WO2005023454A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von mindestens teilweise profilierten rohren - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von mindestens teilweise profilierten rohren Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005023454A1 WO2005023454A1 PCT/CH2003/000601 CH0300601W WO2005023454A1 WO 2005023454 A1 WO2005023454 A1 WO 2005023454A1 CH 0300601 W CH0300601 W CH 0300601W WO 2005023454 A1 WO2005023454 A1 WO 2005023454A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- blank
- clamping device
- mandrel
- headstock
- lance
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000001061 forehead Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000003128 head Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21H—MAKING PARTICULAR METAL OBJECTS BY ROLLING, e.g. SCREWS, WHEELS, RINGS, BARRELS, BALLS
- B21H7/00—Making articles not provided for in the preceding groups, e.g. agricultural tools, dinner forks, knives, spoons
- B21H7/18—Making articles not provided for in the preceding groups, e.g. agricultural tools, dinner forks, knives, spoons grooved pins; Rolling grooves, e.g. oil grooves, in articles
- B21H7/187—Rolling helical or rectilinear grooves
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/12—Forming profiles on internal or external surfaces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K21/00—Making hollow articles not covered by a single preceding sub-group
- B21K21/16—Remodelling hollow bodies with respect to the shape of the cross-section
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1 and a device according to the preamble of claim 9.
- Pipe sections are manufactured, for example, in the automotive industry for use as sliding pieces for cardan shafts or sliding steering columns.
- two tubes are used which are longitudinally displaceable relative to one another and which are positively connected with respect to rotation about their longitudinal axes. This can compensate for changes in the distance between the end points of these pipes and still transmit an exact rotation.
- these requirements are necessary both for the drive train or for steering in motor vehicles.
- these pipes should be as light as possible, have an exact profile with as little play as possible, and be of high strength.
- Production machine must be withdrawn in order to remove the finished workpiece and to feed the production machine with a new blank.
- the object of the present invention was to find a method and a device which is also suitable for the production of relatively long, at least partially profiled pipe sections by means of mechanical forming machines.
- the length of the mandrel can be selected according to the length of the area of the blank to be machined.
- the freedom of movement of the mandrel can be practically limited to the length of the area to be machined. This advantageously leads to smaller machine dimensions, particularly in the area of the drives and guides.
- the drive of the processing station and the rotary drive of the mandrel can thus be arranged very compactly on the same machine frame.
- clamping device can be loaded with the blank outside the processing area on the side opposite the mandrel. After processing, the processed pipe can also be unloaded there. This advantageously enables both the charging and the discharging process to be carried out by means of a single device.
- relatively long, thin-walled blanks can be provided with an internally and externally profiled profile, at least in certain areas.
- an axially running tooth geometry is created, which makes these tubes suitable for use as twist-resistant telescopic tubes are suitable.
- Such tubes are, for example, not used exclusively in automotive engineering, for example in cardan shafts or steering columns.
- the method is particularly suitable for the use of the impact rolling process as a mechanical forming process, ie the successive hammering or. Impact machining of blanks radially from the outside using profiled or flat roller rolls. This means that both internal gears and simultaneously internal and external gears can be produced in a known manner.
- the blank is preferably first clamped via a spring-loaded pretensioning device, which is implemented in the clamping device. That that the blank is introduced from the loading device into the pretensioning device and is held there for delivery via the mandrel.
- a positive and / or non-positive connection between the primary headstock and the clamping device ensures reliable and accurate transmission of the rotary movement of the
- the blank is preferably pushed over the mandrel by an axial movement of the clamping device and then together through the processing station.
- the drives are both the longitudinal movement through the processing station and any intermittent rotational movement for the generation of a precise toothing advantageously realized in the primary headstock.
- the arrangement of the primary headstock, processing station and secondary headstock according to the invention achieves a space-saving and compact design of the device.
- the machine frame with the primary headstock integrated on it and the processing station therefore has no larger or even smaller dimensions in comparison to conventional devices, even though longer areas of the blanks or. longer blanks can be processed.
- the areas protruding from this machine frame for holding and guiding the secondary headstock are also very space-saving and compact and can also be used for loading or Unloading device for the blanks, respectively. keep enough space for such devices to access.
- clamping device Due to the preferred embodiment of the clamping device with a hollow cylindrical jacket and a clamping or. Clamping elements, which act partially spring-loaded, create a very compact element.
- the rotation of the clamping device, respectively. of the blank held therein is advantageously carried out in the Lance to be inserted into the clamping device. their free end.
- Figure 1 schematically shows the structure of a conventional device for the production of tubes profiled inside and outside.
- 2 schematically shows the top view of the primary spindle area and the machining area of a device according to the invention
- 3 shows the top view of the secondary spindle area of the device according to the invention according to FIG. 2
- 4 shows the longitudinal section through the clamping device of the secondary spindle area of the device according to FIG. 3 in the loading position
- 5 shows the longitudinal section according to FIG. 4 with the blank inserted
- 6 shows the longitudinal section according to FIG. 4 with the tip of the lance inserted
- Fig. 7 shows the longitudinal section of Figure 4 in the operating state with a clamped lance and clamped blank.
- FIG. 1 the structure of a conventional device for manufacturing inside and outside is schematic profiled tubes.
- the device has a headstock 1 with an intermittent rotary drive on the right side.
- a mandrel 2 protruding to the left of the headstock 1 has a surface designed in accordance with the profiling to be applied to the blank 3.
- the blank 3 has two diameter areas, a first area 3 'with a smaller diameter and a second area 3' 'with a larger diameter.
- the profiling is to be formed on the area 3 ′′ of the blank 3. This is typically a tooth profile that runs parallel to the blank axis a. Workpieces profiled in this way on the inside and outside are used, for example, for two-part telescopic tubes to form
- Telescopic connections used in vehicle construction.
- a counter-holder 4 is formed on the left-hand side, which has a sleeve 5 which can be displaced longitudinally.
- the mechanical machining means 6 acting radially from the outside on the blank 3 are shown schematically in the form of two circles.
- the processing means are known rotating beating rollers which are brought into engagement in a circular movement path on the surface of the blank 3 and thereby form the profile according to the shape of the mandrel 2 on the blank 3.
- the front of the mandrel 2 is known to be inserted into the opening of the blank 3 from right to left and the mandrel 2 is further brought together with the blank 3 against the quill 5.
- the profiling then takes place with intermittent rotational movement and longitudinal displacement of the mandrel 2 relative to the machining means 6.
- the mandrel 2 is moved back into its rest position on the right-hand side, and the blank 3, which has now been finished, is stripped from the mandrel 2 by separate means and guided away. It is clear from this illustration that, depending on the total length of the blank 3, the mandrel 2 must also be of a correspondingly long design, and thus also the distance between the headstock 1 and the counter-holder 4. Furthermore, the mandrel 2 must both be fully inserted into the blank 3 but can also be completely extended from the blank 3 so that it can be fed in at all and then removed again.
- FIGS. 2 and 3 To now also longer pipes. To be able to process blanks 3, a device according to FIGS. 2 and 3 is proposed according to the invention.
- a primary headstock 1 is also longitudinally displaceable in the machine frame 7 here
- Processing device arranged. From the primary headstock 1, the mandrel 2 is driven intermittently to rotate about its longitudinal axis. Furthermore, the processing means 6 are arranged on the machine frame 7 in order to act radially with respect to the primary headstock axis. For example, the processing means 6 are also in the form of beater rollers. So that all the drive means. Drive axes for the movement of the primary headstock 1 and thus the mandrel 2 as well as the processing means 6 are arranged on the machine frame 7.
- a lance 8 is now formed coaxially with the mandrel 2 and is guided axially displaceably through the mandrel 2.
- the left end of the lance 8 is held in a drive which allows the lance 8 to move axially relative to the primary headstock 1.
- this drive is not shown in FIG. 2.
- the drive can be a hydraulic cylinder, for example, which allows the lance 8 to be subjected to a high static tensile force in the direction of the primary headstock 1.
- the free end of the lance 8 is in the area of the tip 8 'with teeth. Provide grooves, as will be described in more detail below.
- a secondary headstock 4 is arranged on a support 9 of the machine frame 7 so as to be longitudinally displaceable, as can be seen from FIG.
- This secondary headstock 4 has a clamping device 10 in the form of a collet for holding the blank 3.
- the forehead of the area 3 ' 1 to be machined of the blank 3 is directed towards the primary headstock 1, while the end of the area 3' not to be machined is held in the clamping device 10.
- the secondary headstock 4 is located so far to the left of the area of the processing means 6 that the entire length of the Blank 3 is located on the left outside the area of the processing means 6.
- the blank 3 can be easily and automatically fed to the clamping device 10 before processing by means of suitable feed means (not shown here) and, if necessary, can also be removed again after the blank 3 has been processed without interfering with the processing means ⁇ in the area of the machine frame 7.
- the mandrel 2 can only be formed in the length of the area 3 ′′ to be machined of the blank 3 and thus the length of the guides of the primary headstock 4 for its longitudinal movement are correspondingly short.
- the length of the machine frame in the area of the primary headstock 1 and the processing means 6 can also be relatively short for relatively long blanks 3 corresponding to the length of the area 3 "'to be processed and does not have to be at least over the full length, as in conventional arrangements respectively extend up to twice the length of the blank 3.
- the clamping device 10 is freely rotatable in the longitudinally displaceable headstock 4, as can be seen in FIG. 3 in longitudinal section.
- the clamping device 10 advantageously has a cylindrical jacket 11, within the right end of which a collet 12 is arranged.
- the end of the blank 3 can be inserted into the cylindrical gap formed between the collet 12 and the clamping ring 13 arranged around it, as shown in FIG.
- the collet 12 is actuated by means of a cone 14 which is longitudinally displaceable in the casing 11.
- the cone 14 is resiliently supported with respect to a tensioning piston 15, which is also displaceably arranged in the casing 11 and is rotatably mounted and held on the actuating rod 16.
- FIG. 5 shows the blank 3 inserted and held between the collet 12 and the collet 13.
- the collet 15 has been displaced against the collet 12 in the jacket 11 and thus the cone 14 presses against the inside of the collet 12 and the spring 17 fixes the blank 3 in the appropriate position.
- a rotation driver 18 which is arranged to be longitudinally displaceable in the jacket 11, is further arranged, as can be seen from FIG.
- This rotation driver 18 has not been shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 for the sake of clarity.
- Rotation driver 18 achieved.
- the lance 8 has longitudinal teeth 19 in the area of its tip 8 ′, which engage in corresponding slots in the rotary driver 18. Since the front edges of the longitudinal toothing 19 are wedge-shaped, the rotational driver 18 positions itself. the clamping device 10 automatically into the correct rotational position.
- FIG. 7 shows the clamping device 10 and lance 8 that are completely connected to one another shown.
- the rear area 20 of the rotary driver 18 is conical in the form of a collet and its inside has radial circumferential grooves in which the radially circumferential ribs of the tip of the lance 8 can engage in a form-fitting manner.
- the lance 8 can now be pulled to the right by the drive to the primary headstock 1 and put under tension, so that the blank 3 is now firmly clamped for processing via the rotary driver 18 and the collet 12 and pressed against the stop on the mandrel 2 in a manner such that it cannot rotate.
- This configuration of the clamping device 10 thus allows the blank 3 to be gripped and fixed on its non-machined area 3 '.
- the movement for fixing is carried out by a longitudinal drive arranged on the secondary headstock 4, for example an electric or hydraulic one
- the clamping device 10 connected to the primary headstock 1 by the lance 8 is now axially displaced together with the blank 8 through the processing area of the processing means 6, whereby an intermittent rotation of the blank 3 is brought about due to the drive of the mandrel 2.
- the blank 3 is now preferably profiled in a known manner by means of the beating rollers of the processing means 6. Depending on the choice of the shape of the impact rollers, either profiled or flat rollers, inside and outside or possibly only inside, the blank 3 can be profiled.
- the finished blank 3 can be fixed in this position after the machining means 6 has been radially fed in and held by the feed device.
- the mandrel 2 can now be pulled out of the blank 3 with the primary headstock 1 to the right.
- the processing means ⁇ can be moved back to their rest position and then the blank 3 can be pulled back into the area of the loading device by moving the clamping device 10 with the secondary headstock 4 back to the starting position.
- the blank 3 can now be unloaded from the loading area and a new blank 3, as described at the beginning, can be fed to the clamping device 4.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (11)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/CH2003/000601 WO2005023454A1 (de) | 2003-09-05 | 2003-09-05 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von mindestens teilweise profilierten rohren |
EP03818481A EP1660257B1 (de) | 2003-09-05 | 2003-09-05 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von mindestens teilweise profilierten rohren |
CNB038270323A CN100457319C (zh) | 2003-09-05 | 2003-09-05 | 用于制造至少局部成型的管的方法和设备 |
US10/570,389 US7861572B2 (en) | 2003-09-05 | 2003-09-05 | Method and device for making at least partly profiled tubes |
KR1020067004398A KR101026007B1 (ko) | 2003-09-05 | 2003-09-05 | 전체적으로 또는 부분적으로 프로파일된 튜브를 제조하기 위한 방법 및 장치 |
CA2538511A CA2538511C (en) | 2003-09-05 | 2003-09-05 | Method and device for making at least partly profiled tubes |
JP2005508660A JP4369424B2 (ja) | 2003-09-05 | 2003-09-05 | 少なくとも部分的に成形された管を製造するための方法及び装置 |
ES03818481T ES2295707T3 (es) | 2003-09-05 | 2003-09-05 | Procedimiento y dispositivo para fabricar tubos al menos parcialmente perfilados. |
DE50308565T DE50308565D1 (de) | 2003-09-05 | 2003-09-05 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von mindestens teilweise profilierten rohren |
AT03818481T ATE377467T1 (de) | 2003-09-05 | 2003-09-05 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von mindestens teilweise profilierten rohren |
AU2003257352A AU2003257352A1 (en) | 2003-09-05 | 2003-09-05 | Method and device for producing at least partially profiled tubes |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/CH2003/000601 WO2005023454A1 (de) | 2003-09-05 | 2003-09-05 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von mindestens teilweise profilierten rohren |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2005023454A1 true WO2005023454A1 (de) | 2005-03-17 |
Family
ID=34230815
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/CH2003/000601 WO2005023454A1 (de) | 2003-09-05 | 2003-09-05 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von mindestens teilweise profilierten rohren |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7861572B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1660257B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP4369424B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR101026007B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN100457319C (de) |
AT (1) | ATE377467T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU2003257352A1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2538511C (de) |
DE (1) | DE50308565D1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2295707T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2005023454A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2148101A1 (de) | 2008-07-25 | 2010-01-27 | Bmw Ag | Wellenanordnung mit ineinander verschiebbaren inneren und äusseren Wellenelementen |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102009052482A1 (de) * | 2009-02-11 | 2010-08-19 | Sms Meer Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von rohrförmigen Werkstücken aus einen vorgelochten Hohlblock |
KR101173869B1 (ko) * | 2010-08-26 | 2012-08-14 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 스웨이징 장치 |
US9890808B2 (en) | 2015-04-22 | 2018-02-13 | American Axle & Manufacturing, Inc. | Telescoping propshaft |
US10213824B2 (en) * | 2015-08-21 | 2019-02-26 | Donald E. Mehalik | Fastener removal tool and method of use |
IT201700023064A1 (it) * | 2017-03-01 | 2018-09-01 | Danieli Off Mecc | Laminatoio per la laminazione di elementi astiformi cavi o comunque concavi |
CN108838266B (zh) * | 2018-08-02 | 2024-04-16 | 中山市科力高自动化设备有限公司 | 一种管件塑形装置及旋压机 |
CN115284003B (zh) * | 2022-08-03 | 2023-11-17 | 河北鑫芳盛管道设备有限公司 | 一种异形管件加工方法 |
CN118417367B (zh) * | 2024-07-05 | 2024-11-05 | 江苏尚纯自动化技术有限公司 | 桶整形装置 |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3422518A (en) * | 1967-10-20 | 1969-01-21 | Valley Metallurg Processing | Method of reforming tubular metal blanks into inner-fin tubes |
DE2448283A1 (de) * | 1973-12-04 | 1975-06-05 | Gfm Fertigungstechnik | Schmiedemaschine zum herstellen insbesondere von schrotlaeufen |
FR2301318A1 (fr) * | 1975-02-24 | 1976-09-17 | Grob Ernst | Procede pour la |
DE3715393A1 (de) * | 1986-08-19 | 1988-02-25 | Grob Ernst Fa | Verfahren zum herstellen eines eine gerade oder schraege innenverzahnung aufweisenden hohlkoerpers |
US5001916A (en) * | 1988-10-05 | 1991-03-26 | Ernst Grob Ag | Method for the calibrated cross-section reduction of a workpiece rotating during such method. |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2191957B1 (de) * | 1972-07-10 | 1975-03-07 | Glaenzer Spicer Sa | |
CH686817A5 (de) * | 1992-03-04 | 1996-07-15 | Grob Ernst Fa | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines wenigstens innen gerade oder schraeg zur Werkstueckachse profilierten hohlen Werkstuecks. |
DE10217848A1 (de) * | 2002-04-22 | 2003-11-06 | Hay Tec Automotive Gmbh & Co K | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Schiebemuffen für Schaltgetriebe |
-
2003
- 2003-09-05 JP JP2005508660A patent/JP4369424B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-09-05 EP EP03818481A patent/EP1660257B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-09-05 KR KR1020067004398A patent/KR101026007B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2003-09-05 CN CNB038270323A patent/CN100457319C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-09-05 AU AU2003257352A patent/AU2003257352A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-09-05 CA CA2538511A patent/CA2538511C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-09-05 DE DE50308565T patent/DE50308565D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-09-05 ES ES03818481T patent/ES2295707T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-09-05 WO PCT/CH2003/000601 patent/WO2005023454A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 2003-09-05 AT AT03818481T patent/ATE377467T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-09-05 US US10/570,389 patent/US7861572B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3422518A (en) * | 1967-10-20 | 1969-01-21 | Valley Metallurg Processing | Method of reforming tubular metal blanks into inner-fin tubes |
DE2448283A1 (de) * | 1973-12-04 | 1975-06-05 | Gfm Fertigungstechnik | Schmiedemaschine zum herstellen insbesondere von schrotlaeufen |
FR2301318A1 (fr) * | 1975-02-24 | 1976-09-17 | Grob Ernst | Procede pour la |
DE3715393A1 (de) * | 1986-08-19 | 1988-02-25 | Grob Ernst Fa | Verfahren zum herstellen eines eine gerade oder schraege innenverzahnung aufweisenden hohlkoerpers |
US5001916A (en) * | 1988-10-05 | 1991-03-26 | Ernst Grob Ag | Method for the calibrated cross-section reduction of a workpiece rotating during such method. |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2148101A1 (de) | 2008-07-25 | 2010-01-27 | Bmw Ag | Wellenanordnung mit ineinander verschiebbaren inneren und äusseren Wellenelementen |
DE102008034774A1 (de) | 2008-07-25 | 2010-01-28 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Wellenanordnung mit ineinander verschiebbaren inneren und äußeren Wellenelementen |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE50308565D1 (de) | 2007-12-20 |
EP1660257B1 (de) | 2007-11-07 |
US20070271986A1 (en) | 2007-11-29 |
CN1826192A (zh) | 2006-08-30 |
EP1660257A1 (de) | 2006-05-31 |
AU2003257352A1 (en) | 2005-03-29 |
ATE377467T1 (de) | 2007-11-15 |
CA2538511C (en) | 2010-12-21 |
US7861572B2 (en) | 2011-01-04 |
JP4369424B2 (ja) | 2009-11-18 |
ES2295707T3 (es) | 2008-04-16 |
JP2007506552A (ja) | 2007-03-22 |
CN100457319C (zh) | 2009-02-04 |
CA2538511A1 (en) | 2005-03-17 |
KR20060037459A (ko) | 2006-05-03 |
KR101026007B1 (ko) | 2011-03-30 |
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