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WO2004005791A2 - Method for pressure regulation of a cryogenic fluid tank, and corresponding tank - Google Patents

Method for pressure regulation of a cryogenic fluid tank, and corresponding tank Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004005791A2
WO2004005791A2 PCT/FR2003/001938 FR0301938W WO2004005791A2 WO 2004005791 A2 WO2004005791 A2 WO 2004005791A2 FR 0301938 W FR0301938 W FR 0301938W WO 2004005791 A2 WO2004005791 A2 WO 2004005791A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tank
liquid
pressure
fluid
gas
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2003/001938
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2004005791A3 (en
Inventor
Alain Cloarec
Original Assignee
L'Air Liquide, Société Anonyme à Directoire et Conseil de Surveillance pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by L'Air Liquide, Société Anonyme à Directoire et Conseil de Surveillance pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude filed Critical L'Air Liquide, Société Anonyme à Directoire et Conseil de Surveillance pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude
Priority to AT03762706T priority Critical patent/ATE453829T1/en
Priority to DE60330777T priority patent/DE60330777D1/en
Priority to AU2003260622A priority patent/AU2003260622B2/en
Priority to EP03762706A priority patent/EP1521933B1/en
Priority to CA2491022A priority patent/CA2491022C/en
Publication of WO2004005791A2 publication Critical patent/WO2004005791A2/en
Publication of WO2004005791A3 publication Critical patent/WO2004005791A3/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • F17C7/02—Discharging liquefied gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/02—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with liquefied gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0107—Propulsion of the fluid by pressurising the ullage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/043—Pressure
    • F17C2250/0434—Pressure difference
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0605—Parameters
    • F17C2250/0626—Pressure

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for regulating the pressure of a cryogenic fluid reservoir connected to an installation consuming this fluid, which reservoir contains, under a storage pressure greater than atmospheric pressure, a cryogenic fluid in the liquid phase at the bottom of the tank and in the gaseous phase at the top of the tank, this tank being adapted to supply the consumer installation with liquid withdrawn from the bottom of the tank, as well as to be supplied from the outside with fluid. It also relates to such a reservoir.
  • the invention applies very particularly to so-called “low storage pressure” tanks, that is to say the maximum pressure reached at the top of the tank is generally less than about 4 bars, the pressure indicated here and the pressures indicated below being in absolute bars.
  • Such reservoirs are commonly used to store a cryogenic fluid, that is to say a fluid which, at atmospheric pressure is liquid at a temperature much below 0 ° C. They are connected to at least one consumer installation, such as a tunnel for freezing food products.
  • the storage pressure of the tank being higher than atmospheric pressure, the opening of a valve placed on the pipe connecting the tank to the consuming installation causes the liquid to move from its point of drawing to its point of use, without forced drive and despite the pressure drops.
  • the pressure of the gas is conventionally regulated at the top of the tank so that this pressure remains substantially equal to a predetermined value , fixed, generally of the order of 2 to 3 bars.
  • the pressure of the liquid at the bottom of the tank varies depending on the height of the liquid inside the tank, so that, as the liquid level drops, the pressure of the withdrawn liquid drops and tends to get closer to the gas pressure at the top.
  • a liquid height of about 10 meters implies a differential of pressure of the order of 0.6 bar between the gas pressure at the top and the liquid pressure at the bottom of the tank, at the level of the draw-off.
  • the aim of the present invention is to propose a regulation method which guarantees a substantially constant rate of drawing from the bottom of the tank and which, more generally, improves the storage, supply and withdrawal performance of the cryogenic fluid tank.
  • the subject of the invention is a method for regulating the pressure of a cryogenic fluid reservoir as defined above, in which the pressure of the gas at the top of the reservoir is varied according to the operating state of this tank.
  • the term “operating state” of the tank should be understood to mean the various phases which it passes through during its use: drawing of liquid causing a drop in level, replenishment of the tank causing a rise in level. , or the stand-by phases of the consuming installation where the tank is therefore at rest.
  • the pressure of the liquid maintained at said predetermined value is measured at the point of drawing of the liquid towards the consuming installation; - the pressure of the liquid maintained at said predetermined value is measured at the highest point of altitude along a line connecting the reservoir to the consuming installation; - When liquid is drawn from the tank and the liquid level drops, the liquid taken from the bottom of the tank is vaporized to form gas sent to the top of said tank;
  • the invention also relates to a cryogenic liquid reservoir, of the type containing, under a storage pressure higher than atmospheric pressure, a cryogenic fluid in liquid phase at the bottom of the reservoir and in gaseous phase at the top of said reservoir, this reservoir comprising means for connection to an installation consuming the fluid contained in the tank, and means for supplying said fluid from the outside, said tank comprising both means for pressurizing the gas at the top of the tank, means evacuation to the outside of said gas, and a control unit of said pressurizing and evacuation means according to the operating state of this tank.
  • a nitrogen tank 1 containing liquid nitrogen at the bottom, also called “tank”, and nitrogen gas at a pressure of about 2 bars at the top, also called “head” .
  • the liquid level inside the tank is marked with the reference N.
  • the bottom of the tank 1 is connected to a consuming installation 2, for example a freezing tunnel, via a connection pipe 3 provided with a closing valve. 4.
  • the point of connection of the pipe 3 to the tank 1, which is denoted P, is commonly called “drawing point”.
  • the tank 1 includes means 5 for pressurizing the gas at the top of the tank.
  • These means 5 comprise a line 6 connecting the bottom of the tank to its top, and is provided, from upstream to downstream, with an apparatus 7 for measuring the pressure of liquid nitrogen, for example a manometer, with a closing valve 8 (preferably a solenoid valve) and a vaporizer 9.
  • the tank 1 also includes means 10 for venting the gas at the top of the tank.
  • These means 10 comprise a line 11 for evacuation to the outside, provided upstream downstream of a pressure gauge 12, a closing valve 13 and possibly an air exhaust member not shown, commonly called "silent".
  • a unit 15, ensuring the control of the means 5 for pressurizing the crown, as well as the means 10 for venting the crown, is connected, for example by electrical connections, on the one hand to the pressure measuring devices 7 and 12, and on the other hand to the valves 8 and 13.
  • the control unit 15 is thus adapted, on the one hand, to know, continuously or at regular intervals, the pressure of liquid nitrogen at bottom of tank 1 and nitrogen gas at the top of this tank and, on the other hand, to compare the value of the pressure at the bottom with a predetermined value chosen, modifiable by the user.
  • the unit 15 is also able to control the opening, total or partial, as well as the closing of the valves 8 and 13 so as to regulate the pressures of the bottom and the top of the tank 1, as will be explained in detail below. .
  • Means 16 for supplying nitrogen are also provided, so as to regularly, possibly continuously, supply liquid nitrogen to the tank 1.
  • these means 16 comprise a supply line 17 through the bottom of the tank 1 allowing a filling said to be "at source”, and possibly a supply line 18 through the top of the tank allowing filling said to be "in rain”.
  • the reservoir 1 also includes an overflow member 19 known per se, intended to limit the height of the liquid inside the reservoir.
  • the level of the liquid N is shown at its maximum. Illustrated in this figure is the example of a 50,000 liter tank, giving rise to a height N of about 10 meters, which in such a case creates a pressure differential between the top and the bottom of the tank. about 0.6 bar.
  • the operation of the reservoir 1, the pressure of which is regulated according to the invention, is as follows:
  • the latter is in the state described above, that is to say that the gas pressure at the top is substantially equal to 2 bars and that the pressure of liquid at the draw point P is approximately 2.6 bars.
  • the predetermined pressure value stored in the control unit 15 is chosen to be substantially equal to 2.6 bars.
  • control unit 15 keeps the liquid pressure at the draw-off point P substantially constant, throughout the nitrogen withdrawal period.
  • the flow rate of the line 3 connecting to the consuming installation 2 thus remains substantially constant, limiting the operating disturbances of this installation 2.
  • the tank 1 When the tank 1 is supplied (or replenished) with liquid nitrogen, for example by filling at source, the liquid level inside the tank 1 increases, causing a corresponding increase in the gas pressure at the top of the tank.
  • the unit 15 detects, through the measurements of the pressure gauge 7, an increase in pressure, and then controls the opening of the vent valve 13, this which decreases the gas pressure at the top and, therefore, that of liquid at the bottom of the tank.
  • the unit 15 maintains the opening of the valve 13 as long as the liquid pressure at the bottom of the tank remains above the aforementioned predetermined value.
  • the regulation of the reservoir 1 is substantially similar when the supply of liquid nitrogen is carried out from the top.
  • Source filling is however preferred to rain filling, the latter tending on the one hand to reduce the gas pressure more significantly, and on the other hand to heat the liquid.
  • the control unit 15 is adapted to improve the capacity for conserving the frigories of the stored liquid. To do this, when the container 1 is not requested to be drawn off and will not be a priori for a period of several hours (for example at night), the unit 15 controls the total opening of the shut-off valve. air 13. The gas pressure at the top of the tank then changes from a storage value of approximately 2 bars to substantially atmospheric pressure (residual pressure of a few hundred grams). In this state, the reservoir 1 is no longer able to supply the installation 2, the movement of the fluid inside the pipe 3 no longer being ensured.
  • the unit 15 controls the re-pressurization of the top of the tank, via the means 5, until the liquid pressure at the bottom of the tank reaches the aforementioned predetermined value.
  • the measurement of the liquid pressure is not carried out, as previously, substantially at the level of the point of drawing of the liquid, but is carried out at the level of the highest altitude point along the line 3 of connection between the tank 1 and the consuming installation 2.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a cryogenic fluid tank (1) connected to an installation consuming said fluid, containing, under a storage pressure higher than atmospheric pressure, a cryogenic fluid in liquid phase at the bottom of the tank and in gas phase at the top of the tank. The tank (1) is adapted both to feed the consuming installation (2) with liquid drawn from the tank bottom, and to be supplied with fluid from outside. The method for ensuring pressure regulation of the tank (1) consists in varying the pressure at the tank top on the basis of the operating status of said tank. The invention is applicable to liquid nitrogen storage.

Description

Procédé de régulation en pression d'un réservoir de fluide cryogénique, et réservoir correspondant Method for regulating the pressure of a cryogenic fluid reservoir, and corresponding reservoir
La présente invention concerne un procédé de régulation en pression d'un réservoir de fluide cryogénique raccordé à une installation consommatrice de ce fluide, lequel réservoir contient, sous une pression de stockage supérieure à la pression atmosphérique, un fluide cryogénique en phase liquide au fond du réservoir et en phase gazeuse au sommet du réservoir, ce réservoir étant adapté pour alimenter l'installation consommatrice en liquide soutiré au fond du réservoir, ainsi que pour être approvisionné depuis l'extérieur en fluide. Elle concerne également un tel réservoir.The present invention relates to a method for regulating the pressure of a cryogenic fluid reservoir connected to an installation consuming this fluid, which reservoir contains, under a storage pressure greater than atmospheric pressure, a cryogenic fluid in the liquid phase at the bottom of the tank and in the gaseous phase at the top of the tank, this tank being adapted to supply the consumer installation with liquid withdrawn from the bottom of the tank, as well as to be supplied from the outside with fluid. It also relates to such a reservoir.
L'invention s'applique tout particulièrement à des réservoirs dits « à basse pression de stockage », c'est-à-dire dont la pression maximale atteinte au sommet du réservoir est en général inférieure à environ 4 bars, la pression indiquée ici et les pressions indiquées par la suite étant en bars absolus.The invention applies very particularly to so-called “low storage pressure” tanks, that is to say the maximum pressure reached at the top of the tank is generally less than about 4 bars, the pressure indicated here and the pressures indicated below being in absolute bars.
De tels réservoirs sont couramment utilisés pour stocker un fluide cryogénique, c'est-à-dire un fluide qui, à la pression atmosphérique est liquide à une température très inférieure à 0°C. Ils sont raccordés à au moins une installation consommatrice, telle qu'un tunnel de surgélation de produits alimentaires. La pression de stockage du réservoir étant supérieure à la pression atmosphérique, l'ouverture d'une vanne placée sur la conduite de raccordement du réservoir à l'installation consommatrice provoque le déplacement du liquide de son point de puisage à son point d'utilisation, sans moyen d'entraînement forcé et malgré les pertes de charge. Pour s'assurer que l'entraînement du liquide cryogénique est toujours effectif quel que soit le niveau de liquide dans le réservoir, on régule classiquement la pression du gaz au sommet du réservoir de façon à ce que cette pression reste sensiblement égale à une valeur prédéterminée, fixe, généralement de l'ordre de 2 à 3 bars. Cependant, la pression du liquide au fond du réservoir varie en fonction de la hauteur du liquide à l'intérieur du réservoir, de sorte que, au fur et à mesure que le niveau de liquide baisse, la pression du liquide soutiré baisse et tend à se rapprocher de la pression du gaz au sommet. Par exemple, pour de l'azote, une hauteur de liquide de 10 mètres environ implique un différentiel de pression de l'ordre de 0,6 bar entre la pression de gaz au sommet et la pression de liquide au fond du réservoir, au niveau du puisage.Such reservoirs are commonly used to store a cryogenic fluid, that is to say a fluid which, at atmospheric pressure is liquid at a temperature much below 0 ° C. They are connected to at least one consumer installation, such as a tunnel for freezing food products. The storage pressure of the tank being higher than atmospheric pressure, the opening of a valve placed on the pipe connecting the tank to the consuming installation causes the liquid to move from its point of drawing to its point of use, without forced drive and despite the pressure drops. To ensure that the entrainment of the cryogenic liquid is always effective whatever the level of liquid in the tank, the pressure of the gas is conventionally regulated at the top of the tank so that this pressure remains substantially equal to a predetermined value , fixed, generally of the order of 2 to 3 bars. However, the pressure of the liquid at the bottom of the tank varies depending on the height of the liquid inside the tank, so that, as the liquid level drops, the pressure of the withdrawn liquid drops and tends to get closer to the gas pressure at the top. For example, for nitrogen, a liquid height of about 10 meters implies a differential of pressure of the order of 0.6 bar between the gas pressure at the top and the liquid pressure at the bottom of the tank, at the level of the draw-off.
Cette variation de pression du liquide au point de puisage conduit nécessairement à une variation du débit de liquide soutiré, entraînant des perturbations de fonctionnement pour l'installation consommatrice située en aval. Un effet symétrique se produit lors du re-approvisionnement du réservoir en fluide.This variation in the pressure of the liquid at the draw-off point necessarily leads to a variation in the flow rate of the liquid withdrawn, causing operating disturbances for the consuming installation located downstream. A symmetrical effect occurs when the reservoir is replenished with fluid.
Le but de la présente invention est de proposer un procédé de régulation qui garantisse un débit de puisage au fond du réservoir sensiblement constant et qui, plus généralement, améliore les performances de stockage, d'approvisionnement et de soutirage du réservoir de fluide cryogénique.The aim of the present invention is to propose a regulation method which guarantees a substantially constant rate of drawing from the bottom of the tank and which, more generally, improves the storage, supply and withdrawal performance of the cryogenic fluid tank.
A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un procédé de régulation en pression d'un réservoir de fluide cryogénique tel que défini ci-dessus, dans lequel on fait varier la pression du gaz au sommet du réservoir selon l'état de fonctionnement de ce réservoir.To this end, the subject of the invention is a method for regulating the pressure of a cryogenic fluid reservoir as defined above, in which the pressure of the gas at the top of the reservoir is varied according to the operating state of this tank.
Comme développé plus précisément ci-dessous, on doit entendre par « état de fonctionnement » du réservoir les différentes phases qu'il traverse lors de son utilisation : tirage de liquide entraînant une baisse de niveau, ré- approvisionnement du réservoir entraînant une remontée de niveau, ou encore phases de stand-by de l'installation consommatrice où le réservoir est donc au repos.As developed more precisely below, the term “operating state” of the tank should be understood to mean the various phases which it passes through during its use: drawing of liquid causing a drop in level, replenishment of the tank causing a rise in level. , or the stand-by phases of the consuming installation where the tank is therefore at rest.
Suivant d'autres caractéristiques de ce procédé, prises isolément ou selon toutes les combinaisons techniquement possibles : - lorsque le niveau du liquide varie à l'intérieur du réservoir, on maintient la pression du liquide au fond du réservoir à une valeur prédéterminée constante, en faisant varier la pression du gaz au sommet du réservoir ;According to other characteristics of this process, taken in isolation or according to all technically possible combinations: - when the level of the liquid varies inside the tank, the pressure of the liquid at the bottom of the tank is maintained at a constant predetermined value, in varying the gas pressure at the top of the tank;
- la pression du liquide maintenue à ladite valeur prédéterminée est mesurée au point de puisage du liquide vers l'installation consommatrice ; - la pression du liquide maintenue à ladite valeur prédéterminée est mesurée au point d'altitude la plus haute le long d'une ligne de raccordement du réservoir à l'installation consommatrice ; - lorsqu'on soutire du liquide depuis le réservoir et que le niveau de liquide baisse, on vaporise du liquide prélevé au fond du réservoir pour former du gaz envoyé au sommet dudit réservoir ;- the pressure of the liquid maintained at said predetermined value is measured at the point of drawing of the liquid towards the consuming installation; - the pressure of the liquid maintained at said predetermined value is measured at the highest point of altitude along a line connecting the reservoir to the consuming installation; - When liquid is drawn from the tank and the liquid level drops, the liquid taken from the bottom of the tank is vaporized to form gas sent to the top of said tank;
- lorsqu'on approvisionne le réservoir en fluide et que le niveau de liquide monte, on évacue à l'extérieur du réservoir au moins une partie du gaz situé au sommet dudit réservoir ;- When the tank is supplied with fluid and the liquid level rises, at least part of the gas located at the top of said tank is evacuated outside the tank;
- le fluide d'approvisionnement est introduit au fond du réservoir, à l'état liquide ;- the supply fluid is introduced to the bottom of the tank, in the liquid state;
- lorsque le réservoir n'alimente pas l'installation consommatrice, on abaisse la pression du gaz au sommet du réservoir jusqu'à sensiblement la pression atmosphérique ; et- When the tank does not supply the consuming installation, the gas pressure is lowered at the top of the tank until substantially atmospheric pressure; and
- la pression de stockage du réservoir est inférieure à 4 bars. L'invention a également pour objet un réservoir de liquide cryogénique, du type contenant, sous une pression de stockage supérieure à la pression atmosphérique, un fluide cryogénique en phase liquide au fond du réservoir et en phase gazeuse au sommet dudit réservoir, ce réservoir comportant des moyens de raccordement à une installation consommatrice du fluide contenu dans le réservoir, et des moyens d'approvisionnement depuis l'extérieur en ledit fluide, ledit réservoir comportant à la fois des moyens de mise sous pression du gaz au sommet du réservoir, des moyens d'évacuation vers l'extérieur dudit gaz, et une unité de commande desdits moyens de mise sous pression et d'évacuation selon l'état de fonctionnement de ce réservoir.- the storage pressure of the tank is less than 4 bars. The invention also relates to a cryogenic liquid reservoir, of the type containing, under a storage pressure higher than atmospheric pressure, a cryogenic fluid in liquid phase at the bottom of the reservoir and in gaseous phase at the top of said reservoir, this reservoir comprising means for connection to an installation consuming the fluid contained in the tank, and means for supplying said fluid from the outside, said tank comprising both means for pressurizing the gas at the top of the tank, means evacuation to the outside of said gas, and a control unit of said pressurizing and evacuation means according to the operating state of this tank.
L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple et faite en se référant à la figure unique qui est une vue schématique d'un réservoir suivant l'invention.The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, given solely by way of example and made with reference to the single figure which is a schematic view of a tank according to the invention.
Sur la figure unique est représenté un réservoir d'azote 1 , contenant de l'azote liquide au fond, appelé également « cuve », et de l'azote gazeux sous une pression d'environ 2 bars au sommet, appelé également « tête ». Le niveau de liquide à l'intérieur du réservoir est repéré par la référence N. Le fond du réservoir 1 est raccordé à une installation consommatrice 2, par exemple un tunnel de surgélation, via une conduite de raccordement 3 pourvue d'une vanne de fermeture 4. Le point de raccordement de la conduite 3 au réservoir 1 , qui est noté P, est couramment appelé « point de puisage ». Le réservoir 1 comporte des moyens 5 de mise sous pression du gaz au sommet du réservoir. Ces moyens 5 comportent une ligne 6 reliant le fond du réservoir à son sommet, et est pourvue, d'amont en aval, d'un appareil 7 de mesure de la pression de l'azote liquide, par exemple un manomètre, d'une vanne de fermeture 8 (préférentiellement une électrovanne) et d'un vaporiseur 9.In the single figure is shown a nitrogen tank 1, containing liquid nitrogen at the bottom, also called "tank", and nitrogen gas at a pressure of about 2 bars at the top, also called "head" . The liquid level inside the tank is marked with the reference N. The bottom of the tank 1 is connected to a consuming installation 2, for example a freezing tunnel, via a connection pipe 3 provided with a closing valve. 4. The point of connection of the pipe 3 to the tank 1, which is denoted P, is commonly called “drawing point”. The tank 1 includes means 5 for pressurizing the gas at the top of the tank. These means 5 comprise a line 6 connecting the bottom of the tank to its top, and is provided, from upstream to downstream, with an apparatus 7 for measuring the pressure of liquid nitrogen, for example a manometer, with a closing valve 8 (preferably a solenoid valve) and a vaporizer 9.
Le réservoir 1 comporte également des moyens 10 de mise à l'air du gaz au sommet du réservoir. Ces moyens 10 comportent une ligne 11 d'évacuation vers l'extérieur, pourvue d'amont en aval d'un manomètre 12, d'une vanne de fermeture 13 et éventuellement d'un organe d'échappement à l'air non représenté, couramment appelé « silencieux ».The tank 1 also includes means 10 for venting the gas at the top of the tank. These means 10 comprise a line 11 for evacuation to the outside, provided upstream downstream of a pressure gauge 12, a closing valve 13 and possibly an air exhaust member not shown, commonly called "silent".
Une unité 15, assurant la commande des moyens 5 de mise sous pression du sommet, ainsi que des moyens 10 de mise à l'air du sommet est reliée, par exemple par des liaisons électriques, d'une part aux appareils de mesure de pression 7 et 12, et d'autre part aux vannes 8 et 13. L'unité de commande 15 est de la sorte adaptée, d'une part, pour connaître, de façon continue ou à intervalles réguliers, la pression d'azote liquide au fond du réservoir 1 et d'azote gazeux au sommet de ce réservoir et, d'autre part, pour comparer la valeur de la pression au fond à une valeur prédéterminée choisie, modifiable par l'utilisateur. L'unité 15 est également à même de commander l'ouverture, totale ou partielle, ainsi que la fermeture des vannes 8 et 13 de façon à réguler les pressions du fond et du sommet du réservoir 1 , comme il sera expliqué en détail plus loin.A unit 15, ensuring the control of the means 5 for pressurizing the crown, as well as the means 10 for venting the crown, is connected, for example by electrical connections, on the one hand to the pressure measuring devices 7 and 12, and on the other hand to the valves 8 and 13. The control unit 15 is thus adapted, on the one hand, to know, continuously or at regular intervals, the pressure of liquid nitrogen at bottom of tank 1 and nitrogen gas at the top of this tank and, on the other hand, to compare the value of the pressure at the bottom with a predetermined value chosen, modifiable by the user. The unit 15 is also able to control the opening, total or partial, as well as the closing of the valves 8 and 13 so as to regulate the pressures of the bottom and the top of the tank 1, as will be explained in detail below. .
Des moyens 16 d'approvisionnement en azote sont également prévus, de façon à régulièrement, éventuellement continûment, alimenter en azote liquide le réservoir 1. De façon classique, ces moyens 16 comportent une conduite 17 d'alimentation par le fond du réservoir 1 permettant un remplissage dit « en source », et éventuellement une conduite 18 d'alimentation par le sommet du réservoir permettant un remplissage dit « en pluie ».Means 16 for supplying nitrogen are also provided, so as to regularly, possibly continuously, supply liquid nitrogen to the tank 1. Conventionally, these means 16 comprise a supply line 17 through the bottom of the tank 1 allowing a filling said to be "at source", and possibly a supply line 18 through the top of the tank allowing filling said to be "in rain".
Le réservoir 1 comporte également un organe de trop-plein 19 connu en soi, destiné à limiter la hauteur du liquide à l'intérieur du réservoir. Sur la figure unique, le niveau du liquide N est représenté à son maximum. On a illustré sur cette figure l'exemple d'un réservoir de 50000 litres, donnant lieu à une hauteur N d'environ 10 mètres, ce qui crée dans un tel cas un différentiel de pression entre le sommet et le fond du réservoir d'environ 0,6 bar. Le fonctionnement du réservoir 1 , dont la pression est régulée suivant l'invention, est le suivant :The reservoir 1 also includes an overflow member 19 known per se, intended to limit the height of the liquid inside the reservoir. In the single figure, the level of the liquid N is shown at its maximum. Illustrated in this figure is the example of a 50,000 liter tank, giving rise to a height N of about 10 meters, which in such a case creates a pressure differential between the top and the bottom of the tank. about 0.6 bar. The operation of the reservoir 1, the pressure of which is regulated according to the invention, is as follows:
On considère qu'à l'instant initial du fonctionnement du réservoir 1 , ce dernier est dans l'état décrit ci-dessus, c'est-à-dire que la pression de gaz au sommet vaut sensiblement 2 bars et que la pression de liquide au niveau du point de puisage P vaut environ 2,6 bars. De plus, la valeur prédéterminée de pression mémorisée dans l'unité de commande 15 est choisie sensiblement égale à 2,6 bars.It is considered that at the initial time of operation of the reservoir 1, the latter is in the state described above, that is to say that the gas pressure at the top is substantially equal to 2 bars and that the pressure of liquid at the draw point P is approximately 2.6 bars. In addition, the predetermined pressure value stored in the control unit 15 is chosen to be substantially equal to 2.6 bars.
Lorsque l'installation 2 est alimentée en azote liquide par le réservoir 1 , le niveau de liquide N à l'intérieur du réservoir baisse, entraînant une diminution de la hauteur d'azote liquide au-dessus du point de puisage P, et donc une diminution de la pression de liquide correspondante. Mesurée par l'appareil 7, cette pression de liquide devient inférieure à la valeur prédéterminée mémorisée dans l'unité 15 qui commande alors l'ouverture de la vanne 8 et ainsi l'alimentation en azote liquide du vaporiseur 9. L'azote liquide vaporisé forme un gaz acheminé au sommet du réservoir 1 , augmentant alors sa pression. Cette augmentation de pression de gaz au sommet se répercute sur la pression de liquide au fond du réservoir, jusqu'à ce que cette pression atteigne la valeur prédéterminée précitée.When the installation 2 is supplied with liquid nitrogen by the tank 1, the liquid level N inside the tank drops, resulting in a reduction in the height of liquid nitrogen above the drawing point P, and therefore a decrease in the corresponding liquid pressure. Measured by the device 7, this liquid pressure becomes lower than the predetermined value stored in the unit 15 which then controls the opening of the valve 8 and thus the supply of liquid nitrogen to the vaporizer 9. The liquid nitrogen vaporized forms a gas supplied to the top of the tank 1, thereby increasing its pressure. This increase in gas pressure at the top affects the liquid pressure at the bottom of the tank, until this pressure reaches the aforementioned predetermined value.
De la sorte, l'unité de commande 15 maintient sensiblement constante la pression de liquide au point de puisage P, pendant toute la période de soutirage d'azote. Le débit de la ligne 3 de raccordement à l'installation consommatrice 2 reste ainsi sensiblement constant, limitant les perturbations de fonctionnement de cette installation 2.In this way, the control unit 15 keeps the liquid pressure at the draw-off point P substantially constant, throughout the nitrogen withdrawal period. The flow rate of the line 3 connecting to the consuming installation 2 thus remains substantially constant, limiting the operating disturbances of this installation 2.
Lorsque le réservoir 1 est approvisionné (ou réapprovisionné) en azote liquide, par exemple par un remplissage en source, le niveau de liquide à l'intérieur du réservoir 1 augmente, entraînant une augmentation correspondante de la pression de gaz au sommet du réservoir. L'unité 15 détecte, par l'intermédiaire des mesures du manomètre 7, une augmentation de pression, et commande alors l'ouverture de la vanne de mise à l'air 13, ce qui fait diminuer la pression de gaz au sommet et, par conséquent, celle de liquide au fond du réservoir. L'unité 15 maintient l'ouverture de la vanne 13 tant que la pression de liquide au fond du réservoir reste supérieure à la valeur prédéterminée précitée. La régulation du réservoir 1 est sensiblement analogue lorsque l'approvisionnement en azote liquide est effectuée par le sommet. Le remplissage en source est cependant préféré au remplissage en pluie, ce dernier tendant d'une part à diminuer de manière plus importante la pression de gaz, et d'autre part à échauffer le liquide. Avantageusement, l'unité de commande 15 est adaptée pour améliorer les capacités de conservation des frigories du liquide stocké. Pour ce faire, lorsque le récipient 1 n'est pas sollicité en soutirage et ne le sera pas a priori pendant une durée de plusieurs heures (par exemple la nuit), l'unité 15 commande l'ouverture totale de la vanne de mise à l'air 13. La pression de gaz au sommet du réservoir passe alors d'une valeur de stockage d'environ 2 bars à sensiblement la pression atmosphérique (pression résiduelle de quelques centaines de grammes). Dans cet état, le réservoir 1 n'est plus à même d'alimenter l'installation 2, le déplacement du fluide à l'intérieur de la conduite 3 n'étant plus assuré. Cependant, en abaissant de la sorte la pression de stockage de l'azote, l'enthalpie de ce dernier tend à augmenter, ce qui revient à disposer d'un fluide de température plus basse que lorsqu'il était sous pression. Le fluide ainsi stocké durant ces périodes de non-utilisation du réservoir 1 présente donc une température plus basse qu'à l'ordinaire, garantissant une meilleure « qualité cryogénique » (en terme de frigories disponibles).When the tank 1 is supplied (or replenished) with liquid nitrogen, for example by filling at source, the liquid level inside the tank 1 increases, causing a corresponding increase in the gas pressure at the top of the tank. The unit 15 detects, through the measurements of the pressure gauge 7, an increase in pressure, and then controls the opening of the vent valve 13, this which decreases the gas pressure at the top and, therefore, that of liquid at the bottom of the tank. The unit 15 maintains the opening of the valve 13 as long as the liquid pressure at the bottom of the tank remains above the aforementioned predetermined value. The regulation of the reservoir 1 is substantially similar when the supply of liquid nitrogen is carried out from the top. Source filling is however preferred to rain filling, the latter tending on the one hand to reduce the gas pressure more significantly, and on the other hand to heat the liquid. Advantageously, the control unit 15 is adapted to improve the capacity for conserving the frigories of the stored liquid. To do this, when the container 1 is not requested to be drawn off and will not be a priori for a period of several hours (for example at night), the unit 15 controls the total opening of the shut-off valve. air 13. The gas pressure at the top of the tank then changes from a storage value of approximately 2 bars to substantially atmospheric pressure (residual pressure of a few hundred grams). In this state, the reservoir 1 is no longer able to supply the installation 2, the movement of the fluid inside the pipe 3 no longer being ensured. However, by lowering the nitrogen storage pressure in this way, the enthalpy of the latter tends to increase, which amounts to having a lower temperature fluid than when it was under pressure. The fluid thus stored during these periods of non-use of the tank 1 therefore has a lower temperature than usual, guaranteeing better "cryogenic quality" (in terms of available refrigerants).
Lorsque la période de non-utilisation du réservoir se termine, l'unité 15 commande la remise sous pression du sommet du réservoir, via les moyens 5, jusqu'à ce que la pression de liquide au fond du réservoir atteigne la valeur prédéterminée précitée. En faisant varier la pression du gaz au sommet du réservoir selon l'état de fonctionnement de ce réservoir, c'est-à-dire notamment selon que du liquide soit effectivement soutiré ou non et/ou selon que le réservoir est en cours d'approvisionnement, le procédé de régulation selon l'invention permet ainsi d'améliorer les performances de stockage, d'approvisionnement et de soutirage.When the period of non-use of the tank ends, the unit 15 controls the re-pressurization of the top of the tank, via the means 5, until the liquid pressure at the bottom of the tank reaches the aforementioned predetermined value. By varying the pressure of the gas at the top of the tank according to the operating state of this tank, that is to say in particular according to whether the liquid is actually withdrawn or not and / or according to whether the tank is being supply, the regulation process according to the invention allows thus improving the performance of storage, supply and racking.
En variante au procédé de régulation selon l'invention, la mesure de la pression de liquide n'est pas effectuée, comme précédemment, sensiblement au niveau du point de puisage du liquide, mais est réalisée au niveau du point d'altitude la plus haute le long de la ligne 3 de raccordement entre le réservoir 1 et l'installation consommatrice 2. As an alternative to the regulation method according to the invention, the measurement of the liquid pressure is not carried out, as previously, substantially at the level of the point of drawing of the liquid, but is carried out at the level of the highest altitude point along the line 3 of connection between the tank 1 and the consuming installation 2.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Procédé de régulation en pression d'un réservoir (1) de fluide cryogénique raccordé à une installation (2) consommatrice de ce fluide, lequel réservoir contient, sous une pression de stockage supérieure à la pression atmosphérique, un fluide cryogénique en phase liquide au fond du réservoir et en phase gazeuse au sommet du réservoir, ledit réservoir (1) étant adapté pour alimenter l'installation consommatrice (2) en liquide soutiré au fond du réservoir, ainsi que pour être approvisionné depuis l'extérieur en fluide, caractérisé en ce qu'on fait varier la pression du gaz au sommet du réservoir (1 ) selon l'état de fonctionnement de ce réservoir.1. Method for regulating the pressure of a reservoir (1) of cryogenic fluid connected to an installation (2) consuming this fluid, which reservoir contains, under a storage pressure greater than atmospheric pressure, a cryogenic fluid in the liquid phase at the bottom of the tank and in the gas phase at the top of the tank, said tank (1) being adapted to supply the consuming installation (2) with liquid drawn off at the bottom of the tank, as well as to be supplied from the outside with fluid, characterized in that the gas pressure at the top of the tank (1) is varied according to the operating state of this tank.
2. Procédé suivant la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que, lorsque le niveau (N) du liquide varie à l'intérieur du réservoir (1), on maintient la pression du liquide au fond du réservoir à une valeur prédéterminée constante, en faisant varier la pression du gaz au sommet du réservoir. 2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that, when the level (N) of the liquid varies inside the tank (1), the pressure of the liquid at the bottom of the tank is maintained at a constant predetermined value, making vary the gas pressure at the top of the tank.
3. Procédé suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la pression du liquide maintenue à ladite valeur prédéterminée est mesurée au point de puisage (P) du liquide vers l'installation consommatrice (2).3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the pressure of the liquid maintained at said predetermined value is measured at the point of drawing (P) of the liquid towards the consuming installation (2).
4. Procédé suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la pression du liquide maintenue à ladite valeur prédéterminée est mesurée au point d'altitude la plus haute le long d'une ligne (3) de raccordement du réservoir (1) à l'installation consommatrice (2).4. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the pressure of the liquid maintained at said predetermined value is measured at the highest point of altitude along a line (3) connecting the reservoir (1) to the consumer installation (2).
5. Procédé suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 4, caractérisé en ce que, lorsqu'on soutire du liquide depuis le réservoir (1) et que le niveau de liquide (N) baisse, on vaporise du liquide prélevé au fond du réservoir pour former du gaz envoyé au sommet dudit réservoir.5. Method according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that, when the liquid is drawn from the reservoir (1) and the liquid level (N) drops, the liquid withdrawn from the bottom of the tank to form gas sent to the top of said tank.
6. Procédé suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 5, caractérisé en ce que, lorsqu'on approvisionne le réservoir (1 ) en fluide et que le niveau de liquide (N) monte, on évacue à l'extérieur du réservoir au moins une partie du gaz au sommet dudit réservoir. 6. Method according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that, when the tank (1) is supplied with fluid and the liquid level (N) rises, it is evacuated outside the tank at at least part of the gas at the top of said tank.
7. Procédé suivant la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le fluide d'approvisionnement est introduit au fond du réservoir (1 ), à l'état liquide.7. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the supply fluid is introduced at the bottom of the tank (1), in the liquid state.
8. Procédé suivant la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que, lorsque le réservoir (1 ) n'alimente pas l'installation consommatrice (2), on abaisse la pression du gaz au sommet du réservoir jusqu'à sensiblement la pression atmosphérique.8. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that, when the reservoir (1) does not supply the consuming installation (2), the gas pressure at the top of the tank to substantially atmospheric pressure.
9. Procédé suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la pression de stockage du réservoir (1) est inférieure à 4 bars.9. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the storage pressure of the tank (1) is less than 4 bars.
10. Réservoir (1) de fluide cryogénique, du type contenant, sous une pression de stockage supérieure à la pression atmosphérique, un fluide cryogénique en phase liquide au fond du réservoir et en phase gazeuse au sommet dudit réservoir, ce réservoir comportant des moyens (3) de raccordement à une installation (2) consommatrice du fluide contenu dans le réservoir, et des moyens (16) d'approvisionnement depuis l'extérieur en ledit fluide, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte à la fois des moyens (5) de mise sous pression du gaz au sommet du réservoir (1 ), des moyens (10) d'évacuation vers l'extérieur dudit gaz, et une unité 15 de commande desdits moyens de mise sous pression (5) et d'évacuation (10) selon l'état de fonctionnement du réservoir. 10. Tank (1) of cryogenic fluid, of the type containing, under a storage pressure higher than atmospheric pressure, a cryogenic fluid in liquid phase at the bottom of the tank and in gaseous phase at the top of said tank, this tank comprising means ( 3) for connection to an installation (2) consuming the fluid contained in the reservoir, and means (16) for supplying said fluid from the outside, characterized in that it comprises both means (5) for pressurizing the gas at the top of the tank (1), means (10) for discharging said gas to the outside, and a unit 15 for controlling said means for pressurizing (5) and discharging (10 ) according to the operating state of the tank.
PCT/FR2003/001938 2002-07-05 2003-06-24 Method for pressure regulation of a cryogenic fluid tank, and corresponding tank WO2004005791A2 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT03762706T ATE453829T1 (en) 2002-07-05 2003-06-24 METHOD FOR PRESSURE CONTROL OF A CONTAINER FOR CRYOGENIC FLUID AND CORRESPONDING CONTAINER
DE60330777T DE60330777D1 (en) 2002-07-05 2003-06-24 METHOD FOR PRESSURE CONTROL OF A CONTAINER FOR CRYOGENIC FLUID AND CORRESPONDING CONTAINER
AU2003260622A AU2003260622B2 (en) 2002-07-05 2003-06-24 Method for pressure regulation of a cryogenic fluid tank, and corresponding tank
EP03762706A EP1521933B1 (en) 2002-07-05 2003-06-24 Method for pressure regulation of a cryogenic fluid tank, and corresponding tank
CA2491022A CA2491022C (en) 2002-07-05 2003-06-24 Method for pressure regulation of a cryogenic fluid tank, and corresponding tank

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FR02/08449 2002-07-05
FR0208449A FR2841963B1 (en) 2002-07-05 2002-07-05 PRESSURE REGULATION METHOD OF A CRYOGENIC FLUID RESERVOIR, AND CORRESPONDING RESERVOIR

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WO2004005791A3 WO2004005791A3 (en) 2004-04-08

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AT (1) ATE453829T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2003260622B2 (en)
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WO (1) WO2004005791A2 (en)

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WO2011070283A1 (en) 2009-12-08 2011-06-16 L'Air Liquide, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude Method and apparatus for cooling and/or deep-freezing materials implementing the injection of two cryogenic liquids
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DE60330777D1 (en) 2010-02-11
AU2003260622B2 (en) 2008-08-14
ATE453829T1 (en) 2010-01-15
CA2491022C (en) 2011-08-09
CA2491022A1 (en) 2004-01-15
AU2003260622A1 (en) 2004-01-23
EP1521933A2 (en) 2005-04-13
WO2004005791A3 (en) 2004-04-08
EP1521933B1 (en) 2009-12-30
FR2841963A1 (en) 2004-01-09
FR2841963B1 (en) 2005-07-01

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