WO2006075085A2 - Optimisation d’une reaction chimique dans un reacteur ouvert du type a plaques - Google Patents
Optimisation d’une reaction chimique dans un reacteur ouvert du type a plaques Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006075085A2 WO2006075085A2 PCT/FR2006/000049 FR2006000049W WO2006075085A2 WO 2006075085 A2 WO2006075085 A2 WO 2006075085A2 FR 2006000049 W FR2006000049 W FR 2006000049W WO 2006075085 A2 WO2006075085 A2 WO 2006075085A2
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- reaction
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 264
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 139
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 claims description 83
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 12
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 20
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- AMIMRNSIRUDHCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropylaldehyde Chemical compound CC(C)C=O AMIMRNSIRUDHCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000013178 mathematical model Methods 0.000 description 5
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid Substances CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004581 coalescence Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001050985 Disco Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004280 Sodium formate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LSVVNVHHHMEPJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)SS([O-])(=O)=O Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)SS([O-])(=O)=O LSVVNVHHHMEPJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005206 flow analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013529 heat transfer fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007620 mathematical function Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium formate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C=O HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000019254 sodium formate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/0006—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J19/0033—Optimalisation processes, i.e. processes with adaptive control systems
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
- B01J19/248—Reactors comprising multiple separated flow channels
- B01J19/249—Plate-type reactors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
- B01J2219/2401—Reactors comprising multiple separate flow channels
- B01J2219/245—Plate-type reactors
- B01J2219/2451—Geometry of the reactor
- B01J2219/2453—Plates arranged in parallel
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
- B01J2219/2401—Reactors comprising multiple separate flow channels
- B01J2219/245—Plate-type reactors
- B01J2219/2461—Heat exchange aspects
- B01J2219/2462—Heat exchange aspects the reactants being in indirect heat exchange with a non reacting heat exchange medium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
- B01J2219/2401—Reactors comprising multiple separate flow channels
- B01J2219/245—Plate-type reactors
- B01J2219/2474—Mixing means, e.g. fins or baffles attached to the plates
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16C—COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY; CHEMOINFORMATICS; COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE
- G16C20/00—Chemoinformatics, i.e. ICT specially adapted for the handling of physicochemical or structural data of chemical particles, elements, compounds or mixtures
- G16C20/10—Analysis or design of chemical reactions, syntheses or processes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for optimizing a chemical reaction in an open reactor of the plate type consisting of a stack of plates delimiting between them at least one block comprising a reaction chamber and two lateral chambers of circulation of a utility fluid for heat exchange.
- a major disadvantage of these reactors is the difficulty of evacuating the heat produced by a reaction, which limits the possibilities of control and optimization of the reaction.
- the present invention is intended in particular to provide a simple and effective solution to the control and optimization of chemical reactions through the optimization of an open-type reactor that does not have the aforementioned drawbacks of batch reactors or reactors. type
- an open reactor consisting of a stack of plates delimiting between them at least one block comprising a reaction chamber formed between two lateral heat exchange chambers with heat exchange fluid exchange utility, feed means of the reaction chamber by a continuous flow of one or more reagents and means supplying the two lateral chambers with a continuous flow of utility fluid;
- this dynamic model comprising balance equations matter and energy and constraints
- a continuous or open reactor comprising a superposition of plates defining at least one reaction chamber between two fluid circulation chambers, solves the problems of heat dissipation found in discontinuous or closed reactors of the type " batch ", by appropriate selection of the temperatures and flows of the utility fluid or fluids, which circulate on both sides of the reaction chamber, and also by the selection of the direction of passage of these fluids (co-current, at countercurrent or cross flow) relative to the direction of passage of the reaction fluid in the reaction chamber.
- the dynamic reactor model includes material and energy balance equations and stress equations, which are characteristic of the reactor and the chemical reaction.
- the modeling of the reaction chamber comprises a decomposition of this chamber into successive elementary cells each containing a perfectly stirred fluid medium.
- the fluid circulation chambers are even modeled by decomposition into elementary cells whose number is equal to the number of elementary cells of the reaction chamber.
- the modeling of the heat exchanges also takes into account the direction of passage of the fluid in each elementary cell of the reaction chamber relative to the direction of passage (co-current, countercurrent or cross-flow) or utility fluids in the corresponding elementary cells of the lateral chambers located on either side of this elementary cell of the reaction chamber. It also includes heat balance equations relating to the reaction fluid, the plates delimiting the lateral heat exchange chambers, and utilizing fluids circulating in the lateral chambers, and material balance equations of the reaction medium and of the utility fluids in the reaction chambers. elementary cells of the different chambers. Each reaction chamber is connected to inlet zones and outlet zones which are associated with an elementary cell of the reaction chamber and which are for example connecting elements between the reagent feed means and a pressure point. supplying a reaction chamber, and connecting elements between an outlet point of a reaction chamber and means for collecting the reaction product. In the case where two reaction chambers are interconnected in series, the output element of the first chamber coincides with the input element of the second chamber.
- the dynamic model of the reactor advantageously comprises a model of the inlet and outlet zones of the reactor, the inlet and outlet zones of each reaction chamber and the transition zones between the different blocks of the reactor.
- the dynamic model also offers the possibility of a feed point per elementary cell of the reaction chamber.
- the integration software tool applied to the system of equations of the dynamic model of the reactor, makes it possible to solve these equations and to simulate the behavior of the reactor called "state of the reactor" for the chemical reaction studied.
- the determination and the optimization of the dimensional parameters of the reactor are obtained, for given objectives and constraints, by adjustment of variable characteristics of the reactor comprising the number of feed points in the reaction chamber, the directions of passage of the operating fluids. relative to the reaction medium, the nature and distribution of the utility fluids, the total volume of the reaction chamber and / or the volumes of the side chambers with utility fluid circulation, and the determination and optimization of the functional parameters of the reactor are obtained, for given objectives and constraints, by adjustment of variable reaction data or operating parameters comprising the temperatures, pressures, compositions and / or flow rates of the reaction medium and the utility fluid (s).
- the method consists, for example, in adjusting the feed rates of one or more reagents in different elementary cells in order to obtain a better yield of the reaction, and in defining limit values of the operating parameters which satisfy safety constraints and / or environmental.
- the dynamic model of the reactor comprises a dynamic model of the reaction chamber formed from equations of material balance, enthalpy balance, pressure balance and volume constraints. . These equations make it possible to define the state and evolutions of the fluid medium in each elementary cell.
- the characteristic quantities temperature, pressure, flow, composition, etc.
- the physical properties density, viscosity, etc.
- the physicochemical phenomena reaction, transfer of matter, etc.
- reaction medium in two-phase medium (liquid-liquid or liquid-gas), where the reaction medium is a mixture of a continuous phase and a dispersed phase, and in the case where the reaction medium is a mixture of two miscible liquids, the state and the evolution of the reaction medium are defined in each elementary cell from equations for estimating the density, the specific heat, the thermal conductivity and the viscosity of the medium. reaction, and material balance equations, enthalpy balance, pressure balance and volume constraints.
- the characteristic quantities temperature, pressure, flow, composition, etc.
- the physical properties density, viscosity, etc.
- the physicochemical phenomena chemical reactions (reaction, transfer of material, etc.) are homogeneous in each cell, the temperatures and the pressures of the phases are identical, the reaction medium is assimilated to a pseudo-homogeneous medium and the physical properties of the two phases are determined by laws of association to connect the physical properties of the medium to the properties of each of the phases and their proportions, the distribution of the phases being assumed homogeneous in each elementary cell.
- the Sauter diameter makes it possible to determine the size of the droplets of the dispersed phase.
- the evolution of the size of the droplets of the dispersed phase can further be followed in the different elementary cells of the reaction chamber.
- Other models can complement and specify the dynamic model of the reactor, such as:
- the process may also include an estimation of the physical properties of the reactor components and the reaction and utility fluids.
- the method according to the invention has the advantage of predicting the behavior of a plate reactor for given operating conditions, and also makes it possible to define the optimal sizing or configuration and the optimal operation or operating conditions of the reactor for a reaction. or a given set of reactions. This process also makes it possible to describe the evolutions of this behavior over time, the representation of this evolution offering many possibilities in terms of optimal control of the reactor, safety studies and management of unproductive transitional periods.
- FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic exploded perspective view of an open type plate reactor used in the process according to the invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the reaction chamber of the reactor of FIG. 1, broken down into elementary cells;
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an elementary cell of the reaction chamber of FIG. 2;
- FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an elementary reaction cell associated with two elementary cells for utilitarian fluid circulation
- FIGS. 5a, 5b and 5c are diagrams illustrating the main steps of the optimization method according to the invention.
- FIGS. 6 and 7 are graphs showing the influence of the concentration and the flow rate of the reagents, and the flow rate of utilitarian fluid on the temperature and the yield of the oxidation reaction of sodium thiosulfate;
- FIGS. 8 to 10 are graphs showing the influence of the number and the arrangement of the feed points of the reactants on the temperature of the hydrolysis reaction of acetic anhydride
- FIGS. 11 and 12 are graphs showing the influence of the feed rate of the reactants at several feed points on the temperature and the yield of the neopentyl glycol production reaction.
- Figure 1 shows schematically an open or continuous reactor comprising a stack of plates 20, 21, 22, 23 which delimit between them parallel chambers.
- transition plates delimit between them a reaction chamber 24 comprising a point 25a for supplying a reagent and one or more points 25b for supplying another reagent or reagents, and a point 26 for leaving the reaction product or products.
- the plates 20 and 23 are adiabatic plates and delimit, with the plates 21, 22, a left lateral chamber 27 and a right lateral chamber 28 for the circulation of heat transfer fluid, each lateral chamber 27, 28 comprising an inlet 29 and a utility fluid outlet 30.
- the utility fluid flowing in the left side chamber 27 may be the same or different from that flowing in the right side chamber 28, the utility fluid commonly used being water or ethylene glycol.
- the stack of plates 20, 21, 22, 23 forms a reaction block that the plates 20 and 23 can thermally isolate from the external environment or from one or more other reaction blocks connected in series with this one. this.
- the chambers 24, 27, 28 are generally equipped with means determining the pathways for the passage of fluids within these chambers.
- the reaction chamber 24 comprises, for example, baffle inserts which impose on the reaction medium a zigzag circulation inside the reaction chamber 24, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- the chambers 24, 27, 28 are fed continuously by appropriate means not shown. Under optimum operating conditions, the overall heat transfer coefficient of a plate reactor can vary between 2000 and 5000 Wm -2 K -1 .
- the control of the temperature in the reaction chamber 24 is carried out for example by a appropriate selection of the temperature and / or flow rate of the utility fluid or fluids circulating on either side of the reaction chamber 24, the composition, the temperature and / or the flow rate of the reaction medium in the reaction chamber , and / or by the meaning utilizing fluid passage in each side chamber relative to that of the reaction medium in the reaction chamber.
- a commercial fluid flows cocurrently if it flows in the two lateral chambers 27, 28 in the same direction as the reaction medium in the reaction chamber 24, against the current if it flows in the opposite direction, and cross flow if it flows in a side chamber in the same direction as the reaction medium and in the opposite direction in the other side chamber, as shown in Figure 1.
- the reaction medium and the utility fluids intersect in because of the zigzag horizontal circulation of the reaction medium and the vertical circulation of utility fluid, but any other circulation configuration can be adopted such as a parallel configuration.
- An essential characteristic of the process according to the invention consists in establishing a dynamic model of this reactor for a given reaction.
- the modeling includes a decomposition of the reaction chamber into perfectly stirred elementary cells by means of experimental residence time distribution studies allowing flow analysis with the detection of dead volumes and preferential passages, and characterization of the mixture in the reaction chamber 24.
- this number depends in particular on the feed rate of the reaction chamber 24 and the viscosity of the reaction medium.
- the number of elementary cells in the case of a plate reactor comprising three reaction blocks is for example 70 for a reaction medium consisting solely of water supplied at a flow rate of 25 Lh -1 , 100 for water fed at 50 Lh -1 , 130 for water fed at 80 Lh -1 and 25 for a reaction medium composed of ethylene glycol fed at a flow rate of 50 Lh -1 .
- the elementary cells of the reaction chamber are 12 in number. These 12 cells are numbered from 1 to 12 according to the horizontal zig-zag circulation of the reaction medium in the reaction chamber 24. from the supply point (s) 25a, 25b to the exit point 26 of this chamber 24. This circulation is imposed by the abovementioned inserts present in the reaction chamber 24.
- the 12 cells form 4 rows of 3 cells.
- a reagent is introduced into the reaction chamber 24 from the feed point 25a in the cell 1.
- the reaction medium passes horizontally from the cell 1 to the cell 2, then to the 3, it leaves the cell 3 and enters the cell 4 located vertically beneath it, then passes horizontally in the cells 5 and 6.
- the reaction medium leaves the cell 6 and enters the cell 7 located vertically beneath it, then passes horizontally in the cells 8 and 9.
- the reaction medium exits the cell 9 and enters the cell 10 located vertically beneath it, then passes horizontally in the cells 11 and 12 to exit the reaction chamber 24 by the point 26.
- Other feed points 25b of one or more other reagents may further be provided on the first cell or other elementary cells than the first.
- reaction medium can flow in the reaction chamber 24 in parallel with the utility fluid flowing in the side chambers 27, 28.
- the side chambers 27 and 28 are decomposed into elementary cells for utilitarian fluid circulation, so that each elementary reaction cell is located between two elementary cells of utility fluid circulation.
- the left lateral chambers 27 and 28 respectively comprise series A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L and A ', B', C, D '. , E ', F', G ', H', I ', J', K ', L' of elementary cells for utilitarian fluid circulation.
- the alphabetical order of the letters of the cells takes into account the increasing order of the numbers of the elementary cells of reaction, and not of the circulation of utilitarian fluid which is up and down in the left chamber 27 and from bottom to top in the right chamber 28.
- the decomposition of the reaction chamber 24 into elementary cells makes it possible to determine, for the reaction medium circulating in each elementary reaction cell, the thermal influence of the commercial fluid circulating in the two corresponding lateral elementary cells, through the two transition plates 21, 22 delimiting the reaction chamber 24.
- Heat is for example exchanged between the elementary cell E of the utility fluid circulation and the elementary reaction cell 5 through the plate 21 and between the elementary cell E utilitarian fluid circulation and the elementary reaction cell 5 through the plate 22.
- the thermal characteristics of the cell 5 are determined by those of the cell located just before it in the direction of circulation of the reaction medium, that is to say the cell 4. From the in the same way, the thermal characteristics of the cells E and E 'are determined respectively by those of the cells B and H', located before E and E 'in the direction of circulation of the utilitarian fluid.
- the number of equations of the mathematical model is also a function of the number of utility zones in the utility fluid circulation chambers.
- Utility area means a utility fluid circulation chamber portion that includes its own utility fluid supply and outlet points.
- a utility fluid circulation chamber that includes three utility zones thus has three feed points and three utility fluid exit points.
- n [i n thisUlblock + 3 ) X n block + 1 I * ( 16 + “corn) + 3 X " * "» / "** X n ⁇ bblock '
- n [(" this muock + 3 ) xn b iock + l] x (21 + 2 xn com ) + 3 xn zonelblock xn bhck ;
- n con s is the number of constituents of the chemical reaction
- nbiock the number of reaction blocks
- n zon e / biock the number of utility zones per reaction block
- n ce ⁇ / biock the number of elementary cells by reaction block.
- the characteristic equations are for example: for each elementary cell of the reaction chamber: a global material balance, partial material balance, an enthalpy balance, a pressure balance, a volume model, a molar enthalpy model, a volume constraint, a molar volume model, a heat balance of the thermal environment, thermal balances of transition plates, thermal balances of fluids utilities, thermal balances of adiabatic plates and material balances of utilitarian fluids;
- the dynamic model of the reactor according to the invention is established on the basis of a dynamic model of the reaction chamber and of a dynamic model of heat exchanges, each dynamic model comprising equations related to an elementary reaction cell 5, schematically represented in Figure 3 by a rectangle.
- the arrows 32 and 33 respectively represent the direction of circulation of the reaction medium in the elementary cell 5 of the reaction chamber 24, and the utility fluid in the lateral lateral cells E and E 'of the lateral chambers 27, 28, the direction of passage. fluid utilitarian in the two chambers 27, 28 being in this example co-current with respect to the circulation of the reaction medium in the reaction chamber 24, contrary to Figure 1.
- the indices p and u respectively define the reaction medium and the utility fluid.
- F p represents the molar flow rate of the reaction medium in an elementary cell in mol.s -1 , T p and T u respectively the temperature of the reaction medium and of the utility fluid in their elementary cell at 0 K, H p the molar enthalpy of the reaction medium in an elementary cell in J.
- the dynamic model of the reaction chamber comprises for example the following equations:
- the exponent cell denotes the physical cell, the exponent ⁇ the order of reaction, the index j the number of the reaction, the index i the constituent considered, t the time in s, T the temperature in 0 K, P the pressure, and ⁇ P the pressure drop in Pa which is defined by the following equation:
- the dynamic model of the utility fluid comprises for example the following equations:
- ncr denotes the number of cells per row of cells in the utility fluid circulation chamber (in Fig. 1, ncr is equal to three for chambers 27 and 28), and denotes the last cell in the utility fluid circulation chamber ( in Fig. 1, in the chamber 27, denotes L, nc-1 denotes K and nc-2 denotes J, and in the chamber 28, denotes A ', nc-1 denotes B' and nc-2 denotes C).
- the dynamic model also comprises a model of behavior of the reagent (s) in the connecting element 34 (FIG. 2) between the reagent supplying means and the feed point 25a on the cell 1, and a model of behavior of the reagent reaction medium in the connecting element 35 between the outlet point 26 on the cell 12 and the reaction product collection means or a feed or inlet point on a cell of a second reaction chamber (not shown) (second reaction block).
- the connecting elements 34, 35 in the dynamic modeling of the plate reactor is important because the cumulative volume of these elements is not negligible compared to the volume of the reaction chamber 24, and may have an influence on the yield of the chemical reaction.
- the heat exchange is limited with the utilitarian fluids.
- the model of the heat exchanges of the reaction medium in the elementary reaction cells comprises characteristic equations related to an elementary reaction cell 5 schematically represented in FIG. 4 by a rectangle which is delimited by the two plates 21 and 22, and two E cells.
- E 'lateral utilitarian circulation circumscribed respectively by the plates 20, 21 and 22, 23 in Figure 1.
- the arrows 32 and 33 respectively represent the direction of circulation of the reaction medium in the elementary cell 5 of the reaction chamber 24 and of utilitarian fluid in the elementary lateral cells E 1 E 'of the lateral chambers 27, 28, the direction of passage of utilitarian fluid in the two chambers 27, 28 being co-current with respect to the circulation of the reaction medium in the chamber of reaction 24, unlike FIG.
- the utilitarian fluid temperature in a lateral elementary cell depends on that of the previous lateral elementary cell in the direction of utilitarian fluid flow and also the presence of utility areas in the reaction block. It is thus possible to represent all the thermal configurations that can be envisaged for the different directions of passage of utilitarian fluid with respect to the reaction medium.
- the utilitarian fluids in the left chamber 27 and in the right chamber 28, respectively, are defined by the indices u L and u R , the other designations and representations being the same as previously described.
- the heat exchange model of the reaction medium includes for example the following equations:
- F p and F u respectively represent the volume flow rate of the reaction medium in mol. s "1 and utilitarian fluid in m 3 .s “ 1 , e the thickness of the plates 21, 22 delimiting the reaction chamber 24 in m, ⁇ the thermal conductivity in J. s "1 " m “1 . K “1 , h the heat transfer coefficient in J. s ' 1 .m “ 2 . K “1 , T the temperature in K, Cp the specific heat of the medium in J. kg -1 . K “1 , p the density of the medium in kg m '3 , ⁇ q the heat generated by the reactions in J. m ' 3 ' s 1 , ⁇ Hr molar reaction heat in J. mol " 1 , A heat exchange area in m 2 , and pu L and PUR respectively indicate the plate 21 between the reaction chamber 24 and the left chamber 27 and the plate 22 between the reaction chamber 24 and the right chamber 28.
- the aforementioned model of heat exchange is completed to include the thermal inertia of the plate reactor.
- the thermal inertia model makes it possible to take into account the structure and the composition of the various elements of the plate reactor. It comprises, for example, the following equations, which differ from the preceding equations in that they take into account the thermal environment of the different fluids: energy balance equation of the environment of the reaction medium in an elementary reaction cell (FIG. s "1 ):
- thermodynamic equation of the utilitarian fluid environment in the lateral cell of the left chamber 27 in J. s- 1 , the same equation is used for the lateral cell of the right chamber 28:
- the heat balance equation of the environment of the reaction medium in the elementary reaction cell which depends on the temperature of the thermal environment of the reaction medium, made it possible to take into account the thermal inertia due to the structure of the reaction medium. bedroom reaction 24 and inserts (eg polyetheretherketone) present in this chamber. For a given elementary cell, the heat transfer area and the mass of this thermal environment are calculated from the geometric characteristics of the inserts and the structure of the reaction chamber 24.
- thermal equilibrium equations of the environment of the utilitarian fluids in the elementary cells of the left lateral chambers 27 and right 28, which depend on the temperature of the thermal environment of the utilitarian fluids, made it possible to take into account the thermal inertia due to adiabatic plates 20 and 23 (eg stainless steel) in the dynamic model.
- the characteristics of the thermal environment are calculated from the geometric characteristics of these adiabatic plates.
- the dynamic model of the reactor comprises all the above-mentioned characteristic and balance equations (energy, thermal, mass, etc.) established for each phase, the continuous phase being liquid and the dispersed phase being liquid. or gas.
- the dynamic models of the reaction medium in the reaction chamber 24, utilitarian fluids in the lateral chambers 27, 28, of the behavior of the reaction medium in the input and output elements 35 of the reaction chamber or chambers 24, charge losses, thermal exchanges of the reaction medium in the elementary cells 1 to 12 and the thermal inertia of the reactor are adapted for the establishment of the dynamic model of a plate-type open reactor for a reaction in two-phase medium given.
- n represents the molar number of the mol phase
- M the molar mass of the phase in kg. mol "1 ,
- m the total mass of the diphasic medium in kg, i the index of the continuous or dispersed phase, ⁇ the thermal conductivity of the medium in J. m- 1 . s ' 1 . K '1 and ⁇ the viscosity of the medium in Pa s.
- the accuracy of the dynamic model of the reactor for a reaction in a two-phase medium is based on the stability of the reaction medium and therefore the equilibrium between the two phases.
- the equilibrium rules used in the mathematical model depend on the size of the droplets of the dispersed phase in the continuous phase.
- the size of the droplets and their distribution are determined by means of a software tool for evaluating the population of the droplets.
- the software tool for evaluating the population makes it possible to predict the evolution over time of an initial droplet size distribution and therefore of the Sauter diameter in the different elementary reaction cells of the chamber 24 of the reactor. with plates. This evolution depends on the rates of appearance and disappearance of the droplets, which are directly related to the phenomena of coalescence and rupture. The phenomena of coalescence and rupture are introduced into the program from correlations using the physical and transport properties of the two-phase medium.
- Material transfer modeling is based on the assumption that the dispersed phase is in the form of spherical droplets with a mean diameter of Sauter diameter.
- the transfer of matter between the two phases is modeled from Whitman's double film theory.
- the mass transfer characteristics are calculated for each elementary reaction cell.
- all mass transfer characteristics mass transfer coefficient, interfacial area, solubility
- Sauter diameter the physical properties of a two-phase liquid-liquid medium and the Sauter diameter. Consequently, for a given liquid-liquid diphasic medium, an accurate representation of the behavior of the plate reactor requires only a proper estimate of the Sauter diameter for each elementary cell of the reaction chamber.
- FIG. 5a is a diagram illustrating the essential steps of the optimization method according to the invention, in which the dynamic model 36 of the plate reactor comprises a plurality of characteristic equations and reactor balance equations such as previously described.
- An integration software tool 37 is used to simulate the behavior of the plate reactor from the dynamic model of the reactor for a given reaction.
- This tool makes it possible to solve the mixed systems of algebraic and differential equations of the dynamic model, by coupling with a database which includes the hydrodynamic description of the reactor 38, the physical properties 39 of the reaction medium, utility fluid (s) and reactor component materials (inserts, plates, etc.), the kinetic and heat reaction models of the chemical reaction 40, the heat transfers 41 between the different fluids, and the transfers of liquid-liquid or liquid-gas material for the reactions in two-phase medium.
- parameters or inputs that occur in the different models are needed by the tool for the integration of the dynamic model. These parameters include the operating conditions of the reaction such as the number of reactions, the number of reagents, the nature of the reagents, their flow rate, their temperature, their pressure, their duration of feed, the characteristics of the reactions, the stoichiometric coefficients.
- a description of a basic configuration 44 of the reactor comprising, for example, the number of elementary cells per block the number of elementary cells per row, the number of reaction blocks, the number of utility zones per reaction block, the dimensions of the plate reactor, the temperature of the external environment, the heat exchange areas, the number of plates, their thickness, their density, their heat capacity, their thermal conductivity, the dimensions of inserts, their density, their heat capacity, and the nature of utility fluids, and other integration parameters such as tolerances on absolute errors or the final time of integration.
- the skilled person knows this kind of tool and database.
- the database is for example Bipphy ® .
- the integration software tool is for example DISCo, capable of solving dynamic models with more than 5000 characteristic equations and balance sheet with great speed and accuracy.
- DlSCo Do Integrate by Software Components
- DlSCo Do Integrate by Software Components
- This tool has many advantages such as a global treatment of the system, without discrimination between equations or variables, the possibility of integrating equations and therefore additional variables into the basic system, thus offering great flexibility to the mathematical model, procedures automatic detection of events and calculation of consistent initial conditions, particularly useful in the search and management of events (startup procedure, dynamics) and the possibility of treatment of the system by hollow matrix, which leads to a reduction important computing time.
- the integration software tool 37 makes it possible to simulate the behavior of the chemical reactor called "state of the reactor" 45 for a given chemical reaction. This simulation makes it possible, for example, to predict the yield of the chemical reaction, the evolution of the temperature during the reaction, etc.
- the operator first seeks to define an optimal sizing or configuration of the reactor 46. For this, he determines or evaluates the objective (s) 47 to be achieved, such as the improvement of the productivity (yield reaction), the respect of the environment (quantity of weak rejects), or a reduced cost, the constraints 48 to respect which may concern safety for example with a maximum temperature of the reaction medium not to be exceeded, productivity or the profitability with maximum or minimum amounts of predetermined reagents, or the environment with a limitation of toxic or harmful or hardly recyclable or biodegradable discharges, and the variable characteristics of reactor structure.
- the objective (s) 47 to be achieved such as the improvement of the productivity (yield reaction), the respect of the environment (quantity of weak rejects), or a reduced cost
- the constraints 48 to respect which may concern safety for example with a maximum temperature of the reaction medium not to be exceeded, productivity or the profitability with maximum or minimum amounts of predetermined reagents, or the environment with a limitation of toxic or harmful or hardly recyclable or biodegradable discharges, and
- variable characteristics 49 comprise, for example, the number of reaction blocks, the number of utility zones per block, the number and the position of the feed points, the dimensions of the reaction chambers, the co-current flow direction. , against current or cross flows of utilizing fluids relative to the circulation of the reaction medium in the reaction chamber, and the number, nature and geometry of the inserts in the reaction chamber.
- the objective to be achieved may be a mathematical function comprising several quantitative criteria.
- the operator can also define acceptable variations of these objectives and constraints, that is, allowable margins.
- the method according to the invention makes it possible to optimize the optimal sizing or configuration 46 of the reactor from the state of reactor 45 previously defined, the operating conditions 43 mentioned above and of these objectives 47, constraints 48 and variables 49. optimization is obtained by a plurality of successive simulations 50 which make it possible to achieve as many objectives or objective functions as possible while respecting the constraints and even the authorized margins of the objectives and constraints, and by acting on all the variable structure characteristics plate reactor.
- optimization of the design of the reactor is carried out by means of a second software tool 51 such as, for example, SQP ® (Successive Quadratic Programming) which makes it possible to define the parameters of the design or optimal configuration 46 of the reactor for a given reaction.
- SQP ® Successessive Quadratic Programming
- variable reaction data 53 which comprise, for example, the flow rate, the temperature, the pressure and the composition of the various reagents, the feed order of these reagents in the reaction chamber 24, and the flow and temperature of utility fluids.
- the method according to the invention makes it possible to optimize the operation of the reactor by determining the optimal operating conditions of the reactor for a given reaction, based on the design or optimal configuration of the reactor previously defined, the aforementioned operating conditions and objectives, constraints and variables mentioned above.
- the optimization is obtained by a plurality of successive simulations 50 which make it possible to achieve as many of the above objectives or objective functions as possible while respecting the constraints and even the authorized margins of the objectives and constraints, and by acting on all the data. reaction variables.
- optimization of the operation of the reactor is also carried out by means of the aforementioned software tool 51.
- the optimal operating conditions make it possible, for example, to carry out comparative studies in terms of reactor control, and safety and sensitivity of the chemical reaction. Examples of optimization of the behavior of a plate reactor for a given dimensioning and for a given reaction are illustrated in FIGS. 6 to 12.
- Figures 6 and 7 are graphs for monitoring the oxidation reaction of sodium thiosulfate.
- the axis 149 of the abscissa represents the volume of the reaction chamber in liters.
- the axis 150 of the ordinates on the left represents the temperature in degrees Celsius and the axis 151 of the ordinates on the right represents the efficiency of the reaction on a scale of 1.
- the curve 152 is the evolution of the yield of the oxidation reaction
- curves 153, 154 and 155 are respectively the evolution of the temperature of the reaction medium, utility fluids and plates defining the reaction chamber.
- the oxidation of sodium thiosulfate is carried out with hydrogen peroxide according to the reaction below, the reaction products being sodium trithionate, sodium sulfate and water.
- the reaction is highly exothermic and carried out in a homogeneous liquid medium in a plate reactor comprising three reaction blocks.
- the aforementioned experimental studies of residence time distribution make it possible to assimilate the plate reactor to a succession of 91 elementary cells, the reactor comprising three parallel reaction blocks formed of 27 elementary cells each, and separated from each other by a transition element formed of 10 elementary cells.
- the number of equations in the dynamic model of the reactor for, this reaction is 1920.
- the reaction medium is not very concentrated in reagents
- the sodium thiosulfate is injected at 40 Lh -1 with a concentration of 0.62 mol.l -1
- the hydrogen peroxide at 10 Lh -1 with a concentration of of 1.28 mol L -1
- the utility fluids are water at 14 0 C fed at a flow rate of 1.8 m 3 . h -1 in the first reaction block and 0.9 m 3 h -1 in the other two reaction blocks.
- the operator sets a single objective, improving the efficiency of the oxidation reaction, a variable reaction data which is the flow rates of the utility fluids, and a temperature constraint of the reaction medium which must remain below 100 ° C.
- the reaction medium is more concentrated in reagent
- the sodium thiosulfate is injected at 40 Lh -1 with a concentration of 0.75 mol L -1
- the hydrogen peroxide at 10 L -1 -1 with a concentration of of 1. 59 mol L -1
- the utility fluids are water at 14 ° C supplied at a rate of 2.3 m 3 ⁇ h -1 in the first reaction block and 1.2 m 3 .h "1 of the other two blocks reactions.
- the process according to the invention makes it possible to optimize the plate reactor for the oxidation reaction of sodium thiosulfate by acting on variable reaction data which are the flow rates of the utility fluids.
- the oxidation reaction of sodium thiosulfate is then carried out in a plate reactor built to operate with the optimized flow rates of the utility fluids, and measurements of physical parameters such as temperature and pressure are carried out during this implementation. to validate the operation of the reactor.
- the diamond-shaped points 156 are experimental measurements of the reaction efficiency; the square-shaped points 157 and the triangle 158 are respectively experimental measurements of the temperature of the reaction medium and utility fluids.
- the simulation also makes it possible to precisely locate the temperature peak 158 in FIG. 7 (at more than 90 ° C.), which does not appear in the experimental measurements because of the small number of sensors and their arrangement, the maximum temperature measured being less than 60 ° C.
- FIGS. 8 to 10 are graphs for monitoring the hydrolysis reaction of acetic anhydride.
- the axis 159 of the abscissa represents the number of the elementary reaction cell.
- the plate reactor comprises 30 elementary cells separated into three reaction blocks, the passage of a reaction chamber from one block to the next being schematically represented by the vertical dashed lines 160.
- the ordinate represents the temperature in degrees Celsius.
- the curves 162, 163 and 164 are respectively the evolution of the temperature of the reaction medium, Utility fluids and transition plates delineating the reaction chamber.
- the operator sets a goal of maximum productivity, a temperature constraint of the reaction medium which must remain below 80 ° C., and variable characteristics of the reactor structure which are the number and the arrangement of the feed points of the reagents for the reaction medium. optimization of the design of the reactor.
- the acetic anhydride was entirely injected into the cell 1 of the reaction chamber at a temperature of 30 ° C. and a flow rate of 40 L. h -1 .
- the water was also injected into the cell. 1 at a temperature of 30 ° C and a flow rate of 10 Lh "1 .
- Utility fluids have a temperature of 15 0 C and a flow rate of 10800 Lh "1 because the reaction is very exothermic It is seen that the chosen values of the optimization variables do not allow to respect the temperature constraint.
- the acetic anhydride was entirely injected into the cell 1 of the reaction chamber, at a temperature of 30 ° C. and a flow rate of 40 Lh -1,
- the water was injected into the cell 1 (first cell of the first block), at a temperature of 30 ° C. and a flow rate of 5 Lh "1 , and in the cell 11 (first cell of the second reaction block), at a temperature of 30 ° C. and a flow rate of 5 Lh "1.
- Utility fluids have a temperature of 15 ° C and a flow rate of 10800 Lh " 1 .
- the water was therefore introduced into the reaction chamber twice and at two different feed points. This makes it possible to reduce a little the maximum temperature of the reaction medium which goes from 138 ° C. in FIG.
- the acetic anhydride was entirely injected into the cell 1 of the reaction chamber, at a temperature of 30 ° C. and a flow rate of 40 Lh -1, The water was injected into the cell 1, a temperature of 30 ° C. and a flow rate of 3.33 Lh -1 , in the cell 11, at a temperature of 30 ° C. and a flow rate of 3.33 Lh -1 , and in the cell 21 (first cell of the third block), at a temperature of 30 ° C. and a flow rate of 3.33 Lh -1 .
- Utility fluids have a temperature of 15 ° C and a flow rate of 10800 Lh "1 .
- the water was here introduced into the reaction chamber in three times and at three different feed points. This makes it possible to reduce the maximum temperature of the reaction medium below the constraint of 80 ° C.
- the optimization process has made it possible to identify an appropriate dimensioning meeting the objective of productivity and respecting the temperature constraint.
- Figures 11 and 12 are graphs for monitoring the production reaction of neopentyl glycol.
- the axis 165 of the abscissa represents the volume of the reaction chamber in liters.
- the reaction chamber comprises 40 elementary cells separated into four blocks of elementary cells each having a volume of
- the axis 166 of the ordinates on the left represents the temperature in degrees Celsius and the axis 167 of the ordinates on the right represents the yield of the reaction in percentage.
- Curve 168 is the evolution of the yield of the reaction
- curves 169, 170 and 171 are respectively the evolution of the temperature of the reaction medium, utilitarian fluids and plates delimiting the reaction chamber.
- neopentyl glycol 2 (formaldehyde) + (2-methyl propanal) + (sodium hydroxide) -> (neopentyl glycol) + (sodium formate)
- the dashed vertical lines 172 and 173 respectively represent the feed points of sodium hydroxide and 2-methyl propanal.
- Sodium hydroxide is therefore introduced at a single time when the volume of the reaction chamber is close to 0.05L, which corresponds to the second cell of the reaction chamber (0.035L per elementary cell), and the 2-methylpropanal is introduced in three times, in the third cell, the fifteenth cell and the twenty-eighth cell.
- the utility fluids have a temperature of 50 0 C and flow rate of 1 5 m 3 .h -1.
- the reagents are injected at a temperature of 18 ° C, and the 2-methylpropanal has a concentration of 2 mol. kg -1 for a total flow rate of 9.14 Lh -1 (three injections at identical flow rates of approximately 3.05 Lh -1 ), the conversion rate achieved is 89.4% and the maximum temperature of the reaction medium at The course of the reaction is 66.6 ° C.
- the operator sets a goal of increasing the yield of the production reaction of neopentyl glycol, variable data for optimization of the operation of the reaction which are the feed rates of 2-methylpropanal for each feed point, and a constraint to be respected which is a limit temperature of the reaction medium not to be exceeded, which is 65 ° C.
- the optimization process has thus made it possible to achieve a goal of yielding a reaction and of meeting a temperature constraint by acting on variable reaction data which are the feed rates of a reagent at several points of the reaction chamber.
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Priority Applications (9)
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MX2007008567A MX2007008567A (es) | 2005-01-14 | 2006-01-10 | Optimizacion de una reaccion quimica en un reactor abierto del tipo de placas. |
CA2594822A CA2594822C (fr) | 2005-01-14 | 2006-01-10 | Optimisation d'une reaction chimique dans un reacteur ouvert du type a plaques |
CN2006800022907A CN101288078B (zh) | 2005-01-14 | 2006-01-10 | 最优化板型敞口反应器中的化学反应的方法 |
JP2007550813A JP5107054B2 (ja) | 2005-01-14 | 2006-01-10 | 開放プレート型反応器における化学反応の最適化 |
AU2006205731A AU2006205731B2 (en) | 2005-01-14 | 2006-01-10 | Optimisation of a chemical reaction in an open plate-type reactor |
BRPI0606194-0A BRPI0606194A2 (pt) | 2005-01-14 | 2006-01-10 | processo de otimização de uma reação quìmica em um reator |
EP06709060A EP1836627A2 (fr) | 2005-01-14 | 2006-01-10 | Optimisation d'une reaction chimique dans un reacteur ouvert du type à plaques |
US11/773,667 US8065038B2 (en) | 2005-01-14 | 2007-07-05 | Optimizing a chemical reaction in a plate-type open reactor |
NO20074160A NO20074160L (no) | 2005-01-14 | 2007-08-13 | Optimalisering av en kjemisk reaksjon i en åpen reaktor av platetypen |
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FR0500424A FR2880967A1 (fr) | 2005-01-14 | 2005-01-14 | Optimisation d'une reaction chimique dans un reacteur ouvert du type a plaques |
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US (1) | US8065038B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1836627A2 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP5107054B2 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN101288078B (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2006205731B2 (fr) |
BR (1) | BRPI0606194A2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2594822C (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2880967A1 (fr) |
MX (1) | MX2007008567A (fr) |
NO (1) | NO20074160L (fr) |
RU (1) | RU2417119C2 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2006075085A2 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
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WO2008051143A1 (fr) * | 2006-10-27 | 2008-05-02 | Perstorp Specialty Chemicals Ab | Procédé de production de diol, triol, polyol dans un ou plusieurs réacteur(s) à plaque |
JP2011517454A (ja) * | 2008-04-03 | 2011-06-09 | サントル ナスィオナル ド ラ ルシェルシュ スィアンティフィク(セ.エン.エル.エス.) | イソシアネートの連続的オリゴマー化の方法 |
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US20070059713A1 (en) | 2005-09-09 | 2007-03-15 | Lee Jun E | SSB-DNA polymerase fusion proteins |
US8150560B2 (en) * | 2006-06-23 | 2012-04-03 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Methods for heat exchanger network energy efficiency assessment and lifetime retrofit |
US8150559B2 (en) * | 2006-06-23 | 2012-04-03 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Systems and program product for heat exchanger network energy efficiency assessment and lifetime retrofit |
US7729809B2 (en) | 2006-06-23 | 2010-06-01 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | System, method, and program product for targeting and identification of optimal process variables in constrained energy recovery systems |
US8116920B2 (en) | 2009-10-08 | 2012-02-14 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | System, method, and program product for synthesizing non-thermodynamically constrained heat exchanger networks |
US8150668B2 (en) * | 2009-02-11 | 2012-04-03 | Livermore Software Technology Corporation | Thermal fluid-structure interaction simulation in finite element analysis |
FR2971783B1 (fr) | 2011-02-17 | 2013-02-15 | Rhodia Operations | Procede d'hydroxylation de phenols et d'ethers de phenols |
EP2874029A1 (fr) * | 2013-11-15 | 2015-05-20 | Bayer Technology Services GmbH | Procédé de fonctionnement d'une installation conçue pour réaliser au moins une réaction chimique |
US10238992B2 (en) * | 2016-05-03 | 2019-03-26 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Processes for analysis and optimization of multiphase separators, particularly in regard to simulated gravity separation of immiscible liquid dispersions |
CN107563051B (zh) * | 2017-08-30 | 2019-04-02 | 南京大学 | 微界面强化反应器气泡尺度构效调控模型建模方法 |
FR3071750B1 (fr) * | 2017-09-29 | 2022-01-28 | Atmostat | Reacteur-echangeur a vieillissement maitrise |
KR102276219B1 (ko) * | 2019-02-15 | 2021-07-12 | 씨제이제일제당 (주) | 생물반응기의 운전 조건을 결정하는 장치 및 방법 |
CN113283199B (zh) * | 2021-06-28 | 2022-04-22 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | 含相变的空气预冷器设计方法、装置、计算机系统及存储介质 |
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JP2011517454A (ja) * | 2008-04-03 | 2011-06-09 | サントル ナスィオナル ド ラ ルシェルシュ スィアンティフィク(セ.エン.エル.エス.) | イソシアネートの連続的オリゴマー化の方法 |
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AU2006205731A1 (en) | 2006-07-20 |
JP2008529757A (ja) | 2008-08-07 |
CA2594822C (fr) | 2014-07-08 |
AU2006205731B2 (en) | 2009-11-12 |
US8065038B2 (en) | 2011-11-22 |
FR2880967A1 (fr) | 2006-07-21 |
CN101288078B (zh) | 2012-06-13 |
RU2007124076A (ru) | 2009-02-20 |
BRPI0606194A2 (pt) | 2009-06-09 |
MX2007008567A (es) | 2008-03-10 |
EP1836627A2 (fr) | 2007-09-26 |
RU2417119C2 (ru) | 2011-04-27 |
JP5107054B2 (ja) | 2012-12-26 |
CN101288078A (zh) | 2008-10-15 |
CA2594822A1 (fr) | 2006-07-20 |
WO2006075085A3 (fr) | 2008-06-19 |
US20080140376A1 (en) | 2008-06-12 |
NO20074160L (no) | 2007-08-13 |
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