WO2009082186A1

WO2009082186A1 - Wind power plant

Info

Publication number: WO2009082186A1
Application number: PCT/KZ2008/000002
Authority: WO
Inventors: Valeryi Aleksandrovich Petrov; Evgeniy Viktorovna Petrova; Oleg Gennadyevich Kalinichenko
Original assignee: Valeryi Aleksandrovich Petrov; Evgeniy Viktorovna Petrova; Oleg Gennadyevich Kalinichenko
Priority date: 2007-12-25
Filing date: 2008-05-06
Publication date: 2009-07-02

Abstract

The known wind power plant which consists of modules comprising each one bucket wheel, which wheels are mounted on the axis of an electric generator and are located on a common mast, also comprises a module with two bucket wheels and an electric generator. Said electric generator is designed in such a way that the rotor and stator thereof can be rotated about a horizontal axis in opposite directions by means the above-mentioned bucket wheels, one of the bucket wheels is coupled to the rotor, the other bucket wheel being coupled to the stator. The buckets of the two wheels are oriented in opposite directions and the wheels are situated on the opposite sides of the generator. The rotor and the stator are provided with bevel gearwheels, the teeth of which are oriented towards each other, and a bevel gear with an axis, which extends outside the plant and is connected to a rotation speed governor, is located between said bevel wheels. The body of the plant is designed in the form of a cylindrical diffuser inside of which the generator with the two bucket wheels is arranged.

Description

WIND POWER INSTALLATION The invention relates to wind energy and can be used to convert wind energy into electrical energy in areas with low average annual wind speeds.

Recently, more and more attention has been paid to the use of wind energy for generating electrical energy. A huge number of blade-type wind-driven installations that have been used in practice for a long time have been developed and produced by different manufacturers. The main disadvantage of all these plants is that they start to work most efficiently at relatively high wind speeds (more than 3-5 m / s). This limits their scope of use, as in many areas there are no persistent strong wind currents. The reason is that the generators used in wind power installations under these conditions cannot develop the optimal rotor speed relative to the stator and do not give out the maximum possible power. The use of step-up gears between the wind wheel and the rotor of the generator is not always justified and is not widely used in practice.

. Known wind power installation used in the combined power station KEC-1,5 (V. Kharitonov. Autonomous wind power plants. - M .: GNU VIESH, 2006, - 280 p.) In which there are two wind turbines, each of which contains paddle wheels, mounted on the axes of generators. The disadvantage of the installation is that it reaches the optimum power mode only when the presence of a sufficiently high wind speed. The use of two electric generators at once complicates the design of the installation, which reduces its reliability and characterizes its cost upward by about 2 times.

Closest to the proposed installation is a two-module wind-driven installation BE-5T-2M (Engineering and Innovation: ESI - 2006. Catalog / Comp. Yu.G. Kulievskaya, G.G. Ulezko, T.V. Zhigaylova, I.A. Vlasova. - Almaty: NTs NTI PK, 2006. - 184 s), which consists of two modules, each containing one impeller mounted on the axis of the electric generator and placed on one mast. The disadvantage of this wind power installation is that it works with the highest efficiency. only at relatively high wind speeds. Power generators are not able to develop maximum speed at low wind speeds and reach optimal operating conditions. The presence of two modules in the installation complicates its design and requires high costs for maintenance operations. This also leads to the high cost of the entire installation, which increases the payback period of the costs incurred for its purchase and installation. The installation does not use wind speed control to ensure constancy

I e.s. power generators in the event of a change in the speed of the wind acting on the wind wheels, and there is no automatic change in the orientation of the wind wheels in case of a change in the direction of the wind.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the rotational speed of the rotor relative to the stator of the generator at low wind speeds and increase the emf created when this generator, as well as the ability to maintain constant rotational speed of the impeller wheels (to maintain a constant value of the emf) and changing the orientation of the entire installation towards the wind in case of a change in its direction.

The technical result of the invention is achieved in that the wind power installation, consisting of modules containing one impeller mounted on the axis of the electric generator, and placed on one mast, contains one module with two impellers and one electric generator, made in such a way that its rotor and the stator can rotate relative to the horizontal axis in different directions due to these impeller wheels, one of which is connected with the rotor, and the second with the stator, the wheel blades are turned in opposite directions Orons and are located on both sides of the generator; on the rotor and stator there are bevel wheels with teeth facing each other with a bevel gear located between them with an axle outside the installation and connected to the speed controller, the installation case being a hollow cylindrical diffuser, inside which a generator with two impeller wheels is placed.

<\ As a result of the proposed technical solution, it is possible to achieve a high relative rotor speed with respect to the stator, which leads to high emf values generator at low wind speeds. This is ensured by two impeller wheels that rotate in different directions. The air flow after acting on the first impeller passes further inside cylindrical diffuser and makes the second wheel rotate in the opposite direction. To preserve the energy of the air flow, a diffuser is used, inside which both wind wheels and the generator itself are located. This diffuser also works as a device that allows you to change the orientation of the installation in the wind in case of a change in wind direction. The kinematic connection between the rotor and the stator ensures a constant ratio of the rotor speed to the stator speed in case of a change in wind speed. In addition, at the start of rotation, the paddle wheels help each other rotate. This is especially important in case of a difference in masses and moments of inertia of the rotor and stator. The bevel gear is used to connect the speed controller device through its axis. At moments of strong wind speeds, this device can ensure the constancy of the speed of rotation of the impeller wheels, and hence the emf generated by the electric generator. Such a device can be a centrifugal regulator, widely used in other samples of wind power plants, or a load electric generator that will operate on an energy storage system.

The device of the wind power installation is shown in FIG. It consists of a diffuser 29, which is the installation body, which is attached to the mast Зl with the help of a rotation bearing 32 and can rotate relative to it (shown by arrow). The diffuser 29 has a cylindrical shape with an expanding part at the outlet of the air flow. The base plate 13 is attached to the diffuser 29 using brackets 30. On the plate 13 are mounted bearing housings: left 1 and the rotor 22 and stator 23 are fixed, which can rotate relative to each other and relative to the plate 13. For their rotation in different directions on the left side of the generator, the impeller 20 is fixed on the axis of the rotor 22, and the impeller 21 is fixed on the right side. The blades of these wheels are inclined so that when they are blown by the wind stream rotate in different directions (shown by arrows). A conical wheel 2 is fixed to the rotor shaft 18 with a key 25. The bearings 19, in which the rotor shaft 18 is mounted, are closed by a cover 28. The stator 23 has a similar conical wheel 3. The bearing 26 of the right housing 12 is also closed by a cover 11. Between the bevel wheels 2 and 3, an expansion sleeve 17 is installed. On the bevel wheels 2 and 3, teeth are made to coordinate the relative speed of their movement. This is ensured by the presence of a bevel gear 14, which rotates in the bearings 24 installed in the gear housing 16. The axis of the bevel gear 14 is fixed in the bearings 24 with a cover 15, extended outside the bottom plate of the base 13 and has a place for connecting the number control device at the end generator revolutions (not shown in FIG.). On the stator there is a housing-cover 4 and a disk-insulator 5, on which the collector rings are installed 6. The windings of the stator coils 27 are connected to these rings. The voltage generated by the generator during operation is removed by means of the sliding contacts 10 installed in the insulators 7, which are pressed to the collector rings by means of springs 8. The contact system of the collector is closed by a cover 9. The presented wind-driven installation works as follows. Thanks to the cylindrical diffuser 29 the entire installation (module) is installed along the direction of the wind so that the narrow side of the diffuser becomes towards the air flow. Thanks to the bearing 32, the diffuser rotates relative to the mast 32 following the changing wind flow. Under the influence of air flow, the wind wheel 20 at the inlet of the diffuser 29 begins to rotate in one direction. It transmits rotation to the rotor 22, which is located inside the stator 23 and is mounted in bearings 28 on the strut 1. Together with the rotor 22, the bevel wheel 2 rotates. This wheel transmits the rotation by means of the bevel gear 14 to the bevel gear 3 connected to the stator 23. The wind flow inside the diffuser 29 blows around the generator housing and lands on the impeller 21, which is located on the axis of the stator 23. The axis of the stator on the right side is fixed in bearings 26 mounted in the rack 12. When the stator 23 rotates, the conic rotates with it skoe wheel 3 which through bevel pinion 14 transmits the rotation of the rotor 22 through the bevel gear 2. Thus, the rotor 22 and stator 23 rotate synchronously in different directions, and the ratio of their speeds determined by the ratio of the kinematic transmission teeth formed therebetween. When the rotor and the stator rotate in different directions, an emf occurs in the circuit of the stator coil 27 under the influence of rotation of a group of magnets mounted on the rotor 22. The winding of the stator coils is connected to the collector rings 6 and 10, on the disk-insulator 5. Through the sliding contacts 10 installed in the insulators 7 and pressed to the collector rings 6 by means of springs 8, the electric transmission current to the consumer (not shown in FIG.). At constant approximately the same emf value is maintained at the air flow rate in the circuit

In the case of increasing wind speed, the speed of rotation of the wind wheels 20 and 21 is controlled by a bevel gear 14, to which a centrifugal speed controller (not shown) can be connected or a load generator with an electronic speed measuring system. This ensures that the speeds of the wind wheels 21 and 20 are maintained at the same level, and this corresponds to the same value of the emf. generator. In the absence of such a need, the bevel gear 14 may spin idle. In this case, the wind power installation can work on the accumulation of electrical energy (battery).

Thanks to the proposed technical solution, the wind power installation can operate at low wind speeds, providing a sufficient rotor speed relative to the stator to achieve maximum power and emf. Orientation to change the direction of the wind is carried out by means of a diffuser. The presence of a kinematic connection between the rotor and the stator serves for the fastest acceleration of the impeller wheels of the rotor and stator and for controlling the speed of their rotation in case of wind gusts and a significant increase in its speed, and this ensures the emf generated by the generator

The proposed wind power installation was implemented on a model ^' in which a DC motor (instead of a generator) was used for a supply voltage of 9 V with a power of 5 watts. Windwheels consisted of three blades and their the span was 1 meter in diameter. The external diffuser had 1.2 m on the one hand and 1.5 m on the other. The tests were carried out at an air flow rate from 1 m / s to 10 m / s. For this purpose, a powerful fan was used with the ability to control the air flow rate, which was measured using an anemometer. The operation of the generator was compared with a fixed stator (and without a wind wheel) when the emf the circuit was provided by rotation of the rotor only (prototype), and the operation of the generator in the presence of two impeller wheels (on the rotor and stator) when they rotated in opposite directions (proposed technical solution). To maintain constant rotational speeds of the impellers between the parts of the installation rotating in opposite directions, a conical rubber wheel was introduced, on the axis of which a centrifugal regulator of three flat springs was mounted, movably fixed along the edges to the axis, and with weights in the middle. With increasing speed of rotation of the spring with weights under the action of centrifugal force, they changed their shape and ensured the constancy of the rotation speeds of the rotor and stator. E.s. in the generator circuit was measured using a conventional voltmeter.

Comparative tests showed that the proposed technical solution provides sufficient modes of electric current generation in comparison with the known solution even at low wind speeds. At the same time, one impeller gave an emf. approximately two times less than in our proposed technical solution. When changing the direction of the wind (transferring the blower fan relative to the installation), ensuring the orientation of the whole wind power installation. The presence of a kinematic connection between the rotor and the stator ensured the constancy of the emf in the generator circuit. Thus, the proposed technical solution can ensure the normal operation of wind turbines even in regions with low wind speeds. Based on this solution, fundamentally new types of generators can be created in which the rotor and stator can rotate in different directions.

The list of designations for the description of the invention "Electrical installation))

1. The housing of the left bearing. 25. Key.

2. The conical wheel of the rotor. 26. Bearing.

3. The conical wheel of the stator. 27. Stator coil.

4. Case cover. 28. The cover.

5. Disk isolator. 29. Diffuser.

6. Current collection rings. 30. Bracket.

7. The insulator. 31. The mast.

8. The spring. 32. Bearing.

9. The cover.

10. Sliding contact.

11. Bearing cover.

12. The housing of the right bearing.

13. The stove.

14. Bevel gear.

15. Bearing cover.

16. Case.

17. Spacer sleeve.

18. The rotor shaft.

19. The bearing.

20. The impeller is left.

21. The impeller is right.

22. The rotor.

23. The stator.

24. Bearing.

Claims

The claims A wind electric installation consisting of modules containing one impeller mounted on the axis of an electric generator and placed on a common mast, characterized in that it contains one module with two impeller wheels and one electric generator, made in such a way that its rotor and stator can rotate relative to the horizontal axis in different directions due to these impellers, one of which is connected to the rotor, and the second to the stator, the wheel blades are turned in opposite directions and laid on both sides of the generator; on the rotor and stator there are bevel wheels with teeth facing each other with a bevel gear located between them with an axis that is outside the installation and connected to the speed controller, the installation case being a hollow cylindrical diffuser inside which a generator with two impeller wheels is placed.