WO2011152093A1 - 放射線画像撮影装置 - Google Patents
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- WO2011152093A1 WO2011152093A1 PCT/JP2011/054690 JP2011054690W WO2011152093A1 WO 2011152093 A1 WO2011152093 A1 WO 2011152093A1 JP 2011054690 W JP2011054690 W JP 2011054690W WO 2011152093 A1 WO2011152093 A1 WO 2011152093A1
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- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
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- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
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- H01L27/14—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a radiographic image capturing apparatus, and more particularly, to a radiographic image capturing apparatus capable of detecting the start of radiation irradiation by the apparatus itself.
- a so-called direct type radiographic imaging device that generates electric charges by a detection element in accordance with the dose of irradiated radiation such as X-rays and converts it into an electrical signal, or other radiation such as visible light with a scintillator or the like.
- Various types of so-called indirect radiographic imaging devices have been developed that convert charges into electromagnetic signals after they have been converted into electromagnetic waves of a wavelength, and then generated by photoelectric conversion elements such as photodiodes in accordance with the energy of the converted and irradiated electromagnetic waves. Yes.
- the detection element in the direct type radiographic imaging apparatus and the photoelectric conversion element in the indirect type radiographic imaging apparatus are collectively referred to as a radiation detection element.
- This type of radiographic imaging device is known as an FPD (Flat Panel Detector) and has been conventionally formed integrally with a support base (or a bucky apparatus) (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- FPD Full Panel Detector
- a portable radiographic imaging device in which an element or the like is housed in a housing has been developed and put into practical use (see, for example, Patent Documents 2 and 3).
- the radiation detection elements 7 are usually arranged in a two-dimensional form (matrix) on the detection unit P, and each radiation detection element 7 is arranged.
- switch means each formed of a thin film transistor (Thin Film Transistor, hereinafter referred to as TFT) 8. Then, before the radiation image is taken, that is, before the radiation image taking device is irradiated with radiation from the radiation generating device, excessive charge remaining in each radiation detecting element 7 is released while appropriately controlling the on / off of the TFT 8. In many cases, the reset process is performed.
- TFT Thin Film Transistor
- each radiation detection element 7 After the reset processing of each radiation detection element 7 is completed, radiation is generated in a state where all the TFTs 8 are turned off by applying an off voltage to the TFTs 8 through the scanning lines 6 from the gate drivers 15b of the scanning driving means 15.
- a charge corresponding to the radiation dose is generated in each radiation detection element 7 and accumulated in each radiation detection element 7.
- each radiation detection element is sequentially switched while switching each line L1 to Lx of the scanning line 5 to which an on-voltage for signal readout is applied from the gate driver 15b of the scanning drive means 15.
- it is configured to read out the electric charge accumulated therein from 7 and read it out as image data by performing charge-voltage conversion in the reading circuit 17.
- Patent Documents 4 and 5 while the radiation image capturing apparatus is being irradiated with radiation, the lines L1 to Lx of the scanning line 5 to which the ON voltage is applied from the gate driver 15b of the scanning driving unit 15 are sequentially switched. A radiographic imaging apparatus and a method for reading out image data are described in which image data readout processing from the radiation detection element 7 is repeated.
- an on-voltage is sequentially applied to each of the lines L1 to Lx of the scanning line 5 to read out image data among all the radiation detection elements 7 arranged on the detection unit P.
- the period for reading out each image data from each radiation detection element 7 is one frame, the charges generated in the radiation detection element 7 due to the irradiation of radiation are divided and read out by the reading process of each frame.
- the image data read for each frame from the frame where radiation irradiation is started to the next frame after the radiation irradiation is completed is added for each radiation detection element 7, and each radiation detection element is added.
- the image data for every 7 is reconstructed.
- the on-voltage is sequentially applied from the gate driver 15b to each scanning line 5 in order from the uppermost scanning line 5 in the figure, while the image data of each frame is changed.
- the ON voltage is sequentially applied to the scanning line 5 of the portion ⁇ T indicated by hatching in FIG.
- FIG. 76 does not indicate that radiation is applied only to the portion ⁇ T indicated by hatching, and the radiation is applied over the entire area of the detection unit P.
- the image data for each frame for two or three times including this frame is added to each radiation.
- the image data for each detection element 7 is reconstructed, as shown in FIGS. 77A and 77B, shades appear in the radiation image p generated based on the reconstructed image data.
- the signal line 6 is extended.
- each reconstructed image data d is viewed along the current direction (the vertical arrow direction in FIG. 77A), as shown in FIG. 77B, an on-voltage is sequentially applied while radiation is irradiated.
- the image data d of the image region ⁇ T corresponding to the scanning line 5 (that is, the hatched portion ⁇ T in FIG. 76) is larger than the image data d of the upper image region A and the lower image region B.
- the portion of the image region ⁇ T in the radiation image p becomes slightly black (that is, darker) than the image region A and the image region B.
- the radiation irradiated to the radiation image capturing apparatus 1 is irradiated to each TFT 8 or the irradiated radiation is irradiated.
- the amount of charge q leaked from the radiation detection element 7 through each TFT 8 increases.
- the amount of each charge q leaked from the other radiation detection elements 7 connected to the same signal line 6 in the image data di read out as the image data of the radiation detection elements 7i shown in FIG. Increases as you increase. Therefore, it is considered that the image data d in the image area ⁇ T is larger than the image data d in the image areas A and B.
- Patent Document 6 it is possible to detect that the radiation has been irradiated by the radiation image capturing apparatus itself.
- the imaging apparatus described in Patent Document 6 is configured to perform image data read processing before radiation irradiation starts on the radiographic imaging apparatus, and the read image data rapidly increases and exceeds a threshold value. At this point, it is detected that radiation has been applied.
- Patent Document 7 detection efficiency at the time of reading out image data from a plurality of rows of CCD elements among CCD (Charge-Coupled Device) elements, which are radiation detection elements, and detecting that radiation has been irradiated. It has been proposed to increase.
- CCD Charge-Coupled Device
- JP-A-9-73144 JP 2006-058124 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-342099 JP-A-9-140691 JP 7-72252 A Japanese Translation of National Publication No. 07-506993 JP-A-9-107503
- the image data read out at the time when the on-voltage is applied to a certain scanning line 5 and the radiation irradiation is detected means that the on-voltage is applied at that time. It means that a part of the electric charge generated by the radiation irradiation flows out from each radiation detection element 7 connected to the scanning line 5.
- image data read from each radiation detection element 7 connected to the scanning line 5 among the image data of each radiation detection element 7 read in the readout process after the radiation irradiation is completed. May be configured to be invalidated and destroyed as unreliable.
- the lesioned portion captured on the radiographic image is not usually small enough to fit in a line defect for one scanning line, or It is not thin. Therefore, as described above, the image data of each radiation detection element 7 connected to the scanning line 5 to which the ON voltage was applied when the radiation irradiation was detected was discarded as a line defect, Even if it is configured to interpolate with image data, there is no problem in actual operation.
- Patent Document 6 when the invention described in Patent Document 6 is applied to detect that radiation has been emitted when the value of the read image data rapidly increases and exceeds the threshold, at least radiation.
- an on-voltage to the plurality of scanning lines 5 at the same time to increase the detection efficiency of radiation irradiation. Is hard to say.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and provides a radiographic imaging apparatus capable of improving the detection efficiency when detecting the start of radiation irradiation by the apparatus itself. With the goal. Further, when detecting the irradiation of radiation while sequentially applying an on-voltage to each scanning line and performing image data reading processing, it is possible to prevent a line defect from appearing continuously on a plurality of adjacent scanning lines, or An object of the present invention is to provide a radiographic imaging apparatus capable of reducing the number of scanning lines in which line defects occur.
- the radiographic imaging device of the present invention includes: A plurality of scanning lines and a plurality of signal lines arranged so as to intersect with each other; a plurality of radiation detecting elements arranged in a two-dimensional manner in each region partitioned by the plurality of scanning lines and the plurality of signal lines; A detector comprising: Scanning drive means for sequentially applying an on-voltage to each of the scanning lines during a reading process of reading image data from the radiation detection element; When an on-voltage is applied to each scanning line and applied through the scanning line, charges accumulated in the radiation detection element are discharged to the signal line, and an off-voltage is applied through the scanning line.
- And switch means for accumulating charges in the radiation detection element,
- a read circuit that converts the electric charge emitted from the radiation detection element to the signal line and reads the image data
- Control means for controlling at least the scanning drive means and the readout circuit to perform a readout process of the data from the radiation detection element;
- the control means includes Prior to radiographic image capturing, an on-voltage is sequentially applied from the scanning driving means to the scanning lines to read out the image data from the radiation detection element, and when the read-out image data exceeds a threshold value.
- the time from when the scanning drive means applies an on-voltage to the scanning line until the applied voltage is switched to the off-voltage, or from the scanning drive means A period from when an on-voltage is applied to a certain scanning line to when an on-voltage is applied to the next scanning line is longer than the time or the period when the image data is read after the radiation irradiation is completed. It controls so that it may become.
- the on-voltage is sequentially applied to each scanning line from before the radiation image capturing to perform the image data reading process, and the radiation image is based on the read image data value. It is detected that radiation irradiation has started on the imaging apparatus. Therefore, it is possible to detect the start of radiation irradiation with the radiographic imaging device itself.
- control is performed so that the on-time at the time of image data readout processing before radiographic image capturing is longer than the on-time at the time of image data readout processing as a main image after radiographic image capturing.
- the image data determined as the line defect is used, for example, surrounding image data. Even if repair is performed in this manner, for example, it is accurately avoided that information on the lesioned part of the patient imaged in the line defect part is lost. And since the information of a lesioned part will also appear in the radiographic image produced
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XX in FIG. It is a top view which shows the structure of the board
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line YY in FIG. It is a side view explaining the board
- 6 is a timing chart showing charge reset switches, pulse signals, and TFT on / off timings in image data read processing. It is a graph showing the change of the voltage value etc. in a correlated double sampling circuit. It is a graph explaining that the value of the image data read by the reading process of the image data before radiographic image acquisition becomes large when radiation irradiation is started. It is a timing chart which shows the timing of application of ON voltage to each scanning line in the reading process of image data before and after radiographic image capturing in a model configuration. 6 is a timing chart showing the timing of application of an on voltage to each scanning line in the configuration 1 in which the on time in the readout process before radiographic image capturing is extended.
- FIG. 10 is a timing chart illustrating an example of a case where readout processing is performed by simultaneously applying an ON voltage to a plurality of scanning lines in readout processing of image data before radiographic image capturing. It is a figure showing the example of the irradiation position with respect to the scintillator and detection part of the radiation by which the irradiation field was narrowed down, and each signal line. It is a graph which shows the example of the maximum value of the image data read from read-out IC when very weak radiation is irradiated to a radiographic imaging apparatus. It is a graph which expands and shows the difference of the maximum value extracted from the inside which subtracted the moving average from the image data read from read-out IC.
- each readout IC in which a plurality of signal lines are connected and a plurality of readout circuits are formed. It is the figure which looked at the scintillator and the detection part from the radiation incident surface side of an apparatus, and is a figure explaining the position on the detection part in which the electromagnetic waves irradiated from the scintillator can enter, and the position which does not enter. It is a block diagram showing the equivalent circuit about 1 pixel which comprises a detection part at the time of comprising so that the capacity
- FIG. 6 is a graph plotting image data read out in a readout process before radiographic image capturing in the case of Configuration 1; 10 is a timing chart showing the timing of application of an on-voltage to each scanning line in the configuration 8 in which the gate period in the readout process before radiographic image capturing is extended. It is a timing chart which shows the timing of the application of the ON voltage to each scanning line in the configuration 9 configured to not apply the ON voltage to adjacent scanning lines.
- FIG. 28 is a timing chart for explaining an example of a case in which the time when radiation irradiation is actually started and the time when radiation irradiation start is detected deviate from each other in the case of FIG. 27. It is a figure explaining the state which the scanning line which produces a line defect appears in the state mutually separated. It is a top view which shows the structure of the board
- FIG. 32 is a timing chart for explaining an example in the case of FIG. 30 and FIG.
- 10 is a timing chart showing charge reset switches, pulse signals, and TFT on / off timings in leak data read processing. It is a figure explaining that each electric charge leaked from each radiation detection element via each TFT is read as leak data. It is a graph which shows that leak data reduce when irradiation of radiation is completed. Explanation will be given on the case where the on-voltage is sequentially applied from the scanning line to which the on-voltage is to be applied next to the scanning line that has detected the start of radiation irradiation in the configuration 1, and the image data read processing after radiographic imaging is performed. It is a timing chart to do.
- FIG. 14 is a timing chart showing the case of FIG. 13 in a simplified manner and explaining that the effective accumulation time becomes a different time interval for each scanning line.
- FIG. 37 is a timing chart showing the case of FIG. 36 in a simplified manner and explaining that the effective accumulation time becomes a different time interval for each scanning line. It is a timing chart when reading the offset correction value by repeating the same processing sequence as the processing sequence for reading image data after the image data reading processing.
- 6 is a timing chart when an offset correction value reading process is performed immediately after image data reading process or after a predetermined time has elapsed. It is a graph showing the table or relational expression showing the relationship between the effective accumulation time of TFT and the offset correction value used as a reference. It is a figure explaining the offset image created by assigning an offset correction value for each radiation detection element. It is a figure explaining a group of offset images created for each scanning line.
- FIG. 37 is a timing chart showing the timing of applying an on-voltage to each scanning line when the configuration of FIG. 36 is applied to the model configuration of FIG. 6 is a timing chart for explaining that the off voltage is applied for the same period as the period during which the off voltage is applied to all the scanning lines in the charge accumulation mode during the image data reading process for each frame. It is a timing chart showing the on / off timing of the TFT, and a graph showing that the offset due to the lag per unit time and the offset due to the lag, which is an integral value thereof, increase with time. It is a graph explaining the offset part by the lag for each scanning line at the time of performing each process shown in FIG.
- 10 is a timing chart in image data read processing before radiographic image capturing, charge accumulation mode, and image data read processing after radiographic image capturing in the fourth embodiment. It is a figure explaining the gate driver comprised by arranging gate IC in parallel and an unconnected terminal. 6 is a timing chart for explaining that a period ⁇ in which image data is not read out from any radiation detection element occurs in the conventional method of reading out image data. It is a figure showing the structure of the scanning drive part concerning 5th Embodiment, the wiring with respect to a gate driver, etc. FIG. 6 is a timing chart for explaining that reading processing of image data d for each frame is performed continuously in time by Method 1. 10 is a timing chart for explaining the timing of applying an ON voltage to each scanning line and each non-connected terminal in Method 2.
- FIG. 54 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a modified example of the scanning drive unit illustrated in FIG. It is a top view which shows the structure of the board
- FIG. 59 is a diagram for explaining that each scanning line and each signal line in each region of the detection unit are connected to different gate drivers and different readout ICs in the case of FIG. 59.
- FIG. 10 is a timing chart for explaining the timing of applying an on voltage to each scanning line, the on / off operation of a charge reset switch, and the like in image data readout processing and leak data readout processing in Method 5.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining that image data d includes data resulting from dark charges emitted from a radiation detection element and leak data corresponding to each charge leaked from each radiation detection element via each TFT. 6 is a timing chart showing charge reset switches, pulse signals, and on / off timings of TFTs when configured to repeatedly perform leak data reading processing before radiographic imaging.
- 6 is a timing chart showing charge reset switches, pulse signals, and on / off timings of TFTs in a case where leakage data reading processing and radiation detection element reset processing are alternately performed before radiographic imaging.
- 6 is a timing chart showing charge reset switches, pulse signals, and on / off timings of TFTs when configured to alternately perform leak data read processing and image data read processing before radiographic image capturing.
- 6 is a timing chart for explaining the timing of applying an ON voltage to each scanning line and each non-connected terminal when the leak data reading process and each radiation detection element reset process are alternately performed. It is a graph showing the time transition of the leak data read when performing the read process of leak data and the reset process of each radiation detection element alternately.
- FIG. 69B is an image diagram for explaining that the charge leaked through the TFT after the state of FIG. 69B increases.
- 6 is a timing chart illustrating timings at which an on-voltage is applied to each scanning line when leak data reading processing is repeated in the charge accumulation mode. It is a figure showing the case where the radiation which narrowed the irradiation field was irradiated to the radiographic imaging device.
- 6 is a timing chart illustrating timings at which a voltage applied to each scanning line is switched between an on voltage and an off voltage in a normal image data read process. 6 is a timing chart illustrating that image data read processing is repeatedly performed for each frame. It is a figure explaining the read-out process of the data from each radiation detection element for every frame. It is a figure showing that radiation was irradiated and irradiation was completed while an ON voltage was sequentially applied to a scanning line of a portion of ⁇ T. It is a figure showing the radiographic image produced
- the radiographic imaging device is a so-called indirect radiographic imaging device that includes a scintillator or the like and converts the irradiated radiation into electromagnetic waves of other wavelengths such as visible light to obtain an electrical signal.
- the present invention can also be applied to a direct radiographic imaging apparatus.
- the radiographic image capturing apparatus that is, a so-called dedicated machine
- a radiographic image capturing apparatus that is, a so-called dedicated machine
- FIG. 1 is an external perspective view of the radiographic image capturing apparatus according to the present embodiment
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XX of FIG.
- the radiation image capturing apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment is configured by housing a scintillator 3, a substrate 4, and the like in a housing 2.
- the housing 2 is formed of a material such as a carbon plate or plastic that transmits at least the radiation incident surface R. 1 and 2 show a case in which the housing 2 is a so-called lunch box type formed by a front plate 2A and a back plate 2B. However, the housing 2 is integrally formed in a rectangular tube shape. It is also possible to use a so-called monocoque type.
- the side surface portion of the housing 2 can be opened and closed for replacement of a power switch 36, an indicator 37 composed of LEDs or the like, and a battery 41 (see FIG. 7 described later).
- the lid member 38 and the like are disposed.
- an antenna which is a communication means for transmitting and receiving information such as image data d, which will be described later, to and from an external device such as an image processing computer is provided on the side surface of the lid member 38.
- the device 39 is embedded.
- the installation position of the antenna device 39 is not limited to the side surface portion of the lid member 38, and the antenna device 39 can be installed at an arbitrary position of the radiographic image capturing apparatus 1.
- the number of antenna devices 39 to be installed is not limited to one, and a plurality of antenna devices 39 may be provided.
- a base 31 is disposed inside the housing 2 via a lead thin plate (not shown) on the lower side of the substrate 4, and an electronic component 32 and the like are disposed on the base 31.
- the PCB substrate 33, the buffer member 34, and the like are attached.
- a glass substrate 35 for protecting the substrate 4 and the radiation incident surface R of the scintillator 3 is disposed.
- the scintillator 3 is arranged so as to face a detection unit P described later of the substrate 4.
- the scintillator 3 is, for example, a phosphor whose main component is converted into an electromagnetic wave having a wavelength of 300 to 800 nm, that is, an electromagnetic wave centered on visible light when it receives radiation, and that is output.
- the substrate 4 is formed of a glass substrate. As shown in FIG. 3, a plurality of scanning lines 5 and a plurality of signal lines are provided on a surface 4 a of the substrate 4 facing the scintillator 3. 6 are arranged so as to cross each other. In each small region r defined by the plurality of scanning lines 5 and the plurality of signal lines 6 on the surface 4 a of the substrate 4, radiation detection elements 7 are respectively provided.
- the region is a detection unit P.
- a photodiode is used as the radiation detection element 7, but other than this, for example, a phototransistor or the like can also be used.
- Each radiation detection element 7 is connected to the source electrode 8s of the TFT 8 serving as a switch means, as shown in the enlarged views of FIGS.
- the drain electrode 8 d of the TFT 8 is connected to the signal line 6.
- the TFT 8 is turned on when an on-voltage is applied to the connected scanning line 5 by the scanning driving means 15 described later and applied to the gate electrode 8g via the scanning line 5, and the radiation detection element The electric charge accumulated in 7 is emitted to the signal line 6.
- the TFT 8 is turned off when an off voltage is applied to the connected scanning line 5 and applied to the gate electrode 8 g via the scanning line 5, and the charge from the radiation detection element 7 to the signal line 6 is turned off. Is stopped, and the charge is held and accumulated in the radiation detection element 7.
- FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line YY in FIG.
- a gate electrode 8g of a TFT 8 made of Al, Cr or the like is formed on the surface 4a of the substrate 4 so as to be integrally laminated with the scanning line 5, and silicon nitride (laminated on the gate electrode 8g and the surface 4a).
- An upper portion of the gate electrode 8g on the gate insulating layer 81 made of SiN x ) or the like is connected to the first electrode 74 of the radiation detection element 7 via a semiconductor layer 82 made of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si) or the like.
- the formed source electrode 8s and the drain electrode 8d formed integrally with the signal line 6 are laminated.
- the source electrode 8s and the drain electrode 8d are divided by a first passivation layer 83 made of silicon nitride (SiN x ) or the like, and the first passivation layer 83 covers both electrodes 8s and 8d from above.
- ohmic contact layers 84a and 84b formed in an n-type by doping hydrogenated amorphous silicon with a group VI element are stacked between the semiconductor layer 82 and the source electrode 8s and the drain electrode 8d, respectively.
- the TFT 8 is formed as described above.
- an auxiliary electrode 72 is formed by laminating Al, Cr, or the like on the insulating layer 71 formed integrally with the gate insulating layer 81 on the surface 4 a of the substrate 4.
- a first electrode 74 made of Al, Cr, Mo or the like is laminated on the auxiliary electrode 72 with an insulating layer 73 formed integrally with the first passivation layer 83 interposed therebetween.
- the first electrode 74 is connected to the source electrode 8 s of the TFT 8 through the hole H formed in the first passivation layer 83.
- the auxiliary electrode 72 is not necessarily provided.
- a p layer 77 formed by doping a group III element into silicon and forming a p-type layer is formed by laminating sequentially from below.
- the radiation irradiated with respect to the radiographic imaging apparatus 1 injects from the radiation entrance surface R of the housing
- the electromagnetic wave reaches the i layer 76 of the radiation detection element 7, and electron-hole pairs are generated in the i layer 76.
- the radiation detection element 7 converts the electromagnetic waves irradiated from the scintillator 3 into electric charges (electron hole pairs).
- a second electrode 78 made of a transparent electrode such as ITO is laminated and formed so that the irradiated electromagnetic wave reaches the i layer 76 and the like.
- the radiation detection element 7 is formed as described above. The order of stacking the p layer 77, the i layer 76, and the n layer 75 may be reversed. Further, in the present embodiment, a case where a so-called pin-type radiation detection element formed by sequentially stacking the p layer 77, the i layer 76, and the n layer 75 as described above is used as the radiation detection element 7. However, it is not limited to this.
- a bias line 9 for applying a bias voltage to the radiation detection element 7 is connected to the upper surface of the second electrode 78 of the radiation detection element 7 via the second electrode 78.
- the second electrode 78 and the bias line 9 of the radiation detection element 7, the first electrode 74 extended to the TFT 8 side, the first passivation layer 83 of the TFT 8, that is, the upper surfaces of the radiation detection element 7 and the TFT 8 are A second passivation layer 79 made of silicon nitride (SiN x ) or the like is covered from above.
- one bias line 9 is connected to a plurality of radiation detection elements 7 arranged in rows, and each bias line 9 is connected to a signal line 6. Are arranged in parallel with each other. Further, each bias line 9 is bound to the connection 10 at a position outside the detection portion P of the substrate 4.
- each scanning line 5, each signal line 6, and connection 10 of the bias line 9 are input / output terminals (also referred to as pads) provided near the edge of the substrate 4. 11 is connected.
- each input / output terminal 11 has an anisotropic COF (Chip On Film) 12 in which a chip such as a gate IC 12 a constituting a gate driver 15 b of the scanning drive means 15 described later is incorporated on a film. They are connected via an anisotropic conductive adhesive material 13 such as a conductive conductive adhesive film (Anisotropic Conductive Film) or an anisotropic conductive paste (Anisotropic Conductive Paste).
- the COF 12 is routed to the back surface 4b side of the substrate 4 and connected to the PCB substrate 33 described above on the back surface 4b side.
- substrate 4 part of the radiographic imaging apparatus 1 is formed.
- illustration of the electronic component 32 and the like is omitted.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating an equivalent circuit of the radiographic imaging apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating an equivalent circuit for one pixel constituting the detection unit P.
- each radiation detection element 7 of the detection unit P of the substrate 4 has the bias line 9 connected to the second electrode 78, and each bias line 9 is bound to the connection 10 to the bias power supply 14. It is connected.
- the bias power supply 14 applies a bias voltage to the second electrode 78 of each radiation detection element 7 via the connection 10 and each bias line 9.
- the bias power supply 14 is connected to a control means 22 described later, and the control means 22 controls the bias voltage applied to each radiation detection element 7 from the bias power supply 14.
- the bias line 9 is connected via the second electrode 78 to the p-layer 77 side (see FIG. 5) of the radiation detection element 7.
- the bias power supply 14 supplies a voltage equal to or lower than a voltage applied to the second electrode 78 of the radiation detection element 7 via the bias line 9 as a bias voltage on the first electrode 74 side of the radiation detection element 7 (that is, a so-called reverse bias voltage). Is applied.
- the first electrode 74 of each radiation detection element 7 is connected to the source electrode 8s of the TFT 8 (indicated as S in FIGS. 7 and 8), and the gate electrode 8g of each TFT 8 (FIGS. 7 and 8). Are respectively connected to the lines L1 to Lx of the scanning line 5 extending from a gate driver 15b of the scanning driving means 15 described later. Further, the drain electrode 8 d (denoted as D in FIGS. 7 and 8) of each TFT 8 is connected to each signal line 6.
- the scan driver 15 includes a power supply circuit 15a for supplying an on voltage and an off voltage to the gate driver 15b via the wiring 15c, and a voltage to be applied to each line L1 to Lx of the scan line 5 between the on voltage and the off voltage.
- a gate driver 15b that switches between the on state and the off state of each TFT 8 is provided.
- the scanning drive unit 15 sequentially applies an ON voltage to each of the lines L1 to Lx of the scanning line 5 in accordance with an instruction from the control unit 22 described later, The state in which the off voltage is applied to all the lines L1 to Lx is maintained.
- each signal line 6 is connected to each readout circuit 17 formed in each readout IC 16.
- the readout IC 16 is provided with one readout circuit 17 for each signal line 6.
- the readout circuit 17 includes an amplification circuit 18 and a correlated double sampling circuit 19.
- An analog multiplexer 21 and an A / D converter 20 are further provided in the reading IC 16. 7 and 8, the correlated double sampling circuit 19 is represented as CDS. In FIG. 8, the analog multiplexer 21 is omitted.
- the amplifier circuit 18 is configured by a charge amplifier circuit, and is configured by connecting a capacitor 18b and a charge reset switch 18c in parallel to the operational amplifier 18a and the operational amplifier 18a, respectively.
- a power supply unit 18 d for supplying power to the amplifier circuit 18 is connected to the amplifier circuit 18.
- a switch 18e that opens and closes in conjunction with the charge reset switch 18c is provided between the operational amplifier 18a and the correlated double sampling circuit 19.
- the signal line 6 is connected to the inverting input terminal on the input side of the operational amplifier 18 a of the amplifier circuit 18, and the reference potential V 0 is applied to the non-inverting input terminal on the input side of the amplifier circuit 18.
- the reference potential V 0 is set to an appropriate value, and in this embodiment, for example, 0 [V] is applied.
- the charge reset switch 18c of the amplifier circuit 18 is connected to the control means 22, and is controlled to be turned on / off by the control means 22, so that the charge reset switch 18c is turned on.
- the switch 18e is turned off in conjunction with it, and when the charge reset switch 18c is turned off, the switch 18e is turned on in conjunction with it.
- the TFTs 8 that are turned on are turned on in the state where the charge reset switch 18 c is turned off (and the switch 18 e is turned on).
- the charge accumulated from each radiation detection element 7 is released to the signal line 6 through the signal line 6, and the charge flows through the signal line 6 and flows into the capacitor 18 b of the amplifier circuit 18 and is accumulated.
- a voltage value corresponding to the amount of charge accumulated in the capacitor 18b is output from the output side of the operational amplifier 18a. In this way, the amplifier circuit 18 outputs a voltage value according to the amount of charge output from each radiation detection element 7 and converts the charge voltage.
- the amplifier circuit 18 may be configured to output a current in accordance with the charge output from the radiation detection element 7.
- the charge reset switch 18c is turned on, and when the switch 18e is turned off, the input side and the output side of the amplifier circuit 18 are short-circuited.
- the charge accumulated in 18b is discharged.
- the discharged electric charge passes through the operational amplifier 18a from the output terminal side of the operational amplifier 18a, goes out from the non-inverting input terminal and is grounded, or flows out to the power supply unit 18d, whereby the amplifier circuit 18 is reset. ing.
- a correlated double sampling circuit (CDS) 19 is connected to the output side of the amplifier circuit 18.
- the correlated double sampling circuit 19 has a sample and hold function.
- the sample and hold function in the correlated double sampling circuit 19 is turned on / off by a pulse signal transmitted from the control means 22. To be controlled.
- the charge reset switch 18c of the amplifier circuit 18 of each reading circuit 17 is controlled to be turned off.
- the so-called kTC noise is generated at the moment when the charge reset switch 18c is turned off, and the charge caused by the kTC noise accumulates in the capacitor 18b of the amplifier circuit 18.
- the voltage value output from the amplifier circuit 18 starts from the above-described reference potential V 0 at the moment when the charge reset switch 18c is turned off (indicated as “18coff” in FIG. 10). It changes by the amount of electric charge caused by kTC noise and changes to a voltage value Vin.
- the control means 22 transmits the first pulse signal Sp1 to the correlated double sampling circuit 19, and at that time (shown as “CDS hold” (left side in FIG. 10)).
- the voltage value Vin output from the amplifier circuit 18 is held.
- an on-voltage is applied to one scanning line 5 (for example, line Ln of the scanning line 5) from the gate driver 15 b of the scanning driving unit 15, and the gate electrode 8 g is applied to the scanning line 5.
- the TFTs 8 connected to each other are turned on (refer to FIG. 9; indicated as “TFTon” in FIG. 10)
- the charges accumulated from the radiation detecting elements 7 connected to these TFTs 8 are applied to the signal lines 6.
- the voltage value output from the amplifier circuit 18 increases according to the amount of charge stored in the capacitor 18b.
- the control means 22 switches the on-voltage applied to the scanning line 5 from the gate driver 15b to the off-voltage and turns the gate electrode 8g on the scanning line 5 as shown in FIG. Is turned off (indicated as “TFToff” in FIG. 10), and at this stage, the second pulse signal Sp2 is transmitted to each correlated double sampling circuit 19, and at that time, the amplifier circuit 18 The output voltage value Vfi is held (displayed as “CDS hold” (right side) in FIG. 10).
- each correlated double sampling circuit 19 When each correlated double sampling circuit 19 holds the voltage value Vfi by the second pulse signal Sp2, it calculates the difference Vfi ⁇ Vin of the voltage value, and uses the calculated difference Vfi ⁇ Vin as the analog value image data d on the downstream side. To output.
- the image data d of each radiation detection element 7 output from the correlated double sampling circuit 19 is transmitted to the analog multiplexer 21 and sequentially transmitted from the analog multiplexer 21 to the A / D converter 20. Then, the A / D converter 20 sequentially converts the image data d into digital values, outputs them to the storage means 40, and sequentially stores them.
- the control means 22 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a ROM (Read Only Memory), a RAM (Random Access Memory), a RAM (Random Access Memory), an input / output interface connected to the bus, an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), etc. It is configured. It may be configured by a dedicated control circuit. And the control means 22 controls operation
- DRAM Dynamic RAM
- the above-described antenna device 39 is connected to the control unit 22, and each member such as the detection unit P, the scanning drive unit 15, the readout circuit 17, the storage unit 40, the bias power supply 14, and the like.
- a battery 41 for supplying electric power is connected.
- a connection terminal 42 for charging the battery 41 by supplying power to the battery 41 from a charging device (not shown) is attached to the battery 41.
- control unit 22 controls the bias power supply 14 to set or vary the bias voltage applied from the bias power supply 14 to each radiation detection element 7. It is designed to control the operation.
- the read processing of the image data d is performed before the radiographic imaging performed by irradiating the radiographic imaging device 1 with radiation, and the radiation imaging to the radiographic imaging device 1 is performed. After the process is completed, a reading process of image data d as a so-called main image is performed.
- image data d read out as a main image after radiation irradiation is completed is referred to as image data D so that it can be easily distinguished from image data d read out before radiographic image capturing.
- image data D image data d read out as a main image after radiation irradiation is completed
- the readout process after the radiation irradiation is completed is referred to as a readout process after radiographic image capturing so that it can be easily distinguished from the readout process before radiographic image capturing. Accordingly, the image data d is read out by the respective reading processes before the radiographic image is taken and the image data D is read out after the radiographic image is taken.
- model configuration Here, before describing each configuration in the present embodiment, the configuration to be compared with each configuration in the present embodiment will be described. Hereinafter, this configuration is abbreviated as a model configuration.
- the on-voltage is sequentially applied to the lines L1 to Lx of the scanning line 5 from the gate driver 15b of the scanning drive unit 15 before the radiographic image is captured, as shown in FIG. Processing is performed. Then, the value of the read image data d is monitored. For example, as shown in FIG. 11, the value of the read image data d increases and exceeds a preset threshold value dth (in FIG. 11, At time t1), it is configured to detect that radiation irradiation to the radiation imaging apparatus has started.
- the on-voltage is applied to the line Ln of the scanning line 5 and the image data d read from each radiation detection element 7 connected to the line Ln of the scanning line 5
- the application of the ON voltage to each of the lines L1 to Lx of the scanning line 5 is stopped from the scanning driving means 15, and each of the scanning lines 5 is stopped.
- the voltage applied to the lines L1 to Lx is switched to the off voltage.
- a transition is made to a charge accumulation mode in which charges generated in each radiation detection element 7 due to radiation irradiation are accumulated in each radiation detection element 7.
- scanning is performed both in the reading process of image data d before radiographic image capturing and in the reading process of image data D after radiographic image capturing.
- Read-out processing is performed by sequentially applying an ON voltage from the driving unit 15 to each of the lines L1 to Lx of the scanning line 5.
- the on-voltage is applied from the scanning drive unit 15 to the lines L1 to Lx of the scanning line 5 to turn on the TFTs 8, and then the applied voltage is applied.
- the time until the TFT 8 is turned off by switching to the off voltage that is, the time during which the TFT 8 is turned on in FIG. 9 (the time from “TFTon” to “TFToff” in FIG. 10; hereinafter referred to as the on time) .
- the transmission interval of the pulse signals Sp1 and Sp2 transmitted to the correlated double sampling circuit 19 shown in FIG. 9 and the timing of the on / off operation of the charge reset switch 18c of the amplifier circuit 18 are also determined.
- the same transmission interval and timing are used for the reading process of the image data d before imaging and the reading process of the image data D after radiographic imaging.
- the image data d read by the reading process before radiographic image capturing is data used to detect the start of radiation irradiation, and therefore, the value of the image data d is seen, that is, exceeds the threshold value dth. What is necessary is just to be able to detect whether or not radiation irradiation has started. For this reason, the reading process of the image data d does not necessarily have to be performed under the same conditions as the image data D read out as the main image after radiographic image capturing.
- the reading process of the image data d before the radiographic image capturing is performed in the same manner as the on-time of the TFT 8 and the transmission timing of the pulse signals Sp1 and Sp2 (see FIG. 9) in the read processing of the image data D after the radiographic image capturing. There is no need to do this at the transmission timing.
- the on time of the TFT 8 in the reading process of the image data d before radiographic image capture is lengthened, the radiation irradiation is started, and the TFT 8 is turned on in the image data d read out during the radiation irradiation. Even during the time, electric charges continue to be generated in each radiation detection element 7 due to radiation irradiation. Therefore, the value of the image data d increases as the on time of the TFT 8 becomes longer.
- the amount of charge q leaked from the other radiation detection elements 7 connected to the signal line 6 via the TFT 8 also increases.
- the amount of each charge q that leaks from the other radiation detection element 7 and flows into the capacitor 18b of the amplifier circuit 18 increases as the on-time of the TFT 8 increases. Therefore, also in this respect, the value of the image data d increases as the on time of the TFT 8 becomes longer.
- the on-time of the TFT 8 at the time of the reading process of the image data d before the radiographic image capturing is made longer than the on-time at the time of the reading process of the image data D after the radiographic image capturing.
- the reading process is performed by simultaneously applying the on-voltage from the scanning driving unit 15 to a plurality of scanning lines 5 not adjacent on the detection unit P. By doing so, it is possible to increase the value of the image data d itself read out in one reading process of the image data d and improve the detection efficiency.
- each scanning line 5 is connected to the respective terminals of the gate ICs 12a constituting the gate driver 15b of the scanning driving means 15, for example, as shown in FIG.
- the scanning voltage 5 is simultaneously applied to each scanning line 5 connected to the first terminal of the gate IC 12a to simultaneously read the image data d.
- the scanning line 5 is connected to the second terminal of each gate IC 12a. It is possible to perform a reading process by simultaneously applying an ON voltage to each scanning line 5.
- the gate driver 15b of the scanning drive unit 15 is configured by eight gate ICs 12a
- the value of the image data d itself read out by one reading process of the image data d. Is 8 times larger. Therefore, the detection efficiency can be improved by increasing the value of the image data d itself that is read out in one reading process of the image data d.
- each scanning line can shorten the time required for the reading process for one frame. Therefore, it is possible to further reduce extra charges such as dark charges accumulated in each radiation detection element 7 connected to 5.
- the threshold value dth is set in advance, the image data d is read out as described above, and the read image data d exceeds the set threshold value dth. At this point (see time t1 in the figure), it can be configured to detect that radiation irradiation has started.
- control unit 22 applies the on-voltage to the lines L1 to Lx of the scanning line 5 from the scanning driving unit 15 as shown in FIG. Are sequentially applied to repeatedly read out the image data d and detect that radiation irradiation has started when the value of the read image data d exceeds the threshold value dth. it can.
- the image data d is output from each readout circuit 17 each time an on-voltage is sequentially applied to each of the lines L1 to Lx of the scanning line 5. Since one detection circuit 17 is provided for each signal line 6 provided in the detection unit P from several thousand to several tens of thousands, several thousands to several tens of times can be performed in one reading process of the image data d. Ten thousand pieces of image data d are output from each readout circuit 17.
- the threshold value dth is exceeded for several thousand to several tens of thousands of individual image data d, the burden of the judgment processing becomes very large. Therefore, for example, the maximum value dmax is extracted from each of the image data d read for each reading process of the image data d, and it is determined whether or not the maximum value dmax of the image data d exceeds the threshold value dth. It is possible to configure.
- the radiation is irradiated.
- the image data d does not increase in the portion that has not been processed, but the image data d increases in the portion that has been irradiated with radiation, so the maximum value dmax of the image data d increases. Therefore, it is possible to accurately detect the start of radiation irradiation by determining whether or not the maximum value dmax of the image data d exceeds the threshold value dth.
- the radiation detection elements 7 there is a radiation detection element 7 from which image data d having an abnormally large value is read. Further, depending on the performance of each readout circuit 17, there are cases where noise generated in the readout circuit 17 is large. In such a case, although the radiation image capturing apparatus 1 is not irradiated with radiation, the image data d having an abnormally large value or the image data d on which noise is superimposed exceeds the threshold value dth, and the radiation There is a possibility that it may be erroneously detected that the irradiation is started.
- the radiation detection element 7 from which the abnormal image data d is read has information on such an abnormal radiation detection element 7 in advance, and the abnormal radiation detection element 7 is stored.
- the image data d read out from can be configured not to be subject to the above-described determination of the start of radiation irradiation.
- a statistical value such as an average value or a total value of the image data d is calculated for each readout IC 16 provided with a predetermined number of readout circuits 17, and the maximum value is selected from the average value and the total value. It is also possible to extract the value and compare the maximum value with the threshold value dth.
- an abnormally large value of the image data d is an image of another normal value. In other words, it is diluted with the data d and the total value is calculated, so that the calculated average value and total value do not become so large. Therefore, if the threshold value dth is set to an appropriate value, it is possible to prevent erroneous detection of radiation irradiation even if image data d having an abnormally large value is read.
- noises generated in the respective readout circuits 17 cancel each other when calculating the average value and the total value of the image data d. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the influence of noise generated in each readout circuit 17 on the image data d.
- the maximum value dmax is extracted from the image data d read by the reading process before radiographic image capturing, or the maximum value is extracted from the average value or the total value of the image data d, and the maximum value is extracted.
- the threshold value dth are detected so that the start of radiation irradiation is detected, thereby improving the detection efficiency when detecting that the radiation imaging apparatus 1 has started the irradiation of radiation. It becomes possible.
- the maximum value of the individual image data d is extracted, the average value or the total value of the image data d for each readout IC 16 is calculated, the maximum value is extracted from them, and compared with the threshold value dth.
- the average value and the total value of all the image data d read by each reading circuit 17 at the time of one reading process of the image data d are calculated, and the average value and the total value are calculated.
- the threshold value dth can be compared. If comprised in this way, the process which extracts a maximum value will become unnecessary.
- the difference between the average value and the total value of the image data d and the like is only whether or not the process of dividing the total value by the total number of the image data d and the like is performed, and the image data d and the like are added. In the sense, it is the same process. Therefore, hereinafter, when only the average value or only the total value is described, the total value can be used instead of the average value, or the average value can be used instead of the total value.
- the statistical value of the image data d for each readout IC 16 in addition to the average value and the total value of the image data d as described above, for example, the median value or mode value of the image data d for each readout IC 16; Alternatively, various values such as a weighted average value, a root mean square value, and a square root of the mean square can be used. In the following description, the case where the average value is mainly used as the statistical value will be described. However, each statistical value other than the average value may be used instead of the average value.
- the radiation image capturing apparatus 1 when the radiation image capturing apparatus 1 is irradiated with a normal dose of radiation, the image data d read in the reading process is relatively more than the image data d read in the stage where the radiation is not irradiated. Since it clearly increases, it is easy to detect the start of radiation irradiation. However, the radiation image capturing apparatus 1 is irradiated with radiation with a very low dose rate (ie, dose per unit time), for example, as in the case of shull imaging with a stethoscope. In some cases, the increase in the image data d may not be clear.
- a very low dose rate ie, dose per unit time
- the ratio between the image data d and noise superimposed thereon that is, the S / N ratio of the image data d is an important problem. It becomes.
- Various noises are superimposed on the image data d.
- main noise for example, noise generated in the voltage of the bias power supply 14 (see FIG. 7) or noise derived from the power supply circuit 15a of the scan driving means 15 is used. Can be mentioned.
- the bias power supply 14 is connected to each radiation detection element 7 via the connection 10 and each bias line 9, and a bias voltage Vbias on which noise generated by the bias power supply 14 is superimposed is applied to each radiation detection element 7.
- Each radiation detection element 7 is in a state in which an i layer 76 (see FIG. 5) or the like is interposed between the first electrode 74 and the second electrode 78 and has a kind of capacitor-like structure. have.
- the charge noise caused by the fluctuation of the bias voltage Vbias is superimposed on the charge Q accumulated in the radiation detection element 7. Since the bias power supply 14 is connected to all the radiation detection elements 7 via the bias line 9 or the like, the noise of the bias voltage Vbias is transmitted to all the radiation detection elements 7 at the same time and is caused by the noise of the bias voltage Vbias. Charge noise is simultaneously superimposed on all the radiation detection elements 7.
- the on-voltage supplied from the power supply circuit 15a (see FIG. 7) of the scanning drive means 15 is applied to the scanning line 5 through the gate driver 15b and applied to the gate electrode 8g of each TFT 8.
- the noise of the on-voltage generated in one power supply circuit 15 a is transmitted to the scanning line 5 to which the on-voltage is applied, and instantaneously to each TFT 8 connected thereto via the scanning line 5. Communicated.
- the noise generated in the on-voltage in the power supply circuit 15a is simultaneously transmitted to all the TFTs 8 connected to the scanning line 5 to which the on-voltage is applied, and is read out when the image data d is read out. It is superimposed on the image data d.
- noise of the bias voltage Vbias and noise generated in the power supply circuit 15a of the scanning drive unit 15 are simultaneously superimposed on all the radiation detection elements 7. Therefore, the image data d read out at the same timing, that is, each of the lines connected to the line L of the scanning line 5 when the on-voltage is applied to a certain line L of the scanning line 5 and the reading process is performed.
- the same noise component is superimposed on the image data d read from the radiation detection element 7. Further, every time the scanning line 5 to which the ON voltage is applied is switched, the noise component superimposed on each image data d is increased or decreased in the same manner.
- each radiation detection provided at a position on the detection unit P corresponding to the radiation field F, that is, a position where an electromagnetic wave obtained by converting the irradiated radiation by the scintillator 3 can enter.
- the radiation image capturing apparatus 1 when the radiation image capturing apparatus 1 is irradiated with radiation, an electric charge is generated internally by irradiation of the radiation, and the value of the read image data d increases.
- the radiation image capturing device Even if radiation is irradiated to 1, the electromagnetic wave converted by the scintillator 3 is not incident on the radiation detection element 7, so that the value of the image data d does not increase.
- noise generated in the bias power supply 14 and the power supply circuit 15a of the scanning drive means 15 is caused by the noise detection element 7 and the TFT 8 at any position. Are transmitted simultaneously via. Therefore, the same noise is superimposed on the image data d read from each radiation detection element 7.
- each radiation at a position on the detection unit P where the electromagnetic wave emitted from the scintillator 3 can be incident by the control unit 22 that is, a position on the detection unit P corresponding to the radiation field F of radiation.
- the electromagnetic wave emitted from the scintillator 3 does not enter the position on the detection unit P (that is, the position other than the position on the detection unit P corresponding to the radiation field F).
- the difference ⁇ d obtained by subtracting the image data d read from each radiation detection element 7 provided is calculated, and radiation irradiation starts when the calculated difference ⁇ d exceeds the threshold value ⁇ dth set for the difference ⁇ d. It can be configured to detect that it has been done.
- the irradiation field F is narrowed so that the radiation is irradiated not on the entire area of the scintillator 3 or the detection unit P of the radiographic imaging apparatus 1 but on a part of the scintillator 3 or the detection unit P. It is premised on irradiation.
- the radiation field F of the radiation applied to the radiation image capturing apparatus 1 is normally set to the most suitable position on the radiation incident surface R for convenience of capturing for each capturing. Therefore, the irradiation field F may be set near the center of the radiation incident surface R as shown in FIG. 15, but may be set at a position corresponding to the periphery of the scintillator 3 or the detection unit P. For this reason, the radiation detection element 7 to which the electromagnetic wave from the scintillator 3 does not enter cannot be specified in advance.
- the control means 22 extracts the maximum value dmax and the minimum value dmin from each image data d read for each readout circuit 17.
- an on-voltage is applied to one scanning line 5 in one reading process, and the maximum is selected from all the image data d read from all the radiation detection elements 7 connected to the scanning line 5.
- the value dmax and the minimum value dmin are extracted.
- a difference ⁇ d obtained by subtracting the minimum value dmin from the extracted maximum value dmax is calculated, and it is detected that radiation irradiation has started when the calculated difference ⁇ d exceeds a threshold value ⁇ dth set for the difference ⁇ d. It can be configured to do so.
- each image data d read out for each readout circuit 17 is usually superimposed with an offset amount due to the readout characteristics of each readout circuit 17. For this reason, when image data d for the same charge Q is read by each readout circuit 17, each image data d has a different value for each offset.
- the image data d extracted by each of the past read processes for a predetermined number of times, for example, 5 times or 10 times, including the read process immediately before the read process.
- the moving average is subtracted from the image data d read out in the current readout process, and the subtracted value is obtained in the readout circuit 17 in the current readout process. It is assumed that the read image data d.
- the maximum value dmax and the minimum value dmin are extracted from each image data d calculated by subtracting the moving average from each image data d read for each readout circuit 17, respectively.
- a difference ⁇ d obtained by subtracting the minimum value dmin from the maximum value dmax is calculated. Then, it can be configured to detect that radiation irradiation has started when the calculated difference ⁇ d exceeds a threshold value ⁇ dth set for the difference ⁇ d.
- the image data d calculated by subtracting the moving average from the image data d read by each readout circuit 17 is Since the offset amount for each readout circuit 17 is canceled out and the value output from any readout circuit 17 becomes a value close to 0, the difference ⁇ d obtained by subtracting the minimum value dmin from the maximum value dmax becomes a value close to 0. Obviously, the difference ⁇ d obtained by subtracting the minimum value dmin from the maximum value dmax becomes a value close to 0. Become.
- each radiation detection arranged at the position on the detection unit P corresponding to the radiation irradiation field F is performed.
- the value of the image data d read out by radiation irradiation increases, but in each radiation detection element 7 arranged at a position other than the position on the detection unit P corresponding to the radiation field F, the image The value of data d does not increase.
- FIG. 16 is a graph showing the maximum value dmax of image data d read from a certain readout IC 16 when the radiation image capturing apparatus 1 is irradiated with very weak radiation.
- the image data d is increased or decreased due to noise generated in the power supply circuit 15a.
- radiation irradiation is started at time t1, but the rise in the image data d due to radiation irradiation is buried in noise, and the start of radiation irradiation cannot be detected.
- the maximum value dmax and the minimum value dmin are extracted from the image data d calculated by subtracting the moving average from the image data d, and the difference ⁇ d obtained by subtracting the minimum value dmin from the maximum value dmax is obtained.
- the calculated difference ⁇ d is reliably increased at time t1 and exceeds the threshold value ⁇ dth, and it can be detected that radiation irradiation has started at that time.
- the difference ⁇ d shown in FIG. 17 is the difference ⁇ d when the radiation imaging apparatus 1 is irradiated with radiation having an extremely low dose rate, as described above, and such a difference ⁇ d.
- the result as shown in FIG. 17 is obtained. Therefore, it goes without saying that when the radiation image capturing apparatus 1 is irradiated with a normal radiation having a higher dose rate, the difference ⁇ d increases more clearly.
- the irradiation field F is not narrowed and the entire radiation incident surface R (see FIG. 1 and the like) of the radiographic imaging apparatus 1 is covered. In some cases, radiation is emitted. In such a case, the start of radiation irradiation cannot be detected by the processing method of [Configuration 4-1].
- the actual radiographic imaging apparatus 1 can be configured by combining the above [Configuration 1] to [Configuration 3] and [Configuration 4-1]. Further, the configuration described in the above [Configuration 1] to [Configuration 3] is used in combination with the configuration described in [Configuration 4-1], and the start of radiation irradiation is detected simultaneously in both configurations. Of course, it is possible to configure so that the start of radiation irradiation is detected when the start of radiation irradiation is detected in any one of these configurations.
- the read IC 16 is formed with a predetermined number of read circuits 17 such as 128 or 256, as shown in FIG.
- 128 readout circuits 17 are formed in one readout IC 16 and 1024 signal lines 6 are wired, at least 8 readout ICs 16 are provided.
- each radiation detection element 7 connected via each signal line 6 is located at a position other than the position on the detection unit P corresponding to the radiation field F, that is, the detection unit P where the electromagnetic wave from the scintillator 3 is not incident. It is considered that there is a readout IC 16 that becomes each radiation detection element 7 provided in the upper position.
- the radiation field F since the radiation field F is narrowed, the radiation reaches all the radiation detection elements 7 connected to a certain readout IC 16 even though the radiation imaging apparatus 1 is irradiated with radiation. It is considered that there is a reading IC 16 that does not (in this embodiment, electromagnetic waves converted from radiation by the scintillator 3 do not enter).
- the maximum value and the minimum value are extracted from each image data d calculated by subtracting the moving average from each image data d read for each readout circuit 17.
- an average value for each read IC 16 of each image data d calculated by subtracting a moving average from each image data d read for each read circuit 17 is calculated, and each read IC 16 The maximum value and the minimum value can be extracted from the average value for each.
- the signal line 6 and the corresponding readout circuit 17 are thousands to tens of thousands.
- a moving average is calculated for each of the signal lines 6 and the readout circuits 17. The moving average must be subtracted from each image data d read out every time, and processing may take time.
- each read circuit 17 is formed in the read IC 16 by a predetermined number such as 128 or 256, for each read circuit 17 as described above. For example, instead of subtracting the moving average from each of the image data d read out, 128 image data d output from each readout circuit 17 for one readout IC 16 in one readout process, for example. The average value for each IC 16 can be calculated first.
- the average number of image data d for each read IC 16 for each read process is eight, which is equal to the number of read ICs 16 in the above example.
- a moving average is calculated for each of the average values of the image data d for each of these eight readout ICs 16, the moving average is subtracted from each average value, and each average value obtained by subtracting the moving average is compared. A maximum value and a minimum value are extracted from them, a difference ⁇ d obtained by subtracting the minimum value from the maximum value is calculated, and it is detected that radiation irradiation has started when the calculated difference ⁇ d exceeds a threshold value ⁇ dth. It can be configured as follows.
- each readout circuit 17 can read out the data in a single readout process. It is not necessary to calculate the moving average for 1024 pieces of image data d, and it is sufficient to calculate the moving average for the average value of the image data d for each of the eight readout ICs 16.
- the electric noise generated for each of a number of readout circuits 17 in the readout IC 16 calculates the average value of the image data d. Since they cancel each other out, there is an advantage that it is possible to reduce the influence of the electrical noise generated in each readout circuit 17 on the image data d and its moving average.
- the scintillator 3 may be originally formed smaller than the detection portion P provided on the substrate 4 as schematically shown in FIG. In FIG. 19, it is assumed that the scanning line 5 is wired in the left-right direction in the drawing, and the signal line 6 is extended in the vertical direction in the drawing.
- each radiation detection element 7 provided in the position under the scintillator 3 on the detection part P ie, the position in which the electromagnetic wave which the irradiated radiation converted by the scintillator 3 can inject is in.
- the image data d rises.
- each radiation detection provided at a position on the detection unit P other than just below the scintillator 3, that is, a position on the detection unit P where the electromagnetic wave from the scintillator 3 does not enter see a position C indicated by hatching in the drawing.
- the electromagnetic wave does not enter the radiation detection element 7, so that the image data d does not rise.
- the image read out from each radiation detection element 7 at the position on the detection unit P where the electromagnetic wave emitted from the scintillator 3 can enter (that is, the position immediately below the scintillator 3) is used by the control means 22.
- a difference obtained by subtracting the image data d read from each radiation detection element 7 provided at a position on the detection part P where the electromagnetic wave irradiated from the scintillator 3 is not incident (that is, a position other than immediately below the scintillator 3) from the data d.
- ⁇ d is calculated. In the same manner as described above, it can be configured to detect that radiation irradiation has started when the calculated difference ⁇ d exceeds the threshold value ⁇ dth.
- each radiation provided at a position on the detection unit P where the electromagnetic wave irradiated from the scintillator 3 is not incident that is, a position other than immediately below the scintillator 3.
- the image data d read from the detection element 7 for example, one image data d out of the image data d read from each radiation detection element 7 at the position C is selected and used. It is also possible to calculate the average value of the image data d and use it as the latter image data d.
- the radiographic imaging device 1 when configured as shown in FIG. 19, it is configured to calculate the difference ⁇ d by performing each process as described above, so that at least the image data d is obtained. It is possible to remove noise components derived from the superimposed bias power supply 14 and the like, and to improve the S / N ratio of the image data d.
- it is configured to always perform the process of setting the value obtained by subtracting the moving average from the image data d read by each reading circuit 17 as the image data d, or the dose rate of the irradiated radiation. It is determined as appropriate whether or not it is configured to be performed only when the value is very low.
- the capacitance of the capacitor 18b of the amplifier circuit 18 configured by the charge amplifier circuit described above can be varied, and radiation In the reading process of the image data d before image capturing, the capacitance cf of the capacitor 18b of the amplifier circuit 18 is varied so as to be smaller than the capacity in the reading process of the image data D after capturing the radiation image. It is also possible to configure.
- the amplifying circuit 18 outputs a voltage value corresponding to the charge Q emitted from the radiation detecting element 7 and accumulated in the flowing-in capacitor 18b, but is varied so that the capacitance cf of the capacitor 18b is reduced.
- V Q / cf
- the noise component originally superimposed on the charge Q emitted from the radiation detection element 7, that is, the noise component derived from the bias power source 14 as described above, is a voltage value V output from the amplifier circuit 18.
- the noise component does not contribute to the improvement of the S / N ratio, but at least the noise component generated in the readout circuit 17 including the amplifier circuit 18 is large even if the voltage value V increases. Don't be.
- the capacitance cf of the capacitor 18b is too low, the capacitor 18b is likely to be saturated with the electric charge Q emitted from each radiation detection element 7. However, if the capacitor 18b is saturated, the capacitor 18b in the readout circuit 17 including the capacitor 18b is used. It may adversely affect reading from the next time. For this reason, the capacitance cf of the capacitor 18b is adjusted to be lowered to an appropriate value. In addition, when the image data D is read out after radiographic imaging, the capacitance cf of the capacitor 18b is returned to a normal predetermined capacitance.
- the capacitance of the capacitor 18b of the amplifier circuit 18 can be varied.
- the capacitors C1 to C4 are connected in parallel. Connect to. Then, the switches Sw1 to Sw3 are connected in series to the capacitors C2 to C4, respectively. Note that a switch may be connected to the capacitor C1 in series.
- the capacitance cf of the capacitor 18b is the total value of the capacitance of the capacitor C1 and the capacitances of the capacitors C2 to C4 connected in series to the switches that are turned on among the switches Sw1 to Sw3. .
- the capacitor 18b uses each radiation as described above. Contrary to the above case, from the viewpoint of emphasizing the prevention of adverse effects caused by saturation with the charge Q emitted from the detection element 7, in the process of reading the image data d before radiographic image capturing, contrary to the above case.
- the capacitance cf of the capacitor 18b can be varied so as to be larger than the capacitance at the time of reading processing of the image data D after radiographic imaging.
- the capacitance cf of the capacitor 18b is returned to a normal predetermined capacitance.
- the TFT 8 has an off voltage applied to its gate electrode 8 g, and therefore the semiconductor layer 82 of the TFT 8 on the gate electrode 8 g side ( The lower side in FIG. 21 is in a state where the electron density is small.
- the charge q leaks in the TFT 8 in the off state when holes flow in a region where the electron density on the gate electrode 8g side of the semiconductor layer 82 is small.
- the leakage current since a reverse bias voltage is applied to the second electrode 78 (not shown in FIG. 21) of the radiation detection element 7 connected to the source electrode 8s, the leakage current is relatively In particular, it flows from the drain electrode 8d side having a high potential through the region on the gate electrode 8g side of the semiconductor layer 82 to the source electrode 8s side having a relatively low potential.
- the scintillator 3 is provided on the upper side in the drawing.
- the electron-hole pairs are generated mainly on the scintillator 3 side (the upper side in FIG. 21) of the semiconductor layer 82 of the TFT 8.
- the electron density is relatively high on the scintillator 3 side of the semiconductor layer 82, the probability that the generated holes recombine with the electrons increases. Therefore, as described above, when electromagnetic waves are irradiated from the scintillator 3 by irradiation of radiation, electron-hole pairs are generated in the semiconductor layer 82 of the TFT 8, and the amount of leakage current flowing in the TFT 8 in the off state increases. However, since some of the holes that are carriers are recombined with electrons, the rate of increase in leakage current is reduced.
- a wiring 85 is disposed on the side, and at least during the readout process repeatedly performed before radiographic image capturing, the wiring 85 is negative. It is possible to configure so as to apply the following voltage.
- the wiring 85 is formed of a conductive material that transmits electromagnetic waves irradiated from the scintillator 3 such as ITO.
- the wiring 85 is parallel to each scanning line 5. The same number is provided. At least at the time of readout processing repeatedly performed before radiographic image capturing, for example, a negative voltage that is the same as the off-voltage applied to each scanning line 5 from the scanning drive unit 15 is applied.
- the negative voltage applied to each wiring 85 is not necessarily a negative voltage having the same value as the off voltage. As described above, a region having a low electron density is formed on the scintillator 3 side of the semiconductor layer 82 of the TFT 8. It is set to a voltage that can be accurately formed. Further, it is possible to apply a turn-off voltage to each wiring 85 from the power supply circuit 15a of the scanning drive means 15, and it is also possible to apply a negative voltage from another power supply circuit. Is possible.
- the measure for increasing the amount of the charge q leaked from the other radiation detection elements 7 uses the image data d read in the readout process before radiographic imaging for the detection of the start of radiation irradiation.
- the image data D is read out as the main image in the reading process after radiographic imaging, the charge q component leaked from the other radiation detection elements 7 superimposed on the read image data D is Less is better.
- the wiring 85 and the bias line 9 are formed on the upper surface (that is, the surface on the scintillator 3 side not shown) of the first planarizing layer 80 a formed by being laminated above the radiation detection element 7 and the TFT 8.
- the form of forming the wiring 85 is not limited to this form, and the electron density is low on the scintillator 3 side of the semiconductor layer 82 of the TFT 8. If the region can be formed, the wiring 85 can be arranged at an appropriate position.
- the resistance value of the resistor of the bias power supply 14 When the resistance value of the resistor of the bias power supply 14 is increased, it functions as a so-called low-pass filter, and particularly high frequency noise can be reduced. Therefore, for example, in the process of reading the image data d before radiographic image capturing, it is possible to vary the resistance value so that the resistance value of the resistor in the bias power supply 14 is increased.
- the resistance value of the resistor in the bias power source 14 is returned to the original normal resistance value at least when the image data D is read out after radiographic imaging.
- the radiation detection element 7 that has performed the reading process while the radiation image capturing apparatus 1 is being irradiated with the radiation receives radiation from the radiation detection element 7.
- Part of the charge generated by irradiation that is, image data D to be read out as the main image flows out and is read out as image data d.
- each scanning line 5 to which the radiation detection element 7 is connected is regarded as a line defect.
- radiation irradiation to the radiographic imaging apparatus is actually performed by applying a turn-on voltage to the line Ln of the scanning line 5 and performing a reading process.
- the detection efficiency is low even though it has already been started, radiation irradiation starts when, for example, a read process is performed by applying an ON voltage to the line Ln + 2 of the scanning line 5 It is assumed that it has been detected.
- the lines Ln to Ln + 2 of the scanning line 5 become line defects.
- the line defect continues to a plurality of adjacent lines Ln to Ln + 2 of the scanning line 5, as shown in FIG. Appears.
- these continuous line defects are repaired by, for example, interpolating with the image data D of each radiation detecting element 7 connected to the line Ln-1 or the line Ln + 3 of the scanning line 5, for example, As described above, there is a possibility that the information on the lesioned part of the patient imaged on each scanning line 5 that is regarded as a line defect may be lost due to the restoration such as interpolation.
- the on-time of the TFT 8 at the time of the reading process of the image data d before the radiographic image capturing is set to the reading time of the image data D after the radiographic image capturing. If it is configured to be longer than the ON time, the detection efficiency when detecting the start of radiation irradiation is improved.
- the on-voltage is applied to the line Ln of the scanning line 5 as shown in FIG.
- the value of the read image data d rapidly increases and exceeds the threshold value dth, it is possible to detect that radiation irradiation has started at this time t1. Therefore, in this case, only the line Ln of the scanning line 5 becomes a line defect, as shown in FIG.
- the value of the image data d read in the reading process immediately after the start of the actual radiation irradiation to the radiographic imaging apparatus increases, and the possibility of exceeding the threshold dth increases. Therefore, it is possible to prevent a line defect from appearing continuously in a plurality of adjacent scanning lines 5, or to reduce the number of scanning lines 5 in which a line defect occurs.
- the gate period is returned to the original normal gate period at least when the image data D is read out after radiographic imaging.
- the detection efficiency of the radiographic imaging apparatus 1 is improved, for example, so that line defects are prevented from appearing continuously in a plurality of adjacent scanning lines 5 or the number of scanning lines 5 that cause line defects is reduced.
- the radiation generator (not shown) that irradiates the radiation imaging apparatus 1
- the rise of the radiation dose to be irradiated is slow, and the radiation imaging apparatus 1 emits radiation.
- the image data d read by the readout process before capturing the radiation image is For example, it increases as shown in FIG. 11, and the point in time when the radiation irradiation is actually started and the point in time when the radiation imaging apparatus 1 detects that the radiation irradiation is started deviate. For this reason, even if the detection efficiency on the radiographic imaging apparatus 1 side is improved, the line defect may appear in a plurality of adjacent scanning lines 5 continuously.
- an ON voltage is sequentially applied to the lines L2, L130,... Of the scanning line 5 connected to the second terminal of each gate IC 12a, and then connected to the third terminal of each gate IC 12a.
- the ON voltage is sequentially applied to all the lines L1 to Lx of the scanning line 5 while shifting the terminal of each gate IC 12a to which the ON voltage is applied one by one, and the image data d from each radiation detecting element 7 is applied. It is also possible to perform a read process.
- the on-voltage may be sequentially applied to each of the lines L 1 to Lx of the scanning line 5 at any timing.
- the rise of the dose of the radiation irradiated from a radiation generator as mentioned above was slow, and as shown in FIG. 28, on-voltage was applied when radiation irradiation was actually started.
- the line Ln of the scanning line 5 and the line Ln + 2 of the scanning line 5 to which the on-voltage is applied next cannot be detected, and the on-voltage is applied to the line Ln + 4 of the next scanning line 5
- the scanning line 5 in which the line defect occurs is the line Ln, Ln + 2, Ln + 4 of the scanning line 5 as shown in FIG.
- the scanning lines 5 in which line defects are generated appear in a state of being separated from each other (that is, in a state of appearing in a flying manner).
- the lines Ln-1, Ln + 1, Ln + 3, and Ln + 5 of the scanning line 5 around the line defect are line Ln, Ln + 2, Ln + of the scanning line 5 as shown in FIG. Since the on-voltage is applied at a timing prior to the timing at which the on-voltage is applied to 4 and the off-voltage is surely applied at the time when radiation irradiation is started, the charge from each radiation detection element 7 is charged. Will not leak.
- the ratio is one for 128 scanning lines 5. The line defect appears.
- the detection unit P is divided into a plurality of regions.
- each signal line 6 is divided in the extending direction on the detection unit P, and the detection unit P is divided into two regions Pa and Pb. ing.
- each scanning line 5 is divided in the extending direction, and the detection unit P is divided into two regions Pc and Pd. It is divided.
- illustration is omitted, for example, on the detection unit P, each scanning line 5 and each signal line are both divided in the extending direction so that the detection unit P is divided into, for example, four regions. It is also possible to configure.
- each scanning line 5 of each region Pa, Pb is connected to each gate driver 15b via each input / output terminal 11.
- the gate driver 15b can be configured to apply an ON voltage to the scanning lines 5 in the regions Pa and Pb at independent timings.
- the on-voltage is applied from the gate driver 15b corresponding to one area Pa to each scanning line 5 in the area Pa in the reading process of the image data d before radiographic image capturing.
- the readout processing is performed by sequentially applying the on-voltage to each scanning line 5 so as not to coincide with the timing for applying the on-voltage from the gate driver 15b corresponding to the other area Pb to each scanning line 5 in the other area Pb.
- the detection unit P is divided into two areas Pa and Pb as shown in FIG. 31, and the lines L1 and L1 are respectively applied to the lines L of the scanning line 5 from the gate driver 15b corresponding to the area Pa.
- the ON voltage is sequentially applied in the order of L2, L3,..., And the ON voltage is sequentially applied to each line L of the scanning line 5 from the gate driver 15b corresponding to the region Pb in the order of the lines Lx, Lx-1, Lx-2,.
- the on-voltage is applied in the order of the lines L1, L2,..., Lx-1, Lx of the scanning line 5 as in the case of the above model configuration, for example, the on-voltage is applied to the line L1 of the scanning line 5. If the start of radiation irradiation is not detected at the timing of applying, it is determined whether or not the radiation irradiation has been started until the readout process performed by applying the ON voltage to the line L2 of the next scanning line 5. I can't. This is the same even when an on-voltage is applied as shown in FIG.
- the timing for applying the ON voltage from the gate drivers 15b corresponding to the regions Pa and Pb to the scanning lines 5 of the regions Pa and Pb should not be the same.
- control means 22 is based on the image data d read out in the image data d reading process that is repeatedly performed before radiographic imaging, that is, the image data d exceeds the threshold value dth. Each process after determining and detecting the start of radiation irradiation will be described.
- the charge accumulation mode for example, after waiting for a predetermined time set in advance longer than the irradiation time of radiation, it is possible to shift to a process of reading image data D after radiographic imaging. is there.
- the end of radiation irradiation can be detected by configuring as follows.
- the charge q slightly leaks from each radiation detection element 7 via the TFT 8.
- the radiation image capturing apparatus 1 is irradiated with radiation, the radiation is converted into electromagnetic waves by the scintillator 3, and this electromagnetic wave is irradiated to each TFT 8, the leaked charge q increases. Then, when radiation irradiation to the radiation image capturing apparatus 1 is completed, the leaked charge q returns to the original small value.
- each readout circuit 17 is operated as shown in FIG. 33 in a state where an off voltage is applied to all the lines L1 to Lx of the scanning line 5. That is, as in the case of the image data d reading process, the charge reset switch 18c (see FIG. 8) of the amplifier circuit 18 of the reading circuit 17 is turned off and the charge is stored in the capacitor 18b. 22, the pulse signals Sp1 and Sp2 are transmitted to the correlated double sampling circuit 19 to perform sampling, but the on / off operation of each TFT 8 is not performed during that time.
- each readout circuit 17 When each readout circuit 17 is operated in this way, as shown in FIG. 34, each charge q leaked from each radiation detection element 7 through each TFT 8 turned off is accumulated in the capacitor 18b of the amplifier circuit 18. Is done. Therefore, a voltage value corresponding to the accumulated charge, that is, the total value of the charge q leaked from each radiation detection element 7 is output from the amplifier circuit 18, and the correlation double sampling circuit 19, not shown in FIG. It is sampled and data is output.
- leak data Dleak in the sense of data based on the charge q leaked from each radiation detection element 7.
- the voltage applied to all the lines L1 to Lx of the scanning line 5 is switched to the off voltage. Then, the read operation by each read circuit 17 is continued, and the leak data Dleak is read.
- the radiation imaging apparatus 1 is irradiated with radiation, and the charge q leaked from each radiation detection element 7 via the TFT 8 is increasing. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 35, the value of the leaked data Dleak to be read is large.
- control means 22 is configured to monitor the value of the leak data Dleak and determine that the radiation irradiation has ended when the value of the leak data Dleak becomes equal to or less than a preset threshold value Dleak_th. Is possible.
- the radiation image capturing apparatus 1 itself is configured to detect the end of radiation irradiation, the image data D reading process can be started immediately after the end of radiation irradiation is detected. Thus, it is possible to quickly perform the processing after the reading processing of the image data D.
- a preview image is created before full-scale image processing is performed on the image data D by an external computer or the like to generate a diagnostic radiographic image.
- Display, and a radiographer or the like looks at the preview image and confirms whether or not the subject is photographed on the radiation image and whether or not the subject is photographed at an appropriate position on the radiation image. Often done.
- the reading process of the image data D can be started immediately after the radiation irradiation is completed, so that the preview image can be displayed promptly, and the radiologist can quickly.
- the readout operation by the readout circuit 17 is stopped and the system waits for a predetermined time as in the case of normal radiographic imaging. For example, there is an advantage that it is not necessary to read out the leak data Dleak in the charge accumulation mode, and the power consumption of the radiation image capturing apparatus 1 can be suppressed. Further, since the off voltage is applied to all the lines L1 to Lx of the scanning line 5 and the differential of each readout circuit 17 is stopped, there is an advantage that the control configuration is simplified.
- FIG. 35 shows a case where the leak data reading process is continued to read out the leak data Dleak even after the end of radiation irradiation is detected at time t2, but this is only due to radiation exposure.
- This is an experimental example for showing how the data Dleak changes. Actually, when the end of radiation irradiation is detected at time t2, the leakage data reading process is stopped and the reading process of the image data D is immediately performed. Is started.
- the scanning drive unit 15 and the reading circuit 17 are operated as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, and the read image data d is sequentially stored in the storage unit 40 (see FIG. 7 and the like). Saved.
- FIG. 13 shows the case where the readout process is performed by sequentially applying the on-voltage in order from the first line L1 of the scanning line 5 in the readout process of the image data D.
- the line Ln of the scanning line 5 next to the scanning line 5 (in the case of FIG. 36, the line Ln of the scanning line 5) that has detected the start of radiation irradiation in the reading process of the image data d before the radiographic image capturing.
- the ON voltage sequentially from the scanning line 5 to which the ON voltage is to be applied (in the case of FIG. 36, the line Ln + 1 of the scanning line 5).
- This configuration has an advantage that the reading process of the image data d before the radiographic image capturing and the reading process of the image data D after the radiographic image capturing can be performed in the same processing sequence. In addition, there are other advantageous effects, which will be described in the fourth embodiment.
- the on-voltage is sequentially applied to each scanning line 5 from before radiographic image capturing to perform the read processing of the image data d, and the read image data d Based on this value, it is detected that the radiation imaging apparatus 1 has started irradiation with radiation. Therefore, it is possible to detect the start of radiation irradiation by the radiographic imaging device 1 itself.
- the on-time in the reading process of the image data d before the radiographic image capturing is set longer than the on-time in the reading process of the image data D as the main image after the radiographic image capturing.
- the number of scanning lines 5 that cause a line defect is reduced to one, or the number of scanning lines 5 that cause a line defect is accurately reduced. Even if the data D is used for restoration, it is possible to accurately avoid, for example, the loss of information on the lesion of the patient that has been imaged in the line defect portion. Then, since the information on the lesion part appears in the radiographic image generated based on the image data D, the generated radiographic image can be accurately used for medical diagnosis and the like.
- the radiation imaging apparatus 1 starts irradiation with radiation when the image data d read by applying the on-voltage to a line Ln with the scanning line 5 exceeds the threshold value dth.
- the irradiation of radiation is actually started from the external radiation generation apparatus (not shown) to the radiographic imaging apparatus 1, and the read image data d
- the radiographic imaging device 1 cannot recognize that radiation irradiation has actually started.
- the radiation image capturing apparatus 1 itself cannot detect when radiation irradiation has actually started. Then, during the period from when radiation irradiation is actually started to when it is detected that radiation irradiation has started, an ON voltage is applied to the number of scanning lines 5 and image data d is read out. That is, the radiographic imaging device 1 itself cannot grasp which scanning line 5 should be a line defect.
- the number of scanning lines 5 to be line defects can be set in advance.
- the number of scanning lines 5 to be a line defect is set to 1 in advance, and it is detected that radiation irradiation has started. Even if only the scanning line 5 to which the on-voltage is applied at the time is configured as a line defect, no problem actually occurs.
- the scanning line 5 to be a line defect can be determined in accordance with the imaging conditions.
- the image processing is performed by an external apparatus such as an image processing computer (or the radiographic image capturing apparatus 1 when the radiographic image capturing apparatus 1 performs image processing).
- an external apparatus such as an image processing computer (or the radiographic image capturing apparatus 1 when the radiographic image capturing apparatus 1 performs image processing).
- the number of scanning lines 5 including the line Ln of the scanning line 5 where the radiation image capturing apparatus 1 has detected the start of radiation irradiation is regarded as a line defect. It can also be configured to determine what to do.
- the transition of the value of the image data d sequentially read from each radiation detection element 7 connected to each line L1 to Lx of the scanning line (for example, see FIG. 11 and FIG. 25, etc.), and it is possible to determine the scanning line 5 to be a line defect by determining the time point when radiation irradiation is actually started from the radiation generator. is there.
- the image data d that changes as shown in FIG. the three scanning lines 5 including the scanning line 5 that has detected the start of radiation irradiation at time t1 are regarded as line defects. Further, when the image data d that transitions as shown in FIG. 25 is analyzed, only the scanning line 5 that has detected the start of radiation irradiation at the time t1 is regarded as a line defect.
- the image data that is the main image read out in the readout process after radiographic imaging It is also possible to analyze D and determine the number of scanning lines 5 to be line defects.
- each line Ln-2 to Ln of the scanning line 5 should be a line defect. It turns out that it is.
- the scanning line 5 to be a line defect is, for example, only the scanning line 5 to which the on-voltage is applied when it is detected that radiation irradiation is started, or depending on the imaging conditions. Or by analyzing the image data d and the image data D.
- the image data D of the line defect portion can be invalidated as having low reliability, and can be discarded.
- line defects are generated in one or two scanning lines 5 and appear in the state shown in FIGS. 79 and 80.
- an on-voltage is applied to each scanning line 5 as shown in FIG. 27, for example, in the reading process of the image data d before radiographic image capturing, as shown in FIG. It will appear.
- the image data D of the line defect portion is discarded as described above, for example, the image data D discarded by the technique such as linear interpolation using the surrounding image data D is used. Can be configured to repair.
- the image data D of 7 is restored.
- the line defects of the scanning line 5 of the line Ln are lines Ln-1 and Ln + 1 of the scanning line 5
- the line defect of the line Ln + 2 of the scanning line 5 is, for example, the line Ln of the scanning line 5.
- the line defects of the line Ln + 4 of the +1, Ln + 3 and the scanning line 5 can be repaired by using, for example, the lines Ln + 3 and Ln + 5 of the scanning line 5, respectively.
- the image data d is read out by the reading process before radiographic imaging, so that the image data D that is the main image is restored using the image data d. It is also possible to configure. In this case, the image data D read from each radiation detection element 7 connected to the scanning line 5 determined as a line defect is not discarded.
- the offset due to the dark charge is superimposed on both the image data D and the image data d, these values are subtracted and added together.
- the offset superimposed on the image data D is also called an offset correction value O, and will be described in detail in a second embodiment to be described later.
- true image data D * data included in the image data D, which is caused only by the charges generated in each radiation detection element 7 due to radiation irradiation, that is, data not including dark charge.
- the true image data D * is obtained for each radiation detection element 7.
- D * DO (1) It is calculated by performing the operation.
- the image data d read out by the readout process repeatedly performed before radiographic image capturing is performed.
- the image data d read out before the start of radiation irradiation does not include the charge generated by the radiation irradiation, and is data that originates only from the dark charge. Can be used.
- an offset correction value o for the image data d an image read from the start of radiation irradiation until the start of radiation irradiation is detected in the readout process before radiographic image capturing.
- the offset correction value o for the image data d can also be configured in advance through experiments or the like.
- the above-described radiation irradiation is included in the image data d read from the start of radiation irradiation until the start of radiation irradiation is detected. Is connected to the signal line 6 to which the radiation detection element 7 is connected by irradiation of radiation in addition to data resulting from only the charge generated in each radiation detection element 7 and data resulting from dark charge. The increase in the charge q leaked from the other radiation detection elements 7 is also included.
- the true image data d * is calculated by subtracting the offset correction value o from the image data d according to the above equation (2), the true image data d * is a part of the true image data D * described above. It is not a value of itself, but is a value obtained by adding an increase due to the irradiation of the charge q leaked from the other radiation detection element 7 described above.
- the configuration in which the true image data D * and the true image data d * are simply added ignores the increase due to the radiation of the charge q leaking from the other radiation detection element 7. In the first place, however, the number of line defects generated in this embodiment can be suppressed to a very small number, so that the true image data D * can be restored relatively well also by this method. .
- the coefficient can be a coefficient whose value changes according to the dose per unit time of the radiation irradiated to the radiation image capturing apparatus 1, that is, the dose rate, for example. Also, the coefficient can be set to a constant value and is set as appropriate. With this configuration, it is possible to more accurately restore the true image data D * of each radiation detection element 7 by eliminating the influence of the phenomenon that occurs while the radiation is being applied.
- the process is until the reading process of the image data d before radiographic imaging, the transition to the charge accumulation mode after detection of the start of radiation irradiation, and the readout process of the image data D after radiographic imaging.
- Each process has been described.
- the offset correction value O is also referred to as a dark read value, and is the charge generated and accumulated in each radiation detection element 7 by irradiation of radiation while the TFT 8 is in the OFF state after shifting to the charge accumulation mode.
- dark charges and the like generated by thermal excitation by the heat (temperature) of the radiation detection element 7 itself correspond to data accumulated in each radiation detection element 7 and correspond to an offset of the image data D.
- the offset correction value O that is, how much offset is included in the image data D cannot be determined by just looking at the value of the image data D, a separate process for obtaining the offset correction value O Is required. Therefore, usually, before or after radiographic imaging, the radiographic imaging apparatus 1 is not irradiated with radiation, and the radiographic imaging apparatus 1 is left in a state where each TFT 8 is turned off, and then the image data D is read out.
- the offset correction value O is acquired for each radiation detection element 7 by reading out dark charges and the like accumulated from each radiation detection element 7 in the same manner as described above.
- the offset correction value O is subtracted from each image data D as shown in the above equation (1), and only the charges generated by the radiation irradiation are obtained.
- the true image data D * derived from is calculated, and a radiation image is generated based on the true image data D * .
- the true image data D * obtained by subtracting the offset correction value O from each image data D is not a normal value, and is generated based on it.
- the radiographic image becomes abnormal or the image quality deteriorates.
- the process of reading the offset correction value O from each radiation detection element 7 is performed in the same manner as the reading process of the image data D shown in FIG. 9 and FIG. This is called offset correction value reading processing.
- the offset correction value O corresponds to the charge (dark charge) generated and accumulated in the radiation detection element 7 while each TFT 8 is in the OFF state as described above, but more accurately.
- the radiation is Corresponding to the electric charge generated and accumulated in the radiation detection element 7 until the on-voltage applied to the line Ln of the scanning line 5 is switched to the off-voltage in the reading process of the image data D after the image is taken. It is.
- the on-voltage applied to the line Ln with the scanning line 5 is switched to the off-voltage in the reading process of the image data d before radiographic imaging as described above.
- the time interval until the on voltage applied to the line Ln of the scanning line 5 is switched to the off voltage in the reading process of the image data D after radiographic imaging is referred to as an effective accumulation time.
- the effective accumulation time depends on the processing sequence in the reading process of the image data d before the radiographic image capturing and the processing sequence in the reading process of the image data D after the radiographic image capturing. In some cases, the same time interval is used, and the time interval is different.
- the same on-time and the same gate in the readout process of the image data d before radiographic imaging as in the readout process of the image data D after radiographic imaging are applied to each line L1 to Lx of the scanning line 5 at a period.
- at least the lines L1 to Ln + 2 of the scanning line 5 have the same effective accumulation time, and each line Ln + 3 to Lx of the scanning line 5 is the same.
- the effective accumulation time has a different length, but the effective accumulation times are the same for the lines Ln + 3 to Lx of the scanning line 5.
- the on-time is longer than in the case of the readout process of the image data D after radiographic imaging, or in FIG.
- the gate period is longer than that in the case of the reading process of the image data D after radiographic imaging, the effective accumulation times in the lines L1 to Lx of the scanning line 5 are different time intervals.
- FIG. 38 which is a simplified view of FIG. 13
- the effective accumulation times T1 to T4 of the TFT 8 in the lines L1 to L4 of the scanning line 5 are different for each scanning line 5. It becomes a time interval.
- FIG. 36 which shows a case where the reading order in the image data D after radiographic imaging is changed in FIG. 13, as shown in FIG. 39 which is a simplified view of FIG.
- the effective accumulation times T1 to T4 of the TFT 8 in L4 are different time intervals for each scanning line 5.
- the offset correction value O does not necessarily increase linearly (that is, proportionally) to the effective accumulation time of the TFT 8. This is considered to be because the generation rate of dark charges generated in each radiation detection element 7 when the radiation imaging apparatus 1 is left without irradiation with radiation as described above is non-linear with respect to time changes. .
- the offset correction value O is the same value if the effective storage time of the TFT 8 is the same.
- the process for obtaining the offset correction value O can be configured as in the following configuration examples.
- the offset correction value O does not increase in a form proportional to the effective accumulation time of the TFT 8, but becomes the same value if the effective accumulation time of the TFT 8 is the same. Therefore, for example, as described below, the effective accumulation time of the TFT 8 for each line L of the scanning line 5 is configured to be the same effective accumulation time in the reading process of the image data D and the offset correction value reading process. be able to.
- an on-voltage is sequentially applied to each of the lines L1 to L4 of the scanning line 5 to read out image data d before radiographic imaging and image data D after radiographic imaging.
- the case where the reading process is performed will be described, but the case of other configurations will be described in the same manner.
- each line L1 of the scanning line 5 is composed of each of the lines L1 to L4
- the following description is based on each line L1 of the scanning line 5 as shown in FIG. Needless to say, it can be generalized when several to tens of thousands of Lx are provided.
- the shift to the charge accumulation mode, and the readout process of the image data D after radiographic imaging is switched between the on voltage and the off voltage, and the reading circuit 17 sequentially performs the reading operation.
- the image data d can be read, transferred to the charge accumulation mode (but not irradiated with radiation), and offset correction value reading can be performed.
- the same processing sequence as the processing sequence until the image data D is read (that is, the reading processing of the image data d, the transition to the charge accumulation mode, and the reading processing of the image data D) is performed on the image data D.
- the offset correction value O is read repeatedly after the reading process.
- the control unit 22 is the first embodiment.
- the image data d as described in the above is not monitored.
- a reset process of each radiation detection element 7 may be performed. When the reset processing of each radiation detection element 7 is performed, the on-time and the gate period are the same as those in the reading process of the image data d.
- the offset correction value O is read out in the same processing sequence as that when reading out the image data D. Therefore, as described above, the TFT 8 for each line L1 to L4 of the scanning line. Even when the effective storage times T1 to T4 are different from each other, when viewed for each of the scanning lines L1 to L4, the effective storage time of the TFT 8 when reading the image data D and the offset thereafter The effective accumulation time of the TFT 8 when reading the correction value O is the same time interval.
- the read image data D And the offset correction value O read in the offset correction value reading process are the same value.
- the offset correction value O read from the detection element 7 becomes the same value.
- the offset correction value O read in the offset correction value read process is subtracted from each read image data D, so that only the charges generated by the radiation irradiation are obtained. It is possible to accurately calculate the derived true image data D * for each radiation detection element 7. A radiographic image can be accurately generated based on the true image data D * .
- the reset process in this case does not need to be performed with the same on-time and gate cycle as in the case of the image data d read-out process.
- the reset process can be configured to be repeated at a high speed with a short on-time or gate period. It is.
- the second image data d read process or the reset process of each radiation detection element 7 performed with the same on-time and gate period as the image data d read process.
- an offset correction value reading process is performed.
- the processing sequence immediately before the offset correction value reading processing may be the same processing sequence as the processing sequence until the image data D is read, and appropriate processing such as reset processing of each radiation detection element 7 is performed in the meantime. It can be configured as follows.
- control unit 22 sequentially stores the image data D read from each radiation detection element 7 in the reading process of the image data D in the storage unit 40 (see FIG. 7 and the like), and In the case where another shooting is not performed subsequently, the same processing sequence is automatically repeated to perform an offset correction value reading process, and the read offset correction value O is sequentially stored in the storage unit 40.
- each image data D and each offset correction value O are sequentially read from the storage means 40 at an appropriate timing, and the image data is subjected to image processing via the antenna device 39 (see FIGS. 1 and 7, etc.). Configured to transmit to an external computer or the like. It is also possible for the control means 22 to perform a subtraction process for subtracting the offset correction value O from each image data D by itself.
- the time interval from the reading process of the image data d before the radiographic image capturing to the reading process of the image data D after the radiographic image capturing (that is, the TFT 8)
- the offset correction value reading process is performed so that the effective accumulation times T1 to T4) and the time interval (effective accumulation time) from the reading process of the image data D to the offset correction value reading process are the same.
- the reset processing of each radiation detection element 7 is once performed, and then from the reset processing of each radiation detection element 7 to the offset correction value readout processing.
- the offset correction value readout process is performed so that the time interval is the same as the time interval from the readout process of the image data d before radiographic imaging to the readout process of the image data D after radiographic imaging. It is also possible to do.
- the effective accumulation times T1 to T4 of the TFT 8 until the process of reading the image data D and the effective accumulation times T1 to T4 of the TFT 8 until the offset correction value reading process are the same time interval.
- the offset included in the image data D and the offset correction value O read by the offset correction value reading process have the same value.
- the true image data D * derived only from the charges generated by the radiation irradiation is obtained for each radiation. It is possible to calculate accurately for each detection element 7. A radiographic image can be accurately generated based on the true image data D * .
- the scanning driving unit 15 is in the same timing as the reading process of the image data D without being irradiated with radiation. It is also possible to perform an offset correction value reading process by sequentially applying an ON voltage to each of the lines L1 to L4 of the scanning line 5. In this case, it is also possible to perform a reset process of each radiation detection element 7 once after the reading process of the image data D is completed, and then perform an offset correction value reading process.
- the time interval from the reading process of the image data D to the offset correction value reading process (that is, the effective accumulation time of the TFT 8) is the same time interval Ta for all the lines L1 to L4 of the scanning line 5. Therefore, in this case, the effective accumulation time T1 to T4 of the TFT 8 for each line L1 to L4 of the scanning line 5 from the reading process of the image data d before radiographic image capturing to the read process of the image data D after radiographic image capturing
- the time interval Ta from the reading process of the image data D to the offset correction value reading process is not the same time interval.
- the table and the relational expression are stored in advance in an external computer or the like that performs image processing based on the image data D and the offset correction value O transmitted from the radiation image capturing apparatus 1.
- the experiment is performed in a state where the temperature of each functional unit, the substrate 4 and the like is stabilized by energizing each functional unit including the readout circuit 17 of the radiographic imaging device 1 for a long time, for example. .
- an offset amount included in the image data D read from each radiation detection element 7 connected to the line L1 of the scanning line 5 in the reading process of the image data D (hereinafter referred to as an offset amount O1).
- the computer or the like first reads the offset correction value O1 * (see FIG. 43) as a reference corresponding to the effective accumulation time T1 with reference to the above table or according to the above relational expression. Or calculate.
- the set reference offset correction value O1 * cannot be used as the offset O1 as it is.
- the offset correction value Oa * serving as a reference in the effective accumulation time Ta is obtained, and the ratio between the offset correction value O1 * serving as the reference and the offset amount O1 is the reference.
- Is equal to the ratio of the offset correction value Oa * and the offset correction value O read in the offset correction value reading process, that is, O1 * : O1 Oa * : O (3)
- the offset O1 is calculated from the read offset correction value O according to the following equation (4) derived from the equation (3).
- O1 O ⁇ O1 * / Oa * (4)
- the same processing is performed for the lines L2 to L4 of the scanning line 5, and the image read from each radiation detection element 7 connected to the lines L2 to L4 of the scanning line 5 by the reading process of the image data D is performed.
- the offset included in the data D that is, offsets O2 to O4
- the offset is derived only from the charges generated by the radiation irradiation. It is possible to accurately calculate the true image data D * for each radiation detection element 7.
- each of the configurations A to C described above a case has been described in which the processing for acquiring the offset correction value O including the offset correction value reading processing is performed only once after the reading processing of the image data D.
- the process for obtaining the offset correction value O is configured to be performed a plurality of times. Each offset correction value O obtained in each process is averaged for each radiation detection element 7, and the average value is calculated for each radiation detection element 7.
- Each offset correction value O can also be used.
- the offset correction value O for each radiation detection element 7 is provided in advance, and the offset correction value O is determined with reference to them. It is also possible to configure as described above.
- the effective accumulation time of the TFT 8 of each scanning line 5 depends on the position of the scanning line 5 to which the on-voltage is applied when it is detected that radiation irradiation is started. We must consider that changes.
- the image data d read by applying an ON voltage to the line L2 of the scanning line 5 is read. Based on this, when it is detected that radiation irradiation has started, the effective storage time T2 of the TFTs 8 of the lines L1 to L4 of the scanning line 5 is the shortest, and the effective storage time T3 is the shortest. become longer.
- each line L1 to L1 of the scanning line 5 is detected.
- the effective accumulation time T1 to T4 of the TFT 8 of L4 has the shortest effective accumulation time T3 and the longest effective accumulation time T4.
- an ON voltage is applied to the effective accumulation times T1 to Tx of the TFTs 8 in the lines L1 to Lx of the scanning line 5 when it is detected that radiation irradiation is started.
- the scanning line 5 changes depending on which scanning line 5 it is.
- the effective accumulation times T1 to Tx change, for example, as shown in FIG. 43, the offset correction value O of each radiation detection element 7 also changes.
- each offset correction value O (m, n) when the irradiation start is detected when the on-voltage is applied to is acquired a plurality of times, for example, each radiation of the offset correction value O (m, n).
- the average value for each detection element is preferably configured to be the offset correction value O (m, n) of the radiation detection element (m, n).
- offset images po are created for all the scanning lines 5 while changing the scanning lines 5 to which the on-voltage was applied when the start of radiation irradiation was detected. Then, as shown in FIG. 45, a group of offset images po created for each scanning line 5 is stored in advance in the storage means 40 (see FIG. 7 and the like).
- control unit 22 starts irradiating the radiographic imaging apparatus 1 with radiation as described above based on the value of the image data d read out in the readout process before radiographic imaging.
- the line Ln of the scanning line 5 to which the on-voltage is applied at the time when it is detected is detected, and the line number (n in this case) is stored.
- each offset correction value O (m, n) assigned to each radiation detection element (m, n) is determined from the offset image po, and each offset correction value O (m, n) is calculated.
- the offset correction values O (m, n) for the radiation detection elements (m, n) can be determined respectively.
- the offset correction value O can change depending on the temperature of the substrate 4 (see FIG. 3 and the like) of the radiographic imaging apparatus 1.
- the radiographic image capturing apparatus 1 is a so-called dedicated type radiographic image capturing apparatus formed integrally with a support base (not shown) or the like, for example, power is always supplied to the radiographic image capturing apparatus 1. It can be configured so that it can always be photographed. In that case, since the temperature of the substrate 4 of the radiographic image capturing apparatus 1 is maintained at a substantially constant temperature, when the offset image po is created in advance under the same temperature condition, as described above.
- the offset correction value O (m, n) assigned to the offset image po can be used as it is as the offset correction value O (m, n) for each radiation detection element (m, n).
- the portable radiographic imaging apparatus 1 as shown in the first embodiment, if power is always supplied from the battery 41 (see FIG. 7), the power consumption of the battery 41 becomes severe. As a result, the camera is constantly forced to be charged, resulting in a decrease in shooting efficiency.
- a radiographic imaging apparatus 1 with a built-in battery it is possible to switch to a power saving mode (also referred to as a sleep mode) in which power is supplied only to a necessary functional unit in cases other than radiographic imaging. It is often configured as such. In order to suppress power consumption as much as possible, the power saving mode is often used until just before radiographic imaging.
- a power saving mode also referred to as a sleep mode
- the offset correction value O assigned to the offset image po may not be used as it is.
- the offset correction value O assigned to the offset image po can be corrected accordingly.
- the average value (or total value) of the image data d read from the radiation detection elements 7 connected to the signal line 6 at the position C1 is the same.
- each image data d read from each radiation detection element 7 connected to the signal line 6 is also calculated at the time of actual radiographic image capturing.
- each offset correction value O (m, n) for each radiation detection element (m, n) for example, an average value of each image data calculated at the time of actual radiographic image capturing is used to create an offset image po.
- An offset correction value of each radiation detection element 7 in the current radiographic image capturing is obtained by multiplying each calculated offset correction value O (m, n) by a ratio calculated by dividing the average value of each image data at the time. O (m, n) can be calculated and determined.
- each offset correction value O (m, n) obtained by calculating the ratio calculated as described above for example, an offset image is obtained from an average value of each image data calculated at the time of actual radiographic image capturing. The difference calculated by subtracting the average value of each image data at the time of creation of po is added to each calculated offset correction value O (m, n), and each radiation detection element 7 in the current radiographic image capturing is added.
- the offset correction value O (m, n) may be calculated and determined.
- each offset correction value O (m, n) assigned to each radiation detection element (m, n) in the offset image po is obtained from the information of the image data d at the time of creating the offset image po, It is possible to make corrections based on the information of the image data d read out at the time of imaging this time and to determine the offset correction values O (m, n) for the respective radiation detection elements (m, n). Become.
- each radiation detection element 7 is configured such that a light shielding plate (not shown) is interposed between each radiation detection element 7 connected to one or a plurality of signal lines 6 and the scintillator 3. Can be brought into a state in which no charge is generated by irradiation of radiation even when the radiation imaging apparatus 1 is irradiated with radiation.
- each offset correction value O (m) assigned to each radiation detection element (m, n) in the offset image po in the same manner as described above. , N) may be modified.
- the reading process of the image data d is repeatedly performed before the radiographic imaging, and before the irradiation of the radiographic imaging apparatus 1 is started.
- the read image data d is data resulting from dark charges.
- the offset correction value O (m, n) assigned to each radiation detection element (m, n) in the offset image po is corrected using the image data d resulting from the dark charge. It is also possible to do.
- the reading process of the image data d before the radiographic image capturing is repeatedly performed, for example, all the radiation detection elements 7 on the detection unit P or the predetermined range.
- the average value (or total value) of the image data d read from each of the radiation detection elements 7 is calculated as information of the image data d.
- the radiation detection elements 7 in the same range as when the offset image po is created by the reading process of the image data d before the radiation irradiation to the radiographic imaging device 1 is started.
- the average value of each image data d read out from is calculated.
- the ratio and difference between the average values are calculated, and the offset correction value O (m, n) of each radiation detection element 7 in the current radiographic image capturing is calculated and determined.
- each offset correction value O (m, n) assigned to each radiation detection element (m, n) in the offset image po is used as information on the image data d at the time of creating the offset image po.
- the correction is made based on the information of the image data d read out at the time of the current photographing, and each offset correction value O (m, n) is determined for each radiation detection element (m, n).
- the image data D which is the main image, is transmitted to an external computer or the like to perform diagnostic radiation. Processing for generating an image or creating and displaying a preview image can be performed more quickly.
- offset correction for each radiation detection element 7 is performed without performing the offset correction value reading process after radiographic imaging or without providing the offset image po in advance as described above.
- the value O can be obtained.
- each scanning line 5 is scanned with the same on-time and the same gate period as in the reading process of the image data D after radiographic imaging. Since the on-voltage is applied to the lines L1 to Lx, as described in [Premise 2] of the second embodiment, at least the lines L1 to Ln + 2 of the scanning line 5 have the same effective accumulation time, The lines Ln + 3 to Lx of the scanning line 5 have different effective storage times, but the lines Ln + 3 to Lx of the scanning line 5 have the same effective storage time.
- an on-voltage is sequentially applied to each of the lines L1 to Lx of the scanning line 5, and the final line Lx of the scanning line 5 is applied.
- the description has been made on the assumption that the on-voltage is immediately applied to the first line L1 of the scanning line 5 at the next timing after the on-voltage is applied, and the readout process for each frame is repeated.
- the effective accumulation time of the TFT 8 is the same for all the lines L1 to Lx of the scanning line 5, but is shorter than the effective accumulation time of the TFT 8 in the case shown in FIG. 46 by the charge accumulation mode. ing.
- the first line L1 of the scanning line 5 is immediately at the next timing when the ON voltage is applied to the final line Lx of the scanning line 5.
- the off voltage is applied to all the lines L1 to Lx of the scanning line 5 in the charge accumulation mode.
- the off-voltage is applied to all the lines L1 to Lx of the scanning line 5 for the same period as the application period, and then the reading process of the image data d of the next frame is started, so that the image data d for each frame is started. 46 is repeatedly performed, the effective accumulation time of the TFT 8 in the reading process of the image data d before radiographic imaging is shown in FIG. And the effective accumulation time of TFT8 during radiographic imaging can be the same time.
- the image data d resulting from the dark charge is read out as the image data d read out in the frame before the start of radiation irradiation.
- This image data d can be used as the offset correction value O for each radiation detection element 7.
- the image data d for several frames before the start of radiation irradiation that is, the offset correction value O is acquired, for example, an average value of the plurality of offset correction values O is calculated, and the calculated offset is calculated.
- the average value of the correction values O may be used as the offset correction value O for each radiation detection element 7.
- the above-described processing has been described on the assumption that the control unit 22 of the radiographic image capturing apparatus 1 performs the above processing.
- the image data D and the image data d from the radiographic image capturing apparatus 1 are necessary. It is also possible to transmit such data to an external radiographic image processing apparatus (not shown) that performs image processing on the image data D, and to perform the processing by the radiographic image processing apparatus.
- the information of the group of offset images po regarding the radiographic imaging device 1 is used as the radiographic image. It is configured to be stored in advance in storage means (not shown) of the processing apparatus.
- the scanning line 5 to which the on-voltage is applied when it is detected that radiation irradiation to the radiographic imaging apparatus 1 is started.
- Necessary information such as information on the line Ln (that is, information such as the line number n of the scanning line 5) is appropriately transmitted from the radiographic image capturing apparatus 1 to the radiographic image processing apparatus.
- the image data D is read from each radiation detection element 7 and then offset as described above.
- the correction value O is read out, not only the offset due to the dark charge generated by the thermal excitation by the heat (temperature) of the radiation detecting element 7 itself as described above but also a so-called lag other than that. It has been found that the offset may be read out.
- the offset due to dark charges or the like is relatively easily removed by repeating the reset process of each radiation detection element 7, for example, but the offset due to the lag repeats the reset process of each radiation detection element 7. There is a feature that even if it goes, it does not disappear easily.
- the offset due to the dark charge or the like decreases to a value close to 0 relatively quickly when the reset processing of each radiation detection element 7 is repeated.
- the offset due to the lag cannot be easily removed even if the reset process of each radiation detection element 7 is repeated, and the offset after the radiation imaging apparatus 1 is left in a state where no radiation is irradiated even if the reset process is repeated.
- an offset correction value O having a larger value than that in the case of only the offset due to dark charge or the like is read.
- the reason why the offset due to the lag cannot be easily removed even if the reset processing of each radiation detection element is repeated is that some of the electrons and holes generated in the radiation detection element 7 due to irradiation of strong radiation are a kind of This is considered to be because the state of shifting to the metastable energy level (metastable state) and losing mobility in the radiation detection element 7 is maintained for a relatively long time. Therefore, for example, even if the reset process of each radiation detection element 7 is repeated after radiographic imaging, the offset due to the lag cannot be easily removed.
- the offset due to the lag is superimposed on the offset due to dark charge etc. It is considered to be read as an offset correction value O.
- Olag the offset due to the lag
- the offset Olag due to this lag occurs not only when strong radiation is irradiated, but also when a normal dose of radiation including weak radiation is irradiated. However, when radiation that is not so strong is irradiated, the ratio of the offset Olag due to the lag included in the offset correction value O is often small enough to be ignored.
- the radiation detection element 7 such as a photodiode used in the radiographic image capturing apparatus 1 that the offset amount Olag due to the lag increases to a level that cannot be ignored when the radiation is irradiated. Therefore, how much dose of radiation is used in the method of the fourth embodiment described below is appropriately determined for each radiographic imaging apparatus 1. It is also possible to always perform the reading process of the image data D and the offset correction value reading process by the method of the fourth embodiment.
- the ON voltage is sequentially applied to each line Ln of the scanning line 5 as shown in FIG.
- the offset Olag due to the lag occurs immediately after the voltage applied to each line Ln of the scanning line 5 is switched from the on voltage to the off voltage.
- the offset Olag due to the lag generated per unit time is expressed as ⁇ Olag
- the offset ⁇ Olag due to the lag per unit time is the voltage applied to each line Ln of the scanning line 5 as shown in FIG. Is largest at the time when the on-voltage is switched to the off-voltage, and then gradually decreases. Therefore, the offset amount Olag due to the lag, which can be expressed as an integral value per unit time of the offset amount ⁇ Olag per unit time, becomes a value that increases temporally as shown in FIG.
- the finally obtained image data for each radiation detection element 7 should have the same value.
- the abnormality of the radiation detection element 7 and the offset for each readout circuit 17 are not considered.
- the true image data D * derived from the charges generated in each radiation detection element 7 due to radiation irradiation have the same value.
- the effective accumulation time T1 to T4 of the TFT 8 is different for each line L1 to L4 of the scan line 5, so that the scan line 5
- the values of offsets Olag (1) to Olag (4) due to the lag for each of the lines L1 to L4 are different from each other.
- D * in the above equation (7) is the same value, but Olag is different for each of the lines L1 to L4 of the scanning line 5. Therefore, the value D-O calculated by subtracting the offset correction value O from the image data D also becomes a different value for each of the lines L1 to L4 of the scanning line 5.
- the entire radiographic image should have the same brightness (luminance) because the radiographic image capturing apparatus 1 is imaged with uniform irradiation with strong radiation. Nevertheless, the brightness of the radiation image is slightly different in each region of the image.
- each of the lines L1 to L4 (scanning) of the scanning line 5 in the reading process of the image data D after radiographic imaging is performed.
- the timing at which the ON voltage is sequentially applied is varied, and the TFT 8 is effective for all the lines L1 to L4 of the scanning line 5.
- the accumulation times T1 to T4 can be varied so as to be the same time interval Tc.
- the processing sequence until the image data D is read, and the offset correction value O after the reading processing of the image data D are read.
- the processing sequence is the same processing sequence, or as in [Configuration B]
- the offset correction value reading process is performed so that the effective accumulation times T1 to T4 of the TFT 8 until the correction value reading process are the same, the effective accumulation times T1 to T4 of the TFT 8 before and after the reading process of the image data D are all the same.
- the time interval Tc is reached.
- the entire radiographic image has the same brightness when the radiographic imaging device 1 is imaged by irradiating strong radiation uniformly. . In this way, it is possible to prevent a step in the brightness on the radiation image as described above.
- the time interval Ta (see FIG. 42) from the reading process of the image data D to the offset correction value reading process is the same as the time interval Tc.
- the interval By setting the interval, it is possible to achieve the same effect as described above.
- the effective accumulation times T1 to T4 of the TFT 8 before and after the reading process of the image data D are all the same time interval Tc, the dark charges are reduced according to the above formula (4) based on the above table and the relational expression. There is no need to calculate the offset Od (O1 in the equation).
- the offset Olag due to this lag becomes a problem when strong radiation is irradiated, and often does not cause a problem when weak radiation or a normal dose of radiation is irradiated.
- the timing of applying the on voltage and the off voltage to each of the lines L1 to Lx of the scanning line 5 in the reading process of the image data d after the radiographic image capturing is performed. Also, it is possible to switch between a mode (in the case of the second embodiment) that is performed at a normal timing and a mode (in the case of the fourth embodiment) in which the timing is varied (in the case of the fourth embodiment). Is possible.
- the radiographic imaging is performed.
- the time required for each process in the apparatus 1 is slightly longer than that at the normal timing.
- the image data d is read out at the normal timing.
- the unconnected terminal h there may be a so-called unconnected terminal h in which the scanning line 5 is not connected to the gate driver 15b of the scanning drive unit 15 or the plurality of gate ICs 12a constituting the gate driver 15b.
- the terminals to which the on-voltage is applied are sequentially switched in order to sequentially apply the on-voltage to each of the lines L1 to Lx of the scanning line 5 from the gate driver 15b, the unconnected terminal h is eventually obtained. The on-voltage is applied to.
- one frame refers to image data from each radiation detection element 7 by sequentially applying an ON voltage to all the scanning lines 5 on the detection unit P (see FIGS. 3 and 7). This is a period for reading d.
- the off-voltage is normally applied to all the lines L1 to Lx of the scanning line 5 for a predetermined time set longer than the radiation irradiation time. Although useful charges generated in each radiation detection element 7 by the irradiation are accumulated, as described above, if the detection of the start of radiation irradiation is delayed, the off-voltage is applied to all the lines L1 to Lx of the scanning line 5 accordingly. The state in which is applied continues for a long time.
- the radiographic image capturing apparatus 1 does not generate a period ⁇ during which the image data d or the like is not read in the read processing of the image data d before radiographic image capturing, or can shorten the period ⁇ as much as possible. It is desirable that radiation irradiation can be accurately detected.
- each functional unit of the radiation image capturing apparatus 1 is the same as those in the above embodiments.
- the gate driver 15b of the scanning drive unit 15 or the gate IC 12a constituting the same has the unconnected terminal h to which the scanning line 5 is not connected. ing.
- FIG. 53 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the scan driving unit 15 according to the present embodiment, the wiring for the gate driver 15b, and the like.
- the gate driver 15b of the scanning drive unit 15 is configured by arranging a plurality of the gate ICs 12a described above in parallel, and an on-voltage is supplied to each gate IC 12a from the power supply circuit 15a.
- the on-voltage is supplied via the wiring Lon to be supplied.
- Each gate IC 12a is supplied with an off-voltage from the power supply circuit 15a via another wiring (not shown).
- the wiring Lon and the wiring for supplying the off-voltage are used for the wiring 15c ( (See FIG. 7).
- wiring Lse1 and wiring Lse2 are connected to both ends of each gate IC 12a, and the wirings Lse1 and Lse2 are connected to the control means 22, respectively. Yes.
- a wiring Lsh from the control means 22 is connected to each gate IC 12a.
- each gate IC 12a When a seed signal is input from the wiring Lse1 of each gate IC 12a, the terminal at the upper end in the figure of each gate IC 12a becomes active, and an on-voltage is supplied from the power supply circuit 15a via the wiring Lon as described above. Then, an on-voltage is applied to the scanning line 5 connected to the terminal at the upper end that is in an active state.
- an active terminal When a shift signal is input via the wiring Lsh, a terminal that is in an active state (hereinafter referred to as an active terminal) moves to a terminal on the lower side in the figure in this case.
- the ON voltage is supplied from the power supply circuit 15a via the wiring Lon, the ON voltage is applied to the active terminal, and if the scanning line 5 is connected to the terminal, the scanning line 5 The on-voltage is applied to.
- each gate IC 12a inputs the seed signal to the gate IC 12a via the wiring Lse1, and sequentially inputs the shift signal via the wiring Lsh, thereby moving the active terminals one by one. It can be done. Further, each time each terminal becomes active, an ON voltage is supplied from the power supply circuit 15a via the wiring Lon, so that the ON voltage is sequentially applied to each terminal, and each scanning line 5 connected to each terminal. The ON voltage can be applied sequentially.
- each gate IC 12a when a seed signal is input to each gate IC 12a from the wiring Lse1 side as described above, the seed signal is transmitted from the wiring Lse2 at the next timing when the terminal at the lower end of each gate IC 12a is activated. Is output.
- a seed signal is input from the wiring Lse1 to the uppermost gate IC 12a in FIG. 53, and a shift signal is input one after another via the wiring Lsh to shift the active terminal, and each scanning line 5 is turned on.
- the seed signal is input to the second gate IC 12a via the wiring Lse1 at the same timing as the timing at which the seed signal is output via the wiring Lse2.
- a shift signal is successively input to the second gate IC 12a via the wiring Lsh to shift the active terminal, and an ON voltage is sequentially applied to each scanning line 5, and then a seed signal is transmitted via the wiring Lse2.
- a seed signal is input to the third gate IC 12a via the wiring Lse1 at the same timing as the output timing.
- a seed signal is input from the wiring Lse2 to the lower gate IC 12a in FIG. 53, and a shift signal is input one after another via the wiring Lsh to shift the active terminal upward, thereby causing each scanning line 5
- the seed signal is input to the upper gate IC 12a in the drawing via the wiring Lse2 at the same timing as the timing at which the seed signal is output via the wiring Lse1.
- the ON voltage can be sequentially applied to the lines L1 to Lx of the scanning line 5 in order from the line Lx toward the line L1.
- the wiring Lse2 of a certain gate IC 12a and the wiring Lse1 of the adjacent gate IC 12a are connected to each other, and the seed signal output from the wiring Lse2 or the wiring Lse1 of one gate IC 12a is transmitted to the next gate IC 12a.
- it may be configured to automatically input via the wiring Lse2.
- the radiographic image capturing apparatus 1 itself uses the radiographic image capturing apparatus 1 based on the image data d read out before the radiographic image capturing in the same manner as the above-described embodiments. It is detected that the irradiation of radiation has started.
- the radiation image capturing apparatus 1 is actually irradiated with radiation, and at the same time, the radiation irradiation start cannot be detected. There may be a problem that the radiation start cannot be detected in real time because it is delayed from the start time.
- the amount of dark charge accumulated in each radiation detection element 7 increases as the detection of the start of radiation irradiation is delayed in this way, and the S / N ratio of the image data D as the read main image is deteriorated. Such a problem may occur.
- Method 1 When there is a non-connected terminal h (see FIG. 53) that is not connected to any scanning line 5 in the gate IC 12a constituting the gate driver 15b, at least in the reading process of the image data d before radiographic imaging.
- the turn-on voltage is sequentially applied from the gate driver 15b to each scanning line 5, the turn-on voltage is not applied to the unconnected terminal h of the gate IC 12a, and is always turned on to any terminal to which the scanning line 5 is connected.
- the scanning drive unit 15 is configured to sequentially apply the ON voltage from the gate driver 15b to each of the lines L1 to Lx of the scanning line 5 by applying a voltage.
- the gate driver 15b shown in FIG. 53 when the seed signal is input from the wiring Lse1 to the gate IC 12a and the shift signal is input from the wiring Lsh one after another, the active terminal Are shifted one by one, and an on-voltage is supplied from the power supply circuit 15a via the wiring Lon at each timing, so that the lines L1 to Lx of the scanning line 5 to which the on-voltage is applied are sequentially switched. An ON voltage is sequentially applied to the lines L1 to Lx.
- the gate IC 12a (the lowest in FIG. 53) is applied at the next timing.
- the seed signal is output from the side gate IC 12a) via the wiring Lse2.
- the seed signal in the gate IC 12a is forcibly removed from the gate IC 12a by grounding.
- a shift signal is sequentially input to the gate IC 12a (that is, the uppermost gate IC 12a in FIG. 53), thereby applying the ON voltage.
- the line 5 can be sequentially shifted downward in the drawing.
- the gate driver 15b scans the gate IC 12a so that no on-voltage is applied to the unconnected terminal h of the gate IC 12a, and the on-voltage is always applied to any terminal to which the scanning line 5 is connected. It is possible to configure so that the ON voltage is sequentially applied to each of the lines L1 to Lx of the line 5.
- the radiographic imaging apparatus 1 can be configured not to generate a period ⁇ in which the on-voltage is not applied to any of the lines L1 to Lx of the scanning line 5 and the image data d is not read out, and the radiation irradiation start is performed as described above. It is possible to accurately prevent the occurrence of problems such as delayed detection and accurately detect radiation irradiation by the radiographic imaging apparatus 1 itself.
- the scanning lines 5 (that is, the respective terminals of the gate ICs 12a) for applying the ON voltage to the lines L1 to Lx of the scanning line 5 in order from the last line Lx of the scanning line 5 toward the line L1 are shifted upward.
- the turn-on voltage is sequentially applied to the lines Lx to L1 of the scanning line 5 in the same manner.
- the seed signal is input to the lowermost gate IC 12a in FIG. 53 at the next timing when the on-voltage is applied to the line L1 of the scanning line 5 and the terminal to which the line is connected, and the scanning line
- the ON voltage is applied to the terminal to which the final line Lx of 5 is connected. Then, by sequentially shifting the terminals to which the ON voltage is applied, the ON voltage can be sequentially applied to each of the lines Lx to L1 of the scanning line 5 without generating the period ⁇ as described above. it can.
- the scanning line 5 to which the ON voltage is applied as described above may be sequentially shifted from the last line Lx of the scanning line 5 to the upper scanning line 5.
- the description will be made in the same manner as when the scanning line 5 to which the ON voltage is applied is sequentially shifted from the first line L1 of the scanning line 5 to the lower scanning line 5.
- the seed signal once input is output from the wiring Lse2 while being shifted for each terminal, or grounded in the gate IC 12a, etc. In some cases, it may not be forcibly removed from the inside.
- the on-voltage is applied to the terminal to which the scanning line 5 is connected at the timing when the on-voltage is applied to the unconnected terminals h1, h2,.
- the ON voltage is sequentially applied to each terminal of each gate IC 12a in such a manner that the ON voltage is sequentially applied at the same time interval as the time interval to be performed.
- the on-voltage is applied to the non-connected terminal h of the gate IC 12a between the frames, and the image data d is not read from any of the radiation detection elements 7.
- the period ⁇ has become a long time.
- the time interval at which the on-voltage is applied to the terminal to which the scanning line 5 is connected is connected. Since the on-voltage is sequentially applied at short time intervals, the on-voltage is applied to the non-connected terminal h of the gate IC 12a between frames, and the image data d is received from any radiation detection element 7.
- the period ⁇ that is not read can be shortened compared to the conventional case shown in FIG.
- the delay is negligible, so the increase in dark charge accumulated in the radiation detection element is not large, and In addition, the S / N ratio of the image data D as the read main image is hardly deteriorated.
- the above-described method 2 it is possible to effectively prevent the deterioration of the image data D as the main image to be read and maintain a good S / N ratio of the image data D. .
- the gate IC 12a when the gate IC 12a is configured so that the active terminal can be shifted without applying the on-voltage to the active terminal, the non-connected terminal h is in an active state. Can be configured to shift only the active state without applying the on-voltage, and to apply the on-voltage when the terminal to which the scanning line 5 is connected becomes active. .
- the time for which the unconnected terminal h is in an active state (expressed as the time during which the on-voltage is applied in FIG. 55) is active for the terminal to which the scanning line 5 is connected.
- the time for which the unconnected terminal h is in an active state is active for the terminal to which the scanning line 5 is connected.
- the time during which the non-connected terminal h is in the active state is shortened as much as possible to change the active terminal.
- Method 3 In the above-described methods 1 and 2, it is assumed that only one seed signal can be input to the gate driver 15b including the plurality of gate ICs 12a. However, when two or more seed signals can be input at different timings, The period ⁇ can be prevented from being generated as follows.
- the seed signal is input from the wiring Lse1 and the shift signal is input from the wiring Lsh one after another.
- the on voltage is sequentially applied to each of the lines L1 to Lx of the scanning line 5.
- the seed signal is input from the wiring Lse1 to the uppermost gate IC 12a in FIG. 53 at the same timing as the timing of inputting the shift signal for making the non-connected terminal h1 active.
- the non-connected terminal h1 becomes active, and at the same time, the terminal on the uppermost side of the uppermost gate IC 12a in FIG. 53, to which the first line L1 of the scanning line 5 is connected. Become active.
- the two terminals of the gate driver 15b (that is, the respective terminals of two different gate ICs 12a constituting the gate driver 15b) are simultaneously active.
- the on-voltage is supplied from the power supply circuit 15a of the scanning drive means 15 to the gate driver 15b, the on-voltage is applied to the non-connected terminal h1 and at the same time the uppermost gate in FIG.
- the on-voltage is also applied to the uppermost terminal of the IC 12a, and the on-voltage is applied to the first line L1 of the scanning line 5.
- each active terminal is shifted and scanning is performed with the unconnected terminal h until the last terminal of the unconnected terminal h becomes active.
- the two terminals that is, the terminal to which the line 5 is connected are simultaneously activated, and the on-voltage is continuously applied to the unconnected terminal h and the line L with the scanning line 5 at the same time.
- any line L1 to Lx of the scanning line 5 is inserted between the frames as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 57 the reading process of the image data d of the next frame is started and the reading process of the image data d of the next frame is started.
- Data d is read continuously in time.
- the radiographic imaging apparatus 1 can be configured not to generate a period ⁇ in which the on-voltage is not applied to any of the lines L1 to Lx of the scanning line 5 and the image data d is not read out, and the radiation irradiation start is performed as described above. It is possible to accurately prevent the occurrence of problems such as delayed detection and accurately detect radiation irradiation by the radiographic imaging apparatus 1 itself.
- the on-voltage when the on-voltage is applied to the terminal to which the scanning line 5 is connected and the on-voltage is applied to the scanning line 5, at the same time, the on-voltage is also applied to the unconnected terminal h.
- the on-voltage When applied, useless power is consumed, or the application state of the on-voltage applied to the scanning line 5 may be adversely affected.
- the power supply circuit 15a that supplies the ON voltage to each gate IC 12a to which the scanning line 5 is connected to each terminal is disconnected. And a second power supply circuit 15a * for supplying an ON voltage to the gate IC 12a having the terminal h.
- an on-voltage is applied from the second power supply circuit 15a * to the gate IC 12a. It is possible to configure so that the ON voltage is not supplied from the second power supply circuit 15a * to the gate IC 12a at a timing when the non-connected terminal h is activated.
- the detection unit P is divided into a plurality of regions.
- each signal line 6 is divided in the middle of the extending direction on the detection unit P, and the detection unit P is divided into two regions Pa and Pb. ing.
- each scanning line 5 is divided in the middle of the extending direction on the detection unit P, and the detection unit P is divided into two regions Pc and Pd. It is divided. Although illustration is omitted, for example, on the detection unit P, each scanning line 5 and each signal line are both divided in the extending direction so that the detection unit P is divided into, for example, four regions. It is also possible to configure.
- each scanning line 5 of each region Pa, Pb of the detection unit P is connected to a separate gate driver 15ba, 15bb, respectively, as shown in FIG.
- the signal lines 6 of the areas Pa and Pb of the detection unit P are also connected to separate readout ICs 16a and 16b, respectively.
- each of the gate drivers 15ba and 15bb includes a plurality of gate ICs 12a arranged in parallel. As shown in FIG. 61, the terminal drivers ha and hb are provided at the end portions, respectively. Shall.
- each scanning line 5 and each signal line 6 or both are divided on the detection unit P in the middle of each extending direction. Is divided into a plurality of regions, and a gate driver 15b is provided for each region, and each gate driver 15b has a non-connected terminal h, at least image data before radiographic imaging
- the d reading process is configured to apply an ON voltage to each line L of the scanning line 5 as follows.
- the turn-on voltage is sequentially applied from the gate drivers 15ba and 15bb to the scanning lines 5, the turn-on voltage is applied to the unconnected terminal h in one gate driver 15b (for example, the gate driver 15ba).
- the gate driver 15b for example, the gate driver 15bb
- an ON voltage is applied to a terminal to which the scanning line 5 is connected, and an ON voltage is applied to any one of the scanning lines 5 at each timing.
- the ON voltage is sequentially applied from the gate drivers 15ba and 15bb to the lines L of the scanning line 5.
- the reading of the image data d is performed by shifting the scanning line 5 to which the ON voltage is applied from the boundary B side of the regions Pa and Pb toward the reading ICs 16a and 16b.
- the timing of starting the shift of the scanning line 5 to which the ON voltage is applied that is, the shift of the terminal to be activated from the boundary B portion is shifted between the region Pa and the region Pb.
- the reading process in the area Pa is started first and the reading process in the area Pb is started later, at the timing when the non-connected terminal h is in the active state in the area Pa, At the timing when the terminal to which the scanning line 5 is connected is activated, and the non-connected terminal h is activated in the area Pb with a delay, the next frame is already read out in the area Pa.
- the terminal to which the scanning line 5 is shifted and connected is in an active state.
- Image data d is read out by shifting the scanning line 5 to which the ON voltage is applied toward the h side. That is, both the regions Pa and Pb are configured to shift the active terminals from the upper side to the lower side in the drawing.
- the unconnected terminal h is active in one gate driver 15b. Even if the on-voltage is not applied to any scanning line 5 connected to the gate driver 15b, the scanning line 5 is always connected to the other gate driver 15b. One of the terminals is in an active state, and the on-voltage is applied to the scanning line 5.
- Method 5 In the methods 1 to 4, the image data d is read using only the terminal to which the scanning line 5 is connected (method 1), or the period ⁇ in which the non-connected terminal h is active is set. Shortening (method 2), or, at the same time that the non-connected terminal h is in an active state, the terminal to which the scanning line 5 is connected is activated at the same time and the on-voltage is applied (method 3, 4) The case has been described in which the configuration is made such that the period ⁇ during which the image data d is not read out is not generated or the period ⁇ is shortened as much as possible.
- the reason for configuring in this way is that, as described above, the image data d read out in the readout process before radiographic image capturing is the image data before that when the radiation image capturing apparatus 1 starts irradiation. This is because the start of radiation irradiation to the radiographic imaging apparatus 1 is accurately detected based on the read image data d by utilizing the fact that the value is much larger than d.
- any of the lines L1 to Lx of the scanning line 5 is activated. Also during the period ⁇ during which no on-voltage is applied and the image data d is not read, the leak data Dleak is read instead of the image data d, and the radiographic imaging device is based on the read leak data Dleak. 1 can be configured to detect the start of radiation irradiation.
- Method 5 a configuration for detecting the start of radiation irradiation on the radiation image capturing apparatus 1 based on the image data d and the leak data Dleak will be described.
- each readout circuit 17 is operated as shown in FIG. That is, as in the case of the image data d reading process, the charge reset switch 18c (see FIG. 8) of the amplifier circuit 18 of the reading circuit 17 is turned off and the charge is stored in the capacitor 18b. 22, the pulse signals Sp1 and Sp2 are transmitted to the correlated double sampling circuit 19 to perform sampling, but the on / off operation of each TFT 8 is not performed during that time.
- each readout circuit 17 When each readout circuit 17 is operated in this way, as shown in FIG. 34 described above, each charge q leaked from each radiation detection element 7 through each TFT 8 which is turned off becomes a capacitor of the amplification circuit 18. 18b. Therefore, a voltage value corresponding to the accumulated charge, that is, the total value of the charge q leaked from each radiation detection element 7 is output from the amplifier circuit 18, and the correlation double sampling circuit 19, not shown in FIG. The leaked data Dleak is read after being sampled.
- the charge q leaked from each radiation detection element 7i via each TFT 8 is small, and the total value thereof is also a small value.
- the leak data Dleak is also a small value, when radiation irradiation to the radiation image capturing apparatus 1 is started, the charge q leaked from each radiation detection element 7 via each TFT 8 increases, and the total value thereof is growing. For this reason, the value of the leaked data Dleak to be read increases as in the case of the above-described increase in value in the case of the image data d.
- the leak data Dleak is periodically read during the period ⁇ , and the read leak data Dleak greatly increases, for example, exceeds a preset threshold value. In this case, it is possible to determine that the radiation imaging apparatus 1 has started irradiation of radiation at that time and detect the start of radiation irradiation.
- the value of the image data d is monitored as described above when the reading process of the image data d is performed before radiographic imaging, and the unconnected terminal h During the period ⁇ in which the active state is active (that is, the period ⁇ during which the off voltage is applied to all the lines L1 to Lx of the scanning line 5), the leakage data Dleak shown in FIG. 33 is read out. It is possible to monitor the value of the leaked data Dleak, and to detect the start of radiation irradiation on the radiographic imaging apparatus 1 when either the image data d or the leaked data Dleak rises significantly.
- leak data Dleak corresponding to the total value of charges q leaked from the other radiation detection elements 7 shown in FIG.
- the value of the leak data Dleak to be read is usually smaller than the value of the image data d.
- the threshold value used for determining whether or not the radiation image capturing apparatus 1 has been irradiated with radiation the threshold value dth (see FIG. 11) for the image data d and the threshold value for the leak data Dleak are set to different values. It is preferable. It is also possible to use the same threshold value as the threshold value for both, and the threshold value for the image data d and leak data Dleak is set to an appropriate value.
- Method 6 In the method 5 described above, in the reading process of the image data d before radiographic imaging, the leakage data Dleak is read only during the period ⁇ in which the unconnected terminal h is active and the image data d is not read. A case has been described in which image data d is read during other periods (see FIG. 62 and the like).
- the scanning drive means 15 applies an off voltage to all the lines L1 to Lx of the scanning line 5 to turn off the TFTs 8 and turn on the respective readout circuits 17 shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 64, the control is repeated, that is, the on / off control of the charge reset switch 18c of the amplifier circuit 18 of the readout circuit 17 and the transmission of the pulse signals Sp1 and Sp2 to the correlated double sampling circuit 19 are repeated. It is also possible to configure the leak data Dleak to be read continuously.
- each scan line 5 to which the ON voltage is applied is sequentially shifted between the leak data Dleak read process and the next leak data Dleak read process. It is preferable that the radiation detection element 7 is reset.
- the image data d can be read out between the leak data Dleak.
- the reading process of the leak data Dleak is performed during the reading process of the leak data Dleak will be described, but a case where the reading process of the image data d is performed during the reading process of the leak data Dleak will be described. Is explained in the same way.
- the reset process of each radiation detection element 7 is performed as described above.
- the terminals of the gate driver 15b to which the ON voltage is sequentially applied are sequentially shifted.
- each line L1 to Lx of the scanning line 5 from the gate driver 15b through the terminal is sequentially applied to the discharge lines to release charges remaining in the radiation detection elements 7 connected to the scanning lines 5 to perform reset processing.
- the on-voltage is sequentially applied from the gate driver 15b to the unconnected terminal h. Since no on-voltage is applied to the scanning line 5, the reset processing of each radiation detection element 7 is not performed during this period.
- FIG. 67 the case where the on-voltage is actually applied to the non-connected terminals h1, h2,... Of the gate IC 12a is shown, but it is not always necessary to apply the on-voltage to the non-connected terminal h. Therefore, as described above, it is possible to configure these non-connected terminals h so as not to apply the on-voltage and only to shift the active state.
- the charge q leaked from each radiation detection element 7i via each TFT 8 is small before the radiation image capturing apparatus 1 is irradiated with radiation, as in the case described in the method 5 described above.
- the leak data Dleak read in each reading process of the leak data Dleak is also a small value.
- the charge q leaked from each radiation detection element 7 via each TFT 8 increases, and the total value thereof increases. As in the case of, the value of leaked data Dleak to be read increases.
- a threshold value is provided for the leak data Dleak, and when the read leak data Dleak greatly increases and exceeds the threshold value, it is determined that radiation irradiation to the radiographic imaging apparatus 1 has started, It is possible to configure to detect the start of radiation irradiation.
- the leak data Dleak read out in each read process of the leak data Dleak is read out after the on-voltage is applied to the scanning line 5 and the reset process of each radiation detection element 7 is performed. From the leak data Dleak read in (refer to the data indicated by ⁇ in the figure), the non-connected terminal h is in an active state, and the reset processing of each radiation detection element 7 is not performed. It was found that the leak data Dleak (refer to the data indicated by ⁇ in the figure) read by the state reading process has a smaller value.
- FIG. 68B shows the temporal transition of the leak data Dleak read in each read process of the leak data Dleak in that case.
- the value of the leak data Dleak to be read out is the leak data Dleak of the portion indicated by ⁇ in FIG. 68A, that is, the read process performed after the reset process of each radiation detection element 7
- the value is smaller than the value of the leak data Dleak read in step (b).
- each radiation detection element 7 is more than the leak data Dleak (refer to the data indicated by ⁇ in FIG. 68A) read out in the readout process performed after the reset process of each radiation detection element 7.
- the reason why the leak data Dleak (see the part indicated by ⁇ in FIG. 68A and FIG. 68B) read in the read process in the state where the reset process is not performed is smaller is considered as follows. It has been.
- the leak data Dleak (refer to the data indicated by ⁇ in FIG. 68A) read out in the read-out process performed after the reset process of each radiation detection element 7 is more effective for each radiation detection element 7. It is considered that the phenomenon that the value becomes larger than the leak data Dleak (refer to the data indicated by ⁇ in FIG. 68A) read by the read process in a state where the reset process is not performed appears.
- FIGS. 68A and 68B before the start of the leak data Dleak reading process, that is, before the counting of the elapsed time t in each figure is started (that is, the elapsed time t on the horizontal axis is before 0), The case where the reset process of the detection element 7 is repeatedly performed is shown.
- the value of the leak data Dleak read when the elapsed time t is close to 0 is large, it can be estimated that the value of the leak data Dleak is large by the above mechanism. .
- This phenomenon occurs not only when the reset processing of each radiation detection element 7 is performed before the reading process of the leak data Dleak but also when the reading process of the image data d is performed (see FIG. 66). It has been confirmed.
- the leakage data Dleak readout process and the reset process of each radiation detection element 7 are alternately repeated before radiographic imaging (see FIG. 67).
- the reset processing is performed by sequentially shifting the terminals (including the unconnected terminal h) of the gate driver 15b sequentially applied or sequentially activated, the leak data Dleak As described above, the value of the leak data Dleak read in each of the reading processes changes.
- the threshold value for detecting the start of radiation irradiation is applied to the terminal to which the scanning line 5 is connected from the gate driver 15b, and the on-voltage is sequentially applied to the lines L1 to Lx of the scanning line 5.
- control means 22 scans from the gate driver 15b at the timing of sequentially applying the ON voltage to the non-connected terminals h of the gate driver 15b (or the timing at which the non-connected terminals h are sequentially activated).
- the threshold values are switched and used properly according to the timing at which the radiation detection elements 7 are reset by sequentially applying ON voltages to the lines L1 to Lx of the line 5.
- this method 6 is configured such that the readout process of the leak data Dleak and the reset process of each radiation detection element 7 (or the readout process of the image data d; the same applies hereinafter) are alternately performed before radiographic image capturing.
- the leak data Dleak can be applied without applying the on-voltage to the non-connected terminal h of the gate driver 15b or making it active as shown in FIG.
- the reset process of each radiation detection element 7 performed during the readout process it is possible to perform the reset process by sequentially applying the ON voltage only to the terminal to which the scanning line 5 of the gate driver 15b is connected. It is.
- the method 3 and the method 4 described above are applied to the method 6, and the terminal to which the scanning line 5 is simultaneously connected is activated at the timing when the unconnected terminal h is in the active state. It is also possible to apply an on-voltage, and even with such a configuration, it is only necessary to set one of the above threshold values. It becomes unnecessary.
- the readout operation is repeatedly performed by the readout circuit 17 so that the leakage data Dleak is repeatedly read, and the read leakage data Dleak is monitored. If it continues, it will become possible to detect that irradiation of the radiation was complete
- each line L5 of the scanning line 5 is detected when the leak data Dleak becomes a value equal to or smaller than the threshold value and it is detected that the irradiation of radiation is completed (see “A” in the figure). If the sequential application of the on-voltages to Lx and L1 to L4 is resumed and the reading process of the image data D as the main image is started, the radiation irradiation ends as shown in FIG. As described above, it is possible to start the reading process of the image data D immediately after detecting the image data, and to quickly perform the process after the reading process of the image data D. .
- FIG. 70 shows a case where method 1 is applied to method 6.
- the radiographic image capturing apparatus 1 As described above, according to the radiographic image capturing apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment, it is possible to achieve the same effects as those of the above-described embodiments and an interface with the radiation generation apparatus cannot be obtained.
- the image data d is read out, and based on the read image data d or when the above method 5 is used. Based on the image data d and leak data Dleak, the radiation image capturing apparatus 1 itself can accurately detect that the radiation image capturing apparatus 1 has been irradiated with radiation.
- the non-connected terminal h is in an active state.
- the period ⁇ in which the image data d is not read out is not generated (the above methods 1, 3, 4), the period ⁇ is very short (the above method 2), or the leak data Dleak is generated during the period ⁇ .
- the period ⁇ becomes longer and the detection of the start of radiation irradiation is delayed, and the dark charge accumulated in the radiation detection element 7 is correspondingly increased. It becomes possible to accurately prevent the amount from increasing and the S / N ratio of the image data D as the read main image from deteriorating.
- the gate driver 15b of the scanning drive unit 15 is configured by arranging a plurality of gate ICs 12a as shown in FIG. 53 is described.
- the gate driver 15b and the gate IC 12a are other types. Even in the case of the configuration described above, the above problem may occur as long as there is a non-connected terminal h to which the scanning line 5 is not connected. Therefore, the present invention can be applied even when the gate driver 15b and the gate IC 12a have other configurations.
- the radiographic image capturing apparatus 1 is a so-called dedicated type radiographic image capturing apparatus formed integrally with a support stand or the like (not shown), as described above, without taking an interface with the radiation generating apparatus.
- the present invention can also be applied to a case where the radiation image capturing apparatus is configured to uniquely detect radiation irradiation.
- the detection unit P of the radiographic imaging apparatus 1 (FIG. 3).
- the number of leak data Dleak read out in one read process of the leak data Dleak is several thousand. From tens to tens of thousands.
- the process becomes heavy. Therefore, for example, it is possible to extract the maximum value from the leak data Dleak read for each reading process, and to determine whether or not the maximum value of the leak data Dleak exceeds a threshold value. is there.
- each read circuit 17 (see FIG. 7 and the like) is usually different for each read circuit 17, and the total value of charges q leaked from each radiation detection element 7 to the signal line 6 (see FIG. 34). ) Is the same for each signal line 6, there is a read circuit 17 that always reads leak data Dleak having a larger value than the other read circuits 17, and leak data that is always smaller than the other read circuits 17. There is also a read circuit 17 for reading Dleak.
- the radiation image photographing apparatus 1 is irradiated with radiation with the irradiation field F being narrowed down, and leak data Dleak always having a larger value than the other readout circuits 17.
- the signal line 6a connected to the readout circuit 17 for reading out exists outside the irradiation field F.
- leak data Dleak read by the read circuit 17 connected to the signal line 6 existing in the irradiation field F (refer to the data indicated by ⁇ in the figure). Even if the laser beam rises due to the irradiation of radiation, it exceeds the leak data Dleak read from the readout circuit 17 connected to the signal line 6a existing outside the irradiation field F (refer to the data indicated by ⁇ in the figure). There may be no case.
- the extracted leak data Dleak Is the leak data Dleak indicated by ⁇ in the figure, the maximum value of the extracted leak data Dleak does not fluctuate even with irradiation of radiation, and eventually does not exceed the threshold value, so that irradiation of radiation is detected. I can't do that.
- a moving average for each read circuit 17 of the leak data Dleak read for each read process is calculated. That is, every time the leak data Dleak is read, the average value (movement) of the leak data Dleak for each read circuit 17 read in each past read process for a predetermined number of times including the read process immediately before the read process. Average) Dleak_ave is calculated.
- a difference ⁇ Dleak between the leak data Dleak read in the current reading process and the calculated moving average average value Dleak_ave is calculated, and the reading circuit 17 in which the difference ⁇ Dleak exceeds a preset threshold for the difference ⁇ Dleak. If there exists, it can be comprised so that it may detect that the radiation imaging device 1 was irradiated with the radiation at the time.
- the radiographic imaging apparatus 128 or 256 readout circuits 17 are formed in the readout IC 16, and a plurality of readout ICs 16 are provided.
- the total value of the leak data Dleak read by each read circuit 17 is calculated for each read IC 16.
- the average value of the leak data Dleak may be calculated for each read IC 16.
- the moving average of the total value of each leak data Dleak is calculated for each read IC 16, the total value for each read IC 16 of the leak data Dleak read in the current read process, and the calculated total value If there is a read IC 16 whose difference exceeds a preset threshold for the difference, it is detected that the radiation imaging apparatus 1 has been irradiated with radiation at that time. Can be configured to.
- the maximum value is extracted from the above differences for each reading IC 16 calculated for each reading process of the leak data Dleak, and it is determined whether or not the maximum value exceeds the threshold value. It is also possible to configure. In this case, since the above difference is the same value for each reading IC 16, the problem as shown in FIG. 72 does not occur.
- the total value (or average value) of the leak data Dleak increases without being affected by the read efficiency of each read circuit 17 and the above difference (or the difference) It is possible to accurately detect whether or not the maximum value) exceeds the threshold value, and to accurately detect the start of radiation irradiation on the radiation image capturing apparatus 1, and to calculate the moving average for each readout circuit 17.
- the processing is lightened because the calculation processing is reduced for each readout IC 16.
- the leak data Dleak read-out process and the radiation detection elements 7 before the radiographic imaging are taken as in the method 6 shown in FIG.
- the non-connected terminal h is in an active state and the reset process of each radiation detection element 7 is not performed
- the value of the leak data Dleak read by the read process becomes small (refer to the data indicated by ⁇ in the figure). Therefore, the moving average value calculated during that time becomes small.
- the read leak data Dleak (or the total value or average value for each read IC 16 of the read leak data Dleak) and the moving average (or total value or average value) of the leak data Dleak until the previous read processing.
- the difference (or the maximum value, the same shall apply hereinafter) with the moving average of.
- method 1 is applied to the above method so that an on-voltage is not applied to an unconnected terminal h of the gate driver 15b or an active state is not set.
- Method 3 or Method 4 is applied so that the terminal to which the scanning line 5 is connected is activated at the same time when the unconnected terminal h is in the active state, and the on-voltage is applied. It is also possible to configure.
- two or more thresholds for the above difference are set in advance, and the moving average is in a state where the unconnected terminal h is active.
- the on-voltage is applied to each of the lines L1 to Lx of the scanning line 5 or is calculated based on the leak data Dleak read in the reading process when the reset process of each radiation detection element 7 is not performed.
- the threshold value is switched and used in accordance with whether it is calculated based on the leak data Dleak read out in the read-out process performed after the reset process of each radiation detection element 7 that has been applied. It is possible.
- said difference may exceed a threshold value when radiation is irradiated to the radiographic imaging apparatus 1 by switching a threshold value, and the difference exceeded the threshold value. Accordingly, it is possible to accurately detect radiation irradiation to the radiographic image capturing apparatus 1.
- It may be used in the field of radiographic imaging (especially in the medical field).
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Abstract
Description
互いに交差するように配設された複数の走査線および複数の信号線と、前記複数の走査線および複数の信号線により区画された各領域に二次元状に配列された複数の放射線検出素子とを備える検出部と、
前記放射線検出素子から画像データを読み出す読み出し処理の際に、前記各走査線にオン電圧を順次印加する走査駆動手段と、
前記各走査線に接続され、前記走査線を介してオン電圧が印加されると前記放射線検出素子に蓄積された電荷を前記信号線に放出させ、前記走査線を介してオフ電圧が印加されると前記放射線検出素子内に電荷を蓄積させるスイッチ手段と、
前記画像データの読み出し処理の際には、前記放射線検出素子から前記信号線に放出された前記電荷を前記画像データに変換して読み出す読み出し回路と、
少なくとも前記走査駆動手段および前記読み出し回路を制御して前記放射線検出素子からの前記データの読み出し処理を行わせる制御手段と、
を備え、
前記制御手段は、
放射線画像撮影前に、前記走査駆動手段から前記各走査線にオン電圧を順次印加して前記放射線検出素子からの前記画像データの読み出し処理を行い、読み出した前記画像データが閾値を越えた時点で放射線の照射が開始されたことを検出し、
放射線の照射が開始されたことを検出すると、前記走査駆動手段から全ての前記走査線にオフ電圧を印加し、前記各スイッチ手段をオフ状態として電荷蓄積モードに移行し、
放射線の照射が終了した後、前記走査駆動手段から前記各走査線にオン電圧を順次印加させ、前記読み出し回路に順次読み出し動作を行わせて、前記各放射線検出素子からの前記画像データの読み出し処理を行わせるとともに、
放射線画像撮影前の前記画像データの読み出し処理の際に、前記走査駆動手段から前記走査線にオン電圧を印加してから印加する電圧をオフ電圧に切り替えるまでの時間、または、前記走査駆動手段からある前記走査線にオン電圧を印加してから次の前記走査線にオン電圧を印加するまでの周期を、前記放射線照射終了後の画像データの読み出し処理の際の前記時間または前記周期よりも長くなるように制御することを特徴とする。
図1は、本実施形態に係る放射線画像撮影装置の外観斜視図であり、図2は、図1のX-X線に沿う断面図である。本実施形態に係る放射線画像撮影装置1は、図1や図2に示すように、筐体2内にシンチレータ3や基板4等が収納されて構成されている。
ここで、本実施形態における各構成等について説明する前に、本実施形態の各構成と対比される対象となる構成について説明する。なお、以下では、この構成をモデル構成と略称する。
以下、放射線の照射が開始されたことを検出する際の検出効率を向上させるための本実施形態に係る各構成等について説明する。
上記のモデル構成で検出効率が必ずしも高くならない理由の1つとして、放射線画像撮影前の画像データdの読み出し処理におけるTFT8のオン時間が短いことが挙げられる。そこで、例えば図13に示すように、放射線画像撮影前の画像データdの読み出し処理の際のTFT8のオン時間を、放射線画像撮影後の画像データDの読み出し処理の際のオン時間よりも長くなるように構成することが可能である。
また、上記のように、1回の画像データdの読み出し処理で読み出される画像データd自体の値を大きくして検出効率を向上させるという観点から言えば、前述した特許文献7に記載された手法も、画像データd自体の値を大きくするための処理であった。
上記のモデル構成では、放射線画像撮影前に繰り返し行われる画像データdの読み出し処理により読み出された画像データdを時系列的にプロットすると、図11に示すように、放射線画像撮影装置1に放射線が照射されると、画像データdの値が大きくなる。
一方、放射線画像撮影装置1に通常の線量の放射線が照射された場合には、読み出し処理で読み出される画像データdは、放射線が照射されていない段階で読み出された画像データdよりも比較的明確に増加するため、放射線の照射開始を検出し易いが、例えば聴器のシュラー撮影等のように、放射線画像撮影装置1に非常に低い線量率(すなわち単位時間あたりの線量)の放射線が照射される場合には、画像データdの増加が明確でない場合もある。
前述したように、放射線画像撮影装置1に放射線を照射する際、放射線画像撮影装置1の放射線入射面R(図1、図2参照)側から見た場合、放射線画像撮影装置1のシンチレータ3や検出部Pの全域ではなく、図15に示すようにシンチレータ3や検出部Pの一部に照射野Fが絞られて放射線が照射される場合がある。特に、放射線画像撮影装置1に低い線量率の放射線を照射する場合には、放射線の照射野Fが絞られて照射される場合が多い。
一方、放射線画像撮影装置1によっては、図19に模式的に示すように、もともとシンチレータ3が基板4上に設けられた検出部Pより小さく形成される場合がある。なお、図19においても、走査線5は図中の左右方向に、また、信号線6は図中の上下方向にそれぞれ延在するように配線されているものとする。
また、画像データdのS/N比を改善して検出効率を向上させる構成として、前述したチャージアンプ回路で構成された増幅回路18のコンデンサ18bの容量を可変できるように構成しておき、放射線画像撮影前の画像データdの読み出し処理の際には、増幅回路18のコンデンサ18bの容量cfが、放射線画像撮影後の画像データDの読み出し処理の際の容量よりも小さくなるように可変するように構成することも可能である。
また、図78に示したように、走査線5のあるラインLiにオン電圧が印加されて放射線検出素子7iから画像データdiが読み出される場合、画像データdiは、実際には、当該放射線検出素子7iから放出された電荷Qと、同じ信号線6に接続されている他の放射線検出素子7からTFT8を介してリークした電荷qとの合計値に相当するデータとなる。
また、本発明者らの研究では、例えば、バイアス電源14が、その内部に設けられている図示しない抵抗器の抵抗値を可変させることができるように構成されている場合には、抵抗器の抵抗値が大きくなるように可変させると、バイアス電源14由来のノイズが低減されることが分かっている。
前述したように、放射線画像撮影前の画像データdの読み出し処理の際に、放射線画像撮影装置1に放射線が照射されている最中に読み出し処理が行われた放射線検出素子7からは、放射線の照射により発生した電荷(すなわち本画像として読み出されるべき画像データD)の一部が流出して、画像データdとして読み出される。
図12に示したモデル構成をベースにして説明すると、上記の[構成1]~[構成7]の場合も同様であるが、例えば、図26に示すように、放射線画像撮影前の画像データdの読み出し処理の際に、走査駆動手段15から、ある走査線5にオン電圧を印加した後、次の走査線5にオン電圧を印加するまでの周期(以下、略してゲート周期という。)を、放射線照射終了後の画像データFの読み出し処理の際のゲート周期よりも長くなるように構成することが可能である。
上記では、放射線画像撮影装置1の検出効率を向上させる等して、線欠陥が隣接する複数の走査線5に連続して現れることを防止したり線欠陥を生じる走査線5の本数を低減する場合について説明した。しかし、一方で、放射線画像撮影装置1に放射線を照射する図示しない放射線発生装置側で、放射線の照射開始時に、照射する放射線の線量の立ち上がりが遅く、放射線画像撮影装置1に照射される放射線の線量が、いわば緩慢に増加するような放射線発生装置がある。
なお、放射線画像撮影装置の中には、例えば図30や図31に示すように、検出部Pが、複数の領域に分割されて構成されているものもある。
次に、上記のようにして、制御手段22が、放射線画像撮影前に繰り返し行われる画像データdの読み出し処理で読み出された画像データdに基づいて、すなわち画像データdが閾値dthを越えたと判断して、放射線の照射が開始されたことを検出した後の各処理について説明する。
制御手段22は、上記のようにして放射線の照射が開始されたことを検出すると、図13に示したように、放射線画像撮影前の画像データdの読み出し動作を停止させて、走査駆動手段15から走査線5の全てのラインL1~Lxにオフ電圧を印加して、各TFT8をオフ状態とした状態を維持して電荷蓄積モードに移行する。図13に示したように、例えば走査線5のラインLnにオン電圧を印加して読み出された画像データdに基づいて放射線の照射開始を検出した場合には、その時点で電荷蓄積モードに移行する。
図13に示した場合には所定時間が経過した時点で、また、図33等に示したように電荷蓄積モードでリークデータDleakの読み出し処理を行う場合には放射線の照射の終了を検出した時点で、制御手段22は、図13に示したように、続いて、走査駆動手段15から走査線5の各ラインL1~Lxにオン電圧を順次印加させ、読み出し回路17に順次読み出し動作を行わせて、各放射線検出素子7からそれぞれ画像データDを読み出す画像データDの読み出し処理を行わせる。
ここで、放射線画像撮影後の読み出し処理で本画像として読み出された画像データDに対する修復処理について説明する。
D*=D-O …(1)
の演算を行うことにより算出される。
d*=d-o …(2)
の演算を行うことにより算出される。なお、画像データdに対するオフセット補正値oを実験等により予め有しておくように構成することも可能である。
上記の第1の実施形態では、放射線画像撮影前の画像データdの読み出し処理や、放射線の照射開始の検出後の電荷蓄積モードへの移行、放射線画像撮影後の画像データDの読み出し処理までの各処理について説明した。
オフセット補正値Oは、上記のように、各TFT8がオフ状態とされていた間に放射線検出素子7内で発生して蓄積された電荷(暗電荷)に相当するものであるが、より正確に言えば、本実施形態や第1の実施形態では、放射線画像撮影前の画像データdの読み出し処理の際に、走査線5のあるラインLnに印加したオン電圧をオフ電圧に切り替えた後、放射線画像撮影後の画像データDの読み出し処理で走査線5の当該ラインLnに印加したオン電圧をオフ電圧に切り替えるまでの間に、放射線検出素子7内で発生して蓄積された電荷に相当するものである。
この実効蓄積時間は、放射線画像撮影前の画像データdの読み出し処理における処理のシーケンスと、放射線画像撮影後の画像データDの読み出し処理における処理のシーケンスとによって、走査線5の各ラインL1~Lxで同じ時間間隔になる場合もあり、異なる時間間隔になる。
本発明者らが行った実験では、オフセット補正値Oは、TFT8の実効蓄積時間には必ずしも線形に(すなわち比例して)増加するものではないことが分かっている。これは、上記のように放射線を照射しない状態で放射線画像撮影装置1を放置した場合に各放射線検出素子7内で発生する暗電荷の発生速度が時間変化に対して非線形であるためと考えられる。なお、オフセット補正値Oは、TFT8の実効蓄積時間が同じであれば、同じ値になる。
[構成A]
上記の前提3で述べたように、オフセット補正値Oは、TFT8の実効蓄積時間に比例する形では増加しないが、TFT8の実効蓄積時間が同じであれば同じ値になる。そこで、例えば、以下のようにして、走査線5の各ラインLごとのTFT8の実効蓄積時間を、画像データDの読み出し処理とオフセット補正値読み出し処理とで同じ実効蓄積時間になるように構成することができる。
また、例えば、図41に概略的に示すように、画像データDの読み出し処理が終了した後、放射線が照射されない状態で、走査線5の各ラインL1~L4ごとに、画像データDの読み出し処理で走査線5に印加したオン電圧をオフ電圧に切り替えてからオフセット補正値読み出し処理で走査線5に印加したオン電圧をオフ電圧に切り替えるまでのTFT8の実効蓄積時間が、図39に示したTFT8の実効蓄積時間T1~T4とそれぞれ同じになるようなタイミングでオフセット補正値読み出し処理を行うように構成することが可能である。
一方、図42に示すように、画像データDの読み出し処理を終了した後、すぐに、或いは所定時間経過後に、放射線が照射されない状態で、画像データDの読み出し処理と同じタイミングで走査駆動手段15から走査線5の各ラインL1~L4にオン電圧を順次印加させてオフセット補正値読み出し処理を行うように構成することも可能である。なお、この場合も、画像データDの読み出し処理が終了した後で一旦各放射線検出素子7のリセット処理を行い、その後、オフセット補正値読み出し処理を行うように構成することも可能である。
O1*:O1=Oa*:O …(3)
が成り立つことを利用して、上記(3)式から導出される下記(4)式に従って、読み出されたオフセット補正値Oから上記のオフセット分O1を算出する。
O1=O×O1*/Oa* …(4)
上記の第2の実施形態では、オフセット補正値Oを取得するために、主に放射線画像撮影後の画像データDの読み出し処理の後に、オフセット補正値読み出し処理を行う場合について説明した。
上記の第2の実施形態では、各TFT8をオフ状態としている間に各放射線検出素子7内で発生し蓄積される、放射線検出素子7自体の熱(温度)による熱励起等によって発生した暗電荷等に起因するオフセット補正値Oを取得する場合の種々の構成について説明した。
D=D*+Od …(5)
の関係が成り立つ。
O=Od+Olag …(6)
の関係が成り立つ。
D-O=(D*+Od)-(Od+Olag)
∴D-O=D*-Olag …(7)
となる。
ところで、上記のように、放射線画像撮影前に各放射線検出素子7から画像データdを読み出す読み出し処理においては、通常、ゲートドライバ15bから走査線5の各ラインL1~Lxにオン電圧を順次印加させて、オン電圧を印加する走査線5をシフトさせながら、オン状態とするTFT8を順次切り替えて各放射線検出素子7から画像データdを次々と読み出していく。
ゲートドライバ15bを構成するゲートIC12aに、いずれの走査線5とも接続されていない非接続の端子h(図53参照)が存在する場合には、少なくとも放射線画像撮影前の画像データdの読み出し処理においてゲートドライバ15bから各走査線5にオン電圧を順次印加する際に、ゲートIC12aの非接続の端子hにはオン電圧を印加せず、常に走査線5が接続されているいずれかの端子にオン電圧を印加するようにして、ゲートドライバ15bから走査線5の各ラインL1~Lxにオン電圧を順次印加するように走査駆動手段15を構成する。
一方、ゲートIC12aによっては、上記のように、一旦入力されたシード信号を、各端子ごとにシフトさせている途中で、配線Lse2から出力させたり、ゲートIC12a内でアースする等して当該ゲートIC12a内から強制的に除去することができないように構成されている場合もある。
上記の手法1、2では、複数のゲートIC12aで構成されるゲートドライバ15bに対して1つのシード信号のみを入力できることを前提としているが、シード信号を異なるタイミングで2つ以上入力できる場合には、以下のようにして、上記期間τを生じさせないように構成することができる。
一方、放射線画像撮影装置の中には、例えば図59や図60に示すように、検出部Pが複数の領域に分割されて構成されているものもある。例えば、図59に示した放射線画像撮影装置1では、検出部P上で、各信号線6がその延在方向の途中で分断されており、検出部Pが2つの領域Pa、Pbに分割されている。
上記の手法1から手法4では、走査線5が接続されている端子のみを用いて画像データdの読み出し処理を行ったり(手法1)、非接続の端子hをアクティブな状態とする期間τを短縮したり(手法2)、或いは、非接続の端子hがアクティブな状態になっているタイミングで同時に走査線5が接続されている端子をアクティブな状態にしてオン電圧を印加する(手法3、4)ように構成することで、画像データdが読み出されない期間τを生じさせないようにし、或いは期間τを極力短縮するように構成する場合について説明した。
上記の手法5では、放射線画像撮影前の画像データdの読み出し処理において、非接続の端子hがアクティブな状態とされ、画像データdが読み出されない期間τの間にのみリークデータDleakの読み出し処理を行い、その他の期間には画像データdの読み出し処理を行う場合について説明した(図62等参照)。
3 シンチレータ
5、L1~Lx 走査線
6 信号線
7、(m,n) 放射線検出素子
8 TFT(スイッチ手段)
14 バイアス電源
15 走査駆動手段
15a 電源回路
15b、15ba、15bb ゲートドライバ
16 読み出しIC
17 読み出し回路
18 増幅回路
18a オペアンプ
18b、C1~C4 コンデンサ
22 制御手段
85 配線
C 電磁波が入射しない検出部上の位置
cf 容量
D 画像データ
d 画像データ
dave 平均値
Dleak リークデータ
Dleak_th 閾値
dmax 最大値
dmin 最小値
dth 閾値
h 非接続の端子
O、O(m,n) オフセット補正値
P 検出部
Pa~Pd 領域
po オフセット画像
Q、q 電荷
r 領域
T1~T4 実効蓄積時間(時間間隔)
Tc 同じ時間間隔
Δd 差分
Δdth 閾値
Claims (15)
- 互いに交差するように配設された複数の走査線および複数の信号線と、前記複数の走査線および複数の信号線により区画された各領域に二次元状に配列された複数の放射線検出素子とを備える検出部と、
前記放射線検出素子から画像データを読み出す読み出し処理の際に、前記各走査線にオン電圧を順次印加する走査駆動手段と、
前記各走査線に接続され、前記走査線を介してオン電圧が印加されると前記放射線検出素子に蓄積された電荷を前記信号線に放出させ、前記走査線を介してオフ電圧が印加されると前記放射線検出素子内に電荷を蓄積させるスイッチ手段と、
前記画像データの読み出し処理の際には、前記放射線検出素子から前記信号線に放出された前記電荷を前記画像データに変換して読み出す読み出し回路と、
少なくとも前記走査駆動手段および前記読み出し回路を制御して前記放射線検出素子からの前記データの読み出し処理を行わせる制御手段と、
を備え、
前記制御手段は、
放射線画像撮影前に、前記走査駆動手段から前記各走査線にオン電圧を順次印加して前記放射線検出素子からの前記画像データの読み出し処理を行い、読み出した前記画像データが閾値を越えた時点で放射線の照射が開始されたことを検出し、
放射線の照射が開始されたことを検出すると、前記走査駆動手段から全ての前記走査線にオフ電圧を印加し、前記各スイッチ手段をオフ状態として電荷蓄積モードに移行し、
放射線の照射が終了した後、前記走査駆動手段から前記各走査線にオン電圧を順次印加させ、前記読み出し回路に順次読み出し動作を行わせて、前記各放射線検出素子からの前記画像データの読み出し処理を行わせるとともに、
放射線画像撮影前の前記画像データの読み出し処理の際に、前記走査駆動手段から前記走査線にオン電圧を印加してから印加する電圧をオフ電圧に切り替えるまでの時間、または、前記走査駆動手段からある前記走査線にオン電圧を印加してから次の前記走査線にオン電圧を印加するまでの周期を、前記放射線照射終了後の画像データの読み出し処理の際の前記時間または前記周期よりも長くなるように制御することを特徴とする放射線画像撮影装置。 - 前記制御手段は、放射線画像撮影前に、前記走査駆動手段から、ある前記走査線にオン電圧を印加したタイミングの次のタイミングでは当該走査線に前記検出部上で隣接する走査線以外の走査線にオン電圧を印加するようにして、前記各走査線にオン電圧を順次印加して前記放射線検出素子からの前記画像データの読み出し処理を行うことを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項に記載の放射線画像撮影装置。
- 前記制御手段は、放射線画像撮影前に、前記走査駆動手段から前記各走査線にオン電圧を順次印加して前記放射線検出素子からの前記画像データの読み出し処理を行い、同一の前記読み出し処理で読み出された前記画像データの中から最大値と最小値とを抽出し、前記最大値から前記最小値を差し引いた差分を算出し、算出した前記差分が閾値を越えた時点で放射線の照射が開始されたことを検出することを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項または第2項に記載の放射線画像撮影装置。
- 前記制御手段は、今回の前記読み出し処理の直前の前記読み出し処理を含む所定回数分の過去の前記各読み出し処理で読み出された前記各画像データの移動平均をそれぞれ算出し、前記各画像データから前記移動平均をそれぞれ減算した値を、それぞれ前記各画像データとすることを特徴とする請求の範囲第3項に記載の放射線画像撮影装置。
- 所定個数の前記読み出し回路が形成された複数の読み出しICを備え、
前記制御手段は、前記同一の読み出し処理で読み出された前記画像データの代わりに、同一の前記読み出し処理で読み出された前記各画像データの前記各読み出しICごとの平均値または合計値をそれぞれ算出し、前記各画像データの前記各読み出しICごとの平均値または合計値の中から最大値と最小値とを抽出し、または、前記各画像データの前記各読み出しICごとの平均値または合計値から前記平均値または合計値の前記移動平均をそれぞれ減算した値の中から最大値と最小値とを抽出することを特徴とする請求の範囲第3項または第4項に記載の放射線画像撮影装置。 - 前記制御手段は、前記放射線画像撮影前の画像データの読み出し処理の際に、前記走査駆動手段から、前記検出部上で隣接しない複数の前記走査線に同時にオン電圧を印加して前記読み出し処理を行うことを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項から第5項のいずれか一項に記載の放射線画像撮影装置。
- 前記複数の放射線検出素子が二次元状に配列された前記検出部上で、前記各信号線または前記各走査線或いはその両方が各延在方向の途中で分断されて、前記検出部が、複数の領域に分割されており、前記各領域ごとに前記走査駆動手段が設けられており、
前記制御手段は、前記放射線画像撮影前の画像データの読み出し処理の際に、一の前記領域に対応する前記走査駆動手段から、当該領域の前記走査線にオン電圧を印加するタイミングが、他の前記領域に対応する前記走査駆動手段から当該他の領域の前記走査線にオン電圧を印加するタイミングと同時にならないように、オン電圧を印加して前記読み出し処理を行うことを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項から第6項のいずれか一項に記載の放射線画像撮影装置。 - 前記制御手段は、放射線の照射が開始されたことを検出すると、前記走査駆動手段から全ての前記走査線にオフ電圧を印加して前記各スイッチ手段をオフ状態とした状態を維持して電荷蓄積モードに移行し、前記走査駆動手段から全ての前記走査線にオフ電圧を印加した状態で前記読み出し回路に読み出し動作を行わせて、前記スイッチ手段を介して前記各放射線検出素子からリークする電荷に相当するリークデータの読み出し処理を行わせ、読み出した前記リークデータが閾値以下になった時点で放射線の照射が終了したことを検出すると、前記走査駆動手段から前記各走査線にオン電圧を順次印加させ、前記読み出し回路に順次読み出し動作を行わせて、前記各放射線検出素子からの前記画像データの読み出し処理を行わせることを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項から第7項のいずれか一項に記載の放射線画像撮影装置。
- 前記制御手段は、前記放射線照射終了後の画像データの読み出し処理を終了した後、放射線が照射されない状態で、前記放射線画像撮影前の画像データの読み出し処理、前記電荷蓄積モードへの移行、および前記放射線照射終了後の画像データの読み出し処理と同じタイミングで前記走査駆動手段から前記各走査線に印加する電圧をオン電圧とオフ電圧との間で切り替えて、前記各放射線検出素子からそれぞれオフセット補正値を読み出すオフセット補正値読み出し処理を行わせることを特徴とする請求の範囲第8項に記載の放射線画像撮影装置。
- 前記制御手段は、前記放射線照射終了後の画像データの読み出し処理を終了した後、前記放射線画像撮影前の画像データの読み出し処理と同じタイミングで前記走査駆動手段から前記各走査線に印加する電圧をオン電圧とオフ電圧との間で切り替える際に、画像データの読み出し処理の代わりに、前記各放射線検出素子のリセット処理を行わせることを特徴とする請求の範囲第9項に記載の放射線画像撮影装置。
- 前記各走査線にオン電圧を順次印加して、前記検出部上に配列された全ての前記放射線検出素子のうち前記画像データを読み出す対象の前記各放射線検出素子から前記各画像データを読み出す期間を1フレームとするとき、
前記制御手段は、
前記放射線画像撮影前の画像データの読み出し処理において、1フレーム分の前記画像データの読み出し処理が終了した後、前記電荷蓄積モードにおいて前記走査駆動手段から全ての前記走査線にオフ電圧を印加する期間と同じ期間だけ全ての前記走査線にオフ電圧を印加し、その後、次のフレームの前記画像データの読み出し処理を開始するようにして、各フレームごとの前記画像データの読み出し処理を行うとともに、
放射線の照射が開始される前の前記フレームで読み出された前記画像データを、前記各放射線検出素子についての各オフセット補正値としてそれぞれ決定することを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項から第8項のいずれか一項に記載の放射線画像撮影装置。 - 前記走査駆動手段は、
電源回路とゲートドライバとを備え、
前記ゲートドライバにいずれの前記走査線とも接続されていない非接続の端子が存在する場合には、少なくとも放射線画像撮影前の前記画像データの読み出し処理において前記ゲートドライバから前記各走査線にオン電圧を順次印加する際に、前記ゲートドライバの前記非接続の端子にはオン電圧を印加せず、常に前記走査線が接続されているいずれかの端子にオン電圧を印加するようにして、前記ゲートドライバから前記各走査線にオン電圧を順次印加することを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項から第11項のいずれか一項に記載の放射線画像撮影装置。 - 前記走査駆動手段は、
電源回路とゲートドライバとを備え、
前記ゲートドライバにいずれの前記走査線とも接続されていない非接続の端子が存在する場合には、少なくとも放射線画像撮影前の前記画像データの読み出し処理において前記ゲートドライバから前記各走査線にオン電圧を順次印加する際に、前記ゲートドライバの前記非接続の端子にオン電圧を印加するタイミングでは、前記走査線が接続されている端子にオン電圧を印加する時間間隔よりも短い時間間隔でオン電圧を順次印加するようにして、前記ゲートドライバの各端子にオン電圧を順次印加することを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項から第11項のいずれか一項に記載の放射線画像撮影装置。 - 前記走査駆動手段は、
電源回路とゲートドライバとを備え、
前記ゲートドライバにいずれの前記走査線とも接続されていない非接続の端子が存在する場合には、少なくとも放射線画像撮影前の前記画像データの読み出し処理において前記ゲートドライバから前記各走査線にオン電圧を順次印加する際に、前記ゲートドライバの前記非接続の端子にオン電圧を印加するタイミングでは、前記走査線が接続されている端子に同時にオン電圧を印加して、各タイミングでいずれかの前記走査線にオン電圧が印加されるようにして、前記ゲートドライバから前記各走査線にオン電圧を順次印加することを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項から第11項のいずれか一項に記載の放射線画像撮影装置。 - 前記走査駆動手段は、
電源回路とゲートドライバとを備え、
前記検出部上で、前記各信号線または前記各走査線或いはその両方が各延在方向の途中で分断されて、前記検出部が、複数の領域に分割されており、かつ、前記各領域ごとに前記ゲートドライバが設けられており、
前記各ゲートドライバにいずれの前記走査線とも接続されていない非接続の端子がそれぞれ存在する場合には、少なくとも放射線画像撮影前の前記画像データの読み出し処理において前記各ゲートドライバから前記各走査線にオン電圧を順次印加する際に、一方の前記ゲートドライバにおいて前記非接続の端子にオン電圧を印加するタイミングでは、他方の前記ゲートドライバにおいては前記走査線が接続されている端子にオン電圧を印加して、各タイミングでいずれかの前記走査線にオン電圧が印加されるようにして、前記各ゲートドライバから前記各走査線にオン電圧を順次印加することを特徴とする請求の範囲第1項から第11項のいずれか一項に記載の放射線画像撮影装置。
Priority Applications (4)
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US13/701,713 US8785876B2 (en) | 2010-06-03 | 2011-03-02 | Radiation image capturing apparatus |
CN201180027430.7A CN102934423B (zh) | 2010-06-03 | 2011-03-02 | 放射线图像拍摄装置 |
JP2012518274A JP5704170B2 (ja) | 2010-06-03 | 2011-03-02 | 放射線画像撮影装置 |
EP11789505.2A EP2579577A4 (en) | 2010-06-03 | 2011-03-02 | RADIOGRAPHIC IMAGING DEVICE |
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EP (1) | EP2579577A4 (ja) |
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Also Published As
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JPWO2011152093A1 (ja) | 2013-07-25 |
US8785876B2 (en) | 2014-07-22 |
CN102934423B (zh) | 2016-04-06 |
EP2579577A1 (en) | 2013-04-10 |
US20130068961A1 (en) | 2013-03-21 |
EP2579577A4 (en) | 2014-03-19 |
JP5704170B2 (ja) | 2015-04-22 |
CN102934423A (zh) | 2013-02-13 |
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