 [Da] or more as the amount of increase in the weight average molecular weight of the water-soluble content of the hydrogel due to gel pulverization. Is preferably 20,000 [Da] or more, and more preferably 30,000 [Da] or more.
- the upper limit is preferably 500,000 [Da] or less, more preferably 400,000 [Da] or less, further preferably 250,000 [Da] or less, and particularly preferably 100,000 [Da] or less.
- the increase in the weight-average molecular weight of the water-soluble matter of the particulate hydrogel after gel pulverization relative to the hydrogel before gel pulverization is 10,000 to 500,000 [Da], preferably Is 20,000 to 400,000 [Da], more preferably 30,000 to 250,000 [Da], and still more preferably 100,000 [Da] or less.
- the increase in the weight average molecular weight of the water-soluble component is often less than 10,000 [Da], but in the present invention, more gel grinding energy (GGE), that is, It is characterized by increasing the weight average molecular weight of the water-soluble component by cutting the polymer main chain portion by applying more shearing force and compressive force to the hydrogel.
- GGE gel grinding energy
- the increase in the weight average molecular weight of the water-soluble component by gel grinding exceeds 500,000 [Da]
- excessive mechanical external force acts on the hydrous gel, and the cross-linked polymer chain is cut, resulting in excessive water solubility. This is not preferable because the content increases and the physical properties decrease.
- the resin solid content of the particulate hydrogel after gel grinding is preferably 10 to 80% by weight, more preferably 30 to 80% by weight, from the viewpoint of physical properties. More preferred is 50 to 80% by weight, 45 to 85% by weight, or 45 to 70% by weight, and particularly preferred is 50 to 60% by weight or 45 to 60% by weight. Setting the resin solid content of the particulate hydrogel after gel pulverization within the above range is preferable because it is easy to control the rise in CRC due to drying and there is little damage (such as an increase in water-soluble content) due to drying.
- pulverization can be suitably controlled by the resin solid content before gel grinding
- Drying step (first to fourth production methods of the present invention) This step is a step of drying the particulate hydrous gel obtained in the above-described gel pulverization step to obtain a dry polymer.
- a drying method preferably applied in the present invention will be described.
- the following drying methods can be applied to the first to fourth manufacturing methods of the present invention.
- a specific drying temperature and hot air speed are used.
- drying method in the drying process of the present invention heat drying, hot air drying, vacuum drying, infrared drying, microwave drying, drum dryer drying, azeotropic dehydration drying with a hydrophobic organic solvent, high humidity using high temperature steam
- Various drying methods such as drying are employed, preferably hot air drying, particularly hot air drying having a dew point of 40 to 100 ° C, more preferably a dew point of 50 to 90 ° C.
- a belt-type dryer is used in a more preferable aspect, and if necessary, a heat transfer conduction dryer, a radiation heat transfer dryer, a hot air heat transfer dryer, One type or two or more types such as a dielectric heating type dryer can be used in combination.
- a hot air heat transfer type dryer (hereinafter referred to as “hot air dryer”) is preferable from the viewpoint of drying speed.
- the hot air dryer include a ventilation belt (band) type, a ventilation circuit type, a ventilation vertical type, a parallel flow belt (band) type, a ventilation tunnel type, a ventilation groove type stirring type, a fluidized bed type, an air flow type, and a spray type.
- a hot air dryer is mentioned.
- a ventilation belt type hot air dryer is preferable from the viewpoint of physical property control.
- a ventilation belt type is used.
- a ventilated belt type hot air dryer is preferably used.
- the direction of the hot air used in the dryer is perpendicular to the hydrous gel layer laminated on the ventilation belt and left standing (for example, combined use in the vertical direction, Or, an upward direction or a downward direction) is essential.
- the “vertical direction” refers to the top and bottom (from the top to the bottom of the gel layer or the gel layer) with respect to the gel layer (particulate hydrogel having a thickness of 10 to 300 mm laminated on a punching metal or metal net). It refers to the state of ventilation from the bottom to the top), and is not limited to the strict vertical direction as long as it is vented in the vertical direction.
- hot air in an oblique direction may be used. In this case, it is within 30 ° with respect to the vertical direction, preferably within 20 °, more preferably within 10 °, still more preferably within 5 °, particularly preferably 0. ° hot air is used.
- drying conditions in the drying process of the present invention will be described.
- the drying temperature in the drying step of the present invention is 100 to 300 ° C., preferably 150 to 250 ° C., more preferably 160 to 220 ° C., and still more preferably 170 to 200. ° C.
- the drying temperature is 100 to 300 ° C., preferably 150 to 250 ° C., more preferably 160 to 220 ° C., and still more preferably 170 to 200. ° C.
- the drying time in the drying process of the present invention depends on the surface area of the particulate water-containing gel, the type of the dryer, etc., and is appropriately set so as to achieve the desired moisture content. However, it is preferably 1 minute to 10 hours, more preferably 5 minutes to 2 hours, still more preferably 10 to 120 minutes, and particularly preferably 20 to 60 minutes.
- the time until the particulate hydrogel discharged from the gel pulverization step (2-2) is introduced into the drying step that is, the time required for the particulate hydrogel to move from the gel pulverizer outlet to the dryer inlet.
- Is preferably shorter from the viewpoint of coloring with the water-absorbent resin powder specifically, preferably within 2 hours, more preferably within 1 hour, further preferably within 30 minutes, particularly preferably within 10 minutes. Most preferred is within minutes.
- the wind speed of the hot air in the above-described ventilation dryer is 0.8 to 2.5 in the vertical direction (vertical direction). [M / s], preferably 1.0 to 2.0 [m / s].
- the wind speed may be controlled within a range that does not impair the effects of the present invention. For example, it may be controlled within a range of 70% or more, preferably 90% or more, and more preferably 95% or more of the drying time.
- the said wind speed is represented by the average flow velocity of the hot air which passes a perpendicular
- the liquid permeability and water absorption speed of the water absorbent resin powder are increased. It was found to improve. That is, the water absorption speed of the resulting dried polymer is improved by setting the wind speed of the hot air within the above range.
- the gel particle diameter and drying of the water-absorbent resin have an average particle diameter of 0.8 to 5 mm, preferably 1 to 3 mm, from the viewpoint of reducing water-soluble content and drying efficiency.
- the patent document 50 is a gel control technique for a polyhedral (angular) hydrous gel having a smooth surface by a scissors-cutting machine, and is different from the gel pulverization of the present invention. Furthermore, the water absorption rate (FSR) and liquid permeability (SFC) of the resulting water-absorbent resin, the specific wind speed during drying (0.8 to 2.5 [m / s]), the specific surface cross-linking described below (particularly There is no disclosure or suggestion about the combined use of an ion-binding crosslinking agent.
- FSR water absorption rate
- SFC liquid permeability
- the present invention has a specific wind speed and surface cross-linking during drying, which is not disclosed in Patent Document 50, and further increases in gel grinding energy (GGE, GGE (2)) and weight average molecular weight of gel Ext [Da]. It has been found that the resulting water-absorbent resin has a great influence on the water absorption rate (FSR) and liquid permeability (SFC).
- FSR water absorption rate
- SFC liquid permeability
- the hot air used in the ventilating belt dryer preferably contains at least water vapor and has a dew point of preferably 30 to 100 ° C., more preferably 30 to 80 ° C. Residual monomer can be reduced by controlling the dew point of hot air and, more preferably, the gel particle size within the above range, and further the reduction of the bulk specific gravity of the dried polymer can be prevented.
- the dew point is a value when the moisture content of the particulate hydrogel is at least 10% by weight, preferably 20% by weight or more.
- the dew point is high at the beginning of drying; for example, before 50% of the drying time.
- hot air having a dew point of preferably 10 to 50 ° C., more preferably 15 to 40 ° C. is preferably brought into contact with the particulate hydrous gel.
- the particulate hydrogel is continuously supplied in a layered manner on the belt of the ventilation belt type dryer and dried with hot air.
- the width of the belt of the ventilation belt type dryer used at this time is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.5 m or more, and more preferably 1 m or more.
- the upper limit is preferably 10 m or less, and more preferably 5 m or less.
- the length of the belt is preferably 20 m or more, and more preferably 40 m or more.
- the upper limit is preferably 100 m or less, and more preferably 50 m or less.
- the layer length (gel layer thickness) of the particulate hydrogel on the belt is preferably 10 to 300 mm, more preferably 50 to 200 mm, still more preferably 80 to 150 mm, from the viewpoint of solving the problems of the present invention. ⁇ 110 mm is particularly preferred.
- the moving speed of the particulate hydrogel on the belt may be appropriately set depending on the belt width, belt length, production amount, drying time, etc., but from the viewpoint of load of the belt driving device, durability, etc. It is preferably 3 to 5 [m / min], more preferably 0.5 to 2.5 [m / min], still more preferably 0.5 to 2 [m / min], and 0.7 to 1.5 [m / min]. / Min] is particularly preferable.
- the production method of the polyacrylic acid (salt) -based water-absorbing resin powder according to the present invention is suitable for continuous operation, and by setting each condition in the above-described drying step within the above range, productivity and water absorption obtained A significant effect is exhibited in improving the physical properties of the resin powder.
- the structure and configuration of the ventilation belt type dryer used in the drying process of the present invention preferably have the following specifications. That is, examples of the ventilation belt include a wire mesh (for example, an opening of 45 to 1000 ⁇ m) and a punching metal, but a punching metal is preferably used.
- the shape of the hole of the punching metal is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a round hole, an elliptical hole, a square hole, a hexagonal hole, an oblong hole, an oblong hole, a diamond hole, a cross hole, and a combination of these shapes.
- the holes may be arranged in a staggered or parallel manner. Furthermore, a three-dimensional hole such as a louver (bay window) may be formed, but a flat hole is preferable.
- the pitch direction may be vertical, horizontal, or diagonal with respect to the belt traveling direction, or a combination thereof.
- the dryer is preferably 5 rooms or more, more preferably 6 rooms or more, and still more preferably 8 rooms. It is preferable that it is a ventilation belt type dryer which has the above.
- the upper limit is appropriately set depending on the size of the apparatus such as the production amount, but about 20 rooms are usually sufficient.
- the particulate hydrogel obtained in the above-mentioned gel pulverization step is dried in the main drying step to obtain a dry polymer, but the resin solid obtained from its loss on drying (1 g of powder or particles is heated at 180 ° C. for 3 hours).
- the amount is preferably more than 80% by weight, more preferably 85 to 99% by weight, still more preferably 90 to 98% by weight, particularly preferably 92 to 97% by weight.
- the surface temperature of the particulate hydrogel immediately before being put into the ventilation belt type dryer is preferably 40 to 110 ° C, more preferably 60 to 110 ° C, It is more preferably from -100 ° C, particularly preferably from 70 to 100 ° C.
- the temperature is less than 40 ° C., a balloon-like dried product is formed at the time of drying, and a lot of fine powder is generated at the time of pulverization, which may cause deterioration of physical properties.
- the surface temperature of the particulate hydrogel before drying exceeds 110 ° C., the water absorbent resin after drying may be deteriorated (for example, increased water-soluble content) or colored.
- (2-4) Pulverization step and classification step This step is a step in which the dried polymer obtained in the drying step is pulverized and classified to obtain water-absorbing resin particles.
- the (2-2) gel pulverization step is different from the resin solid content at the time of pulverization, particularly in that the object to be pulverized has undergone a drying step (preferably dried to the resin solid content).
- the water-absorbent resin particles obtained after the pulverization step may be referred to as a pulverized product.
- the dry polymer obtained in the drying step can be used as a water-absorbent resin powder as it is, but it is preferable to control to a specific particle size in order to improve physical properties in the surface treatment step described below, particularly the surface cross-linking step. .
- the particle size control is not limited to the main pulverization step and the classification step, and can be appropriately performed in a polymerization step, a fine powder collection step, a granulation step, and the like.
- the particle size is defined by a standard sieve (JIS Z8801-1 (2000)).
- the crusher that can be used in the crushing process is not particularly limited. Can be mentioned. Among these, it is preferable to use a multistage roll mill or roll granulator from the viewpoint of particle size control.
- classification operation is performed so that the following particle size is obtained.
- the classification operation is preferably performed before the surface crosslinking step (first classification step), and further after surface crosslinking.
- a classification operation (second classification step) may be performed.
- the classification operation is not particularly limited, but classification is performed as follows in sieving using a sieve. That is, when the particle size distribution of the water-absorbent resin particles is set to 150 to 850 ⁇ m, for example, first, the pulverized product is sieved with a sieve having an aperture of 850 ⁇ m, and the pulverized product that has passed through the sieve has an aperture of 150 ⁇ m or 150 ⁇ m.
- the weight average particle diameter (D50) of the water absorbent resin particles after classification is preferably 250 to 500 ⁇ m, more preferably 300 to 500 ⁇ m, and more preferably 350 to 450 ⁇ m. Further preferred. Further, the smaller the fine particles that pass through a sieve having a mesh opening size of 150 ⁇ m (JIS standard sieve), the better, and usually 0 to 5% by weight, more preferably 0 to 3% by weight, based on the entire water-absorbent resin particles, More preferably, 0 to 1% by weight.
- the ratio of the particles having a particle diameter of 150 ⁇ m or more and less than 850 ⁇ m, and the ratio of the particles having a particle diameter of 150 ⁇ m or more and less than 710 ⁇ m is preferably 95% by weight or more, more preferably based on the entire water-absorbent resin particles.
- the logarithmic standard deviation ( ⁇ ) of the particle size distribution is preferably 0.20 to 0.50, more preferably 0.25 to 0.50, still more preferably 0.25 to 0.45, and 0.30 to 0. .40 is particularly preferred.
- These particle sizes are measured by the same method as “(1) Average Particle Diameter and Distribution of Particle Diameter” described in European Patent No. 0349240, page 7, lines 25 to 43.
- the particle size before surface cross-linking is preferably applied to the final product after surface cross-linking.
- the water-absorbent resin powder obtained by gel pulverization of the present invention can have a specific internal cell ratio.
- the internal cell ratio of the water-absorbent resin powder and its preferred range will be described later in [3], but the same applies to the water-absorbent resin particles obtained by the pulverization / classification. That is, the water-absorbent resin particles before surface crosslinking are preferably such that the proportion of particles having a particle size of 150 ⁇ m or more and less than 850 ⁇ m is 95% by weight or more, and the logarithmic standard deviation ( ⁇ ) of the particle size distribution is 0.25.
- the internal cell ratio defined by the following formula is preferably 0.1 to 2.5%, more preferably 0.2 to 2.0%, and 0.3 to 1.7%. More preferred is 0.5 to 1.5%.
- the method for producing a polyacrylic acid (salt) -based water absorbent resin powder according to the present invention is preferably used for improving water absorption performance (absorbability against pressure, liquid permeability, absorption speed, etc.). It further includes a surface treatment step.
- the surface treatment step includes a surface cross-linking step performed using a known surface cross-linking agent and a surface cross-linking method, and further includes other addition steps as necessary.
- Examples of the surface cross-linking agent that can be used in the present invention include various organic or inorganic cross-linking agents, but organic surface cross-linking agents can be preferably used.
- a surface cross-linking agent a polyhydric alcohol compound, an epoxy compound, a polyvalent amine compound or a condensate thereof with a haloepoxy compound, an oxazoline compound, a (mono, di, or poly) oxazolidinone compound, an alkylene carbonate compound
- a dehydration-reactive crosslinking agent composed of a polyhydric alcohol compound, an alkylene carbonate compound, or an oxazolidinone compound that requires a reaction at a high temperature can be used.
- the amount of the surface cross-linking agent used is suitably determined as preferably about 0.001 to 10 parts by weight, more preferably about 0.01 to 5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the water-absorbent resin particles.
- Water is preferably used in accordance with the surface cross-linking agent.
- the amount of water used is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 20 parts by weight, more preferably 0.5 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the water absorbent resin particles.
- the amount is preferably 0.001 to 10 parts by weight, more preferably 0.01 to 5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the water absorbent resin particles. Is done.
- a hydrophilic organic solvent may be used, and the amount used is preferably in the range of 0 to 10 parts by weight, more preferably 0 to 5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the water-absorbent resin particles. It is. Further, when mixing the crosslinking agent solution with the water-absorbent resin particles, the range does not hinder the effect of the present invention, for example, preferably 0 to 10 parts by weight, more preferably 0 to 5 parts by weight, and still more preferably 0 to 1 part.
- the water-insoluble fine particle powder and the surfactant may be present together in parts by weight. Surfactants used and their amounts used are exemplified in US Pat. No. 7,473,739.
- the surface cross-linking agent solution When the surface cross-linking agent solution is mixed with the water-absorbing resin particles, the water-absorbing resin particles are swollen by water or the like in the surface cross-linking agent solution.
- the swollen water absorbent resin particles are dried by heating.
- the heating temperature is preferably 80 to 220 ° C.
- the heating time is preferably 10 to 120 minutes.
- a vertical or horizontal high-speed rotating stirring type mixer is preferably used for mixing the surface cross-linking agent.
- the rotational speed of the mixer is preferably 100 to 10,000 rpm, more preferably 300 to 2000 rpm.
- the residence time is preferably within 180 seconds, more preferably from 0.1 to 60 seconds, and even more preferably from 1 to 30 seconds.
- a surface cross-linking method using a radical polymerization initiator (US Pat. No. 4,783,510, International Publication No. 2006/062258) instead of surface cross-linking using the above-mentioned surface cross-linking agent, water absorption
- a surface crosslinking method in which a monomer is polymerized on the surface of the conductive resin (US Application Publication Nos. 2005/048221, 2009/0239966, and International Publication No. 2009/048160) may be used.
- the radical polymerization initiator preferably used is persulfate, and there are acrylic acid (salt) and other above-mentioned cross-linking agents as optional monomers, and water is preferably used as a solvent.
- surface crosslinking is performed by performing a crosslinking polymerization or a radical polymerization initiator on the surface of the water-absorbent resin by active energy rays (particularly ultraviolet rays) or heating. .
- the addition process which adds any one or more of a polyvalent metal salt, a cationic polymer, or an inorganic fine particle is further included simultaneously with the surface crosslinking process mentioned above or separately. That is, in addition to the organic surface cross-linking agent, an inorganic surface cross-linking agent may be used or used in combination to improve liquid permeability and water absorption rate.
- the organic surface crosslinking agent can be used simultaneously or separately. Examples of the inorganic surface crosslinking agent to be used include divalent or more, preferably trivalent or tetravalent polyvalent metal salts (organic salts or inorganic salts) or hydroxides.
- polyvalent metal examples include aluminum and zirconium, and examples include aluminum lactate and aluminum sulfate. An aqueous solution containing aluminum sulfate is preferred.
- inorganic surface crosslinks are used simultaneously or separately with the organic surface crosslinker.
- Surface cross-linking with a polyvalent metal is disclosed in International Publication Nos. 2007/121037, 2008/09843, 2008/09842, U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,157,141, 6,605,673, and 6,620,889. 2005/0288182, 2005/0070671, 2007/0106013, and 2006/0073969.
- a cationic polymer particularly a weight average molecular weight of about 5,000 to 1,000,000 may be used simultaneously or separately to improve liquid permeability.
- the cationic polymer used is preferably, for example, a vinylamine polymer or the like.
- inorganic fine particles may be used.
- silicon dioxide or the like is preferable, and exemplified in US Pat. No. 7,638,570.
- a method for producing a water-absorbing resin including a step of adding any one or more of the above-mentioned polyvalent metals, cationic polymers, and inorganic fine particles is preferable.
- These additives are preferably used simultaneously or separately with respect to the above-described covalently-covalent surface crosslinking agent, and can further solve the problems (liquid permeability, water absorption rate) of the present invention.
- the water-absorbent resin powder obtained by gel pulverization of the present invention can have a specific internal cell ratio.
- the water absorption capacity under pressure (AAP) after surface cross-linking is 20 [g / g] or more, and further described in (3-1) below.
- Surface crosslinking is carried out by appropriately adjusting the reaction temperature, reaction time, etc. until the water absorption capacity (CRC) under no pressure after the surface crosslinking is within the range of (3-3) described later. .
- a water-absorbing resin powder having both water absorption rate (FSR) and liquid permeability (SFC) by gel pulverization (production methods 1 to 4) of the present invention more preferably by controlling the particle size and surface cross-linking of the dried polymer. It is possible to solve the problems of the present invention.
- the novel water-absorbent resin powder of the present invention using the above-described production method as an example of the production method will be described in detail in [3].
- the water-absorbing resin before surface cross-linking is not limited to such an internal cell rate and particle size distribution.
- an evaporation monomer recycling step, granulation step, fine powder removal step, fine powder recycling step, etc. may be provided.
- the following additives may be used if necessary for any or all of the above. That is, water-soluble or water-insoluble polymers, lubricants, chelating agents, deodorants, antibacterial agents, water, surfactants, water-insoluble fine particles, antioxidants, reducing agents, etc. 0 to 30% by weight, more preferably 0.01 to 10% by weight can be added and mixed. These additives can also be used as a surface treatment agent.
- a fine powder recycling step can be included.
- the fine powder recycling step is a state in which the fine powder generated in the drying step and, if necessary, the pulverization step and the classification step (particularly fine powder containing 70% by weight or more of powder having a particle size of 150 ⁇ m or less) is used as it is or in the form of water. It is a process that is summed and recycled to a polymerization process or a drying process, and methods described in US Patent Application Publication No. 2006/247351, US Pat. No. 6,228,930, and the like can be applied.
- an oxidizing agent, an antioxidant, water, a polyvalent metal compound, a water-insoluble inorganic or organic powder such as silica or metal soap, a deodorant, an antibacterial agent, a polymer polyamine, pulp or thermoplastic fiber Etc. may be added to the water-absorbent resin in an amount of 0 to 3% by weight, preferably 0 to 1% by weight.
- the production method of the water-absorbent resin powder of the present invention includes a polymerization step of an acrylic acid (salt) monomer aqueous solution, and during or after polymerization.
- a method for producing a polyacrylic acid (salt) water-absorbent resin powder, comprising a gel grinding step of the hydrogel crosslinked polymer and a drying step after gel grinding, wherein the solid content of resin in the gel grinding step is as follows.
- Gel pulverization satisfying at least one of the following (1) to (4): (1) Gel grinding with gel grinding energy (GGE) 18-60 [J / g], (2) Gel grinding energy (2) Gel grinding with (GGE (2)) 9-40 [J / g] (3) The weight-average molecular weight of the water-soluble portion of the hydrogel crosslinked polymer is increased by 10,000 to 500,000 [Da]. (4) Gel until the weight-average particle size (D50) of the obtained particulate hydrogel crosslinked polymer is 350 to 2000 ⁇ m and the logarithmic standard deviation ( ⁇ ) of the particle size distribution is 0.2 to 1.0 After pulverization, drying is performed at a drying temperature of 150 to 250 ° C. in a dryer, and surface treatment is further performed.
- GGE gel grinding energy
- ⁇ logarithmic standard deviation
- an aeration (belt type) drier is used for drying, and the resin solid of the particulate hydrogel polymer when charged into the aeration (belt type) drier
- the air content is 10 to 80% by weight
- the drying temperature in the ventilating belt dryer is 150 to 250 ° C.
- the hot air velocity is 0.8 to 2.5 [m / s] in the vertical direction (vertical direction).
- the gel pulverization of the present invention at least one of the above (1) to (4) is essentially satisfied, preferably 2 or more, further 3 or more, particularly 4 or more.
- the gel pulverization is not limited to the above (4), and preferably also in the gel pulverization described in (1) to (3) above, drying with the above-described aeration belt type dryer and the drying conditions (such as the wind speed of hot air) ) Applies. More preferably, surface cross-linking, particularly a covalent bond surface cross-linking agent and an ionic bond surface cross-linking agent described later are used in combination.
- the liquid permeability (SFC) and water absorption speed (FSR) of the water-absorbent resin both greatly depend on the surface area of the water-absorbent resin, and these have contradictory properties. That is, the SFC has a smaller surface area, and the FSR has a larger surface area. Therefore, it has been difficult to achieve both of these physical properties with conventional techniques.
- the production method according to the present invention has the following FSR and SFC ranges, in particular, the FSR is 0.30 [g / g / sec] or more, and the high water absorption rate (3-6) below, and SFC is 70 [ ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 ⁇ cm 3 ⁇ s ⁇ g ⁇ 1 ] or more, and furthermore, the following (3-2) high liquid permeability can be achieved, and a method for producing such FSR and SFC water absorbent resin Can be suitably used. Preferred physical properties are described in [3].
- Patent Documents 1 to 50 are known for improving the water absorption speed and liquid permeability of water-absorbent resins.
- at least one of specific gel pulverizations (1) to (4) is known. It has been found that it is possible to improve the water absorption rate (for example, FSR) and liquid permeability (for example, SFC) and to achieve both of them.
- the polyacrylic acid (salt) -based water-absorbing resin obtained by using the above-described production methods (first to fourth production methods) according to the present invention as an example of a suitable production method has a particle diameter of 150 ⁇ m or more and less than 850 ⁇ m.
- the logarithmic standard deviation ( ⁇ ) of the particle size distribution is 0.25 to 0.50
- the absorption capacity under load (AAP) is 20 [g / g] or more
- the velocity (FSR) is 0.30 [g / g / s] or more
- the internal bubble rate defined by the following formula is 0.1 to 2.5%.
- proliferative density means polyacrylic acid that has been sufficiently dried (water content is preferably less than 1% by weight, more preferably less than 0.5% by weight, particularly preferably less than 0.1% by weight).
- Salt) water-absorbent resin has a density (unit: [g / cm 3 ] that is uniquely determined by the chemical composition (polymer repeating units, trace raw materials such as crosslinking agents, and optionally used graft components). ]).
- the polyacrylic acid (salt) -based water-absorbent resin has a slight difference depending on the neutralization rate and the type of salt (for example, sodium polyacrylate having a neutralization rate of 75 mol%) and a small amount of raw material. The value is almost constant.
- the “apparent density” in the present invention is a density (unit: [g / cm 3 ) in consideration of voids (also referred to as internal bubbles or closed cells) existing inside the particles of the polyacrylic acid (salt) water-absorbent resin. ]).
- voids also referred to as internal bubbles or closed cells
- a water-absorbing resin obtained by foam polymerization or a water-absorbing resin that has undergone a granulation process has a space (voids; internal bubbles, closed cells; closed pores) that are not connected to the outside as shown in FIG. Exists.
- the density of the water-absorbent resin is measured by dry density measurement, since the introduced gas cannot reach the closed pores, the measured density is the apparent density obtained from the volume containing the closed pores (closed cells). It becomes.
- p. 197 to 199 discloses a wet measurement method using methanol for the apparent density of the water-absorbent resin after 40 to 60 mesh cut, but the present invention is characterized in that dry measurement is performed for all particle sizes. The present inventors have found that the internal cell ratio defined by the apparent density is important for improving the physical properties of the water absorbent resin.
- the density (true density and apparent density) of the water absorbent resin can be accurately measured by dry density measurement using a predetermined gas.
- the measurement principle of dry density measurement of a solid is well known in the constant volume expansion method, and is a method for obtaining the volume of a solid with a specific gas. Specifically, when the volume V CELL of the sample chamber and the volume V EXP of the expansion chamber are known, the volume V SAMP of the sample is obtained by measuring the pressure (gauge pressure) P 1 g and P 2 g .
- the density of the sample can be obtained by measuring the weight of the sample and dividing the weight by the volume (Reference: Shimadzu Corporation; http://www.shimadzu.co.jp/powder/lecture/middle/m04.html).
- the true density is uniquely determined by the chemical composition (mainly the repeating unit of the polymer), a known value may be used as it is, but because there is a slight change due to the influence of a trace amount raw material, If the known value is unknown, it can be determined by the method described later.
- the closed cells in the water absorbent resin are destroyed or made into open cells by pulverization, there is substantially no closed cells, so the density of the water absorbent resin after pulverization can be regarded as the true density.
- the “open cell” means a bubble that communicates with the outside, and is not counted as the volume of the water-absorbent resin in the dry density measurement. Therefore, closed cells and open cells can be easily distinguished by dry density measurement.
- the production method of the present invention (gel pulverization, drying, and surface treatment under specific conditions) is a production method that is not disclosed in the prior application, and the production method is obtained as an example of the production method.
- the water-absorbent resin powder there is no disclosure of the water-absorbent resin powder in the prior application. That is, according to the previous findings such as the above-mentioned prior application, the internal bubble ratio is 0.1 to 2.5%, the water absorption rate (FSR) is 0.30 [g / g / s] or more, and the water absorption capacity under pressure No water-absorbent resin powder having a weight of 20 [g / g] or more has been known.
- the water-absorbent resin powder of the present invention has an AAP (water absorption capacity under pressure) of 20 [g / g] or more and a water absorption rate (FSR) within the range of an internal cell ratio of 0.1 to 2.5%. Although it is 0.30 [g / g / s] or more, liquid permeability (SFC) is greatly improved in a state where the water absorption rate (FSR) is maintained by obtaining the water-absorbing resin powder having the above-described physical properties. A new effect was found.
- AAP water absorption capacity under pressure
- FSR water absorption rate
- the water-absorbent resin powder of the present invention shows a value smaller than the range of the internal bubble rate defined in the above international application (prior application).
- FSR water absorption rate
- the reason for this is considered to be an increase in surface area in a form different from the increase in surface area caused by closed cells.
- a state where the surface of the water-absorbent resin is not flat but uneven, a state where holes are partially formed, and the like are conceivable.
- a higher AAP that is, sufficient gel strength under pressure, is combined to increase the gap between the water-absorbent resin powders after swelling, improving the SFC that is liquid-permeable under pressure. It is thought that.
- the internal cell ratio of the water-absorbent resin in the present invention is 0.1 to 2.5%, preferably 0.2 to 2.0%, more preferably 0.3 to 1.7%, and 5 to 1.5% is more preferable.
- a water absorbent resin having a water absorption speed and liquid permeability defined in the present invention can be obtained.
- the internal cell ratio can be controlled by the gel grinding energy and the increase in water-soluble molecular weight in the production method of the present invention, but other methods such as foam polymerization and foaming at the time of drying may be employed (combined). .
- the water absorbent resin obtained by the production method of the present invention further satisfies the following physical properties.
- the main component is a polyacrylic acid (salt) water-absorbing resin and it is intended for use in sanitary materials, particularly paper diapers, the following (3-1) to (3) Among the physical properties listed in -8)
- the AAP (water absorption capacity under pressure) of the water-absorbing resin obtained in the present invention is 20 [g as an AAP under a pressure of 4.8 kPa as an example of means for achieving the above polymerization in order to prevent leakage in paper diapers. / G] or more, preferably 22 [g / g] or more, and more preferably 24 [g / g] or more.
- the upper limit of AAP is not particularly limited, it is preferably 35 [g / g] or less, more preferably 30 [g / g] or less, and even more preferably 28 [g / g] or less, in view of balance with other physical properties. .
- the AAP can be improved by surface cross-linking after particle size control.
- the novel water-absorbent resin of the present invention is obtained, and the water absorption rate (FSR) is increased.
- Liquid permeability (SFC) can be improved in the maintained state.
- the SFC (physiological saline flow inductive property) of the water-absorbent resin obtained in the present invention is the surface after the above-mentioned manufacturing method, in particular, the gel pulverization of the present invention, preferably after the particle size control, in order to prevent the diaper from being leaked.
- SFC sodium chloride aqueous solution flow conductivity
- SFC is a well-known measurement method and can be defined, for example, in US Pat. No. 5,562,646.
- the improvement of liquid permeability, especially SFC improvement, particularly to the SFC in the above range, particularly to more than SFC20 [ ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 ⁇ cm 3 ⁇ s ⁇ g ⁇ 1 ] or more exhibits such a remarkable effect. It can be suitably applied to a method for producing a highly liquid-permeable water-absorbing resin.
- the CRC (water absorption capacity under no pressure) of the water absorbent resin obtained in the present invention is preferably 10 [g / g] or more, more preferably 20 [g / g] or more, and further preferably 25 [g / g] or more. 30 [g / g] or more is particularly preferable.
- the upper limit of CRC is not particularly limited, it is preferably 50 [g / g] or less, more preferably 45 [g / g] or less, and still more preferably 40 [g / g] or less from the balance of other physical properties.
- the CRC can be appropriately controlled by the amount of the crosslinking agent during polymerization and the subsequent surface crosslinking (secondary crosslinking).
- the Ext (water-soluble content) of the water-absorbent resin obtained in the present invention is preferably 35% by weight or less, more preferably 25% by weight or less in order to prevent stickiness and the like during use in a paper diaper due to the influence of the liquid elution. It is preferably 15% by weight or less, more preferably 10% by weight or less.
- the Ext can be appropriately controlled by the amount of the crosslinking agent during polymerization and the increase in the amount of water-soluble components in the subsequent gel grinding.
- Residual Monomers (residual monomers) of the water-absorbent resin obtained in the present invention are usually 500 ppm or less, preferably 0 to 400 ppm, more preferably 0 to 300 ppm, as an example of means for achieving the above polymerization from the viewpoint of safety. Particularly preferably, it is controlled to 0 to 200 ppm.
- the residual monomer can be appropriately controlled depending on the polymerization initiator during polymerization, the subsequent drying conditions, and the like.
- the FSR (water absorption rate) of the water-absorbent resin obtained in the present invention is usually 0.2 [g / g / s] or more as an example of means for achieving the above polymerization in order to prevent leakage in paper diapers, 0.25 [g / g / s] or more is preferable, 0.30 [g / g / s] or more is more preferable, 0.35 [g / g / s] or more is further preferable, and 0.40 [g / s / g / s] or more is particularly preferable, and 0.45 [g / g / s] or more is most preferable.
- the upper limit value of the FSR is 1.00 [g / g / s] or less.
- the measurement method of FSR can be defined in International Publication No. 2009/016055.
- the FSR can be adjusted by the first to fourth production methods of the present invention and the particle size control after drying.
- the water-absorbing resin having such a high water-absorbing rate is exhibited in order to improve the water-absorbing rate, especially FSR, particularly FSR in the above-mentioned range, particularly FSR 0.30 [g / g / s] or more. It can be suitably applied to the manufacturing method.
- the amount of increase in fine powder before and after damage specified by the measurement method of the present invention (increase in 150 ⁇ m passing material) of the water-absorbent resin obtained in the present invention is 0 to 3 weights. % Is preferable, and 0 to 1.5% by weight is more preferable. By setting it within such a range, there is no problem of deterioration of physical properties in actual use such as paper diaper production.
- the amount of increase in the fine powder is controlled to be low by the first to fourth production methods (gel grinding) of the present invention.
- the bulk specific gravity (specified by ERT460.2-02) of the water-absorbent resin obtained in the present invention is preferably 0.50 to 0.80 [g / cm 3 ]. More preferably, it is 60 to 0.70 [g / cm 3 ]. When the bulk specific gravity does not satisfy the above range, the physical properties may be reduced or pulverized.
- the bulk specific gravity can be controlled to be low by the first to fourth production methods (gel grinding) of the present invention.
- the water-absorbent resin is preferably surface cross-linked, and in particular, an ion cross-linkable surface cross-linking agent (for example, a polyvalent metal) and a covalent bond surface cross-link. Cross-linked with a combination of agents.
- the surface-crosslinked water-absorbent resin may be referred to as a water-absorbent resin powder.
- the use of the water-absorbent resin powder obtained by the production method according to the present invention is not particularly limited, but preferably paper diapers, sanitary napkins, incontinence pads, etc. Used for absorbent articles.
- High concentration diapers paper diapers that use a large amount of water-absorbent resin per paper diaper, which has been a problem with odors and coloring from raw materials, especially when used in the upper layer of the absorbent article In addition, it exhibits excellent performance.
- the content (core concentration) of the water-absorbent resin in the absorbent body optionally containing other absorbent materials (pulp fibers and the like) is preferably 30 to 100% by weight, and 40 to 100% by weight. More preferred is 50 to 100% by weight, still more preferred is 60 to 100% by weight, still more preferred is 70 to 100% by weight, and most preferred is 75 to 95% by weight.
- the water-absorbing resin powder obtained by the production method according to the present invention is used at the above concentration, particularly at the upper part of the absorber, it is excellent in the diffusibility of the absorbing liquid such as urine due to its high liquid permeability, so that the liquid can be distributed efficiently. As a result, the amount of absorption of the entire absorbent article is improved. Furthermore, it is possible to provide an absorbent article in which the absorbent body maintains a hygienic white state.
- the present invention includes the following inventions.
- a polyacrylic acid including a polymerization step of an aqueous solution of an acrylic acid (salt) monomer, a gel grinding step of a hydrogel crosslinked polymer during or after polymerization, and a drying step after gel grinding) Salt
- water-absorbent resin powder In the gel pulverizing step, gel pulverization satisfying at least one of the following (1) to (4) with a hydrogel crosslinked polymer having a resin solid content of 10 to 80% by weight; (1) Gel grinding with gel grinding energy (GGE) 18-60 [J / g], (2) Gel grinding energy (2) Gel grinding with (GGE (2)) 9-40 [J / g] (3)
- the weight-average molecular weight of the water-soluble portion of the hydrogel crosslinked polymer is increased by 10,000 to 500,000 [Da].
- the drying is performed with a ventilation belt type dryer, and the resin solid content of the particulate hydrogel polymer when charged into the ventilation belt type dryer is 10-80.
- the drying temperature in the ventilation belt type dryer is 150 to 250 ° C.
- the wind speed of hot air is 0.8 to 2.5 [m / s] in the vertical direction (vertical direction).
- a polyacrylic acid including a polymerization step of an aqueous solution of an acrylic acid (salt) monomer, a gel grinding step of a hydrogel crosslinked polymer during or after polymerization, and a drying step after gel grinding) Salt
- the hydrogel crosslinked polymer having a resin solid content of 10 to 80% by weight is subjected to gel pulverization with a gel pulverization energy (GGE) of 18 to 60 [J / g], and then the drying temperature is 150 to 250 ° C.
- GGE gel pulverization energy
- a method for producing a polyacrylic acid (salt) water-absorbent resin powder characterized in that the surface is subjected to surface treatment.
- a polyacrylic acid including a polymerization step of an aqueous solution of an acrylic acid (salt) monomer, a gel pulverization step of a hydrogel crosslinked polymer during or after polymerization, and a drying step after gel pulverization) Salt
- water-absorbent resin powder In the gel pulverization step, the hydrogel crosslinked polymer having a resin solid content of 10 to 80% by weight is subjected to gel pulverization with gel pulverization energy (2) (GGE (2)) 9 to 40 [J / g] and then dried.
- GGE (2) gel pulverization energy (2)
- a method for producing a polyacrylic acid (salt) water-absorbent resin powder characterized by drying at a temperature of 150 to 250 ° C.
- a polyacrylic acid including a polymerization step of an acrylic acid (salt) monomer aqueous solution, a gel grinding step of a hydrogel crosslinked polymer during or after polymerization, and a drying step after gel grinding) Salt
- water-absorbent resin powder In the gel pulverization step, the hydrogel crosslinked polymer having a resin solid content of 10 to 80% by weight is gel crushed, and the weight-average molecular weight of the water-soluble fraction of the hydrogel crosslinked polymer is 10,000 to 500
- a method for producing a polyacrylic acid (salt) water-absorbent resin powder characterized in that after the increase of 000 [Da], drying is performed at a drying temperature of 150 to 250 ° C., and surface treatment is further performed.
- the resin solid content of the particulate hydrogel crosslinked polymer obtained after the gel pulverization step is 10 to 80% by weight, according to any one of [2] to [4] Manufacturing method.
- the dryer used is a ventilation belt type dryer, and the wind speed of the hot air is 0.8 to 2.5 [m / s] in the vertical direction.
- a polyacrylic acid (polymer) comprising a polymerization step of an aqueous solution of an acrylic acid (salt) monomer, a gel grinding step of a hydrogel crosslinked polymer during or after polymerization, and a drying step after gel grinding.
- the weight-average particle diameter (D50) of the particulate hydrogel crosslinked polymer obtained in the gel pulverization step is 350 to 2000 ⁇ m, and the logarithmic standard deviation ( ⁇ ) of the particle size distribution is 0.2 to 1.0.
- the resinous solid content of the particulate hydrogel polymer when charged into the ventilation belt type dryer is 10 to 80% by weight, and the drying temperature in the ventilation belt type dryer is 150 to 250 ° C. and the wind speed of the hot air is 0.8 to 2.5 [m / s] in the vertical direction
- the hydrogel crosslinked polymer is gel pulverized with a gel pulverization energy (GGE) of 18 to 60 [J / g], according to any one of [4] to [7] Production method.
- GGE gel pulverization energy
- the polymerization step is kneader polymerization or belt polymerization.
- a water-containing gel-like state having a resin solid content of 40 to 80% by weight The production method according to any one of [1] to [10], wherein the crosslinked polymer is subjected to gel pulverization.
- the surface treatment further includes an addition step of adding any one or more of a polyvalent metal salt, a cationic polymer or inorganic fine particles simultaneously with or separately from the surface cross-linking step. [1] to [19] The manufacturing method of any one of these.
- Polyacrylic acid (salt) in which the proportion of particles having a particle size of 150 ⁇ m or more and less than 850 ⁇ m is 95% by weight or more and the logarithmic standard deviation ( ⁇ ) of the particle size distribution is 0.25 to 0.50
- a water-absorbent resin The water absorption capacity under pressure (AAP) is 20 [g / g] or more, the water absorption rate (FSR) is 0.30 [g / g / s] or more, and the internal bubble rate defined by the following formula is 0.1.
- a polyacrylic acid (salt) -based water-absorbing resin characterized in that it is ⁇ 2.5%.
- the gel CRC was operated in the same manner as above except that 0.4 g of hydrous gel was used and the free swelling time was 24 hours. Further, separately, the resin solid content of the hydrogel was measured to determine the weight of the water-absorbent resin in the 0.4 g of the hydrogel, and the gel CRC was calculated according to the following formula (5). In addition, it measured 5 times per sample and employ
- msi weight of hydrogel before measurement [g]
- mb Weight of blank (nonwoven fabric only) after free swelling and draining [g]
- mwi Weight of hydrous gel after free swelling and draining [g]
- Wn solid content of water-containing gel [% by weight] It is.
- the gel Ext the same operation as described above was performed except that 5.0 g of hydrous gel cut to 1 to 5 mm on a side with scissors was used and the stirring time was 24 hours. Furthermore, the resin solid content of the hydrogel was measured separately, the water-absorbing resin weight of the 5.0 g hydrogel was determined, and the gel Ext was calculated according to the following formula (7).
- V HCl. s HCl amount necessary to bring the filtrate containing the dissolved polymer from pH 10 to pH 2.7 [ml]
- V HCl. b HCl amount necessary for making Blank (0.9 wt% sodium chloride aqueous solution) from pH 10 to pH 2.7 [ml]
- C HCl HCl solution concentration [mol / l]
- Mw average molecular weight of monomer unit in acrylic acid (salt) polymer [g / mol] (For example, when the neutralization rate is 73 mol%, Mw is 88.1 [g / mol])
- F dil Dilution degree of filtrate containing dissolved polymer ms; Weight of hydrogel before measurement [g]
- Wn solid content of water-containing gel [% by weight] It is.
- Weight-average molecular weight of water-soluble matter is a value obtained by measuring the weight-average molecular weight of the polymer dissolved by the measurement operation of Ext and Gel Ext as described above by GPC. The GPC measurement will be described.
- the apparatus is an apparatus composed of size exclusion chromatography, a refractive index detector, a light scattering detector, and a capillary viscometer.
- the measuring device and measurement conditions were as follows.
- the differential refractive index (dn / dc) of the polymer to be analyzed is 0.00. Measurement was carried out as 12. In the case of a copolymer water-absorbing resin having a monomer content other than acrylic acid (salt) of 1 mol% or more, the differential refractive index (dn / dc) in a solvent specific to the polymer is measured. , And measured using the numerical value. Furthermore, data collection and analysis of refractive index, light scattering intensity, and viscosity were performed with Viscotek OmniSEC 3.1 (registered trademark) software. The weight average molecular weight (Mw) was calculated from the data obtained from the refractive index and the light scattering intensity.
- Weight average particle diameter (D50) and logarithmic standard deviation of particle size distribution ( ⁇ ) The weight average particle diameter (D50) and logarithmic standard deviation ( ⁇ ) of the water-absorbent resin were measured according to the measuring method described in European Patent No. 0349240. On the other hand, the weight average particle diameter (D50) of the hydrogel and the logarithmic standard deviation ( ⁇ ) of the particle size distribution were measured by the following methods.
- Emal 20% aqueous sodium chloride solution
- hydrogel solid content ⁇ wt%
- EMAL 20C surfactant, manufactured by Kao Corporation
- the weight percentage was calculated from the following formula (8).
- the particle size distribution of the hydrogel was plotted on a logarithmic probability paper.
- the particle diameter corresponding to 50% by weight% R on the integrated sieve on the plot was defined as the weight average particle diameter (D50) of the hydrogel.
- the logarithmic standard deviation ( ⁇ ) was determined from (10). A smaller value of ⁇ means that the particle size distribution is narrower.
- the diameter of the internal bubbles (closed cells) existing in the water-absorbent resin is usually 1 to 300 ⁇ m, but when pulverized, the bubbles are preferentially pulverized from the portion close to the closed cells. Therefore, when the water absorbent resin is pulverized until the particle diameter is less than 45 ⁇ m, the obtained water absorbent resin contains almost no closed cells (see FIG. 3). Therefore, the dry density of the water-absorbent resin pulverized to less than 45 ⁇ m was evaluated as the true density in the present invention.
- a ball mill pot (Teraoka Co., Ltd .; Model No. 90 / inner dimensions; diameter 80 mm, height 75 mm, outer dimensions; diameter 90 mm, height 110 mm) and water-absorbing resin 15.0 g and cylindrical magnetic balls (diameter After adding 400 g (13 mm, length 13 mm), the mixture was operated at 60 Hz for 2 hours to obtain a water-absorbing resin that passed through a JIS standard sieve having a mesh size of 45 ⁇ m (particle diameter of less than 45 ⁇ m). About 6.0 g of the water-absorbing resin having a particle size of less than 45 ⁇ m, the dry density was measured after drying at 180 ° C. for 3 hours or more in the same manner as the above [apparent density]. The obtained measured value was defined as “true density” in the present invention.
- a monomer aqueous solution (1) comprising 52 parts by weight of a 5 sodium aqueous solution and 134 parts by weight of deionized water was prepared.
- the monomer aqueous solution (1) adjusted to 40 ° C. was continuously supplied with a metering pump, and then 97.1 parts by weight of a 48 wt% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was continuously line-mixed. At this time, the temperature of the aqueous monomer solution (1) rose to 85 ° C. due to heat of neutralization.
- the thickness of the continuous polymerization machine having a planar polymerization belt with weirs at both ends is about 7.5 mm. Continuously fed. Thereafter, polymerization (polymerization time 3 minutes) was continuously carried out to obtain a strip-like hydrogel (1).
- the band-like hydrogel (1) has a CRC of 28.0 [g / g], a resin solid content of 53.0% by weight, a water-soluble component of 4.0% by weight, and a weight-average molecular weight of 218,377 [water-soluble component]. Da].
- the band-shaped hydrogel (1) obtained in Production Example 1 was continuously cut at equal intervals so that the cutting length was about 300 mm in the width direction with respect to the traveling direction of the polymerization belt.
- the hydrogel (1) having a cutting length of about 300 mm was supplied to a screw extruder and crushed.
- a meat chopper having a diameter of 340 mm, a hole diameter of 22 mm, a hole number of 105, a hole plate of 52%, a thickness of 20 mm, and a screw shaft diameter of 152 mm was used.
- the hydrogel (1) was 132800 [g / min], and at the same time, the hot water at 70 ° C. was 855.8 [g / min] and the water vapor was 3333 [g / min]. min].
- the gel grinding energy (GGE) at this time was 17.9 [J / g], and the gel grinding energy (2) (GGE (2)) was 8.7 [J / g].
- the current value of the meat chopper at the time of gel pulverization was 89.6A.
- the temperature of the hydrous gel (1) before gel pulverization was 90 ° C.
- the temperature of the comparative pulverized gel after gel pulverization, ie, the comparative particulate hydrous gel (1) was raised to 110 ° C.
- the comparative particulate water-containing gel (1) obtained in the gel pulverization step has a CRC of 28.2 [g / g], a resin solid content of 49.4% by weight, a water-soluble content of 4.3% by weight, and a water-soluble content.
- the weight average molecular weight was 225,674 [Da]
- the weight average particle size (D50) was 1041 ⁇ m
- the logarithmic standard deviation ( ⁇ ) of the particle size distribution was 1.74.
- Table 1 shows the conditions for the gel grinding step
- Table 2 shows the physical properties of the comparative particulate hydrous gel (1).
- the comparative particulate water-containing gel (1) was sprayed on the ventilation belt within 1 minute after the completion of the gel grinding (the temperature of the comparative particulate water-containing gel (1) at this time was 80 ° C.), and 30 ° C. at 185 ° C. Drying was performed for minutes, and 246 parts by weight of the comparative dry polymer (1) (total discharge amount in the drying step) was obtained.
- the moving speed of the ventilation belt was 1 [m / min], and the average wind speed of the hot air was 1.0 [m / s] in the direction perpendicular to the traveling direction of the ventilation belt.
- the wind speed of the hot air was measured with a constant temperature thermal anemometer Anemomaster 6162 manufactured by Nippon Kanomax Co., Ltd.
- the total amount of the comparative dry polymer (1) of about 60 ° C. obtained in the above drying step was continuously supplied to a three-stage roll mill and pulverized (pulverization step), and then further passed through a JIS standard sieve having openings of 710 ⁇ m and 175 ⁇ m.
- a JIS standard sieve having openings of 710 ⁇ m and 175 ⁇ m.
- the comparative water-absorbent resin particles (1) have a weight average particle diameter (D50) of 350 ⁇ m, a logarithmic standard deviation of particle size distribution ( ⁇ ) of 0.33, a CRC of 31.6 [g / g], and a water-soluble content of 6.8.
- the weight percentage was 0.6% by weight, and the particles having passed through 150 ⁇ m (the ratio of the particles passing through a sieve having an opening of 150 ⁇ m).
- the comparative water absorbent resin particles (1) for 100 parts by weight of the comparative water absorbent resin particles (1), 0.3 parts by weight of 1,4-butanediol, 0.6 parts by weight of propylene glycol and 3.0 parts by weight of deionized water ( Covalent bonding)
- the surface crosslinking agent solution is uniformly mixed, and the CRC of the comparative water absorbent resin powder (1) obtained is about 26.6 to 27.4 [g / g] at 208 ° C. for about 40 minutes. It heat-processed so that it might become.
- Example 1 The strip-shaped hydrogel (1) obtained in Production Example 1 was compared except that the cutting length was 200 mm, the hot water and water vapor were not supplied, and the screw shaft rotation speed of the meat chopper was changed to 115 rpm and the gel was crushed. The same operation as in Example 1 was performed to obtain a pulverized gel, that is, a particulate hydrous gel (1), water absorbent resin particles (1), and water absorbent resin powder (1).
- the gel grinding energy (GGE) was 27.8 [J / g]
- the gel grinding energy (2) (GGE (2)) was 15.5 [J / g].
- the current value of the meat chopper at the time of gel pulverization was 104.7A.
- the temperature of the hydrogel (1) before gel pulverization was 90 ° C.
- the temperature of the particulate hydrogel (1) after gel pulverization was lowered to 85 ° C.
- the temperature of the particulate hydrous gel (1) when the dryer was introduced was 75 ° C.
- the obtained particulate water-containing gel (1) had a CRC of 28.3 [g / g], a resin solid content of 50.8% by weight, a water-soluble content of 4.4% by weight, and a water-soluble content weight average molecular weight of 253, 596 [Da], weight average particle size (D50) 750 ⁇ m, logarithmic standard deviation ( ⁇ ) 0.79 of particle size distribution.
- Table 1 shows the conditions of the gel grinding step
- Table 2 shows the physical properties of the particulate hydrogel (1).
- the water-absorbent resin particles (1) have a weight average particle diameter (D50) of 340 ⁇ m, a logarithmic standard deviation ( ⁇ ) of 0.32 in particle size distribution, a CRC of 32.0 [g / g], a water-soluble content of 6. 9% by weight, 150 ⁇ m passing particles (the ratio of particles passing through a sieve having an opening of 150 ⁇ m) was 0.7% by weight.
- D50 weight average particle diameter
- ⁇ logarithmic standard deviation
- Example 2 Compared to the strip-shaped hydrogel (1) obtained in Production Example 1, except that the cutting length was 200 mm, the hot water and water vapor were not supplied, and the screw shaft rotation speed of the meat chopper was changed to 134 rpm and the gel was crushed. The same operation as in Example 1 was performed to obtain a particulate hydrous gel (2), water absorbent resin particles (2), and water absorbent resin powder (2).
- the gel grinding energy (GGE) was 28.2 [J / g]
- the gel grinding energy (2) (GGE (2)) was 15.8 [J / g].
- the current value of the meat chopper at the time of gel grinding was 105.6A.
- the temperature of the hydrogel (2) before gel pulverization was 90 ° C.
- the temperature of the particulate hydrogel (2) after gel pulverization was lowered to 86 ° C.
- the temperature of the particulate hydrogel (2) when the dryer was introduced was 76 ° C.
- the obtained particulate hydrous gel (2) had a CRC of 28.3 [g / g], a resin solid content of 51.8% by weight, a water-soluble content of 4.4% by weight, and a weight-average molecular weight of 258, 606 [Da], weight average particle size (D50) 676 ⁇ m, logarithmic standard deviation of particle size distribution ( ⁇ ) 0.87.
- Table 1 shows the conditions of the gel grinding step, and Table 2 shows the physical properties of the particulate hydrogel (2).
- the water-absorbent resin particles (2) have a weight average particle diameter (D50) of 331 ⁇ m, a logarithmic standard deviation of particle size distribution ( ⁇ ) of 0.32, a CRC of 31.9 [g / g], a water-soluble content of 6. 9% by weight, 150 ⁇ m passing particles (ratio of particles passing through a sieve having an opening of 150 ⁇ m) was 0.6% by weight.
- D50 weight average particle diameter
- ⁇ logarithmic standard deviation of particle size distribution
- CRC 31.9 [g / g]
- 150 ⁇ m passing particles ratio of particles passing through a sieve having an opening of 150 ⁇ m was 0.6% by weight.
- Table 3 Various properties of the water absorbent resin powder (2) are shown in Table 3.
- Example 3 The strip-shaped hydrous gel (1) obtained in Production Example 1 was compared except that the cutting length was 200 mm, hot water and water vapor were not supplied, and the screw centrifuge speed of the meat chopper was changed to 153 rpm and the gel was crushed. The same operation as in Example 1 was performed to obtain a particulate hydrous gel (3), water absorbent resin particles (3), and water absorbent resin powder (3).
- the gel grinding energy (GGE) was 31.9 [J / g]
- the gel grinding energy (2) (GGE (2)) was 19.2 [J / g].
- the current value of the meat chopper at the time of gel pulverization was 115.8A.
- the temperature of the hydrogel (1) before gel pulverization was 90 ° C.
- the temperature of the particulate hydrogel (3) after gel pulverization was lowered to 87 ° C.
- the temperature of the particulate hydrogel (3) when the dryer was introduced was 77 ° C.
- the obtained particulate hydrous gel (3) had a CRC of 28.3 [g / g], a resin solid content of 51.2% by weight, a water-soluble component of 4.7% by weight, and a water-soluble component weight average molecular weight of 267, 785 [Da], weight average particle diameter (D50) 705 ⁇ m, logarithmic standard deviation ( ⁇ ) 0.85 of particle size distribution.
- Table 1 shows the conditions of the gel grinding step
- Table 2 shows the physical properties of the particulate hydrous gel (3).
- the water-absorbent resin particles (3) have a weight average particle diameter (D50) of 356 ⁇ m, a logarithmic standard deviation of particle size distribution ( ⁇ ) of 0.34, a CRC of 31.5 [g / g], a water-soluble content of 6. 4% by weight and 150 ⁇ m passing particles (ratio of particles passing through a sieve having an opening of 150 ⁇ m) were 0.6% by weight.
- D50 weight average particle diameter
- ⁇ logarithmic standard deviation of particle size distribution
- CRC 31.5 [g / g]
- a water-soluble content of 6. 4% by weight
- 150 ⁇ m passing particles ratio of particles passing through a sieve having an opening of 150 ⁇ m
- Example 4 The strip-shaped hydrogel (1) obtained in Production Example 1 was subjected to the same operation as in Comparative Example 1 except that gel pulverization was performed without supplying warm water and water vapor. Resin particles (4) and water absorbent resin powder (4) were obtained.
- the gel grinding energy (GGE) was 23.5 [J / g]
- the gel grinding energy (2) (GGE (2)) was 13.2 [J / g].
- the current value of the meat chopper at the time of gel pulverization was 106.0 A.
- the temperature of the hydrogel (1) before gel pulverization was 90 ° C., and the temperature of the particulate hydrogel (4) after gel pulverization was lowered to 87 ° C. Furthermore, the temperature of the particulate hydrogel (4) when the dryer was introduced was 77 ° C.
- the resulting particulate hydrogel (4) had a CRC of 28.3 [g / g], a resin solid content of 52.2% by weight, a water-soluble component of 4.7% by weight, and a water-soluble component weight average molecular weight of 263,
- the average particle size (D50) was 892 ⁇ m, and the logarithmic standard deviation ( ⁇ ) of the particle size distribution was 0.98.
- Table 1 shows the conditions of the gel grinding step, and Table 2 shows the physical properties of the particulate hydrous gel (4).
- the water-absorbent resin particles (4) have a weight average particle diameter (D50) of 351 ⁇ m, a logarithmic standard deviation ( ⁇ ) of 0.33 in particle size distribution, CRC of 31.6 [g / g], a water-soluble content of 6. 4% by weight, 150 ⁇ m passing particles (ratio of particles passing through a sieve having an opening of 150 ⁇ m) was 0.5% by weight.
- D50 weight average particle diameter
- ⁇ logarithmic standard deviation
- Example 5 The comparative particulate hydrogel (1) obtained in Comparative Example 1 was further supplied to another screw extruder, and gel pulverization was performed again.
- a meat chopper having a diameter of 68 mm, a hole diameter of 11 mm, and a perforated plate having a thickness of 8 mm and a screw shaft diameter of 21.0 mm was used.
- the comparative particulate water-containing gel (1) was supplied at 360 [g / min] to obtain the particulate water-containing gel (5).
- warm water and water vapor were not supplied in the regel pulverization.
- the temperature of the comparative particulate hydrogel (1) before re-gel grinding was 105 ° C
- the temperature of the particulate hydrogel (5) after gel grinding was lowered to 95 ° C.
- the temperature of the particulate hydrogel (5) when the dryer was introduced was 85 ° C.
- the gel grinding energy (GGE) was 34.3 [J / g]
- the gel grinding energy (2) (GGE (2)) was 18.3 [J / g].
- the particulate water-containing gel (5) obtained by the above-mentioned regel pulverization has a CRC of 28.5 [g / g], a resin solid content of 49.1% by weight, a water-soluble content of 4.4% by weight, and a water-soluble content.
- the weight average molecular weight was 269,885 [Da]
- the weight average particle size (D50) was 772 ⁇ m
- the logarithmic standard deviation ( ⁇ ) of the particle size distribution was 0.91.
- the conditions of the gel grinding step are shown in Table 1, and the physical properties of the particulate hydrous gel (5) are shown in Table 2.
- the obtained particulate hydrogel (5) was subjected to the same operations as in Comparative Example 1 (drying, pulverization, classification, surface crosslinking, etc.) to obtain water absorbent resin particles (5) and water absorbent resin powder (5).
- Comparative Example 1 drying, pulverization, classification, surface crosslinking, etc.
- the water-absorbent resin particles (5) obtained by the above operation have a weight average particle diameter (D50) of 360 ⁇ m, a logarithmic standard deviation of particle size distribution ( ⁇ ) of 0.33, CRC 31.7 [g / g], water
- D50 weight average particle diameter
- ⁇ logarithmic standard deviation of particle size distribution
- CRC 31.7 [g / g] CRC 31.7 [g / g]
- the content of the solution was 7.3% by weight and the particles having passed through 150 ⁇ m (the ratio of particles passing through a sieve having an opening of 150 ⁇ m) was 0.6% by weight.
- Table 3 Various physical properties of the water absorbent resin powder (5) are shown in Table 3.
- Example 6 The comparative particulate hydrogel (1) obtained in Comparative Example 1 was further supplied to another screw extruder, and gel pulverization was performed again.
- a meat chopper having a screw shaft diameter of 21.0 mm provided with a perforated plate having a diameter of 68 mm, a hole diameter of 7.5 mm, and a thickness of 8 mm was used.
- the comparative particulate hydrogel (1) was supplied at 360 [g / min] to obtain the particulate hydrogel (6).
- warm water and water vapor were not supplied in the regel pulverization.
- the temperature of the comparative particulate hydrogel (1) before re-gel grinding was 105 ° C
- the temperature of the particulate hydrogel (6) after gel grinding was lowered to 96 ° C.
- the temperature of the particulate hydrogel (6) when the dryer was introduced was 86 ° C.
- the gel grinding energy (GGE) was 39.8 [J / g]
- the gel grinding energy (2) (GGE (2)) was 23.8 [J / g].
- the particulate water-containing gel (6) obtained by the above-mentioned regel pulverization has a CRC of 29.1 [g / g], a resin solid content of 49.8% by weight, a water-soluble content of 5.4% by weight, and a water-soluble content.
- the weight average molecular weight was 326,424 [Da]
- the weight average particle size (D50) was 367 ⁇ m
- the logarithmic standard deviation ( ⁇ ) of the particle size distribution was 0.71.
- Table 1 shows the conditions of the gel grinding step
- Table 2 shows the physical properties of the particulate hydrous gel (6).
- the obtained particulate hydrogel (6) was subjected to the same operations as in Comparative Example 1 (drying, pulverization, classification, surface cross-linking, etc.) to obtain water absorbent resin particles (6) and water absorbent resin powder (6).
- Comparative Example 1 drying, pulverization, classification, surface cross-linking, etc.
- the water absorbent resin particles (6) obtained by the above operation have a weight average particle size (D50) of 390 ⁇ m, a logarithmic standard deviation of particle size distribution ( ⁇ ) of 0.36, CRC 32.5 [g / g], water The dissolved content was 8.6% by weight, and the particles having passed through 150 ⁇ m (the ratio of particles passing through a sieve having an opening of 150 ⁇ m) were 0.5% by weight.
- the physical properties of the water absorbent resin powder (6) are shown in Table 3.
- Example 7 The comparative particulate hydrogel (1) obtained in Comparative Example 1 was further supplied to another screw extruder, and gel pulverization was performed again.
- a meat chopper having a screw shaft diameter of 21.0 mm provided with a perforated plate having a diameter of 68 mm, a hole diameter of 7.5 mm, and a thickness of 8 mm was used as the screw extruder.
- the pore diameter was sequentially changed from 7.5 mm to 6.2 mm, 4.7 mm, and 3.2 mm, and gel pulverization was repeatedly performed.
- the comparative particulate hydrogel (1) was supplied at 360 [g / min] to obtain the particulate hydrogel (7).
- warm water and water vapor were not supplied in the second and subsequent re-gel grinding.
- the gel grinding energy (GGE) was 72.5 [J / g]
- the gel grinding energy (2) (GGE (2)) was 36.1 [J / g].
- the particulate hydrogel (7) obtained by the above-mentioned regel pulverization has a CRC of 29.5 [g / g], a resin solid content of 50.3% by weight, a water-soluble content of 6.3% by weight, and a water-soluble content.
- the weight average molecular weight was 553,670 [Da]
- the weight average particle size (D50) was 1990 ⁇ m
- the logarithmic standard deviation ( ⁇ ) of the particle size distribution was 0.94.
- Table 1 shows the conditions of the gel grinding step
- Table 2 shows the physical properties of the particulate hydrous gel (7).
- the obtained particulate hydrogel (7) was subjected to the same operations as in Comparative Example 1 (drying, pulverization, classification, surface crosslinking, etc.) to obtain water absorbent resin particles (7) and water absorbent resin powder (7).
- Comparative Example 1 drying, pulverization, classification, surface crosslinking, etc.
- the water absorbent resin particles (7) obtained by the above operation had a weight average particle diameter (D50) of 336 ⁇ m, a logarithmic standard deviation of particle size distribution ( ⁇ ) of 0.34, CRC32.2 [g / g], water The dissolved content was 10.7% by weight, and the particles having passed through 150 ⁇ m (the ratio of particles passing through a sieve having an opening of 150 ⁇ m) were 0.7% by weight.
- Various physical properties of the water absorbent resin powder (7) are shown in Table 3.
- Production Example 2 In Production Example 1, the same operation as in Production Example 1 was performed except that the composition of the monomer aqueous solution was changed to the following, to obtain a strip-shaped hydrous gel (2). That is, 193.3 parts by weight of acrylic acid, 163.03 parts by weight of 48% by weight aqueous sodium hydroxide, 0.659 parts by weight of polyethylene glycol diacrylate (average n number 9), 0.1% by weight of ethylenediaminetetra (methylenephosphonic acid) ) Except that a monomer aqueous solution (2) consisting of 52 parts by weight of a 5 sodium aqueous solution and 134 parts by weight of deionized water was prepared, the same operation as in Production Example 1 was carried out to obtain a strip-shaped hydrogel (2).
- the band-like hydrogel (2) has a CRC of 33.2 [g / g], a resin solid content of 53.0% by weight, a water-soluble component of 8.0% by weight, and a water-soluble component weight average molecular weight of 468, 684 [ Da].
- the comparative particulate water-containing gel (2 ′) was supplied at 500 [g / min] in a state where the screw shaft rotation speed of the meat chopper was 172 rpm, to obtain a comparative particulate water-containing gel (2).
- warm water and water vapor were not supplied in the regel pulverization.
- the gel grinding energy (GGE) was 66.2 [J / g]
- the gel grinding energy (2) (GGE (2)) was 50.2 [J / g].
- the comparative particulate water-containing gel (2) obtained by the above-mentioned regel pulverization has a CRC of 35.1 [g / g], a resin solid content of 52.8% by weight, a water-soluble content of 15.2% by weight, and a water-soluble content.
- the weight average molecular weight was 1,091,000 [Da]
- the weight average particle size (D50) was 484 ⁇ m
- the logarithmic standard deviation ( ⁇ ) of the particle size distribution was 1.25.
- Table 1 shows the conditions of the gel grinding step
- Table 2 shows the physical properties of the comparative particulate hydrous gel (2).
- the comparative water-absorbent resin particles (2) obtained by the above operation have a weight average particle size (D50) of 392 ⁇ m, a logarithmic standard deviation ( ⁇ ) of 0.36 in particle size distribution, CRC 38.3 [g / g], water
- the soluble part was 19.7% by weight and the particles passed through 150 ⁇ m (the ratio of the particles passing through a sieve having an opening of 150 ⁇ m) was 0.6% by weight.
- Table 3 shows various physical properties of the comparative water absorbent resin powder (2).
- the monomer aqueous solution (3) was stirred using a static mixer in which an element having a length of 18.6 mm and a diameter of 6 mm added with 1.5 rotation twist was added to a pipe having a pipe diameter of 6 mm, and then the element aqueous solution (3) was stirred.
- a 2 wt% sodium persulfate aqueous solution was added as a polymerization initiator at a flow rate of 0.151 [g / s] from a position about 3 cm downstream from the last part.
- polymerization was carried out by continuously feeding to a belt polymerization apparatus having a fluorine-coated endless belt having a length of 3.8 m and a width of 60 cm to obtain a belt-like hydrogel (3).
- a UV lamp is installed at the upper part of the belt, the bottom and surroundings are heated and kept at about 100 ° C., and an intake pipe for collecting evaporated water is installed in the central part of the polymerization apparatus. . Further, the pipe length from the addition of the polymerization initiator to the inlet to the polymerization apparatus was 30 cm.
- the obtained band-shaped hydrogel (3) has a CRC of 32.5 [g / g], a resin solid content of 58.0% by weight, a water-soluble content of 5.2% by weight, and a water-soluble content weight average molecular weight of 551. 353 [Da].
- the strip-shaped hydrogel (3) of about 50 ° C. obtained in Production Example 3 was continuously supplied to the screw extruder, and at the same time, the gel was pulverized while injecting water vapor from the water supply port.
- a screw chopper provided with a water supply port as shown in FIG. 1 of JP-A-2000-63527 was used as the screw extruder.
- the comparative particulate water-containing gel (3) obtained by the gel pulverization operation generated steam when it was discharged from the meat chopper, and was free flowing and had high fluidity.
- the temperature of the hydrogel (3) before gel pulverization was 50 ° C., and the temperature of the comparative particulate hydrogel (3) after gel pulverization was increased to 55 ° C.
- the temperature of the comparative particulate water-containing gel (3) when the dryer was introduced was 45 ° C.
- the gel grinding energy (GGE) was 15.3 [J / g]
- the gel grinding energy (2) (GGE (2)) was 7.2 [J / g].
- the comparative particulate water-containing gel (3) has a CRC of 32.4 [g / g], a resin solid content of 56.5% by weight, a water-soluble component of 5.5% by weight, and a water-soluble component weight average molecular weight of 555.
- the average particle size was 210 [Da]
- the weight average particle size (D50) was 2125 ⁇ m
- the logarithmic standard deviation ( ⁇ ) was 2.22 in the particle size distribution.
- Table 1 shows the conditions of the gel grinding step
- Table 2 shows the physical properties of the comparative particulate hydrous gel (3).
- the comparative particulate water-containing gel (3) is dried for 35 minutes with a hot air drier at 180 ° C., then pulverized with a roll mill (pulverization step), and further classified, followed by comparatively water absorption in an irregularly crushed shape. Resin particles (3) were obtained.
- the average wind speed of the hot air in the hot air dryer was 1.0 [m / s] in the direction perpendicular to the plane on which the particulate hydrous gel was placed.
- the wind speed of the hot air was measured with a constant temperature thermal anemometer Anemomaster 6162 manufactured by Nippon Kanomax Co., Ltd.
- the comparative water-absorbent resin particles (3) have a weight average particle diameter (D50) of 351 ⁇ m, a logarithmic standard deviation of particle size distribution ( ⁇ ) of 0.34, a CRC of 37.0 [g / g], and a water-soluble content of 12.0. % By weight, particles passing through 150 ⁇ m (ratio of particles passing through a sieve having an opening of 150 ⁇ m) was 3.1% by weight.
- the mixture is cooled, and consists of 1.17 parts by weight of 27.5% by weight aqueous aluminum sulfate solution (8% by weight in terms of aluminum oxide), 0.196 parts by weight of 60% by weight aqueous sodium lactate solution, and 0.029 parts by weight of propylene glycol. (Ion bondability)
- the surface crosslinking agent solution was mixed uniformly.
- the obtained comparative particulate water-containing gel (4) has a CRC of 32.5 [g / g], a resin solid content of 55.0% by weight, a water-soluble content of 5.5% by weight, and a weight-average molecular weight of 556 of the water-soluble component.
- 205 [Da] weight average particle size (D50) 2304 ⁇ m, logarithmic standard deviation ( ⁇ ) 2.39 of particle size distribution.
- Table 1 shows the conditions of the gel grinding step, and Table 2 shows the physical properties of the comparative particulate hydrous gel (4).
- the comparative water-absorbent resin particles (4) have a weight average particle diameter (D50) of 350 ⁇ m, a logarithmic standard deviation of particle size distribution ( ⁇ ) of 0.34, a CRC of 37.0 [g / g], a water-soluble content of 12 0.0% by weight, 150 ⁇ m passing particles (the ratio of particles passing through a sieve having an opening of 150 ⁇ m) was 2.7% by weight.
- D50 weight average particle diameter
- ⁇ logarithmic standard deviation of particle size distribution
- CRC 37.0 [g / g]
- 150 ⁇ m passing particles the ratio of particles passing through a sieve having an opening of 150 ⁇ m was 2.7% by weight.
- Table 3 The physical properties of the comparative water absorbent resin powder (4) are shown in Table 3.
- the obtained comparative particulate water-containing gel (5) has a CRC of 33.1 [g / g], a resin solid content of 58.0% by weight, a water-soluble content of 13.1% by weight, and a weight-average molecular weight of 1 for the water-soluble component. , 087, 542 [Da], weight average particle size (D50) 1690 ⁇ m, logarithmic standard deviation ( ⁇ ) 1.53 of particle size distribution.
- Table 1 shows the conditions of the gel grinding step
- Table 2 shows the physical properties of the comparative particulate hydrous gel (5).
- the comparative water-absorbent resin particle (5) has a weight average particle diameter (D50) of 347 ⁇ m, a logarithmic standard deviation ( ⁇ ) of 0.34 in the particle size distribution, CRC 36.0 [g / g], water-soluble content 21 0.0% by weight, particles having passed through 150 ⁇ m (the ratio of particles passing through a sieve having an opening of 150 ⁇ m) were 3.5% by weight.
- D50 weight average particle diameter
- ⁇ logarithmic standard deviation
- Comparative Example 6 For the comparative particulate water-containing gel (1) obtained in Comparative Example 1, the comparative particulate water-containing gel (1) having a particle diameter of about 2 mm was selected and used as a comparative particulate water-containing gel (6). In addition, the temperature of the comparative particulate water-containing gel (6) when the dryer was introduced was 80 ° C.
- the comparative particulate hydrous gel (6) has a CRC of 28.0 [g / g], a resin solid content of 49.2% by weight, a water-soluble content of 4.3% by weight, and a water-soluble content weight average molecular weight of 220,518. [Da], weight average particle size (D50) 2046 ⁇ m, logarithmic standard deviation ( ⁇ ) 0.91 of particle size distribution.
- Table 1 shows the conditions for the gel grinding step
- Table 2 shows the physical properties of the comparative particulate hydrous gel (6).
- the comparative particulate water-containing gel (6) was subjected to the same operations as in Comparative Example 1 (drying, pulverization, classification, etc.) to obtain amorphous crushed comparative water-absorbent resin particles (6).
- the comparative water-absorbent resin particles (6) have a weight average particle diameter (D50) of 398 ⁇ m, a logarithmic standard deviation of particle size distribution ( ⁇ ) of 0.36, a CRC of 32.5 [g / g], and a water-soluble content of 6.8.
- the weight percentage was 0.6% by weight, and the particles having passed through 150 ⁇ m (the ratio of the particles passing through a sieve having an opening of 150 ⁇ m).
- the mixture is cooled, and consists of 1.17 parts by weight of 27.5% by weight aqueous aluminum sulfate solution (8% by weight in terms of aluminum oxide), 0.196 parts by weight of 60% by weight aqueous sodium lactate solution, and 0.029 parts by weight of propylene glycol. (Ion bondability)
- the surface crosslinking agent solution was mixed uniformly.
- Example 8 The particulate water-containing gel (1) obtained in Example 1 was sprayed on the ventilation belt within 1 minute after completion of the gel grinding (the temperature of the particulate water-containing gel (1) at this time was 80 ° C.), and the temperature was 185 ° C. Drying was performed for 30 minutes to obtain a dry polymer (8).
- the moving speed of the ventilation belt was 1 [m / min], and the average wind speed of the hot air was 0.5 [m / s] in the direction perpendicular to the traveling direction of the ventilation belt.
- the wind speed of the hot air was measured with a constant temperature thermal anemometer Anemomaster 6162 manufactured by Nippon Kanomax Co., Ltd.
- the dried polymer (8) obtained in the drying step is continuously fed to a three-stage roll mill and pulverized (pulverization step), and then further classified by JIS standard sieves having openings of 710 ⁇ m and 175 ⁇ m.
- Regular crushed water-absorbent resin particles (8) were obtained.
- the water-absorbent resin particles (8) have a weight average particle diameter (D50) of 350 ⁇ m, a logarithmic standard deviation of particle size distribution ( ⁇ ) of 0.33, CRC of 28.9 [g / g], and a water-soluble content of 6.4 weight. %, 150 ⁇ m passing particles (ratio of particles passing through a sieve having an opening of 150 ⁇ m), 0.7% by weight.
- the water-absorbent resin particles (8) were subjected to the same surface cross-linking treatment and sizing as the comparative water-absorbent resin particles (6) of Comparative Example 6 to obtain a water-absorbent resin powder (8).
- Table 3 shows properties of the water absorbent resin powder (8).
- Example 9 The particulate water-containing gel (1) obtained in Example 1 was sprayed on the ventilation belt within 1 minute after completion of the gel grinding (the temperature of the particulate water-containing gel (1) at this time was 80 ° C.), and the temperature was 185 ° C. Drying was performed for 30 minutes to obtain a dry polymer (9).
- the moving speed of the ventilation belt was 1 [m / min], and the average wind speed of the hot air was 3.0 [m / s] in the direction perpendicular to the traveling direction of the ventilation belt.
- the wind speed of the hot air was measured with a constant temperature thermal anemometer Anemomaster 6162 manufactured by Nippon Kanomax Co., Ltd.
- the dried polymer (9) obtained in the drying step is continuously fed to a three-stage roll mill and pulverized (pulverization step), and then further classified by JIS standard sieves having openings of 710 ⁇ m and 175 ⁇ m.
- Regular crushed water-absorbent resin particles (9) were obtained.
- the water-absorbent resin particles (9) have a weight average particle diameter (D50) of 330 ⁇ m, a logarithmic standard deviation of particle size distribution ( ⁇ ) of 0.35, CRC of 33.8 [g / g], and a water-soluble content of 7.9 weight. %, 150 ⁇ m passing particles (ratio of particles passing through a sieve having an opening of 150 ⁇ m), 1.5% by weight.
- Example 7 The particulate water-containing gel (1) obtained in Example 1 was sprayed on the ventilation belt within 1 minute after the completion of gel grinding (the temperature of the particulate water-containing gel (1) at this time was 80 ° C.). Drying was performed for 30 minutes to obtain a comparative dry polymer (7).
- the moving speed of the ventilation belt was 1 [m / min], and the average wind speed of the hot air was 1.0 [m / s] in the direction perpendicular to the traveling direction of the ventilation belt.
- the wind speed of the hot air was measured with a constant temperature thermal anemometer Anemomaster 6162 manufactured by Nippon Kanomax Co., Ltd.
- the comparative dry polymer (7) obtained in the drying step is continuously supplied to a three-stage roll mill and pulverized (pulverization step), and then further classified with JIS standard sieves having openings of 710 ⁇ m and 175 ⁇ m.
- An irregular shaped comparative water-absorbent resin particle (7) was obtained.
- the comparative water-absorbent resin particles (7) have a weight average particle size (D50) of 370 ⁇ m, a logarithmic standard deviation ( ⁇ ) of 0.34 in particle size distribution, CRC of 27.8 [g / g], and a water-soluble content of 6.4. %
- D50 weight average particle size
- ⁇ logarithmic standard deviation
- the comparative water absorbent resin particles (7) were subjected to the same surface crosslinking treatment and sizing as the comparative water absorbent resin particles (6) of Comparative Example 6 to obtain a comparative water absorbent resin powder (7).
- Table 3 shows properties of the comparative water absorbent resin powder (7).
- Example 8 The particulate water-containing gel (1) obtained in Example 1 was sprayed on the ventilation belt within 1 minute after the completion of gel grinding (the temperature of the particulate water-containing gel (1) at this time was 80 ° C.). Drying was performed for 30 minutes to obtain a comparative dry polymer (8).
- the moving speed of the ventilation belt was 1 [m / min], and the average wind speed of the hot air was 1.0 [m / s] in the direction perpendicular to the traveling direction of the ventilation belt.
- the wind speed of the hot air was measured with a constant temperature thermal anemometer Anemomaster 6162 manufactured by Nippon Kanomax Co., Ltd.
- the comparative dry polymer (8) obtained in the drying step is continuously fed to a three-stage roll mill and pulverized (pulverization step), and then further classified by JIS standard sieves having openings of 710 ⁇ m and 175 ⁇ m.
- a comparatively pulverized comparative water-absorbent resin particle (8) was obtained.
- the comparative water-absorbent resin particles (8) have a weight average particle diameter (D50) of 390 ⁇ m, a logarithmic standard deviation of particle size distribution ( ⁇ ) of 0.36, a CRC of 32.0 [g / g], and a water-soluble content of 9.1.
- D50 weight average particle diameter
- ⁇ logarithmic standard deviation of particle size distribution
- CRC 32.0 [g / g]
- a water-soluble content 9.1.
- 150 ⁇ m passing particles ratio of particles passing through a sieve having an opening of 150 ⁇ m
- the comparative water absorbent resin particles (8) were subjected to the same surface crosslinking treatment and sizing as the comparative water absorbent resin particles (6) of Comparative Example 6 to obtain a comparative water absorbent resin powder (8).
- Table 3 shows properties of the comparative water absorbent resin powder (8).
- the monomer aqueous solution (1) adjusted to 42 ° C. was continuously supplied with a metering pump, and then 97.1 parts by weight of a 48 wt% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was continuously line-mixed. At this time, the temperature of the aqueous monomer solution (1) rose to 87 ° C. due to heat of neutralization.
- the thickness of the continuous polymerization machine having a planar polymerization belt with weirs at both ends is about 7.5 mm.
- Polymerization (polymerization time 3 minutes) was continuously carried out to obtain a strip-like hydrogel (4).
- the band-shaped hydrogel (4) has a CRC of 27.7 [g / g], a resin solid content of 53.3% by weight, a water-soluble component of 3.8% by weight, and a water-soluble component weight-average molecular weight of 221,156. Da].
- Comparative Example 9 Subsequent to Production Example 4, the same operation as in Comparative Example 1 was performed to continuously produce a polyacrylic acid (salt) -based water absorbent resin powder.
- Table 1 shows the conditions of the gel grinding step, and Table 2 shows the physical properties of the comparative particulate hydrous gel (9).
- Table 3 shows properties of the comparative water absorbent resin powder (9) thus obtained.
- Example 10 In Example 3, the same operation as in Example 3 was performed, except that the (covalent bonding) surface crosslinking agent solution was changed to a solution consisting of 0.5 parts by weight of ethylene carbonate and 3.0 parts by weight of deionized water. Water-absorbent resin powder (10) was obtained. Table 3 shows properties of the water absorbent resin powder (10) obtained.
- the shape of the obtained water absorbent resin powder is particulate (powder) like the water absorbent resin particles before surface crosslinking, and the particle size after surface crosslinking is almost the same or slightly It was about to increase.
- the gel grinding energy (GGE) is 18 to 60 [J / g] or gel pulverizing energy (2) (GGE (2)) of 9 to 40 [J / g] and then pulverizing the gel and drying and surface-treating, or water of the hydrated gel Drying and surface treatment after increasing the weight average molecular weight of the soluble component by 10,000 to 500,000 [Da], and further, the weight average particle size (D50) of the particulate hydrous gel is 350 to 2000 ⁇ m, and the particle size distribution Liquid permeability ( ⁇ ) is 0.2 to 1.0, gel crushed so that the resin solid content is 10 to 80% by weight, and dried and surface-treated under specific conditions.
- the gel grinding energy (GGE) is 18 to 60 [J / g] or gel pulverizing energy (2) (GGE (2)) of 9 to 40 [J / g] and then pulverizing the gel and drying and surface-treating, or water of the hydrated gel Drying and surface treatment after increasing the weight average molecular weight of the
- liquid permeability SFC / smaller surface area is preferred
- water absorption speed FSR / larger surface area are more preferred
- both can be made highly compatible.
- the production method of the present invention has a high water absorption rate of FSR of 0.30 [g / g / s] or more, and an SFC of 70 [ ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 ⁇ cm 3 ⁇ s ⁇ g ⁇ 1 ] or higher.
- the present invention can be suitably used in a method for producing a high SFC and high FSR water-absorbent resin suitable for such sanitary materials.
- Patent Documents 1 to 50 are known for improving the water absorption speed and liquid permeability of water-absorbent resins.
- at least one of specific gel pulverizations (1) to (4) is known. It has been found that it is possible to improve the water absorption rate (for example, FSR) and liquid permeability (for example, SFC) and to achieve both of them.
- the water-absorbent resin powder produced by the production method of the present invention is useful for sanitary goods such as paper diapers, sanitary napkins and medical blood retention agents.
- pet urine absorbent, urine gelling agent for portable toilets and freshness-preserving agent such as fruits and vegetables, drip absorbent for meat and seafood, cold insulation, disposable warmer, gelling agent for batteries, water retention agent for plants and soil It can also be used in various applications such as anti-condensation agents, water-stopping agents and packing agents, and artificial snow.
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Abstract
Description
(1)ゲル粉砕エネルギー(GGE)18~60[J/g]でゲル粉砕、
(2)ゲル粉砕エネルギー(2)(GGE(2))9~40[J/g]でゲル粉砕、
(3)含水ゲル状架橋重合体の水可溶分の重量平均分子量を10,000~500,000[Da]増加、
(4)得られる粒子状の含水ゲル状架橋重合体の重量平均粒子径(D50)が350~2000μm、かつ、粒度分布の対数標準偏差(σζ)が0.2~1.0となるまでゲル粉砕、
を行った後に、乾燥機での乾燥温度が150~250℃で乾燥し、更に表面処理を行うことを特徴とする。
(1-1)「吸水性樹脂」
本発明における「吸水性樹脂」とは、水膨潤性水不溶性の高分子ゲル化剤を意味する。尚、「水膨潤性」とは、ERT442.2-02で規定するCRC(無加圧下吸水倍率)が5[g/g]以上であることをいい、「水不溶性」とは、ERT470.2-02で規定するExt(水可溶分)が0~50重量%であることをいう。
本発明における「ポリアクリル酸(塩)」とは、任意にグラフト成分を含み、繰り返し単位として、アクリル酸及び/又はその塩(以下、アクリル酸(塩)と称することがある)を主成分とする重合体を意味する。具体的には、重合に用いられる総単量体(内部架橋剤を除く)のうち、アクリル酸(塩)を必須に50~100モル%、好ましくは70~100モル%、更に好ましくは90~100モル%、特に好ましくは実質100モル%含む重合体をいう。又、重合体としてポリアクリル酸塩を用いる場合は、必須に水溶性塩を含み、中和塩の主成分として一価塩が好ましく、アルカリ金属塩又はアンモニウム塩がより好ましく、アルカリ金属塩が更に好ましく、ナトリウム塩が特に好ましい。
「EDANA」は、欧州不織布工業会(European Disposables and Nonwovens Assoiations)の略称であり、「ERT」は、欧州標準(ほぼ世界標準)である吸水性樹脂の測定方法(EDANA Recommended Test Metods)の略称である。尚、本発明においては、特に断りのない限り、ERT原本(公知文献:2002年改定)に準拠して測定を行う。
「CRC」は、Centrifuge Retention Capacity(遠心分離機保持容量)の略称であり、無加圧下吸水倍率(以下、「吸水倍率」と称することもある)を意味する。具体的には、不織布袋中の0.200gの吸水性樹脂を、大過剰の0.9重量%塩化ナトリウム水溶液に対して30分間自由膨潤させた後、更に遠心分離機で水切りした後の吸水倍率(単位;[g/g])である。尚、含水ゲル状架橋重合体のCRC(以下、「ゲルCRC」と称する)は、試料を0.4g、自由膨潤時間を24時間にそれぞれ変更して測定を行った。
「AAP」は、Absorption Against Pressureの略称であり、加圧下吸水倍率を意味する。具体的には、0.900gの吸水性樹脂を、0.9重量%塩化ナトリウム水溶液に対して1時間、2.06kPa(0.3psi、21[g/cm2])での荷重下で膨潤させた後の吸水倍率(単位;[g/g])である。尚、ERT442.2-02では、Absorption Under Pressureと表記されているが、実質的に同一内容である。又、本発明及び実施例では、荷重条件を4.83kPa(0.7psi、49[g/cm2])に変更して測定を行った。
「Ext」は、Extractablesの略称であり、水可溶分(水可溶成分量)を意味する。具体的には、吸水性樹脂1.000gを0.9重量%塩化ナトリウム水溶液200mlに添加し、16時間攪拌した後の溶解ポリマー量(単位;重量%)である。溶解ポリマー量の測定はpH滴定を用いて行う。尚、含水ゲル状架橋重合体の水可溶分(以下、「ゲルExt」と称する)は、試料を5.0g、攪拌時間を24時間にそれぞれ変更して測定を行った。
「PSD」は、Particle Size Distributionの略称であり、篩分級により測定される粒度分布を意味する。尚、重量平均粒子径(D50)及び粒子径分布幅は欧州特許第0349240号明細書7頁25~43行に記載された「(1) Average Particle Diameter and Distribution of Particle Diameter」と同様の方法で測定する。尚、含水ゲル状架橋重合体のPSDの測定方法については後述する。又、粒度測定で使用する標準篩(目開き)は、対象物の粒度によって適宜追加してもよい。例えば、目開きが710μm、600μm等の標準篩を追加すればよい。又、上記欧州特許第0349240号に開示のない測定条件等については、欧州特許第1594556号を適宜参照してもよい。
「Residual Monomers」は、吸水性樹脂中に残存する単量体(モノマー)量(以下、「残存モノマー」と称する)を意味する。具体的には、吸水性樹脂1.0gを0.9重量%塩化ナトリウム水溶液200mlに添加し、35mmのスターラーチップを用いて500rpmで1時間攪拌した後の溶解したモノマー量(単位;ppm)をいう。溶解モノマー量の測定はHPLC(高速液体クロマトグラフィー)を用いて行う。尚、含水ゲル状架橋重合体の残存モノマーは、試料を2g、攪拌時間を3時間にそれぞれ変更して測定を行い、得られた測定値を含水ゲル状架橋重合体の樹脂固形分当りの重量に換算した値(単位;ppm)とする。
「Moisture Content」は、吸水性樹脂の含水率を意味する。具体的には、吸水性樹脂1gを105℃で3時間乾燥した際の乾燥減量から算出した値(単位;重量%)である。尚、本発明では乾燥温度を180℃に変更し、測定は1サンプルに付き5回行い、その平均値を採用した。又、含水ゲル状架橋重合体の含水率は、試料を2g、乾燥温度を180℃、乾燥時間を16時間にそれぞれ変更して測定を行った。更に、{100-含水率(重量%)}で算出される値を、本発明では「樹脂固形分」とし、吸水性樹脂及び含水ゲル状架橋重合体の双方に適用することができる。
「Density」は、吸水性樹脂の嵩比重を意味する。具体的には、吸水性樹脂100gをEDANA規定の装置に投入し、100mL容器に、該吸水性樹脂を自由落下させて充填させた時の、吸水性樹脂の重量(単位;[g/ml])である。
「Flow Rate」は、吸水性樹脂の流下速度を意味する。具体的には、吸水性樹脂100gをEDANA規定の装置に投入した後、該装置最下部の排出口から吸水性樹脂を排出する際、その排出に要した時間(単位;sec)である。
本発明における「通液性」とは、荷重下又は無荷重下での膨潤ゲルの粒子間を通過する液の流れ性のことをいい、代表的な測定方法として、SFC(Saline Flow Conductivity/生理食塩水流れ誘導性)や、GBP(Gel Bed Permeability/ゲル床透過性)がある。
本発明における「FSR」とは、Free Swell Rateの略称であり、吸水速度(自由膨潤速度)を意味する。具体的には、吸水性樹脂1gが0.9重量%塩化ナトリウム水溶液20gを吸水する際の速度(単位;[g/g/s])である。
本発明における「ゲル粉砕」とは、重合工程(好ましくは水溶液重合、無攪拌水溶液重合(静置水溶液重合)、特に好ましくはベルト重合)で得られた含水ゲル状架橋重合体の乾燥を容易にすることを目的に、せん断、圧縮力を加えて大きさを小さくし表面積を高くする操作のことをいう。具体的には、重合工程で得られた含水ゲル状架橋重合体をゲル粉砕して、その重量平均粒子径(D50)を300~3000μm、より好ましくは当該重量平均粒子径(D50)を350~2000μm、粒度分布の対数標準偏差(σζ)を0.2~1.0となるように、含水ゲル状架橋重合体をゲル粉砕することをいう。
本発明における「水可溶分の重量平均分子量」とは、吸水性樹脂を水溶媒に添加した際に溶解する成分(水可溶分)の重量平均分子量について、GPC(ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー)で測定した値(単位;daltons/以下、[Da]と略記する。)をいう。即ち、上記(1-3)(c)「Ext」に記載した測定方法で得た溶液をGPC測定した結果である。尚、含水ゲル状架橋重合体の水可溶分の重量平均分子量は、粒子径を5mm以下、更には1~3mmに細粒化した試料を5.0g、攪拌時間を24時間にそれぞれ変更して測定を行った。
本発明における「ゲル粉砕エネルギー」とは、含水ゲル状架橋重合体をゲル粉砕する際、ゲル粉砕装置が必要とする単位重量(含水ゲル状架橋重合体の単位重量)あたりの機械的エネルギーをいい、ジャケットを加熱冷却するエネルギーや投入する水・スチームのエネルギーは含まれない。尚、「ゲル粉砕エネルギー」は、英語表記の「Gel Grinding Energy」から「GGE」と略称する。GGEは、ゲル粉砕装置が三相交流電力で駆動する場合、以下の式(1)によって算出される。
本明細書において、範囲を示す「X~Y」は、「X以上Y以下」を意味する。又、重量の単位である「t(トン)」は、「Metric ton(メトリック トン)」を意味し、更に、特に注釈のない限り、「ppm」は「重量ppm」を意味する。又、「重量」と「質量」、「重量%」と「質量%」、「重量部」と「質量部」は同義語として扱う。更に、「~酸(塩)」は「~酸及び/又はその塩」を意味し、「(メタ)アクリル」は「アクリル及び/又はメタクリル」を意味する。
(2-1)重合工程
本工程は、アクリル酸(塩)を主成分とする水溶液を重合して、含水ゲル状架橋重合体(以下、「含水ゲル」と称することがある)を得る工程である。
本発明で得られる吸水性樹脂粉末は、その原料(単量体)として、アクリル酸(塩)を主成分として含む単量体を使用し、通常、水溶液状態で重合される。単量体水溶液中の単量体(モノマー)濃度としては、10~80重量%が好ましく、20~80重量%がより好ましく、30~70重量%が更に好ましく、40~60重量%が特に好ましい。
本発明において、得られる吸水性樹脂粉末の吸水性能の観点から、架橋剤(以下「内部架橋剤」と称することもある)を使用することが好ましい。該内部架橋剤としては特に限定されないが、例えば、アクリル酸との重合性架橋剤、カルボキシル基との反応性架橋剤、又はこれらを併せ持った架橋剤等が挙げられる。
本発明において使用される重合開始剤は、重合形態によって適宜選択され、特に限定されないが、例えば、光分解型重合開始剤、熱分解型重合開始剤、レドックス系重合開始剤等が挙げられる。
本発明に係る吸水性樹脂粉末の製造方法において、その重合方法は、噴霧液滴重合や逆相懸濁重合で粒子状含水ゲルを得てもよいが、得られる吸水性樹脂粉末の通液性(SFC)及び吸水速度(FSR)並びに重合制御の容易性等の観点から、水溶液重合が採用され、当該水溶液重合はタンク式(サイロ式)の無攪拌重合でもよいが、好ましくはニーダー重合又はベルト重合、より好ましくは連続水溶液重合、更に好ましくは高濃度連続水溶液重合、特に好ましくは高濃度・高温開始連続水溶液重合が採用される。尚、攪拌重合とは、含水ゲル(特に重合率10モル%以上、更には50モル%以上の含水ゲル)を攪拌、特に攪拌及び細分化してながら重合することを意味する。又、無攪拌重合の前後において、単量体水溶液(重合率が0~10モル%未満)を適宜攪拌してもよい。
本工程は、上述した重合中又は重合後の含水ゲル状架橋重合体を細分化して、粒子状の含水ゲル状架橋重合体(以下、「粒子状含水ゲル」と称することもある)を得る工程である。尚、下記(2-4)粉砕工程・分級工程での「粉砕」と区別して、本工程は「ゲル粉砕」という。
本発明の吸水性樹脂粉末の製造方法(第1の製造方法)ではゲル粉砕エネルギー(GGE)が一定範囲に制御される。当該製造方法では、ゲル温度、樹脂固形分、ゲルCRC、ゲルExt及び水可溶分の重量平均分子量の何れか1つ以上の物性を、以下の範囲に制御した含水ゲル状架橋重合体(ポリアクリル酸(塩)架橋重合体)をゲル粉砕することが好ましい。
ゲル粉砕前の含水ゲルの温度(ゲル温度)は、粒度制御や物性の観点から、40~120℃が好ましく、60℃~120℃がより好ましく、60~110℃がさらに好ましく、65℃から110℃が特に好ましい。上記ゲル温度が40℃未満の場合、含水ゲルの特性上、硬度が増すため、ゲル粉砕時に粒子形状や粒度分布の制御が困難になる虞がある。又、上記ゲル温度が120℃を超える場合、逆に含水ゲルの軟度が増し、粒子形状や粒度分布の制御が困難になる虞がある。かようなゲル温度は、重合温度や重合後の加熱、保温又は冷却等で適宜制御することができる。
ゲル粉砕前の含水ゲルの樹脂固形分は、物性の観点から、10~80重量%であり、好ましくは30~80重量%、より好ましくは40~80重量%、更に好ましくは45~60重量%であり、特に好ましくは50~60重量%である。上記樹脂固形分が10重量%未満の場合、含水ゲルの軟度が増し、逆に上記樹脂固形分が80重量%を超える場合、含水ゲルの硬度が増すため、粒子形状や粒度分布の制御が困難になる虞があるため、好ましくない。かような含水ゲルの樹脂固形分は、重合濃度や重合中の水分蒸発、重合工程への吸水性樹脂微粉の添加(微粉リサイクル工程)、必要により重合後の水添加や部分乾燥等で適宜制御することができる。
ゲル粉砕前の含水ゲルのCRC(ゲルCRC)は、10~35[g/g]が好ましく、10~32[g/g]がより好ましく、10~30[g/g]がさらに好ましく、15~30[g/g]が特に好ましい。上記ゲルCRCが10[g/g]未満又は35[g/g]を超える場合、ゲル粉砕時の粒子形状や粒度分布の制御が困難になるため、好ましくない。かようなゲルCRCは、重合時の架橋剤添加量、その他重合濃度等で適宜制御することができる。尚、高CRCを有する吸水性樹脂が好ましいことは周知の事実であるが、本発明において上記ゲルCRCが35[g/g]を超える場合、粒子形状や粒度分布の制御が困難であることが見出された。
ゲル粉砕前の含水ゲルの水可溶分(ゲルExt)は、0.1~10重量%が好ましく、0.5~8重量%がより好ましく、1~5重量%が更に好ましい。上記ゲルExtが10重量%を超える場合、ゲル粉砕によるせん断によって増加する水可溶分の重量平均分子量が過剰になり、所望する通液性が得られない虞がある。当該ゲルExtは小さい方が好ましいが、上記(c)ゲルCRCとのバランスや、ゲルExt低減に必要な製造コスト、生産性の低下等の観点から下限値は上記範囲である。
ゲル粉砕前の含水ゲルにおける水可溶分の重量平均分子量は、50,000~450,000[Da]が好ましく、100,000~430,000[Da]がより好ましく、150,000~400,000[Da]が更に好ましい。
本工程で使用されるゲル粉砕装置としては、特に限定されず、バッチ型又は連続型の双腕型ニーダー等、複数の回転撹拌翼を備えたゲル粉砕機や、1軸押出機、2軸押出機、ミートチョッパー、特にスクリュー型押出機等が挙げられる。
上記ゲル粉砕機の円筒状胴体(ケーシング)部分の出口に備え付けられた多孔板に関して、その厚みや孔径、開孔率は、ゲル粉砕機の単位時間当りの処理量や含水ゲルの性状等によって適宜選択でき、特に限定されないが、多孔板の厚みは3.5~40mmが好ましく、6~20mmがより好ましい。又、多孔板の孔径については、3.2~24mmが好ましく、7.5~24mmがより好ましい。更に、多孔板の開孔率は、20~80%が好ましく、30~55%がより好ましい。尚、孔径(mm)が異なる複数の多孔板を使用する場合は、各多孔板の孔径の単純平均値をそのゲル粉砕機における多孔板の孔径とする。又、当該孔の形状は円形が好ましいが、円形以外の形状(例えば、四角形、楕円形、スリット形等)の場合、その開孔面積を円に換算して孔径(mm)とする。
本発明に係る吸水性樹脂粉末の製造方法では、ゲル粉砕エネルギー(GGE/Gel Grinding Energey)が一定範囲に制御される。ここで、GGEの制御方法としては、例えば、上記の手法で行え、ゲル粉砕前の含水ゲルの物性、特に樹脂固形分10~80重量%(更には上記(b))に加えて、ゲル温度、ゲルCRC、ゲルExt及び水可溶分の重量平均分子量の何れか1つ以上の物性を上記範囲に制御した含水ゲル(ポリアクリル酸(塩)系架橋重合体)をゲル粉砕することが好ましい。かようなゲル粉砕によって、本発明の第1~3の製造方法におけるGGEやGGE(2)、水可溶分の重量平均分子量の増加幅に加えて、同時又は別途に行われる、本発明の第4の製造方法によって後述する粒度を有する粒子状含水ゲルが得られる。
本発明において上記ゲル粉砕は、重合中又は重合後に行われ、より好ましくは重合後の含水ゲルに対して行われるが、ニーダー重合等、重合中にゲル粉砕を行う形態の場合、単量体水溶液が「十分にゲル化」した状態をもって、ゲル粉砕工程とする。
本発明のゲル粉砕工程で使用されるゲル粉砕装置が、スクリュー押出機である場合、そのスクリュー押出機のスクリュー軸回転数は、その円筒状胴体(ケーシング)部の内径によって回転羽根の外周速度が変わるため、一概に規定できないが、軸回転数は90~500rpmが好ましく、100~400pmがより好ましく、120~200rpmが更に好ましい。上記軸回転数が90rpm未満の場合、ゲル粉砕に必要なせん断・圧縮力が得られず、又、上記軸回転数が500rpmを超える場合、含水ゲルに与えるせん断・圧縮力が過剰となり、物性低下を招いたり、ゲル粉砕機にかかる負荷が大きくなり破損したりする虞があるため、好ましくない。又、この時の回転羽根の外周速度は0.5~5[m/s]が好ましく、0.5~4[m/s]がより好ましい。又、本発明におけるゲル粉砕装置の温度は、含水ゲルの付着等を防ぐために、好ましくは40~120℃、より好ましくは60~100℃に加熱又は保温される。
本発明のゲル粉砕工程において、含水ゲルに水を添加してゲル粉砕することもできる。尚、本発明において、「水」は固体、液体、気体の何れかの形態を含むものとする。
上述したように、含水ゲルに水を添加してゲル粉砕することが好ましいが、水以外に他の添加剤や中和剤等を含水ゲルに添加・混練してゲル粉砕することもでき、こうして得られた吸水性樹脂を改質してもよい。具体的には、ゲル粉砕時に、上記(2-1)で述べた塩基性物質を含む水溶液(例えば、10~50重量%の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液)を添加して中和(特に前述した中和率の範囲内)してもよいし、吸水性樹脂微粉(0.1~30重量%(対樹脂固形分))を添加して微粉リサイクルを行ってもよい。更に、重合開始剤や還元剤、キレート剤を0.001~3重量%(対樹脂固形分)、ゲル粉砕時に添加・混合して、残存モノマーの低減や着色改善、耐久性を付与してもよい。
本発明の吸水性樹脂粉末の製造方法(第3の製造方法)は、含水ゲルのゲル粉砕の際、ゲル粉砕エネルギー(GGE)を18~60[J/g]とする製造方法を達成手段のひとつとして、含水ゲルの水可溶分の重量平均分子量を10,000~500,000[Da]に増加させてなる。
上記重合工程で得られた含水ゲル状架橋重合体(含水ゲル)は、上述した本発明のゲル粉砕が適用されるゲル粉砕機(ニーダー、ミートチョパー、スクリュー型押出機等)を用いて粉砕され粒子状にされる。尚、ゲル粒子径は分級や調合等によって制御することができるが、好ましくは本発明のゲル粉砕によってゲル粒子径が制御される。
本発明において、ゲル粉砕後における粒子状含水ゲルのゲルCRCは10~35[g/g]が好ましく、10~32[g/g]がより好ましく、15~30[g/g]が更に好ましい。尚、ゲル粉砕後のゲルCRCは、ゲル粉砕前のゲルCRCに対して-1~+3[g/g]とされることが好ましく、0.1~2[g/g]がより好ましく、0.3~1.5[g/g]が更に好ましい。尚、ゲル粉砕時に架橋剤の使用等によってゲルCRCを減少させてもよいが、上記範囲でゲルCRCを上昇させることが好ましい。
本発明において、ゲル粉砕後における粒子状含水ゲルのゲルExtは、0.1~20重量%が好ましく、0.1~10重量%がより好ましく、0.1~8重量%がさらに好ましく、0.1~5重量%が特に好ましい。又、ゲル粉砕後の粒子状含水ゲルのゲルExt増加量(ゲル粉砕前のゲルExtに対する増加量)は、5重量%以下が好ましく、4重量%以下がより好ましく、3重量%以下が更に好ましく、2重量%以下が特に好ましく、1重量%以下が最も好ましい。又、下限値はマイナス(例えば、-3.0重量%、更には-1.0重量%)でもよいが、通常は0重量%以上、好ましくは0.1重量%以上、より好ましくは0.2重量%以上、更に好ましくは0.3重量%以上である。具体的には、好ましくは0~5.0重量%、より好ましくは0.1~3.0重量%等、上述した上限値と下限値の任意の範囲内となるように、ゲルExtを増加するまでゲル粉砕すればよい。尚、ゲル粉砕時に架橋剤の使用等によってゲルExtを減少させてもよいが、上記範囲でゲルExtを上昇させることが好ましい。ここで、ゲルExt増加量の有効数字は小数点以下1桁であるが、例えば、5重量%と5.0重量%は同義語として扱う。
本発明において、ゲル粉砕による、含水ゲルの、水可溶分の重量平均分子量の増加量として、下限値は10,000[Da]以上が好ましく、20,000[Da]以上がより好ましく、30,000[Da]以上がさらに好ましい。また、上限値は、500,000[Da]以下が好ましく、400,000[Da]以下がより好ましく、250,000[Da]以下がさらに好ましく、100,000[Da]以下が特に好ましい。例えば本発明において、ゲル粉砕前の含水ゲルに対する、ゲル粉砕後の粒子状含水ゲルの、水可溶分の重量平均分子量の増加量は、10,000~500,000[Da]であり、好ましくは20,000~400,000[Da]、より好ましくは30,000~250,000[Da]、更に好ましくは100,000[Da]以下である。
本発明において、ゲル粉砕後の粒子状含水ゲルの樹脂固形分は、物性の観点から、10~80重量%が好ましく、30~80重量%がより好ましく、50~80重量%、45~85重量%、又は45~70重量%が更に好ましく、50~60重量%又は45~60重量%が特に好ましい。ゲル粉砕後の粒子状含水ゲルの樹脂固形分を上記範囲とすることで、乾燥によるCRCの上昇が制御しやすく、又、乾燥によるダメージ(水可溶分の増加等)が少ないため、好ましい。尚、ゲル粉砕後の樹脂固形分は、ゲル粉砕前の樹脂固形分や必要により添加する水、更にはゲル粉砕時の加熱による水分蒸発等によって、適宜制御することができる。
上記ゲル粉砕前の含水ゲル或いはゲル粉砕後の粒子状含水ゲルの物性を評価するには、製造装置から必要量及び頻度でサンプリング及び測定を行う必要がある。本発明では、ゲル粉砕前の含水ゲルの、水可溶分の重量平均分子量を基準にして評価を行うが、この値が十分に平均化された数値となるようにする必要がある。そこで、例えば、連続ニーダーやミートチョッパー等による連続式のゲル粉砕で吸水性樹脂粉末の生産量が1~20[t/hr]又は1~10[t/hr]の場合、含水ゲル100kg毎に2点以上、合計で少なくとも10点以上のサンプリング及び測定を行えばよく、又、バッチ式のゲル粉砕(例えば、バッチ式ニーダー)の場合、バッチサンプルから少なくとも10点以上のサンプリング及び測定を行い、粒子状含水ゲルの物性を評価すればよい。
本工程は、上記ゲル粉砕工程で得られた粒子状含水ゲルを乾燥し、乾燥重合体を得る工程であり、以下、本発明で好ましく適用される乾燥方法について説明する。下記乾燥方法は、本発明の第1~4の製造方法に適用することができ、特に第4の製造方法では特定の乾燥温度と熱風の風速が使用されるが、かかる乾燥温度と熱風の風速は第1~3の製造方法にも好ましく適用され、吸水速度の向上に寄与できる。
本発明の乾燥工程(好ましくは、上記通気ベルト型乾燥機)での乾燥温度は、100~300℃であり、好ましくは150~250℃、より好ましくは160~220℃、更に好ましくは170~200℃である。該乾燥温度を100~300℃とすることで、乾燥時間の短縮と得られる乾燥重合体の着色低減の両立が可能となる。更に、得られる吸水性樹脂粉末の通液性や吸水速度が向上する傾向が見られた。尚、乾燥温度が300℃を超えると、高分子鎖がダメージを受け、物性が低下する虞がある。又、乾燥温度が100℃未満では、吸水速度に変化はなく、未乾燥物が生成し、後の粉砕工程時に詰まりが生じた。
本発明の乾燥工程(好ましくは、上記通気ベルト型乾燥機)での乾燥時間は、粒子状含水ゲルの表面積及び乾燥機の種類等に依存し、目的とする含水率となるように適宜設定すればよいが、好ましくは1分~10時間、より好ましくは5分~2時間、更に好ましくは10~120分間、特に好ましくは20~60分間である。
本発明の乾燥工程において、本発明の課題をより解決するために、上記通気乾燥機、特にベルト型乾燥機での熱風の風速は、垂直方向(上下方向)に、0.8~2.5[m/s]であり、1.0~2.0[m/s]が好ましい。上記風速を上記範囲とすることで、得られる乾燥重合体の含水率を所望の範囲に制御できるだけでなく、吸水速度が向上する。上記風速が0.8[m/s]未満の場合、乾燥時間が遅延し、得られる吸水性樹脂粉末の通液性及び吸水速度が劣っていたことが見いだされた。又、上記風速が2.5[m/s]を超える場合、乾燥期間中に粒子状含水ゲルが舞い上がり安定した乾燥が困難であった。
本発明の乾燥工程において、上記通気ベルト型乾燥機で用いられる熱風は、少なくとも水蒸気を含有し、かつ露点が好ましくは30~100℃、より好ましくは30~80℃であることが好ましい。熱風の露点や更に好ましくはゲル粒径を上記範囲に制御することで残存モノマーを低減することができ、更に、乾燥重合体の嵩比重の低下を防止することができる。尚、上記露点は、粒子状含水ゲルの含水率が少なくとも10重量%以上、好ましくは20重量%以上の時点での値とする。
上記ゲル粉砕工程で得られた粒子状含水ゲルは、本乾燥工程で乾燥され、乾燥重合体とされるが、その乾燥減量(粉末又は粒子1gを180℃で3時間加熱)から求められる樹脂固形分は、好ましくは80重量%を超え、より好ましくは85~99重量%、更に好ましくは90~98重量%、特に好ましくは92~97重量%である。
上記ゲル粉砕工程で得られた粒子状含水ゲルについて、通気ベルト型乾燥機に投入される直前の粒子状含水ゲルの表面温度は、40~110℃が好ましく、60~110℃がより好ましく、60~100℃が更に好ましく、70~100℃が特に好ましい。40℃に満たない場合、乾燥時に風船状乾燥物ができ、粉砕時に微粉が多く発生し、物性低下を招く虞がある。乾燥前の粒子状含水ゲルの表面温度が110℃を超える場合、乾燥後の吸水性樹脂の劣化(例えば、水可溶分の増加等)や着色が生じる虞がある。
本工程は、上記乾燥工程で得られた乾燥重合体を、粉砕・分級して、吸水性樹脂粒子を得る工程である。尚、上記(2-2)ゲル粉砕工程とは、粉砕時の樹脂固形分、特に粉砕対象物が乾燥工程を経ている点(好ましくは、上記樹脂固形分まで乾燥)で異なる。又、粉砕工程後に得られる吸水性樹脂粒子を粉砕物と称することもある。
本発明のゲル粉砕、更に好ましくは特定の温度及び風速での乾燥によって得られる吸水性樹脂粉末は、特定の内部気泡率とすることができる。当該吸水性樹脂粉末の内部気泡率及びその好ましい範囲については〔3〕で後述するが、上記粉砕・分級で得られる吸水性樹脂粒子についても同様に適用される。即ち、表面架橋前の吸水性樹脂粒子は、好ましくは、粒子径が150μm以上850μm未満である粒子の割合が95重量%以上であり、かつ、粒度分布の対数標準偏差(σζ)が0.25~0.50であって、下記式で規定される内部気泡率が0.1~2.5%が好ましく、0.2~2.0%がより好ましく、0.3~1.7%が更に好ましく、0.5~1.5%が特に好ましい。上述した内部気泡率や粒度分布を有する吸水性樹脂粒子を表面架橋、特に加圧下吸水倍率(AAP)が20[g/g]以上となるまで表面架橋を行うことによって、吸水速度(FSR)と通液性(SFC)を両立させた吸水性樹脂粉末を提供することができ、本発明の課題をより解決する。
尚、表面架橋前の吸水性樹脂として、かかる内部気泡率や粒度分布に限定されるものではないが、以下、本発明の表面架橋について説明する。
本発明に係るポリアクリル酸(塩)系吸水性樹脂粉末の製造方法は、吸水性能(圧力に対する吸収性、通液性、吸収速度等)向上のため、好ましくは表面処理工程を更に含む。表面処理工程は、公知の表面架橋剤及び表面架橋方法を用いて行う表面架橋工程を含み、更に必要に応じてその他の添加工程を含む。
本発明で用いることのできる表面架橋剤としては、種々の有機又は無機架橋剤を例示できるが、有機表面架橋剤が好ましく使用できる。物性面で好ましくは、表面架橋剤として、多価アルコール化合物、エポキシ化合物、多価アミン化合物又はそのハロエポキシ化合物との縮合物、オキサゾリン化合物、(モノ、ジ、又はポリ)オキサゾリジノン化合物、アルキレンカーボネート化合物であり、特に高温での反応が必要な、多価アルコール化合物、アルキレンカーボネート化合物、オキサゾリジノン化合物からなる脱水反応性架橋剤が使用できる。脱水反応性架橋剤を使用しない場合、より具体的には、米国特許第6228930号、同第6071976号、同第6254990号等に例示されている化合物を挙げることが出来る。例えば、モノ,ジ,トリ,テトラ又はプロピレングリコール、1,3-プロパンジオール、グリセリン、1,4-ブタンジオール、1,3-ブタンジオール、1,5-ペンタンジオール、1,6-ヘキサンジオール、ソルビトール等の多価アルコール化合物;エチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテルやグリシドール等のエポキシ化合物;エチレンカボネート等のアルキレンカーボネート化合物;オキセタン化合物;2-イミダゾリジノンのような環状尿素化合物等が挙げられる。
表面架橋剤の使用量は、吸水性樹脂粒子100重量部に対して、好ましくは0.001~10重量部、より好ましくは0.01~5重量部程度で適宜決定される。表面架橋剤に合わせて、水が好ましく使用される。使用される水の量は、吸水性樹脂粒子100重量部に対して、好ましくは0.5~20重量部、より好ましくは0.5~10重量部の範囲である。無機表面架橋剤と有機表面架橋剤とを併用する場合も、吸水性樹脂粒子100重量部に対して、それぞれ、好ましくは0.001~10重量部、より好ましくは0.01~5重量で併用される。
上記表面架橋剤溶液を吸水性樹脂粒子に混合すると、表面架橋剤溶液中の水等により吸水性樹脂粒子は膨潤する。該膨潤した吸水性樹脂粒子は、加熱により乾燥される。このとき、加熱温度としては80~220℃であることが好ましい。又、加熱時間は10~120分であることが好ましい。
本発明で用いられる表面架橋方法として、上記の表面架橋剤を用いる表面架橋に代わって、ラジカル重合開始剤を用いる表面架橋方法(米国特許第4783510号、国際公開第2006/062258号)や、吸水性樹脂の表面で単量体を重合する表面架橋方法(米国出願公開第2005/048221号、同第2009/0239966号、国際公開第2009/048160号)を用いてもよい。
本発明では、上述した表面架橋工程と同時又は別途に、多価金属塩、カチオン性ポリマー又は無機微粒子の何れか1つ以上を添加する添加工程を更に含む。即ち、上記有機表面架橋剤以外に無機表面架橋剤を使用又は併用して通液性・吸水速度等を向上させてもよい。上記有機表面架橋剤と同時又は別途使用できる。使用される無機表面架橋剤は2価以上、好ましくは3価若しくは4価値の多価金属の塩(有機塩又は無機塩)又は水酸化物が例示できる。使用できる多価金属としてはアルミニウム、ジルコニウム等が挙げられ、乳酸アルミニウムや硫酸アルミニウムが挙げられる。好ましくは硫酸アルミニウムを含む水溶液である。これら無機表面架橋は有機表面架橋剤と同時又は別途に使用される。多価金属による表面架橋は国際公開第2007/121037号、同第2008/09843号、同第2008/09842号、米国特許第7157141号、同第6605673号、同第6620889号、米国特許出願公開第2005/0288182号、同第2005/0070671号、同第2007/0106013号、同第2006/0073969号に示されている。
本発明のゲル粉砕、更に好ましくは特定の温度及び風速での乾燥によって得られる吸水性樹脂粉末は、特定の内部気泡率とすることができる。かかる吸水性樹脂粉末に限定されるものではないが、本発明において好ましくは、表面架橋後の加圧下吸水倍率(AAP)が20[g/g]以上、更には後述の(3-1)の範囲となるまで、又、表面架橋後の無加圧下吸水倍率(CRC)が後述の(3-3)の範囲となるまで、反応温度や反応時間等を適宜調整する等して表面架橋される。
上記工程以外に、必要により、蒸発モノマーのリサイクル工程、造粒工程、微粉除去工程、微粉リサイクル工程等を設けてもよく、経時色調の安定性効果やゲル劣化防止等のために、上記各工程の何れか一部又は全部に、以下の添加剤を必要により使用してもよい。即ち、水溶性又は水不溶性のポリマー、滑剤、キレート剤、消臭剤、抗菌剤、水、界面活性剤、水不溶性微粒子、酸化防止剤、還元剤等を、吸水性樹脂に対して、好ましくは0~30重量%、より好ましくは0.01~10重量%を添加混合することができる。これらの添加剤は、表面処理剤として使用することもできる。
上記第1~4の製造方法を言い換えれば、本発明の吸水性樹脂粉末の製造方法は、アクリル酸(塩)系単量体水溶液の重合工程と、重合中又は重合後の含水ゲル状架橋重合体のゲル粉砕工程と、ゲル粉砕後の乾燥工程とを含む、ポリアクリル酸(塩)系吸水性樹脂粉末の製造方法であって、上記ゲル粉砕工程において、樹脂固形分が10~80重量%の含水ゲル状架橋重合体を下記(1)~(4)の少なくとも一つを満たすゲル粉砕、
(1)ゲル粉砕エネルギー(GGE)18~60[J/g]でゲル粉砕、
(2)ゲル粉砕エネルギー(2)(GGE(2))9~40[J/g]でゲル粉砕、
(3)含水ゲル状架橋重合体の水可溶分の重量平均分子量を10,000~500,000[Da]増加、
(4)得られる粒子状の含水ゲル状架橋重合体の重量平均粒子径(D50)が350~2000μm、かつ、粒度分布の対数標準偏差(σζ)が0.2~1.0となるまでゲル粉砕、を行った後に、乾燥機での乾燥温度が150~250℃で乾燥し、更に表面処理を行うことを特徴とする。
(新規な吸水性樹脂)
本発明に係る上記製造方法(第1~4の製造方法)を好適な製造方法の一例として、得られたポリアクリル酸(塩)系吸水性樹脂は、粒子径が150μm以上850μm未満である粒子の割合が95重量%以上であり、かつ、粒度分布の対数標準偏差(σζ)が0.25~0.50であって、加圧下吸水倍率(AAP)が20[g/g]以上、吸水速度(FSR)が0.30[g/g/s]以上で、かつ、下記式で規定される内部気泡率が0.1~2.5%である。
本発明における「真密度」とは、十分に乾燥(含水率が好ましくは1重量%未満、より好ましくは0.5重量%未満、特に好ましくは0.1重量%未満)されたポリアクリル酸(塩)系吸水性樹脂について、化学組成(高分子の繰り返し単位や、架橋剤等の微量原料、任意に使用されるグラフト成分等)によって一義的に決定される密度(単位;[g/cm3])を意味する。従って、ポリアクリル酸(塩)系吸水性樹脂は、その中和率や塩の種類(例えば、中和率75モル%のポリアクリル酸ナトリウム等)、微量原料によって若干の差は見られるが、ほぼ一定の値を示す。
本発明の製造方法で得られる吸水性樹脂は、下記の物性を更に満たすことが好ましい。ポリアクリル酸(塩)系吸水性樹脂を主成分とし、衛生材料、特に紙オムツへの使用を目的とする場合、上述した重合方法や表面架橋方法等によって、下記(3-1)~(3-8)に挙げられた各物性のうち、少なくとも1以上の物性を制御することが好ましく、更にはAAPを含めた2以上、特に3以上の物性を制御することが好ましい。吸水性樹脂が下記の各物性を満たさない場合、吸水性樹脂濃度が40重量%以上の高濃度オムツでは十分な性能を発揮しない虞がある。
本発明で得られる吸水性樹脂のAAP(加圧下吸水倍率)は、紙オムツでのモレを防止するため、上記重合を達成手段の一例として、4.8kPaの加圧下におけるAAPとして、20[g/g]以上が好ましく、22[g/g]以上がより好ましく、24[g/g]以上が更に好ましい。AAPの上限値は、特に限定されないが、他の物性とのバランスから、35[g/g]以下が好ましく、30[g/g]以下がより好ましく、28[g/g]以下が更に好ましい。尚、当該AAPは、粒度制御後の表面架橋によって向上させることができ、上記範囲となるまで表面架橋を行うことによって、本発明の新規な吸水性樹脂が得られると共に、吸水速度(FSR)を維持した状態で通液性(SFC)を向上させることができる。
本発明で得られる吸水性樹脂のSFC(生理食塩水流れ誘導性)は、紙オムツでのモレを防止するため、上記製法、特に本発明のゲル粉砕後、好ましくは上記粒度制御の後、表面架橋によって向上させることができ、上述したAAPの範囲となるまでの表面架橋を達成手段の一例として、加圧下での液の通液特性である0.69%塩化ナトリウム水溶液流れ誘導性(SFC)として、1[×10-7・cm3・s・g-1]以上が好ましく、20[×10-7・cm3・s・g-1]以上がより好ましく、50[×10-7・cm3・s・g-1]以上が更に好ましく、70[×10-7・cm3・s・g-1]以上が特に好ましく、100[×10-7・cm3・s・g-1]以上が最も好ましい。SFCは周知の測定法であり、例えば、米国特許第5562646号で規定できる。本発明では通液性の向上、中でもSFC向上、特に上記範囲のSFCへ、特にSFC20[×10-7・cm3・s・g-1]以上へのより顕著に効果を発揮するため、かかる高通液性の吸水性樹脂の製法に好適に適用できる。
本発明で得られる吸水性樹脂のCRC(無加圧下吸水倍率)は、10[g/g]以上が好ましく、20[g/g]以上がより好ましく、25[g/g]以上が更に好ましく、30[g/g]以上が特に好ましい。CRCの上限値は、特に限定されないが、他の物性のバランスから、50[g/g]以下が好ましく、45[g/g]以下がより好ましく、40[g/g]以下が更に好ましい。当該CRCは、重合時の架橋剤量及びその後の表面架橋(2次架橋)によって適宜制御できる。
本発明で得られる吸水性樹脂のExt(水可溶分)は、液溶出分の影響で紙オムツでの使用時のべとつき等を防ぐため、35重量%以下が好ましく、25重量%以下がより好ましく、15重量%以下が更に好ましく、10重量%以下が特に好ましい。当該Extは、重合時の架橋剤量及びその後のゲル粉砕での水可溶分量増加によって適宜制御できる。
本発明で得られる吸水性樹脂のResidual Monomers(残存モノマー)は、安全性の観点から、上記重合を達成手段の一例として、通常、500ppm以下、好ましくは0~400ppm、より好ましくは0~300ppm、特に好ましくは0~200ppmに制御される。当該残存モノマーは、重合時の重合開始剤及びその後の乾燥条件等によって適宜制御できる。
本発明で得られる吸水性樹脂のFSR(吸水速度)は、紙オムツでのモレを防止するため、上記重合を達成手段の一例として、通常0.2[g/g/s]以上であり、0.25[g/g/s]以上が好ましく、0.30[g/g/s]以上がより好ましく、0.35[g/g/s]以上が更に好ましく、0.40[g/g/s]以上が特に好ましく、0.45[g/g/s]以上が最も好ましい。又、FSRの上限値としては、1.00[g/g/s]以下である。FSRの測定法は、国際公開第2009/016055号で規定できる。当該FSRは、本発明の第1~4の製造方法及び乾燥後の上記粒度制御で調整することができる。
本発明で得られる吸水性樹脂の、実施例の測定法で規定されるダメージ前後の微粉増加量(150μm通過物の増加量)は、0~3重量%が好ましく、0~1.5重量%がより好ましい。かような範囲とすることで紙オムツ製造等、実使用に物性低下の問題がない。当該微粉増加量は、本発明の第1~4の製造方法(ゲル粉砕)によって、低く制御される。
本発明で得られる吸水性樹脂の嵩比重(ERT460.2-02で規定)は、0.50~0.80[g/cm3]であることが好ましく、0.60~0.70[g/cm3]がさらに好ましい。嵩比重が上記範囲を満たさない場合、物性が低下したり、粉化したりすることがある。当該嵩比重は、本発明の第1~4の製造方法(ゲル粉砕)によって低く制御することができる。
本発明の課題を解決するためには、吸水性樹脂は好ましくは表面架橋されてなり、特にイオン架橋性表面架橋剤(例えば、多価金属)と共有結合性表面架橋剤で併用して架橋されてなる。尚、本発明において、表面架橋された吸水性樹脂を吸水性樹脂粉末と称する場合がある。
本発明に係る製造方法で得られる吸水性樹脂粉末の用途は特に限定されないが、好ましくは紙オムツ、生理用ナプキン、失禁パット等の吸収性物品に使用される。これまで原料由来の臭気や着色等が問題になっていた高濃度オムツ(紙オムツ1枚当りの吸水性樹脂使用量が多い紙オムツ)、特に上記吸収性物品の吸収体上層部に使用した場合に、優れた性能を発揮する。
〔1〕アクリル酸(塩)系単量体水溶液の重合工程と、重合中又は重合後の含水ゲル状架橋重合体のゲル粉砕工程と、ゲル粉砕後の乾燥工程とを含む、ポリアクリル酸(塩)系吸水性樹脂粉末の製造方法であって、
上記ゲル粉砕工程において、樹脂固形分が10~80重量%の含水ゲル状架橋重合体を下記(1)~(4)の少なくとも一つを満たすゲル粉砕、
(1)ゲル粉砕エネルギー(GGE)18~60[J/g]でゲル粉砕、
(2)ゲル粉砕エネルギー(2)(GGE(2))9~40[J/g]でゲル粉砕、
(3)含水ゲル状架橋重合体の水可溶分の重量平均分子量を10,000~500,000[Da]増加、
(4)得られる粒子状の含水ゲル状架橋重合体の重量平均粒子径(D50)が350~2000μm、かつ、粒度分布の対数標準偏差(σζ)が0.2~1.0となるまでゲル粉砕、
を行った後に、乾燥機での乾燥温度が150~250℃で乾燥し、更に表面処理を行うことを特徴とする、ポリアクリル酸(塩)系吸水性樹脂粉末の製造方法。
〔2〕アクリル酸(塩)系単量体水溶液の重合工程と、重合中又は重合後の含水ゲル状架橋重合体のゲル粉砕工程と、ゲル粉砕後の乾燥工程とを含む、ポリアクリル酸(塩)系吸水性樹脂粉末の製造方法であって、
上記ゲル粉砕工程において、樹脂固形分が10~80重量%の含水ゲル状架橋重合体をゲル粉砕エネルギー(GGE)18~60[J/g]でゲル粉砕した後に、乾燥温度が150~250℃で乾燥し、更に表面処理を行うことを特徴とする、ポリアクリル酸(塩)系吸水性樹脂粉末の製造方法。
〔3〕アクリル酸(塩)系単量体水溶液の重合工程と、重合中又は重合後の含水ゲル状架橋重合体のゲル粉砕工程と、ゲル粉砕後の乾燥工程とを含む、ポリアクリル酸(塩)系吸水性樹脂粉末の製造方法であって、
上記ゲル粉砕工程において、樹脂固形分が10~80重量%の含水ゲル状架橋重合体をゲル粉砕エネルギー(2)(GGE(2))9~40[J/g]でゲル粉砕した後に、乾燥温度が150~250℃で乾燥し、更に表面処理を行うことを特徴とする、ポリアクリル酸(塩)系吸水性樹脂粉末の製造方法。
〔4〕アクリル酸(塩)系単量体水溶液の重合工程と、重合中又は重合後の含水ゲル状架橋重合体のゲル粉砕工程と、ゲル粉砕後の乾燥工程とを含む、ポリアクリル酸(塩)系吸水性樹脂粉末の製造方法であって、
上記ゲル粉砕工程において、樹脂固形分が10~80重量%の含水ゲル状架橋重合体をゲル粉砕し、当該含水ゲル状架橋重合体の水可溶分の重量平均分子量を10,000~500,000[Da]増加させた後に、乾燥温度が150~250℃で乾燥し、更に表面処理を行うことを特徴とする、ポリアクリル酸(塩)系吸水性樹脂粉末の製造方法。
〔5〕上記ゲル粉砕工程で得られる、ゲル粉砕後の粒子状含水ゲル状架橋重合体の樹脂固形分が10~80重量%である、〔2〕~〔4〕の何れか1項に記載の製造方法。
〔6〕上記乾燥工程において、使用される乾燥機が通気ベルト型乾燥機であり、熱風の風速が垂直方向に0.8~2.5[m/s]である、〔2〕~〔5〕の何れか1項に記載の製造方法。
〔7〕アクリル酸(塩)系単量体水溶液の重合工程と、重合中又は重合後の含水ゲル状架橋重合体のゲル粉砕工程と、ゲル粉砕後の乾燥工程とを含む、ポリアクリル酸(塩)系吸水性樹脂粉末の製造方法であって、
上記ゲル粉砕工程で得られる粒子状の含水ゲル状架橋重合体の重量平均粒子径(D50)が350~2000μm、かつ、粒度分布の対数標準偏差(σζ)が0.2~1.0であり、
上記乾燥工程において、通気ベルト型乾燥機に投入する際の、粒子状の含水ゲル状重合体の樹脂固形分が10~80重量%であり、上記通気ベルト型乾燥機での乾燥温度が150~250℃、かつ、熱風の風速が垂直方向に0.8~2.5[m/s]であり、
表面処理工程を更に含むことを特徴とする、ポリアクリル酸(塩)系吸水性樹脂粉末の製造方法。
〔8〕上記ゲル粉砕工程において、ゲル粉砕エネルギー(GGE)18~60[J/g]で含水ゲル状架橋重合体をゲル粉砕する、〔4〕~〔7〕の何れか1項に記載の製造方法。
〔9〕上記重合工程がニーダー重合又はベルト重合である、〔1〕~〔8〕の何れか1項に記載の製造方法。
〔10〕上記ゲル粉砕工程において、下記(a)、(b)又は(c)をゲル粉砕する、〔1〕~〔9〕の何れか1項に記載の製造方法。
(a)ゲルCRCが10~35[g/g]である含水ゲル状架橋重合体
(b)ゲルExtが0.1~10重量%である含水ゲル状架橋重合体
(c)ゲルCRCが10~35[g/g]、かつ、ゲルExtが0.1~10重量%である含水ゲル状架橋重合体
〔11〕上記ゲル粉砕工程において、樹脂固形分が40~80重量%の含水ゲル状架橋重合体をゲル粉砕する、〔1〕~〔10〕の何れか1項に記載の製造方法。
〔12〕上記ゲル粉砕工程において、下記(d)、(e)又は(f)をゲル粉砕する、〔1〕~〔11〕の何れか1項に記載の製造方法。
(d)モノマーの重合率が90モル%以上である含水ゲル状架橋重合体
(e)中和率が45~90モル%である含水ゲル状架橋重合体
(f)モノマーの重合率が90モル%以上、かつ、中和率が45~90モル%である含水ゲル状架橋重合体
〔13〕上記ゲル粉砕工程において、ゲル温度が40~120℃の含水ゲル状架橋重合体をゲル粉砕する、〔1〕~〔12〕の何れか1項に記載の製造方法。
〔14〕上記ゲル粉砕工程において、ケーシングの一方の端部に多孔板が設置されたスクリュー型押出機を使用する、〔1〕~〔13〕の何れか1項に記載の製造方法。
〔15〕上記ゲル粉砕工程において、含水ゲル状架橋重合体のゲルExtの増加量が5重量%以下である、〔1〕~〔14〕の何れか1項に記載の製造方法。
〔16〕上記ゲル粉砕工程において、含水ゲル状架橋重合体100重量部に対して、水を0~4重量部添加する、〔1〕~〔15〕の何れか1項に記載の製造方法。
〔17〕上記ゲル粉砕工程で得られる粒子状の含水ゲル状架橋重合体は、下記(g)、(h)及び(i)の何れか1つ以上の物性を満たす、〔1〕~〔16〕の何れか1項に記載の製造方法。
(g)ゲルExtが0.1~10重量%
(h)ゲルCRCが10~35[g/g]
(i)樹脂固形分が10~80重量%
〔18〕上記乾燥工程において、通気ベルト型乾燥機に投入する際の、粒子状の含水ゲル状架橋重合体の温度が60~110℃である、〔1〕~〔17〕の何れか1項に記載の製造方法。
〔19〕分級工程を更に含み、
分級後の吸水性樹脂粒子の重量平均粒子径(D50)が250~500μmであり、かつ、粒度分布の対数標準偏差(σζ)が0.25~0.50である、〔1〕~〔18〕の何れか1項に記載の製造方法。
〔20〕上記表面処理は、表面架橋工程と同時又は別途に、多価金属塩、カチオン性ポリマー又は無機微粒子の何れか1つ以上を添加する添加工程を更に含む、〔1〕~〔19〕の何れか1項に記載の製造方法。
〔21〕粒子径が150μm以上850μm未満である粒子の割合が95重量%以上であり、かつ、粒度分布の対数標準偏差(σζ)が0.25~0.50であるポリアクリル酸(塩)系吸水性樹脂であって、
加圧下吸水倍率(AAP)が20[g/g]以上、吸水速度(FSR)が0.30[g/g/s]以上で、かつ、下記式で規定される内部気泡率が0.1~2.5%であることを特徴とする、ポリアクリル酸(塩)系吸水性樹脂。
〔22〕多価金属塩、カチオン性ポリマー又は無機微粒子の何れか1つ以上を更に含む、〔21〕に記載の吸水性樹脂。
以下、実施例に従って発明を説明するが、本発明は実施例に限定され解釈されるものではない。又、本発明の特許請求の範囲や実施例に記載の諸物性は、特に記載のない限り、室温(20~25℃)、湿度50RH%の条件下で、EDANA法及び以下の測定法に従って求めた。更に、実施例及び比較例に提示される電気機器は、200V又は100V、60Hzの電源を使用した。尚、便宜上「リットル」を「L」、「重量%」を「wt%」と記することがある。
CRC(無加圧下吸水倍率)の測定はERT441.2-02に準じて行った。即ち、吸水性樹脂0.200gを秤量し、不職布製の袋(60×60mm)に均一に入れヒートシールした後、25±3℃に調温した0.9重量%塩化ナトリウム水溶液1000mL中に浸漬した。30分経過後、袋を引き上げ、遠心分離機(株式会社コクサン社製遠心機、形式;H-122)を用いて、250G、3分間の条件で水切りを行った。その後、袋の重量W1[g]を測定した。同様の操作を、吸水性樹脂を入れずに行い、そのときの袋の重量W2[g]を測定した。次式(4)にしたがってCRC(無加圧下吸水倍率)を算出した。
msi;測定前の含水ゲルの重量[g]
mb;自由膨潤して水切り後のBlank(不織布のみ)の重量[g]
mwi;自由膨潤して水切り後の含水ゲルの重量[g]
Wn;含水ゲルの固形分[重量%]
である。
Ext(水可溶分)の測定はERT470.2-02に準じて行った。即ち、容量250mLの蓋付きプラスチック容器に、吸水性樹脂1.000gと0.90重量%塩化ナトリウム水溶液200mlとを入れ、長さ3.5cm×直径6mmの円筒型スターラーで400rpm、16時間攪拌を行い、吸水性樹脂中の水可溶分を抽出した。この抽出液を濾紙(ADVANTEC東洋株式会社、品名:JIS P 3801、No.2、厚さ0.26mm、保留粒子径5μm)1枚を用いて濾過し、得られた濾液50.0gを測定液とした。
VHCl.s;溶解したポリマーを含む濾液をpH10からpH2.7にするのに必要なHCl量[ml]
VHCl.b;Blank(0.9重量%塩化ナトリウム水溶液)をpH10からpH2.7にするのに必要なHCl量[ml]
CHCl;HCl溶液の濃度[mol/l]
Mw;アクリル酸(塩)ポリマー中のモノマーユニットの平均分子量[g/mol]
(例えば、中和率73モル%の場合のMwは、88.1[g/mol])
Fdil;溶解したポリマーを含む濾液の希釈度
ms;測定前の含水ゲルの重量[g]
Wn;含水ゲルの固形分[重量%]
である。
水可溶分の重量平均分子量は、上述したExt及びゲルExtの測定操作で溶解したポリマーの重量平均分子量をGPCで測定した値であり、以下、該GPC測定について説明する。
ガードカラム:SHODEX GF-7B
カラム:TOSOH GMPWXL を2本直列につないで使用
検出器:ビスコテック社製TDA302(系内温度は30℃で保持)
溶媒:リン酸2水素ナトリウム2水和物60mM・リン酸水素2ナトリウム12水和物20mM水溶液
流速:0.5ml/min
注入量 :100μl
装置校正はポリオキシエチレングリコール(重量平均分子量(Mw)22396、示差屈折率(dn/dc)=0.132、溶媒屈折率1.33)を標準サンプルとして用いて行った。
吸水性樹脂の重量平均粒子径(D50)及び粒度分布の対数標準偏差(σζ)の測定は欧州特許第0349240号に記載された測定方法に準じて行った。一方、含水ゲルの重量平均粒子径(D50)及び粒度分布の対数標準偏差(σζ)は以下の方法で測定した。
X;分級、水切り後に各篩上に残留した含水ゲルの重量% [%]
w;分級、水切り後に各篩上に残留した含水ゲルのそれぞれの重量 [g]
W;分級、水切り後に各篩上に残留した含水ゲルの総重量 [g]
R(α);固形分α重量%の含水ゲルに換算したときの篩の目開き [mm]
r;20重量%塩化ナトリウム水溶液中で膨潤した含水ゲルが分級された篩の目開き [mm]
である。
吸水性樹脂の水分を除去した後、樹脂内部に存在する気泡(内部気泡)を考慮した見かけ密度を乾式密度計で測定(所定重量の吸水性樹脂についてその体積を乾式測定)した。
吸水性樹脂内部に存在する内部気泡(独立気泡)の径は通常1~300μmであるが、粉砕時には、独立気泡に近い部分から優先的に粉砕される。そこで、粒子径が45μm未満となるまで吸水性樹脂を粉砕すると、得られた吸水性樹脂には独立気泡がほとんど含まれない(図3参照)。従って、45μm未満まで粉砕された吸水性樹脂の乾式密度を本発明では真密度として評価した。
上記[見かけ密度]に記載した方法で測定した見かけ密度(これをρ1[g/cm3]とする)、及び上記[真密度]に記載した方法で測定した真密度(これをρ2[g/cm3]とする)を用いて、吸水性樹脂の内部気泡率を下記式(11)に従って算出した。
ポリアクリル酸(塩)系吸水性樹脂粉末の製造装置として、重合工程、ゲル粉砕工程、乾燥工程、粉砕工程、分級工程、表面架橋工程、冷却工程、整粒工程、及び各工程間を連結する輸送工程から構成される連続製造装置を用意した。該連続製造装置の生産能力は約3500[kg/hr]であり、上記工程はそれぞれ1系列又は2系列以上であってもよい。2系列以上の場合、生産能力は各系列の合計量で示す。該連続製造装置を用いて、ポリアクリル酸(塩)系吸水性樹脂粉末を連続的に製造した。
製造例1に引き続いてポリアクリル酸(塩)系吸水性樹脂粉末を連続的に製造した。
製造例1で得られた帯状の含水ゲル(1)について、切断長を200mmとし、温水及び水蒸気の供給をせず、ミートチョッパーのスクリュー軸回転数を115rpmに変更してゲル粉砕した以外は比較例1と同様の操作を行い、粉砕ゲル、即ち粒子状含水ゲル(1)、吸水性樹脂粒子(1)、吸水性樹脂粉末(1)を得た。実施例1において、ゲル粉砕エネルギー(GGE)は27.8[J/g]、ゲル粉砕エネルギー(2)(GGE(2))は15.5[J/g]であった。又、ゲル粉砕時の当該ミートチョッパーの電流値は104.7Aであった。尚、ゲル粉砕前の含水ゲル(1)の温度は90℃であり、ゲル粉砕後の粒子状含水ゲル(1)の温度は85℃に低下していた。更に乾燥機導入時の粒子状含水ゲル(1)の温度は75℃であった。
製造例1で得られた帯状の含水ゲル(1)について、切断長を200mmとし、温水及び水蒸気の供給をせず、ミートチョッパーのスクリュー軸回転数を134rpmに変更してゲル粉砕した以外は比較例1と同様の操作を行い、粒子状含水ゲル(2)、吸水性樹脂粒子(2)、吸水性樹脂粉末(2)を得た。実施例2において、ゲル粉砕エネルギー(GGE)は28.2[J/g]、ゲル粉砕エネルギー(2)(GGE(2))は15.8[J/g]であった。又、ゲル粉砕時の当該ミートチョッパーの電流値は105.6Aであった。尚、ゲル粉砕前の含水ゲル(2)の温度は90℃であり、ゲル粉砕後の粒子状含水ゲル(2)の温度は86℃に低下していた。更に乾燥機導入時の粒子状含水ゲル(2)の温度は76℃であった。
製造例1で得られた帯状の含水ゲル(1)について、切断長を200mmとし、温水及び水蒸気の供給をせず、ミートチョッパーのスクリュー軸回転数を153rpmに変更してゲル粉砕した以外は比較例1と同様の操作を行い、粒子状含水ゲル(3)、吸水性樹脂粒子(3)、吸水性樹脂粉末(3)を得た。実施例3において、ゲル粉砕エネルギー(GGE)は31.9[J/g]、ゲル粉砕エネルギー(2)(GGE(2))は19.2[J/g]であった。又、ゲル粉砕時の当該ミートチョッパーの電流値は115.8Aであった。尚、ゲル粉砕前の含水ゲル(1)の温度は90℃であり、ゲル粉砕後の粒子状含水ゲル(3)の温度は87℃に低下していた。更に乾燥機導入時の粒子状含水ゲル(3)の温度は77℃であった。
製造例1で得られた帯状の含水ゲル(1)について、温水及び水蒸気の供給をせずにゲル粉砕した以外は比較例1と同様の操作を行い、粒子状含水ゲル(4)、吸水性樹脂粒子(4)、吸水性樹脂粉末(4)を得た。実施例4において、ゲル粉砕エネルギー(GGE)は23.5[J/g]、ゲル粉砕エネルギー(2)(GGE(2))は13.2[J/g]であった。又、ゲル粉砕時の当該ミートチョッパーの電流値は106.0Aであった。尚、ゲル粉砕前の含水ゲル(1)の温度は90℃であり、ゲル粉砕後の粒子状含水ゲル(4)の温度は87℃に低下していた。更に乾燥機導入時の粒子状含水ゲル(4)の温度は77℃であった。
比較例1で得られた比較粒子状含水ゲル(1)について、更に別のスクリュー押出機に供給し、再度ゲル粉砕を行った。該スクリュー押出機として、先端部に直径68mm、孔径11mm、厚さ8mmの多孔板が備えられた、スクリュー軸の直径が21.0mmのミートチョッパーを使用した。該ミートチョッパーのスクリュー軸回転数を96rpmとした状態で、比較粒子状含水ゲル(1)を360[g/min]で供給し、粒子状含水ゲル(5)を得た。尚、実施例5では、再ゲル粉砕において温水及び水蒸気の供給はしなかった。又、再ゲル粉砕前の比較粒子状含水ゲル(1)の温度は105℃であり、ゲル粉砕後の粒子状含水ゲル(5)の温度は95℃に低下していた。更に乾燥機導入時の粒子状含水ゲル(5)の温度は85℃であった。実施例5において、ゲル粉砕エネルギー(GGE)は34.3[J/g]、ゲル粉砕エネルギー(2)(GGE(2))は18.3[J/g]であった。
比較例1で得られた比較粒子状含水ゲル(1)について、更に別のスクリュー押出機に供給し、再度ゲル粉砕を行った。該スクリュー押出機として、先端部に直径68mm、孔径7.5mm、厚さ8mmの多孔板が備えられた、スクリュー軸の直径が21.0mmのミートチョッパーを使用した。該ミートチョッパーのスクリュー軸回転数を172rpmとした状態で、比較粒子状含水ゲル(1)を360[g/min]で供給し、粒子状含水ゲル(6)を得た。尚、実施例6では、再ゲル粉砕において温水及び水蒸気の供給はしなかった。又、再ゲル粉砕前の比較粒子状含水ゲル(1)の温度は105℃であり、ゲル粉砕後の粒子状含水ゲル(6)の温度は96℃に低下していた。更に乾燥機導入時の粒子状含水ゲル(6)の温度は86℃であった。実施例6において、ゲル粉砕エネルギー(GGE)は39.8[J/g]、ゲル粉砕エネルギー(2)(GGE(2))は23.8[J/g]であった。
比較例1で得られた比較粒子状含水ゲル(1)について、更に別のスクリュー押出機に供給し、再度ゲル粉砕を行った。該スクリュー押出機として、先端部に直径68mm、孔径7.5mm、厚さ8mmの多孔板が備えられた、スクリュー軸の直径が21.0mmのミートチョッパーを使用した。又、実施例7では、孔径を7.5mmから順に6.2mm、4.7mm、3.2mmに順次変更して、ゲル粉砕を繰り返し行った。該ミートチョッパーのスクリュー軸回転数を172rpmとした状態で、比較粒子状含水ゲル(1)を360[g/min]で供給し、粒子状含水ゲル(7)を得た。尚、実施例7では、2回目以降の再ゲル粉砕において温水及び水蒸気の供給はしなかった。実施例7において、ゲル粉砕エネルギー(GGE)は72.5[J/g]、ゲル粉砕エネルギー(2)(GGE(2))は36.1[J/g]であった。
製造例1において、単量体水溶液の組成を以下に変更した以外は製造例1と同様の操作を行い、帯状の含水ゲル(2)を得た。即ち、アクリル酸193.3重量部、48重量%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液163.03重量部、ポリエチレングリコールジアクリレート(平均n数9)0.659重量部、0.1重量%エチレンジアミンテトラ(メチレンホスホン酸)5ナトリウム水溶液52重量部、脱イオン水134重量部からなる単量体水溶液(2)を作成した以外は、製造例1と同様の操作を行い、帯状の含水ゲル(2)を得た。該帯状の含水ゲル(2)は、CRC33.2[g/g]、樹脂固形分53.0重量%、水可溶分8.0重量%、水可溶分の重量平均分子量468,684[Da]であった。
製造例2で得られた帯状の含水ゲル(2)について、比較例1と同様のゲル粉砕を行って比較粒子状含水ゲル(2’)を得た後、更に別のスクリュー押出機に供給し、再度ゲル粉砕を行った。該スクリュー押出機として、先端部に直径68mm、孔径3.2mm、厚さ8mmの多孔板が備えられた、スクリュー軸の直径が20.8mmのミートチョッパーを使用した。該ミートチョッパーのスクリュー軸回転数を172rpmとした状態で、上記比較粒子状含水ゲル(2’)を500[g/min]で供給し、比較粒子状含水ゲル(2)を得た。尚、比較例2では、再ゲル粉砕において温水及び水蒸気の供給はしなかった。比較例2において、ゲル粉砕エネルギー(GGE)は66.2[J/g]、ゲル粉砕エネルギー(2)(GGE(2))は50.2[J/g]であった。
特開2004-339502号公報の実施例1、実施例2及び比較例1に準じて吸水性樹脂粉末の製造を行った。即ち、48.5重量%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を5.83[g/s]、アクリル酸を7.24[g/s]、内部架橋剤として30重量%ポリエチレングリコールジアクリレート(平均分子量487)水溶液を0.0287[g/s]、脱イオン水を3.32[g/s]、及び水溶液(A)(20重量%アクリル酸水溶液97.4重量部に、1-ヒドロキシ-シクロヘキシル-フェニルケトン0.989重量部及び45重量%ジエチレントリアミン5酢酸5ナトリウム水溶液1.08重量部を溶解した溶液)を0.0893[g/s]の流量で分散機に供給し、単量体水溶液(3)を調製した。尚、アクリル酸、脱イオン水、内部架橋剤、水溶液(A)は攪拌機で均一にした後、分散機に供給した。得られた単量体水溶液(3)の温度は約95℃で安定していた。
製造例3に引き続いてポリアクリル酸(塩)系吸水性樹脂粉末を連続的に製造した。
製造例3で得られた帯状の含水ゲル(3)について、水蒸気を80℃の温水に変更してゲル粉砕した以外は比較例3と同様の操作を行い、比較粒子状含水ゲル(4)、比較吸水性樹脂粒子(4)、比較吸水性樹脂粉末(4)を得た。尚、ゲル粉砕前の含水ゲル(3)の温度は50℃であり、ゲル粉砕後の比較粒子状含水ゲル(4)の温度は52℃に上昇していた。更に乾燥機導入時の比較粒子状含水ゲル(4)の温度は42℃であった。比較例4において、ゲル粉砕エネルギー(GGE)は16.4[J/g]、ゲル粉砕エネルギー(2)(GGE(2))は8.4[J/g]であった。
製造例3で得られた帯状の含水ゲル(3)について、水供給口から何も注入せずにゲル粉砕した以外は比較例3と同様の操作を行い、比較粒子状含水ゲル(5)、比較吸水性樹脂粒子(5)、比較吸水性樹脂粉末(5)を得た。尚、ミートチョッパーから排出された比較粒子状含水ゲル(5)は連なり気味であった。又、ゲル粉砕前の含水ゲル(3)の温度は50℃であり、ゲル粉砕後の比較粒子状含水ゲル(5)の温度は45℃に低下していた。更に乾燥機導入時の比較粒子状含水ゲル(5)の温度は40℃であった。比較例5において、ゲル粉砕エネルギー(GGE)は62.3[J/g]、ゲル粉砕エネルギー(2)(GGE(2))は54.1[J/g]であった。
比較例1で得られた比較粒子状含水ゲル(1)について、粒子径が約2mmの比較粒子状含水ゲル(1)を選別し、これを比較粒子状含水ゲル(6)とした。尚、乾燥機導入時の比較粒子状含水ゲル(6)の温度は80℃であった。
実施例1で得られた粒子状含水ゲル(1)をゲル粉砕終了後1分以内に通気ベルト上に散布(この時の粒子状含水ゲル(1)の温度は80℃)し、185℃で30分間乾燥を行い、乾燥重合体(8)を得た。上記通気ベルトの移動速度は1[m/min]、又、熱風の平均風速は通気ベルトの進行方向に対して垂直方向に0.5[m/s]であった。尚、熱風の風速は、日本カノマックス株式会社製定温度熱式風速計アネモマスター6162で測定した。
実施例1で得られた粒子状含水ゲル(1)をゲル粉砕終了後1分以内に通気ベルト上に散布(この時の粒子状含水ゲル(1)の温度は80℃)し、185℃で30分間乾燥を行い、乾燥重合体(9)を得た。上記通気ベルトの移動速度は1[m/min]、又、熱風の平均風速は通気ベルトの進行方向に対して垂直方向に3.0[m/s]であった。尚、熱風の風速は、日本カノマックス株式会社製定温度熱式風速計アネモマスター6162で測定した。
実施例1で得られた粒子状含水ゲル(1)をゲル粉砕終了後1分以内に通気ベルト上に散布(この時の粒子状含水ゲル(1)の温度は80℃)し、130℃で30分間乾燥を行い、比較乾燥重合体(7)を得た。上記通気ベルトの移動速度は1[m/min]、又、熱風の平均風速は通気ベルトの進行方向に対して垂直方向に1.0[m/s]であった。尚、熱風の風速は、日本カノマックス株式会社製定温度熱式風速計アネモマスター6162で測定した。
実施例1で得られた粒子状含水ゲル(1)をゲル粉砕終了後1分以内に通気ベルト上に散布(この時の粒子状含水ゲル(1)の温度は80℃)し、260℃で30分間乾燥を行い、比較乾燥重合体(8)を得た。上記通気ベルトの移動速度は1[m/min]、又、熱風の平均風速は通気ベルトの進行方向に対して垂直方向に1.0[m/s]であった。尚、熱風の風速は、日本カノマックス株式会社製定温度熱式風速計アネモマスター6162で測定した。
製造例1と同様、連続製造装置を用いて、ポリアクリル酸(塩)系吸水性樹脂粉末を連続的に製造した。即ち、アクリル酸193.3重量部、48重量%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液64.4重量部、ポリエチレングリコールジアクリレート(平均n数9)1.26重量部、0.1重量%エチレンジアミンテトラ(メチレンホスホン酸)5ナトリウム水溶液52重量部、脱イオン水134重量部からなる単量体水溶液(1)を作成した。
製造例4に引き続いて、比較例1と同様の操作を行い、ポリアクリル酸(塩)系吸水性樹脂粉末を連続的に製造した。当該ゲル粉砕工程の条件を表1に、比較粒子状含水ゲル(9)の物性を表2に示す。又、こうして得られた比較吸水性樹脂粉末(9)の諸物性を表3に示す。
未公開の先願PCT/JP2010/073254号(国際出願日2010年12月24日)の比較例17、18に記載されている市販の紙オムツから取り出した吸水性樹脂粉末について、物性を測定した。
実施例3において、(共有結合性)表面架橋剤溶液を炭酸エチレン0.5重量部、脱イオン水3.0重量部からなる溶液に変更した以外は、実施例3と同様の操作を行い、吸水性樹脂粉末(10)を得た。得られた吸水性樹脂粉末(10)の諸物性を表3に示す。
上述した実施例及び比較例、並びに表1~3に示すように、本発明のゲル粉砕(1)~(4)の少なくとも1つ、即ち、ゲル粉砕エネルギー(GGE)が18~60[J/g]の条件、又はゲル粉砕エネルギー(2)(GGE(2))が9~40[J/g]の条件で含水ゲルをゲル粉砕した後に乾燥し表面処理すること、或いは、含水ゲルの水可溶分の重量平均分子量を10,000~500,000[Da]増加させた後に乾燥し表面処理すること、更に粒子状含水ゲルの重量平均粒子径(D50)を350~2000μm、粒度分布の対数標準偏差(σζ)を0.2~1.0、樹脂固形分を10~80重量%となるようにゲル粉砕し、かつ、特定条件下で乾燥し表面処理することで、通液性(SFC)と吸水速度(FSR)を両立させた吸水性樹脂粉末を製造することができる。尚、ゲル粉砕工程において、ゲル粉砕を複数回行う場合(例えば、実施例7)、空運転エネルギーが大きくなるため、ゲル粉砕エネルギー(2)(GGE(2))で評価する方が好ましい場合がある。
12 台
13 スクリュー
14 供給口
15 ホッパー
16 押出口
17 多孔板
18 回転刃
19 リング
20 逆戻り防止部材
20a 帯状突起(逆戻り防止部材)
21 モーター
22 筋状突起
Claims (22)
- アクリル酸(塩)系単量体水溶液の重合工程と、重合中又は重合後の含水ゲル状架橋重合体のゲル粉砕工程と、ゲル粉砕後の乾燥工程とを含む、ポリアクリル酸(塩)系吸水性樹脂粉末の製造方法であって、
上記ゲル粉砕工程において、樹脂固形分が10~80重量%の含水ゲル状架橋重合体を下記(1)~(4)の少なくとも一つを満たすゲル粉砕、
(1)ゲル粉砕エネルギー(GGE)18~60[J/g]でゲル粉砕、
(2)ゲル粉砕エネルギー(2)(GGE(2))9~40[J/g]でゲル粉砕、
(3)含水ゲル状架橋重合体の水可溶分の重量平均分子量を10,000~500,000[Da]増加、
(4)得られる粒子状の含水ゲル状架橋重合体の重量平均粒子径(D50)が350~2000μm、かつ、粒度分布の対数標準偏差(σζ)が0.2~1.0となるまでゲル粉砕、
を行った後に、乾燥機での乾燥温度が150~250℃で乾燥し、更に表面処理を行うことを特徴とする、ポリアクリル酸(塩)系吸水性樹脂粉末の製造方法。
ただし、ゲル粉砕が上記(4)の場合、通気ベルト型乾燥機に投入する際の、粒子状の含水ゲル状重合体の樹脂固形分が10~80重量%であり、上記通気ベルト型乾燥機での乾燥温度が150~250℃、かつ、熱風の風速が垂直方向(上下方向)に0.8~2.5[m/s]である。 - アクリル酸(塩)系単量体水溶液の重合工程と、重合中又は重合後の含水ゲル状架橋重合体のゲル粉砕工程と、ゲル粉砕後の乾燥工程とを含む、ポリアクリル酸(塩)系吸水性樹脂粉末の製造方法であって、
上記ゲル粉砕工程において、樹脂固形分が10~80重量%の含水ゲル状架橋重合体をゲル粉砕エネルギー(GGE)18~60[J/g]でゲル粉砕した後に、乾燥温度が150~250℃で乾燥し、更に表面処理を行うことを特徴とする、ポリアクリル酸(塩)系吸水性樹脂粉末の製造方法。 - アクリル酸(塩)系単量体水溶液の重合工程と、重合中又は重合後の含水ゲル状架橋重合体のゲル粉砕工程と、ゲル粉砕後の乾燥工程とを含む、ポリアクリル酸(塩)系吸水性樹脂粉末の製造方法であって、
上記ゲル粉砕工程において、樹脂固形分が10~80重量%の含水ゲル状架橋重合体をゲル粉砕エネルギー(2)(GGE(2))9~40[J/g]でゲル粉砕した後に、乾燥温度が150~250℃で乾燥し、更に表面処理を行うことを特徴とする、ポリアクリル酸(塩)系吸水性樹脂粉末の製造方法。 - アクリル酸(塩)系単量体水溶液の重合工程と、重合中又は重合後の含水ゲル状架橋重合体のゲル粉砕工程と、ゲル粉砕後の乾燥工程とを含む、ポリアクリル酸(塩)系吸水性樹脂粉末の製造方法であって、
上記ゲル粉砕工程において、樹脂固形分が10~80重量%の含水ゲル状架橋重合体をゲル粉砕し、当該含水ゲル状架橋重合体の水可溶分の重量平均分子量を10,000~500,000[Da]増加させた後に、乾燥温度が150~250℃で乾燥し、更に表面処理を行うことを特徴とする、ポリアクリル酸(塩)系吸水性樹脂粉末の製造方法。 - 上記ゲル粉砕工程で得られる、ゲル粉砕後の粒子状含水ゲル状架橋重合体の樹脂固形分が10~80重量%である、請求項2~4の何れか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 上記乾燥工程において、使用される乾燥機が通気ベルト型乾燥機であり、熱風の風速が垂直方向に0.8~2.5[m/s]である、請求項2~5の何れか1項に記載の製造方法。
- アクリル酸(塩)系単量体水溶液の重合工程と、重合中又は重合後の含水ゲル状架橋重合体のゲル粉砕工程と、ゲル粉砕後の乾燥工程とを含む、ポリアクリル酸(塩)系吸水性樹脂粉末の製造方法であって、
上記ゲル粉砕工程で得られる粒子状の含水ゲル状架橋重合体の重量平均粒子径(D50)が350~2000μm、かつ、粒度分布の対数標準偏差(σζ)が0.2~1.0であり、
上記乾燥工程において、通気ベルト型乾燥機に投入する際の、粒子状の含水ゲル状重合体の樹脂固形分が10~80重量%であり、上記通気ベルト型乾燥機での乾燥温度が150~250℃、かつ、熱風の風速が垂直方向に0.8~2.5[m/s]であり、
表面処理工程を更に含むことを特徴とする、ポリアクリル酸(塩)系吸水性樹脂粉末の製造方法。 - 上記ゲル粉砕工程において、ゲル粉砕エネルギー(GGE)18~60[J/g]で含水ゲル状架橋重合体をゲル粉砕する、請求項4~7の何れか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 上記重合工程がニーダー重合又はベルト重合である、請求項1~8の何れか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 上記ゲル粉砕工程において、下記(a)、(b)又は(c)をゲル粉砕する、請求項1~9の何れか1項に記載の製造方法。
(a)ゲルCRCが10~35[g/g]である含水ゲル状架橋重合体
(b)ゲルExtが0.1~10重量%である含水ゲル状架橋重合体
(c)ゲルCRCが10~35[g/g]、かつ、ゲルExtが0.1~10重量%である含水ゲル状架橋重合体 - 上記ゲル粉砕工程において、樹脂固形分が40~80重量%の含水ゲル状架橋重合体をゲル粉砕する、請求項1~10の何れか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 上記ゲル粉砕工程において、下記(d)、(e)又は(f)をゲル粉砕する、請求項1~11の何れか1項に記載の製造方法。
(d)モノマーの重合率が90モル%以上である含水ゲル状架橋重合体
(e)中和率が45~90モル%である含水ゲル状架橋重合体
(f)モノマーの重合率が90モル%以上、かつ、中和率が45~90モル%である含水ゲル状架橋重合体 - 上記ゲル粉砕工程において、ゲル温度が40~120℃の含水ゲル状架橋重合体をゲル粉砕する、請求項1~12の何れか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 上記ゲル粉砕工程において、ケーシングの一方の端部に多孔板が設置されたスクリュー型押出機を使用する、請求項1~13の何れか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 上記ゲル粉砕工程において、含水ゲル状架橋重合体のゲルExtの増加量が5重量%以下である、請求項1~14の何れか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 上記ゲル粉砕工程において、含水ゲル状架橋重合体100重量部に対して、水を0~4重量部添加する、請求項1~15の何れか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 上記ゲル粉砕工程で得られる粒子状の含水ゲル状架橋重合体は、下記(g)、(h)及び(i)の何れか1つ以上の物性を満たす、請求項1~16の何れか1項に記載の製造方法。
(g)ゲルExtが0.1~10重量%
(h)ゲルCRCが10~35[g/g]
(i)樹脂固形分が10~80重量% - 上記乾燥工程において、通気ベルト型乾燥機に投入する際の、粒子状の含水ゲル状架橋重合体の温度が60~110℃である、請求項1~17の何れか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 分級工程を更に含み、
分級後の吸水性樹脂粒子の重量平均粒子径(D50)が250~500μmであり、かつ、粒度分布の対数標準偏差(σζ)が0.25~0.50である、請求項1~18の何れか1項に記載の製造方法。 - 上記表面処理は、表面架橋工程と同時又は別途に、多価金属塩、カチオン性ポリマー又は無機微粒子の何れか1つ以上を添加する添加工程を更に含む、請求項1~19の何れか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 粒子径が150μm以上850μm未満である粒子の割合が95重量%以上であり、かつ、粒度分布の対数標準偏差(σζ)が0.25~0.50であるポリアクリル酸(塩)系吸水性樹脂であって、
加圧下吸水倍率(AAP)が20[g/g]以上、吸水速度(FSR)が0.30[g/g/s]以上で、かつ、下記式で規定される内部気泡率が0.1~2.5%であることを特徴とする、ポリアクリル酸(塩)系吸水性樹脂。
(内部気泡率)[%]={(真密度)-(見かけ密度)}/(真密度)×100 - 多価金属塩、カチオン性ポリマー又は無機微粒子の何れか1つ以上を更に含む、請求項21に記載の吸水性樹脂。
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CN102822209B (zh) | 2014-09-03 |
KR101908142B1 (ko) | 2018-10-15 |
US20130026412A1 (en) | 2013-01-31 |
KR20180112110A (ko) | 2018-10-11 |
JP5676572B2 (ja) | 2015-02-25 |
CN102822209A (zh) | 2012-12-12 |
CN104212105A (zh) | 2014-12-17 |
KR101946227B1 (ko) | 2019-02-08 |
EP2557095A4 (en) | 2014-06-25 |
US10434495B2 (en) | 2019-10-08 |
JP6093751B2 (ja) | 2017-03-08 |
JP2015083693A (ja) | 2015-04-30 |
EP2557095A1 (en) | 2013-02-13 |
US20160332141A1 (en) | 2016-11-17 |
JPWO2011126079A1 (ja) | 2013-07-11 |
CN104212105B (zh) | 2017-08-01 |
EP2557095B1 (en) | 2016-10-05 |
EP3115382A1 (en) | 2017-01-11 |
EP3115382B1 (en) | 2019-07-10 |
KR20130093477A (ko) | 2013-08-22 |
US9447203B2 (en) | 2016-09-20 |
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