WO2003093612A1

WO2003093612A1 - Locking cylinder

Info

Publication number: WO2003093612A1
Application number: PCT/DE2003/001417
Authority: WO
Inventors: Gert Beilstein; Klaus Bloch
Original assignee: Gert Beilstein; Klaus Bloch
Priority date: 2002-05-02
Filing date: 2003-05-02
Publication date: 2003-11-13
Also published as: DE20320720U1; DE10391864D2; AU2003240407A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a key-actuated locking cylinder, particularly for door locks, comprising at least one stationary cylinder housing in which a cylinder core is mounted and at least one key channel receiving a key which is provided with a bit. Said cylinder core comprises several, particularly at least three, locking channels that are provided with one or several one-piece or multi-piece locking elements which are movably disposed therein and are actuated by a key. At least one locking element or at least one part of a multi-piece locking element in one or several locking channels is provided with one or several magnets, particularly for determining the position, and/or with optical position transmitters. The invention also relates to a locking system, a locking installation, and a door comprising at least one inventive locking cylinder as well as a method for securing a lock and controlling access by means of the inventive locking cylinder.

Description

lock cylinder

The present invention relates to a key-operated lock cylinder, comprising at least one stationary cylinder housing with at least one cylinder core mounted therein, containing at least one key channel for receiving a key with a key bit, the cylinder core having a plurality of lock channels with one or more single-part or multi-part lock elements movably arranged therein, which can be actuated by a key. The invention further relates to a locking system containing at least one locking cylinder according to the invention and a locking system containing at least one locking system according to the invention.

Lock cylinders can be found in many commercially available locks, be it apartment door locks or car door locks. Despite the large variety of cylinder locks, it is often not possible to achieve absolutely reliable burglary protection even with highly developed products. Cylinder locks can be broken open with pulling tools, for example, by pulling out the lock cylinder or by drilling out the lock. When the locking cylinder is drilled out, the individual tumblers are completely drilled away, which means that the cylinder core can then be turned. Furthermore, with a set of metal plates with which the locking pins of a lock can be set in the open position, a locking cylinder can also be actuated without the appropriate key and the lock can thus be opened. The locking cylinder can be broken out of the lock with a so-called cylinder cracker. Furthermore, with the help of so-called handpicks that simulate a key, all tumblers of a locking cylinder can be gradually moved into their end position. Electromechanical picks are also used, which are used a special percusion technique move the locking elements to the open position. In addition, it is always possible to find the right key for a locking cylinder simply by trying out a large number of keys with different profiles. With suitable tools, it is also possible to replace a complete cylinder core with one for which a suitable key is available.

To prevent theft or burglary, WO98 / 20221 specifies a locking device with a cylinder core and a cylinder housing, in which a permanent magnet is arranged on the circumference of the cylinder core and a corresponding sensor in the cylinder housing. The use of different permanent magnets and / or their different alignment in the cylinder core can be used to generate a variety of magnetic codes which are intended to prevent manipulation of the cylinder core or the lock being broken open. The disadvantage here is that the magnetic code has to be defined during manufacture and that the magnetic code recognition, e.g. can be lost during the further assembly, transport or installation of the lock due to slight changes in the specified rotational position of the permanent magnet. The locking devices described in WO98 / 20221 are intended to be used as electronic immobilizers for motor vehicles.

WO98 / 19897 is concerned with a locking device similar to that of WO98 / 20221, in which coding of the starting rotational position and of various working positions is to be achieved with the aid of permanent magnets attached in the axial zones of the cylinder core.

No. 5,890,384 shows a door locking system for a car door lock, which is equipped with a position sensor system based on Hall sensors. With this locking system, the rotation of a lock cylinder can be monitored and the exact position of the key in the cylinder can be detected.

EP 0 525 730 AI describes a spring-mounted, magnetically designed locking flap which is arranged in front of a key inlet and which, depending on the position, is able to activate a reed contact. With this device, the key position can be detected without external energy supply, but is limited the monitoring function is concerned with determining whether the key is inside or outside the lock cylinder.

According to EP 0 105 139 A2, it is possible to activate or lock or unlock a car door lock by means of a permanent magnet integrated in the key handle, which interacts with a magnetic sensor mounted in the direct vicinity of the locking cylinder.

EP 0 462 339 A1 discloses a key-operated lock cylinder that can only be operated with a key that has spaced apart magnetic areas along its beard that can interact with movable magnets present in the cylinder housing, provided that they are in the correct position. This device is very expensive both in terms of the construction of the locking cylinder and that of the key. Conventional keys can also not be used.

Finally, a cylinder lock is described in DE 296 04 127 U1, consisting of a plurality of locking channels with locking pins movably arranged therein and operable by a key. In at least one of the locking channels there is a locking pin with means for generating an electrical reference voltage, e.g. Zener diodes, which are electrically conductive with an elastic element, e.g. a spring, are connected. The change in tension between the locking pin and the spring is monitored, e.g. determine whether an attempt is being made to break open or open the lock. For this device, it is necessary to use reliably and permanently insulated components in order to prevent a short circuit and to ensure safe actuation of the lock.

It would therefore be desirable to be able to use locking systems which do not have the disadvantages of the prior art and at the same time offer reliable theft or burglary protection.

The present invention was therefore based on the object of making available a locking device which protects against burglary and theft, and which enables unambiguous key coding, even at a point in time after the locking cylinder has been installed in a door lock, which can be easily integrated into a locking system and which also at The use of conventional keys ensures the highest possible protection against burglary and which also reliably, safely and immediately indicates that the locking cylinder has been tampered with, for example by triggering an alarm.

This object is achieved according to the invention by a key-operated lock cylinder, in particular for door locks, comprising at least one stationary cylinder housing with at least one cylinder core stored therein, containing at least one key channel for receiving a key with a key bit, the cylinder core having several, in particular at least three, lock channels with one or several single-part or multi-part locking elements movably arranged therein, which can be actuated by a key, wherein in one or more locking channels at least one locking element or at least part of a multi-part locking element with one or more magnets, in particular for position determination, and / or with optical position sensors are provided. The lock cylinder according to the invention is for use in doors, e.g. Apartment doors or car doors, just as suitable as for closing cupboards, drawers, safes or the like. The basic contraction principle of locking cylinders is known to the person skilled in the art. The cylinder core is preferably rotatably mounted so that unlocking is possible with a suitable key by turning the cylinder core in the cylinder housing. In an advantageous embodiment, in particular when magnetically sensitive sensors are used, the cylinder housing and / or the cylinder core are not made of a magnetic or magnetizable material. In one embodiment, the closing element, an individual component of a closing element or a part thereof can be designed to be magnetic or magnetizable. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the locking cylinder consists of a plurality of locking channels with two-part or multi-part locking elements which are movably arranged therein and which can be actuated by a key, the locking elements being provided with magnets for position determination in one or more locking channels.

According to an advantageous embodiment, the locking cylinder has at least one first magnetically sensitive sensor that detects the change in the magnetic field strength of a locking element that changes its position and is provided with a magnet, and / or at least one second magnetically sensitive sensor that detects the change in direction of a magnetic field, and / or at least an optical sensor that minimizes the change in position least one optical position sensor is detected. According to a further expedient embodiment of the invention, the first magnetically sensitive sensor is also able to detect the change in direction of a magnetic field. Of course, the change in direction of a magnetic field can also be detected regardless of whether the magnet or the sensor changes its relative position.

The magnetic sensors can e.g. be digital unipolar or bipolar switches or analog magnetic field sensors, which deliver digital or analog signals depending on the magnetic field. According to one embodiment, it can be provided that the first magnetically sensitive sensor is a Hall sensor and the second magnetically sensitive sensor is an AMR (anisotropy magnetoresistance) sensor. Hall sensors are known to those skilled in the art as very sensitive detectors for changing the magnetic field strength. Like the Hall sensors, AMR sensors are also commercially available, for example under the designations HMC 1501 and HMC1512 from Honeywell (see also http://www.magneticsensors.comy. With the help of AMR sensors, the angle of the field line course of a magnetic field can be determined a location and the change in it exactly. To do this, it is usually sufficient if two AMR sensors are arranged at a certain angle to one another, so that it is not absolutely necessary to provide each locking channel with an AMR sensor It is possible for AMR sensors to record a magnetic field spectrum or a part thereof in the sense of 3D detection, so that a comparison with previously recorded or stored magnetic field spectra can be carried out, for which it is usually sufficient to use the one or more AMR sensors submit a received Fourier transform.

The locking elements of the locking cylinder according to the invention are in two or more parts, with one component of a locking element preferably being designed to be magnetic or magnetizable. The individual components of a closing element do not necessarily have to be movably connected to one another, since they are guided in a closing channel. Preferably, it is not the outermost part of the closing element that is furthest from the bottom of the closing channel that is configured magnetically or magnetically, but rather the following or one or more of the following components. Compared to conventional locking elements, these or individual components or all of the components thereof are characterized by different types of locking elements, in particular magnetic or optical locking elements. components replaced. The locking element components that interact directly with the key bit are regularly left unchanged, i.e. are not equipped with a magnetic or optical position transmitter, while the or at least one of the subsequent locking element components, i.e. those that are arranged further down in the locking channel, for example depending on the execution of the (evaluations ) Electronics, have changes and are, for example, magnetic or designed as a bar code.

The locking cylinder according to the invention preferably makes use of the influence of a, in particular inhomogeneous, magnetic field, which changes its position, at least temporarily.

An expedient embodiment of a locking cylinder provides that the first and or second magnetically sensitive sensor is or are arranged in or on a locking channel, between adjacent locking channels, in or on the cylinder housing and / or between the cylinder housing and the cylinder core. This type of arrangement is particularly suitable for Hall sensors. These sensors are preferably arranged in the vicinity of the magnetic or magnetizable part of a closing element in order to record their movement. The range of variation of the magnetic code characteristic for each locking cylinder can also be increased by introducing magnetic locking element components with different magnetic strengths into the locking channels.

The sensors used can in principle be analog or digital optical position transmitters, which deliver a corresponding signal depending on the position of the closing elements. The advantage here is that the nature and type of the sensors can differ from series to series and is not comprehensible from the outside.

It has proven to be particularly advantageous if the first and / or the second magnetically sensitive sensor is or are embedded or integrated into the cylinder housing, preferably from the outside thereof. In this way, the geometries and dimensions used as standard for the locking cylinder according to the invention, which can be installed in known locks. For example, a groove can be provided on the outside of a cylinder housing in the area of the closing channels, into which one Sensor strip containing several Hall sensors, preferably in the same number as the closing channels, or one, two or more AMR sensors is inserted.

It can be provided according to the invention that at least one first or second magnet-sensitive sensor, in particular a Hall sensor, is assigned to each locking channel, in particular each locking channel containing a locking element which is provided with a magnet. The positions and movements of the locking elements can thus be sensed by corresponding sensors and e.g. be evaluated by a specially programmed microprocessor, which can store the data in an electronic memory (EEprom).

Furthermore, a further development of the locking cylinder is characterized by a contact sensor, magnetically sensitive sensor and / or optical sensor in the area of the key stop in the key channel. The insertion of the key into a key channel is usually stopped by a fixed termination of this channel, so that an exact position of the key in the channel is easily achieved. By also detecting the contact of the key tip with this contact area, e.g. a registration cycle is set which begins when a first change is made via the sensor connected to the first closing channel, i.e. the channel closest to the opening of the locking channel is registered, and it only ends when the sensor sends a signal at the key stop. Already by registering the time period between the insertion of the key and the contact at the key stop, a first clue can be obtained as to whether the locking cylinder is being processed or manipulated without authorization. In an expedient embodiment, the insertion of the key into the locking cylinder can be determined by moving the first locking element with the aid of a first and / or second magnetically sensitive sensor. Of course, optical position sensors can also be used for this.

The locking cylinder suitably has at least three locking channels, with in particular each locking channel having an at least two-part locking element, at least some of these locking elements being magnetic or magnetizable and / or having optical position sensors. In a particularly preferred embodiment, it can be provided that the cylinder core has at least five closing channels which are equipped with magnetic and / or optical position sensors.

Another embodiment of the locking cylinder is also distinguished by the fact that two AMR sensors are spaced apart from one another, in particular on the cylinder housing. An AMR sensor can, for example, be composed of one to four AMR elements. Suitable AMR elements go e.g. back on thin iron plates. Each magnetoresistive plate or AMR element is able to change its resistance depending on the angle between the magnetic moment M and the current flow. Particularly suitable AMR sensors combine four of the AMR elements described above, which are preferably connected to one another in a diamond-like configuration to form a so-called Wheatstone bridge.

In a further embodiment, the locking cylinder according to the invention also has at least one spring-elastic element in at least one locking channel, in particular in each locking channel.

It can be provided that the resilient element is a spring or a material with resilient properties, in particular a thermoplastic elastomer or a foamed plastic. Suitable springs, e.g. Metal springs and resilient materials, e.g. Polyurethane foams are commercially available.

According to a further aspect of the present invention, it is provided that in one or more locking channels with multi-part locking elements, those parts that are not intended for magnetic position determination represent complete or partial optical position sensors. According to this, the present invention includes not only those locking cylinders in which the locking elements are only equipped with optical and not magnetic position sensors, but also those in which both are used simultaneously.

It can be provided that magnetic and optical position transmitters for position determination are provided in at least one locking channel. According to one embodiment, it is contemplated that the position transmitters represent analog and / or digital position transmitters.

It can be provided here that in the case of analog position transmitters, no reference needs to be made to the position of the magnetic and optical position transmitters and position takers.

Also included are locking cylinders that already contain evaluation electronics for analog and / or digital magnetic and / or optical measurement values. It can be provided that each signal output of the sensors is individually connected directly to a specially programmed microprocessor that processes the incoming signals. The evaluation electronics can, for example, evaluate and store the analog or digitally supplied values of the sensors in their movement sequence. It can be provided that the evaluation electronics include timers that make it possible to recognize different manipulation options. Of course, the evaluation electronics can also perform additional alarm and protection functions in connection with another sensor system, such as motion detectors, reed contacts, light barriers, reflex light barriers, which are located outside the locking cylinder.

The object on which the invention is based is further achieved by a locking system comprising at least one locking cylinder according to the invention and at least one evaluation unit in operative connection with at least one first and / or second magnetically sensitive sensor and / or optical position sensor. Suitable optical position sensors or sensors are known to the person skilled in the art and can be based, for example, on bar code or color recognition being carried out.

In an advantageous embodiment, the evaluation unit has at least one signal processor, an identification unit, a memory unit, an analog / digital converter, a communication unit and / or a voltage supply. The recorded and possibly also already evaluated data can be forwarded to a central unit via the communication unit. This can be done via a cable connection or by radio. A suitable radio unit accordingly has at least one transmitting function, possibly also a receiving part, and works in advance. preferably in the GSM band. The evaluation unit can be present on a circuit board, for example, and can be attached or attached to the locking cylinder or close to the locking cylinder. The magnetically sensitive sensors as well as the optical position sensors are preferably connected to the evaluation unit by means of a cable connection. Of particular importance is the signal processor into which the magnetic and / or optical parameters of the sample or standard key are read and which compares them with the values that are recorded when a key is inserted into the key channel, i.e. the actual evaluation. The individual aforementioned units can be present separately or can also be combined on a microprocessor.

The object on which the invention is based is also achieved by a locking system comprising at least one locking system according to the invention and / or at least one locking cylinder according to the invention and at least one central unit which is in wireless connection with the evaluation unit (s) by means of lines.

In one embodiment it can be provided that the locking system comprises at least one display unit, a keyboard, a programming unit, a connection to an alarm unit, an alarm unit, a modem, an interface to a computer, a telephone dialing system and / or an alarm system circuit.

With a locking system containing the central unit, a large number of evaluation units and thus a large number of locking cylinders can be managed, ie monitored and registered, and the recorded data stored. Of course, it is also possible to couple further sensors, for example motion detectors, to the locking system directly or via the evaluation unit or the locking system according to the invention. The central unit is preferably in the form of one or more microprocessors. It is also advantageous that in the event that a key for a locking cylinder has been lost, it is no longer necessary to replace each individual locking cylinder of the locking system, but at most the person to whom the key has been lost. All that is required for this is that a new key with a changed key (beard) geometry is read in and stored as the new query standard. This query standard can be stored both in the evaluation unit and in the central unit. Each evaluation unit can preferably be uniquely identified via the central unit. In the same way you can assign each key or its query standard clearly to a specific locking cylinder or an evaluation unit, so that not only reliable monitoring is possible, but also a clear user identification can be carried out. In addition, the locking system according to the invention has the advantage of querying the status of a locking cylinder, preferably password-protected, via the Internet or telephone, preferably via the central unit, for example provided with a suitable interface, in order, for example, in the event that a lock has not been accidentally locked to be able to catch up or instruct the lock.

According to a further aspect of the invention, a door is provided with a front and a rear, comprising at least one locking cylinder according to the invention, containing at least one first motion sensor, at least one second motion sensor, at least one third and / or at least one fourth motion sensor.

It can be provided that the first movement sensor is present on at least one side of the door at a certain first height, in particular above the locking cylinder, and detects relative movements towards and away from the door from objects that are at the height or above the Height of the first motion sensor are that the second motion sensor is on the same side as the first motion sensor, in particular at a second height that is below the first height, and detects movements of objects that approach the door below the height of the first motion sensor or move away from the door and / or that the third and / or fourth movement sensor detects movement of the door. In this way it can be determined, for example, whether a child or an adult is approaching the door. Depending on this information, the locking cylinder can then be released, not released and / or an unauthorized operation can be reported. With the help of third and fourth motion sensors, it is also possible to check whether the door is opened or closed after the locking cylinder is unlocked or locked. To this end, it is often sufficient if a signal transmitter or a signal receiver, for example a magnet and a reed contact or a radiation source and a reflection light barrier, is provided in or on the door frame at the level of these motion sensors. This additional sensor system supports the locking cylinders according to the invention in a very effective manner. The first and second motion detectors preferably have a suitable construction on lenses, prisms and / or reflectors in order to To prevent blasting below or above a certain height. The first and second motion sensors are preferably designed as infrared sensors which have a transmitter and a receiver unit. It has proven to be particularly effective to use a first and / or second motion sensor for the upper and lower area with a reed contact, which interacts with a magnet, for door monitoring. Already with this arrangement it can be determined via the sequence of the activation of first and or second motion sensors and third and / or fourth motion sensors whether a door is opened from the inside or from the outside. The reed contact is preferably arranged in the area of the door lock and the associated magnet in the area of the door frame.

According to one embodiment, a method comprising the following steps can be used to secure or code a locking cylinder according to the invention:

a) selecting a locking cylinder according to the invention and a key with a key bit which is suitable for mechanically unlocking or locking the locking cylinder,

b) inserting the key into the key channel of the locking cylinder,

c) registering the magnetic and / or optical signals associated with the change in position of the locking elements in the locking channels when the key is inserted into the key channel, preferably until the key is fully inserted, in particular until the key tip hits a contact surface,

d) forwarding and / or storing the signals registered according to step c) to or in an evaluation unit,

e) optionally transforming the signals,

f) optionally providing the stored signals with tolerance values, and g) storage of the signals, optionally provided with tolerance values, or of the transformed signals as a query standard.

In one embodiment, the time course of the magnetic field strength tapped when each key is inserted via the Hall sensors can be registered and stored in the evaluation unit, provided with a tolerance range. The information from the Hall sensors essentially corresponds to the exact image of the key coding. In addition, the exact movement sequence of the movement sequence caused by the key bit of the individual closing elements can be reproduced via the Hall sensors and, if necessary, form part of the query standard. Furthermore, a characteristic magnetic field spectrum generated by inserting the key can also be recorded and stored with the aid of AMR sensors. The coding with optical signals or the creation of an optical query standard takes place in a corresponding manner.

According to a further aspect of the invention, a method is provided for determining access control via a locking cylinder according to the invention, which comprises the following steps:

a) registering and storing the magnetic and / or optical signals generated when a key is inserted into the key channel of the locking cylinder in an evaluation unit,

b) comparison of the signals determined after step a) or of transformed signals with a query standard previously determined, in particular according to the previously described method according to the invention,

c) determining whether the signals determined according to step a) or whether the transformed signals lie within or outside the query standard,

d) release of the locking cylinder if the determination after step c) leads to the signals lying within the query standard and non-release and / or alarm if the signals lie outside the query standard. The data determined via the magnetic and / or optical sensors can be evaluated, for example, as soon as the key has reached its mechanical end point in the key channel when it is inserted. It is also possible for the registered data to be compared simultaneously with the query standard. Since a period of 100 msec after reaching the anchor point is usually sufficient to carry out a data comparison and to decide on release or blocking or alarm, it has proven to be useful to first register the stop signal and then carry out the evaluation , However, it has also proven to be advantageous if at least the time window is queried that is required between the triggering of the first signal when the key is inserted and the reaching of the attachment point. In this way, unauthorized manipulations on the locking cylinder can be recognized promptly. A typical time window can include a period of 10 seconds, for example. It is consequently used in the method according to the invention that the detected movement sequences can only be reproduced exactly by the key that matches the locking cylinder. Programming is done, as described above, by putting the processor into a learning phase and inserting and removing the keys belonging to the locking cylinder. It is of course also possible to program locking systems in the same way. Any number of keys can be programmed in the processor. Each time the lock is operated, the special programming compares the values supplied by the sensors and compares them with the stored data. If the sensor data supplied does not match the stored data, the microprocessor will evaluate this as a break-in attempt and an alarm will be triggered. An alarm is triggered each time an attempt is made to manipulate the lock. When the locking cylinder is pulled or cracked, the sensors are separated from the processor. This regularly leads to immediate alarms. Likewise, when the locking cylinder is opened, the sensor system of the first locking element is disturbed, then that of the second locking element, etc. If the individual locking elements fail, a non-programmed voltage drop occurs and an alarm is triggered. When trying to open using an e-pick, all locking elements are moved simultaneously, which also leads to an immediate alarm. This is equivalent to trying to open it with a hand pick. As a result, the processor is able to detect any kind of manipulation. The present invention is based on the surprising finding that reliable burglary protection with key-operated locking cylinders can already be achieved by incorporating position transmitters in the form of magnets or optical marking elements as part of the locking elements in the locking channels of cylinder cores. It is possible to immediately detect any unauthorized manipulation of the locking cylinder by means of a robust, fault-insensitive sensor system, which can also be placed at a distance from the cylinder core and can be easily connected to an evaluation and / or central unit. With the locking cylinder according to the invention it is also possible to carry out coding only after the locking cylinder has been installed. Furthermore, the locking cylinders can be easily integrated into a locking system and also enable the construction of a locking system with which reliable monitoring can be achieved without any delay. A sensor system that detects the change in the magnetic field strength for each individual closing channel using a linear Hall sensor can be used, as can one that detects the entire magnetic field spectrum in the room or its orientation in the room by using AMR sensors detected, can be used.

The present locking device also offers the advantage of being able to be combined with motion detectors and other position sensors in order to obtain a combined alarm protection. Such alarm safeguards can be used both for front doors, i.e. in the private area, as well as for doors in commercial rooms.

Further features of the invention result from the following description, in which exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in detail on the basis of several schematic drawings. The show

Figure la shows a locking cylinder according to the invention with magnetic locking element components in cross-sectional view;

Figure lb a lock cylinder according to the invention with locking element components, containing optical position transmitter, in cross-sectional view; FIG. 2 shows the locking cylinder according to the invention according to FIG. 1 with a key present in the locking channel;

Figure 3 a an inventive door security system in front view and

3b shows the door security system according to FIG. 3a with an indicated effective range of the motion detectors.

FIG. 1 shows a locking cylinder 100 according to the invention in a schematic cross-sectional view. The locking cylinder 100 comprises a cylinder housing 12 and a cylinder core 14, which in turn is equipped with a front 16 and a rear 18, via which a key can be inserted into the locking channels 20 and 22, respectively. The cylinder core 14 is consequently suitable for unlocking or locking a lock from opposite sides, as is regularly found in front doors or other building doors. The cylinder core 14 is provided with two sets of five closing channels 24a, 26a, 28a, 30a and 32a and 24b, 26b, 28b, 30b and 32b, which are each arranged essentially parallel to one another. Each closing channel is equipped in its bottom area with a spring 34, which is followed by two-part closing elements 36a, 38a, 40a, 42a and 44a or 36b, 38b, 40b, 42b and 44b. These two-part closing elements are composed of upper sections 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 as well as underlying sections la, 2a, 3a, 4a and 5a which act as position transmitters. A sensor unit 6a, 7a, 8a, 9a and 10a is assigned to each locking channel at approximately the height of the sections of the locking elements which function as position transmitters. These sensor units can be located directly in the cylinder core 12, between the cylinder core 14 and the cylinder housing 12 or on the cylinder housing 12. If the positional closing element components 1 a to 5 a represent magnets, a change in the magnetic field can be detected via sensor units in the form of Hall sensors when the same moves. As long as no key is inserted into the key channel 20 or 22, the locking elements are pressed against the upper edge 46 of the locking channels via the spring resting on the underside of the position-giving locking element sections.

As can be seen from FIG. 1b, the magnetic closing element sections la to 5a can be replaced by optical position transmitters la to 5a, for example in the form of bar codes. In In this embodiment, the sensor units 6a to 10a are directly assigned to the respective locking channels and represent optical sensors. Of course, it is also possible to provide locking cylinders in which one or more locking channels contain a magnetic locking element section whose position change can be detected by an assigned magnetic sensor, and at the same time one or more closing channels which are equipped with the optical position sensors described above and the corresponding sensor units. Furthermore, it is possible to equip individual closing channels without a magnetic closing element section or an optical position transmitter or with both types of position transmitter. In this way, an almost unlimited range of key coding variations is accessible.

FIG. 2 shows a locking cylinder 100 according to FIG. 1 with a key 50 inserted into the key channel 20 (indicated by the dashed lines of the key bit). The key bit 52 of the key 50 has a total of five prongs 54a to 54e and five valleys 56a to 56e. When the key 50 is inserted into the key channel 20, all the locking elements 36a, 38a, 40a, 42a, 44a are pressed down against the spring force of the springs 34 in the respective locking channel via the first key teeth 54a, corresponding to the expansion of the first key tooth 54a. The change in position of the magnetic closing element sections 1a to 5a present in the respective closing channels 24a, 26a, 28a, 30a and 32a is detected by sensors 6a to 10a. The key therefore moves in the locking cylinder from the left over the top locking element section 1 to the right to the end point behind the locking element section 5. The serrated key bit moves the upper locking element sections 1 to 5 in sequence, first downwards and a little again when egg masting into the key notch up. It is thus detected that and to what extent the position of the locking elements of the first four locking channels 24a, 26a, 28a and 30a is changed by the second prong 54b of the key bit. The influence of the further teeth 54c to 54e of the key bit is detected in the same way. Furthermore, a further sensor, for example a contact sensor, can be provided on the key stop 58, which indicates the end of the insertion process. In detail, in the present case the upper closing element section 1 is moved up and down five times, the closing element section 2 four times, the closing element section 3 three times, the closing element section 4 twice and the closing element section 5 once. Are more or less or different types of locking elements, ie those that do not have an optical or magnetic see position sensors, available, increases or decreases the number of locking elements, the sensors and, if necessary, the movement sequences accordingly. These different movements of the closing elements are recorded by the sensors, forwarded to the microprocessor, processed and stored in an electronic memory.

If a key, as shown in FIG. 2, is inserted into the key channel 20, a specific course of the magnetic field strength can be determined via each individual Hall sensor. The information obtained from all five Hall sensors can be combined into a characteristic magnetic image of this key for each individual key design. Furthermore, the sequence of movements of inserting the key can be followed. If, in a first step, key coding has been carried out by pushing the key into the key channel once, it is ensured that no other key can be used to cause the lock cylinder to release the lock. This means that the lock is released or blocked or an alarm is triggered at a very early point in the unlocking process, without the mechanical locking cylinder mechanism having an effect. Furthermore, an evaluation unit or a central unit, which is connected to the locking cylinder 100, can be used to specify the period within which the key is to be inserted up to the stop after the first activation of the first Hall sensor 10a, in order to determine a time window that is effective Opening process is available.

The movement of a key within the key channel can be tracked particularly reliably if the information from the Hall sensors is read in with a cycle or cycle time of 500 kHz. As soon as a time window is set in motion by activating the Hall sensor 10a, the key insertion, ie the time required for the key to reach the contact stop, can also be used to determine whether the locking cylinder is with a tool other than the intended key is manipulated. In this way it can be prevented that the required setting is gradually found for each individual locking channel, for example by means of a hand pick. Suitable time windows extend over a period of 0.1 to 10 seconds, preferably 0.1 to 2 seconds. As soon as the required key is not recognized by the sensor units within the activated time window, e.g. B. an alarm system can be activated.

The comparison with a predetermined magnetic key coding can, for. B. can be made simultaneously during the insertion process of the key. It is also possible, after the insertion process has ended, to compare the detected data with a predetermined set of data before the mechanical unlocking process can be started. As a rule, 100 ms after touching the contact stop with the key tip is sufficient for this.

According to a further embodiment, a so-called AMR sensor can also be used. Here, in a sensor unit 2 there are 4-pole resistance bridges offset by 90 ° from one another, for example so-called Wheatstone bridges. Unlike the Hall sensors, which detect the magnetic field strength or its changes, the direction or change in direction of a magnetic field is determined with the AMR sensors. A magnetic field spectrum is recorded regularly. This sensor can also be used to record so-called magnetic fingerprints for each specific key and to query them each time they are reinserted into the locking cylinder. The use of AMR sensors has the advantage that two sensor units are already sufficient to detect magnetic coding, that they allow a greater distance from the magnetic closing element components than with Hall sensors, which results in a greater scope for attachment, and that compared to Hall sensors, a lower power consumption, for example by a factor of 100, is required.

Furthermore, it is possible to combine the locking cylinder according to the invention with further sensor units, as shown in FIG. 3a, in order to obtain an access control and alarm security that can be tailored to specific needs. For example, a door lock 60 with a first motion detector 62 and a second motion detector 64 can be arranged approximately at the center of the height of a door, ie approximately at the height of the door lock. Here come z. B. Infrared sensors in question. As can be seen from FIG. 3b, the first motion detector 62 is set such that it does not emit radiation below a certain height. The second motion detector 64, which is below the first movement supply detector is arranged, however, is set such that it only sends signals below a certain height, which are below the mounting height of the first motion detector 62. If both motion detectors are activated, it can be determined, for example, whether an adult or a child is approaching the door. Depending on this requested information, the door lock can be released or blocked. Furthermore, another motion sensor, e.g. B. a magnet 66, in the door frame, for example at the level of the door lock, and correspond to a sensor 68 present in the door, for example a reed contact. Sensor 68 can be used to determine whether or when the door is opened after an unlocking process. In addition, alternatively or alternatively, reed contacts 70, 72 and or reflective light barriers and magnets 74 can also be provided for securing purposes.

If the motion detector 62 and the motion detector 64 are activated at the same time, this indicates that an adult is approaching the door, whereupon the locking cylinder can be switched either to use or to an alarm.

The features of the invention disclosed in the above description, the claims and the drawings can be essential both individually and in any combination for the implementation of the invention in respective embodiments.

List of reference symbols

1 upper closing element section la part of a closing element upper closing element section 2a part of a closing element

3 upper closing element section

3 a part of a closing element

4 upper closing element section 4a part of a closing element

5 upper closing element section 5a part of a closing element

6a, 6b sensor unit

7a, 7b sensor unit

8a, 8b sensor unit

9a, 9b sensor unit

10a, 10b sensor unit

12 cylinder housings

14 cylinder core

16 Front of the locking cylinder

18 Rear of the locking cylinder

20 key channel

22 key channel

24a, 24b closing channel

26a, 26b closing channel

28a, 28b closing channel

30a, 30b closing channel

32a, 32b closing channel

34 spring

36a, 36b closing element

38a, 38b closing element

40a, 40b closing element a, 42b closing element a, 44b closing element upper edge of the closing channel

key

Key bit a, 54b, key spikes c, 54d, 54e a, 56b, key valley c, 56d, 56e

key stroke

Door lock first motion detector second motion detector

magnet

Magnetic sensor, reed contact

Reed contact

Magnet 0 locking cylinder

Claims

Expectations

1. Key-operated lock cylinder (100), in particular for door locks, comprising at least one stationary cylinder housing (12) with at least one cylinder core (14) stored therein, containing at least one key channel (20, 22) for receiving a key with a key bit, the cylinder core (14) several, in particular at least three, closing channels (24a, 26a, 28a, 30a, 32a; 24b, 26b, 28b, 30b, 32b) with one or more single or multi-part closing elements (36a, 38a, 40a, 42a, 44a; 36b, 38b, 40b, 42b, 44b), which can be actuated by a key, wherein at least one locking element or at least one part (la, 2a, 3a, 4a, 5a; lb, 2b, 3b, 4b, 5b) of a multi-part closing element with one or more magnets, in particular for determining the position, and / or with optical position sensors.

2. Lock cylinder (100) according spoke 1, characterized by at least a first magnetically sensitive sensor (6a, 7a, 8a, 9a, 10a; 6b, 7b, 8b, 9b, 10b), with the change in the magnetic field strength of a position changing a closure element provided with a magnet (36a, 38a, 40a, 42a, 44a; 36b, 38b, 40b, 42b, 44b) is detected and / or at least one second magnetically sensitive sensor which detects the change in direction of a magnetic field and / or at least one optical sensor, which detects the change in position of at least one optical position transmitter.

3. Lock cylinder (100) according spoke 2, characterized in that the first magnetically sensitive sensor is a Hall sensor or the second magnetically sensitive sensor is an AMR sensor.

4. Lock cylinder (100) according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the first and or second magnetically sensitive sensor (6a, 7a, 8a, 9a, 10a; 6b, 7b, 8b, 9b, 10b) in or on a locking channel ( 24a, 26a, 28a, 30a, 32a; 24b, 26b, 28b, 30b, 32b), between adjacent closing channels, in or on the cylinder housing and or between the cylinder housing and the cylinder core.

5. Lock cylinder (100) according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the first and / or second magnetically sensitive sensor is embedded or integrated in the cylinder housing.

6. Lock cylinder (100) according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that each locking channel (24a, 26a, 28a, 30a, 32a; 24b, 26b, 28b, 30b, 32b), in particular each locking channel, containing a locking element ( 36a, 38a, 40a, 42a, 44a; 36b, 38b, 40b, 42b, 44b), which is provided with a magnet (la, 2a, 3a, 4a, 5a; lb, 2b, 3b, 4b, 5b), at least a first or second magnetically sensitive sensor, in particular a Hall sensor, is assigned.

7. Lock cylinder according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a contact sensor, magnetically sensitive sensor and / or optical sensor on and / or in the area of the key stop in the key channel.

8. Lock cylinder (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least three locking channels (24a, 26a, 28a, 30a, 32a; 24b, 26b, 28b, 30b, 32b), in particular each locking channel, an at least two-part locking element (36a , 38a, 40a, 42a, 44a; 36b, 38b, 40b, 42b, 44b), at least some of these closing elements being magnetically or magnetizable and / or comprising an optical position transmitter.

9. Lock cylinder (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cylinder core has at least five locking channels.

10. Lock cylinder (100) according to one of claims 2 to 9, characterized in that two AMR sensors are spaced apart, in particular on the cylinder housing.

11. Lock cylinder (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by at least one spring-elastic element in at least one locking channel (36a, 38a, 40a, 42a, 44a; 36b, 38b, 40b, 42b, 44b), in particular in each locking channel.

12. Lock cylinder (100) according to claim 11, characterized in that the resilient element (34) is a spring or a material with resilient properties, in particular a thermoplastic elastomer or a foamed plastic.

13. Locking cylinder (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in one or more locking channels with multi-part locking elements, those parts which are not provided for magnetic position determination represent complete or partial optical position sensors.

14. Lock cylinder (100) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that magnetic and optical position transmitters are provided for position determination in at least one locking channel.

15. Lock cylinder according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the position sensors represent analog and / or digital position sensors.

16. Lock cylinder according spoke 15, characterized in that in the case of analog position sensors, no reference needs to be made to the position of the magnetic and optical position sensors and position sensors.

17. Lock cylinder according to one of the preceding claims, comprising evaluation electronics for analog and or digital magnetic and / or optical measured values.

18. Locking system, comprising at least one locking cylinder according to one of the preceding claims and at least one evaluation unit in operative connection with at least one first and / or second magnetically sensitive sensor and / or optical position sensor.

19. Locking system according to claim 18, characterized in that the evaluation unit comprises at least one signal processor, an identification unit, a memory unit, an analog / digital converter, a communication unit and / or a voltage supply.

20. Locking system, comprising at least one locking system according to spoke 18 or 19, at least one locking cylinder according to one of claims 1 to 17 and at least one central unit which is wirelessly or by means of at least one line in operative connection with the evaluation unit (s).

21. Locking system according to claim 20, comprising at least one display unit, a keyboard, a programming unit, a connection to an alarm unit, an alarm unit, a modem, an interface to a computer, a telephone dialing system and / or an alarm system circuit.

22. Door with a front and a rear, comprising at least one locking cylinder according to one of claims 1 to 17 and / or at least one locking system according to spoke 18 or 19, at least one first motion sensor, at least one second motion sensor, at least a third and / or at least a fourth motion sensor.

23. Door according to spoke 22, characterized in that the first movement sensor is present on at least one side of the door at a certain first height, in particular above the lock cylinder, and detects relative movements towards and away from the door from objects that are on the height or above the height of the first movement sensor, that the second movement sensor is on the same side as the first movement sensor, in particular at a second height which is below the first height, and detects movements of objects which are below the height of the first Move the movement sensor towards or away from the door and / or that the third and / or fourth movement sensor detects or detect movement of the door.

24. A method for securing a lock, comprising at least one lock cylinder according to one of claims 1 to 17, comprising the following steps: a) selecting a key with a key bit that is suitable for mechanically unlocking or locking the lock cylinder, b) Inserting the key into the key channel of the locking cylinder, c) registering the magnetic and / or optical signals associated with the change in position of the locking elements in the locking channels when the key is inserted into the Key channel go along, preferably until the key is fully inserted, in particular up to the contact stop, d) forwarding and / or storing the signals registered according to step c) to or in an evaluation unit, e) possibly transforming the signals, f) providing the stored signals with tolerance values, g) storing the signals provided with tolerance values or the transformed signals as a query standard.

25. A method for access control via at least one locking cylinder according to one of claims 1 to 17, at least one locking system according to claim 18 or 19, at least one locking system according to claim 20 or 21 and / or at least one door according to claim 22 or 23, comprising the steps: a) registering and storing the magnetic and / or optical signals generated when a key is inserted into the key channel of the lock cylinder, b) comparing the signals determined according to step a) or of transformed signals with a query standard, in particular determined according to the method of claim 24 , c) determining whether the signals determined according to step a) lie within or outside the query standard, d) releasing the locking cylinder, if the determination according to step c) leads to the signals lying within the query standard and non-release and or alarming if the signals are outside the query standard lie.