WO2003055650A1 - Dispositif d'absorption du choc du contact avec le sol de robot mobile dote de jambes - Google Patents
Dispositif d'absorption du choc du contact avec le sol de robot mobile dote de jambes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003055650A1 WO2003055650A1 PCT/JP2002/012981 JP0212981W WO03055650A1 WO 2003055650 A1 WO2003055650 A1 WO 2003055650A1 JP 0212981 W JP0212981 W JP 0212981W WO 03055650 A1 WO03055650 A1 WO 03055650A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- leg
- variable volume
- bag
- volume body
- landing
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J5/00—Manipulators mounted on wheels or on carriages
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
- F16F9/02—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum
- F16F9/04—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum in a chamber with a flexible wall
- F16F9/0472—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum in a chamber with a flexible wall characterised by comprising a damping device
- F16F9/0481—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum in a chamber with a flexible wall characterised by comprising a damping device provided in an opening to the exterior atmosphere
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J19/00—Accessories fitted to manipulators, e.g. for monitoring, for viewing; Safety devices combined with or specially adapted for use in connection with manipulators
- B25J19/0091—Shock absorbers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D57/00—Vehicles characterised by having other propulsion or other ground- engaging means than wheels or endless track, alone or in addition to wheels or endless track
- B62D57/02—Vehicles characterised by having other propulsion or other ground- engaging means than wheels or endless track, alone or in addition to wheels or endless track with ground-engaging propulsion means, e.g. walking members
- B62D57/032—Vehicles characterised by having other propulsion or other ground- engaging means than wheels or endless track, alone or in addition to wheels or endless track with ground-engaging propulsion means, e.g. walking members with alternately or sequentially lifted supporting base and legs; with alternately or sequentially lifted feet or skid
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a landing shock absorbing device for buffering an impact load at the time of a landing operation of a leg of a legged mobile lopot.
- each leg is grounded to the floor via a grounding surface of a foot mechanism provided at the tip. More specifically, the foot mechanism is a mechanism connected to the most distal joint (ankle joint) of each leg. And the leg-type moving port moves by the leaving / landing motion of each leg. More specifically, the leaving / landing operation is performed by using at least one of the plurality of legs as a supporting leg. The foot mechanism of the supporting leg is maintained in a ground contact state, and the other legs are maintained. This is a repetition of the operation of lifting the foot mechanism of the free leg from the ground contact point into the air, moving the foot mechanism to another ground contact point.
- a shock absorbing device for example, a device proposed by the present applicant in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-305578 is known.
- a cylinder filled with hydraulic oil is provided in the heel of the foot mechanism, and a rod is slid from the piston that can slide in the cylinder toward the bottom of the heel of the foot mechanism. It has been extended.
- a grounding body having a mushroom-shaped diameter is provided at the tip of the rod.
- the piston is urged by a spring housed in a cylinder above the piston in a direction in which the grounding body projects toward the bottom surface of the foot mechanism.
- the piston is provided with a flow passage which allows hydraulic oil to flow between the upper chamber and the lower chamber.
- the grounding member comes into contact with the ground and is pressed together with the piston in the direction opposite to the biasing force of the spring during the landing operation of the leg.
- the hydraulic oil in the cylinder flows through the piston flow passage, and the piston slides in the direction of compressing the spring, thereby reducing the impact load during the landing operation of the leg.
- the floor reaction force since the floor reaction force always acts on the heel of the foot mechanism when the leg is in the landing state, the floor reaction force is required by the foot mechanism to secure the stability of the posture of the mouth pot. , Etc. (for example, toes). Therefore, depending on the floor shape, external force, etc. The stability of the robot's posture is likely to be impaired.
- the weight of the shock absorbing device becomes large, which hinders the weight reduction of the robot.
- the grounding body that is grounded when the legs are landing can move only in the sliding direction of the piston (axial direction of the cylinder) and is solid, depending on the shape of the floor, the grounding body may be grounded.
- the impact load acts on the body in a direction intersecting the movable direction, and the impact load may not be sufficiently reduced or the shock absorbing device may be damaged.
- the landing shock absorbing device for a leg-type movable lopot moves by landing and landing operations of a plurality of legs that can be grounded via the grounding surface of the foot mechanism.
- each leg can be compressed by receiving a floor reaction force at the time of landing operation, and can be expanded at least when the floor reaction force is no longer received by the floor leaving operation.
- a variable volume body which is provided in the foot mechanism of the leg and is capable of allowing a fluid to enter and exit as the leg expands and contracts; and a fluid which is supplied to the variable volume body while expanding the variable volume body when each leg leaves the floor.
- An inflow / outflow means for causing the fluid to flow out from the variable volume body in accordance with the compression of the variable volume body by the floor reaction force, and the flow of the fluid out of the variable volume body by the inflow / outflow means.
- Spill resistance in some cases
- a landing shock absorbing device wherein at least after the variable volume body is compressed by the landing operation of each leg, the leg is moved to its leaving operation.
- a first aspect of the present invention is characterized by comprising a compressed state maintaining means for maintaining the variable volume body in a compressed state within a period immediately before the bed is released (first invention).
- the landing operation of each leg is performed by lowering the foot mechanism from the state where the grounding surface of the foot mechanism of the leg is separated from the floor, and grounding the grounding surface to the floor.
- the lifting operation of each leg is performed by lifting the foot mechanism into the air from the state in which the ground surface of the foot mechanism of the leg is grounded on the floor, and separating the ground surface from the floor.
- the state in which each leg or foot mechanism is separated from the floor means a state in which the ground contact surface of the foot mechanism of each leg is separated from the floor.
- the landing state of each leg or the foot mechanism means a state in which all or a part of the grounding surface of the foot mechanism of the leg is grounded on the floor.
- variable volume body in the expanded state is compressed during the landing operation of each leg, and at this time, the fluid in the variable volume body is compressed by the inflow / outflow means. Outflow from the variable volume with outflow resistance.
- the variable volume body that is compressed at the time of the landing operation of each leg is compressed by at least the landing operation of each leg, and then the leg is moved at the time of the floor lifting operation.
- the compressed state is maintained by the compressed state maintaining means within a period immediately before the bed is released.
- the floor reaction force acting on the variable volume body during the landing state of the leg after compression of the variable volume body is minimized as much as possible, and basically, the floor reaction force is applied only to the ground contact surface of the foot mechanism. Can work.
- the stability of the posture of the mouth pot can be easily ensured by controlling the posture of the foot mechanism.
- the leg is released from the landing state by the leaving operation of the leg.
- the variable volume body can be maintained in the compressed state at the time of and immediately after the transition to, so that the leg can be smoothly removed from the floor without causing robot stumbling, etc. .
- first invention it is possible to easily secure the stability of the posture of the robot while reducing the impact load at the time of the landing operation of the legs of the leg-type moving port. .
- the first invention immediately after the leg body is released from the floor by the leaving operation (imaging timing of the period in which the variable volume body is maintained in the compressed state by the compressed state maintaining means), Even if the variable volume body expands after the timing, the variable volume body and a part that can move integrally with the variable volume body, or a bottom portion of the foot mechanism, etc., are integrated with the foot mechanism during leg movement. It is preferable that the timing is such that the moving parts do not touch the ground.
- the fluid is preferably a compressible fluid (second invention).
- the compressible fluid has a spring property
- a part of the kinetic energy of the leg is converted into the ⁇ energy of the compressible fluid inside the variable volume body during the landing operation of each leg.
- the elastic energy is dissipated by the outflow resistance while the compressible fluid flows out of the variable volume body with the compression of the variable volume body.
- examples of the compressive fluid include a gas such as air, a liquid containing air bubbles, and a gel.
- gas such as air
- the compressible fluid becomes light in weight
- the landing shock absorbing device of the present invention can be made light in weight.
- the present invention using a compressible fluid is characterized in that:
- the lopot causes the floor reaction force acting on the foot mechanism of each leg body to follow a moment about the horizontal axis (for example, a moment detected by a six-axis force sensor or the like) to a predetermined target moment.
- This is suitable when the position and orientation of the flat mechanism is a locopot controlled by compliance control (third invention). That is, since the spring constant of the compressible fluid is reduced by the compression of the variable volume body by the landing operation of the leg, the gain of the control (compliance) is ensured while ensuring the stability of the control system of the compliance control. Gain) can be increased. As a result, it is possible to improve the ability of the moment acting on each foot mechanism around the horizontal axis to follow the target moment. Therefore, the stability of the posture of the mouth pot can be secured while appropriately reducing the impact load at the time of landing.
- the variable volume body is configured to be grounded prior to the grounding surface of the foot mechanism of each leg when the landing operation of each leg is performed.
- the leg is constituted by a deformable bag-like member provided on the bottom surface side of the foot mechanism of the leg (fourth invention). That is, at the time of the landing operation of each leg, the bag-like member comes into contact with the ground prior to the grounding surface of the foot mechanism of the leg and is compressed. At this time, since the bag-shaped member can be deformed along the surface shape of the floor, as long as the bag-shaped member can be grounded, the landing shock absorbing device of the present invention can be used regardless of the floor shape or the like. It can exhibit a buffer function.
- the bag-shaped member has a high degree of freedom in deformation, even if floor reaction force acts on the bag-shaped member from various directions at the time of landing operation of each leg, the bag-shaped member is not affected. Can be avoided.
- the compressed state maintaining means is configured to block the flow of the fluid into the variable volume body by at least the inflow / outflow means, thereby forming the variable volume body.
- Preferably maintained in a compressed state (Fifth invention).
- variable volume body in the compressed state with a simple configuration by using an electromagnetic valve or the like provided in the fluid flow passage to the variable volume body.
- the compression state of the variable volume body can be maintained mechanically by mechanical means or electromagnetic force means engaged with the variable volume body.
- the compressed state maintaining means may include, for example, a lifting / landing operation of each leg determined according to a desired gait at the time of movement of the legged mobile robot. Based on time information (information such as at what time the foot mechanism of each leg is brought into contact with the ground), it is determined when to maintain the variable volume body in the compressed state (a sixth invention). According to this, the maintenance control of the variable volume body in the compressed state can be easily performed without using a sensor.
- a sensor for detecting whether or not the foot mechanism of each of the legs is in contact with the ground via the contact surface portion is provided, and the compression mechanism is provided.
- the state maintaining means determines the time to maintain the variable volume body in the compressed state based on the detection data of the sensor (seventh invention). According to this, the variable volume body is surely removed at a desired time. It can be kept in a compressed state.
- the time to maintain the variable volume body in the compressed state is determined by detecting the time information of each leg's leaving / landing motion according to the target gait of the mouth pot, and whether the foot mechanism is in contact with the ground. It is also possible to use both of them together with the detection data of the sensor.
- the size (length) of the variable volume body in the compression direction when the variable volume body expands in a state where each of the legs is separated from the floor is the leg type movement.
- the inflow / outflow amount of the fluid into the variable volume body by the inflow / outflow means is adjusted to a predetermined size according to the gait form of the lopot. It is preferable to provide expansion control means for controlling according to the state (the eighth invention), according to this, before the compression of the variable volume body by the landing operation of each leg starts.
- the size of the variable volume body in the compression direction is controlled to a predetermined size according to the gait form of the lopot. For this reason, the amount of compression of the variable volume body due to the landing motion of each leg, and thus the amount of fluid flowing out from the variable volume body, is used as the gait form of the mouth port.
- the effect of buffering the landing impact by the landing impact buffering device of the present invention can be made suitable for the robot's gait form. That is, it is possible to make the transient change of the floor reaction force acting on each leg at the time of the landing motion of each leg suitable for the gait form of the robot, thereby stabilizing the posture of the robot. It can be achieved more appropriately.
- the faster the moving speed of the mouth pot the larger the size of the variable volume body in the compression direction before the landing movement of each leg.
- the movement of the robot The higher the velocity, the greater the flow rate of the fluid flowing out of the variable volume body when the variable volume body is compressed, the higher the outflow resistance, and the greater the damping effect (kinetic energy damping effect) of the landing shock absorber. be able to.
- the expansion control means includes, for example, the variable volume after the operation of maintaining the compression state of the variable volume body by the compression state maintaining means is released. It is determined whether or not the size of the variable volume body in the compression direction has expanded to the predetermined size based on the inflow time of the fluid into the body, and the size of the variable volume body in the compression direction is determined to be the predetermined size. When it is determined that the fluid has expanded, the inflow of the fluid into the variable volume body by the inflow / outflow means is blocked (ninth invention). According to this, the expansion of the variable volume body can be performed with a relatively simple configuration without the need for a sensor or the like. Can be controlled.
- a sensor for detecting a physical quantity that changes according to the size (length) of the variable volume body in the compression direction and the expansion control means includes a compression state maintaining means for detecting a compression state of the variable volume body. It is determined whether or not the size of the variable volume body in the compression direction has expanded to the predetermined size based on the detection data of the sensor after the maintenance operation is released, and the size of the variable volume body in the compression direction is determined. When it is determined that the fluid has expanded to the predetermined size, the inflow of the fluid into the variable volume body by the inflow / outflow means is blocked (10th invention). According to this, it is possible to reliably control the final size in the compression direction of the variable volume body when the variable volume body is expanded in a state where each leg is separated from the floor, to a predetermined size corresponding to the gait form. it can.
- Examples of the physical quantity that changes according to the size of the variable volume body in the compression direction include the length of the variable volume body in the compression direction, the pressure inside the variable volume body, and the like.
- the first sensor for detecting the pressure in the variable volume body and the size (length) of the variable volume body in the compression direction are detected.
- a temporal change pattern of the target size in the body compression direction is set, and the pressure and the size respectively detected by the first sensor and the second sensor change along the temporal change pattern of the target pressure and the target size, respectively.
- the outflow and inflow of the fluid in the variable volume body by the inflow and outflow means may be controlled (the eleventh invention).
- both the size of the variable volume body in the compression direction and the pressure inside the variable volume body are sequentially controlled so as to be suitable for the gait form of the mouth port. It becomes possible. Therefore, it is possible to enhance the buffering effect of the landing shock absorbing device of the present invention and the effect of stabilizing the posture of the robot.
- FIG. 1 is a side view showing a basic configuration of a leg-type movable robot according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a side view of a foot mechanism provided with a landing shock absorbing device according to the first embodiment of the present invention
- Fig. 3 is a plan view of the foot mechanism of Fig. 2 as viewed from the bottom side
- Fig. 4 is a flowchart showing the process of controlling the operation of the leg-type moving rod of Fig. 1.
- Fig. 5 is the foot of Fig. 2.
- FIG. 6 is a flow chart for explaining the operation of the landing shock absorber of the flat mechanism
- FIG. 6 is a timing chart for explaining the operation of the landing shock absorber of the foot mechanism of FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the landing shock absorbing device of the second embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 8 is a view of a foot mechanism provided with the landing impact absorbing device of the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a main part
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the landing shock absorbing device of the third embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 10 is the operation of the landing impact absorbing device of the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- 5 is a flowchart for explaining FIG.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a main part of a foot mechanism according to a modified embodiment according to the first to fourth embodiments of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a main part of a foot mechanism according to a modified embodiment according to the first to fourth embodiments of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a foot according to a modified embodiment according to the first to fourth embodiments of the present invention. It is a schematic diagram of the main part of the flat mechanism.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic view of a main part of a foot mechanism provided with a landing shock absorbing device according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 14 shows the operation of the landing shock absorbing device of the foot mechanism of FIG.
- FIG. 15 is a flow chart for explaining, FIG. 15 is an evening timing chart for explaining the operation of the landing shock absorbing device of the foot mechanism of FIG. 13, and
- FIG. 16 is a landing chart of the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a side view of the foot mechanism provided with the shock absorbing device.
- FIG. 1 is a side view schematically illustrating the entire basic configuration of the legged mobile robot of the present embodiment.
- the legged mobile robot 1 of the present embodiment has, for example, a pair of left and right (two) legs 3 : 3 extending from the lower end of its upper body 2 (fuselage). It is a foot moving port.
- the upper body 2 may be provided with an arm or a head.
- Each leg 3 is configured by connecting a thigh 4, a lower leg 5, and a foot mechanism 6 from the lower end of the upper body 2 through a hip joint 7, a knee joint 8, and an ankle joint 9 in this order.
- each leg 3 has a thigh 4 extending from the lower end of the upper body 2 via a hip joint 7 and a distal end of the thigh 4 via a knee joint 8.
- the lower leg 5 is connected, and a foot mechanism 6 is connected to the distal end of the lower leg 5 via an ankle joint 9.
- Each of the legs 3 can be grounded to the floor A via a foot mechanism 6 located at the foremost side, and the upper body 2 is supported by the ground.
- each leg 3 can rotate around the three axes of the robot 1 in the vertical direction, the front-rear direction, and the left-right direction, and the knee joint 8 rotates around the one axis in the left-right direction.
- the ankle joint 9 is capable of rotating around two axes in the front-rear direction and the left-right direction. Due to the rotation of these joints 7 to 9, each leg 3 can perform almost the same motion as a human leg.
- Each joint 7 to 9 of each leg 3 is provided with an electric motor (not shown) as an actuator for rotating around each axis.
- the upper body 2 of the robot 1 includes a control device 10 for controlling the operation of the legs 3 and 3 of the robot 1 (operation control of the electric motors for each joint? To 9), and a mouth port.
- the power storage device 11 as the power supply for operation 1 is mounted.
- the control device 10 is configured by an electronic circuit including a microcomputer and the like. In this case, the controller 10 moves the mouth port 1 Then, like a human, the robot 1 is moved by alternately repeating the steps of leaving and landing on both legs 3,3. More specifically, the repetition of the leaving / landing operation is as follows.
- one of the two legs 3, 3 is used as a supporting leg, and the other is used as a free leg. Then, in a state where the leg 3 on the supporting leg side is landed (the foot mechanism 6 of the leg 3 is grounded on the floor A), the leg 3 on the free leg side is lifted off (the leg 3). Lift the foot mechanism 6 of the body 3 from the floor A into the air). Further, after the foot mechanism 6 of the leg 3 on the free leg side that has left the floor is moved in the air, it is landed on a desired place. Then, the leg 3 on the free leg side that has been landed is used as a new supporting leg, and the leg 3 that has been the supporting leg is newly used as a free leg. Move leg 3 as above. Such repetition of the movement of the legs 3, 3 is the repetition of the leaving / landing movement of the legs 3, 3 when the mouth pot 1 is moved.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a side view of the foot mechanism 6, and FIG. 3 is a plan view of the foot mechanism 6 as viewed from the bottom side.
- the foot mechanism 6 includes a substantially flat foot plate member 12 as a skeleton member.
- the foot plate member 12 has a front end portion (toe portion) and a rear end portion (heel portion) that are slightly upwardly curved, but the other portions are flat and flat.
- a tubular member 13 having a rectangular cross section is fixed to the upper surface of the foot plate member 12 with its axis centered vertically.
- a movable plate 14 is provided inside the cylindrical member 13 so as to be movable substantially upward and downward along the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical member 13. It is connected to the ankle joint 9 via a 6-axis force sensor 15.
- the 6-axis force sensor 15 detects the floor reaction force acting on the foot mechanism 6 (specifically, the translational force in three axial directions of front and rear, left and right, and up and down, and the moment around the three axes). The detection output is input to the control device 10.
- the movable plate 14 has a lower surface with a plurality of elastic members 16 (shown as springs) made of an elastic material such as a spring or a rubber at the lower edge of the upper surface of the foot plate member 12. Connected to the department. Therefore, the foot plate member 12 is connected to the ankle joint 9 via the elastic member 16, the movable plate 14 and the six-axis force sensor 15.
- the interior of the cylindrical member 13 (the space below the movable plate 14) is open to the atmosphere through holes and gaps (not shown). It can enter and exit freely.
- a grounding member 17 is attached to the bottom surface (lower surface) of the foot plate member 12.
- the grounding member 17 is an active member (an active member that is in direct contact with the floor surface) interposed between the foot plate member 12 and the floor surface.
- the foot plate member 12 is fixed to four corners of the bottom surface (on both sides of the toe portion of the foot plate member 12 and on both sides of the heel portion).
- the grounding member 17 is formed by vertically stacking a soft layer 17a made of a relatively soft rubber material and a hard layer 17b made of a relatively hard rubber material.
- a hard layer 17b is provided on the lowermost surface side as a grounding surface portion that comes into direct contact with the floor surface when the leg 3 is placed on the floor.
- the foot mechanism 6 is provided with a landing shock absorbing device 18 according to the present invention, in addition to the above configuration.
- the landing shock absorbing device 18 comprises a bag-like member 19 attached to the bottom surface of the foot plate member 12, and air (compressible fluid) inside the bag-like member 19.
- Inflow and outflow means 20 for letting in and out of air (atmospheric air) are provided.
- the bag-shaped member 19 is provided substantially at the center of the bottom surface of the foot plate member 12 so that the ground member 17 is present around the bag-shaped member 19.
- This bag-shaped member 19 is made of a flexible material such as rubber so as to be deformable, and In a natural state in which no elastic deformation occurs, as shown in Fig. 2, it takes the shape of a barrel-shaped bottomed container that opens upward.
- the open end of the bag-like member 19 is fixed to the bottom surface of the foot plate member 12 over the entire circumference, and is closed by the foot plate member 12. Further, the bag-like member 19 is provided so that the bottom of the bag-like member 19 projects below the grounding member 17 in a natural state of exhibiting a barrel-shaped bottomed container shape.
- the height of the bag-like member 19 (the distance from the lower surface of the foot plate member 12 to the bottom of the bag-like member 19) is greater than the thickness of the grounding member 17. Therefore, in a state where the foot plate member 12 is grounded via the grounding member 17 (the landing state of the leg 3), the bag-like member 19 is moved to the leg 3 in the landing state in FIG. As shown with respect to the leg 3) on the front side of the mouth pot 1, it is compressed in the height direction of the bag-like member 19 by the floor reaction force.
- the natural state in which the bag-shaped member 19 assumes the shape of a barrel-shaped bottomed container is the inflated state of the bag-shaped member 19, and in this expanded state, via the inflow / outflow means 20 described below. It is filled with air at a pressure equal to the atmospheric pressure.
- the bag-like member 19 is made of an elastic material, when it is compressed, it has a shape restoring force to a shape in a natural state (a barrel-shaped bottomed container shape).
- the shape of the bag-like member 19 in the natural state does not necessarily have to be a barrel shape, and may be, for example, a bottomed cylindrical shape.
- the inflow / outflow means 20 is provided with two flow holes (flow paths) formed in the foot plate member 12 so as to allow the inside of the bag-like member 19 and the inside of the cylindrical member 13 to communicate with each other.
- Fluid pipelines 2 3, 2 4 (flow passages) connected to the inside of the cylindrical member 13, respectively, and connected to the communication holes 21, 22 and the respective flow holes 21, 22 in the cylindrical member 13.
- the ends of the fluid conduits 23 and 24 (ends opposite to the bag-shaped member 19) are open to the atmosphere.
- the fluid line 23 has a reverse passage for blocking air from flowing into the bag-shaped member.
- a stop valve 25 is provided.
- the fluid conduit 24 includes a check valve 26 that shuts off air flowing out of the bag-shaped member 19 therethrough, and an electromagnetic valve 27 that can be opened and closed by the control device 10.
- a check valve 26 that shuts off air flowing out of the bag-shaped member 19 therethrough
- an electromagnetic valve 27 that can be opened and closed by the control device 10.
- the fluid conduits 23, 24, the check valves 25, 26, and the solenoid valve 27 provided in them are provided separately from the foot mechanism 6, etc. However, in practice, these are attached to an appropriate position of the leg 3 such as the foot mechanism 6 or housed in the cylindrical member 13.
- the flow holes 21 and 22 are throttle passages, and the opening area of the flow hole 21 is smaller than the opening area of the flow hole 22.
- the air in the bag-shaped member 19 when the bag-shaped member 19 is compressed, the air in the bag-shaped member 19 is released into the atmosphere through the flow hole 21 and the fluid pipe 23. leak.
- the solenoid valve 27 When the solenoid valve 27 is opened, the air in the atmosphere flows through the fluid line 24 and the flow hole 22 as the bag-like member 19 expands from the compressed state to the natural state due to the shape restoring force. It will flow into the bag-like member 19 through the airbag.
- fluid resistance is generated by the flow holes 21 and 22 as throttle passages. In this case, since the opening area of the flow hole 21 is small, the outflow resistance of the air from the bag-like member 19 is relatively large. Conversely, since the opening area of the flow holes 22 is relatively large, the resistance of air to flow into the bag-like member 19 is relatively small.
- the electromagnetic valve 27, together with the control device 10 for controlling the opening and closing of the solenoid valve 27, constitutes a compressed state maintaining means and an expansion control means in the present invention.
- the control device 10 mounted on the upper body 2 of the robot 1 executes the process shown in the flowchart of FIG. 4 in a predetermined control cycle. That is, the control device 10 first determines whether or not it is the switching timing of the gait of the mouth port 1 (the form of stepping of the leg 3) (STEP 1).
- the switching timing of the gait is the switching timing of the supporting leg, and is, for example, when the leg 3 on the free leg side has landed (in the present embodiment, the bag of the foot mechanism 6 of the leg 3). (When the member 19 is grounded). This timing is determined, for example, based on the output of the six-axis force sensor 15 and the like.
- the control device 10 initializes the control processing time t to “0” (STEP 2).
- the gait parameters are updated based on a movement command or a predetermined movement plan of the mouth port 1 (a plan that determines how and when the mouth port 1 is moved) (STEP 3 ).
- the gait parameter is a parameter that defines a target gait for one step of the robot 1, and includes, for example, a movement mode of the robot 1 such as walking and running, a stride when the robot 1 moves, and a movement. It is an overnight parade of speed (walking cycle).
- the desired gait of robot 1 is the trajectory of the desired position and posture of upper body 2, the trajectory of the desired position and posture of foot mechanism 6 of each leg 3, and the desired total floor reaction force (both legs 3, 3), and the trajectory of the target ZMP (target position of the point of application of the total floor reaction force). More specifically, the target ZMP depends on the target position and posture trajectory of the upper body 2 and the target movement pattern of the robot 1 determined by the target position and posture trajectory of the foot mechanism 6 of each leg 3. Is the target position of the point of application of a total floor reaction force (a total floor reaction force on the same working line as the resultant force) that dynamically balances with the resultant force of inertia force and gravity acting on lopot 1.
- the vertical direction of the total floor reaction force This is the target position of the point on the floor (Zero Moment Point) where the moment other than the moment about the horizontal axis (the moment about the horizontal axis) becomes “0”.
- the controller 10 After setting a new gait parameter in STEP 3 as described above, or when it is not the gait switching timing in STEP 1 above, the controller 10 proceeds to STEP 4 Is performed, and the instantaneous target gait as the target gait in the current control cycle is obtained based on the currently set gait parameters.
- the target gait in the current control cycle current time t
- the desired position and posture, the desired position and posture of each foot mechanism 6, the desired total floor reaction force, and the desired ZMP are obtained as the instantaneous desired gait.
- the controller 10 executes the control processing of the composite compliance operation in STEP 5, and among the instantaneous target gaits obtained in STEP 4, the target position and posture of each foot mechanism 6. To correct.
- the deviation between the target posture (target tilt angle) of the upper body 2 and the actual tilt angle of the upper body 2 detected by the output of a gyro sensor or an acceleration sensor (not shown) is calculated.
- the moment component of the total floor reaction force to be generated around the target ZMP (the point of application of the desired total floor reaction force) to restore the body 2 to its target posture (hereinafter referred to as the “compensated total floor reaction force moment”)
- the total moment of the total floor reaction force required is the moment about the horizontal axis, the moment component about the front and rear axis of the mouth port 1, and the right and left axis.
- the moment component of The control device 10 calculates the resultant force (actual total floor reaction force) of the actual floor reaction force of each leg 3 detected by the 6-axis force sensor 15 of each leg 3, As long as the flatness of the flat mechanism 6 can be ensured, Correct the target position and posture of each foot mechanism 6 so as to follow the resultant force with the desired total floor reaction force.
- the moment component of the target total floor reaction force about the axis in the horizontal direction front-back direction and left-right direction
- the correction of the target position and posture of each foot mechanism 6 is performed so that the moment component about the horizontal axis of the actual total floor reaction force follows the compensated total floor reaction force moment.
- control device 10 executes a control process of the electromagnetic valve 27 (STEP 6). This control processing will be described later.
- the robot position is determined from the target position and posture of the upper body 2 in the instantaneous target gait obtained in STEP 4 and the target position and posture of each foot mechanism 6 corrected in STEP 5.
- the target displacement of each joint 7-9 of both legs 3 and 3 (more specifically, the target rotation about each axis of each joint 7-9) by kinematics calculation processing based on the geometric model (rigid link model) Angle) (STEP 7).
- the control device 10 controls the torque of the electric motor (not shown) that drives each of the joints 7 to 9 so that the actual displacement of each of the joints 7 to 9 follows the obtained target displacement. (STEP 8).
- the actual displacement amount of each joint 7 to 9 (actual rotation angle around each axis of each joint 7 to 9) is detected by a mouth re-encoder provided in each joint 7 to 9. . Further, the control device 10 increases the control processing time t by a predetermined time ⁇ t (a time corresponding to the cycle of the control cycle) (STEP 9), and ends the processing in FIG.
- the mouth port 1 moves so as to follow the target gait while autonomously securing its posture. Will move.
- control device 10 controls the electromagnetic valve 27 provided for each leg 3 as shown in the flowchart of FIG.
- the control device 10 immediately shifts the leg 3 from the landing state to the leaving state according to the currently set gait parameters (movement mode of the mouth port 1, stride length, movement speed, etc.). Stipulates the time (period) for maintaining the compressed state of the bag-like member 19 in the compressed state, and the time (period) for controlling the opening of the solenoid valve 27 after releasing the maintenance of the compressed state.
- Set the valve opening time Topen (S TE P 11). In this case, basically, the higher the moving speed of the robot 1, the shorter the compression state holding time Thold is set.
- the valve opening time Topen is basically set to a longer time as the moving speed of the robot 1 is faster. However, the sum of the compression state holding time Thold and the valve opening time Topen is a time shorter than the time during which the leg 3 is maintained in the leaving state.
- control device 10 controls the time Tsup during which the leg 3 is in the supporting leg period (when the foot mechanism 6 is in contact with the grounding member 17 or the bag-like member 19 via (STE P 1 2).
- the controller 10 determines whether or not the current time t (the elapsed time from the gait switching point) is within the period of 0 ⁇ t ⁇ Tsup + Thold, that is, the foot mechanism of the leg 3.
- the control device 10 controls the solenoid valve 27 to close (STEP 14).
- step 13 if 0 ⁇ t ⁇ Tsup + Thold, that is, if the state after the end of the supporting leg period of the leg 3 and after the compression state holding time Thold has passed, The control device 10 determines whether or not the current time t satisfies T sup + Thold ⁇ t ⁇ T sup + T hold + T open (STEP 15). At this time, if Tsup + Thold ⁇ t and Tsup + Thold + Topen, the control device 10 controls the solenoid valve 27 to open (STEP 16).
- control device 10 is not Tsup + Thold ⁇ t ⁇ Tsup + ⁇ hold + ⁇ open (in this case, basically, the bag of the leg 3
- the solenoid valve 27 is controlled to close (STEP 17) when the member 19 is in a state just before the ground contacts again.
- the electromagnetic valve 27 starts from the start of the support leg period of the leg 3 and after the end of the support leg period. Until the compressed state holding time Thold elapses, the valve is held closed including the entire time of the supporting phase. Therefore, in this state, air in the atmosphere cannot flow into the bag-shaped member 19. Also, the solenoid valve 27 is held open for the opening time Topen during the swinging period of the leg 3 (in a state where the entire foot mechanism 6 including the bag-shaped member 19 is separated from the floor A). In this state, air in the atmosphere can flow into the bag-shaped member 19 through the fluid pipe 24 into the bag-shaped member 19.
- the operation and effect of the landing shock absorbing device 18 will be described.
- the bag-like member 19 is used. Is grounded. Then, the bag-like member 19 is compressed by the floor reaction force acting on the bag-like member 19 as the landing movement of the leg 3 progresses.
- the air in the bag-like member 19 is compressed and pressurized, and flows out through the flow hole 21 and the fluid pipe 23. You. Then, at this time, an outflow resistance of the air is generated in the flow hole 21. As a result, the kinetic energy of the leg 3 is attenuated. In this case, a part of the kinetic energy of the leg 3 is converted into elastic energy of the air and absorbed by the elasticity of the air as the compressible fluid, and the elastic energy is further converted to the bag-like member 1. Dissipated by air spill resistance from 9.
- the impact load (landing impact) during the landing operation of the leg 3 is reduced while avoiding an instantaneous sudden change in the floor reaction force acting on the leg 3 via the bag-shaped member 19.
- the bag-like member 19 is deformable and deformed and compressed along the shape of the floor A, so that it is greatly affected by the shape of the floor A and the posture of the foot mechanism 6 immediately before landing. The impact of landing can be reduced without causing damage to the bag-like member 19 and the like.
- the bag-shaped member 19 is compressed until the foot mechanism 6 comes into contact with the ground via the front and rear contact members 17 (the state where the landing operation of the leg 3 is completed).
- the sack-shaped member 19 tries to expand due to its own shape restoring force due to the leaving movement of the leg 3, but as described above, the solenoid valve 27 ends the end of the supporting leg period of the leg 3. Thereafter, the valve is held closed until the compression state holding time T hold elapses. For this reason, the foot mechanism 6 is in contact with the ground via the grounding member 17 immediately after the start of the lifting operation of the leg 3, and the grounding member 17 of the foot mechanism 6 is separated from the floor A. Therefore, the air in the atmosphere cannot flow into the bag-shaped member 19 until the compressed state holding time T hold elapses. Therefore, after the foot mechanism 6 shifts from the landing state to the leaving state, the bag-shaped member 19 does not expand until the compression state holding time T hold elapses.
- the solenoid valve 27 is opened and held for the valve opening time T open.
- the bag-shaped member 19 is restored to its natural state. While expanding by the force, the air in the atmosphere flows into the inside through the fluid line 24.
- the valve opening time T open is set to a time equal to or less than the time required for the bag-shaped member 19 to expand to its natural state. Therefore, the height of the inflated bag-like member 19 at the time when the valve opening time T open has elapsed corresponds to the valve opening time T open. Then, with the bag-like member 19 inflated, the landing operation of the leg 3 is performed again, and the landing impact at the time of the landing operation is reduced as described above. .
- the landing shock absorbing device 18 of the present embodiment By the operation of the landing shock absorbing device 18 of the present embodiment as described above, the landing impact at the time of the landing operation of each leg 3 can be reduced. In this case.
- the floor reaction force is concentrated on a desired portion of the foot mechanism 6 by controlling the posture of the foot mechanism 6 when the foot mechanism 6 is in the landing state without applying a floor reaction force to the bag-shaped member 19.
- the floor reaction force can be concentrated on the front end of the foot mechanism 6 when the robot 1 is about to fall forward. As a result, the posture of the mouth pot 1 can be easily stabilized.
- the solenoid valve 27 is left open while the leg 3 is on the ground, air from the atmosphere will flow into the bag-like member 19. (The bag-like member 19 always tries to expand.) Therefore, a floor reaction force always acts on the bag-like member 19. For this reason, the floor reaction force cannot be concentrated on a desired portion of the foot mechanism 6, and the stability of the posture of the lopot 1 by the posture control of the foot mechanism 6 in the landing state is likely to be limited.
- the limit of stabilizing the posture of the mouth port 1 can be increased as described above.
- the leg 3 was shifted from the landing state to the leaving state. Immediately after, the compressed state is maintained, so that when the foot mechanism 6 of the leg 3 separates from the floor A, the bag-like member 19 does not expand and touch the floor A. . As a result, it is possible to smoothly release the leg 3 from the floor 3 without causing a stumbling.
- the time for which the bag-like member 19 is maintained in the compressed state immediately after the leg 3 has shifted to the floor release state that is, the compressed state holding time T hold is determined as the moving speed of the robot 1 increases. Since it is short, it can be kept to the minimum necessary time. Therefore, it is possible to sufficiently secure time for inflating the bag-shaped member 19 thereafter.
- the height of 19 (this is the size of the bag-like member 19 in the compression direction) is defined by the valve opening time T open (time for allowing air to flow into the bag-like member 19).
- the valve opening time T open is set according to the gait parameters, and is basically set to a longer time as the moving speed of the mouth port 1 is faster. Therefore, the higher the moving speed of the robot 1, the higher the height of the bag-shaped member 19 immediately before the landing movement of the leg 3.
- the effect of reducing the landing impact by the landing shock absorbing device 18 can be made suitable for the gait form of the robot 1.
- the wearer can smoothly wear regardless of the gait form of the robot 1.
- Floor impact can be reduced.
- the landing shock absorbing device 18 of the present embodiment can also provide the following effects. That is, since the fluid that enters and exits the inside of the bag-like member 19 is air of a compressive fluid, the landing impact buffering device 18 can be made lightweight. Furthermore, the pressure inside the bag-like member 19 during the landing movement of the leg 3 Since it does not increase instantaneously and rises with a certain time constant, it is possible to avoid a sudden change in floor reaction force. Further, the air flowing out of the bag-shaped member 19 when the bag-shaped member 19 is compressed is released into the atmosphere, and when the bag-shaped member 19 is inflated, new air is released from the air. Since the gas flows into the bag 19, heat generated due to the resistance of air to flow out of the bag 19 does not accumulate in the bag 19. In other words, the landing shock absorber 18 has a good heat radiation property, and it is not necessary to provide a heat release device such as a radiator.
- the effect of operation control can be enhanced. That is, in controlling the operation of the composite compliance of the mouth port 1, as described above, the moment component of the actual total floor reaction force around the horizontal axis (hereinafter, referred to as the actual total floor reaction force moment) is used. The position and posture of each foot mechanism 6 are corrected so as to follow the compensating total floor reaction force moment (including the case where the compensating total floor reaction chamoment is “0”) as the target value of the moment component. You.
- such a composite compliance operation control allows the landing position and posture of the foot mechanism 6 to be adjusted to the floor A surface, and the posture of the robot 1 to be adjusted. This is to ensure stability.
- the compliance gain in the composite compliance operation control that is, the actual total floor reaction force moment and the compensation total floor reaction force It is preferable to increase the amount of change in the target landing position and posture of the foot mechanism 6 with respect to the change in deviation from the moment (the amount of change in the rotation angle of the ankle joint 9).
- the loop gain of the composite compliance operation control (this is roughly the same as the compliance gain and the spring mechanism of the foot mechanism 6)
- the control member tends to be unstable due to an increase in the product of the ground member 17, the elastic member 16, and the total spring constant of the landing shock absorber 18)).
- the spring constant of the air in the bag-like member 19 of the landing shock absorbing device 18 of the present embodiment decreases with the compression of the bag-like member 19 immediately after the contact with the ground, so that the loop gain decreases. .
- the stability of the composite compliance operation control can be ensured. Therefore, the ability to follow the actual total floor reaction force moment to the compensated total floor reaction force moment can be improved, and as a result, the stability of the posture of the mouth port 1 can be enhanced.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the main part of the present embodiment. Note that the present embodiment differs from the first embodiment only in a part of the control processing of the solenoid valve 27, and therefore, the same reference numerals as those in the first embodiment are used. The description of the same components as those in the first embodiment is omitted.
- the opening / closing timing of the solenoid valve 27 is determined based only on the time information. However, the actual grounding timing (the foot mechanism) at the time of the landing operation of the leg 3 of the mouth pot 1 is performed. If the time when the bag-like member 19 of 6 touches the ground) is later than the scheduled time, the control device 10 actively lowers the foot mechanism 6 in order to quickly land the leg 3. Let it. For this reason, a landing impact greater than normal is likely to occur during the landing operation of the foot mechanism 6.
- the control device 10 controls the solenoid valve 27 as shown in the flowchart of FIG. 7 in STEP 6 of FIG. That is, in the present embodiment, the control device 10 is: After executing the same processing as the processing of STEP 11 and STEP 12 of FIG. 5 in the first embodiment in STEP 21 and STEP 22, in STEP 23, the current time t is 0 ⁇ It is determined whether or not t ⁇ Tsup, that is, whether or not the current time t is within the supporting leg period of the leg 3. At this time, if 0 ⁇ t and Tsup, the control device 10 further connects the foot mechanism 6 of the leg 3 to the ground via the grounding member 17 or the bag-like member 19.
- Step 24 It is determined whether or not it is (STEP 24). This determination is made, for example, based on the output of the six-axis force sensor 15. If the foot mechanism 6 is in contact with the step 24, the solenoid valve 27 is controlled to close (STEP 25). If the foot mechanism 6 is not grounded in STEP 24, the solenoid valve 27 is controlled to open (STEP 26).
- step 23 if 0 ⁇ t and not Tsup, the control device 10 then performs the same determination processing as the step 15 of FIG. 5 in the first embodiment, that is, In step 27, it is determined whether or not the current time t is Tsxip + Thold ⁇ t ⁇ Tsup + T hold + Topen. Then, in accordance with the result of the determination, the opening and closing control of the solenoid valve 27 is executed by the STEP 28 or the STEP 29 in the same manner as in the first embodiment. In this case, in this embodiment, the state where Tsup + T hold ⁇ t ⁇ Tsup + Thold + Topen in STEP 27 does not include the state where Tsupt ⁇ Tsup + Thold. In a state where ⁇ t ⁇ Tsup + Thold, the solenoid valve 27 is controlled to be closed in STEP 29 as in the first embodiment.
- the foot mechanism 6 is connected to the landing member 17 or
- the solenoid valve 27 is controlled to open.
- the solenoid valve 27 does not necessarily have to be fully opened, but may be controlled to be, for example, half open.
- the solenoid valve 27 is controlled to be opened, the bag-shaped member whose expansion has been interrupted by closing the solenoid valve 27 when the valve opening time T open has elapsed in the state where the leg 3 is released from the floor. As the 19 expands again, air flows into the inside of the bag-like member 19 and the height of the bag-like member 19 increases. As a result, even when the foot mechanism 6 of the leg 3 is quickly lowered to contact the ground, the landing impact of the leg 3 can be reliably reduced.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram schematically showing a main part of a foot mechanism provided with the landing shock absorbing device of the present embodiment
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the main part of the present embodiment.
- the foot mechanism is the same as that of the first embodiment except for the configuration relating to the landing shock absorber
- FIG. 8 shows only the main configuration of the foot mechanism. ing.
- the same reference numerals as in the first embodiment will be used for the same components or the same functional portions as in the first embodiment, and the description will be omitted.
- a plate member 28 is fixedly provided on the bottom surface inside bag-like member 19 attached to the bottom surface of foot plate member 12.
- a mouth member 29 extending upward from the member 28 slidably penetrates the foot plate member 12 in the vertical direction (compression direction of the bag-like member 19). It protrudes above the plate member 12. Obedience
- the length of the protruding portion of the rod member 29 (hereinafter referred to as the protruding amount) increases as the bag-like member 19 is compressed, and is increased according to the height of the bag-like member 19.
- the projecting portion of the rod member 29 is provided with a sensor for detecting the amount of protrusion and, consequently, the height of the bag member 19 (the size of the bag member 19 in the compression direction).
- the linear potentiometer 30 is mounted, and the output signal of the linear potentiometer 30 controls the opening and closing of the solenoid valve 27 of the inflow / outflow means 20 having the same configuration as that of the first embodiment. In order to be performed by the control device 10, it is input to the control device 10.
- the configuration other than that described above is the same as that of the first embodiment.
- the control device 10 controls the solenoid valve 27 as shown in the flowchart of FIG. 9 in the step 6 of FIG. That is, the control device 10 first sets the compression state described in the first embodiment in accordance with the currently set gait parameters (movement mode, step length, movement speed, etc. of the robot 1).
- the method of setting the compression state holding time Thold is the same as in the first embodiment.
- the target inflation height Hcmd is basically set to a larger value as the moving speed of the port 1 is faster.
- the target inflation height Hcmd is equal to or less than the height of the bag-like member 19 in the natural state.
- the control device 10 controls the support leg time when the leg 3 is in the support leg period based on the currently set gait parameters. Find Tsup (S TE P 32). Next, the control device 10 determines whether or not the current time t (the elapsed time from the gait switching point) is within the period of 0 ⁇ t ⁇ Tsup + Thold (STEP 33). At this time, if 0 ⁇ t ⁇ Tsup + Thold, the control device 10 controls the solenoid valve 27 to close (STEP 34). The processing of STEPs 33 and 34 is the same as the processing of STEPs 13 and 14 in FIG. 5 of the first embodiment.
- the controller 10 further outputs the actual height of the bag-shaped member 19 of the bag-shaped member 19 based on the output of the linear potentiometer 30.
- the height Hact is detected (STEP 35), and the detected height Hact is compared with the target expansion height Hcmd (STEP 36).
- the controller 10 controls the opening of the solenoid valve 27 (STEP 37), and closes the solenoid valve 27 when Hact ⁇ Hcmd. Control (STE P 38).
- the bag-like member 19 is maintained in the compressed state immediately after the landing state of the leg 3 and the transition from the landing state to the leaving state. This is exactly the same as the first embodiment.
- the bag-like member 19 when the bag-like member 19 is inflated after the solenoid valve 27 is opened in the state where the leg 3 is released from the floor, the actual height Hact of the bag-like member 19 changes with the gait parameters.
- the solenoid valve 27 is controlled to close, and the flow of air into the bag-like member 19 is shut off.
- the height of the bag-like member 19 before landing of the robot 1 is controlled to the target inflation height Hcmd.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the main part of the present embodiment. Note that the present embodiment is different from the third embodiment only in a part of the control process of the solenoid valve 27, and therefore, the same reference numerals as those in the first embodiment are used. The description of the same components as those of the third embodiment is omitted.
- the control device 10 controls the solenoid valve 27 in the STEP 6 of FIG. 4 as shown in the flowchart of FIG. That is, the control device 10 executes the same processing as the processing of STEPs 31 and 32 in FIG. 9 in the third embodiment in STEPs 41 and 42, and then in STEP 43, It is determined whether or not the time t satisfies 0 ⁇ t ⁇ Tsup, that is, whether or not the current time t is within the supporting leg period of the leg 3.
- the control device 10 further connects the foot mechanism 6 of the leg 3 to the ground via the grounding member 17 or the bag-like member 19. It is determined whether or not it is (STEP 44) This determination is made, for example, based on the output of the six-axis force sensor 15. Then, when the foot mechanism 6 is grounded in the step 44, the solenoid valve 27 is controlled to close (STEP 45).
- the control device 10 increases the currently set target expansion height Hcmd (STEP 46).
- the increment of the target expansion height Hcmd is, for example, a predetermined unit increment.
- the control device 10 detects the current actual height Hact of the bag-shaped member 19 of the bag-shaped member 19 from the output of the linear potentiometer 30 (STEP 47), and detects the detected height. H act Compare with the target inflation height Hcmd (STE P 48). Then, the controller 1 0, when it is H ac t ⁇ Hcmd is opened controls the electromagnetic valve 2 7 (STEP 4 9), when it is Hact ⁇ Hcmd is closed the solenoid valve 2 7 Control (STEP 45).
- the control device 10 next determines whether or not the current time t is Tsup ⁇ t and Tsup + Thold ( STEP 5 0). At this time, if Tsup t ⁇ Tsup + Thold, the control device 10 controls the solenoid valve 27 to close (STEP 51). If Tsup ⁇ T and Tsup + Thold are not satisfied, the controller 10 executes the processing from the STEP 47 described above, and the actual height Hact and the target inflation height of the bag-like member 19 are obtained. The solenoid valve 27 is controlled to open and close based on the comparison with Hcmd.
- the opening / closing control of the solenoid valve 27 described above, when the foot mechanism 6 is grounded via the grounding member 17 or the bag-shaped member 19 during the supporting leg period of the leg 3, In the case where the leaving / landing operation of the leg 3 is performed according to the schedule, the opening and closing control of the solenoid valve 27 is performed in the same manner as in the third embodiment. Therefore, in this case, the operation and effect of the landing shock absorbing device 18 of the present embodiment are the same as those of the third embodiment.
- the supporting leg period of the leg 3 (0 ⁇ t ⁇ Tsup )
- the foot mechanism 6 is not grounded via the grounding member 17 or the bag-shaped member 19, that is, for example, the bag-shaped member 19 of the leg 3 during the landing operation of the leg 3
- the target expansion height Hcmd is increased, and the solenoid valve 27 is controlled to open.
- the opening of the solenoid valve 27, that is, the inflow of air into the bag-like member 19 continues until the actual height of the bag-like member 19 reaches the target inflation height Hcmd.
- the height of the bag-shaped member 19 is adjusted according to the original gait form.
- the bag-shaped member 19 is inflated so as to be larger than the height.
- the upper limit of the height of the bag-shaped member 19 when inflated is determined by the upper limit of the bag-shaped member 19. Height in natural state.
- the bag-shaped member 19 of the leg 3 when the bag-shaped member 19 of the leg 3 is not yet grounded at the time when the bag-shaped member 19 of the leg 3 should be grounded during the landing operation of the leg 3, the bag-shaped member 1 Since air flows into the interior of 9 and the height of the bag-like member 1 9 is increased, the foot mechanism 6 of the leg 3 is quickly brought into contact with the ground. The landing impact of the body 3 can be reliably reduced.
- the height H act of the bag-like member 19 is detected by the linear potentiometer 30.However, a distance measuring sensor using a laser beam or the like is used. You may make it detect.
- the pressure inside the bag-shaped member 19 when inflated is generally correlated with the height of the bag-shaped member 19, the pressure inside the bag-shaped member 19 is detected by a pressure sensor, and the detection is performed.
- the opening and closing of the solenoid valve 27 may be controlled based on the pressure to control the height of the bag-shaped member 19 when inflated.
- the bag-like member 19 is maintained in a compressed state, or the bag-like member 19 is controlled to a height when inflated.
- the inflow of air into the member 19 was controlled by controlling the air through the solenoid valve 27, in order to control the expansion and contraction of the bag-like member 19, for example, a mechanism as shown in FIG. 11 was used.
- an electromagnetic means as shown in FIG. 12 may be used. Note that FIGS. 11 and 12 show only the main configuration of the foot mechanism 6 as in FIG.
- a plate member 31 is fixedly provided on the bottom surface inside the bag-like member 19, and extends upward from the plate member 31.
- the installed mouth member 3 2 is the foot plate member 1 2 slidably penetrates in the vertical direction (compression direction of the bag-like member 19), and protrudes above the foot plate member 12.
- a one-way clutch mechanism 33 is mounted on the rod member 32, and the one-way clutch mechanism 33 is in the compression direction of the bag-shaped member 19 (the direction in which the rod member 32 moves upward).
- the rod member 3 is controlled by a command or the like given from the controller 10.
- the bag-shaped member 19 is brought into a compressed state by the landing operation of the leg 3 (the foot mechanism 6 is moved via the front and rear ground members 17). Immediately after the leg 3 shifts from the landing state to the leaving state (after the landing, the solenoid valve 27 is opened from the closed state and immediately after the transition to the leaving state in the first to fourth embodiments). Until the timing of switching to the above), the bag member 19 can be maintained in a compressed state by locking the rod member 32 by the one-way clutch mechanism 33 as in the first to fourth embodiments. You. In this case, by locking the rod member 32, the bag-like member 19 can be more reliably maintained in the compressed state.
- the one-way clutch mechanism 33 uses the one-way clutch mechanism 33 to load the rod member at the timing when the solenoid valve 27 is switched from the open state to the closed state in the first to fourth embodiments.
- the height of bag-like member 19 can be more reliably controlled to a desired height.
- a plate-shaped magnetic body 34 is fixed to the bottom surface inside the bag-shaped member 19, and the top surface portion (foot) inside the bag-shaped member 19 is fixed.
- An electromagnet 35 is fixed to the lower surface of the flat plate member 12).
- FIG. 13 is a diagram schematically showing a main part of a foot mechanism provided with the landing shock absorbing device of the present embodiment
- FIG. 14 is a front view for explaining the operation of the main part of the present embodiment
- FIG. 15 is a timing chart for explaining the operation of the main part of the present embodiment.
- the foot mechanism is the same as that of the first embodiment except for the configuration relating to the landing impact absorbing device.
- FIG. 13 only the main configuration of the foot mechanism is shown. It has been described.
- the same reference numerals as in the first embodiment denote the same components or the same functional portions as in the first embodiment, and a description thereof will be omitted.
- a bag-shaped member 19 is connected to the inside of a bag-shaped member 19 attached to the bottom of the foot plate member 12. Inflow and outflow of a fluid conduit 35 derived from the member 19 and an electromagnetic proportional valve 36 provided in the fluid conduit 35 and capable of controlling the opening by the control device 10 Means 37 are provided.
- a pressure sensor 38 is provided inside the bag-like member 19, and a distance measuring sensor 39 for detecting the height of the bag-like member 19 is provided on the foot plate member 12. Have been.
- the distance measuring sensor 39 detects the height of the bag-like member 19 using, for example, a laser beam.
- the outputs (detection signals) of these sensors 38 and 39 are input to the controller 10. Structures other than those described above are the same as those of the first embodiment.
- control process of the control device 10 is different from that of the first embodiment only in the process of STEP 6 in FIG.
- the electromagnetic proportional valve 36 is controlled for each leg 3 as shown in the flowchart of FIG.
- the patterns of the target pressure Pcmd and the target height HHcmd are set, for example, as shown in FIGS. 15 (a) and 15 (b), respectively.
- the target height HHcmd is a period T a immediately after the start of the supporting leg phase (immediately after the contact of the bag-shaped member 19 of the foot mechanism 6) (this period is basically the same as that of the foot mechanism). 6 is a period until completely grounding via the front and rear grounding members 17) is set so as to monotonically decrease from the initial value HHcmdO to “0”.
- the target height HHcmd is “ It is kept at "0".
- HHcmd 0 is the height of the bag-like member 19 in a state where the foot mechanism 6 is grounded via the front and rear grounding members 17 and the bag-like member 19 is completely compressed.
- the target height HHcmd is increased to a predetermined value HHcmdl from the lapse of the period Tb to the end of the swing period, and is finally maintained at the predetermined value HHcmdl.
- the predetermined value HHcmdl corresponds to the target height Hcmd in the third and fourth embodiments.
- the initial value HHcmdO of the target height HHcmd at the start of the support leg period corresponds to the final target height HHcmd (HHcmdl) in the swing period before the support leg period.
- the final target height HHcmdl in the swing phase, the length of the period Tb, and the like are determined by the first to fourth results. As in the embodiment, it is set according to the moving speed of the mouth pot 1 and the like.
- the target pressure Pcmd is basically set so as to temporarily increase from “0” and then decrease to “0” during the above-mentioned period Ta at the beginning of the supporting leg period of the leg 3. Is done.
- the maximum value of the target pressure Pcmd during the swing phase is set according to the gait parameters, and basically, the higher the moving speed of the robot 1, the higher the maximum value of the target pressure Pcmd Is set to be large.
- This determination is made, for example, based on the detected value of the actual pressure Pact by the six-axis force sensor 15 or the pressure sensor 38. Then, when the foot mechanism 6 is in contact with the ground, the controller 10 determines the instantaneous target pressure Pcmd and the instantaneous target height HHcmd obtained in STEP 63 above.
- kl and k2 in equation (1) are predetermined positive gain coefficients.
- the valve opening is forcibly set to 0 (the closed state of the electromagnetic proportional valve 36).
- the controller 10 sets the instantaneous target height HHcmd obtained in STEP 63 and the bag shape detected in STEP 64.
- the opening of the proportional solenoid valve 36 is controlled based on the actual height Hact of the member 19 (STEP 67).
- the control device 10 determines the valve opening by, for example, the following equation (2), and controls the electromagnetic proportional valve 36 to the valve opening.
- k3 in the equation (2) is a predetermined positive gain coefficient t.
- the valve opening degree of the electromagnetic proportional valve 36 By controlling the valve opening degree of the electromagnetic proportional valve 36 as described above, in other words, by controlling the flow of air into the bag-shaped member 19, the grounding state of the foot mechanism 6 (including the bag-shaped member 19), That is, in the supporting leg period of the leg 3, basically, the actual pressure Pact in the bag-like member 19 and the actual height Hact of the bag-like member 19 are approximately the target pressure Pcmd and the target height, respectively. It changes to follow the pattern of HHcmd. In the non-ground state of the foot mechanism 6, that is, in the swinging phase of the leg 3, the actual height Hact of the bag-shaped member 19 changes so as to follow the pattern of the target height HHcmd.
- the leg 3 is moved from the landing state. It is basically maintained in a compressed state until immediately after it has moved out of bed.
- the bag-like member 19 expands to a height corresponding to the gait parameters defining the gait form of the robot 1. Therefore, the same operational effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained.
- the actual pressure Pact in the bag-shaped member 19 is controlled so as to substantially follow the target pressure Pcmd corresponding to the gait parameter, so that the The effect of reducing the landing impact by the floor impact buffering device 18 can be adapted to the gait form of the robot 1.
- the valve opening of the electromagnetic proportional valve 36 is determined by the above equation (1).
- equation (1) the following equation (3) or equation (4) ) May be used to determine the valve opening.
- Valve opening kl ⁇ (Pact— Pcmd) ⁇ k2-HHcmd ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ (3)
- the actual pressure Pact in the bag-like member 19 and the actual height Hact of the bag-like member 19 Can be varied to generally follow the pattern of the target pressure Pcmd and the target height HHcmd, respectively.
- the pattern of the target pressure Pcmd and the target height HHcmd is set.
- the electromagnetic proportional valve 36 may be controlled so as to follow the Hact.
- the valve opening of the electromagnetic proportional valve 36 may be determined by, for example, the above equation (2).
- FIG. 6 is a sectional view of a side view of the foot mechanism provided with the landing shock absorbing device of the present embodiment. Note that the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment only in the configuration of a part of the foot mechanism and the configuration of a part of the landing shock absorber. The same components or the same functional portions are denoted by the same reference numerals as those in the first embodiment, and description thereof will be omitted.
- a tubular member 13 having a rectangular cross section similar to that of the first embodiment is fixed to the upper surface of the foot mechanism 6, and the first member 13 is provided in the tubular member 13.
- a bag-like member 19 (variable volume body) which is open in an upward direction in the same barrel shape as the bag-like member of the embodiment is accommodated.
- the bottom surface of the bag-shaped member 19 is fixed to the foot plate member 12 in the cylindrical member 13.
- a bottomed movable tubular member 40 is accommodated above the bag-like member 19, and the movable tubular member 40 extends along the inner peripheral surface of the tubular member 13. It is provided for vertical movement.
- the open end of the bag-like member 19 is fixed to the bottom of the movable tubular member 40. Therefore, the movable tubular member 40 is connected to the foot plate member 12 via the bag-shaped member 19. Further, two flow holes 41 and 42 are formed in the bottom of the movable cylindrical member 40 so as to communicate with the inside of the bag-shaped member 19. These flow holes 4 1 and 4 2 are throttle passages.
- a movable plate 43 movable substantially vertically along the inner peripheral surface thereof is accommodated inside the movable cylindrical member 40.
- the movable plate 43 has a lower peripheral surface formed of a spring, rubber, or the like. It is connected to the bottom of the movable tubular member 40 via a plurality of elastic members 44 (shown as springs in the figure) made of a flexible material.
- the ankle joint 9 of the leg 3 is connected to the upper surface of the movable plate 43 via a 6-axis force sensor 15.
- an inflow / outflow means 20 including the flow holes 41 and 42 is provided.
- the inflow / outflow means 20 has the basic configuration described in the first embodiment.
- a fluid line 23 connected to the flow hole 41 and led out of the flow hole 41; a check valve 25 provided in the fluid line 23; It is provided with a fluid conduit 24 connected to the through hole 42 and led out of the through hole 42, and a check valve 26 and a solenoid valve 27 provided in the fluid conduit 24. is there.
- the ends of the fluid conduits 23 and 24 are open to the atmosphere.
- the inflow / outflow means 20 and the bag-like member 19 constitute the landing shock absorbing device 18 of the present embodiment.
- the bag-shaped member 19 is extended by the weight of the foot plate member 12 and the like when the leg 3 is out of the floor, so that the movable tubular member 40 becomes the tubular member 13. It is made of a non-porous material that is difficult to expand beyond the expanded state (natural state) shown so that it does not fall out of the room. Or, the movable tubular member 40 is structurally prevented from falling off the tubular member 13. Configurations other than those described above (including the control process of the control device 10) are the same as those of the first embodiment.
- the landing shock absorbing device 18 of the present embodiment configured as described above, when the foot mechanism 6 of the leg 3 is grounded via the grounding member 17 during the landing operation of the leg 3, The air in the bag-shaped member 19 flows out through the flow hole 41 while the bag-shaped member 19 is compressed. At this time, since the flow passage 41 is a throttle passage, an outflow resistance occurs. By the operation of the landing shock absorbing device 18 of the present embodiment, the landing impact at the time of the landing operation of the leg 3 is reduced as in the first and second embodiments.
- the bag-shaped member 6 remains in the bag-like shape until immediately after the foot mechanism 6 shifts from the landing state to the leaving state. Member 19 is maintained in a compressed state. Further, when the foot mechanism 6 leaves the floor, the bag-like member 19 expands to a desired height. Thereby, the same operation and effect as in the first embodiment can be obtained.
- the air flow control to the bag-like member 19 is performed as in the first embodiment.
- the bag-like member 1 is controlled similarly to the second to fourth embodiments. It is also possible to control the flow of air into 9.
- the bag-shaped member 19 is provided as the variable volume member.
- the cylindrical member 13 is formed in a cylindrical shape (cylinder tube shape), and the movable cylindrical member 40 is formed in a piston shape. It is also possible to form it as a variable volume body in the space below the movable cylinder member 40 in the cylinder member 13.
- air is used as the fluid that enters and exits the variable volume body.
- the fluid may be a liquid such as hydraulic oil. . Industrial applicability
- the present invention can easily secure the stability of the posture of the robot while reducing the impact load at the time of the landing operation of the legs of the leg-type moving port, such as a bipedal moving robot. Therefore, the present invention is useful as a device capable of providing a landing shock absorbing device having a lightweight configuration.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Robotics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Manipulator (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP02788802A EP1466704B1 (en) | 2001-12-25 | 2002-12-11 | Device for absorbing floor-landing shock for legged mobile robot |
US10/499,117 US6967456B2 (en) | 2001-12-25 | 2002-12-11 | Device for absorbing floor-landing shock for legged mobile robot |
DE60231654T DE60231654D1 (de) | 2001-12-25 | 2002-12-11 | Vorrichtung zum absorbieren von bodenaufprallstössen für mobilen roboter mit beinen |
KR1020047009956A KR100917352B1 (ko) | 2001-12-25 | 2002-12-11 | 다리식 이동로봇의 착상충격 완충장치 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2001392788A JP3652643B2 (ja) | 2001-12-25 | 2001-12-25 | 脚式移動ロボットの着床衝撃緩衝装置 |
JP2001-392788 | 2002-12-25 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2003055650A1 true WO2003055650A1 (fr) | 2003-07-10 |
Family
ID=19188690
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2002/012981 WO2003055650A1 (fr) | 2001-12-25 | 2002-12-11 | Dispositif d'absorption du choc du contact avec le sol de robot mobile dote de jambes |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6967456B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1466704B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3652643B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100917352B1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE60231654D1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2003055650A1 (ja) |
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CN105501326A (zh) * | 2015-12-17 | 2016-04-20 | 常州大学 | 仿人机器人两自由度串联减振机械足 |
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US11981031B2 (en) * | 2016-08-18 | 2024-05-14 | The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | Systems and methods for controlling robotic behaviors |
CN106428287B (zh) * | 2016-10-28 | 2018-09-21 | 河海大学常州校区 | 含双腔气囊脚趾的柔性腿式机器人脚部结构 |
CN106428288B (zh) * | 2016-10-28 | 2018-09-21 | 河海大学常州校区 | 具有地形自适应能力的机器人脚装置 |
CN106347519B (zh) * | 2016-11-13 | 2018-07-27 | 吉林大学 | 一种自适应沙地仿生机械足 |
CN107128392B (zh) * | 2017-05-04 | 2019-02-15 | 河海大学常州校区 | 一种适应软土地面的气动式机器人脚掌 |
CN108100074B (zh) * | 2017-12-25 | 2020-06-05 | 中科新松有限公司 | 一种机器人的足部结构 |
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CN111591364B (zh) * | 2020-05-12 | 2022-05-06 | 上海交通大学 | 被动电磁式可重复缓冲机器人腿系统及缓冲机器人 |
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- 2002-12-11 DE DE60231654T patent/DE60231654D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-12-11 US US10/499,117 patent/US6967456B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-12-11 KR KR1020047009956A patent/KR100917352B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-12-11 WO PCT/JP2002/012981 patent/WO2003055650A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2002-12-11 EP EP02788802A patent/EP1466704B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1466704A1 (en) | 2004-10-13 |
EP1466704A4 (en) | 2008-02-13 |
JP2003191183A (ja) | 2003-07-08 |
KR20040074100A (ko) | 2004-08-21 |
KR100917352B1 (ko) | 2009-09-16 |
EP1466704B1 (en) | 2009-03-18 |
US20050077856A1 (en) | 2005-04-14 |
JP3652643B2 (ja) | 2005-05-25 |
US6967456B2 (en) | 2005-11-22 |
DE60231654D1 (de) | 2009-04-30 |
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