WO2010079607A1 - 液晶アレイ検査装置および液晶アレイ検査装置の信号処理方法 - Google Patents
液晶アレイ検査装置および液晶アレイ検査装置の信号処理方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010079607A1 WO2010079607A1 PCT/JP2009/050199 JP2009050199W WO2010079607A1 WO 2010079607 A1 WO2010079607 A1 WO 2010079607A1 JP 2009050199 W JP2009050199 W JP 2009050199W WO 2010079607 A1 WO2010079607 A1 WO 2010079607A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/28—Testing of electronic circuits, e.g. by signal tracer
- G01R31/302—Contactless testing
- G01R31/305—Contactless testing using electron beams
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/006—Electronic inspection or testing of displays and display drivers, e.g. of LED or LCD displays
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/95—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination characterised by the material or shape of the object to be examined
- G01N2021/9513—Liquid crystal panels
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
- G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
- G09G3/3611—Control of matrices with row and column drivers
- G09G3/3648—Control of matrices with row and column drivers using an active matrix
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal array inspection apparatus that inspects a liquid crystal array using a captured image obtained by capturing an image on a liquid crystal substrate, and more particularly to data processing with a detection intensity suitable for defect detection.
- a picked-up image obtained by picking up an image on a liquid crystal substrate an optical pick-up image obtained by optical pick-up or a charged particle beam such as an electron beam or an ion beam is two-dimensionally displayed on the substrate.
- a scanned image obtained by scanning can be used.
- TFT array substrate inspection for example, an electron beam is used as a charged particle beam, and the TFT A scan image is acquired by scanning the array substrate, and an inspection is performed based on the scan image (Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- an inspection signal is applied to an array of liquid crystal substrates to be inspected, a charged particle beam such as an electron beam or an ion beam is scanned two-dimensionally on the substrate, and substrate inspection is performed based on a scanning image obtained by beam scanning.
- Array inspection devices that perform are known. In array inspection, secondary electrons emitted by electron beam irradiation are detected by converting them into analog signals using a photomultiplier or the like, and array defects are determined based on the signal intensity of the detection signals.
- the detection intensity is normalized by expressing it with, for example, 256 gradations.
- a signal intensity as a reference is required. Two values having different signal intensities are used as base values serving as signal intensity standards.
- a low signal strength value and a high signal strength value are set as a reference value and a normal value
- a reference value is set as 0
- a normal value is set as 100
- a tone signal Define the base value for the level.
- the reference value for example, it is known to use the signal intensity obtained from the frame constituting the substrate as the detection intensity obtained from zero potential (see Patent Document 3).
- an inspection signal having a different voltage is applied to the pixel on the substrate, and a reference value and a normal value obtained from the two signal intensities by applying the voltage are used as a base value.
- the detection intensity of secondary electrons includes fluctuations (fluctuations) associated with scanning. For this reason, when the gradation is set using one base value for one panel, the gradation value cannot correspond to the variation included in the detection intensity, so the gradation value varies with the fluctuation of the detection intensity. Fluctuates, and there arises a problem that even if the pixel potential is the same, the gradation value becomes different.
- the base value is dynamically calculated for each target pixel to suppress the fluctuation of the gradation value due to the fluctuation of the detection intensity.
- the detection intensity is obtained for a plurality of pixels in the vicinity of the target pixel, and the detection intensity of the median value is obtained by median processing using the plurality of detection intensities, and this detection is performed. This is done by setting the intensity as the base value of the target pixel.
- the detection intensity of the defective pixel is calculated as the detection intensity of the target pixel by median processing. There is a problem that an erroneous detection intensity is set for the target pixel.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining the conventional calculation of the detection intensity of normal pixels.
- FIG. 13A is a diagram for explaining the relationship among the target pixel Psu, the neighboring pixel Pne, the normal pixel Pno, and the defective pixel Pde, and
- FIG. 13B is a diagram for explaining the median processing.
- FIG. 13A shows a case where eight pixels are set around the target pixel Psu as the neighboring pixels Pne. Five of the neighboring pixels Pne are defective pixels, and the remaining four are normal pixels. In FIG. 13A, defective pixels are indicated by hatched pixels.
- the detection intensity of the target pixel Psu in FIG. 13A is represented by “e”, and the detection intensity of the normal pixel Pno among the detection intensity of the surrounding eight neighboring pixels Pne is “f”, “h”, “i”.
- the detected intensity of the defective pixel Pde is represented by “a”, “b”, “c” c, “d”, “g”.
- FIG. 13A when there is a large defect, an erroneous detection intensity may be calculated by median processing.
- FIG. 13B shows an example of median processing.
- the detection intensity g of the defective pixel Pde is calculated as the detection intensity of the target pixel Psu.
- the detection intensity of the defective pixel is assumed to be higher than the detection intensity of the normal pixel.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram for explaining defect detection failure and erroneous detection due to erroneous calculation of the detection intensity.
- “100” indicates the detection intensity when there is no defect
- “200” indicates the detection intensity when there is a defect.
- the intensity “100” is calculated as a normal value as the detection intensity of the target pixel Psu by the median processing.
- the intensity “200” is calculated as a normal value as the detection intensity of the target pixel Psu by the median processing.
- FIG. 14B shows the calculated normal value, and the defect value (intensity 200) is calculated as the normal value as the detection intensity of the pixels indicated by A and B.
- FIG. 14C shows the detected intensity of the target pixels A, B, C, and D on one line
- FIG. 14D shows the normal value (intensity 100) calculated for the pixels A, B, C, and D.
- FIG. 14E shows the gradation values of the pixels A, B, C, and D. Since the detection intensity 200 is set as a normal value for the pixel A, it is not determined as a defect even though it is a defect value (intensity 200), and defect detection fails. Further, since the detection intensity 200 is set as a normal value, the pixel B is determined as a defect while being a normal value (intensity 100), and is erroneously detected.
- the present invention solves the above-described conventional problems, suppresses fluctuations due to fluctuations included in the detection intensity in the calculation of the normal value for determining the gradation, and affects the influence of the defect intensity of neighboring pixels on the normal value.
- the purpose is to reduce and calculate an appropriate normal value from the detected intensity.
- a gradation that is expressed by standardizing the detection intensity is appropriately set.
- the normal value is a detection level of detection intensity detected from a normal pixel when a predetermined voltage is applied to the pixel by driving the array.
- the detection intensity of the neighboring pixels is set for each pixel when the detection intensity is within the level range assumed by the panel. Is used to calculate the normal value of the pixel, while if the detected intensity is out of the level range assumed by the panel, the normal value of the pixel is determined to avoid the influence of the defect intensity of neighboring pixels. Without calculation, the normal value set for the adjacent pixel is set as the normal value for that pixel. Whether or not the detected intensity is in a level range assumed by the panel is determined using the standard deviation of the panel.
- the present invention includes an aspect of a signal processing method for a liquid crystal array inspection apparatus and an aspect of a liquid crystal array inspection apparatus.
- the aspect of the signal processing method of the liquid crystal array inspection apparatus of the present invention is to drive the array by applying an inspection signal of a predetermined voltage to the liquid crystal substrate, detect secondary electrons obtained by irradiating the liquid crystal substrate with an electron beam,
- This is a signal processing method for a liquid crystal array inspection apparatus that inspects an array of liquid crystal substrates based on the detection intensity of secondary electrons.
- the signal processing includes a gradation setting process, a gradation value calculation process, a defect determination process, and a normal value calculation process.
- the detection intensity of the pixel in the normal driving state is set as a normal value
- the detection intensity of the pixel in the non-driving state is set as a reference value
- the gradation of the detection intensity of the pixel is based on the normal value and the reference value.
- the gradation setting step includes a normal value calculation step for calculating a normal value.
- this normal value calculation step the average value and standard deviation of the entire panel including all pixels are calculated, and the detection intensity of each pixel is compared with a normal range determined by the average value and standard deviation. In this comparison, when the detected intensity of each pixel is within the normal range, a calculated value obtained by moving average processing the detected intensity of a plurality of pixels in the vicinity of the pixel is set as the normal value of that pixel. On the other hand, when the detected intensity of each pixel is outside the normal range in the comparison, the normal value calculated for the adjacent pixel is set as the normal value of that pixel.
- the present invention can improve the processing speed by performing the following calculation process.
- this high-speed calculation process an average value in a range wider than the range in which the moving average process is performed is calculated in advance, and the average value in a wide range is used for calculation as a normal value of each pixel. This reduces the number of calculations performed in the moving average process.
- This calculation process utilizes the fact that the normal value of a normal pixel in the panel is approximately the same level, and that this normal value is approximately equal to the average value of the range in which the pixel is included.
- an average value calculated in advance for pixels other than the target pixel is used to reduce the calculation processing amount.
- an arbitrary area including the target pixel is set on the panel, and a total value of detection intensities of pixels included in this area is obtained in advance.
- the obtained sum is weighted, and a value obtained by adding the detected intensity of the target pixel to the weighted value is calculated as the normal value of the pixel. .
- the weight attached to the total value can be (m ⁇ 1) / n.
- m is the number of pixels used for the moving average process
- n is the number of pixels used for calculating the total value.
- the signal processing apparatus of the liquid crystal array inspection apparatus of the present invention detects secondary electrons obtained by applying an inspection signal of a predetermined voltage to the liquid crystal substrate to drive the array and irradiating the liquid crystal substrate with an electron beam.
- the liquid crystal array inspection apparatus inspects the array of the liquid crystal substrate based on the detection intensity of the secondary electrons.
- the liquid crystal array inspection apparatus of the present invention includes a signal processing unit that performs signal processing on the detected intensity.
- the signal processing unit includes a gradation setting unit, a gradation value calculation unit, and a defect determination unit.
- the gradation setting unit sets the gradation of the pixel detection intensity using the detection intensity of the pixel in a normal driving state as a normal value and the detection intensity of the non-driving pixel as a reference value.
- the gradation value calculation unit calculates a gradation value corresponding to the detected intensity detected from each pixel based on the gradation set by the gradation setting unit.
- the defect determination unit performs defect determination by comparing the gradation value of each pixel calculated by the gradation value calculation unit with a threshold value set in advance for defect determination.
- the gradation setting unit of the present invention includes a normal value calculation unit that calculates a normal value.
- the normal value calculation unit includes an average value calculation unit that calculates an average value of the entire panel including all pixels, a standard deviation calculation unit that calculates a standard deviation of the entire panel including all pixels, and a normal value and a standard deviation.
- a comparison unit that determines a range and compares the detection intensity of each pixel with the normal range, a normal value setting switching unit that switches a normal value calculation based on a comparison result of the comparison unit, and a normal value calculation unit that calculates a normal value With.
- the normal value setting switching unit of the present invention based on the comparison result of the comparison unit, when the detection intensity of each pixel is within the normal range, the normal value calculation unit displays the detection intensity of a plurality of neighboring pixels for the target pixel.
- the used moving average process is performed, and the calculated value obtained by the moving average process is set as the normal value of the target pixel.
- the normal value calculated for the pixel adjacent to the target pixel is set as the normal value of the target pixel.
- the normal value calculation unit is a total calculation unit that calculates the total value of the detection intensities of pixels included in an arbitrary area set on the panel, and for each pixel in the area, the target pixel is detected by weighting the total value.
- a moving average calculating unit that calculates a value obtained by adding the intensities and calculates a moving average value of the detected intensities;
- the weight added to the total value is (m ⁇ 1) / n.
- m is the number of pixels used for the moving average process
- n is the number of pixels used for calculating the total value.
- the amount of calculation processing can be reduced by obtaining a total amount in a predetermined area in advance and using a value obtained by weighting the total amount. Can be improved.
- the influence of the defect intensity of neighboring pixels on the normal value can be reduced, and an appropriate normal value can be calculated from the detected intensity.
- FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram for explaining an example of high-speed calculation processing of normal values of pixels according to the present invention. It is a figure for demonstrating calculation of the detection intensity of the conventional normal pixel. It is a figure for demonstrating the detection failure of a defect and misdetection by detection intensity being miscalculated.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram for explaining a configuration example of a liquid crystal array inspection apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a configuration example in which an electron beam is irradiated on the liquid crystal substrate, secondary electrons emitted from the liquid crystal substrate are detected, and a captured image is acquired from the detected intensity.
- a liquid crystal array inspection apparatus 1 includes a stage 2 on which a liquid crystal substrate 100 is placed and can be conveyed in the XY directions, an electron gun 3 and a liquid crystal substrate 100 that are disposed above the stage 2 and separated from the stage 2. And a detector 4 for detecting secondary electrons emitted from pixels (not shown) of the panel 101.
- the drive of the stage 2 is controlled by the stage drive control unit 6, and the electron gun 3 is controlled by the electron beam scanning control unit 5 to irradiate the electron beam and scan on the liquid crystal substrate 100.
- the detection signal of the secondary electrons detected by the detector 4 is processed by the signal processing unit 10, and the obtained gradation value is used by the defect determination unit 20 for pixel defect determination.
- the driving operation of each of the electron beam scanning control unit 5, the stage drive control unit 6, the signal processing unit 10, and the defect determination unit 20 is controlled by the control unit 7.
- the control unit 7 has a function of performing control including the entire operation of the liquid crystal array inspection apparatus 1, and can be configured by a CPU that performs these controls and a memory that stores a program that controls the CPU.
- the stage 2 mounts the liquid crystal substrate 100 and is movable in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction by the stage drive control unit 6, and the electron beam irradiated from the electron gun 3 is an electron beam scanning control unit 5. Can be swung in the X-axis direction or the Y-axis direction.
- the stage drive control unit 6 and the electron beam scanning control unit 5 can scan the electron beam on the liquid crystal substrate 100 alone or in cooperation with each other, and irradiate each pixel on the panel 101 of the liquid crystal substrate 100.
- the panel of the liquid crystal substrate is provided with a plurality of pixels, and the detection intensity detected at each pixel is used to detect the presence / absence of a defect in the plurality of pixels.
- the detection intensity to be detected changes depending on the measurement environment such as the intensity of the irradiated electron beam and the detection sensitivity of the detector in addition to the presence or absence of a pixel defect.
- An accurate defect determination cannot be made by comparing raw data with a threshold value. Therefore, it is necessary to standardize the detected detection intensity and convert it into a value that does not depend on the measurement environment, and to perform defect determination using this value.
- the detection intensity is converted into a gradation value, and the defect determination is performed by comparing the gradation value with a predetermined threshold value.
- the reference detection intensity is obtained from the pixel, and the gradation is set based on this detection intensity.
- a normal value and a reference value are used as reference detection intensities.
- the detection intensity of a pixel in a normal driving state is a normal value
- the detection intensity of a pixel in a non-driving state is a reference value.
- the normal value can be, for example, a detection intensity detected from a normal pixel that is array-driven by a test signal and applied with a predetermined voltage
- the reference value is a detection intensity obtained from a pixel that is not array-driven, for example.
- a low signal strength value and a high signal strength value are set as a reference value and a normal value
- a reference value is set as 0
- a normal value is set as 100
- a tone signal Define the base value for the level.
- the pixel detection intensity is obtained (S1), and a normal value (intensity 100) and a reference value (intensity 0) are calculated.
- 3A shows a state in which the array is driven and a predetermined voltage is applied to the pixel
- FIG. 3B shows a state in which the array is not driven or a predetermined reference voltage is applied
- FIG. Indicates a state in which an inspection signal is applied and detection intensity is acquired from a normal pixel and a defective pixel.
- the detected intensity acquired from the pixel to which the predetermined voltage is applied is set as a normal value.
- an intensity of 100 is set as the normal value.
- the intensity 100 is an example determined as an appropriate value for 256 gradations, and is not necessarily a value of the intensity 100, and another numerical value may be set.
- the detected intensity acquired from the pixel of the reference voltage is set as the reference value.
- 0 is set as the reference value.
- the intensity 0 is an example determined as an appropriate value for 256 gradations, and is not necessarily a value of intensity 0, and another numerical value may be set (S2, S3).
- the gradation is set based on the calculated normal value (intensity 100) and the reference value (intensity 0).
- FIG. 3D shows the detection intensity
- FIG. 3E shows the gradation.
- the normal value (intensity 100) is associated with “100” of 256 gradations
- the reference value (intensity 0) is associated with “0” of 256 gradations. Yes.
- gradation is set (S4).
- the gradation value of the detection intensity of each pixel is obtained for the obtained gradation.
- the obtained pixel gradation value can evaluate the detection intensity based on the same standard even when the measurement environment such as the electron beam irradiation state or the detection level of the detector changes.
- the detection intensity of the pixel i in FIG. 3C is the value of the detection intensity xi
- “Xi” is obtained as the gradation value corresponding to the detection intensity xi (FIG. 3 (e)) (S5).
- Defect determination is performed by comparing the obtained gradation value with a predetermined threshold value.
- a gradation value obtained by adding a margin to the gradation value “100” is set as a threshold value (indicated by a broken line in FIG. 3E)
- the gradation value “Xi” is compared with this threshold value.
- the defect is determined (S6).
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a configuration example of the signal processing unit of the present invention.
- the signal processing unit 10 stores a detection intensity xi detected by the detector of secondary electrons from the pixel i, a detection value of a pixel in a normal driving state is set to a normal value, and a pixel in a non-driving state is detected.
- the gradation setting unit 12 that sets the gradation of the detection intensity of the pixel using the intensity as a reference value
- the pixel gradation value storage unit 16 that stores the gradation set by the gradation setting unit 12
- a gradation value calculation unit 17 is provided that calculates a gradation value Xi corresponding to the detected intensity xi detected from each pixel based on the set gradation.
- the gradation setting unit 12 includes a normal value calculation unit 13 that calculates a normal value for setting a gradation, a reference value calculation unit 14 that calculates a reference value, and a gradation based on the calculated normal value and the reference value.
- a gradation calculation unit 15 for calculation is provided.
- ⁇ p 2 ⁇ i n (xi ⁇ p) 2 It is expressed by the following formula.
- n is the number of pixels included in the panel (S11).
- the detection intensity xi of the pixel i is read (S12). It is determined whether the read detection intensity xi is within the level range assumed by the panel or out of the range. In this determination, ( ⁇ p ⁇ k ⁇ ⁇ p) set using the average value ⁇ p and the standard deviation ⁇ p obtained in the step S11 can be used as the level range.
- k is an arbitrarily determined coefficient. When the allowable amount due to fluctuation is small, a small value is set for k, and when the allowable amount due to fluctuation is large, a large value is set for k. In this comparison, if the detected intensity xi is equal to ( ⁇ p ⁇ k ⁇ ⁇ p), it may be determined to be within or outside the range (S13).
- the detection intensity xi is within the set level range ( ⁇ p ⁇ k ⁇ ⁇ p), it is determined that it is not affected by fluctuations due to the measurement environment, and the normal value of this pixel is detected as the detection intensity of neighboring pixels. Is calculated by moving average processing. The calculation of the normal value will be described later with reference to FIGS. 7 to 9 (S14).
- step S13 if the detected intensity xi is outside the set level range ( ⁇ p ⁇ k ⁇ ⁇ p) in step S13, it is determined that the pixel is affected by fluctuations due to the measurement environment, etc.
- the calculation of the normal value by the moving average process using the detection intensity of the neighboring pixel is canceled, and the normal value set for the neighboring pixel is diverted (S15).
- the normal value of each pixel of the panel is calculated by performing steps S12 to S15 for all the pixels of the panel (S16).
- FIG. 6 is a schematic block diagram for explaining a configuration example of the normal value calculation unit of the present invention.
- the normal value calculation unit 13 of the present invention includes an average value calculation unit 13a that calculates an average value ⁇ p of the entire panel including all pixels, a standard deviation calculation unit 13b that calculates a standard deviation ⁇ p of the entire panel including all pixels, The comparison unit 13c that compares the detection intensity xi of each pixel with a normal range ( ⁇ p ⁇ k ⁇ ⁇ p) determined by the average value ⁇ p and the standard deviation ⁇ p and the calculation of the normal value are switched based on the comparison result of the comparison unit 13c.
- a normal value setting switching unit 13d, a normal value calculation unit 13e that calculates a normal value, and a normal value storage unit 13f that stores the set normal value are provided.
- the normal value setting switching unit 13d makes the normal value calculation unit 13e close to this pixel.
- the moving average process is instructed using the detected intensities of the plurality of pixels, and the calculated value obtained by the moving average process is stored as a normal value of this pixel.
- the normal value storage unit 13f is instructed to store the normal value set in the adjacent pixel as the normal value of this pixel.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart for explaining normal value calculation processing
- FIGS. 8 and 9 are explanatory diagrams for explaining normal value calculation processing.
- step S13 for the pixel i determined to calculate a normal value (S21), the set pixel i and the detected intensity of the pixel in the vicinity of the pixel i are read from the storage unit.
- Neighboring pixels can be arbitrarily determined. For example, in a pixel array arranged in a grid, eight pixels surrounding the target pixel are set as neighboring pixels, or pixels arranged in a line in the x-direction or y-direction with the target pixel as the center are used as neighboring pixels. It is possible to set the pixels arranged in a cross shape in both the x and y directions as neighboring pixels (S22).
- the average value ⁇ i is calculated by moving average processing using the read detection intensity of the neighboring pixel and the detection intensity of the target pixel (S23), and the calculated average value ⁇ i is set as a normal value of the target pixel i (S24). Steps S21 to S24 are repeated for all the pixels of the panel, and normal values are calculated for all the pixels (S25).
- FIG. 8A schematically shows the detection position of the pixel detection intensity.
- the panel 101 includes a plurality of pixels 102 arranged in a grid, and the detection intensity is detected from each pixel 102.
- FIG. 8A shows an example in which the detection intensity is acquired from one detection position for each pixel 102 for the sake of simplicity. However, a plurality of detection positions are set for each pixel 102 and a plurality of detection intensities are set. Detection intensity can also be acquired.
- FIG. 8B shows the detected intensity value detected on one line
- FIG. 8C shows the normal value set from the detected intensity
- the detection intensities of the pixels A to D are within the normal range ( ⁇ p + k ⁇ p)
- the detection intensities of the pixels E and F are outside the normal range ( ⁇ p + k ⁇ p)
- the detection intensities of the pixels G to J are normal.
- An example in the range ( ⁇ p + k ⁇ p) is shown.
- ( ⁇ p + k ⁇ p) is indicated by a one-dot chain line.
- the detection intensities of the pixels A to D are within the normal range ( ⁇ p + k ⁇ p)
- normal values are calculated and set by the processes of S14 and S21 to S24, and the detection intensities of the pixels E and F are in the normal range ( ⁇ p + k ⁇ p). Therefore, the normal value set in the adjacent pixel by the step of S15 is set.
- the normal value set in the pixel D is used for setting. Since the detection intensity of the next pixels G to J is within the normal range ( ⁇ p + k ⁇ p), normal values are calculated and set in steps S14 and S21 to S24.
- FIG. 9 shows a diagram for setting defect detection by setting normal values according to the present invention.
- FIG. 9B shows the detected intensities of the pixels B to G on one line
- FIG. 9C shows the normal value (intensity 100) calculated by the moving average of the pixels B to G.
- FIG. ) Represents a gradation value.
- the normal values of the adjacent pixels C can be used as the normal values of the pixels D and E, the influence of the defect intensity can be suppressed, so that defect detection can be performed.
- the present invention can improve the calculation speed by using the total value of the detected intensities obtained in the set area in the calculation for calculating the normal value of the pixel.
- FIG. 11B shows an example of the region R1 set on the panel.
- the region R1 shows an example including n pixels.
- FIG. 11A shows an example of a pixel region R2 in which moving average processing for calculating a normal value for the target pixel i is performed.
- the region R2 shows an example including m pixels (S31).
- xi is the detection intensity of the pixel i
- n is the total number of pixels included in the region.
- a value “N / n” obtained by dividing the total value N by the total number n of pixels corresponds to an average value of detection intensities of the respective pixels (S32).
- FIG. 11C shows a state in which the moving average value ⁇ i is calculated using the detection intensities of m pixels.
- the target pixel i is selected from within the region R1 (S33), and the detected intensity xi of the selected pixel i is read from the storage unit (S34).
- the sum total value N calculated in step S32 is weighted, and the detected intensity xi of the target pixel i read in step S34 is added to the weighted sum value, and this sum is calculated as a moving average value.
- (m ⁇ 1) / n can be used as a weighting coefficient for weighting the total value N
- the calculated moving average value ⁇ i ((m ⁇ 1) / n) ⁇ N + xi) / m
- m is the number of pixels used when moving average processing is performed on the target pixel.
- the moving average value ⁇ i obtained by the above formula is the detection intensity “N / n” obtained by dividing the detection intensity xi of the target pixel i and the total value N by n as m detection intensities used in the moving average process (m -1) It is calculated by using one.
- “(m ⁇ 1) / n) ⁇ N” corresponds to a value obtained by adding (m ⁇ 1) detection intensities obtained from the total value N.
- FIG. 12 shows a configuration example of a normal value calculation unit 13e that calculates a normal value.
- the normal value calculation unit 13e includes a total calculation unit 13e1 that calculates a total value N of detection intensities of pixels included in an arbitrary region set on the panel, and a value obtained by weighting the total value N for each pixel in the region. A value obtained by adding the detection intensities xi of the pixels i to calculate a moving average value ⁇ i of the detection intensities; a normal value setting unit 13e3 that sets the calculated moving average value ⁇ i as a normal value; An area storage unit 13e4 is provided for storing areas used for summation calculation.
- the normal value calculation process used for gradation setting according to the present invention is not limited to the liquid crystal array inspection apparatus, but can be applied to the substrate inspection of semiconductor elements.
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Abstract
Description
2 ステージ
3 電子銃
4 検出器
5 電子線走査制御部
6 ステージ駆動制御部
7 制御部
10 信号処理部
11 記憶部
12 階調設定部
13 正常値算出部
13a 平均値演算部
13b 標準偏差演算部
13c 比較部
13d 正常値設定切替部
13e 正常値演算部
13e1 総和算出部
13e2 移動平均演算部
13e3 正常値設定部
13e4 領域記憶部
13f 正常値記憶部
14 基準値算出部
15 階調算出部
16 ピクセル階調値記憶部
17 階調値算出部
20 欠陥判定部
100 液晶基板
101 パネル
102 ピクセル
μp=Σi n(xi)
の式で表される。
σp2=Σi n(xi-μp) 2
の式で表される。上記平均値と標準偏差の式において、nはパネルが含むピクセルの個数である(S11)。
μi=((m-1)/n)・N+xi)/m
で表される。ここで、mは対象ピクセルに対する移動平均処理を行う際に用いるピクセルの個数である。
Claims (6)
- 液晶基板に所定電圧の検査信号を印加してアレイを駆動し、前記液晶基板に電子線を照射して得られる二次電子を検出し、前記二次電子の検出強度に基づいて液晶基板のアレイを検査する液晶アレイ検査装置の信号処理方法であって、
正常な駆動状態のピクセルの検出強度を正常値とし、非駆動状態のピクセルの検出強度を基準値として、ピクセルの検出強度の階調を設定する階調設定工程と、
前記階調に従って各ピクセルから検出される検出強度に対応する階調値を算出する階調値算出工程と、
前記階調値と閾値とを比較することによって欠陥判定を行う欠陥判定工程とを備え、
前記階調設定工程は前記正常値を算出する正常値算出工程を有し、
前記正常値算出工程は、
全ピクセルを含むパネル全体の平均値と標準偏差を算出し、
各ピクセルの検出強度を、前記平均値と前記標準偏差で定められる正常範囲と比較し、
各ピクセルの検出強度が前記正常範囲内であるときには、当該ピクセルの近傍の複数のピクセルの検出強度の移動平均処理で得られる算出値を当該ピクセルの正常値とし、
各ピクセルの検出強度が前記正常範囲外であるときには、隣接するピクセルで算出した正常値を当該ピクセルの正常値とすることを特徴とする、液晶アレイ検査装置の信号処理方法。 - 前記移動平均処理による正常値の算出は、
パネル上に設定した任意の領域において、当該領域に含まれるピクセルの検出強度の総和値を求め、
前記領域内の各ピクセルについて、前記総和値に重み付けした値に当該ピクセルの検出強度を加算した値を当該ピクセルの正常値として算出することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の液晶アレイ検査装置の信号処理方法。 - 前記移動平均処理において前記総和値に付する重み付けは(m-1)/nとし、mは移動平均処理に用いるピクセルの個数であり、nは前記総和値の算出に用いたピクセルの個数であることを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の液晶アレイ検査装置の信号処理方法。
- 液晶基板に所定電圧の検査信号を印加してアレイを駆動し、前記液晶基板に電子線を照射して得られる二次電子を検出し、前記二次電子の検出強度に基づいて液晶基板のアレイを検査する液晶アレイ検査装置であって、
前記検出強度を信号処理する信号処理部を備え、
前記信号処理部は、
正常な駆動状態のピクセルの検出強度を正常値とし、非駆動状態のピクセルの検出強度を基準値として、ピクセルの検出強度の階調を設定する階調設定部と、
前記階調設定部で設定した階調に基づいて各ピクセルから検出される検出強度に対応する階調値を算出する階調値算出部と、
前記階調値と閾値とを比較することによって欠陥判定を行う欠陥判定部とを備え、
前記階調設定部は前記正常値を算出する正常値算出部を有し、
前記正常値算出部は、
全ピクセルを含むパネル全体の平均値を算出する平均値演算部と、
全ピクセルを含むパネル全体の標準偏差を算出する標準偏差演算部と、
各ピクセルの検出強度を、前記平均値と前記標準偏差で定められる正常範囲と比較する比較部と、
前記比較部)の比較結果に基づいて正常値の演算を切り換える正常値設定切替部と、
正常値を演算する正常値演算部とを備え、
正常値設定切替部は、前記比較部の比較結果に基づいて、各ピクセルの検出強度が前記正常範囲内であるときには、前記正常値演算部に当該ピクセルの近傍の複数のピクセルの検出強度の移動平均処理を指示し、当該移動平均処理で得られる算出値を当該ピクセルの正常値とし、各ピクセルの検出強度が前記正常範囲外であるときには、隣接するピクセルで算出した正常値を当該ピクセルの正常値とすることを特徴とする、液晶アレイ検査装置。 - 前記正常値演算部は、
パネル上に設定した任意の領域に含まれるピクセルの検出強度の総和値を算出する総和算出部と、
前記領域内の各ピクセルについて、前記総和値に重み付けした値に当該ピクセルの検出強度を加算した値を算出して、検出強度の移動平均値を算出する移動平均演算部とを備えることを特徴とする、請求項4に記載の液晶アレイ検査装置。 - 前記移動平均演算部において、前記総和値に付する重み付けは(m-1)/nとし、mは移動平均処理に用いるピクセルの個数であり、nは前記総和値の算出に用いたピクセルの個数であることを特徴とする、請求項5に記載の液晶アレイ検査装置。
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JP2003323861A (ja) * | 2002-04-30 | 2003-11-14 | Dainippon Screen Mfg Co Ltd | 電子ビームを用いたパターン検査装置、並びに、それを用いた半導体デバイス製造方法 |
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