WO2009081857A1 - 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子 - Google Patents
有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009081857A1 WO2009081857A1 PCT/JP2008/073180 JP2008073180W WO2009081857A1 WO 2009081857 A1 WO2009081857 A1 WO 2009081857A1 JP 2008073180 W JP2008073180 W JP 2008073180W WO 2009081857 A1 WO2009081857 A1 WO 2009081857A1
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- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 125
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 125
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 122
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 122
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- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 125000000609 carbazolyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 150000003577 thiophenes Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical class C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000003785 benzimidazolyl group Chemical class N1=C(NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XCJYREBRNVKWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) phthalocyanine Chemical compound [Cu+2].C12=CC=CC=C2C(N=C2[N-]C(C3=CC=CC=C32)=N2)=NC1=NC([C]1C=CC=CC1=1)=NC=1N=C1[C]3C=CC=CC3=C2[N-]1 XCJYREBRNVKWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 240
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 77
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- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 56
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- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 50
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 42
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 12
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- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
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- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- 125000000040 m-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C(=C1[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 7
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- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical group [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 6
- 125000001037 p-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- 125000003373 pyrazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 6
- 0 *C1(*)c(cc(cc2)-[n]3c4c(*)c(*)c(*)c(*)c4c4c(*)c(*)c(*)c(*)c34)c2-c(cc2)c1cc2N(*)* Chemical compound *C1(*)c(cc(cc2)-[n]3c4c(*)c(*)c(*)c(*)c4c4c(*)c(*)c(*)c(*)c34)c2-c(cc2)c1cc2N(*)* 0.000 description 5
- YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Diphenylbenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 125000000748 anthracen-2-yl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C([H])=C3C([H])=C([*])C([H])=C([H])C3=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 5
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- 125000001541 3-thienyl group Chemical group S1C([H])=C([*])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 4
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical group [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 125000002078 anthracen-1-yl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C([H])=C3C([*])=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C3=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 4
- 125000005428 anthryl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C([H])=C3C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C3=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 4
- XJHCXCQVJFPJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Cs+] XJHCXCQVJFPJIK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- IBHBKWKFFTZAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-[4-(n-naphthalen-1-ylanilino)phenyl]phenyl]-n-phenylnaphthalen-1-amine Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C2=CC=CC=C2C=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=2)C=C1 IBHBKWKFFTZAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- NRNFFDZCBYOZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-quinodimethane Chemical class C=C1C=CC(=C)C=C1 NRNFFDZCBYOZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzopyrazine Natural products N1=CC=NC2=CC=CC=C21 XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- DXBHBZVCASKNBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Benz(a)anthracene Chemical group C1=CC=C2C3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3C=CC2=C1 DXBHBZVCASKNBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XJKSTNDFUHDPQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-diphenylbenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=C1 XJKSTNDFUHDPQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UMSICRSVBAZJLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-methylphenyl)-9,9-diphenylfluoren-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C=C1)C1=C(C=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C(C1=2)(C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1)N UMSICRSVBAZJLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- ZZLCFHIKESPLTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Methylbiphenyl Chemical group C1=CC(C)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZZLCFHIKESPLTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000002294 quinazolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(N=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005493 quinolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FMKFBRKHHLWKDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubicene Chemical group C12=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC3=C2C1=C1C=CC=C2C4=CC=CC=C4C3=C21 FMKFBRKHHLWKDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005920 sec-butoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004469 siloxy group Chemical group [SiH3]O* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005361 soda-lime glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N stilbene Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000475 sulfinyl group Chemical group [*:2]S([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940042055 systemic antimycotics triazole derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004213 tert-butoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(O*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001973 tert-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- KTQYWNARBMKMCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphenylene Chemical group C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C3C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 KTQYWNARBMKMCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001113 thiadiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- GVIJJXMXTUZIOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N thianthrene Chemical group C1=CC=C2SC3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 GVIJJXMXTUZIOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M thiocyanate group Chemical group [S-]C#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- GLQWRXYOTXRDNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophen-2-amine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CS1 GLQWRXYOTXRDNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004784 trichloromethoxy group Chemical group ClC(O*)(Cl)Cl 0.000 description 1
- 125000003866 trichloromethyl group Chemical group ClC(Cl)(Cl)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005034 trifluormethylthio group Chemical group FC(S*)(F)F 0.000 description 1
- 125000003652 trifluoroethoxy group Chemical group FC(CO*)(F)F 0.000 description 1
- PGXOVVAJURGPLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trinaphthylene Chemical group C1=CC=C2C=C3C4=CC5=CC=CC=C5C=C4C4=CC5=CC=CC=C5C=C4C3=CC2=C1 PGXOVVAJURGPLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006617 triphenylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003657 tungsten Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc indium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[Zn++].[In+3] YVTHLONGBIQYBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y10/00—Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/56—Ring systems containing three or more rings
- C07D209/80—[b, c]- or [b, d]-condensed
- C07D209/82—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles
- C07D209/86—Carbazoles; Hydrogenated carbazoles with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the ring system
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- C09B57/008—Triarylamine dyes containing no other chromophores
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- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6572—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only nitrogen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. phenanthroline or carbazole
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- H10K85/626—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene containing more than one polycyclic condensed aromatic rings, e.g. bis-anthracene
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an organic electroluminescence element. More specifically, the present invention relates to an organic electroluminescence device having a long light emission lifetime and high light emission efficiency.
- the present invention also relates to a white organic electroluminescence element. More specifically, the present invention relates to a white organic electroluminescence device having a long light emission lifetime and high light emission efficiency.
- An organic electroluminescence device (hereinafter, electroluminescence may be abbreviated as EL) emits a fluorescent material by applying recombination energy between holes injected from an anode and electrons injected from a cathode by applying an electric field. It is a self-luminous element utilizing the principle of
- the organic EL device has an element structure of a hole transport (injection) layer, a two-layer type of an electron transporting light emitting layer, or a hole transport (injection) layer, a light emitting layer, an electron transport (injection) layer.
- the three-layer type is well known.
- the element structure and the formation method are devised in order to increase the recombination efficiency of injected holes and electrons.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 materials having a phenylenediamine structure represented by Patent Documents 1 and 2 have been known and widely used as hole injection materials used in organic EL elements.
- hole transport material arylamine-based materials including a benzidine skeleton described in Patent Documents 3 and 4 have been used.
- Patent Documents 5 to 7 disclose arylamine compounds containing carbazole. Further, when such a material is used for the hole transport material, there is a feature that the light emission efficiency is improved, but at the same time, there is a disadvantage that the driving voltage is greatly increased and the device life is extremely shortened.
- Patent Document 8 discloses an element using two or more hole injection transport layers in which ionization potential values are set stepwise in order to efficiently inject holes from the anode to the light emitting layer.
- the material system described in Patent Document 8 has insufficient luminous efficiency and lifetime.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an organic EL device having high efficiency and long life.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a white organic EL element having high efficiency and long life.
- the following organic EL elements and the like are provided.
- An anode and a cathode Between the anode and the cathode, a light emitting layer made of at least an organic compound, Two or more layers in a hole injection / transport zone between the anode and the light emitting layer; Having one or more layers in an electron injection / transport zone between the light emitting layer and the cathode;
- the layer in contact with the light emitting layer of the layer in the hole injection / transport zone contains an aromatic amine derivative having a carbazole skeleton, Any one layer other than the layer in contact with the light emitting layer in the hole injection / transport zone is a thiophene derivative, a condensed aromatic derivative having three or more rings, or an amine derivative (provided that the compound is represented by the following formula (A))
- aromatic amine derivative having a carbazole skeleton is a compound represented by the following formula (1).
- Ar 1 and Ar 2 each independently represent an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group or an aromatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent
- R 1 to R 10 are each independently a hydrogen atom, halogen atom, alkyl group, aralkyl group, alkenyl group, cyano group, amino group, acyl group, alkoxycarbonyl group, carboxyl group, alkoxy group, aryloxy group, It represents an alkylsulfonyl group, a hydroxyl group, an amide group, an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group or an aromatic heterocyclic group, and any of these may be further substituted.
- R 1 to R 10 may be adjacent to each other to form a ring.
- the aromatic amine derivative having a carbazole skeleton is a compound represented by the following formula (2).
- Ar 1 and Ar 2 each independently represent an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group or an aromatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent
- R 1 to R 12 are each independently a hydrogen atom, halogen atom, alkyl group, aralkyl group, alkenyl group, cyano group, amino group, acyl group, alkoxycarbonyl group, carboxyl group, alkoxy group, aryloxy group, It represents an alkylsulfonyl group, a hydroxyl group, an amide group, an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group or an aromatic heterocyclic group, and any of these may be further substituted.
- R 1 to R 12 may be adjacent to each other to form a ring. ) 4).
- Ar 3 is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 nuclear carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 60 nuclear atoms
- Ar 4 is a hydrogen atom, substituted or unsubstituted An aryl group having 6 to 60 nuclear carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 60 nuclear carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted carbon atom having 1 to 20 alkoxy groups.
- any one of Ar 3 and Ar 4 is a substituted or unsubstituted condensed ring group having 10 to 60 nuclear carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted monoheterocondensed ring group having 3 to 60 nuclear carbon atoms.
- Ar 5 is a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 60 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 3 to 60 carbon atoms.
- L 1 , L 2 and L 3 are each independently a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 60 nuclear carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 3 to 60 nuclear carbon atoms, or a substituted group. Or it is an unsubstituted fluorenylene group.
- R 13 represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 nuclear carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 60 nuclear carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- R 14 represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 nuclear carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 60 nuclear carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- Ar 11 to Ar 13 may be the same or different from each other)
- Ar 14 is an aryl group having 6 to 50 nuclear carbon atoms.
- L 11 is a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 50 nuclear carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 6 to 50 nuclear atoms.
- L 12 is a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 50 nuclear carbon atoms.
- Ar 14 and Ar 15 are each a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 50 nuclear carbon atoms, a substituent represented by the above formula (y), or a substituent represented by the above formula (z). ) 7).
- the organic electroluminescence device according to any one of 1 to 6, which emits blue light.
- a display device comprising the organic electroluminescence element according to any one of 1 to 7.
- An anode and a cathode Between the anode and the cathode, a light emitting layer made of at least an organic compound, One or more layers in a hole injection / transport zone between the anode and the light emitting layer; Having one or more layers in an electron injection / transport zone between the light emitting layer and the cathode;
- the layer in contact with the light emitting layer of the layer in the hole injection / transport zone contains an aromatic amine derivative having a carbazole skeleton,
- the aromatic amine derivative having a carbazole skeleton is a compound represented by the following formula (1).
- Ar 1 and Ar 2 each independently represent an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group or an aromatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent
- R 1 to R 10 are each independently a hydrogen atom, halogen atom, alkyl group, aralkyl group, alkenyl group, cyano group, amino group, acyl group, alkoxycarbonyl group, carboxyl group, alkoxy group, aryloxy group, It represents an alkylsulfonyl group, a hydroxyl group, an amide group, an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group or an aromatic heterocyclic group, and any of these may be further substituted.
- R 1 to R 10 may be adjacent to each other to form a ring.
- the aromatic amine derivative having a carbazole skeleton is a compound represented by the following formula (2).
- Ar 1 and Ar 2 each independently represent an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group or an aromatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent
- R 1 to R 12 are each independently a hydrogen atom, halogen atom, alkyl group, aralkyl group, alkenyl group, cyano group, amino group, acyl group, alkoxycarbonyl group, carboxyl group, alkoxy group, aryloxy group, It represents an alkylsulfonyl group, a hydroxyl group, an amide group, an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group or an aromatic heterocyclic group, and any of these may be further substituted.
- R 1 to R 12 may be adjacent to each other to form a ring.
- a 1 to A 3 each independently represents a nitrogen atom or a carbon atom.
- Ar 3 is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 nuclear carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 60 nuclear atoms
- Ar 4 is a hydrogen atom, substituted or unsubstituted An aryl group having 6 to 60 nuclear carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 60 nuclear atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted carbon atom having 1 to 20 alkoxy groups.
- any one of Ar 3 and Ar 4 is a substituted or unsubstituted condensed ring group having 10 to 60 nuclear carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted monoheterocondensed ring group having 3 to 60 nuclear carbon atoms.
- Ar 5 is a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 60 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 3 to 60 carbon atoms.
- L 1 , L 2 and L 3 are each independently a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 60 nuclear carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 3 to 60 nuclear carbon atoms, or a substituted group. Or it is an unsubstituted fluorenylene group.
- R 13 represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 nuclear carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 60 nuclear carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- R 14 represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 nuclear carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 60 nuclear carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- a display device comprising the white organic electroluminescence element according to any one of 14.9 to 13.
- an organic EL element having a high efficiency and a long lifetime can be provided.
- a material having a special structure by using a material having a special structure, a white organic EL element having high efficiency and long life can be provided.
- the organic EL device according to the first aspect of the present invention has a light emitting layer made of at least an organic compound between an anode and a cathode. And it has two or more layers in the hole injection / transport zone between the anode and the light emitting layer, and one or more layers in the electron injection / transport zone between the cathode and the light emitting layer.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of an organic EL device according to the first aspect of the present invention.
- the hole injection layer 20 is a layer in the hole injection / transport zone and is any layer other than the layer in contact with the light emitting layer, and a layer in the hole injection / transport zone.
- the hole transport layer 30 which is in contact with the light emitting layer and the electron transport layer 50 and the electron injection layer 60 which are layers in the electron injection / transport zone have the following conditions (A), (B) and (C): Meet.
- Any one layer (hole injection layer 20) other than the layer in contact with the light emitting layer in the hole injection / transport zone is a thiophene derivative, a condensed aromatic derivative having three or more rings, or an amine derivative (provided that the following formula (Except for the compound represented by (A)), containing one or more materials selected from the group consisting of conductive polymers, CF x , CuPc, transition metal oxides, fullerenes and acceptor materials.
- Examples of the thiophene derivative contained in the hole injection layer 20 include thiophene-containing conductive polymer compounds such as PEDOT: PSS (Synthetic Metal, 111-112, P.139 (2000)), and aminothiophene. And the like (see JP-A-4-304466) and the like (see JP-A-10-219242, JP-A-2003-267972, JP-A-2000-252070) and the like. Further, a diamine derivative that is also a thiophene derivative (USP 5,061,569, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 08-0486656, Japanese Patent No. 3,529,735) and a triamine derivative that is also a thiophene derivative (Japanese Patent No. 3,565,870, WO 2006). / 114921).
- the thiophene derivative contained in the hole injection layer 20 is preferably a compound represented by the following formula (x).
- Ar 11 ⁇ Ar 13 at least one is a substituent represented by the following formula (y), not the substituent represented by the formula (y) of the formula in, Ar 11 ⁇ Ar 13 is substituted Alternatively, it is an unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 50 nuclear carbon atoms or a substituent represented by the following formula (z).
- Ar11 to Ar13 may be the same or different from each other)
- Ar 14 is an aryl group having 6 to 50 nuclear carbon atoms.
- L 11 is a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 50 nuclear carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 6 to 50 nuclear atoms.
- L 12 is a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 50 nuclear carbon atoms.
- Ar 14 and Ar 15 are each a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 50 nuclear carbon atoms, a substituent represented by the above formula (y), or a substituent represented by the above formula (z).
- aryl group having 6 to 50 nuclear carbon atoms include phenyl group, biphenyl group, phenanthryl group, chrysenyl group, benzphenanthryl group, terphenyl group, benzanthranyl group, benzochrysenyl group, biphenyl group, naphthacenyl group, Anthranyl group, pentacenyl group, picenyl group, pentaphenyl group and the like can be mentioned, and preferred are phenyl group, biphenyl group, naphthyl group and terphenyl group.
- arylene group having 6 to 50 nuclear carbon atoms include phenylene group, naphthylene group, biphenylene group, terphenylene group, phenanthrene group, triphenylene group, anthranylene group, pentacenylene group, peryleneylene group, picenylene group, pyrenylene group, pentane group.
- examples thereof include a phenylene group, a 9,9-dimethylfluorylene group, a 9,9-diphenylfluorylene group, and the following divalent groups.
- any of the above divalent groups which are a phenylene group, a biphenylene group or a 9,9-dimethylfluorylene group is preferable.
- the compound represented by the formula (x) is preferably a monoamine compound or a diamine compound, more preferably an asymmetric monoamine compound or an asymmetric diamine compound.
- diamine, triamine, and tetraamine can be used, and examples thereof include the following tetraamine.
- Examples of the conductive polymer contained in the hole injection layer 20 include PEDOT: PSS, PVTPA2: TBPAH, and PTPDK: TBPAH.
- the fullerene contained in the hole-injecting layer 20 include carbon cluster compounds are exemplified, C 70, C 76 other than C 60, C 78, C 82 , C 84, C 90 for the C 60 and representatives, C 96 Etc.
- the acceptor material contained in the hole injection layer 20 is preferably an organic compound having an electron-withdrawing substituent or an electron-deficient ring.
- the electron-withdrawing substituent include halogen, CN-, carbonyl group, arylboron group and the like.
- electron-deficient rings examples include 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, 2-quinolyl, 3-quinolyl, 4-quinolyl, 2-imidazole, 4-imidazole, 3-pyrazole, 4-pyrazole, pyridazine, and pyrimidine , Pyrazine, cinnoline, phthalazine, quinazoline, quinoxaline, 3- (1,2,4-N) -triazolyl, 5- (1,2,4-N) -triazolyl, 5-tetrazolyl, 4- (1-O, 3-N) -oxazole, 5- (1-O, 3-N) -oxazole, 4- (1-S, 3-N) -thiazole, 5- (1-S, 3-N) -thiazole, 2 A compound selected from the group consisting of -benzoxazole, 2-benzothiazole, 4- (1,2,3-N) -benzotriazole, and benzimidazole. Not be
- the acceptor material is preferably a quinodimethane derivative.
- the quinoid derivative include compounds represented by the following formulas (1a) to (1i), more preferably compounds represented by (1a) and (1b).
- R 1 to R 48 are each hydrogen, halogen, fluoroalkyl group, cyano group, alkoxy group, alkyl group, or aryl group, preferably hydrogen or cyano group.
- X is an electron withdrawing group and has any of the structures of the following formulas (j) to (p).
- a structure of (j), (k), (l) is preferable.
- R 49 to R 52 are each hydrogen, a fluoroalkyl group, an alkyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic ring, and R 50 and R 51 may form a ring.
- the fluoroalkyl group of R 1 to R 48 is preferably a trifluoromethyl group or a pentafluoroethyl group.
- the alkoxyl group of R 1 to R 48 a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, an iso-propoxy group, or a tert-butoxy group is preferable.
- the alkyl group for R 1 to R 48 is preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an iso-propyl group, a tert-butyl group, or a cyclohexyl group.
- the aryl group for R 1 to R 48 is preferably a phenyl group or a naphthyl group.
- the fluoroalkyl group, alkyl group, and aryl group of R 49 to R 52 are the same as R 1 to R 48 .
- the heterocyclic ring of R 49 to R 52 is preferably a substituent represented by the following formula.
- X is preferably a substituent represented by the following formula.
- R 51 ′ and R 52 ′ are a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, and a tert-butyl group, respectively.
- quinoid derivative examples include the following compounds.
- the acceptor preferably has a thin film forming property. That is, the acceptor-containing layer can be formed as it is by depositing the acceptor.
- a thin film can be formed means that a flat thin film can be formed on a substrate by a general thin film forming method such as vacuum deposition or spin coating.
- flat means that the unevenness of the thin film is small, preferably the surface roughness (Ra) is 10 nm or less, more preferably the surface roughness (Ra) is 1.5 nm or less, The surface roughness (Ra) is preferably 1 nm or less.
- the surface roughness can be measured with an atomic force microscope (AFM).
- the organic compound having a thin film forming property is preferably an amorphous organic compound, more preferably an amorphous quinodimethane derivative, and even more preferably an amorphous quinodimethane having 5 or more CN groups.
- Examples of the quinodimethane derivative include the above (CN) 2 -TCNQ.
- the content of the acceptor contained in the acceptor-containing layer is preferably 1 to 100 mol%, more preferably 50 to 100 mol% with respect to the entire layer.
- the acceptor-containing layer can contain a hole transporting and light transmissive compound.
- a donor may be added to the acceptor-containing layer in order to facilitate injection of electrons into the donor-containing layer or to facilitate transport of holes to the cathode.
- This donor is a compound that can pass electrons to a compound other than the donor included in the acceptor-containing layer or a compound included in the adjacent layer.
- the donor include organic donor compounds such as amine compounds, polyamine compounds, and tungsten complexes in addition to the above donor metals.
- the layer in contact with the light emitting layer in the hole injection / transport zone contains an aromatic amine derivative having a carbazole skeleton.
- the driving voltage of the device is not increased, and the device can have high luminous efficiency and a long lifetime.
- the aromatic amine derivative having this carbazole skeleton is preferably a compound represented by the following formula (1) or a compound represented by the following formula (2).
- Ar 1 and Ar 2 are each independently an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group or an aromatic heterocyclic group which may have a substituent.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon ring group of Ar 1 and Ar 2 include a group consisting of a single ring of a benzene ring or a 2 to 5 condensed ring, and specifically include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group, a phenanthryl group. , Pyrenyl group, perylenyl group and the like.
- aromatic heterocyclic group examples include a 5- or 6-membered monocyclic ring or a 2 to 5 condensed ring, and specific examples include a pyridyl group, a triazinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, and a thienyl group.
- Examples of the substituent that the aromatic hydrocarbon ring group and aromatic heterocyclic group may have include, for example, an alkyl group (for example, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as a methyl group and an ethyl group), alkenyl A group (for example, a linear or branched alkenyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as a vinyl group or an allyl group), an alkoxycarbonyl group (for example, a linear chain having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as a methoxycarbonyl group or an ethoxycarbonyl group) A branched alkoxycarbonyl group), an alkoxy group (for example, a linear or branched alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as a methoxy group or an ethoxy group), an aryloxy group (for example, a phenoxy group, a naphthoxy group, etc.) To 10 aryloxy groups), aral
- an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkylamino group, an arylamino group, an arylalkylamino group, a halogen atom, an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group, and an aromatic heterocyclic group are preferable, and an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an arylamino group Is particularly preferred.
- R 1 to R 12 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an aralkyl group, an alkenyl group, a cyano group, an amino group, an acyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, It represents a carboxyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, an alkylsulfonyl group, a hydroxyl group, an amide group, an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group or an aromatic heterocyclic group, and any of these may be further substituted.
- R 1 to R 12 may be adjacent to each other to form a ring.
- R 1 to R 12 include a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom (a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom or an iodine atom), an alkyl group (eg, a straight chain having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as a methyl group or an ethyl group).
- a halogen atom a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom or an iodine atom
- an alkyl group eg, a straight chain having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as a methyl group or an ethyl group.
- a branched alkyl group a cycloalkyl group having 5 to 8 carbon atoms such as a cyclopentyl group or a cyclohexyl group
- an aralkyl group for example, an aralkyl group having 7 to 13 carbon atoms such as a benzyl group or a phenethyl group
- an alkenyl group for example, A straight or branched alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms such as a vinyl group or an allyl group, a cyano group, an amino group, particularly a tertiary amino group (for example, a diethylamino group or a diisopropylamino group).
- R 1 to R 12 are preferably a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group, or an aromatic heterocyclic group.
- R 1 to R 12 examples include a straight or branched chain having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as a halogen atom (a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom or an iodine atom), an alkyl group (eg, a methyl group, an ethyl group).
- a halogen atom a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom or an iodine atom
- an alkyl group eg, a methyl group, an ethyl group.
- Alkyl group alkenyl group (for example, linear or branched alkenyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as vinyl group and allyl group), alkoxycarbonyl group (for example, methoxycarbonyl group, ethoxycarbonyl group and the like having 1 to 6 linear or branched alkoxycarbonyl groups), alkoxy groups (for example, methoxy groups, ethoxy groups, etc., linear or branched alkoxy groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms), aryloxy groups (for example, phenoxy groups, naphthoxy groups, etc.) Aryloxy groups having 6 to 10 carbon atoms), dialkylamino groups (for example, diethylamino group, diisopropylamino group, etc.) Dialkylamino group having 0 linear or branched alkyl group), diarylamino group (diarylamino group such as diphenylamino group and phenylnaphthylamino group), aromatic
- R 1 to R 12 may be adjacent to each other to form a ring.
- R 1 to R 8 may be bonded together to form a ring condensed with an N-carbazolyl group.
- the ring formed by bonding adjacent groups is usually a 5- to 8-membered ring, preferably a 5- or 6-membered ring, more preferably a 6-membered ring.
- This ring may be an aromatic ring or a non-aromatic ring, but is preferably an aromatic ring. Further, it may be an aromatic hydrocarbon ring or an aromatic heterocyclic ring, but is preferably an aromatic hydrocarbon ring.
- N-carbazolyl group of formula (1) or formula (2) in which any of R 1 to R 8 are bonded to form a condensed ring bonded to the N-carbazolyl group include the following: It is done.
- R 1 to R 8 are particularly preferably all hydrogen atoms (that is, the N-carbazolyl group is unsubstituted) or one or more of them are either a methyl group, a phenyl group or a methoxy group, This is the case when the rest are hydrogen atoms.
- the carbazole skeleton of the aromatic amine derivative having a carbazole skeleton is preferably a monocarbazolyl group. Specific examples of the aromatic amine derivative having a carbazole skeleton that can be used in the first aspect of the present invention are shown below.
- Layers in the electron injection / transport zone contain a benzimidazole derivative.
- This benzimidazole derivative is preferably a compound represented by the following formula (3) or (4).
- a 1 to A 3 are each independently a nitrogen atom or a carbon atom.
- Ar 3 is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 nuclear carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 60 nuclear atoms
- Ar 4 is a hydrogen atom, substituted or unsubstituted An aryl group having 6 to 60 nuclear carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 60 nuclear carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted carbon atom having 1 to 20 alkoxy groups.
- any one of Ar 3 and Ar 4 is a substituted or unsubstituted condensed ring group having 10 to 60 nuclear carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted monoheterocondensed ring group having 3 to 60 nuclear carbon atoms.
- Ar 5 is a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 60 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 3 to 60 carbon atoms.
- L 1 , L 2 and L 3 are each independently a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 60 nuclear carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 3 to 60 nuclear carbon atoms, or a substituted group. Or it is an unsubstituted fluorenylene group.
- R 13 represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 nuclear carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 60 nuclear carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- R 14 represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 nuclear carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 60 nuclear carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. Or a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or —L 1 —Ar 5 —Ar 4 .
- the white organic EL element according to the second aspect of the present invention has a light emitting layer composed of at least an organic compound between an anode and a cathode.
- One or more layers are provided in the hole injection / transport zone between the anode and the light emitting layer, and one or more layers are provided in the electron injection / transport zone between the cathode and the light emitting layer.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view showing an embodiment of the white organic EL element according to the second aspect of the present invention.
- the anode 10 In the organic EL element 2, the anode 10, the hole injection layer 20, the hole transport layer 30, the light emitting layer 40, the electron transport layer 50, the electron injection layer 60, and the cathode 70 are laminated in this order on a substrate (not shown). ing.
- the hole transport layer 30 which is a layer in the hole injection / transport zone and is in contact with the light emitting layer
- the electron transport layer 50 and the electron injection layer 60 which are layers in the electron injection / transport zone are: The following conditions (A ′) and (B ′) are satisfied.
- the layer in contact with the light emitting layer in the hole injection / transport zone contains an aromatic amine derivative having a carbazole skeleton.
- the driving voltage of the device is not increased, and the device can have high luminous efficiency and a long lifetime.
- the aromatic amine derivative having this carbazole skeleton is preferably a compound represented by the following formula (1) or a compound represented by the following formula (2).
- the compound represented by the formula (1) and the compound represented by the formula (2) are the compound represented by the formula (1) and the compound represented by the formula (2) according to the first aspect of the present invention. It is the same.
- the layers in the electron injection / transport zone contain a benzimidazole derivative.
- This benzimidazole derivative is preferably a compound represented by the following formula (3) or (4).
- the compound represented by the formula (3) and the compound represented by the formula (4) are the compound represented by the formula (3) and the compound represented by the formula (4) according to the first aspect of the present invention. It is the same.
- any one layer (hole injection layer 20) other than the layer in contact with the light emitting layer in the hole injection / transport zone is a thiophene derivative, three rings It is preferable to contain one or more materials selected from the group consisting of the above condensed aromatic derivatives, amine derivatives, conductive polymers, CF x , CuPc, transition metal oxides, fullerenes and acceptor materials.
- the material such as the above thiophene derivative is the same as the material of any one layer other than the layer in contact with the light emitting layer in the hole injection / transport zone of the first aspect of the present invention.
- the light emitted from the light emitting layer can be extracted from one of the anode side and the cathode side or from both sides.
- the organic EL element may have a cavity structure between the anode and the cathode, that is, a structure that reflects light emitted from the light emitting layer between the anode and the cathode.
- the cathode is configured using a transflective material and has a light reflecting surface of the anode. In this case, light emitted by multiple interference between the light reflecting surface on the anode side and the light reflecting surface on the cathode side is extracted from the cathode side.
- the optical distance between the light reflecting surface on the anode side and the light reflecting surface on the cathode side is defined by the wavelength of light to be extracted, and the film thickness of each layer is set so as to satisfy this optical distance.
- an organic EL device of a top emission type light emission is extracted outside the device without passing through a support substrate
- the light extraction efficiency to the outside and the emission spectrum can be improved. Control can be performed.
- each member which comprises the organic EL element of the 1st aspect of this invention and the 2nd aspect (Hereafter, it may only be called the organic EL element of this invention.) Is demonstrated.
- the organic EL element of the present invention is produced on a translucent substrate.
- the light-transmitting substrate is a substrate that supports the organic EL element, and is preferably a smooth substrate having a light transmittance in the visible region of 400 to 700 nm of 50% or more.
- a glass plate, a polymer plate, etc. are mentioned.
- the glass plate include soda lime glass, barium / strontium-containing glass, lead glass, aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, barium borosilicate glass, and quartz.
- the polymer plate include polycarbonate, acrylic, polyethylene terephthalate, polyether sulfide, and polysulfone. Note that in a top emission type element that extracts light from the opposite side of the substrate, the substrate does not necessarily have to be light-transmitting.
- the anode of the organic thin film EL element plays a role of injecting holes into the hole transport layer or the light emitting layer, and it is effective to have a work function of 4.5 eV or more.
- Specific examples of the anode material used in the present invention include, for example, aluminum (Al), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), copper (Cu), silver (Ag), and gold (Au).
- oxides of these metals and alloys or alloys of tin oxide (SnO 2 ) and antimony (Sb), ITO (indium tin oxide), InZnO (indium zinc oxide), zinc oxide (ZnO ) And aluminum (Al) alloys, and oxides of these metals and alloys are used alone or in a mixed state.
- the transmittance of the anode for light emission is preferably greater than 10%.
- the anode is preferably a reflective electrode.
- the anode may have a laminated structure of a first layer having excellent light reflectivity and a second layer having a light transmittance and a large work function provided on the upper layer.
- the first layer is made of an alloy mainly composed of aluminum.
- the subcomponent may include at least one element having a work function relatively smaller than that of aluminum as a main component.
- a lanthanoid series element is preferable.
- the work function of the lanthanoid series elements is not large, the inclusion of these elements improves the stability of the anode and also satisfies the hole injection property of the anode.
- elements such as silicon (Si) and copper (Cu) may be included as subcomponents.
- the content of subcomponents in the aluminum alloy layer constituting the first layer is preferably about 10 wt% or less in total for Nd, Ni, Ti, or the like that stabilizes aluminum.
- the second layer examples include a layer made of at least one of an oxide of aluminum alloy, an oxide of molybdenum, an oxide of zirconium, an oxide of chromium, and an oxide of tantalum.
- the oxide of the lanthanoid element has a high transmittance, so that this is included.
- the transmittance of the second layer is improved. For this reason, it is possible to maintain a high reflectance on the surface of the first layer.
- the second layer may be a transparent conductive layer such as ITO or IZO. These conductive layers can improve the electron injection characteristics of the anode.
- a conductive layer for improving the adhesion between the anode and the substrate may be provided on the side of the anode in contact with the substrate.
- a conductive layer include a transparent conductive layer such as ITO or IZO.
- the driving method of a display device configured using an organic EL element is an active matrix method
- the anode is patterned for each pixel and provided in a state of being connected to a driving thin film transistor provided on a substrate. Yes.
- an insulating film is provided on the anode, and the surface of the anode of each pixel is exposed from the opening of the insulating film.
- the anode can be produced by forming a thin film from the above electrode material by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering.
- the sheet resistance of the anode is preferably several hundred ⁇ / ⁇ or less.
- the film thickness of the anode depends on the material, but is usually selected in the range of 10 nm to 1 ⁇ m, preferably 10 to 200 nm.
- the light emitting layer of the organic EL element has the following functions.
- Injection function function that can inject holes from the anode or hole injection / transport layer when an electric field is applied, and function that can inject electrons from the cathode or electron injection / transport layer
- transport function function that can inject electrons from the cathode or electron injection / transport layer
- Light-emitting function a function to provide a recombination field between electrons and holes and connect it to light emission
- the ease with which holes are injected There may be a difference in the ease with which electrons are injected, and the transport capability represented by the mobility of holes and electrons may be large or small, but it is preferable to move one of the charges.
- the light emitting layer As a method for forming the light emitting layer, for example, a known method such as a vapor deposition method, a spin coating method, or an LB method can be applied.
- the light emitting layer is particularly preferably a molecular deposited film.
- the molecular deposition film is a thin film formed by deposition from a material compound in a gas phase state or a film formed by solidification from a material compound in a solution state or a liquid phase state. Can be classified from a thin film (accumulated film) formed by the LB method according to a difference in an agglomerated structure and a higher-order structure and a functional difference resulting therefrom.
- a binder such as a resin and a material compound are dissolved in a solvent to form a solution, which is then thinned by a spin coating method or the like.
- a light emitting layer can be formed.
- the material used for the light-emitting layer a known material having a long lifetime can be used, but it is desirable to use the material represented by the general formula (I) as the light-emitting material.
- Ar ′ is an aromatic ring having 6 to 50 nuclear carbon atoms or a heteroaromatic ring having 5 to 50 nuclear atoms.
- Preferred examples include phenyl ring, naphthyl ring, anthracene ring, acenaphthylene ring, fluorene ring, phenanthrene ring, fluoranthene ring, triphenylene ring, pyrene ring, chrysene ring, benzanthracene ring, and perylene ring.
- X ′ is a substituent. Specifically, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 50 nuclear carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having 5 to 50 nuclear atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted 1 to 50 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 50 nuclear carbon atoms include phenyl group, 1-naphthyl group, 2-naphthyl group, 1-anthryl group, 2-anthryl group, 9-anthryl group, 1- Phenanthryl group, 2-phenanthryl group, 3-phenanthryl group, 4-phenanthryl group, 9-phenanthryl group, 1-naphthacenyl group, 2-naphthacenyl group, 9-naphthacenyl group, 1-pyrenyl group, 2-pyrenyl group, 4- Pyrenyl group, 2-biphenylyl group, 3-biphenylyl group, 4-biphenylyl group, p-terphenyl-4-yl group, p-terphenyl-3-yl group, p-terphenyl-2-yl group M-terphenyl-4-yl group, m-terphenyl-3-yl group,
- phenyl group 1-naphthyl group, 2-naphthyl group, 9-phenanthryl group, 1-naphthacenyl group, 2-naphthacenyl group, 9-naphthacenyl group, 1-pyrenyl group, 2-pyrenyl group, 4-pyrenyl group, 2-biphenylyl group, 3-biphenylyl group, 4-biphenylyl group, o-tolyl group, m-tolyl group, p-tolyl group, pt-butylphenyl group, 2-fluorenyl group, 9,9- Examples thereof include dimethyl-2-fluorenyl group and 3-fluoranthenyl group.
- Examples of the substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having 5 to 50 nuclear atoms include 1-pyrrolyl group, 2-pyrrolyl group, 3-pyrrolyl group, pyrazinyl group, 2-pyridinyl group, 3-pyridinyl group, 4-pyridinyl group, 1-indolyl group, 2-indolyl group, 3-indolyl group, 4-indolyl group, 5-indolyl group, 6-indolyl group, 7-indolyl group, 1-isoindolyl group, 2-isoindolyl group, 3-isoindolyl group, 4-isoindolyl group, 5-isoindolyl group, 6-isoindolyl group, 7-isoindolyl group, 2-furyl group, 3-furyl group, 2-benzofuranyl group, 3-benzofuranyl group, 4-benzofuranyl group, 5-benzofuranyl group, 6-benzo
- Examples of the substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms include methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, s-butyl group, isobutyl group, t-butyl group, n- Pentyl group, n-hexyl group, n-heptyl group, n-octyl group, hydroxymethyl group, 1-hydroxyethyl group, 2-hydroxyethyl group, 2-hydroxyisobutyl group, 1,2-dihydroxyethyl group, 1, 3-dihydroxyisopropyl group, 2,3-dihydroxy-t-butyl group, 1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl group, chloromethyl group, 1-chloroethyl group, 2-chloroethyl group, 2-chloroisobutyl group, 1, 2-dichloroethyl group, 1,3-dichloroisopropyl
- the substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms is a group represented by —OY, and examples of Y include methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, and s-butyl.
- Examples of the substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms include benzyl group, 1-phenylethyl group, 2-phenylethyl group, 1-phenylisopropyl group, 2-phenylisopropyl group, phenyl-t-butyl.
- ⁇ -naphthylmethyl group 1- ⁇ -naphthylethyl group, 2- ⁇ -naphthylethyl group, 1- ⁇ -naphthylisopropyl group, 2- ⁇ -naphthylisopropyl group, ⁇ -naphthylmethyl group, 1- ⁇ - Naphthylethyl group, 2- ⁇ -naphthylethyl group, 1- ⁇ -naphthylisopropyl group, 2- ⁇ -naphthylisopropyl group, 1-pyrrolylmethyl group, 2- (1-pyrrolyl) ethyl group, p-methylbenzyl group, m -Methylbenzyl group, o-methylbenzyl group, p-chlorobenzyl group, m-chlorobenzyl group, o-chlorobenzyl group, p-bromobenzene Gil group,
- a substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group having 5 to 50 nuclear atoms is represented as —OY ′, and examples of Y ′ include a phenyl group, a 1-naphthyl group, a 2-naphthyl group, a 1-anthryl group, and a 2-anthryl group.
- a substituted or unsubstituted arylthio group having 5 to 50 nuclear atoms is represented by —SY ′′, and examples of Y ′′ include a phenyl group, a 1-naphthyl group, a 2-naphthyl group, a 1-anthryl group, and a 2-anthryl group.
- 9-anthryl group 1-phenanthryl group, 2-phenanthryl group, 3-phenanthryl group, 4-phenanthryl group, 9-phenanthryl group, 1-naphthacenyl group, 2-naphthacenyl group, 9-naphthacenyl group, 1-pyrenyl group 2-pyrenyl group, 4-pyrenyl group, 2-biphenylyl group, 3-biphenylyl group, 4-biphenylyl group, p-terphenyl-4-yl group, p-terphenyl-3-yl group, p -Terphenyl-2-yl group, m-terphenyl-4-yl group, m-terphenyl-3-yl group, m-terphenyl-2-yl group, o-tolyl group, -Tolyl group, p-tolyl group, pt-butylphenyl group, p- (2-phenylpropyl)
- a substituted or unsubstituted carboxyl group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms is represented as —COOZ ′, and examples of Z ′ include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, s-butyl, and isobutyl.
- substituted or unsubstituted styryl group examples include 2-phenyl-1-vinyl group, 2,2-diphenyl-1-vinyl group, 1,2,2-triphenyl-1-vinyl group and the like.
- halogen groups include fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine and the like.
- n is an integer of 0 to 6.
- m is preferably 1 to 2
- n is preferably 0 to 4.
- Ar ′ in () may be the same or different.
- X ′ in () may be the same or different.
- A1-LA2 ... (II) More preferable examples of the material used for the light emitting layer include anthracene derivatives shown below.
- A1-LA2 ... (II) (In the formula, A1 and A2 each represent a substituted or unsubstituted monophenylanthryl group or a substituted or unsubstituted diphenylalanthryl group, which may be the same or different from each other, and L is a single bond or Indicates a divalent linking group.)
- anthracene derivatives represented by the general formula (III).
- A3-An-A4 (III) (In the formula, An represents a substituted or unsubstituted divalent anthracene residue, and A3 and A4 each represent a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent fused aromatic ring group or a substituted or unsubstituted 12 or more carbon atoms.
- a non-fused ring system aryl group which may be the same or different from each other.
- Examples of the anthracene derivative represented by the formula (II) include an anthracene derivative represented by the following formula (II-a), (Wherein R 91 to R 100 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an optionally substituted aryl group, an alkoxyl group, an aryloxy group, an alkylamino group, an arylamino group, or a substituted group.
- a heterocyclic group, a and b each represent an integer of 1 to 5, and when they are 2 or more, R 91s or R 92s may be the same or different from each other; R 91 or R 92 may be bonded to form a ring, R 93 and R 94 , R 95 and R 96 , R 97 and R 98 , R 99 and R 100 may be bonded to each other to form a ring.
- L 10 represents a single bond or —O—, —S—, —N (R) — (wherein R is an alkyl group or an aryl group which may be substituted) or an arylene group. )
- R 101 to R 110 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, an alkoxyl group, an aryloxy group, an alkylamino group, an arylamino group, or a substituted or unsubstituted group.
- L 11 is a single bond or -O -, - S -, - N (R) - (R is also alkyl or substituted Anthracene derivative represented by an aryl group) or an arylene group.) Can be preferably exemplified.
- the alkyl group in R 91 to R 110 is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms
- the cycloalkyl group is an alkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the aryl group has 5 to 18 carbon atoms
- the alkoxyl group has 1 to 6 carbon atoms
- the aryloxy group has 5 to 18 carbon atoms
- the arylamino group has 5 to 16 carbon atoms.
- Preferred examples of the heterocyclic group based on the amino group substituted with an aryl group include a triazole group, an oxadiazole group, a quinoxaline group, a furanyl group, and a thienyl group.
- the alkyl group represented by R in —N (R) — in L 10 and L 11 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and the aryl group is preferably an aryl group having 5 to 18 carbon atoms.
- Ar is a substituted or unsubstituted condensed aromatic group having 10 to 50 nuclear carbon atoms.
- Ar ′ is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 50 nuclear carbon atoms.
- X 1 to X 3 independently represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 50 nuclear carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having 5 to 50 nuclear atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted carbon group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms.
- Alkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy groups having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl groups having 6 to 50 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy groups having 5 to 50 nuclear atoms, substituted or An unsubstituted arylthio group having 5 to 50 nuclear atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxycarbonyl group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, a carboxyl group, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group, and a hydroxy group, a, b and c Are each an integer of 0 to 4.
- n is an integer of 1 to 3. When n is 2 or more, the numbers in [] may be the same or different.
- R 1 to R 10 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group having 6 to 50 nuclear carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having 5 to 50 nuclear atoms, a substituted group Or an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group having 6 to 50 carbon atoms, Substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group having 5 to 50 nucleus atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylthio group having 5 to 50 nucleus atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxycarbonyl group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted A silyl group,
- Ar and Ar ′ are each a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 50 nuclear carbon atoms.
- L and L ′ are a substituted or unsubstituted phenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted naphthalenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted fluorenylene group, or a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzosilolylene group, respectively.
- m is an integer from 0 to 2
- n is an integer from 1 to 4
- s is an integer from 0 to 2
- t is an integer from 0 to 4.
- L or Ar is bonded to any one of positions 1 to 5 of pyrene, and L ′ or Ar ′ is bonded to any of positions 6 to 10 of pyrene.
- n + t is an even number
- Ar, Ar ′, L, and L ′ satisfy the following (1) or (2).
- a 1 and A 2 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted condensed aromatic ring group having 10 to 20 nuclear carbon atoms.
- Ar 1 and Ar 2 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group having 6 to 50 nuclear carbon atoms.
- R 1 to R 10 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring group having 6 to 50 nuclear carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having 5 to 50 nuclear atoms, a substituted group Or an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group having 6 to 50 carbon atoms, Substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group having 5 to 50 nucleus atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylthio group having 5 to 50 nucleus atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxycarbonyl group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted A silyl group,
- Ar 1 , Ar 2 , R 9 and R 10 may each be plural, and adjacent ones may form a saturated or unsaturated cyclic structure. However, in the formula, a group that is symmetrical with respect to the XY axis shown on the anthracene is not bonded to the 9th and 10th positions of the central anthracene. )
- a fluorescent compound as a dopant to the light emitting layer to improve the light emitting performance.
- a known light emitting material having a long lifetime can be used, but a material represented by the following formula (VI) is preferably used as a dopant material of the light emitting material.
- Ar 41 to Ar 43 are a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 50 nuclear carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted styryl group.
- Examples of the substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 50 nuclear carbon atoms include phenyl group, 1-naphthyl group, 2-naphthyl group, 1-anthryl group, 2-anthryl group, 9-anthryl group, 1- Phenanthryl group, 2-phenanthryl group, 3-phenanthryl group, 4-phenanthryl group, 9-phenanthryl group, 1-naphthacenyl group, 2-naphthacenyl group, 9-naphthacenyl group, 1-pyrenyl group, 2-pyrenyl group, 4- Pyrenyl group, 2-biphenylyl group, 3-biphenylyl group, 4-biphenylyl group, p-terphenyl-4-yl group, p-terphenyl-3-yl group, p-terphenyl-2-yl group M-terphenyl-4-yl group, m-terphenyl-3-yl group,
- the substituted or unsubstituted styryl group include 2-phenyl-1-vinyl group, 2,2-diphenyl-1-vinyl group, 1,2,2-triphenyl-1-vinyl group, and the like.
- p is an integer of 1 to 4.
- Ar 42 and Ar 43 in () may be the same or different.
- white light can be emitted by making the light emitting layer 40 a laminate of layers made of different light emitting materials or a mixed layer of a plurality of light emitting materials.
- the light emitting layer 40 is a laminate of a first light emitting layer, a second light emitting layer, and a third light emitting layer, the first light emitting layer is a red light emitting layer, the second light emitting layer is a blue light emitting layer, and the third light emitting layer.
- white light emission excellent in color rendering can be obtained.
- the charge barrier layer it is possible to easily control the light emission balance of the three light emitting layers in the device.
- a condensed aromatic ring derivative As a host material for the green light emitting layer, for example, a condensed aromatic ring derivative can be used.
- a condensed aromatic ring derivative anthracene derivatives, naphthacene derivatives, pyrene derivatives, pentacene derivatives, and the like are more preferable in terms of light emission efficiency and light emission lifetime.
- the host material of the green light emitting layer is preferably a diarylanthracene derivative, a triarylanthracene derivative or a tetraarylanthracene derivative, more preferably a naphthylanthracene derivative, particularly preferably polyphenyl as a substituent, from the viewpoint of luminous efficiency and the like. It is a naphthylanthracene derivative having a group.
- the polyphenyl group is an optionally substituted group composed of biphenyl, terphenyl, quarterphenyl, quaterphenyl, and kinkphenyl.
- the dopant material of the green light emitting layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably an aromatic amine derivative from the viewpoint of luminous efficiency and the like.
- the aromatic amine derivative is preferably a condensed aromatic ring derivative having an arylamino group which may be substituted. Examples of such a compound include pyrene, anthracene and chrysene having an arylamino group, and particularly preferred is a pyrene compound having an arylamino group.
- the dopant material for the green light emitting layer is preferably a styrylamine compound.
- the styrylamine compound include styrylamine, styryldiamine, styryltriamine, and styryltetraamine.
- styrylamine is a compound in which at least one arylvinyl group is substituted on an optionally substituted arylamine.
- the aryl vinyl group may be substituted, and examples of the substituent include an aryl group, a silyl group, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, and an arylamino group. These substituents further have a substituent. Also good.
- Examples of the host material for the red light emitting layer include naphthacene derivatives.
- Examples of the dopant material for the red light emitting layer include perifanthene derivatives and pyromethene derivatives.
- the hole injection / transport layer is a layer that assists hole injection into the light emitting layer and transports it to the light emitting region, and has a high hole mobility and a small ionization energy of usually 5.6 eV or less.
- a material that transports holes to the light emitting layer with lower electric field strength is preferable.
- an electric field having a hole mobility of, for example, 10 4 to 10 6 V / cm is applied, It is preferably at least 10 ⁇ 4 cm 2 / V ⁇ sec.
- the hole injection layer and the hole transport layer may each be a plurality of layers.
- the compounds of the above formulas (1) and (2) used in the device configuration of the present invention may form a hole transport layer alone, or may be used by mixing with other materials.
- the material for forming the hole injecting and transporting layer is not particularly limited as long as it has the above-mentioned preferred properties, and conventionally used as a charge transporting material for holes in an optical transmission material, or an EL element. Any of known materials used for the hole injection layer can be selected and used. In addition to the aromatic amine derivative layer and the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic derivative layer, there may be a layer constituting the hole transport zone, and the material for forming them may be any of the known materials as described above. Can be selected and used. As the aromatic amine derivative, a compound represented by the following formula can be considered.
- Ar 57 to Ar 62 , Ar 51 to Ar 53 , and Ar 54 to Ar 56 are each a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 50 nuclear carbon atoms or a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 50 nuclear atoms.
- a to c and p to r are each an integer of 0 to 3
- Ar 57 and Ar 58 , Ar 59 and Ar 60 , Ar 61 and Ar 62 are connected to each other to form a saturated or unsaturated ring. It may be formed.
- Ar 71 to Ar 74 represent a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 50 nuclear carbon atoms or a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 50 nuclear atoms
- L 12 is a linking group, a single bond, or Represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 50 nuclear carbon atoms or a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 50 nuclear atoms
- x is an integer of 0 to 5
- Ar 72 and Ar 73 are linked to each other; And may form a saturated or unsaturated ring.
- the hole injection layer may contain an amine derivative represented by the following formula.
- L 2 is a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 10 to 40 carbon atoms.
- a biphenylene group More preferably, a biphenylene group, a terphenylene group, a fluorenylene group, a 2-phenylnaphthalene-2,4′-ene group, a 1-phenylnaphthalene-1,4′-ene group, or 6,12-diphenylchrysenylene-4 ', 4''-ene group.
- Ar 3 to Ar 6 in the formula (2) are each a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon ring group having 6 to 60 nuclear carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having 6 to 60 nucleus atoms. Show. In Ar 3 to Ar 6 of formula (2), the substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon ring group having 6 to 60 nuclear carbon atoms is the same as Ar 1 and Ar 2 of formula (1). Examples of the substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having 6 to 60 nuclear atoms include, for example, a 5- or 6-membered monocyclic ring or a 2 to 5 condensed ring. , Pyrazinyl group, quinoxalinyl group and thienyl group.
- the amine derivative of the formula (2) is preferably a compound represented by the following formula (3).
- Ar 3 ⁇ Ar 6 are the same as Ar 3 ⁇ Ar 6 in the formula (2).
- R a represents a substituent. Specific examples of R a are the same as the above-described substituents such as Z in the formula (1).
- n represents an integer of 2 to 4. Preferably 2 and 3.
- the amine derivative represented by the formula (2) is more preferably a compound represented by the following formula (4) or (5).
- R 1 to R 5 are substituents, and specific examples thereof are the same as R a in formula (3).
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 to R 5 may be connected to each other to form a saturated or unsaturated ring.
- Ar 7 to Ar 14 each represent a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon ring group having 6 to 60 nuclear carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having 6 to 60 nucleus atoms.
- Specific examples of Ar 7 to Ar 14 include the same as Ar 1 and Ar 2 in formula (1).
- Preferred examples of the substituents Ar 7 to Ar 14 and R 1 to R 5 include the same substituents as R 1 to R 10 in formula (1) and formula (2). Moreover, the following structures are mentioned as what R ⁇ 1 >, R ⁇ 2 > couple
- At least one of Ar 7 to Ar 10 in the formula (4) and at least one of Ar 11 to Ar 14 in the formula (5) are preferably a substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl group.
- biphenyl group 2-biphenyl group, 3-biphenyl group, 4-biphenyl group, p-terphenyl group, m-terphenyl group, o-terphenyl group, 4′-methyl-biphenyl-4 -Yl group, 4'-t-butyl-biphenyl-4-yl group, 4 '-(1-naphthyl) -biphenyl-4-yl group, 4'-(2-naphthyl) -biphenyl-4-yl group, Examples include 2-fluorenyl group and 9,9-dimethyl-2-fluorenyl group.
- An arylamino group may be substituted at the terminal of this substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl group.
- the hole transport layer can contain a fluorene compound represented by the following formula (9).
- X 1 is unsubstituted or substituted with a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
- N-carbazoyl group unsubstituted or substituted, as a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms
- N-phenoxadiyl group which may be mono- or poly-substituted, or unsubstituted or substituted with a halogen atom
- X 2 is unsubstituted, or, as a substituent, a halogen atom, charcoal
- an N-carbazoyl group unsubstituted or substituted, which may be mono- or polysubstituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 10
- B 1 and B 2 may be a hydrogen atom, a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group, unsubstituted, or monosubstituted or polysubstituted with a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, or an aryl group as a substituent.
- Good carbocyclic aromatic group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, heterocyclic aromatic group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, or unsubstituted or substituted with a halogen atom, alkyl group, alkoxy group, or aryl represents an aralkyl group which may be mono- or polysubstituted by a group
- Z 1 and Z 2 are a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group, a linear, branched or cyclic alkoxy group, or Carbons having a total carbon number of 6 to 20, which may be unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted by halogen atoms, alkyl groups, alkoxy groups, or aryl groups as substituents Represents a cyclic aromatic group or a heterocyclic aromatic group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms in total.
- X 1 represents a substituted or unsubstituted N-carbazoyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted N-phenoxadiyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted N-phenothiadiyl group, Is unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted by, for example, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
- N-carbazoyl group, an N-phenoxadiyl group, or an N-phenothiadiyl group which may be substituted, more preferably unsubstituted, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- N-carbazoyl group an N-phenoxadiyl group, which may be mono- or polysubstituted by an alkoxy group of the above, or an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, or Is an N-phenothiadiyl group, more preferably an unsubstituted N-carbazoyl group, an unsubstituted N-phenoxadiyl group, or an unsubstituted N-phenothiadiyl group.
- substituted or unsubstituted N-carbazoyl group, substituted or unsubstituted N-phenoxadiyl group, or substituted or unsubstituted N-phenothiadiyl group of X 1 include, for example, an N-carbazoyl group, 2- Methyl-N-carbazoyl group, 3-methyl-N-carbazoyl group, 4-methyl-N-carbazoyl group, 3-n-butyl-N-carbazoyl group, 3-n-hexyl-N-carbazoyl group, 3-n -Octyl-N-carbazoyl group, 3-n-decyl-N-carbazoyl group, 3,6-dimethyl-N-carbazoyl group, 2-methoxy-N-carbazoyl group, 3-methoxy-N-carbazoyl group, 3- Ethoxy-N-carbazoyl group, 3-isopropoxy-
- X 2 represents a substituted or unsubstituted N-carbazoyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted N-phenoxadiyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted N-phenothiadiyl group, or —NAr.
- 21 ′ Ar 22 ′ (wherein Ar 21 ′ and Ar 22 ′ represent a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group).
- X 2 substituted or unsubstituted N- carbazoyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted N- phenoxazyl group, specific examples of the substituted or unsubstituted N- phenothiazyl group, for example, mentioned as specific examples of X 1
- Examples thereof include a substituted or unsubstituted N-carbazoyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted N-phenoxadiyl group, and a substituted or unsubstituted N-phenothiadiyl group.
- Ar 21 ′ and Ar 22 ′ represent a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group.
- the aryl group represents a carbocyclic aromatic group such as a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, and an anthryl group, and a heterocyclic aromatic group such as a furyl group, a thienyl group, and a pyridyl group.
- Ar 21 ′ and Ar 22 ′ are preferably unsubstituted or have a total carbon number of 6 which may be mono- or polysubstituted by, for example, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, or an aryl group as a substituent.
- a carbon atom having a total carbon number of 6 to 16 which may be mono- or polysubstituted by a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms ring Is an aromatic group.
- Ar 21 ′ and Ar 22 ′ include, for example, phenyl group, 1-naphthyl group, 2-naphthyl group, 2-anthryl group, 9-anthryl group, 4-quinolyl group, 4-pyridyl group, 3- Pyridyl group, 2-pyridyl group, 3-furyl group, 2-furyl group, 3-thienyl group, 2-thienyl group, 2-oxazolyl group, 2-thiazolyl group, 2-benzoxazolyl group, 2-benzothiazolyl group 2-benzoimidazolyl group, 4-methylphenyl group, 3-methylphenyl group, 2-methylphenyl group, 4-ethylphenyl group, 3-ethylphenyl group, 2-ethylphenyl group, 4-n-propylphenyl group, 4-isopropylphenyl group, 2-isopropylphenyl group, 4-n-butylphenyl group, 4-isobutylphenyl
- B 1 and B 2 represent a hydrogen atom, a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group, preferably Is a hydrogen atom, a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 4 to 16 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group having 5 to 16 carbon atoms.
- a hydrogen atom a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted group having 7 to 12 carbon atoms.
- B 1 and B 2 are linear, branched or cyclic alkyl groups having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, carbocyclic aromatic groups having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, or carbocyclic aralkyl having 7 to 10 carbon atoms. Represents a group.
- substituted or unsubstituted aryl group of B 1 and B 2 can be exemplified substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups exemplified as specific examples of Ar 1 and Ar 2.
- specific examples of the linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group for B 1 and B 2 include, for example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, n-pentyl group, isopentyl group, neopentyl group, tert-pentyl group, cyclopentyl group, n-hexyl group, 2-ethylbutyl group, 3,3-dimethylbutyl group, cyclohexyl group, n-heptyl group, Examples thereof include cyclohexy
- substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group of B 1 and B 2 include, for example, benzyl group, phenethyl group, ⁇ -methylbenzyl group, ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylbenzyl group, 1-naphthylmethyl group, 2 -Naphthylmethyl group, furfuryl group, 2-methylbenzyl group, 3-methylbenzyl group, 4-methylbenzyl group, 4-ethylbenzyl group, 4-isopropylbenzyl group, 4-tert-butylbenzyl group, 4-n- Hexylbenzyl group, 4-nonylbenzyl group, 3,4-dimethylbenzyl group, 3-methoxybenzyl group, 4-methoxybenzyl group, 4-ethoxybenzyl group, 4-n-butoxybenzyl group, 4-n-hexyloxy Benzyl group, 4-nonyloxybenzyl group, 4-fluorobenzyl group,
- Z 1 and Z 2 represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group, a linear, branched or cyclic alkoxy group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, preferably a hydrogen atom, halogen An atom, a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms, a linear, branched or cyclic alkoxy group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms More preferably, a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a linear, branched or cyclic alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or a C 6 to 12 carbon atom. It represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and more
- linear, branched or cyclic alkyl groups of Z 1 and Z 2 for example, the linear, branched or cyclic alkyl groups mentioned as specific examples of B 1 and B 2 may be exemplified. it can.
- specific examples of the substituted or unsubstituted aryl group for Z 1 and Z 2 include the substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups listed as specific examples for Ar 21 ′ and Ar 22 ′ .
- halogen atoms such as fluorine atom, chlorine atom and bromine atom, such as methoxy group, ethoxy group, n-propoxy Group, isopropoxy group, n-butoxy group, isobutoxy group, sec-butoxy group, n-pentyloxy group, isopentyloxy group, neopentyloxy group, cyclopentyloxy group, n-hexyloxy group, 2-ethylbutoxy group 3,3-dimethylbutoxy group, cyclohexyloxy group, n-heptyloxy group, cyclohexylmethyloxy group, n-octyloxy group, 2-ethylhexyloxy group, n-nonyloxy group, n-decyloxy group, n-dodecyloxy group Group,
- Specific examples of the compound represented by the above formula (9) include the following compounds (numbers 1 to 100), but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- 7- (N′-carbazoyl) -N-phenyl-N- (4′-methylphenyl) -9-methyl-9H-fluoren-2-amine 7- (N′-carbazoyl) -N, N-diphenyl-9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-amine 7.
- the above-mentioned materials can be used, and porphyrin compounds (disclosed in JP-A-63-295695 etc.), aromatic tertiary amine compounds and Styrylamine compounds (US Pat. No. 4,127,412, JP-A-53-27033, 54-58445, 55-79450, 55-144250, 56-119132) No. 61-295558, No. 61-98353, No. 63-295695, etc.), in particular, an aromatic tertiary amine compound is preferably used.
- NPD 4,4′-bis (N- (1-naphthyl) -N-phenylamino) biphenyl having two condensed aromatic rings described in US Pat. No. 5,061,569 in the molecule
- MTDATA methylphenyl-N-phenylamino triphenylamine
- inorganic compounds such as p-type Si and p-type SiC can also be used as the material for the hole injection layer.
- the hole injection and transport layer can be formed by thinning the above-described compound by a known method such as a vacuum deposition method, a spin coating method, a casting method, or an LB method.
- the thickness of the hole injection / transport layer is not particularly limited, but is usually 5 nm to 5 ⁇ m.
- this hole injection and transport layer contains the compound of the present invention in the hole transport zone, it may be composed of one or more of the above materials, or the hole injection, A layer in which a hole injection / transport layer made of a compound different from the transport layer is laminated may be used.
- An organic semiconductor layer may be further formed.
- This layer is a layer that assists hole injection or electron injection into the light emitting layer, and preferably has a conductivity of 10 ⁇ 10 S / cm or more.
- electroconductive dendrimers, fullerenes derivatives such as C 60, such as a conductive oligomer, arylamine-containing dendrimers such as arylamine-containing oligomers disclosed in JP-A-8-193191, Copper phthalocyanine (CuPc), CF x , MoO 3 or the like can be used.
- the electron injection / transport layer is a layer that assists the injection of electrons into the light emitting layer and has a high electron mobility.
- the adhesion improving layer is a layer made of a material that has a particularly good adhesion to the cathode in the electron injection layer.
- the electron injection layer and the electron transport layer may each be a plurality of layers.
- the compounds of the above formulas (3) and (4) used in the device configuration of the present invention may form an electron injection layer and an electron transport layer alone, or may be used by mixing with other materials. Good.
- a metal complex of 8-hydroxyquinoline or a derivative thereof is preferable.
- the metal complex of 8-hydroxyquinoline or a derivative thereof include metal chelate oxinoid compounds containing a chelate of oxine (generally 8-quinolinol or 8-hydroxyquinoline).
- Alq described in the section of the light emitting material can be used as the electron injection layer.
- examples of the oxadiazole derivative include electron transfer compounds represented by the following general formula.
- Ar 81 , Ar 82 , Ar 83 , Ar 85 , Ar 86 , Ar 89 each represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and may be the same or different from each other.
- Ar 84 , Ar 87 and Ar 88 represent a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group, which may be the same or different.
- examples of the aryl group include a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, an anthranyl group, a perylenyl group, and a pyrenyl group.
- examples of the arylene group include a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a biphenylene group, an anthranylene group, a peryleneylene group, and a pyrenylene group.
- examples of the substituent include an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and a cyano group.
- This electron transfer compound is preferably a thin film-forming compound. Specific examples of the electron transfer compound include the following.
- HAr-L 14 -Ar 24 -Ar 25 (In the formula, HAr is a nitrogen-containing heterocycle having 3 to 40 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, and L 14 is a single bond or carbon atoms having 6 to 60 which may have a substituent.
- An arylene group, a C 3-60 heteroarylene group which may have a substituent, or a fluorenylene group which may have a substituent, and Ar 24 may have a substituent.
- a divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 60 carbon atoms, and Ar 25 is an aryl group having 6 to 60 carbon atoms which may have a substituent or a carbon number which may have a substituent.
- X 11 and Y 11 are each independently a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group, an alkenyloxy group, an alkynyloxy group, a hydroxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group , A substituted or unsubstituted hetero ring or a structure in which X 11 and Y 11 are combined to form a saturated or unsaturated ring, and R 85 to R 88 are independently hydrogen, halogen atoms, substituted or unsubstituted Alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, alkoxy group, aryloxy group, perfluoroalkyl group, perfluoroalkoxy group, amino group, alkylcarbonyl group, arylcarbonyl group, alkoxycarbonyl group, aryloxycarbonyl group, azo group Alkylcarbonyloxy group, arylcarbonyloxy group, alkoxycarbonyloxy group Xy group
- R 91 to R 98 and Z 2 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group, an aromatic group, a heterocyclic group, a substituted amino group, a substituted boryl group, an alkoxy group or an aryl group
- X 12 , Y 12 and Z 1 each independently represents a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group, aromatic group, heterocyclic group, substituted amino group, alkoxy group or aryloxy group
- the substituents of 1 and Z 2 may be bonded to each other to form a condensed ring, and n represents an integer of 1 to 3, and when n is 2 or more, Z 1 may be different, provided that n 1, X 12 , Y 12 and R 92 are methyl groups, and R 98 is a hydrogen atom or a substituted boryl group, and n is 3 and Z 1 is not a methyl group.
- Borane derivative wherein R 91 to R 98 and Z 2 each independently represents a hydrogen atom,
- Q 1 and Q 2 each independently represent a ligand represented by the following formula (G), and L 15 represents a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted cyclohexane.
- R ′ is a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted An unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group.
- R ′ is a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted An unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group.
- —O—Ga—Q 3 (Q 4 ) Q 3 and Q 4 are the same as Q 1 and Q 2 ) Represents a quantifier.
- rings A 24 and A 25 are 6-membered aryl ring structures condensed with each other, which may have a substituent. ]
- This metal complex has strong properties as an n-type semiconductor and has a large electron injection capability. Furthermore, since the generation energy at the time of complex formation is also low, the bond between the metal of the formed metal complex and the ligand is strengthened, and the fluorescence quantum efficiency as a light emitting material is also increased.
- substituents of the rings A 24 and A 25 forming the ligand of the formula (G) include chlorine, bromine, iodine, halogen atoms of fluorine, methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, butyl Group, s-butyl group, t-butyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group, heptyl group, octyl group, stearyl group, trichloromethyl group and other substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups, phenyl group, naphthyl group, 3-methylphenyl Group, 3-methoxyphenyl group, 3-fluorophenyl group, 3-trichloromethylphenyl group, 3-trifluoromethylphenyl group, 3-nitrophenyl group and the like substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, methoxy group, n-butoxy Group, t-butoxy group, trichloromethoxy group,
- mono- or di-substituted amino such as unsubstituted arylthio group, cyano group, nitro group, amino group, methylamino group, diethylamino group, ethylamino group, diethylamino group, dipropylamino group, dibutylamino group, diphenylamino group, etc.
- cycloalkyl group and other cycloalkyl groups phenyl group, naphthyl group, biphenylyl group, anthryl group, phenanthryl group, fluorenyl group, pyrenyl group and other aryl groups, pyridinyl group, pyrazinyl group, pyrimidinyl group, pyridazinyl group, triazinyl group, Indolinyl group, quinolinyl group, acridinyl group, pyrrolidinyl group, dioxanyl group, piperidinyl group, morpholidinyl group, piperazinyl group, triatinyl group, carbazolyl group, furanyl group, thiophenyl group, oxazolyl group, oxadiazolyl group, benzoxazolyl group, Examples thereof include heterocyclic groups such as thiazolyl group, thiadiazolyl group, benzothiazolyl group,
- a polymer compound containing the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group or nitrogen-containing heterocyclic derivative may be used.
- the electron injecting layer and the electron transporting layer include a phosphine oxide compound (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-203828), a phenanthroline derivative (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-331459, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-82551, and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-79297). And Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-267080 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 20001-113174).
- the reducing dopant is defined as a substance capable of reducing the electron transporting compound. Accordingly, various materials can be used as long as they have a certain reducibility, such as alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, rare earth metals, alkali metal oxides, alkali metal halides, alkaline earth metals.
- oxides, halides of alkaline earth metals, oxides of rare earth metals or halides of rare earth metals organic complexes of alkali metals, organic complexes of alkaline earth metals, organic complexes of rare earth metals
- One substance can be preferably used.
- preferable reducing dopants include Na (work function: 2.36 eV), K (work function: 2.28 eV), Rb (work function: 2.16 eV) and Cs (work function: 1 .95 eV), at least one alkali metal selected from the group consisting of Ca (work function: 2.9 eV), Sr (work function: 2.0 to 2.5 eV), and Ba (work function: 2.52 eV).
- a more preferable reducing dopant is at least one alkali metal selected from the group consisting of K, Rb and Cs, further preferably Rb or Cs, and most preferably Cs.
- alkali metals have particularly high reducing ability, and the addition of a relatively small amount to the electron injection region can improve the light emission luminance and extend the life of the organic EL element.
- a reducing dopant having a work function of 2.9 eV or less a combination of these two or more alkali metals is also preferable.
- a combination containing Cs for example, Cs and Na, Cs and K, Cs and Rb, A combination of Cs, Na and K is preferred.
- Cs the reducing ability can be efficiently exhibited, and by adding to the electron injection region, the emission luminance and the life of the organic EL element can be improved.
- an electron injection layer composed of an insulator or a semiconductor may be further provided between the cathode and the organic layer.
- an insulator it is preferable to use at least one metal compound selected from the group consisting of alkali metal chalcogenides, alkaline earth metal chalcogenides, alkali metal halides and alkaline earth metal halides. If the electron injection layer is composed of these alkali metal chalcogenides or the like, it is preferable in that the electron injection property can be further improved.
- preferable alkali metal chalcogenides include, for example, Li 2 O, LiO, Na 2 S, Na 2 Se, and NaO
- preferable alkaline earth metal chalcogenides include, for example, CaO, BaO, SrO, and BeO. , BaS, and CaSe
- preferable alkali metal halides include, for example, LiF, NaF, KF, LiCl, KCl, and NaCl.
- examples of preferable alkaline earth metal halides include fluorides such as CaF 2 , BaF 2 , SrF 2 , MgF 2 and BeF 2 , and halides other than fluorides.
- the inorganic compound which comprises an electron carrying layer is a microcrystal or an amorphous insulating thin film. If the electron transport layer is composed of these insulating thin films, a more uniform thin film is formed, and pixel defects such as dark spots can be reduced. Examples of such inorganic compounds include the alkali metal chalcogenides, alkaline earth metal chalcogenides, alkali metal halides, and alkaline earth metal halides described above.
- cathode As the cathode, a metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound having a low work function (4 eV or less), and a mixture thereof and an electrode material thereof are used. Specific examples of such electrode materials include sodium, sodium-potassium alloy, magnesium, lithium, magnesium / silver alloy, aluminum / aluminum oxide, aluminum / lithium alloy, indium, and rare earth metals.
- the cathode can be produced by forming a thin film of these electrode materials by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering.
- the transmittance with respect to the light emitted from the cathode is larger than 10%.
- the sheet resistance as the cathode is preferably several hundred ⁇ / ⁇ or less, and the film thickness is usually 5 nm to 1 ⁇ m, preferably 5 to 200 nm. In addition, what is necessary is just to adjust the film thickness of said material, when making a cathode into a light semi-transmissive semi-reflective electrode.
- the organic EL Since the organic EL applies an electric field to the ultrathin film, pixel defects are likely to occur due to leakage or short circuit. In order to prevent this, it is preferable to insert an insulating thin film layer between the pair of electrodes.
- the material used for the insulating layer include aluminum oxide, lithium fluoride, lithium oxide, cesium fluoride, cesium oxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium fluoride, calcium oxide, calcium fluoride, cesium fluoride, cesium carbonate, aluminum nitride, Examples include titanium oxide, silicon oxide, germanium oxide, silicon nitride, boron nitride, molybdenum oxide, ruthenium oxide, and vanadium oxide. A mixture or laminate of these may be used.
- An organic EL device can be manufactured by forming an anode, a light emitting layer, a hole injection layer as necessary, and an electron injection layer as necessary, and further forming a cathode by the materials and methods exemplified above. Moreover, an organic EL element can also be produced from the cathode to the anode in the reverse order.
- an example of manufacturing an organic EL device having a structure in which an anode / a hole injection layer / a hole transport layer / a light emitting layer / an electron transport layer / a cathode are sequentially provided on a translucent substrate will be described.
- a thin film made of an anode material is formed on a suitable translucent substrate by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering so as to have a film thickness of 1 ⁇ m or less, preferably in the range of 10 to 200 nm, to produce an anode.
- the hole injection layer is provided on the anode.
- the hole injection layer can be formed by a vacuum deposition method, a spin coating method, a casting method, an LB method, or the like, but a uniform film can be easily obtained and pinholes are hardly generated. From the point of view, it is preferable to form by vacuum deposition.
- the deposition conditions vary depending on the compound used (the material of the hole injection layer), the crystal structure of the target hole injection layer, the recombination structure, etc.
- the source temperature is preferably selected from the range of 50 to 450 ° C., the degree of vacuum of 10 ⁇ 7 to 10 ⁇ 3 torr, the deposition rate of 0.01 to 50 nm / second, the substrate temperature of ⁇ 50 to 300 ° C., and the film thickness of 5 nm to 5 ⁇ m. .
- a hole transport layer made of the compound of the above formula (1) and / or the compound of the above formula (2) is formed on the hole injection layer.
- the formation method and conditions are the same as in the case of forming the hole injection layer.
- a light emitting layer is provided on the hole transport layer.
- the light emitting layer can also be formed by thinning the organic light emitting material by a method such as vacuum deposition, sputtering, spin coating, or casting using a desired organic light emitting material, but it is easy to obtain a uniform film.
- the vapor deposition conditions vary depending on the compound used, but can generally be selected from the same condition range as that of the hole transport layer.
- an electron transport layer composed of the compound of the above formula (3) and / or the compound of the above formula (4) is provided on the light emitting layer.
- a vacuum evaporation method because it is necessary to obtain a homogeneous film.
- Deposition conditions can be selected from the same condition ranges as the hole transport layer and the light emitting layer.
- an organic EL element can be obtained by laminating a cathode.
- the cathode is made of metal, and vapor deposition or sputtering can be used.
- vacuum deposition is preferred to protect the underlying organic layer from damage during film formation. It is preferable that the organic EL device described so far is manufactured from the anode to the cathode consistently by a single vacuum.
- each layer of the organic EL element of this invention is not specifically limited. Conventionally known methods such as vacuum deposition and spin coating can be used.
- the organic thin film layer containing the compound of the above formula (1) and / or the compound of the above formula (2) used in the organic EL device of the present invention can be applied to a vacuum deposition method, a molecular beam deposition method (MBE method) or a solvent.
- MBE method molecular beam deposition method
- the dissolved solution can be formed by a known method such as a dipping method, a spin coating method, a casting method, a bar coating method, or a roll coating method.
- each organic layer of the organic EL device of the present invention is not particularly limited. Generally, if the film thickness is too thin, defects such as pinholes are likely to occur. Conversely, if it is too thick, a high applied voltage is required and the efficiency is deteriorated. Therefore, the range of several nm to 1 ⁇ m is usually preferable.
- the evaluation method of the organic EL element is as follows.
- Example 1 A 25 mm ⁇ 75 mm ⁇ 1.1 mm thick glass substrate with ITO transparent electrode (anode) (manufactured by Geomatic) was ultrasonically cleaned in isopropyl alcohol for 5 minutes, and then UV ozone cleaning was performed for 30 minutes.
- a glass substrate with a transparent electrode line after cleaning is attached to a substrate holder of a vacuum deposition apparatus, and first, the transparent electrode is covered on the surface on which the transparent electrode line is formed, and a film thickness is formed as a hole injection layer.
- a 10-nm compound HI1 was deposited at a deposition rate of 1 ⁇ / s.
- compound HT1 On this compound H1 film
- LiF was formed at a film thickness of 0.5 nm and a film formation rate of 0.1 ⁇ / s.
- metal Al was deposited to a thickness of 100 nm at a film formation rate of 1 ⁇ / s to form a metal cathode to form an organic EL light emitting device.
- Example 2 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the compound HT2 was laminated to a thickness of 35 nm as the hole transport layer.
- Example 3 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the compound ET2 was laminated with a thickness of 30 nm as the electron transport layer.
- Example 4 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the compound HI2 was laminated with a thickness of 5 nm as the hole injection layer and the compound HT2 was laminated with a thickness of 40 nm as the hole transport layer.
- Example 5 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that MoO 3 was laminated with a thickness of 3 nm as the hole injection layer and compound HT2 was laminated with a thickness of 42 nm as the hole transport layer.
- Example 6 As a hole injection layer, the C 60 with a thickness of 3nm laminated, a hole transport layer, except that the compound HT2 thickness was 42nm laminated An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 7 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that PEDOT: PSS was deposited to a thickness of 30 nm as the hole injection layer and compound HT2 was deposited to a thickness of 15 nm as the hole transport layer.
- Example 8 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that CFx was laminated with a thickness of 3 nm as the hole injection layer and compound HT2 was laminated with a thickness of 42 nm as the hole transport layer.
- Comparative Example 1 Example 1 except that a 4,4′-bis [N- (1-naphthyl) -N-phenylamino] biphenyl film (hereinafter abbreviated as “NPD film”) was laminated as a hole transporting layer with a thickness of 35 nm. In the same manner, an organic EL device was produced.
- NPD film 4,4′-bis [N- (1-naphthyl) -N-phenylamino] biphenyl film
- Comparative Example 2 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that Alq (8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum complex) was deposited to a thickness of 30 nm as the electron transport layer.
- Example 9 A 25 mm ⁇ 75 mm ⁇ 1.1 mm thick glass substrate with ITO transparent electrode (anode) (manufactured by Geomatic) was ultrasonically cleaned in isopropyl alcohol for 5 minutes, and then UV ozone cleaning was performed for 30 minutes.
- the glass substrate with the transparent electrode line after washing is mounted on a substrate holder of a vacuum evaporation apparatus, and first, the transparent electrode is covered on the surface on the side where the transparent electrode line is formed, so that a compound HI3 is formed as a hole injection layer.
- a compound HI3 is formed as a hole injection layer.
- a compound HI3 was formed at a film forming rate of 0.1 nm / s.
- a compound HT1 having a film thickness of 25 nm was formed at 1 ⁇ / s as a hole transport layer.
- the compound RH and the compound RD were vapor-deposited at a film thickness of 5 nm so that the compound RD was 0.5% by weight to form a first light emitting layer.
- the first light emitting layer emits red light.
- an HT1 film having a thickness of 5 nm was formed as a charge barrier layer.
- the compound L1 and the compound L2 were vapor-deposited on the charge barrier layer so that the compound L2 was 7.5% by weight to form a blue light-emitting layer (second light-emitting layer) having a thickness of 10 nm.
- the compound L1 and the compound GD were deposited at a film thickness of 30 nm so that the compound GD would be 10% by weight, and a green light emitting layer was formed.
- a compound ET1 having a thickness of 20 nm was formed as a transport layer.
- a 1.6 nm LiF film was formed as an electron injection layer.
- metal Al was deposited to a thickness of 150 nm to form a metal cathode to form an organic EL light emitting device.
- initial performance and lifetime were evaluated by said method.
- the emission color was white.
- Example 10 An organic EL device was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 9 except that the compound HT2 was laminated with a thickness of 25 nm as the hole transport layer and the compound HT2 was laminated with a thickness of 5 nm as the charge barrier layer. Moreover, when voltage was applied to the obtained organic EL light emitting device, the emission color was white.
- Example 11 As an electron transport layer, an organic EL device was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 10 except that the compound ET2 was laminated with a thickness of 20 nm. Moreover, when voltage was applied to the obtained organic EL light emitting device, the emission color was white.
- Comparative Example 4 As a hole transport layer, a 4,4′-bis [N- (1-naphthyl) -N-phenylamino] biphenyl film (hereinafter abbreviated as “NPD film”) is laminated to a film thickness of 25 nm, and further as a charge barrier layer An organic EL element was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 10 except that the NPD film was laminated to a thickness of 5 nm.
- NPD film 4,4′-bis [N- (1-naphthyl) -N-phenylamino] biphenyl film
- Comparative Example 5 As the hole transport layer, a 4,4′-bis [N- (1-naphthyl) -N-phenylamino] biphenyl film (hereinafter abbreviated as “NPD film”) was laminated to a thickness of 25 nm, and the electron transport layer was An organic EL device was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 10 except that Alq (8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum complex) was laminated to a thickness of 20 nm.
- NPD film 4,4′-bis [N- (1-naphthyl) -N-phenylamino] biphenyl film
- the organic EL element of the present invention can be used as an organic EL material for each color including blue, and can be applied to various display elements, displays, backlights, illumination light sources, signs, signboards, interiors, etc. Suitable as a display element of a display. Since the white organic EL element of the present invention has high luminance, high efficiency, and long life, it is extremely practical and useful as a full-color display, information display device, in-vehicle display device, and lighting fixture.
- the literature content described in this specification is incorporated herein by reference.
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Abstract
Description
Tang等は、トリス(8-ヒドロキシキノリノールアルミニウム)を発光層に、トリフェニルジアミン誘導体を正孔輸送層に用いている。積層構造の利点としては、発光層への正孔の注入効率を高めること、陰極より注入された電子をブロックして再結合により生成する励起子の生成効率を高めること、発光層内で生成した励起子を閉じ込めること等が挙げられる。
一方、特許文献5~7にはカルバゾールを含有するアリールアミン系化合物が開示されている。また、このような材料を正孔輸送材料に用いると発光効率が向上するという特徴があったが、同時に駆動電圧が大幅に高くなりまた、素子寿命も極端に短くなるという欠点があった。
さらに特許文献8には、陽極から発光層へ効率よく正孔を注入するために階段状にイオン化ポテンシャル値を設定した2層以上の正孔注入輸送層を用いる素子が開示されている。しかし、特許文献8に記載されている材料系では発光効率、寿命ともに不十分であった。
本発明は、高効率、長寿命な白色系有機EL素子を提供することを目的とする。
1. 陽極と陰極と、
前記陽極と前記陰極の間に、少なくとも有機化合物からなる発光層と、
前記陽極と前記発光層の間である正孔注入・輸送帯域に2以上の層と、
前記発光層と前記陰極の間である電子注入・輸送帯域に1以上の層を有し、
前記正孔注入・輸送帯域にある層の発光層に接する層が、カルバゾール骨格を有する芳香族アミン誘導体を含有し、
前記正孔注入・輸送帯域にある層の発光層に接する層以外のいずれか1層が、チオフェン誘導体、3環以上の縮合芳香族誘導体、アミン誘導(但し下記式(A)で表される化合物を除く)、導電性高分子、CFx、CuPc、遷移金属酸化物、フラーレン及びアクセプタ性材料からなる群から選択される1以上の材料を含有し、
前記電子注入・輸送帯域にある層がベンゾイミダゾール誘導体を含有する、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
2.前記カルバゾール骨格を有する芳香族アミン誘導体が下記式(1)で表される化合物である1に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
(式中、Ar1及びAr2は、各々独立して、置換基を有していてもよい、芳香族炭化水素環基又は芳香族複素環基を示し、
R1~R10は、各々独立して、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、アルキル基、アラルキル基、アルケニル基、シアノ基、アミノ基、アシル基、アルコキシカルボニル基、カルボキシル基、アルコキシ基、アリールオキシ基、アルキルスルホニル基、水酸基、アミド基、芳香族炭化水素環基又は芳香族複素環基を表し、これらはいずれも、さらに置換されていてもよい。また、R1~R10は隣り合うもの同士で環を形成していてもよい。)
3.前記カルバゾール骨格を有する芳香族アミン誘導体が下記式(2)で表される化合物である1に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
(式中、Ar1及びAr2は、各々独立して、置換基を有していてもよい、芳香族炭化水素環基又は芳香族複素環基を示し、
R1~R12は、各々独立して、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、アルキル基、アラルキル基、アルケニル基、シアノ基、アミノ基、アシル基、アルコキシカルボニル基、カルボキシル基、アルコキシ基、アリールオキシ基、アルキルスルホニル基、水酸基、アミド基、芳香族炭化水素環基又は芳香族複素環基を表し、これらはいずれも、さらに置換されていてもよい。また、R1~R12は隣り合うもの同士で環を形成していてもよい。)
4.前記カルバゾール骨格を有する芳香族アミン誘導体のカルバゾール骨格がモノカルバゾリル基である1~3のいずれかに記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
5.前記ベンゾイミダゾール誘導体が、下記式(3)又は(4)で表される化合物である1~4のいずれかに記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
(式中、A1~A3は、それぞれ独立に、窒素原子又は炭素原子である。
Ar3は、置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数6~60のアリール基、又は置換もしくは無置換の核原子数3~60のヘテロアリール基であり、Ar4は、水素原子、置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数6~60のアリール基、置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数3~60のヘテロアリール基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のアルキル基、又は置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基である。ただし、Ar3及びAr4のいずれか一方は、置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数10~60の縮合環基、又は置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数3~60のモノヘテロ縮合環基である。
Ar5は、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数6~60のアリーレン基、又は置換もしくは無置換の炭素数3~60のヘテロアリーレン基である。
L1、L2及びL3は、それぞれ独立に、単結合、置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数6~60のアリーレン基、置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数3~60のヘテロアリーレン基、又は置換もしくは無置換のフルオレニレン基である。
R13は、水素原子、置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数6~60のアリール基、置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数3~60のヘテロアリール基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のアルキル基、又は置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基であり、nは0~5の整数であり、nが2以上の場合、複数のR13は同一でも異なっていてもよく、また、隣接する複数のR13基同士で結合して、炭素環式脂肪族環又は炭素環式芳香族環を形成していてもよい。
R14は、水素原子、置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数6~60のアリール基、置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数3~60のヘテロアリール基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のアルキル基、又は置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基、又は-L1-Ar5-Ar4である。)
6.前記チオフェン誘導体が下記式(x)で表される化合物である1~5のいずれかに記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
(式中、Ar11~Ar13のうち少なくとも1つは下記式(y)で表される置換基であり、前記式(y)で表される置換基ではないAr11~Ar13は、置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数6~50のアリール基又は下記式(z)で表される置換基である。
Ar11~Ar13は、それぞれ同じでも異なってもよい)
(式中、Ar14は、核炭素数6~50のアリール基である。
L11は、置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数6~50のアリーレン基、又は置換もしくは無置換の核原子数6~50のヘテロアリーレン基である。)
(式中、L12は、置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数6~50のアリーレン基である。
Ar14及びAr15は、それぞれ置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数6~50のアリール基、前記式(y)で表される置換基、又は前記式(z)で表される置換基である。)
7.青色発光する1~6のいずれかに記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
8.1~7のいずれかに記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を含んでなる表示装置。
9.陽極と陰極と、
前記陽極と前記陰極の間に、少なくとも有機化合物からなる発光層と、
前記陽極と前記発光層の間である正孔注入・輸送帯域に1以上の層と、
前記発光層と前記陰極の間である電子注入・輸送帯域に1以上の層を有し、
前記正孔注入・輸送帯域にある層の発光層に接する層が、カルバゾール骨格を有する芳香族アミン誘導体を含有し、
前記電子注入・輸送帯域にある層がベンゾイミダゾール誘導体を含有する、白色系有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
10.前記カルバゾール骨格を有する芳香族アミン誘導体が下記式(1)で表される化合物である9に記載の白色系有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
(式中、Ar1及びAr2は、各々独立して、置換基を有していてもよい、芳香族炭化水素環基又は芳香族複素環基を示し、
R1~R10は、各々独立して、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、アルキル基、アラルキル基、アルケニル基、シアノ基、アミノ基、アシル基、アルコキシカルボニル基、カルボキシル基、アルコキシ基、アリールオキシ基、アルキルスルホニル基、水酸基、アミド基、芳香族炭化水素環基又は芳香族複素環基を表し、これらはいずれも、さらに置換されていてもよい。また、R1~R10は隣り合うもの同士で環を形成していてもよい。)
11.前記カルバゾール骨格を有する芳香族アミン誘導体が下記式(2)で表される化合物である9に記載の白色系有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
(式中、Ar1及びAr2は、各々独立して、置換基を有していてもよい、芳香族炭化水素環基又は芳香族複素環基を示し、
R1~R12は、各々独立して、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、アルキル基、アラルキル基、アルケニル基、シアノ基、アミノ基、アシル基、アルコキシカルボニル基、カルボキシル基、アルコキシ基、アリールオキシ基、アルキルスルホニル基、水酸基、アミド基、芳香族炭化水素環基又は芳香族複素環基を表し、これらはいずれも、さらに置換されていてもよい。また、R1~R12は隣り合うもの同士で環を形成していてもよい。)
12.前記カルバゾール骨格を有する芳香族アミン誘導体のカルバゾール骨格がモノカルバゾリル基である9~11のいずれかに記載の白色系有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
13.前記ベンゾイミダゾール誘導体が、下記式(3)又は(4)で表される化合物である9~12のいずれかに記載の白色系有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
(式中、A1~A3は、それぞれ独立に、窒素原子又は炭素原子である。
Ar3は、置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数6~60のアリール基、又は置換もしくは無置換の核原子数3~60のヘテロアリール基であり、Ar4は、水素原子、置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数6~60のアリール基、置換もしくは無置換の核原子数3~60のヘテロアリール基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のアルキル基、又は置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基である。ただし、Ar3及びAr4のいずれか一方は、置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数10~60の縮合環基、又は置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数3~60のモノヘテロ縮合環基である。
Ar5は、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数6~60のアリーレン基、又は置換もしくは無置換の炭素数3~60のヘテロアリーレン基である。
L1、L2及びL3は、それぞれ独立に、単結合、置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数6~60のアリーレン基、置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数3~60のヘテロアリーレン基、又は置換もしくは無置換のフルオレニレン基である。
R13は、水素原子、置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数6~60のアリール基、置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数3~60のヘテロアリール基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のアルキル基、又は置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基であり、nは0~5の整数であり、nが2以上の場合、複数のR13は同一でも異なっていてもよく、また、隣接する複数のR13基同士で結合して、炭素環式脂肪族環又は炭素環式芳香族環を形成していてもよい。
R14は、水素原子、置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数6~60のアリール基、置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数3~60のヘテロアリール基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のアルキル基、又は置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基、又は-L1-Ar5-Ar4である。)
14.9~13のいずれかに記載の白色系有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を含んでなる表示装置。
本発明によれば、特別な構造を持つ材料を用いることにより、高効率、長寿命な白色系有機EL素子を提供することができる。
本発明の第1の態様の有機EL素子は、陽極と陰極の間に、少なくとも有機化合物からなる発光層を有する。そして、陽極と発光層との間である正孔注入・輸送帯域に2以上の層を有し、陰極と発光層との間である電子注入・輸送帯域に1以上の層を有する。
図1は本発明の第1の態様の有機EL素子の一実施形態を示す概略断面図である。
有機EL素子1では、基板(図示せず)上に陽極10、正孔注入層20、正孔輸送層30、発光層40、電子輸送層50、電子注入層60、陰極70がこの順に積層されている。
本発明の第1の態様においては、正孔注入・輸送帯域にある層であって発光層と接する層以外のいずれか一層である正孔注入層20、正孔注入・輸送帯域にある層であって発光層と接する層である正孔輸送層30及び電子注入・輸送帯域にある層である電子輸送層50及び電子注入層60は、以下の条件(A)、(B)及び(C)を満たす。
(式中、Ar11~Ar13のうち少なくとも1つは下記式(y)で表される置換基であり、前記式(y)で表される置換基ではないAr11~Ar13は、置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数6~50のアリール基又は下記式(z)で表される置換基である。
Ar11~Ar13は、それぞれ同じでも異なってもよい)
(式中、Ar14は、核炭素数6~50のアリール基である。
L11は、置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数6~50のアリーレン基、又は置換もしくは無置換の核原子数6~50のヘテロアリーレン基である。)
(式中、L12は、置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数6~50のアリーレン基である。
Ar14及びAr15は、それぞれ置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数6~50のアリール基、前記式(y)で表される置換基、又は前記式(z)で表される置換基である。)
電子吸引性の置換基として、例えば、ハロゲン、CN-、カルボニル基、アリールホウ素基等が挙げられる。
電子欠乏環として、例えば、2-ピリジル、3-ピリジル、4-ピリジル、2-キノリル、3-キノリル、4-キノリル、2-イミダゾール、4-イミダゾール、3-ピラゾール、4-ピラゾール、ピリダジン、ピリミジン、ピラジン、シンノリン、フタラジン、キナゾリン、キノキサリン、3-(1,2,4-N)-トリアゾリル、5-(1,2,4-N)-トリアゾリル、5-テトラゾリル、4-(1-O,3-N)-オキサゾール、5-(1-O,3-N)-オキサゾール、4-(1-S,3-N)-チアゾール、5-(1-S,3-N)-チアゾール、2-ベンゾキサゾール、2-ベンゾチアゾール、4-(1,2,3-N)-ベンゾトリアゾール、及びベンズイミダゾールからなる群から選択される化合物等が挙げられるが、必ずしもこれらに限定されるわけではない。
(式中、R49~R52は、それぞれ水素、フルオロアルキル基、アルキル基、アリール基又は複素環であり、R50とR51が環を形成してもよい。)
R1~R48のフルオロアルキル基として、トリフルオロメチル基、ペンタフルオロエチル基が好ましい。
R1~R48のアルコキシル基として、メトキシ基、エトキシ基、iso-プロポキシ基、tert-ブトキシ基が好ましい。
R1~R48のアルキル基として、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、iso-プロピル基、tert-ブチル基、シクロヘキシル基が好ましい。
R1~R48のアリール基として、フェニル基、ナフチル基が好ましい。
R49~R52のフルオロアルキル基、アルキル基、アリール基は、R1~R48と同様である。
ドナーとしては上記のドナー性金属の他、アミン化合物、ポリアミン化合物、タングステン錯体等の有機ドナー性化合物が挙げられる。
Ar1,Ar2の芳香族炭化水素環基としては、例えばベンゼン環の単環又は2~5縮合環からなる基が挙げられ、具体的には、フェニル基、ナフチル基、アントリル基、フェナントリル基、ピレニル基、ペリレニル基等が挙げられる。芳香族複素環基としては、例えば5又は6員環の単環又は2~5縮合環が挙げられ、具体的にはピリジル基、トリアジニル基、ピラジニル基、キノキサリニル基、チエニル基等が挙げられる。
これらのうち、アルキル基、アルコキシ基、アルキルアミノ基、アリールアミノ基、アリールアルキルアミノ基、ハロゲン原子、芳香族炭化水素環基、芳香族複素環基が好ましく、アルキル基、アルコキシ基、アリールアミノ基が特に好ましい。
Ar5は、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数6~60のアリーレン基、又は置換もしくは無置換の炭素数3~60のヘテロアリーレン基である。
本発明の第2の態様の白色系有機EL素子は、陽極と陰極の間に、少なくとも有機化合物からなる発光層を有する。そして、陽極と発光層との間である正孔注入・輸送帯域に1以上の層を有し、陰極と発光層との間である電子注入・輸送帯域に1以上の層を有する。
図2は本発明の第2の態様の白色系有機EL素子の一実施形態を示す概略断面図である。
有機EL素子2では、基板(図示せず)上に陽極10、正孔注入層20、正孔輸送層30、発光層40、電子輸送層50、電子注入層60、陰極70がこの順に積層されている。
本発明においては、正孔注入・輸送帯域にある層であって発光層と接する層である正孔輸送層30及び電子注入・輸送帯域にある層である電子輸送層50及び電子注入層60は、以下の条件(A’)、(B’)を満たす。
(1)陽極/正孔注入層/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/陰極
(2)陽極/正孔注入層/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/電子注入層/陰極(図1及び図2)
(3)陽極/正孔注入層/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/絶縁層/陰極
(4)陽極/絶縁層/正孔注入層/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/電子注入層/絶縁層/陰極
また、有機EL素子は、陽極-陰極間がキャビティ構造、即ち、発光層が発した光を陽極-陰極間で反射させる構造を有していてもよい。例えば、陰極が半透過半反射材料を用いて構成され、陽極の光反射面を有する構造である。この場合、陽極側の光反射面と、陰極側の光反射面との間で多重干渉させた発光が陰極側から取り出される。陽極側の光反射面と陰極側の光反射面との間の光学的距離は、取り出したい光の波長によって規定され、この光学的距離を満たすように各層の膜厚が設定される。特に、上面発光型(発光を、支持基板を通さずに素子外部に取り出す)の有機EL素子においては、このキャビティ構造を積極的に用いることにより、外部への光取り出し効率の改善や発光スペクトルの制御を行うことが可能である。
以下、本発明の第1の態様及び第2の態様の有機EL素子(以下、単に本発明の有機EL素子という場合がある)を構成する各部材について説明する。
本発明の有機EL素子は透光性の基板上に作製する。ここでいう透光性基板は有機EL素子を支持する基板であり、400~700nmの可視領域の光の透過率が50%以上で、平滑な基板が好ましい。
具体的には、ガラス板、ポリマー板等が挙げられる。ガラス板としては、特にソーダ石灰ガラス、バリウム・ストロンチウム含有ガラス、鉛ガラス、アルミノケイ酸ガラス、ホウケイ酸ガラス、バリウムホウケイ酸ガラス、石英等が挙げられる。またポリマー板としては、ポリカーボネート、アクリル、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリエーテルサルファイド、ポリサルフォン等を挙げることができる。
尚、光を基板の反対側から取り出すトップエミッション型の素子では、基板は必ずしも透光性である必要はない。
有機薄膜EL素子の陽極は、正孔を正孔輸送層又は発光層に注入する役割を担うものであり、4.5eV以上の仕事関数を有することが効果的である。本発明に用いられる陽極材料の具体例としては、例えばアルミニウム(Al)、クロム(Cr)、モリブテン(Mo)、タングステン(W)、銅(Cu)、銀(Ag)、金(Au)の金属及びその合金さらにはこれらの金属や合金の酸化物等、又は、酸化スズ(SnO2)とアンチモン(Sb)との合金、ITO(インジウムチンオキシド)、InZnO(インジウム亜鉛オキシド)、酸化亜鉛(ZnO)とアルミニウム(Al)との合金、さらにはこれらの金属や合金の酸化物等が、単独又は混在させた状態で用いられる。
一方、発光層からの発光を陰極から取り出す場合、陽極は反射性電極であることが好ましい。この場合、陽極は光反射性に優れた第1層と、この上部に設けられた光透過性を有すると共に仕事関数の大きい第2層との積層構造であっても良い。
陽極のシート抵抗は、数百Ω/□以下が好ましい。陽極の膜厚は材料にもよるが、通常10nm~1μm、好ましくは10~200nmの範囲で選択される。
有機EL素子の発光層は以下の機能を併せ持つものである。
(1)注入機能;電界印加時に陽極又は正孔注入・輸送層より正孔を注入することができ、陰極又は電子注入・輸送層より電子を注入することができる機能
(2)輸送機能;注入した電荷(電子と正孔)を電界の力で移動させる機能
(3)発光機能;電子と正孔の再結合の場を提供し、これを発光につなげる機能
但し、正孔の注入されやすさと電子の注入されやすさに違いがあってもよく、また正孔と電子の移動度で表される輸送能に大小があってもよいが、どちらか一方の電荷を移動することが好ましい。
ここで分子堆積膜とは、気相状態の材料化合物から沈着され形成された薄膜や、溶液状態又は液相状態の材料化合物から固体化され形成された膜のことであり、通常この分子堆積膜は、LB法により形成された薄膜(分子累積膜)とは凝集構造、高次構造の相違や、それに起因する機能的な相違により区分することができる。
また、特開昭57-51781号公報に開示されているように、樹脂等の結着剤と材料化合物とを溶剤に溶かして溶液とした後、これをスピンコート法等により薄膜化することによっても、発光層を形成することができる。
式中、Ar’は核炭素数6~50の芳香族環もしくは核原子数5~50の複素芳香族環である。
具体的には、フェニル環、ナフチル環、アントラセン環、ビフェニレン環、アズレン環、アセナフチレン環、フルオレン環、フェナントレン環、フルオランテン環、アセフェナンスリレン環、トリフェニレン環、ピレン環、クリセン環、ベンズアントラセン環、ナフタセン環、ピセン環、ペリレン環、ペンタフェン環、ペンタセン環、テトラフェニレン環、ヘキサフェン環、ヘキサセン環、ルビセン環、コロネン環、トリナフチレン環、ピロール環、インドール環、カルバゾール環、イミダゾール環、ベンズイミダゾール環、オキサジアゾール環、トリアゾール環、ピリジン環、キノキサリン環、キノリン環、ピリミジン環、トリアジン環、チオフェン環、ベンゾチオフェン環、チアンスレン環、フラン環、ベンゾフラン環、ピラゾール環、ピラジン環、ピリダジン環、インドリジン環、キナゾリン環、フェナントロリン環、シロール環、ベンゾシロール環等が挙げられる。
好ましくはフェニル環、ナフチル環、アントラセン環、アセナフチレン環、フルオレン環、フェナントレン環、フルオランテン環、トリフェニレン環、ピレン環、クリセン環、ベンズアントラセン環、ペリレン環が挙げられる。
具体的には、置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数6~50の芳香族基、置換もしくは無置換の核原子数5~50の芳香族複素環基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~50のアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~50のアルコキシ基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~50のアラルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の核原子数5~50のアリールオキシ基、置換もしくは無置換の核原子数5~50のアリールチオ基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~50のカルボキシル基、置換又は無置換のスチリル基、ハロゲン基、シアノ基、ニトロ基、ヒドロキシル基等である。
mは1~2、nは0~4が好ましい。
またn≧2の時、( )内のX’はそれぞれ同じでも異なっていてもよい。
A1-L-A2・・・(II)
(式中、A1及びA2は、それぞれ置換若しくは無置換のモノフェニルアントリル基又は置換若しくは無置換のジフェニルアルアントリル基を示し、それらは互いに同一でも異なっていてもよく、Lは単結合又は二価の連結基を示す。)
A3-An-A4・・・(III)
(式中、Anは置換若しくは無置換の二価のアントラセン残基を示し、A3及びA4は、それぞれ置換若しくは無置換の一価の縮合芳香族環基又は置換若しくは無置換の炭素数12以上の非縮合環系アリール基を示し、それらは互いに同一でも異なっていてもよい。)
(式中、R91~R100は、それぞれ独立に水素原子,アルキル基,シクロアルキル基,置換してもよいアリール基,アルコキシル基,アリーロキシ基,アルキルアミノ基,アリールアミノ基又は置換してもよい複素環式基を示し、a及びbは、それぞれ1~5の整数を示し、それらが2以上の場合、R91同士又はR92同士は、それぞれにおいて、同一でも異なっていてもよく、またR91同士又はR92同士が結合して環を形成していてもよいし、R93とR94,R95とR96,R97とR98,R99とR100が互いに結合して環を形成していてもよい。L10は単結合又は-O-,-S-,-N(R)-(Rはアルキル基又は置換してもよいアリール基である)又はアリーレン基を示す。)
(式中、R101~R110は、それぞれ独立に水素原子,アルキル基,シクロアルキル基,置換もしくは無置換のアリール基,アルコキシル基,アリーロキシ基,アルキルアミノ基,アリールアミノ基、又は置換もしくは無置換の複素環式基を示し、c,d,e及びfは、それぞれ1~5の整数を示し、それらが2以上の場合、R101同士,R102同士,R106同士又はR107同士は、それぞれにおいて、同一でも異なっていてもよく、またR101同士,R102同士,R106同士又はR107同士が結合して環を形成していてもよいし、R103とR104,R108とR109が互いに結合して環を形成していてもよい。L11は単結合又は-O-,-S-,-N(R)-(Rはアルキル基又は置換してもよいアリール基である)又はアリーレン基を示す。)で表されるアントラセン誘導体を好ましく挙げることができる。
また、L10及びL11の内の-N(R)-におけるRで示されるアルキル基としては炭素数1~6のものが、アリール基としては炭素数5~18のものが好ましい。
R1~R10は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数6~50の芳香族環基、置換もしくは無置換の核原子数5~50の芳香族複素環基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~50のアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換のシクロアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~50のアルコキシ基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数6~50のアラルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の核原子数5~50のアリールオキシ基、置換もしくは無置換の核原子数5~50のアリールチオ基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~50のアルコキシカルボニル基、置換もしくは無置換のシリル基、カルボキシル基、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、ニトロ基、ヒドロキシ基である。)
mは0~2の整数、nは1~4の整数、sは0~2の整数、tは0~4の整数である。
また、L又はArは、ピレンの1~5位のいずれかに結合し、L’又はAr’は、ピレンの6~10位のいずれかに結合する。ただし、n+tが偶数の時、Ar,Ar’,L,L’は下記(1)又は(2)を満たす。
(1) Ar≠Ar’及び/又はL≠L’(ここで≠は、異なる構造の基であることを示す。)
(2) Ar=Ar’かつL=L’の時
(2-1) m≠s及び/又はn≠t、又は
(2-2) m=sかつn=tの時、
(2-2-1) L及びL’、又はピレンが、それぞれAr及びAr’上の異なる結合位置に結合しているか、(2-2-2) L及びL’、又はピレンが、Ar及びAr’上の同じ結合位置で結合している場合、L及びL’又はAr及びAr’のピレンにおける置換位置が1位と6位、又は2位と7位である場合はない。]
Ar1及びAr2は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、又は置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数6~50の芳香族環基である。
R1~R10は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数6~50の芳香族環基、置換もしくは無置換の核原子数5~50の芳香族複素環基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~50のアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換のシクロアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~50のアルコキシ基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数6~50のアラルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の核原子数5~50のアリールオキシ基、置換もしくは無置換の核原子数5~50のアリールチオ基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~50のアルコキシカルボニル基、置換もしくは無置換のシリル基、カルボキシル基、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、ニトロ基又はヒドロキシ基である。
Ar1、Ar2、R9及びR10は、それぞれ複数であってもよく、隣接するもの同士で飽和もしくは不飽和の環状構造を形成していてもよい。
ただし、式において、中心のアントラセンの9位及び10位に、該アントラセン上に示すX-Y軸に対して対称型となる基が結合する場合はない。)
置換又は無置換のスチリル基の例としては、2-フェニル-1-ビニル基、2,2-ジフェニル-1-ビニル基、1,2,2-トリフェニル-1-ビニル基等が挙げられる。
尚p≧2の時、( )内のAr42、Ar43はそれぞれ同じでも異なっていてもよい。
例えば発光層40を、第1発光層、第2発光層及び第3発光層の積層体とし、かつ第1発光層を赤色発光層とし、第2発光層を青色発光層とし、第3発光層を緑色発光層とすることにより、演色性に優れた白色発光を得ることができる。また、電荷障壁層をさらに形成することにより、素子内の3つの発光層の発光バランスの制御を容易とすることができる。
第1発光層/第2発光層
第1発光層/電荷障壁層/第2発光層
第1発光層/第2発光層/第3発光層
第1発光層/電荷障壁層/第2発光層/第3発光層
第1発光層/電荷障壁層/第2発光層/電荷障壁層/第3発光層
第1発光層/第2発光層/電荷障壁層/第3発光層
上記縮合芳香族環誘導体としては、アントラセン誘導体、ナフタセン誘導体、ピレン誘導体、ペンタセン誘導体等が、発光効率や発光寿命の点でさらに好ましい。
ここで、ポリフェニル基とは、ビフェニル、ターフェニル、クォータフェニル、クアテルフェニル、キンクフェニルから構成される置換されてもよい置換基のことである。
上記芳香族アミン誘導体としては、好ましくは置換されてもよいアリールアミノ基を有する縮合芳香族環誘導体である。このような化合物として、例えば、アリールアミノ基を有する、ピレン、アントラセン、クリセンが挙げられ、特に好ましくはアリールアミノ基を有するピレン化合物である。
上記スチリルアミン化合物としては、例えば、スチリルアミン、スチリルジアミン、スチリルトリアミン及びスチリルテトラアミンが挙げられる。
ここでスチリルアミンとは、置換されてもよいアリールアミンに少なくとも1つのアリールビニル基が置換されている化合物である。上記アリールビニル基は置換されていてもよく、当該置換基としてはアリール基、シリル基、アルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アリールアミノ基が挙げられ、これらの置換基にはさらに置換基を有してもよい。
赤色発光層のドーパント材料としては、例えばペリフランテン誘導体及びピロメテン誘導体が挙げられる。
正孔注入、輸送層は発光層への正孔注入を助け、発光領域まで輸送する層であって、正孔移動度が大きく、イオン化エネルギーが通常5.6eV以下と小さい。このような正孔注入、輸送層としてはより低い電界強度で正孔を発光層に輸送する材料が好ましく、さらに正孔の移動度が、例えば104~106V/cmの電界印加時に、少なくとも10-4cm2/V・秒であれば好ましい。
本発明では、正孔注入層、正孔輸送層はそれぞれ複数層であってもよい。本発明の素子構成で用いられている上記式(1)及び式(2)の化合物は、単独で正孔輸送層を形成してもよいし、他の材料と混合して用いてもよい。
(Ar57~Ar62、Ar51~Ar53、Ar54~Ar56は、それぞれ置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数6~50の芳香族基、又は核原子数5~50の複素芳香族基を表し、a~c、p~rは、それぞれ0~3の整数であり、Ar57とAr58、Ar59とAr60、Ar61とAr62はそれぞれ互いに連結して飽和もしくは不飽和の環を形成してもよい。)
(Ar71~Ar74は置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数6~50の芳香族基、又は核原子数5~50の複素芳香族基を表し、L12は連結基であり、単結合、もしくは置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数6~50の芳香族基、又は核原子数5~50の複素芳香族基を表し、xは0~5の整数であり、Ar72とAr73は互いに連結して飽和もしくは不飽和の環を形成してもよい。)
式(2)において、L2は、置換又は無置換の炭素数10~40のアリーレン基である。
好ましくは、ビフェニレン基、ターフェニレン基、クォーターフェニレン基、ナフチレン基、アントラセニレン基、フェナントリレン基、クリセニレン基、ピレニレン基、フルオレニレン基、2,-6-ジフェニルナフタレン-4’,4’’-エン基、2-フェニルナフタレン-2,4’-エン基、1-フェニルナフタレン-1,4’-エン基、2,7-ジフェニルフルオレニレン-4’,4’’-エン基、フルオレニレン基、9,10-ジフェニルアントラセニレン-4’,4’’-エン基、6,12-ジフェニルクリセニレン-4’,4’’-エン基等が挙げられる。
より好ましくは、ビフェニレン基、ターフェニレン基、フルオレニレン基、2-フェニルナフタレン-2,4’-エン基、1-フェニルナフタレン-1,4’-エン基、6,12-ジフェニルクリセニレン-4’,4’’-エン基である。
式(2)のAr3~Ar6において、置換又は無置換の核炭素数6~60の芳香族炭化水素環基は式(1)のAr1及びAr2と例の同様である。
また、置換又は無置換の核原子数6~60の芳香族複素環基としては、例えば5又は6員環の単環又は2~5縮合環が挙げられ、具体的にはピリジル基、トリアジニル基、ピラジニル基、キノキサリニル基、チエニル基が挙げられる。
式(3)において、Ar3~Ar6は、式(2)のAr3~Ar6と同様である。
式(3)において、Raは置換基を表す。Raの具体例は、上述した式(1)のZ等の置換基と同様である。
nは2~4の整数を表す。好ましくは2及び3である。
好ましくは、3-ビフェニル基、4-ビフェニル基、p-ターフェニル基、m-ターフェニル基、9,9-ジメチル-2-フルオレニル基である。
この置換又は無置換のビフェニル基の末端にアリールアミノ基が置換されていてもよい。
・例示化合物
1. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N,N-ジフェニル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
2. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N-フェニル-N-(4’-メチルフェニル)-9-メチル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
3. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N,N-ジフェニル-9,9-ジメチル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
4. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N-フェニル-N-(3’-メチルフェニル)-9,9-ジメチル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
5. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N-フェニル-N-(4’-メチルフェニル)-9,9-ジメチル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
6. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N-フェニル-N-(4’-エチルフェニル)-9,9-ジメチル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
7. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N-フェニル-N-(4’-tert-ブチルフェニル)-9,9-ジメチル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
8. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N-フェニル-N-(3’,4’-ジメチルフェニル)-9,9-ジメチル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
9. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N-フェニル-N-(3’,5’-ジメチルフェニル)-9,9-ジメチル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
10. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N,N-ジ(3’-メチルフェニル)-9,9-ジメチル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
11. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N,N-ジ(4’-メチルフェニル)-9,9-ジメチル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
12. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N,N-ジ(4’-エチルフェニル)-9,9-ジメチル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
13. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N-フェニル-N-(3’-メトキシフェニル)-9,9-ジメチル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
14. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N-フェニル-N-(4’-メトキシフェニル)-9,9-ジメチル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
15. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N-フェニル-N-(4’-エトキシフェニル)-9,9-ジメチル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
16. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N-フェニル-N-(4’-n-ブトキシフェニル)-9,9-ジメチル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
17. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N,N-ジ(4’-メトキシフェニル)-9,9-ジメチル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
19. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N-(4’-メチルフェニル)-N-(4”-メトキシフェニル)-9,9-ジメチル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
20. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N-フェニル-N-(3’-フルオロフェニル)-9,9-ジメチル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
21. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N-フェニル-N-(4’-クロロフェニル)-9,9-ジメチル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
22. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N-フェニル-N-(4’-フェニルフェニル)-9,9-ジメチル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
23. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N-フェニル-N-(1’-ナフチル)-9,9-ジメチル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
24. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N-フェニル-N-(2’-ナフチル)-9,9-ジメチル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
25. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N-(4’-メチルフェニル)-N-(2”-ナフチル)-9,9-ジメチル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
26. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N-フェニル-N-(2’-フリル)-9,9-ジメチル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
27. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N-フェニル-N-(2’-チエニル)-9,9-ジメチル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
28. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N,N-ジフェニル-4-フルオロ-9,9-ジメチル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
29. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N,N-ジフェニル-3-メトキシ-9,9-ジメチル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
30. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N,N-ジフェニル-4-フェニル-9,9-ジメチル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
31. 7-(3’-メチル-N’-カルバゾイル)-N,N-ジフェニル-9,9-ジメチル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
32. 7-(3’-メトキシ-N’-カルバゾイル)-N,N-ジフェニル-9,9-ジメチル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
33. 7-(3’-クロロ-N’-カルバゾイル)-N,N-ジフェニル-9,9-ジメチル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
34. 2,7-ジ(N-カルバゾイル)-9,9-ジメチル-9H-フルオレン
35. 7-(N’-フェノキサジイル)-N,N-ジフェニル-9,9-ジメチル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
36. 7-(N’-フェノキサジイル)-N,N-ジ(4’-メチルフェニル)-9,9-ジメチル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
37. 2,7-ジ(N-フェノキサジイル)-9,9-ジメチル-9H-フルオレン
38. 7-(N’-フェノチアジイル)-N,N-ジフェニル-9,9-ジメチル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
39. 7-(N’-フェノチアジイル)-N-フェニル-N-(3’-メチルフェニル)-9,9-ジメチル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
40. 7-(N’-フェノチアジイル)-N-フェニル-N-(4’-メチルフェニル)-9,9-ジメチル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
41. 7-(N’-フェノチアジイル)-N,N-ジ(4’-メチルフェニル)-9,9-ジメチル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
42. 7-(N’-フェノチアジイル)-N-フェニル-N-(4’-メトキシフェニル)-9,9-ジメチル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
43. 7-(N’-フェノチアジイル)-N-フェニル-N-(2’-ナフチル)-9,9-ジメチル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
44. 2,7-ジ(N-フェノチアジイル)-9,9-ジメチル-9H-フルオレン
46. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N-フェニル-N-(4’-メチルフェニル)-9,9-ジエチル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
47. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N,N-ジ(4’-メチルフェニル)-9,9-ジエチル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
48. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N-フェニル-N-(3’-メトキシフェニル)-9,9-ジエチル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
49. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N,N-ジフェニル-4-メチル-9,9-ジエチル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
50. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N,N-ジフェニル-9-イソプロピル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
51. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N,N-ジフェニル-9,9-ジ-n-プロピル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
52. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N-フェニル-N-(4’-メチルフェニル)-9,9-ジ-n-プロピル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
53. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N-フェニル-N-(4’-メトキシフェニル)-9,9-ジ-n-プロピル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
54. 2,7-ジ(N-カルバゾイル)-9,9-ジ-n-プロピル-9H-フルオレン
55. 2,7-ジ(N-フェノキサジイル)-9,9-ジ-n-プロピル-9H-フルオレン
56. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N,N-ジフェニル-9,9-ジ-n-ブチル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
57. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N,N-ジ(4’-メチルフェニル)-9,9-ジ-n-ブチル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
58. 2,7-ジ(N’-カルバゾイル)-9,9-ジ-n-ブチル-9H-フルオレン
59. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N-フェニル-N-(4’-メトキシフェニル)-9,9-ジ-n-ペンチル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
60. 7-(N’-フェノキサジイル)-N-フェニル-N-(3’-メトキシフェニル)-9,9-ジ-n-ペンチル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
61. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N,N-ジ(4”-メトキシフェニル)-9,9-ジ-n-ペンチル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
62. 2,7-ジ(N’-カルバゾイル)-9,9-ジ-n-ペンチル-9H-フルオレン
63. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N,N-ジフェニル-9,9-ジ-n-ヘキシル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
64. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N,N-ジ(4’-メチルフェニル)-9,9-ジ-n-ヘキシル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
65. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N,N-ジフェニル-9-シクロヘキシル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
66. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N,N-ジフェニル-9,9-ジ-n-オクチル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
67. 7-(N’-フェノキサジイル)-N,N-ジ(4’-メチルフェニル)-9,9-ジ-n-オクチル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
68. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N,N-ジフェニル-9-メチル-9-エチル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
69. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N,N-ジフェニル-9-メチル-9-n-プロピル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
70. 7-(N’-フェノチアジイル)-N,N-ジフェニル-9-メチル-9-n-プロピル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
71. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N,N-ジフェニル-9-エチル-9-n-ヘキシル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
72. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N,N-ジフェニル-9-エチル-9-シクロヘキシル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
74. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N,N-ジフェニル-9,9-ジベンジル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
75. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N,N-ジフェニル-9,9-ジ(4’-メチルベンジル)-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
76. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N,N-ジフェニル-9,9-ジ(4’-メトキシベンジル)-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
77. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N-フェニル-N-(4’-メチルフェニル)-9,9-ジベンジル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
78. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N,N-ジ(4’-メチルフェニル)-9,9-ジベンジル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
79. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N-フェニル-N-(4’-メトキシフェニル)-9,9-ジベンジル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
80. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N-フェニル-N-(4’-フェニルフェニル)-9,9-ジベンジル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
81. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N-フェニル-N-(2’-ナフチル)-9,9-ジベンジル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
82. 7-(N’-フェノキサジイル)-N-フェニル-N-(4’-メチルフェニル)-9,9-ジベンジル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
83. 7-(N’-フェノチアジイル)-N,N-ジ(4’-メチルフェニル)-9,9-ジベンジル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
84. 2,7-ジ(N-カルバゾイル)-9,9-ジベンジル-9H-フルオレン
85. 2,7-ジ(N-カルバゾイル)-9,9-ジ(4’-メチルベンジル)-9H-フルオレン
86. 2-(N-カルバゾイル)-7-(N’-フェノチアジイル)-9,9-ジベンジル-9H-フルオレン
87. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N,N-ジフェニル-9-メチル-9-ベンジル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
88. 7-(N’-フェノキサジイル)-N,N-ジフェニル-9-エチル-9-ベンジル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
90. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N-フェニル-N-(4’-メチルフェニル)-9,9-ジフェニル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
91. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N,N-ジ(4’-メチルフェニル)-9,9-ジフェニル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
92. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N-フェニル-N-(3’-メチルフェニル)-9,9-ジ(4’’-メチルフェニル)-9H-フルオレン
-2-アミン
93. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N-フェニル-N-(3’-メチルフェニル)-9,9-ジ(4’’-メトキシフェニル)-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
94. 7-(N’-フェノキサジイル)-N,N-ジ(4’-メチルフェニル)-9,9-ジフェニル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
95. 7-(N’-フェノチアジイル)-N,N-ジフェニル-9,9-ジフェニル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
96. 2,7-ジ(N’-カルバゾイル)-9,9-ジ(4’-メチルフェニル)-9H-フルオレン
97. 2-(N-カルバゾイル)-7-(N’-フェノキサジイル)-9,9-ジフェニル-9H-フルオレン
98. 2-(N-フェノキサジイル)-7-(N’-フェノチアジイル)-9,9-ジフェニル-9H-フルオレン
99. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N-フェニル-N-(4’-メチルフェニル)-9-メチル-9-フェニル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
100. 7-(N’-カルバゾイル)-N,N-ジフェニル-9-エチル-9-フェニル-9H-フルオレン-2-アミン
また米国特許第5,061,569号に記載されている2個の縮合芳香族環を分子内に有する、例えば4,4’-ビス(N-(1-ナフチル)-N-フェニルアミノ)ビフェニル(以下NPDと略記する)、また特開平4-308688号公報に記載されているトリフェニルアミンユニットが3つスターバースト型に連結された4,4’,4”-トリス(N-(3-メチルフェニル)-N-フェニルアミノ)トリフェニルアミン(以下MTDATAと略記する)等を挙げることができる。
電子注入、輸送層は発光層への電子の注入を助ける層であって、電子移動度が大きい。尚、付着改善層は、電子注入層の中で特に陰極との付着がよい材料からなる層である。
本発明では、電子注入層、電子輸送層はそれぞれ複数層であってもよい。本発明の素子構成で用いられている上記式(3)及び式(4)の化合物は、単独で電子注入層、電子輸送層を形成してもよく、他の材料と混合して用いてもよい。
例えば発光材料の項で記載したAlqを電子注入層として用いることができる。
(式中Ar81,Ar82,Ar83,Ar85,Ar86,Ar89はそれぞれ置換又は無置換のアリール基を示し、それぞれ互いに同一であっても異なっていてもよい。またAr84,Ar87,Ar88は置換又は無置換のアリーレン基を示し、それぞれ同一であっても異なっていてもよい)
上記電子伝達性化合物の具体例としては下記のものを挙げることができる。
HAr-L14-Ar24-Ar25 (C)
(式中、HArは、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数3~40の含窒素複素環であり、L14は、単結合、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数6~60のアリーレン基、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数3~60のヘテロアリーレン基又は置換基を有していてもよいフルオレニレン基であり、Ar24は、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数6~60の2価の芳香族炭化水素基であり、Ar25は、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数6~60のアリール基又は置換基を有していてもよい炭素数3~60のヘテロアリール基である。)で表される含窒素複素環誘導体。
式(G)の配位子を形成する環A24及びA25の置換基の具体的な例を挙げると、塩素、臭素、ヨウ素、フッ素のハロゲン原子、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ブチル基、s-ブチル基、t-ブチル基、ペンチル基、ヘキシル基、ヘプチル基、オクチル基、ステアリル基、トリクロロメチル基等の置換もしくは無置換のアルキル基、フェニル基、ナフチル基、3-メチルフェニル基、3-メトキシフェニル基、3-フルオロフェニル基、3-トリクロロメチルフェニル基、3-トリフルオロメチルフェニル基、3-ニトロフェニル基等の置換もしくは無置換のアリール基、メトキシ基、n-ブトキシ基、t-ブトキシ基、トリクロロメトキシ基、トリフルオロエトキシ基、ペンタフルオロプロポキシ基、2,2,3,3-テトラフルオロプロポキシ基、1,1,1,3,3,3-ヘキサフルオロ-2-プロポキシ基、6-(パーフルオロエチル)ヘキシルオキシ基等の置換もしくは無置換のアルコキシ基、フェノキシ基、p-ニトロフェノキシ基、p-t-ブチルフェノキシ基、3-フルオロフェノキシ基、ペンタフルオロフェニル基、3-トリフルオロメチルフェノキシ基等の置換もしくは無置換のアリールオキシ基、メチルチオ基、エチルチオ基、t-ブチルチオ基、ヘキシルチオ基、オクチルチオ基、トリフルオロメチルチオ基等の置換もしくは無置換のアルキルチオ基、フェニルチオ基、p-ニトロフェニルチオ基、p-t-ブチルフェニルチオ基、3-フルオロフェニルチオ基、ペンタフルオロフェニルチオ基、3-トリフルオロメチルフェニルチオ基等の置換もしくは無置換のアリールチオ基、シアノ基、ニトロ基、アミノ基、メチルアミノ基、ジエチルアミノ基、エチルアミノ基、ジエチルアミノ基、ジプロピルアミノ基、ジブチルアミノ基、ジフェニルアミノ基等のモノ又はジ置換アミノ基、ビス(アセトキシメチル)アミノ基、ビス(アセトキシエチル)アミノ基、ビスアセトキシプロピル)アミノ基、ビス(アセトキシブチル)アミノ基等のアシルアミノ基、水酸基、シロキシ基、アシル基、カルバモイル基、メチルカルバモイル基、ジメチルカルバモイル基、エチルカルバモイル基、ジエチルカルバモイル基、プロイピルカルバモイル基、ブチルカルバモイル基、フェニルカルバモイル基等の置換もしくは無置換のカルバモイル基、カルボン酸基、スルフォン酸基、イミド基、シクロペンタン基、シクロヘキシル基等のシクロアルキル基、フェニル基、ナフチル基、ビフェニリル基、アントリル基、フェナントリル基、フルオレニル基、ピレニル基等のアリール基、ピリジニル基、ピラジニル基、ピリミジニル基、ピリダジニル基、トリアジニル基、インドリニル基、キノリニル基、アクリジニル基、ピロリジニル基、ジオキサニル基、ピペリジニル基、モルフォリジニル基、ピペラジニル基、トリアチニル基、カルバゾリル基、フラニル基、チオフェニル基、オキサゾリル基、オキサジアゾリル基、ベンゾオキサゾリル基、チアゾリル基、チアジアゾリル基、ベンゾチアゾリル基、トリアゾリル基、イミダゾリル基、ベンゾイミダゾリル基、プラニル基等の複素環基等がある。また、以上の置換基同士が結合してさらなる6員アリール環もしくは複素環を形成しても良い。
具体的に、好ましいアルカリ金属カルコゲナイドとしては、例えば、Li2O、LiO、Na2S、Na2Se及びNaOが挙げられ、好ましいアルカリ土類金属カルコゲナイドとしては、例えば、CaO、BaO、SrO、BeO、BaS、及びCaSeが挙げられる。また、好ましいアルカリ金属のハロゲン化物としては、例えば、LiF、NaF、KF、LiCl、KCl及びNaCl等が挙げられる。また、好ましいアルカリ土類金属のハロゲン化物としては、例えば、CaF2、BaF2、SrF2、MgF2及びBeF2といったフッ化物や、フッ化物以外のハロゲン化物が挙げられる。
陰極としては仕事関数の小さい(4eV以下)金属、合金、電気伝導性化合物及びこれらの混合物を電極物質とするものが用いられる。このような電極物質の具体例としては、ナトリウム、ナトリウム-カリウム合金、マグネシウム、リチウム、マグネシウム・銀合金、アルミニウム/酸化アルミニウム、アルミニウム・リチウム合金、インジウム、希土類金属等が挙げられる。
この陰極はこれらの電極物質を蒸着やスパッタリング等の方法により薄膜を形成させることにより、作製することができる。
ここで発光層からの発光を陰極から取り出す場合、陰極の発光に対する透過率は10%より大きくすることが好ましい。
また、陰極としてのシート抵抗は数百Ω/□以下が好ましく、膜厚は通常5nm~1μm、好ましくは5~200nmである。
尚、陰極を光半透過半反射性電極とする場合は、上記の材料の膜厚を調整すればよい。
有機ELは超薄膜に電界を印可するために、リークやショートによる画素欠陥が生じやすい。これを防止するために、一対の電極間に絶縁性の薄膜層を挿入することが好ましい。
絶縁層に用いられる材料としては例えば酸化アルミニウム、弗化リチウム、酸化リチウム、弗化セシウム、酸化セシウム、酸化マグネシウム、弗化マグネシウム、酸化カルシウム、弗化カルシウム、弗化セシウム、炭酸セシウム、窒化アルミニウム、酸化チタン、酸化珪素、酸化ゲルマニウム、窒化珪素、窒化ホウ素、酸化モリブデン、酸化ルテニウム、酸化バナジウム等が挙げられる。
これらの混合物や積層物を用いてもよい。
以上例示した材料及び方法により陽極、発光層、必要に応じて正孔注入層、及び必要に応じて電子注入層を形成し、さらに陰極を形成することにより有機EL素子を作製することができる。また陰極から陽極へ、前記と逆の順序で有機EL素子を作製することもできる。
以下、透光性基板上に陽極/正孔注入層/正孔輸送層/発光層/電子輸送層/陰極が順次設けられた構成の有機EL素子の作製例を記載する。
最後に陰極を積層して有機EL素子を得ることができる。
陰極は金属から構成されるもので、蒸着法、スパッタリングを用いることができる。しかし下地の有機物層を製膜時の損傷から守るためには真空蒸着法が好ましい。
これまで記載してきた有機EL素子の作製は一回の真空引きで一貫して陽極から陰極まで作製することが好ましい。
[実施例]
(1)初期性能:素子を10mA/cm2の直流電流により発光させ、その時の印加電圧である電圧(V)、発光効率(L/J)を測定した。
(2)寿命:初期輝度5000cd/m2で定電流駆動し、輝度の半減期(LT50)で評価した。
25mm×75mm×1.1mm厚のITO透明電極(陽極)付きガラス基板(ジオマティック社製)をイソプロピルアルコール中で超音波洗浄を5分間行なった後、UVオゾン洗浄を30分間行なった。洗浄後の透明電極ライン付きガラス基板を真空蒸着装置の基板ホルダーに装着し、まず透明電極ラインが形成されている側の面上に前記透明電極を覆うようにして、正孔注入層として膜厚10nmの化合物HI1を製膜レート1Å/sにて成膜した。この化合物H1膜上に、正孔輸送層として、膜厚35nmの化合物HT1を1Å/sにて成膜した。
さらに、この化合物H1膜上に膜厚20nmで化合物L1と化合物L2を18:2の膜厚比で成膜し青色系発光層とした。製膜レートはそれぞれ1Å/s、0.11Å/sとした。
この膜上に電子輸送層として膜厚30nmで化合物ET1を製膜レート0.1Å/s成膜した。この後、LiFを膜厚0.5nm、製膜レート0.1Å/sで成膜した。このLiF膜上に金属Alを製膜レート1Å/sにて100nm蒸着させ金属陰極を形成し有機EL発光素子を形成した。
正孔輸送層として、化合物HT2を膜厚35nm積層した以外は、実施例1と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した。
電子輸送層として、化合物ET2を膜厚30nm積層した以外は、実施例1と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した。
正孔注入層として、化合物HI2を膜厚5nm積層し、正孔輸送層として、化合物HT2を膜厚40nm積層した以外は、実施例1と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した。
正孔注入層として、MoO3を膜厚3nm積層し、正孔輸送層として、化合物HT2を膜厚42nm積層した以外は、実施例1と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した。
正孔注入層として、C60を膜厚3nm積層し、正孔輸送層として、化合物HT2を膜厚42nm積層した以外は、実施例1と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した。
正孔注入層としてPEDOT:PSSを膜厚30nm積層し、正孔輸送層として、化合物HT2を膜厚15nm積層した以外は、実施例1と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した。
正孔注入層としてCFxを膜厚3nm積層し、正孔輸送層として、化合物HT2を膜厚42nm積層した以外は、実施例1と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した。
正孔輸送層として、4,4’-ビス[N-(1-ナフチル)-N-フェニルアミノ]ビフェニル膜(以下「NPD膜」と略記する)を膜厚35nm積層した以外は、実施例1と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した。
電子輸送層として、Alq(8-ヒドロキシキノリンのアルミニウム錯体)を膜厚30nm積層した以外は、実施例1と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した。
正孔注入層として、N,N’-ビス(N,N’-ジフェニル-4-アミノフェニル)-N,N-ジフェニル-4,4’-ジアミノ-1,1’-ビフェニル膜(以下「TPD232膜」と略記する)を膜厚10nm積層した以外は、実施例1と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した。
25mm×75mm×1.1mm厚のITO透明電極(陽極)付きガラス基板(ジオマティック社製)をイソプロピルアルコール中で超音波洗浄を5分間行なった後、UVオゾン洗浄を30分間行なった。洗浄後の透明電極ライン付きガラス基板を真空蒸着装置の基板ホルダーに装着し、まず透明電極ラインが形成されている側の面上に前記透明電極を覆うようにして、正孔注入層として化合物HI3を膜厚10nmの製膜レート0.1Å/sにて成膜した。この化合物HI3膜上に、正孔輸送層として、膜厚25nmの化合物HT1を1Å/sにて成膜した。
得られた有機EL発光素子について、上記の方法で初期性能及び寿命を評価した。
また、得られた有機EL発光素子に電圧を印加したところ、発光色は白色であった。
正孔輸送層として、化合物HT2を膜厚25nm積層し、さらに電荷障壁層として、化合物HT2を膜厚5nm積層した以外は、実施例9と同様にして有機EL素子を作製し、評価した。
また、得られた有機EL発光素子に電圧を印加したところ、発光色は白色であった。
電子輸送層として、化合物ET2を膜厚20nm積層した以外は、実施例10と同様にして有機EL素子を作製し、評価した。
また、得られた有機EL発光素子に電圧を印加したところ、発光色は白色であった。
正孔輸送層として、4,4’-ビス[N-(1-ナフチル)-N-フェニルアミノ]ビフェニル膜(以下「NPD膜」と略記する)を膜厚25nm積層とし、さらに電荷障壁層としてNPD膜を膜厚5nm積層した以外は、実施例10と同様にして有機EL素子を作製し、評価した。
正孔輸送層として、4,4’-ビス[N-(1-ナフチル)-N-フェニルアミノ]ビフェニル膜(以下「NPD膜」と略記する)を膜厚25nm積層し、電子輸送層として、Alq(8-ヒドロキシキノリンのアルミニウム錯体)を膜厚20nm積層した以外は、実施例10と同様にして有機EL素子を作製し、評価した。
本発明の白色系有機EL素子は、高輝度、高効率、長寿命であるため、フルカラーディスプレイ、情報表示機器、車載表示機器、照明器具として極めて実用的かつ有用である。
この明細書に記載の文献内容をここに援用する。
Claims (14)
- 陽極と陰極と、
前記陽極と前記陰極の間に、少なくとも有機化合物からなる発光層と、
前記陽極と前記発光層の間である正孔注入・輸送帯域に2以上の層と、
前記発光層と前記陰極の間である電子注入・輸送帯域に1以上の層を有し、
前記正孔注入・輸送帯域にある層の発光層に接する層が、カルバゾール骨格を有する芳香族アミン誘導体を含有し、
前記正孔注入・輸送帯域にある層の発光層に接する層以外のいずれか1層が、チオフェン誘導体、3環以上の縮合芳香族誘導体、アミン誘導(但し下記式(A)で表される化合物を除く)、導電性高分子、CFx、CuPc、遷移金属酸化物、フラーレン及びアクセプタ性材料からなる群から選択される1以上の材料を含有し、
前記電子注入・輸送帯域にある層がベンゾイミダゾール誘導体を含有する、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記カルバゾール骨格を有する芳香族アミン誘導体が下記式(1)で表される化合物である請求項1に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
(式中、Ar1及びAr2は、各々独立して、置換基を有していてもよい、芳香族炭化水素環基又は芳香族複素環基を示し、
R1~R10は、各々独立して、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、アルキル基、アラルキル基、アルケニル基、シアノ基、アミノ基、アシル基、アルコキシカルボニル基、カルボキシル基、アルコキシ基、アリールオキシ基、アルキルスルホニル基、水酸基、アミド基、芳香族炭化水素環基又は芳香族複素環基を表し、これらはいずれも、さらに置換されていてもよい。また、R1~R10は隣り合うもの同士で環を形成していてもよい。) - 前記カルバゾール骨格を有する芳香族アミン誘導体が下記式(2)で表される化合物である請求項1に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
(式中、Ar1及びAr2は、各々独立して、置換基を有していてもよい、芳香族炭化水素環基又は芳香族複素環基を示し、
R1~R12は、各々独立して、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、アルキル基、アラルキル基、アルケニル基、シアノ基、アミノ基、アシル基、アルコキシカルボニル基、カルボキシル基、アルコキシ基、アリールオキシ基、アルキルスルホニル基、水酸基、アミド基、芳香族炭化水素環基又は芳香族複素環基を表し、これらはいずれも、さらに置換されていてもよい。また、R1~R12は隣り合うもの同士で環を形成していてもよい。) - 前記カルバゾール骨格を有する芳香族アミン誘導体のカルバゾール骨格がモノカルバゾリル基である請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記ベンゾイミダゾール誘導体が、下記式(3)又は(4)で表される化合物である請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
(式中、A1~A3は、それぞれ独立に、窒素原子又は炭素原子である。
Ar3は、置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数6~60のアリール基、又は置換もしくは無置換の核原子数3~60のヘテロアリール基であり、Ar4は、水素原子、置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数6~60のアリール基、置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数3~60のヘテロアリール基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のアルキル基、又は置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基である。ただし、Ar3及びAr4のいずれか一方は、置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数10~60の縮合環基、又は置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数3~60のモノヘテロ縮合環基である。
Ar5は、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数6~60のアリーレン基、又は置換もしくは無置換の炭素数3~60のヘテロアリーレン基である。
L1、L2及びL3は、それぞれ独立に、単結合、置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数6~60のアリーレン基、置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数3~60のヘテロアリーレン基、又は置換もしくは無置換のフルオレニレン基である。
R13は、水素原子、置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数6~60のアリール基、置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数3~60のヘテロアリール基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のアルキル基、又は置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基であり、nは0~5の整数であり、nが2以上の場合、複数のR13は同一でも異なっていてもよく、また、隣接する複数のR13基同士で結合して、炭素環式脂肪族環又は炭素環式芳香族環を形成していてもよい。
R14は、水素原子、置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数6~60のアリール基、置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数3~60のヘテロアリール基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のアルキル基、又は置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基、又は-L1-Ar5-Ar4である。) - 前記チオフェン誘導体が下記式(x)で表される化合物である請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
(式中、Ar11~Ar13のうち少なくとも1つは下記式(y)で表される置換基であり、前記式(y)で表される置換基ではないAr11~Ar13は、置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数6~50のアリール基又は下記式(z)で表される置換基である。
Ar11~Ar13は、それぞれ同じでも異なってもよい)
(式中、Ar14は、核炭素数6~50のアリール基である。
L11は、置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数6~50のアリーレン基、又は置換もしくは無置換の核原子数6~50のヘテロアリーレン基である。)
(式中、L12は、置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数6~50のアリーレン基である。
Ar14及びAr15は、それぞれ置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数6~50のアリール基、前記式(y)で表される置換基、又は前記式(z)で表される置換基である。) - 青色発光する請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を含んでなる表示装置。
- 陽極と陰極と、
前記陽極と前記陰極の間に、少なくとも有機化合物からなる発光層と、
前記陽極と前記発光層の間である正孔注入・輸送帯域に1以上の層と、
前記発光層と前記陰極の間である電子注入・輸送帯域に1以上の層を有し、
前記正孔注入・輸送帯域にある層の発光層に接する層が、カルバゾール骨格を有する芳香族アミン誘導体を含有し、
前記電子注入・輸送帯域にある層がベンゾイミダゾール誘導体を含有する、白色系有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。 - 前記カルバゾール骨格を有する芳香族アミン誘導体が下記式(1)で表される化合物である請求項9に記載の白色系有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
(式中、Ar1及びAr2は、各々独立して、置換基を有していてもよい、芳香族炭化水素環基又は芳香族複素環基を示し、
R1~R10は、各々独立して、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、アルキル基、アラルキル基、アルケニル基、シアノ基、アミノ基、アシル基、アルコキシカルボニル基、カルボキシル基、アルコキシ基、アリールオキシ基、アルキルスルホニル基、水酸基、アミド基、芳香族炭化水素環基又は芳香族複素環基を表し、これらはいずれも、さらに置換されていてもよい。また、R1~R10は隣り合うもの同士で環を形成していてもよい。) - 前記カルバゾール骨格を有する芳香族アミン誘導体が下記式(2)で表される化合物である請求項9に記載の白色系有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
(式中、Ar1及びAr2は、各々独立して、置換基を有していてもよい、芳香族炭化水素環基又は芳香族複素環基を示し、
R1~R12は、各々独立して、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、アルキル基、アラルキル基、アルケニル基、シアノ基、アミノ基、アシル基、アルコキシカルボニル基、カルボキシル基、アルコキシ基、アリールオキシ基、アルキルスルホニル基、水酸基、アミド基、芳香族炭化水素環基又は芳香族複素環基を表し、これらはいずれも、さらに置換されていてもよい。また、R1~R12は隣り合うもの同士で環を形成していてもよい。) - 前記カルバゾール骨格を有する芳香族アミン誘導体のカルバゾール骨格がモノカルバゾリル基である請求項9~11のいずれかに記載の白色系有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記ベンゾイミダゾール誘導体が、下記式(3)又は(4)で表される化合物である請求項9~12のいずれかに記載の白色系有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
(式中、A1~A3は、それぞれ独立に、窒素原子又は炭素原子である。
Ar3は、置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数6~60のアリール基、又は置換もしくは無置換の核原子数3~60のヘテロアリール基であり、Ar4は、水素原子、置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数6~60のアリール基、置換もしくは無置換の核原子数3~60のヘテロアリール基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のアルキル基、又は置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基である。ただし、Ar3及びAr4のいずれか一方は、置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数10~60の縮合環基、又は置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数3~60のモノヘテロ縮合環基である。
Ar5は、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数6~60のアリーレン基、又は置換もしくは無置換の炭素数3~60のヘテロアリーレン基である。
L1、L2及びL3は、それぞれ独立に、単結合、置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数6~60のアリーレン基、置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数3~60のヘテロアリーレン基、又は置換もしくは無置換のフルオレニレン基である。
R13は、水素原子、置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数6~60のアリール基、置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数3~60のヘテロアリール基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のアルキル基、又は置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基であり、nは0~5の整数であり、nが2以上の場合、複数のR13は同一でも異なっていてもよく、また、隣接する複数のR13基同士で結合して、炭素環式脂肪族環又は炭素環式芳香族環を形成していてもよい。
R14は、水素原子、置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数6~60のアリール基、置換もしくは無置換の核炭素数3~60のヘテロアリール基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のアルキル基、又は置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基、又は-L1-Ar5-Ar4である。) - 請求項9~13のいずれかに記載の白色系有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を含んでなる表示装置。
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US20100301312A1 (en) | 2010-12-02 |
EP2224510A1 (en) | 2010-09-01 |
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KR101428840B1 (ko) | 2014-08-08 |
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