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WO2002040471A2 - Tetrahydrobenzazepine derivatives useful as modulators of dopamine d3 receptors (antipsychotic agents) - Google Patents

Tetrahydrobenzazepine derivatives useful as modulators of dopamine d3 receptors (antipsychotic agents) Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002040471A2
WO2002040471A2 PCT/EP2001/013140 EP0113140W WO0240471A2 WO 2002040471 A2 WO2002040471 A2 WO 2002040471A2 EP 0113140 W EP0113140 W EP 0113140W WO 0240471 A2 WO0240471 A2 WO 0240471A2
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Prior art keywords
formula
compound
group
optionally substituted
ring
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Application number
PCT/EP2001/013140
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French (fr)
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WO2002040471A9 (en
WO2002040471A3 (en
Inventor
Michael Stewart Hadley
Andrew P. Lightfoot
Gregor James Macdonald
Geoffrey Stemp
Original Assignee
Smithkline Beecham P.L.C.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Priority claimed from GB0027784A external-priority patent/GB0027784D0/en
Priority claimed from GB0031082A external-priority patent/GB0031082D0/en
Priority to EP01996537A priority Critical patent/EP1335915B1/en
Priority to KR10-2003-7006463A priority patent/KR20030045187A/en
Priority to DE60132235T priority patent/DE60132235T2/en
Priority to BR0115328-5A priority patent/BR0115328A/en
Priority to IL15587301A priority patent/IL155873A0/en
Priority to CA002428844A priority patent/CA2428844A1/en
Priority to HU0302264A priority patent/HUP0302264A2/en
Priority to JP2002543482A priority patent/JP4272423B2/en
Application filed by Smithkline Beecham P.L.C. filed Critical Smithkline Beecham P.L.C.
Priority to AU2002223034A priority patent/AU2002223034B2/en
Priority to MXPA03004243A priority patent/MXPA03004243A/en
Priority to US10/416,377 priority patent/US7429579B2/en
Priority to NZ525771A priority patent/NZ525771A/en
Priority to AU2303402A priority patent/AU2303402A/en
Priority to PL01362992A priority patent/PL362992A1/en
Publication of WO2002040471A2 publication Critical patent/WO2002040471A2/en
Publication of WO2002040471A3 publication Critical patent/WO2002040471A3/en
Priority to NO20032161A priority patent/NO20032161L/en
Publication of WO2002040471A9 publication Critical patent/WO2002040471A9/en

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    • C07D223/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing seven-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D223/16—Benzazepines; Hydrogenated benzazepines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/55—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole
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    • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
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    • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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    • C07D405/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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    • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
    • C07D413/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
    • C07D413/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
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    • C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
    • C07D417/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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    • C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems
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    • C07D495/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D495/04—Ortho-condensed systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to novel tetrahydrobenzazepine derivatives, processes for their preparation, intermediates used in these processes, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their use in therapy, as modulators of dopamine D3 receptors, in particular as antipsychotic agents.
  • Rl, R ⁇ and R ⁇ are each inter alia hydrogen;
  • X is ter alia (CH2)mNR ⁇ CO;
  • m is 2-4; and
  • Ar ⁇ is an optionally substituted heterocychc ring or an optionally substituted phenyl ring.
  • the compounds are said to be useful as antiarrhythmic agents.
  • EPA 431,580 describes compounds which are said to be dopaminergic agents useful as antipsychotics, antihypertensives, etc.
  • WO 95/10513 describes benzothiophene derivatives and related compounds as estrogen agonists.
  • EP 0 494 623 Al discloses acridine derivatives of the following general formula:
  • A is O, S, a bond or CH ⁇ NR ⁇ ;
  • B represents an optionally substituted C ⁇ _4alkylene chain, m is 1 or 2;
  • R ⁇ is H or alkyl and
  • R ⁇ P is H or ⁇ ? and R? together from a group (CH2) n where n is 1 or 2.
  • the preferred compounds are tetrahydroisoquinoline acridines. These compounds are disclosed as being capable of sensitizing multidrug-resistant cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents. There appears to be no disclosure that these compounds have affinity for dopamine D3 receptors or could be used in the treatment of psychotic conditions.
  • WO 93/03025 (EP 0 596 120), WO 93/13105 (EP 0 596 125) and JP 07070135-A (all Yoshitomi Pharmaceutical Industries) disclose antipsychotic thiophene and condensed thiophene compounds.
  • WO 93/20099 (Ferring) discloses CCK and/or gastrin receptor ligands to treat ulcers, anxiety, psychoses, etc.
  • WO 98/07421 (Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha) discloses cycloalkyl-isoquinolinone and isoindolinone compounds as inhibitors of amino-peptidase N-enzyme.
  • WO98/51671, WO 99/64412, WO 00/24717 (all SmithKline Beecham pic), N.E. Austin et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 1999, 9(2), 179-184, G. Stemp et al, J. Med. Chem., 2000, 43(9), 1878-1885, C. Reavill et al, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 2000, 294(3), 1154- 1165, and CR. Ashby et al., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 2000, 294(3), 1166-1174, disclose tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives having affinity for the dopamine D3 receptor.
  • WO98/51671, WO 99/64412, WO 00/24717 all SmithKline Beecham pic
  • N.E. Austin et al. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 1999, 9(2), 179-184, G. Stemp et al
  • 00/21950 discloses isoindoles having similar activity.
  • Other D3 modulators are disclosed in WO 96/30333, WO 97/47602, WO 94/03426, WO 94/24129, WO 95/00508, WO 95/16674, WO 95/21165, WO 95/22542, WO 97/00243 (all SmithKline Beecham) and in K.Y. Avenell, et al, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett, 1999, 9(18), 2715-2720, K.Y. Avenell et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 1998, 8(20), 2859-2864, 1. Boyfield et al, Bioorg. Med. Chem.
  • WO 00/42036 discloses a series of 1,2,4-triazoles linked by various linking groups to tetrahydroisoquinolmes or isoindoles, which are disclosed as having affinity for the dopamine D3 receptor.
  • Other alleged D3 modulators are disclosed in WO 00/42037, WO 00/42038, DE 19728996 Al, WO 96/02519, WO 97/25324, WO 96/02249, WO 96/02246, WO 96/02520 and DE 4425146 (all BASF).
  • WO 00/21951 discloses tetrahydrobenzazepine compounds of the following formula:
  • Rl and R ⁇ are independently H or various substituents; q is 1 or 2; and A represents a group of the formula (a), (b), (c) or (d): — Ar -Y— Ar (CH,) — V— (CH 2 LAr
  • Ar represents an optionally substituted phenyl ring or an optionally substituted 5- or 6- membered aromatic heterocychc ring; or an optionally substituted bicyclic ring system
  • Ar and ⁇ 2 each independently represent an optionally substituted phenyl ring or an optionally substituted 5- or 6- membered aromatic heterocychc ring
  • Y represents a bond or various linking groups
  • r and s independently represent an integer from zero to 3 such that the sum of r and s is equal to an integer from 1 to 4
  • N is a bond, O or S.
  • WO 01/23357 discloses benzazepine derivatives useful in the treatment of diseases, conditions or disorders mediated by integrin derivatives, for example atherosclerosis, restenosis, inflammation, cancer, osteoporosis and the like. There appears to be no disclosure that these compounds have affinity for dopamine D3 receptors or could be used in the treatment of psychotic conditions.
  • R2 and R ⁇ independently represent: a hydrogen or halogen atom; a hydroxy, cyano, nitro, oxime, Ci _4alkyl, C ⁇ alkoxy, arylC ⁇ _4alkoxy, C ⁇ alkylthio, C ⁇ _4alkoxyC ⁇ _4alkyl, C3-6 c ycloalkylC ⁇ _4alkoxy, C ⁇ _4alkanoyl, C ⁇ _4alkoxycarbonyl, C ⁇ _4alkylsulfonyl, C ⁇ _4alkylsulfonyloxy, C ⁇ _4alkylsulfonylC ⁇ _4alkyl, arylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyloxy, arylsulfonylC ⁇ _4alkyl, C ⁇ alkylsulfonamido, Ci-4alkylarnido, C ⁇ .4alkylsulfonamidoC ⁇ _4alky
  • R ⁇ R ⁇ NSO2(CH2) in which p represents zero or an integer from 1 to 4, and (for all four groups) each of R ⁇ and R ⁇ independently represents a hydrogen atom or a C ⁇ _4alkyl group, or (in groups R 5 CON(R 6 )(CH 2 ) p , R 5 R 6 NCO(CH 2 ) p and R 5 R 6 NSO 2 (CH 2 ) p ) R5CONR6 or R ⁇ R ⁇ N together form a 4-,5-,6- or 7-membered azacyclic group optionally containing one additional O, N or S atom in the azacycle and having 3-8 carbon atoms (including the carbon atoms contained in any optional substituent(s) of the azacycle); or a group Ar ⁇ -Z, wherein Ar ⁇ represents an optionally substituted phenyl ring or an optionally substituted 5- or 6- membered aromatic heterocychc ring and Z represents a bond, O, S, SO 2 or CH2;
  • Rl and R4 independently represent H, F, Cl, Br, C ⁇ _2 lkyl, C1 alkoxy, OH, CN, or
  • an "alkyl” group or moiety may be straight or branched, and includes alkyl groups with one, two, three or more fluorine substituents.
  • Alkyl groups which may be employed include methyl, trifluoromethyl, ethyl, pentafluoroethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl and any branched isomers thereof such as isopropyl, t-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, and the like.
  • alkoxy includes methoxy, trifluoromethoxy, ethoxy, and oxy derivatives of the alkyls listed above.
  • Alkylsulfonyl such as C1 _4alkylsulfonyl includes methylsulfonyl (methanesulfonyl), ethylsulfonyl, trifiuorornethanesulfonyl, pentafluoroethylsulfonyl, and others derived from the alkyls listed above.
  • Alkylsulfonyloxy such as C ⁇ _4alkylsulfonyloxy includes methanesulfonyloxy (methylsulfonyloxy), trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy, ethanesulfonyloxy, pentafluoroethanesulfonyloxy et al.
  • Cycloalkyl for example C3_ cycloalkyl, includes cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl, and the like.
  • a halogen atom present in the compounds of formula (I) may be fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.
  • B represents a sulfur atom.
  • t represents 3 .
  • B is a sulfur atom and t is 3 and the invention is a compound of formula (LA) or a salt thereof:
  • A represents an optionally substituted 5- or 6- membered aromatic heterocychc ring, or an optionally substituted bicyclic heterocychc aromatic ring system (i.e. both rings of the optionally substituted bicyclic heterocychc ring system are aromatic). It is preferred that A represents an optionally substituted 5- or 6- membered aromatic heterocychc ring, and more preferred that A is an optionally substituted 5- membered aromatic heterocychc ring.
  • A is selected from one of the groups (i), (ii) or (iii):
  • X 1 and X 2 are independently N or CR 8 , and X 3 is NR 8 , O or S;
  • Y 1 and Y 3 are independently N or CR 9 , and Y 2 is NR 9 , O or S;
  • Z 1 is NR 10 , O or S, and Z 2 and Z 3 are independently N or CR 10 ; and wherein:
  • R? is H, a halogen atom, OH, cyano, nitro, Ci _4alkyl, C ⁇ _4.alkoxy, C ⁇ _ 4alkylenedioxy, Ci _4alkanoyl, or C ⁇ _4alkylsulfonyl, an optionally substituted 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-membered cycloalkyl ring, or a group of the formula (a), (b), (c) or (d):
  • Ar represents an optionally substituted phenyl ring or an optionally substituted 5- or 6- membered aromatic heterocychc ring; or an optionally substituted bicyclic ring system,
  • Ar 1 and Ar 2 each independently represent an optionally substituted phenyl ring or an optionally substituted 5- or 6- membered aromatic heterocychc ring
  • Y represents a bond, -NHCO-, -CONH-, -CH 2 -, or -(CH 2 ) m Y A (CH2) n -
  • Y A represents O, S, SO2, or CO
  • m and n each represent zero or 1 such that the sum of m+n is zero or 1
  • r and s independently represent an integer from zero to 3 such that the sum of r and s is equal to an integer from 1 to 4
  • V represents a bond, O or S
  • R 9 is H, a halogen atom, OH, cyano, nitro, Ci ⁇ alkyl, C ⁇ _4alkoxy, C ⁇ .
  • R 8 is H, OH or C ⁇ _2 alkyl, provided that R 8 is H or C ⁇ 2 a lkyl when R 8 is linked to N;
  • RIO is H, OH, Ci.galkyl, hydroxy-substituted Ci _6alkyl, C ⁇ _2alkoxyC ⁇ _4alkyl, phenylC1_.4a.kyl, a 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-membered cycloalkyl ring, or phenyl; wherein in phenyl, phenylC ⁇ _4alkyl or cycloalkyl the ring is optionally substituted by one or two fiuoro or C ⁇ alkyl groups; and provided that R ⁇ is not OH when R 0 is linked to N.
  • the rings or ring systems Ar, Ar or Ar 2 are preferably each independently optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from: a halogen atom, or a hydroxy, oxo, cyano, nitro, Ci _4alkyl, C i _4alkoxy, C i _4alkylenedioxy, C ⁇ _4alkanoyl, C ⁇ alkylsulfonyl, C ⁇ _4alkylsulfonyIoxy, Ci ⁇ alkylsulfmyl, C ⁇ _ 4 alkylthio, R 13 SO 2 N(R 14 )-, R1 3 R1 4 NSO 2 -, R 13 R 14 N-, R 13 R 14 NCO-, or Rl CON(R 14 )- group wherein each of R 13 and R 14 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a C 1.4 alkyl group, or R ⁇ 3 R ⁇ together form a
  • Ar and Ar 2 may be independently optionally substituted by one or more 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocychc rings, e.g. as defined below, optionally substituted by a Ci _2 alkyl or R1 3 R! 4 N- group; wherein R ⁇ 3 and R 4 are as defined above.
  • substituents positioned ortho to one another may be linked to form a 5- or 6- membered ring.
  • Ar and Ar 2 are optionally substituted phenyl rings, and here linking two ortho substituents can for example form a benzoxazinone ring system.
  • the rings Ar, Ar ⁇ , or Ar 2 are each independently unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents selected from: a halogen atom, or a cyano, Ci _ 2alkyl (e.g. methyl or trifluoromethyl), C _ 2 alkoxy (e.g. methoxy or trifluoromethoxy), C ⁇ _2 a lkylenedioxy (e.g. methylenedioxy), C2-3alkanoyl (e.g. acetyl), C2alkanoylamino (e.g.acetylamino), Cialkylsulfonyl (e.g.
  • Cialkylsulfonyloxy e.g. methylsulfonyloxy
  • Cialkylaminosulfonyl e.g. methylaminosulfonyl
  • Ci all ylsulfonylamino e.g. methylsulfonylamino
  • Cialkylaminocarbonyl e.g. methylaminocarbonyl
  • the 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-membered cycloalkyl ring in e.g. R ⁇ , R 9 , and (later) R* 1 can, unless stated otherwise, be independently optionally substituted by one or two F or C ⁇ _2 alkyl groups or a R ⁇ R ⁇ N- group; wherein each of R ⁇ and R 0" independently represents a hydrogen atom or a C ⁇ _4 alkyl group, or R!5R16 together form a C3.6 alkylene chain.
  • R ⁇ is not H. It is advantageous that R ⁇ is a group of the formula (a), (b), (c) or (d). It is thought that these R ⁇ aryl-containing groups help to increase the compound's affinity (binding) to the dopamine D3 receptor. More advantageously, R7 is a group of the formula (a), (b) or (c). Still more advantageously, R ⁇ is a group of the formula (a) or (b).
  • R ⁇ represents a group of formula (a) or (b), and Ar or Ar is optionally substituted phenyl, there is either no substituent present in Ar or Ar ⁇ para to the 5-membered heterocycle illustrated in group (i), (ii) or (iii) or such j ⁇ r ⁇ substituent is a either fluoro or Ci alkyl (e.g. CF3) group. A fluoro or no substituent at su.ch.para position is preferred.
  • R? being an optionally substituted 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-membered cycloalkyl ring, such as an optionally substituted cyclohexyl ring, is also advantageous.
  • R 9 is not taken together with R? and the intervening ring atoms to form part of an optionally substituted 5-, 6-, or 7-membered carbocyclic or heterocychc ring. More preferably, R 9 is H or a group of the formula (a) as defined herein, still more preferably H or optionally substituted phenyl.
  • Ar is preferably optionally substituted phenyl, quinolinyl e.g. 2-, 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-quinolinyl, furyl e.g. 2- furyl, thienyl e.g. 2-thienyl, pyridyl e.g. 4-pyridyl, indolyl, pyrazolopyrimidyl e.g. pyrazolo[l,5-a]pyrimidyl, cinnolinyl, benzo[b]furanyl or pyrrolopyridyl.
  • R is optionally substituted phenyl in particular unsubstituted phenyl or fluorophenyl (e.g. 4-fluorophenyl), or optionally substituted quinolinyl e.g. 6-quinolinyl.
  • R? and/or R 9 is/are a group of formula (b)
  • JI is preferably optionally substituted phenyl
  • Y is preferably a bond
  • Ar 2 is preferably optionally substituted phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, or a 5-membered heterocychc aromatic ring containing at least one N and one O atom e.g. isoxazolyl, oxazolyl or oxadiazolyl.
  • Ar is optionally substituted phenyl (preferably phenyl), Y is a bond, and Ar 2 is optionally substituted phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, isoxazolyl, oxazolyl or oxadiazolyl.
  • Ar 2 is optionally substituted isoxazolyl e.g. isoxazol-5-yl (i.e. l,2-oxazol-5-yl), oxazolyl e.g. l,3-oxazol-2-yl, or oxadiazolyl e.g. l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl.
  • Ar 2 has no substituents or is substituted by a C ⁇ alkyl e.g. methyl group, this optional substituent preferably being situated two Ar 2 -ring-atoms from the connection point to the Ar ⁇ -Y- e.g. Ar - group.
  • Ar 2 being 5 -methyl- 1,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl (see e.g. Example 30), 5-methyl-l,3-oxazol-2-yl or 4-methyl-l,3-oxazol-2- yl is preferred.
  • Ar 2 -Y- is advantageously joined to the atom of the Ar ring two atoms removed from the Ar ⁇ atom connected to the main A ring. So, for example, where Ar* is optionally substituted phenyl, Ar 2 -Y- is preferably joined to the met ⁇ -position of the phenyl ring relative to the main (e.g. triazolyl, imidazolyl) A ring. See for example Example 30 hereinafter.
  • R and/or R 9 especially R7, is/are a group of formula (c)
  • preferred examples of Ar include optionally substituted phenyl.
  • R? and/or R 9 especially R?, is/are a group of formula (d), preferably r is 1 or 2, N is a bond, and S is zero; i.e. group (d) is -(CH2) r -Ar where r is 1 or 2.
  • R 9 together with R? and the intervening atoms of the 5-membered heterocychc ring illustrated in groups (i), (ii) or (iii) form part of an optionally substituted 5-, 6-, or 7-membered carbocyclic or heterocychc ring the latter ring is preferably a 6- membered ring, more preferably a phenyl ring (e.g. see Examples 18 and 23).
  • RIO is preferably H, C ⁇ alkyl or cyclopropyl, more preferably H or Ci alkyl (e.g. methyl or trifluoromethyl).
  • X and X 2 are independently ⁇ or CR 8 , and X 3 is ⁇ R 8 . More preferably, ⁇ l and X 2 are independently ⁇ and X 3 is ⁇ R 8 .
  • Y 1 and Y 3 are independently ⁇ or CR 9 , and Y 2 is ⁇ R 9 .
  • Z ⁇ is ⁇ R ⁇ O. and Z 2 and Z 3 are independently ⁇ .
  • group (i) the tautomeric form shown in group (i) is preferred.
  • group (i) it is preferred that one or both of X* and Y is ⁇ .
  • x x ⁇ X and ⁇ l/Y 2 /Y 3 advantageously are or contain a ring heteroatom, ideally a ⁇ atom, for optimum D3 binding.
  • B is a sulfur atom
  • t is 3
  • A is group (i)
  • TP is ⁇ R.10.
  • SO that A is optionally substituted l,2,4-triazol-3-yl and the invention is a compound of formula (IB) or a salt thereof:
  • R 7 is a group of formula (a), in particular an optionally substituted bicyclic ring or an optionally substituted phenyl ring, more particularly, quinolinyl, e.g. 2- , 3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-quinolinyl.
  • B is a sulfur atom
  • t is 3 and A is group (i)
  • ⁇ l is N
  • ⁇ l is CR 9
  • 2 ⁇ is NR*0
  • R 9 is not taken together with R ⁇ and the intervening ring atoms to form part of an optionally substituted 5-, 6-, or 7-membered carbocyclic or heterocychc ring.
  • A is optionally substituted imidazol-2-yl.
  • R 7 is a group of formula (a), in particular an optionally substituted bicyclic ring or an optionally substituted phenyl ring, more particularly, quinolinyl, e.g. 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-quinolinyl.
  • B is a sulfur atom, t is 3 and A is group (i), ⁇ l is CR 8 , Y is N and l ⁇ is NR ⁇ , so that the invention is a compound of Formula (ID) or a salt thereof:
  • A is optionally substituted imidazol-4-yl or -5-yl, and preferably R 8 is H.
  • R 7 is a group of formula (a), in particular an optionally substituted bicyclic ring or an optionally substituted phenyl ring, more particularly, quinolinyl, e.g. 2- , 3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-quinolinyl.
  • A is the following group (iv):
  • Rl 1 has the same (essential and preferable) definitions as ⁇ herein (but including H in the definitions where H is excluded from R7);
  • X 4 is CR ⁇ 2a or N, X ⁇ is CRl2b or N, and
  • X 6 is CR 12c or N provided that both X 4 and X 5 are not N; and wherein Rl2a,b,c. independently of each other, are as defined for the optional substituents of group A described below (i.e.
  • R ⁇ 1 has the same definition(s) as R ⁇ herein (but including H in the definitions where H is excluded from R 7 );
  • X 4 is CR 12a or N,
  • X 5 is CR 12 or N, and
  • X 6 is CR1 2C or N provided that both X 4 and X ⁇ are not N;
  • R ⁇ -b.c ⁇ independently of each other, are as defined for the optional substituents of group A described below (i.e. including H as a possibility) - i.e. there is no extra optionally substituted 5-, 6-, or 7-membered carbocyclic or heterocychc ring fused to group (iv) above.
  • X 6 is N, and/or R 11 is H or C ⁇ _4alkyl (e.g. CF3).
  • An optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered heterocychc aromatic ring as defined for any of the groups A, Ar, Ar , Ar 2 or Ar 3 may contain from 1 to 4 heteroatoms, preferably from 1 to 3 heteroatoms, selected from O, N and S.
  • the ring contains 2- 4 heteroatoms, one is preferably selected from O, N and S and the remaining heteroatoms are preferably N.
  • Examples of 5 and 6-membered heterocychc groups include furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridyl, triazolyl, triazinyl, pyridazyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazolyl, isothiazolyl, and isoxazolyl.
  • group A preferred examples include triazolyl (especially l,2,4-triazol-3-yl) and imidazolyl (especially imidazol-2-yl).
  • preferred examples include furyl e.g. 2-furyl, thienyl e.g. 2-thienyl, and pyridyl e.g. 4-pyridyl.
  • bicyclic ring systems for the group A include bicyclic heteroaromatic ring systems, such as indazolyl, indolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothienyl, benzothiazolyl, benzimidazolyl e.g. benzimidazol-2-yl, benzoxazolyl e.g. benzoxazol-2-yl, benzisoxazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, quinolinyl, quinoxolinyl, quinazolinyl, cinnolinyl, or isoquinolinyl.
  • bicyclic heteroaromatic ring systems such as indazolyl, indolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothienyl, benzothiazolyl, benzimidazolyl e.g. benzimidazol-2-yl, benzoxazolyl e.g. benzoxazol-2-yl, benzisoxazolyl,
  • bicyclic ring systems for Ar include bicyclic aromatic, e.g. bicyclic heteroaromatic, ring systems such as: naphthyl e.g. 2- naphthyl, indazolyl, indolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothienyl, benzothiazolyl, benzimidazolyl e.g. benzimidazol-2-yl, benzoxazolyl e.g. benzoxazol-2-yl, benzisoxazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, quinolinyl e.g.
  • thieno[3,2-b]thiophenyl l,2-dihydro-2-oxo- quinolinyl, 3,4-dihydro-3-oxo-2H-benzoxazinyl, or l,2-dihydro-2-oxo-3H-indolyl.
  • Preferred examples include quinolinyl, e.g. 2-, 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-quinolinyl or thienopyridine.
  • the groups/rings/ring systems A or Ar 3 may each independently be optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from: a halogen atom, or a hydroxy, oxo, cyano, nitro, C ⁇ alkyl, Cj ⁇ alkoxy, C ⁇ alkylenedioxy, C ⁇ _4.alkanoyl, or C ⁇ _4alkylsulfonyl group.
  • the ring/ring system A may be optionally substituted by one or more groups of the formula (a), (b), (c), or (d) as defined herein; and/or by one or more non- aromatic 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, or 7-membered heterocychc or carbocyclic rings optionally substituted by one or two F or Ci alkyl groups or a R ⁇ R ⁇ N- group; wherein each of Rl5 and R16 " independently represents a hydrogen atom or a C ⁇ _4 alkyl group, or Rl 5R16 together form a C3-.6 alkylene chain.
  • substituents positioned ortho to one another may be linked to form a 5- or 6- membered ring.
  • the groups A or Ar 3 are each independently optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from: a halogen atom, or a cyano, C ⁇ . 2 a lkyl (e.g. methyl or trifluoromethyl), C-[_2alkoxy (e.g. methoxy), C ⁇ _2alkylenedioxy (e.g. methylenedioxy), C2-3alkanoyl (e.g. acetyl), C2alkanoylamino (e.g.acetylamino), or Cialkylsulfonyl (e.g. methylsulfonyl or trifluoromethylsulfonyl) group. It is more preferred that Ar 3 is optionally substituted by a C ⁇ alkyl (e.g. methyl) group.
  • R 2 and/or R 3 represents an arylC ⁇ _4alkoxy, arylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyloxy, arylsulfonylC ⁇ _4alkyl, arylsulfonamido, arylcarboxamido, a ⁇ ylsulfonamidoC ⁇ _4alkyl, arylcarboxamidoC ⁇ _4alkyl, aroyl, aroylC ⁇ _4alkyl, or arylC ⁇ _4alkanoyl group
  • the aryl moiety may be selected from an optionally substituted phenyl ring or an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered heterocychc ring.
  • an aryl moiety may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from hydrogen, halogen, amino, cyano, C ⁇ _4alkyl, Ci ⁇ alkylamino, C ⁇ _4dialkylamino, Ci ⁇ alkylamido, C ⁇ _4alkanoyl, or R ⁇ R ⁇ NCO where each of l ⁇ -7 and R independently represents a hydrogen atom or Ci _4alkyl group.
  • R 2 and/or R 3 independently represent the group R5C0N(R6)(CH2) D , R 5 R 6 NCO(CH 2 ) p or R 5 R 6 NSO 2 (CH 2 ) p in which R5C0NR6 or R5R 6 N together form a 4-,5-,6- or 7-membered azacyclic group, then this can be characterised by: (i) containing one additional O, N or S atom in the azacycle, for example the azacyclic group being 1,4- morpholin-4-yl and/or (ii) havingl-2 optional Cj ⁇ lkyl substituents whose carbon atoms are included in the azacyclic group's 3-8 carbon atoms.
  • One, two or more F atoms can optionally be included as substituents of the carbon atoms of the heterocycle.
  • the term 'azacyclic group' should be interpreted to cover only stable azacycles such as 1,4- morpholine and piperazine and not for example 1,3-morpholine.
  • Saturated azacycles in particular piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, 1,4-morpholinyl, and including the corresponding - oxo-azacycles R ⁇ CONR ⁇ , are preferred.
  • the substituents R 2 and R 3 may be the same or different.
  • R 2 is other than hydrogen.
  • R 2 represents a substituent selected from: a halogen atom, cyano, acetyl, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, trifluoromethoxy, Ci _4alkylsulfonyl, C ⁇ _4alkylsulfonyloxy; a R 5 R 6 NSO2 group where each of R 5 and R6 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a C ⁇ _4alkyl group, or R5R°N together form a 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-membered azacyclic group optionally containing one additional O, N or S atom in the azacycle and having 3-8 carbon atoms; or a group Ar Z, where Z is a bond and Ar 3 is an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered heterocychc aromatic ring. More preferably, R 2 represents a substituent selected from: C ⁇ alkylsulfonyl
  • azacyclic group optionally containing one additional O, N or S atom in the azacycle and having 3-8 carbon atoms (e.g. a piperidin-1-ylsulfonyl, pyrrolidin-l-ylsulfonyl or 1,4- morpholin-4-ylsulfonyl group); or a group Ar 3 Z, where Z is a bond and Ar 3 is an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered heterocychc aromatic ring.
  • R 2 represents a methylsulfonyl, ethylsulfonyl, N,N- dimethylaminosulfonyl, pyrrolidin-l-ylsulfonyl, l,4-morpholin-4-ylsulfonyl or methylsulfonyloxy group, or R 2 represents a pyrazin-2-yl, 5-methyl-oxazol-2-yl or 5- methyl-isoxazol-3-yl group.
  • R 3 is hydrogen or one of the substituents preferred for R 2 . More preferably, R 3 is hydrogen. It is preferred that at least one of R* and R 4 is H, more preferred that both Rl and
  • R 4 are H, and most preferred that R*, R 3 , and R 4 are all H.
  • salts of the compounds of the invention should be pharmaceutically (i.e physiologically) acceptable.
  • suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salts will be apparent to those skilled in the art and include for example acid addition salts formed with inorganic acids e.g. hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, nitric or phosphoric acid; and organic acids e.g. succinic, maleic, acetic, fumaric, citric, tartaric, benzoic, p-toluenesulfonic, methanesulfonic or naphthalenesulfonic acid.
  • Other non-pharmaceutically acceptable salts eg. oxalates, may be used, for example in the isolation of compounds of the invention and are included within the scope of this invention.
  • solvates, hydrates, complexes and prodrugs of compounds of the invention are also included within the scope of the invention.
  • Certain of the compounds of the invention may form acid addition salts with one or more equivalents of the acid.
  • the present invention includes within its scope all possible stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric forms.
  • Certain groups/substituents included in the present invention may be present as isomers.
  • the present invention includes within its scope all such isomers, including racemates, enantiomers and mixtures thereof.
  • a represents a group (c) the compounds may also exist as geometric isomers around the double bond; all isomers are included though trans geometry of the double bond in (c) is preferred.
  • Preferred compounds have a molecular weight of 800 or less. Still more preferred are compounds having a molecular weight of 600 or less. Generally, and without being limited thereto, such compounds may have higher oral bioavailability, and sometimes higher solubility and/or brain penetrancy.
  • Molecular weight here refers to that of the unsolvated free base compound, excluding any molecular weight contributed by addition salts, solvent (e.g. water) molecules, prodrug molecular parts cleaved off in vivo, etc.
  • Certain of the substituted heteroaromatic ring systems included in compounds of formula (I) may exist in one or more tautomeric forms.
  • the present invention includes within its scope all such tautomeric forms, including mixtures.
  • R 8 , R 9 , and/or R ⁇ is/are OH, in A groups (i), (ii) or (iii) above, the 5-membered ring can be in the keto or enol forms.
  • the compounds or salts of the invention should be interpreted as excluding those compounds (if any) which are so chemically unstable, either per se or in water, that they are clearly unsuitable for pharmaceutical use through all administration routes, whether oral, parenteral or otherwise.
  • Such compounds are known to the skilled chemist.
  • Prodrugs or compounds which are stable ex vivo and which are convertable in the mammalian (e.g. human) body to the inventive compounds are however included.
  • Particular compounds and salts according to the invention include those specifically exemplified in Table 1 and Examples 173 to 177 and those specifically exemplified and named hereinafter, for example :-
  • Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(4-methyl-5-(furan-2-yl)-4H-[l ,2,4]triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)- propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-benzo[-f]azepin-7-yl ester;
  • Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(4-methyl-5-(thiophen-2-yl)-4H-[ 1 ,2,4]triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)- propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-benzo[-i]azepin-7-yl ester;
  • Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(4-methyl-5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-[l ,2,4]triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)- propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- lH-benzo[-f]azepin-7-yl ester;
  • Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(4-methyl-5-(4-tert-butyl-phenyl)-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3- ylsulfanyl)-propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-benzo[- ]azepin-7-yl ester; Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(4-methyl-5-(5-methyl-isoxazol-3-yl)-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3- ylsulfanyl)-propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-benzo[c ]azepin-7-yl ester;
  • Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(4-methyl-5-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3- ylsulfanyl)-propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-benzo[- ]azepin-7-yl ester; Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(4-methyl-5-(quinolin-6-yl)-4H-[ 1 ,2,4]triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)- propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-benzo[- ]azepin-7-yl ester;
  • Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(4-methyl-5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)- propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- lH-benzo[ ⁇ i]azepin-7-yl ester; Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(4-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3- ylsulfanyl)-propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetiahydro-lH-benzo[- ]azepin-7-yl ester;
  • Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(4-methyl-5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)- propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahycho-lH-ber ⁇ zo[-t]azepin ⁇ 7-yl ester;
  • Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(5-phenyl-[l,3,4]oxadiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-propyl]-2,3,4,5- tetiahydro-lH-ber ⁇ zo[cf
  • Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(benzoxazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH- benzo[-f]azepin-7-yl ester; Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(4-methyl-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)-propyl]-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro- 1 H-benzo [d] azepin-7-yl ester;
  • Methanesulfonic acid 3 [3 -( 1 -methyl- lH-imidazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-propyl]-2,3 ,4,5- tetrahydro-lH-benzo[-
  • Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(2,5-dimethyl-furan-3-ylsulfanyl)-propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- lH-benzo[-f[azepitt-7-yl ester;
  • Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(lH-benzimidazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-propyI]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- lH-benzo[- )azepin-7-yl ester; Methanesulfonic acid 3 -[3 -(pyridin-3-ylsulfanyl)-propyl] -2,3 ,4,5 -tetrahydro- 1H- benzo[c Iazepin-7-yl ester;
  • Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(pyrimidin-2-ylsulfanyl)-propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH- benzo[c?]azepin-7-yl ester;
  • Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(isoquinolin-3-ylsulfanyl)-propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH- benzo[-i]azepin-7-yl ester;
  • Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(4-trifluoromethyl-pyrimidin-2-ylsulfanyl)-propyl]-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-lH-benzo[- ]azepin-7-yl ester;
  • Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(4-phenyl-pyrimidin-2-ylsulfanyl)-propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- lH-benzo[ ⁇ T]azepin-7-yl ester; Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(5-phenyl-pyridazin-3-ylsulfanyl)-propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- lH-benzo[d]azepin-7-yl ester;
  • Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(4-methyl-5-(3-cyanophenyl)-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)- propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-benzo[-/]azepin-7-yl ester; or
  • Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(4-methyl-5-((2-methyl)-quinolin-5-yl)-4H-[l ,2,4]triazol-3- ylsulfanyl)-propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-benzo[- lazepin-7-yl ester;
  • Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(4-methyl-5-(quinolin-3-yl)-4H-[ 1 ,2,4]triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)- propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetiahyc o-lH-benzo[d]azepin-7-yl ester;
  • Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(4-methyl-5-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3- ylsulfanyl)-propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-benzo[-i]azepin-7-yl ester;
  • Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(3-methyl-4-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3H-imidazol-2-ylsulfanyl)- propyl]-2,3 ,4,5-tetrahydro- lH-benzo [d azepin-7-yl ester; Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(3-methyl-4,5-diphenyl-3H-imidazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-propyl]-
  • Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(4-methyl-5-(2-fluoro-phenyl)-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)- propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- lH-benzo[ ⁇ J
  • Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(4-methyl-5-(3-fluoro- ⁇ henyl)-4H-[ 1 ,2,4]triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)- propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-benzo[-f]azepin-7-yl ester;
  • morpholine refers to 1,4-morpholine.
  • These compounds may for example be in the form of their free base or pharmaceutically (i.e. physiologically) acceptable salts thereof.
  • the present invention also provides a process for preparing a compound of formula (I) or a salt thereof wherein B is a sulfur atom and t is 3, i.e. a compound of formula (LA), which process comprises: (a) reacting a compound of formula (H):
  • W is a halogen atom or a trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy group, or W is a group M selected from a boron derivative (e.g. a boronic acid function B(OH)2) or a metal function such as trialkylstannyl (e.g.
  • W* is a halogen atom or a trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy group when W is a group M or W is a group M as defined above when W is a halogen atom or a trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy group; or
  • R to R 4 and Ar are as herein defined, W is as defined in (c) above, and A ⁇ is the same as herein defined for group A but has a substituent Ar ⁇ -W (illustrated) instead of one of the one or more substituents of formula (b) present in the product compound; with a compound Ar -Wl, wherein W is a halogen atom or a trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy group when W is a group M, or W is a group M when W as defined in (c) above is a halogen atom or a trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy group;
  • Process (a) may be effected using conventional methods for the formation of a thioether.
  • the leaving group X can be a halogen atom such as chlorine.
  • X can be a sulfonyloxy group such Ci _4alkylsulfonyloxy (e.g. methanesulfonyloxy or phenyl, an optionally substituted 5- or 6- membered aromatic heterocychc ring, or an optionally substituted bicyclic ring system, preferably optionally substituted phenyl, wherein in each case the optional substituents are one or more C
  • a base such as lithium hydroxide in a solvent such as N,N-dimefhylformamide.
  • the invention also provides a compound of formula (LI):
  • R to R 4 are as herein defined, provided that Rl to R 4 are not all H, and X is a leaving group.
  • "Leaving group” is as understood by a skilled chemist, i.e. a group which can be displaced by a nucleophile in e.g. a Sj ⁇ or S ⁇ l type reaction.
  • X can be as hereinabove defined. Specific examples of interest are given in the Descriptions hereinafter.
  • Reaction of a compound of formula (IN) with Ar -Wl according to process (b), or a compound of formula (NL) with Ar 2 -Wl according to process (e), may be effected in the presence of a transition metal e.g., palladium catalyst such as bis- triphenylphosphinepalladium dichloride or tetr ⁇ Hs-triphenylphosphinepalladium (0).
  • a transition metal e.g., palladium catalyst such as bis- triphenylphosphinepalladium dichloride or tetr ⁇ Hs-triphenylphosphinepalladium (0).
  • M represents a boronic acid function such as B(OH)
  • the reaction may be carried out under basic conditions, for example using aqueous sodium carbonate in a suitable solvent such as dioxane.
  • M is trialkylstannyl
  • the reaction may be carried out in an inert solvent, such as xylene or dioxane optionally in the presence of LiCl.
  • M is a zinc or magnesium halide
  • the reaction may be effected in an aprotic solvent such as tetrahy ⁇ rofuran.
  • the substituent W is preferably a halogen atom such as bromine, or a sulfonyloxy group such as trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy; and W is preferably a group M, such as trialkylstannyl or B(OH)2-
  • the reagent serving to introduce the group Ar 3 is preferably a compound of formula Ar 3 -Hal, wherein Hal is a halogen atom.
  • the reaction may be effected in the presence of a base, such as potassium carbonate, in a solvent such as NJN- dimethylformamide.
  • Interconversion reactions according to process (d) may be effected using methods well known in the art.
  • a compound of formula (LI) may itself be prepared by reacting a compound of formula (V I):
  • R to R 4 are as hereinbefore defined; with a compound of formula (NLfl): LCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 X
  • X is as herein defined and L is a leaving group, e.g., a bromine atom.
  • L is a leaving group, e.g., a bromine atom.
  • the compound may be prepared by conversion of a ketone, R 7 COMe to R 7 COCH2NH2 by standard methods and reacting the aminoketone with MeNCS (or other RlO-NCS) to give the desired imidazole (Acta. Chem. Scand., 1969, 23, 2879).
  • MeNCS or other RlO-NCS
  • the compound of formula (Lfl) is an imidazole such as
  • the compound used to make the compounds of Formula (IC), may be prepared either by chlorosulfonation of the parent imidazole, followed by reduction of the CISO2- group to the HS- group (J. Het. Chem., 1998, 35, 141), or by conversion of the corresponding imidazolone (Tetrahedron, 1989, 45, 6375) to the imidazolthione with for example P2S5 or Lawesson's reagent (J. Med. Chem., 1993, 36, 3371).
  • Compounds of formula (IN), (N) or (NL) may be prepared by processes analogous to (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e) described above.
  • Compounds Ar 2 Wl, Ar 3 W ⁇ and Ar Hal are commercially available or may be prepared by standard methods.
  • Conversion of a compound of formula (NIL) where R 2 or R 3 is a cyano or acetyl group to a compound of formula (NLL) where R 2 or R 3 is a group Ar Z, where Ar is an oxadiazole or an isoxazole ring and Z is a bond may be carried out by (i) conversion of (VJ ) to a ⁇ -Boc protected compound of formula (LX), where R* to R 4 are as hereinbefore defined, using standard methods; (ii) conversion of R 2 or R 3 from cyano to oxadiazolyl using known methods, or conversion of acetyl to isoxazolyl using known methods; and (iii) deprotection of a compound of formula (LX) to a compound of formula (NLI) using standard methods.
  • R 19 ethyl, ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylamino, pyrollidin-1-yl ( — N ),
  • Suitable secondary amine protecting groups which can be present in the protected derivatives are known to the skilled chemist and include alkyloxycarbonyl (e.g. N-tert-butyloxycarbonyl, Boc) and alkanoyl (e.g. acetyl or trifluoroacetyl).
  • the protected derivatives can be prepared using the standard protecting group chemistry on compound (X); for example by using the methods of Descriptions 3 (for Boc protection) or 12 (for acetyl protection) or by changing the protecting group used in the Descriptions (for other protecting groups).
  • the present invention also provides a compound of Formula (XL):
  • pyrazin-2-yl compounds and derivatives can be prepared for example by the methods of Descriptions 27 and 28.
  • the present invention also provides a process for preparing a compound of formula (L) or a salt thereof, which process comprises:
  • Compounds of formula (I) have been found to exhibit affinity for dopamine receptors, in particular the D3 receptor, and are expected to be useful in the treatment of disease states which require modulation of such receptors, such as psychotic conditions. Many of the compounds of formula (I) have also been found to have greater affinity for dopamine D3 than for D2 receptors.
  • antipsychotic agents neuroroleptics
  • eps extrapyramidal side effects
  • Preferred compounds of the present invention are therefore those which have higher (e.g. >10x or >1 OOx higher) affinity for dopamine D3 than dopamine D2 receptors (such affinity can be measured using standard methodology for example using cloned dopamine receptors - see herein). Said compounds may advantageously be used as selective modulators of D3 receptors.
  • the compounds of formula (I) are of potential use as antipsychotic agents for example in the treatment of schizophrenia, schizo-affective disorders, psychotic depression, mania, paranoid and delusional disorders. Furthermore, they could have utility as adjunct therapy in Parkinsons Disease, particularly with compounds such as L-DOPA and possibly dopaminergic agonists, to reduce the side effects experienced with these treatments on long term use (e.g. see Schwartz et al., Brain Res. Reviews, 1998, 26, 236- 242). From the localisation of D3 receptors, it could also be envisaged that the compounds could also have utility for the treatment of substance abuse where it has been suggested that D3 receptors are involved (e.g. see Levant, 1997, Pharmacol. Rev., 49, 231-252).
  • Examples of such substance abuse include alcohol, cocaine, heroin and nicotine abuse.
  • Other conditions which may be treated by the compounds include dyskinetic disorders such as Parkinson's disease, neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism and tardive dyskinesias; depression; anxiety, cognitive impairment including memory disorders such as Alzheimers disease, eating disorders, sexual dysfunction, sleep disorders, emesis, movement disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, amnesia, aggression, autism, vertigo, dementia, circadian rhythm disorders and gastric motility disorders e.g. LBS.
  • the present invention provides a method of treating a condition for which modulation (especially antagonism/inhibition) of dopamine receptors (especially dopamine D3 receptors) is beneficial, which comprises administering to a mammal (e.g. human) in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically (i.e physiologically) acceptable salt thereof.
  • a mammal e.g. human
  • Such conditions in particular include psychoses/psychotic conditions such as schizophrenia, and substance abuse.
  • the invention also provides the use of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a condition in a mammal for which modulation (especially antagonism/inhibition) of dopamine receptors (especially dopamine D3 receptors) is beneficial.
  • the invention also provides a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in the treatment of a condition in a mammal for which modulation (especially antagonism/inhibition) of dopamine receptors (especially dopamine D3 receptors) is beneficial.
  • D3 antagonists according to the present invention is in the treatment of psychoses such as schizophrenia or in the treatment of substance abuse.
  • the invention provides a method of treating a psychotic condition (e.g. schizophrenia) or substance abuse which comprises administering to a mammal (e.g. human) in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) as herein defined or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • a psychotic condition e.g. schizophrenia
  • substance abuse comprises administering to a mammal (e.g. human) in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) as herein defined or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a psychotic condition (e.g. schizophrenia) or substance abuse in a mammal.
  • a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in the treatment of a psychotic condition (e.g. schizophrenia) or substance abuse in a mammal.
  • a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use as an active therapeutic substance in a mammal, e.g. for use in the treatment of any of the conditions described herein.
  • Treatment includes prophylaxis, where this is appropriate for the relevant condition(s).
  • the compounds of the present invention are usually admimstered as a standard pharmaceutical composition.
  • the present invention therefore provides in a further aspect a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically (i.e physiologically) acceptable salt thereof and a pharmaceutically (i.e physiologically) acceptable carrier.
  • the pharmaceutical composition can be for use in the treatment of any of the conditions described herein.
  • the compounds of formula (I) may be administered by any convenient method, for example by oral, parenteral (e.g. intravenous), buccal, sublingual, nasal, rectal or transdermal administration and the pharmaceutical compositions adapted accordingly.
  • the compounds of formula (I) and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts which are active when given orally can be formulated as liquids or solids, for example syrups, suspensions or emulsions, tablets, capsules and lozenges.
  • a liquid formulation will generally consist of a suspension or solution of the compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt in a suitable liquid carrier(s) for example an aqueous solvent such as water, ethanol or glycerine, or a non-aqueous solvent, such as polyethylene glycol or an oil.
  • a suitable liquid carrier(s) for example an aqueous solvent such as water, ethanol or glycerine, or a non-aqueous solvent, such as polyethylene glycol or an oil.
  • the formulation may also contain a suspending agent, preservative, flavouring or colouring agent.
  • a composition in the form of a tablet can be prepared using any suitable pharmaceutical carrier(s) routinely used for preparing solid formulations.
  • suitable pharmaceutical carrier(s) routinely used for preparing solid formulations.
  • suitable pharmaceutical carrier(s) include magnesium stearate, starch, lactose, sucrose and cellulose.
  • a composition in the form of a capsule can be prepared using routine encapsulation procedures.
  • pellets containing the active ingredient can be prepared using standard carriers and then filled into a hard gelatin capsule; alternatively, a dispersion or suspension can be prepared using any suitable pharmaceutical carrier(s), for example aqueous gums, celluloses, silicates or oils and the dispersion or suspension then filled into a soft gelatin capsule.
  • compositions consist of a solution or suspension of the compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt in a sterile aqueous carrier or parenterally acceptable oil, for example polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, lecithin, arachis oil or sesame oil.
  • a sterile aqueous carrier or parenterally acceptable oil for example polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, lecithin, arachis oil or sesame oil.
  • the solution can be lyophilised and then reconstituted with a suitable solvent just prior to administration.
  • Compositions for nasal administration may conveniently be formulated as aerosols, drops, gels and powders.
  • Aerosol formulations typically comprise a solution or fine suspension of the active substance in a pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous or non- aqueous solvent and are usually presented in single or multidose quantities in sterile form in a sealed container, which can take the form of a cartridge or refill for use with an atomising device.
  • the sealed container may be a unitary dispensing device such as a single dose nasal inhaler or an aerosol dispenser fitted with a metering valve which is intended for disposal once the contents of the container have been exhausted.
  • the dosage form comprises an aerosol dispenser, it will contain a propellant which can be a compressed gas such as compressed air or an organic propellant such as a fluoro- chlorohydrocarbon.
  • the aerosol dosage forms can also take the form of a pump-atomiser.
  • compositions suitable for buccal or sublingual administration include tablets, lozenges and pastilles, wherein the active ingredient is formulated with a carrier such as sugar and acacia, tragacanth, or gelatin and glycerin.
  • Compositions for rectal administration are conveniently in the form of suppositories containing a conventional suppository base such as cocoa butter.
  • compositions suitable for transdermal administration include ointments, gels and patches.
  • composition is in unit dose form such as a tablet, capsule or ampoule.
  • Each dosage unit for oral administration contains preferably from 1 to 250 mg (and for parenteral administration contains preferably from 0J to 25 mg) of a compound of the formula (L) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof calculated as the free base.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable compounds of the invention will normally be administered in a daily dosage regimen (for an adult patient) of, for example, an oral dose of between 1 mg and 500 mg, preferably between 10 mg and 400 mg, e.g. between 10 and 250 mg or an intravenous, subcutaneous, or intramuscular dose of between 0J mg and 100 mg, preferably between 0J mg and 50 mg, e.g. between 1 and 25 mg of the compound of the formula (L) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof calculated as the free base, the compound being administered 1 to 4 times per day.
  • the compounds will be administered for a period of continuous therapy, for example for a week or more.
  • the ability of the compounds to bind selectively to human D2/D3/D4 dopamine receptors can be demonstrated by measuring their binding to constants (Kj) of test compounds for displacement of [l ⁇ LJJodosulpride binding human D2/D3 and [ 3 H]-YM-09151 to D4 dopamine receptors expressed in CHO cells were determined as follows. The cell lines were shown to be free from bacterial, fungal and mycoplasmal contaminants, and stocks of each were stored frozen in liquid nitrogen. Cultures were grown as monolayers or in suspension in standard cell culture media.
  • Cells were recovered by scraping (from monolayers) or by centrifugation (from suspension cultures), and were washed two or three times by suspension in phosphate buffered saline followed by collection by centrifugation. Cell pellets were stored frozen at -80°C. Crude cell membranes were prepared by homogenisation followed by high-speed centrifugation, and characterisation of cloned receptors achieved by radioligand binding.
  • CHO cell membranes Preparation of CHO cell membranes: Cell pellets were gently thawed at room temperature, and resuspended in about 20 volumes of ice-cold Extraction buffer; 5mM EDTA, 50mM Trizma pre-set crystals (pH7.4@37°C), lmM MgCl2, 5mM KCl and 120mM NaCl. The suspension was homogenised using an Ultra-Turrax at full speed for 15 seconds. The homogenate was centrifuged at 18,000 r.p.m for 15 min at 4°C in a Sorvall RC5C centrifuge. Supernatant was discarded, and homogenate re-suspended in extraction buffer then centrifugation was repeated.
  • the protein content was determined using a BCA protocol and bovine serum albumin as a standard (Smith, P. K., et al., Measurement of protein using bicinchoninic acid. Anal. Biochem. 150, 76-85 (1985)).
  • Binding experiments Crude D2/D3 cell membranes were incubated with 0.03nM [ 125 LJ-Lodosul ⁇ ride (-2000 Ci/mmol; Amersham, U. K.) and D4 with 0.8nM [ 3 H]-YM-09151 ( ⁇ 85Ci/mmol; NEN, UK), and the test compound in a buffer containing 50mM Trizma pre-set crystals (pH 7.4 @ 37°C), 120mM NaCl, 5mM KCl, 2mM CaCl 2 , lmM MgC-2, 0.3% (w/v) bovine serum albumin. The total volume is 0.2ml and incubated in a water bath at 37°C for 40 minutes.
  • the exemplified compounds have pKi values within the range of 7.5 - 9.5 at the dopamine D3 receptor. Selected especially preferred compounds are as follows, with pKi values between 8.0 - 9.5. pKi results are only estimated to be accurate to about ⁇ 0.2-0.3. Examples: 1, 5, 8, 13, 14, 22, 51, 61, 63, 67, 70, 72, 74, 91, 93, 95, 96, 99, 100, 126, 130, 131, 133, 135, 137, 138, 143, 146, 168, 169, 173, 176.
  • the functional activity of compounds at human D2 and human D3 receptors may be determined using a Cytosensor Microphysiometer (McConnell HM et al Science 1992 257 1906-1912).
  • McConnell HM et al Science 1992 257 1906-1912 a Cytosensor Microphysiometer
  • cells hD2_CHO or hD3_CHO
  • FCS foetal calf serum
  • cups were loaded into the sensor chambers of the Cytosensor Microphysiometer (Molecular Devices) and the chambers perfused with running medium (bicarbonate-free Dulbecco's modified Eagles medium containing 2 mM glutamine and 44 mM NaCl) at a flow rate of 100 ul/min. Each pump cycle lasted 90s. The pump was on for the first 60s and the acidification rate determined between 68 and 88s, using the Cytosoft programme. Test compounds were diluted in running medium. Ln experiments to determine agonist activity, cells were exposed (4.5 min for hD2, 7.5 min for hD3) to increasing concentrations of putative agonist at half hour intervals. Seven concentrations of the putative agonist were used.
  • running medium bicarbonate-free Dulbecco's modified Eagles medium containing 2 mM glutamine and 44 mM NaCl
  • Peak acidification rate to each putative agonist concentration was determined and concentration-response curves fitted using Robofit [Tilford, N.S., Bowen, W.P. & Baxter, G.S. Br. J. Pharmacol. (1995), Vol. 115, 160P].
  • cells were treated at 30 min intervals with five pulses of a submaximal concentration of quinpirole (100 nM for hD2 cells, 30 nM forhD3 cells), before exposure to the lowest concentration of putative antagonist. At the end of the next 30 min interval, cells were pulsed again with quinpirole (in the continued presence of the antagonist) before exposure to the next highest antagonist concentration. Ln all, five concentrations of antagonist were used in each experiment. Peak acidification rate to each agonist concentration was determined and concentration-inhibition curves fitted using Robofit.
  • 1,2-Phenylenediacetonitrile (7.5g, 48 mmol) dissolved in ethanol (150ml) was added to Raney Ni (2g) which had been previously washed with ethanol (3x20ml). The mixture was then hydrogenated at 50°C at 50psi pressure with shaking for 24h. The reaction mixture was then cooled to room temperature and filtered through a pad of kieselguhr and washed through with ethanol (100ml). The filtrate was evaporated in vacuo to give a brown oil which was chromatographed on silica gel (lOOg), eluting with 2-10% methanol in CH2CI2 to give the title compound as a brown oil (2.45g, 35%).
  • reaction mixture was then heated at 75 °C for 2 h, cooled to 30 °C and methyl iodide (2.8 ml, 45.20 mmol) added. After stirring at 50 °C for 24 h, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and partitioned between water (50 ml) and ethyl acetate (100 ml). The aqueous layer was then separated and further extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 80 ml). The combined organics were then dried (Na2SO4) and the solvent removed in vacuo to give the title compound (1.77 g, 73 %) as a pale yellow solid.
  • This compound was prepared in a similar manner to Descriptions 14 and 15, using ethyl iodide instead of methyl iodide.
  • Trifluoroacetic anhydride (13.2 ml) was added to a solution of 7-cyano-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine (14.5 g) and triethylamine (14.2 ml) in dichloromethane (300 ml) at 0 °C.
  • the reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature over 1.5 h, then washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (300 ml), the organic layer dried and evaporated to give 3-trifluoracetyl-7-cyano-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3- benzazepine as a yellow oil (20.3 g).
  • Methyl 5,5-dimethoxyvalerate (20.0g, OJ Hmol), propane-l,3-diol (13g, 0J7mol) and para-toluene sulphonic acid (2J7g, 0.0114mol) were heated under Dean-Stark conditions in toluene (100ml) for 4 h.
  • the mixture was cooled to room temperature and diluted with diethyl ether (100ml) and then neutralized with solid sodium bicarbonate. The solid was filtered and the filtrate evaporated to give a pale yellow oil (22.3g).
  • the aqueous layer was further extracted with cold ethyl acetate (100ml) and the combined organic layers washed with brine (100ml) and then dried Na2SO4). The solvents were evaporated and the crude solid (5.56g) was used in the next step.

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Abstract

The invention provides compounds of formula (I), wherein R1-R4, A, B and t are as defined in claim 1. The compounds are modulators of dopamine D¿3? receptors and have potential in the treatment of psychotic conditions (e.g. schizophrenia) or substance abuse.

Description

TETRAHYDROBENZAZEPINE DERIVATIVES USEFUL AS MODULATORS OF DOPAMINE D3
RECEPTORS (ANTIPSYCHOT1C AGENTS)
The present invention relates to novel tetrahydrobenzazepine derivatives, processes for their preparation, intermediates used in these processes, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their use in therapy, as modulators of dopamine D3 receptors, in particular as antipsychotic agents.
Background to the Invention
US Patent No. 5,294,621 describes tetrahydropyridine derivatives of the formula:
wherein
Figure imgf000002_0001
is an optionally substituted thienyl or optionally substituted phenyl ring; Rl, R^ and R^ are each inter alia hydrogen; X is ter alia (CH2)mNR^CO; m is 2-4; and Ar^ is an optionally substituted heterocychc ring or an optionally substituted phenyl ring. The compounds are said to be useful as antiarrhythmic agents.
EPA 431,580 describes compounds which are said to be dopaminergic agents useful as antipsychotics, antihypertensives, etc. WO 95/10513 describes benzothiophene derivatives and related compounds as estrogen agonists.
EP 0 494 623 Al (Laboratoires Glaxo) discloses acridine derivatives of the following general formula:
Figure imgf000002_0002
where A is O, S, a bond or CH^NR^; B represents an optionally substituted Cι_4alkylene chain, m is 1 or 2; R^ is H or alkyl and R ~ P is H or Ε? and R? together from a group (CH2)n where n is 1 or 2. There are many examples of the chain -A-B-CH2- including -S(CH2)3-. The preferred compounds are tetrahydroisoquinoline acridines. These compounds are disclosed as being capable of sensitizing multidrug-resistant cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents. There appears to be no disclosure that these compounds have affinity for dopamine D3 receptors or could be used in the treatment of psychotic conditions.
WO 93/03025 (EP 0 596 120), WO 93/13105 (EP 0 596 125) and JP 07070135-A (all Yoshitomi Pharmaceutical Industries) disclose antipsychotic thiophene and condensed thiophene compounds. WO 93/20099 (Ferring) discloses CCK and/or gastrin receptor ligands to treat ulcers, anxiety, psychoses, etc. WO 98/07421 (Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha) discloses cycloalkyl-isoquinolinone and isoindolinone compounds as inhibitors of amino-peptidase N-enzyme. WO 97/43262, WO 98/06699, WO 98/49145, WO 98/50363, WO 98/50364,
WO98/51671, WO 99/64412, WO 00/24717 (all SmithKline Beecham pic), N.E. Austin et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 1999, 9(2), 179-184, G. Stemp et al, J. Med. Chem., 2000, 43(9), 1878-1885, C. Reavill et al, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 2000, 294(3), 1154- 1165, and CR. Ashby et al., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 2000, 294(3), 1166-1174, disclose tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives having affinity for the dopamine D3 receptor. WO
00/21950 discloses isoindoles having similar activity. Other D3 modulators are disclosed in WO 96/30333, WO 97/47602, WO 94/03426, WO 94/24129, WO 95/00508, WO 95/16674, WO 95/21165, WO 95/22542, WO 97/00243 (all SmithKline Beecham) and in K.Y. Avenell, et al, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett, 1999, 9(18), 2715-2720, K.Y. Avenell et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 1998, 8(20), 2859-2864, 1. Boyfield et al, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 1997, 7(15), 1995-1998, D. Bolton et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 1997, 7(4), 485-488 and I. Boyfield et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 1997, 7(3), 327-330.
. Other publications disclosing compounds allegedly having affinity for dopamine receptor(s) include: JP 10287631 A2 and EP 773223 Al (Adir), JP 09291034 A2 (Yoshitomi), WO 97/38989, WO 97/34889, WO 97/31916, US 5633376, WO 96/25411, WO 96/16040, and WO 96/10018 (all Neurogen), WO 97/34889 and US 5414010 (Warner-Lambert), WO 95/29891 and WO 95/08533 (Yamanouchi), and US 5478934 (Jun Yuan).
WO 00/42036 (BASF) discloses a series of 1,2,4-triazoles linked by various linking groups to tetrahydroisoquinolmes or isoindoles, which are disclosed as having affinity for the dopamine D3 receptor. Other alleged D3 modulators are disclosed in WO 00/42037, WO 00/42038, DE 19728996 Al, WO 96/02519, WO 97/25324, WO 96/02249, WO 96/02246, WO 96/02520 and DE 4425146 (all BASF).
WO 00/21951 (SmithKline Beecham) discloses tetrahydrobenzazepine compounds of the following formula:
Figure imgf000003_0001
wherein Rl and R^ are independently H or various substituents; q is 1 or 2; and A represents a group of the formula (a), (b), (c) or (d): — Ar -Y— Ar (CH,) — V— (CH2LAr
(a) (b) (c) (d) wherein Ar represents an optionally substituted phenyl ring or an optionally substituted 5- or 6- membered aromatic heterocychc ring; or an optionally substituted bicyclic ring system; Ar and χ2 each independently represent an optionally substituted phenyl ring or an optionally substituted 5- or 6- membered aromatic heterocychc ring; Y represents a bond or various linking groups; r and s independently represent an integer from zero to 3 such that the sum of r and s is equal to an integer from 1 to 4; and N is a bond, O or S. These compounds were found to exhibit affinity for dopamine D3 receptor and are disclosed as being useful in the treatment of psychotic conditions, e.g. schizophrenia.
Ν-(Cyclohexylethyl)-tetrahydrobenzazepine compounds having affinity at the D3 receptor are also disclosed in N.E. Austin et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 2000, 10, 2553-2555.
WO 01/23357 (Amgen) discloses benzazepine derivatives useful in the treatment of diseases, conditions or disorders mediated by integrin derivatives, for example atherosclerosis, restenosis, inflammation, cancer, osteoporosis and the like. There appears to be no disclosure that these compounds have affinity for dopamine D3 receptors or could be used in the treatment of psychotic conditions.
Summary of the Invention
We have now found a novel class of tetrahydrobenzazepine derivatives which have affinity for dopamine receptors, in particular the dopamine D3 receptor. These derivatives thus have potential in the treatment of conditions wherein modulation, especially antagonism/inhibition, of the D3 receptor is beneficial, e.g. as antipsychotic agents.
In a first aspect the present invention provides a compound of formula (I):
Figure imgf000004_0001
Formula (I) wherein:
R2 and R^ independently represent: a hydrogen or halogen atom; a hydroxy, cyano, nitro, oxime, Ci _4alkyl, C^alkoxy, arylCι_4alkoxy, C^alkylthio, Cι_4alkoxyCι _4alkyl, C3-6cycloalkylCι _4alkoxy, Cι _4alkanoyl, Cι_4alkoxycarbonyl, Cι_4alkylsulfonyl, Cι_4alkylsulfonyloxy, Cι_4alkylsulfonylCι_4alkyl, arylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyloxy, arylsulfonylCι_4alkyl, C^alkylsulfonamido, Ci-4alkylarnido, Cι.4alkylsulfonamidoCι_4alkyl, Cι^4alkylamidoCι_4alkyl, arylsulfonamido, arylcarboxamido, arylsulfonamidoCι_4alkyl, arylcarboxamidoCi _4alkyl, aroyl, aroylCi. 4alkyl, or arylCi _4alkanoyl group; a group R5θCO(CH2)p, R5CON(R6)(CH2)p, R5R6NCO(CH2)p or
R^R^NSO2(CH2) , in which p represents zero or an integer from 1 to 4, and (for all four groups) each of R^ and R^ independently represents a hydrogen atom or a Cι_4alkyl group, or (in groups R5CON(R6)(CH2)p, R5R6NCO(CH2)p and R5R6NSO2(CH2)p) R5CONR6 or R^R^N together form a 4-,5-,6- or 7-membered azacyclic group optionally containing one additional O, N or S atom in the azacycle and having 3-8 carbon atoms (including the carbon atoms contained in any optional substituent(s) of the azacycle); or a group Ar^-Z, wherein Ar^ represents an optionally substituted phenyl ring or an optionally substituted 5- or 6- membered aromatic heterocychc ring and Z represents a bond, O, S, SO2 or CH2;
Rl and R4 independently represent H, F, Cl, Br, Cι_2 lkyl, C1 alkoxy, OH, CN, or
NO2;
B represents a sulfur atom or a -CH - group; t represents 3 or 4; and A represents an optionally substituted 5- or 6- membered aromatic heterocychc ring, or an optionally substituted bicyclic heterocychc ring system in which at least the ring bound to the group B in Formula (I) is aromatic;
or a salt thereof.
In the compounds of formula (I) above an "alkyl" group or moiety may be straight or branched, and includes alkyl groups with one, two, three or more fluorine substituents. Alkyl groups which may be employed include methyl, trifluoromethyl, ethyl, pentafluoroethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl and any branched isomers thereof such as isopropyl, t-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, and the like.
A corresponding meaning, including optional fluorine substituents, is intended for "alkoxy", "alkylene", and like terms derived from alkyl. For example, "alkoxy" includes methoxy, trifluoromethoxy, ethoxy, and oxy derivatives of the alkyls listed above. "Alkylsulfonyl" such as C1 _4alkylsulfonyl includes methylsulfonyl (methanesulfonyl), ethylsulfonyl, trifiuorornethanesulfonyl, pentafluoroethylsulfonyl, and others derived from the alkyls listed above. "Alkylsulfonyloxy" such as Cι_4alkylsulfonyloxy includes methanesulfonyloxy (methylsulfonyloxy), trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy, ethanesulfonyloxy, pentafluoroethanesulfonyloxy et al.
"Cycloalkyl", for example C3_ cycloalkyl, includes cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl, and the like.
A halogen atom present in the compounds of formula (I) may be fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.
Preferably, B represents a sulfur atom. Preferably, t represents 3 .
More preferably, B is a sulfur atom and t is 3 and the invention is a compound of formula (LA) or a salt thereof:
Figure imgf000006_0001
Formula (IA)
Preferably, A represents an optionally substituted 5- or 6- membered aromatic heterocychc ring, or an optionally substituted bicyclic heterocychc aromatic ring system (i.e. both rings of the optionally substituted bicyclic heterocychc ring system are aromatic). It is preferred that A represents an optionally substituted 5- or 6- membered aromatic heterocychc ring, and more preferred that A is an optionally substituted 5- membered aromatic heterocychc ring.
It is preferred that A is selected from one of the groups (i), (ii) or (iii):
Figure imgf000006_0002
(0 (ϋ) (iii)
wherein:
X1 and X2 are independently N or CR8, and X3 is NR8, O or S;
Y1 and Y3 are independently N or CR9, and Y2 is NR9, O or S;
Z1 is NR10, O or S, and Z2 and Z3 are independently N or CR10; and wherein:
R? is H, a halogen atom, OH, cyano, nitro, Ci _4alkyl, Cι_4.alkoxy, C\_ 4alkylenedioxy, Ci _4alkanoyl, or Cι_4alkylsulfonyl, an optionally substituted 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-membered cycloalkyl ring, or a group of the formula (a), (b), (c) or (d):
— Ar -Ar— Y— Ar (CH2)r— V— (CH2)sAr
(a) (b) (c) (d) in which:
Ar represents an optionally substituted phenyl ring or an optionally substituted 5- or 6- membered aromatic heterocychc ring; or an optionally substituted bicyclic ring system,
Ar 1 and Ar2 each independently represent an optionally substituted phenyl ring or an optionally substituted 5- or 6- membered aromatic heterocychc ring, and Y represents a bond, -NHCO-, -CONH-, -CH2-, or -(CH2)mYA(CH2)n-, wherein YA represents O, S, SO2, or CO and m and n each represent zero or 1 such that the sum of m+n is zero or 1, r and s independently represent an integer from zero to 3 such that the sum of r and s is equal to an integer from 1 to 4, and V represents a bond, O or S; and R9 is H, a halogen atom, OH, cyano, nitro, Ci^alkyl, Cι_4alkoxy, C\.
4alkylenedioxy, Cι_4alkanoyl, or Cι_4alkylsulfonyl, an optionally substituted 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-membered cycloalkyl ring, or a group of the formula (a), (b), (c) or (d) as defined herein, provided that R9 is not a halogen atom, OH, cyano, nitro, C ^alkoxy or C\. 4alkylenedioxy when R9 is linked to N; or R9 together with R? and the intervening atoms of the 5-membered heterocychc ring illustrated in groups (i), (ii) or (iii) form part of an optionally substituted 5-, 6-, or 7- membered carbocyclic or heterocychc ring; and wherein:
R8 is H, OH or Cι_2 alkyl, provided that R8 is H or Cμ2alkyl when R8 is linked to N;
RIO is H, OH, Ci.galkyl, hydroxy-substituted Ci _6alkyl, Cι_2alkoxyCι_4alkyl, phenylC1_.4a.kyl, a 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-membered cycloalkyl ring, or phenyl; wherein in phenyl, phenylCι_4alkyl or cycloalkyl the ring is optionally substituted by one or two fiuoro or C\ alkyl groups; and provided that R^ is not OH when R 0 is linked to N.
Note that in groups (i), (ii) and (iii) the pendant bond at the left-hand side of each group indicates that there is a direct bond between the group B of Formula (I) and the heterocycle carbon atom located between χl>2,3 ajyj zl>2> .
In any groups of the formula (a), (b), (c) or (d), the rings or ring systems Ar, Ar or Ar2 are preferably each independently optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from: a halogen atom, or a hydroxy, oxo, cyano, nitro, Ci _4alkyl, Ci_4alkoxy, Ci_4alkylenedioxy, Cι_4alkanoyl, C^alkylsulfonyl, Cι _4alkylsulfonyIoxy, Ci ^alkylsulfmyl, Cι _4alkylthio, R13SO2N(R14)-, R13R14NSO2-, R13R14N-, R13R14NCO-, or Rl CON(R14)- group wherein each of R13 and R14 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a C 1.4 alkyl group, or R^3R^ together form a C^- alkylene chain. ,
Alternatively or additionally, Ar and Ar2 may be independently optionally substituted by one or more 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocychc rings, e.g. as defined below, optionally substituted by a Ci _2 alkyl or R13R!4N- group; wherein R^3 and R 4 are as defined above.
In the rings Ar and Ar2 substituents positioned ortho to one another may be linked to form a 5- or 6- membered ring. Preferably in this case Ar and Ar2 are optionally substituted phenyl rings, and here linking two ortho substituents can for example form a benzoxazinone ring system.
It is preferred that the rings Ar, Ar^, or Ar2 are each independently unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents selected from: a halogen atom, or a cyano, Ci _ 2alkyl (e.g. methyl or trifluoromethyl), C _ 2 alkoxy (e.g. methoxy or trifluoromethoxy), Cι_2alkylenedioxy (e.g. methylenedioxy), C2-3alkanoyl (e.g. acetyl), C2alkanoylamino (e.g.acetylamino), Cialkylsulfonyl (e.g. methylsulfonyl or trifluoromethylsulfonyl), Cialkylsulfonyloxy (e.g. methylsulfonyloxy), Cialkylaminosulfonyl (e.g. methylaminosulfonyl), Ci all ylsulfonylamino (e.g. methylsulfonylamino), or Cialkylaminocarbonyl (e.g. methylaminocarbonyl) group.
The 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-membered cycloalkyl ring in e.g. R^, R9, and (later) R* 1 can, unless stated otherwise, be independently optionally substituted by one or two F or Cι_2 alkyl groups or a R^R^N- group; wherein each of R^ and R 0" independently represents a hydrogen atom or a Cι_4 alkyl group, or R!5R16 together form a C3.6 alkylene chain.
Preferably, R^ is not H. It is advantageous that R^ is a group of the formula (a), (b), (c) or (d). It is thought that these R^ aryl-containing groups help to increase the compound's affinity (binding) to the dopamine D3 receptor. More advantageously, R7 is a group of the formula (a), (b) or (c). Still more advantageously, R^ is a group of the formula (a) or (b).
It is preferred that when R^ represents a group of formula (a) or (b), and Ar or Ar is optionally substituted phenyl, there is either no substituent present in Ar or Ar^ para to the 5-membered heterocycle illustrated in group (i), (ii) or (iii) or such j^αrα substituent is a either fluoro or Ci alkyl (e.g. CF3) group. A fluoro or no substituent at su.ch.para position is preferred.
R? being an optionally substituted 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-membered cycloalkyl ring, such as an optionally substituted cyclohexyl ring, is also advantageous.
Preferably, R9 is not taken together with R? and the intervening ring atoms to form part of an optionally substituted 5-, 6-, or 7-membered carbocyclic or heterocychc ring. More preferably, R9 is H or a group of the formula (a) as defined herein, still more preferably H or optionally substituted phenyl.
When R? and/or R9, especially R , is/are a group of formula (a), Ar is preferably optionally substituted phenyl, quinolinyl e.g. 2-, 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-quinolinyl, furyl e.g. 2- furyl, thienyl e.g. 2-thienyl, pyridyl e.g. 4-pyridyl, indolyl, pyrazolopyrimidyl e.g. pyrazolo[l,5-a]pyrimidyl, cinnolinyl, benzo[b]furanyl or pyrrolopyridyl. More preferably, R is optionally substituted phenyl in particular unsubstituted phenyl or fluorophenyl (e.g. 4-fluorophenyl), or optionally substituted quinolinyl e.g. 6-quinolinyl.
When R? and/or R9, especially R^, is/are a group of formula (b), JI is preferably optionally substituted phenyl, and/or Y is preferably a bond, and/or Ar2 is preferably optionally substituted phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, or a 5-membered heterocychc aromatic ring containing at least one N and one O atom e.g. isoxazolyl, oxazolyl or oxadiazolyl. A highly preferred embodiment is wherein Ar is optionally substituted phenyl (preferably phenyl), Y is a bond, and Ar2 is optionally substituted phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, isoxazolyl, oxazolyl or oxadiazolyl. Most preferably, Ar2 is optionally substituted isoxazolyl e.g. isoxazol-5-yl (i.e. l,2-oxazol-5-yl), oxazolyl e.g. l,3-oxazol-2-yl, or oxadiazolyl e.g. l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl.
Optimally Ar2 has no substituents or is substituted by a C\ alkyl e.g. methyl group, this optional substituent preferably being situated two Ar2-ring-atoms from the connection point to the Ar^-Y- e.g. Ar - group. For example Ar2 being 5 -methyl- 1,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl (see e.g. Example 30), 5-methyl-l,3-oxazol-2-yl or 4-methyl-l,3-oxazol-2- yl is preferred.
For a group of formula (b), Ar2-Y- is advantageously joined to the atom of the Ar ring two atoms removed from the Ar^ atom connected to the main A ring. So, for example, where Ar* is optionally substituted phenyl, Ar2-Y- is preferably joined to the metø-position of the phenyl ring relative to the main (e.g. triazolyl, imidazolyl) A ring. See for example Example 30 hereinafter.
When R and/or R9, especially R7, is/are a group of formula (c), preferred examples of Ar include optionally substituted phenyl. When R? and/or R9, especially R?, is/are a group of formula (d), preferably r is 1 or 2, N is a bond, and S is zero; i.e. group (d) is -(CH2)r-Ar where r is 1 or 2.
Where R9 together with R? and the intervening atoms of the 5-membered heterocychc ring illustrated in groups (i), (ii) or (iii) form part of an optionally substituted 5-, 6-, or 7-membered carbocyclic or heterocychc ring, the latter ring is preferably a 6- membered ring, more preferably a phenyl ring (e.g. see Examples 18 and 23).
RIO is preferably H, C^alkyl or cyclopropyl, more preferably H or Ci alkyl (e.g. methyl or trifluoromethyl).
Preferably, X and X2 are independently Ν or CR8, and X3 is ΝR8. More preferably, χl and X2 are independently Ν and X3 is ΝR8. Preferably, Y1 and Y3 are independently Ν or CR9, and Y2 is ΝR9.
Preferably, Z^ is ΝR^O. and Z2 and Z3 are independently Ν.
For A, the tautomeric form shown in group (i) is preferred. In group (i), it is preferred that one or both of X* and Y is Ν.
Without intending to be limited by theory, it is thought that one or both of x x^X and γl/Y2/Y3 advantageously are or contain a ring heteroatom, ideally a Ν atom, for optimum D3 binding.
It is preferred that A is group (i) and Z^ = ΝR^, in which case R 0 is preferably H, C^alkyl or cyclopropyl.
More preferably, B is a sulfur atom, t is 3, A is group (i), χl = γl = Ν and TP is ΝR.10. SO that A is optionally substituted l,2,4-triazol-3-yl and the invention is a compound of formula (IB) or a salt thereof:
Figure imgf000009_0001
Formula (IB)
Preferably, R7 is a group of formula (a), in particular an optionally substituted bicyclic ring or an optionally substituted phenyl ring, more particularly, quinolinyl, e.g. 2- , 3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-quinolinyl. Also preferred is the embodiment wherein B is a sulfur atom, t is 3 and A is group (i), χl is N, γl is CR9, and 2\ is NR*0, so that the invention is a compound of formula (IC) or a salt thereof:
Figure imgf000010_0001
Formula (IC)
In Formula (IC) it is further preferred that R9 is not taken together with R^ and the intervening ring atoms to form part of an optionally substituted 5-, 6-, or 7-membered carbocyclic or heterocychc ring. In this case, A is optionally substituted imidazol-2-yl. Preferably, R7 is a group of formula (a), in particular an optionally substituted bicyclic ring or an optionally substituted phenyl ring, more particularly, quinolinyl, e.g. 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-quinolinyl.
Also preferred is the embodiment wherein B is a sulfur atom, t is 3 and A is group (i), χl is CR8, Y is N and lλ is NR^, so that the invention is a compound of Formula (ID) or a salt thereof:
Figure imgf000010_0002
Formula (ID)
In Formula (ID), A is optionally substituted imidazol-4-yl or -5-yl, and preferably R8 is H. Preferably, R7 is a group of formula (a), in particular an optionally substituted bicyclic ring or an optionally substituted phenyl ring, more particularly, quinolinyl, e.g. 2- , 3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-quinolinyl.
Another embodiment is where A is the following group (iv):
Figure imgf000010_0003
(iv) where Rl 1 has the same (essential and preferable) definitions as ^ herein (but including H in the definitions where H is excluded from R7); X4 is CR^2a or N, X^ is CRl2b or N, and X6 is CR12c or N provided that both X4 and X5 are not N; and wherein Rl2a,b,c. independently of each other, are as defined for the optional substituents of group A described below (i.e. including H as a possibility); and/or wherein either (a) X4 and χ5, or (b) X^, Rl 1 and the intervening carbon atom, or (c) X^, Rl 1 and the intervening carbon atom, together form part of an optionally substituted 5-, 6-, or 7- membered carbocyclic or heterocychc ring (e.g. as preferably defined for groups (i), (ii) and (iii) above for when R? and R9 together form a ring).
Preferably, R^ 1 has the same definition(s) as R^ herein (but including H in the definitions where H is excluded from R7); X4 is CR12a or N, X5 is CR12 or N, and X6 is CR12C or N provided that both X4 and X^ are not N; and wherein R^ -b.c^ independently of each other, are as defined for the optional substituents of group A described below (i.e. including H as a possibility) - i.e. there is no extra optionally substituted 5-, 6-, or 7-membered carbocyclic or heterocychc ring fused to group (iv) above.
Preferably, X6 is N, and/or R11 is H or Cι _4alkyl (e.g. CF3).
The following features are preferred or optional for any of the compounds of Formulae (I), (LA), (LB), (IC) or (LD) or salts thereof.
An optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered heterocychc aromatic ring, as defined for any of the groups A, Ar, Ar , Ar2 or Ar3 may contain from 1 to 4 heteroatoms, preferably from 1 to 3 heteroatoms, selected from O, N and S. When the ring contains 2- 4 heteroatoms, one is preferably selected from O, N and S and the remaining heteroatoms are preferably N. Examples of 5 and 6-membered heterocychc groups include furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridyl, triazolyl, triazinyl, pyridazyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazolyl, isothiazolyl, and isoxazolyl. For group A, preferred examples include triazolyl (especially l,2,4-triazol-3-yl) and imidazolyl (especially imidazol-2-yl). For group Ar, preferred examples include furyl e.g. 2-furyl, thienyl e.g. 2-thienyl, and pyridyl e.g. 4-pyridyl.
Examples of bicyclic ring systems for the group A include bicyclic heteroaromatic ring systems, such as indazolyl, indolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothienyl, benzothiazolyl, benzimidazolyl e.g. benzimidazol-2-yl, benzoxazolyl e.g. benzoxazol-2-yl, benzisoxazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, quinolinyl, quinoxolinyl, quinazolinyl, cinnolinyl, or isoquinolinyl.
Examples of bicyclic ring systems for Ar (e.g. in groups R?, R9, etc. in groups (i), (ii) or (iii)) include bicyclic aromatic, e.g. bicyclic heteroaromatic, ring systems such as: naphthyl e.g. 2- naphthyl, indazolyl, indolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothienyl, benzothiazolyl, benzimidazolyl e.g. benzimidazol-2-yl, benzoxazolyl e.g. benzoxazol-2-yl, benzisoxazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, quinolinyl e.g. 2-, 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-quinolinyl, quinoxolinyl, quinazolinyl, cinnolinyl, isoquinolinyl, naphthyridinyl, pyrazolopyrimidyl e.g. pyrazolo[l,5-a]pyrimidyl, pyrrolopyridyl e.g. pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyridyl or pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridyl, thienothiophenyl e.g. thieno[3,2-b]thiophenyl, l,2-dihydro-2-oxo- quinolinyl, 3,4-dihydro-3-oxo-2H-benzoxazinyl, or l,2-dihydro-2-oxo-3H-indolyl. Preferred examples include quinolinyl, e.g. 2-, 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-quinolinyl or thienopyridine. The groups/rings/ring systems A or Ar3 may each independently be optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from: a halogen atom, or a hydroxy, oxo, cyano, nitro, C^alkyl, Cj^alkoxy, C^alkylenedioxy, Cι_4.alkanoyl, or Cι_4alkylsulfonyl group. Alternatively, the ring/ring system A may be optionally substituted by one or more groups of the formula (a), (b), (c), or (d) as defined herein; and/or by one or more non- aromatic 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, or 7-membered heterocychc or carbocyclic rings optionally substituted by one or two F or Ci alkyl groups or a R^R^N- group; wherein each of Rl5 and R16" independently represents a hydrogen atom or a C^_4 alkyl group, or Rl 5R16 together form a C3-.6 alkylene chain.
In the group A substituents positioned ortho to one another may be linked to form a 5- or 6- membered ring.
It is preferred that the groups A or Ar3 are each independently optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from: a halogen atom, or a cyano, C\. 2alkyl (e.g. methyl or trifluoromethyl), C-[_2alkoxy (e.g. methoxy), Cι_2alkylenedioxy (e.g. methylenedioxy), C2-3alkanoyl (e.g. acetyl), C2alkanoylamino (e.g.acetylamino), or Cialkylsulfonyl (e.g. methylsulfonyl or trifluoromethylsulfonyl) group. It is more preferred that Ar3 is optionally substituted by a C^ alkyl (e.g. methyl) group.
When R2 and/or R3 represents an arylCι_4alkoxy, arylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyloxy, arylsulfonylCι _4alkyl, arylsulfonamido, arylcarboxamido, aιylsulfonamidoCι _4alkyl, arylcarboxamidoCι_4alkyl, aroyl, aroylCι_4alkyl, or arylCι_4alkanoyl group, the aryl moiety may be selected from an optionally substituted phenyl ring or an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered heterocychc ring. In the group R2 and/or R3 an aryl moiety may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from hydrogen, halogen, amino, cyano, Cι_4alkyl, Ci^alkylamino, Cι _4dialkylamino, Ci^alkylamido, Cι_4alkanoyl, or R^R^NCO where each of lϋ-7 and R independently represents a hydrogen atom or Ci _4alkyl group.
Where R2 and/or R3 independently represent the group R5C0N(R6)(CH2)D, R5R6NCO(CH2)p or R5R6NSO2(CH2)p in which R5C0NR6 or R5R6N together form a 4-,5-,6- or 7-membered azacyclic group, then this can be characterised by: (i) containing one additional O, N or S atom in the azacycle, for example the azacyclic group being 1,4- morpholin-4-yl and/or (ii) havingl-2 optional Cj^ lkyl substituents whose carbon atoms are included in the azacyclic group's 3-8 carbon atoms. One, two or more F atoms can optionally be included as substituents of the carbon atoms of the heterocycle. The term 'azacyclic group' should be interpreted to cover only stable azacycles such as 1,4- morpholine and piperazine and not for example 1,3-morpholine. Saturated azacycles, in particular piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, 1,4-morpholinyl, and including the corresponding - oxo-azacycles R^CONR^, are preferred. The substituents R2 and R3 may be the same or different. Preferably, R2 is other than hydrogen.
It is preferred that R2 represents a substituent selected from: a halogen atom, cyano, acetyl, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, trifluoromethoxy, Ci _4alkylsulfonyl, Cι_4alkylsulfonyloxy; a R5R6NSO2 group where each of R5 and R6 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a Cι_4alkyl group, or R5R°N together form a 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-membered azacyclic group optionally containing one additional O, N or S atom in the azacycle and having 3-8 carbon atoms; or a group Ar Z, where Z is a bond and Ar3 is an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered heterocychc aromatic ring. More preferably, R2 represents a substituent selected from: C^alkylsulfonyl
Figure imgf000013_0001
azacyclic group optionally containing one additional O, N or S atom in the azacycle and having 3-8 carbon atoms (e.g. a piperidin-1-ylsulfonyl, pyrrolidin-l-ylsulfonyl or 1,4- morpholin-4-ylsulfonyl group); or a group Ar3Z, where Z is a bond and Ar3 is an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered heterocychc aromatic ring.
Still more preferably, R2 represents a methylsulfonyl, ethylsulfonyl, N,N- dimethylaminosulfonyl, pyrrolidin-l-ylsulfonyl, l,4-morpholin-4-ylsulfonyl or methylsulfonyloxy group, or R2 represents a pyrazin-2-yl, 5-methyl-oxazol-2-yl or 5- methyl-isoxazol-3-yl group.
Preferably, R3 is hydrogen or one of the substituents preferred for R2. More preferably, R3 is hydrogen. It is preferred that at least one of R* and R4 is H, more preferred that both Rl and
R4 are H, and most preferred that R*, R3, and R4 are all H.
4It will be appreciated that for use in medicine the salts of the compounds of the invention should be pharmaceutically (i.e physiologically) acceptable. Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salts will be apparent to those skilled in the art and include for example acid addition salts formed with inorganic acids e.g. hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, nitric or phosphoric acid; and organic acids e.g. succinic, maleic, acetic, fumaric, citric, tartaric, benzoic, p-toluenesulfonic, methanesulfonic or naphthalenesulfonic acid. Other non-pharmaceutically acceptable salts eg. oxalates, may be used, for example in the isolation of compounds of the invention and are included within the scope of this invention. Also included within the scope of the invention are solvates, hydrates, complexes and prodrugs of compounds of the invention.
Certain of the compounds of the invention may form acid addition salts with one or more equivalents of the acid. The present invention includes within its scope all possible stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric forms.
Certain groups/substituents included in the present invention may be present as isomers. The present invention includes within its scope all such isomers, including racemates, enantiomers and mixtures thereof. When A represents a group (c) the compounds may also exist as geometric isomers around the double bond; all isomers are included though trans geometry of the double bond in (c) is preferred.
Preferred compounds have a molecular weight of 800 or less. Still more preferred are compounds having a molecular weight of 600 or less. Generally, and without being limited thereto, such compounds may have higher oral bioavailability, and sometimes higher solubility and/or brain penetrancy. Molecular weight here refers to that of the unsolvated free base compound, excluding any molecular weight contributed by addition salts, solvent (e.g. water) molecules, prodrug molecular parts cleaved off in vivo, etc.
Certain of the substituted heteroaromatic ring systems included in compounds of formula (I) may exist in one or more tautomeric forms. The present invention includes within its scope all such tautomeric forms, including mixtures. For example, where 7, R8, R9, and/or R^ is/are OH, in A groups (i), (ii) or (iii) above, the 5-membered ring can be in the keto or enol forms.
Ln general, the compounds or salts of the invention should be interpreted as excluding those compounds (if any) which are so chemically unstable, either per se or in water, that they are clearly unsuitable for pharmaceutical use through all administration routes, whether oral, parenteral or otherwise. Such compounds are known to the skilled chemist. Prodrugs or compounds which are stable ex vivo and which are convertable in the mammalian (e.g. human) body to the inventive compounds are however included.
Particular compounds and salts according to the invention include those specifically exemplified in Table 1 and Examples 173 to 177 and those specifically exemplified and named hereinafter, for example :-
Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(4-methyl-5-phenyl-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)-propyl]-
2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-benzo[cTlazepin-7-yl ester;
3-[3-(4-Methyl-5-phenyl-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)-propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH- benzoj^azepine-7-carbonitrile;
7-(5-Methyl-[l,2,4]oxadiazol-3-yl)-3-[3-(4-methyl-5-phenyl-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3- ylsulfanyl)-propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-benzo[-t azepine;
7-Methylsulfonyl-3-[3-(4-methyl-5-phenyl-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)-proρyl]-
2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-benzo[<f]azepine;
7-Methylsulfonyl-3-[3-(4,5-diρhenyl-lH-imidazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-propyl]-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-lH-benzo[< ]azepine; 7-Methylsulfonyl-3-[3-(4-methyl-5-(quinolin-6-yl)-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)- propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-benzo[-i]azepine;
Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(4-methyl-5-(furan-2-yl)-4H-[l ,2,4]triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)- propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-benzo[-f]azepin-7-yl ester;
Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(4-methyl-5-(thiophen-2-yl)-4H-[ 1 ,2,4]triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)- propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-benzo[-i]azepin-7-yl ester;
Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(4-methyl-5-(pyridin-4-yl)-4H-[l ,2,4]triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)- propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- lH-benzo[-f]azepin-7-yl ester;
Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(4-methyl-5-(4-tert-butyl-phenyl)-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3- ylsulfanyl)-propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-benzo[- ]azepin-7-yl ester; Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(4-methyl-5-(5-methyl-isoxazol-3-yl)-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3- ylsulfanyl)-propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-benzo[c ]azepin-7-yl ester;
Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(4-methyl-5-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3- ylsulfanyl)-propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-benzo[- ]azepin-7-yl ester; Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(4-methyl-5-(quinolin-6-yl)-4H-[ 1 ,2,4]triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)- propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-benzo[- ]azepin-7-yl ester;
Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(4-methyl-5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)- propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- lH-benzo[<i]azepin-7-yl ester; Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(4-methyl-5-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3- ylsulfanyl)-propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetiahydro-lH-benzo[- ]azepin-7-yl ester;
Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(4-methyl-5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)- propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahycho-lH-berιzo[-t]azepin~7-yl ester;
Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(5-phenyl-[l,3,4]oxadiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-propyl]-2,3,4,5- tetiahydro-lH-berιzo[cf|azepin-7-yl ester;
Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(5-(pyridin-4-yl)-[l,3,4]oxadiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-propyl]-
2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-benzo[ ]azepin-7-yl ester;
Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(benzoxazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH- benzo[-f]azepin-7-yl ester; Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(4-methyl-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)-propyl]-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro- 1 H-benzo [d] azepin-7-yl ester;
Methanesulfonic acid 3 - [3 -( 1 -methyl- lH-imidazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-propyl]-2,3 ,4,5- tetrahydro-lH-benzo[- |azepin-7-yl ester;
Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(2,5-dimethyl-furan-3-ylsulfanyl)-propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- lH-benzo[-f[azepitt-7-yl ester;
Methanesulfonic acid 3 - [3 -(4, 5 -diphenyl- lH-imidazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-propyl] -2,3 ,4, 5 - tetrahydro- lH-benzo [d] azepin-7-yl ester;
Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(lH-benzimidazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-propyI]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- lH-benzo[- )azepin-7-yl ester; Methanesulfonic acid 3 -[3 -(pyridin-3-ylsulfanyl)-propyl] -2,3 ,4,5 -tetrahydro- 1H- benzo[c Iazepin-7-yl ester;
Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(pyrimidin-2-ylsulfanyl)-propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH- benzo[c?]azepin-7-yl ester;
Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(isoquinolin-3-ylsulfanyl)-propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH- benzo[-i]azepin-7-yl ester;
Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(4-trifluoromethyl-pyrimidin-2-ylsulfanyl)-propyl]-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-lH-benzo[- ]azepin-7-yl ester;
Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(4-phenyl-pyrimidin-2-ylsulfanyl)-propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- lH-benzo[ύT]azepin-7-yl ester; Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(5-phenyl-pyridazin-3-ylsulfanyl)-propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- lH-benzo[d]azepin-7-yl ester;
Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(4-methyl-5-(3-((5-methyl)- 1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)phenyl)-4H-
[l,2,4]triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)-propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-benzo[-i]azepin-7-yl ester;
Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(4-methyl-5-(3-cyanophenyl)-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)- propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-benzo[-/]azepin-7-yl ester; or
Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(4-methyl-5-((2-methyl)-quinolin-5-yl)-4H-[l ,2,4]triazol-3- ylsulfanyl)-propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-benzo[- lazepin-7-yl ester;
or a salt thereof. Further particular compounds and salts according to the invention include:-
Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(4-methyl-5-(quinolin-3-yl)-4H-[ 1 ,2,4]triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)- propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetiahyc o-lH-benzo[d]azepin-7-yl ester;
Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(4-methyl-5-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3- ylsulfanyl)-propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-benzo[-i]azepin-7-yl ester;
Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(3-methyl-4-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3H-imidazol-2-ylsulfanyl)- propyl]-2,3 ,4,5-tetrahydro- lH-benzo [d azepin-7-yl ester; Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(3-methyl-4,5-diphenyl-3H-imidazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-propyl]-
2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-benzo[-t azepin-7-yl ester;
Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(4-methyl-5-(2-fluoro-phenyl)-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)- propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- lH-benzo[<J|azepin-7-yl ester;
Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(4-methyl-5-(3-fluoro-ρhenyl)-4H-[ 1 ,2,4]triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)- propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-benzo[-f]azepin-7-yl ester;
Methanesulfonic acid 3-[3-(4-methyl-5-(3,4-difluoro-phenyl)-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3- ylsulfanyl)-propyl]-2,3 ,4,5-tetrahydro- lH-benzo[- [azepm-7-yl ester;
Methanesulfonic acid 3 - [3 -(4-methyl-5 -cyclohexyl-4H- [1,2 ,4] triazol-3 -ylsulfanyl)- propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- lH-benzo[<Jlazepin-7-yl ester; 7-Methylsulfonyl-3-[3-(4-methyl-5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)- propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-benzo[-f]azeρme;
7-Methylsulfonyl-3-[3-(4-phenyl)-thiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH- benzoQJIazepine;
7-Methylsulfonyl-3-[3-(4-methyl-5-(2-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-vinyl)-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3- ylsulfanyl)-propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-benzo[-/]azepine;
7-Ethylsulfonyl-3-[3-(4-methyl-5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)- propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-benzo[cTIazepine;
7-Ethylsulfonyl-3-[3-(4-methyl-5-(quinolin-6-yl)-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)-propyl]-
2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-benzo[-f]azepine; 7-Ethylsulfonyl-3-[3-(3-methyl-2-phenyl-3H-imidazol-4-ylsulfanyl)-propyl]-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro- lH-benzo [d] azepine;
7-(Pyrrolidine-l-sulfonyl)-3-[3-(4-methyl-5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3- ylsulfanyl)-propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-benzo[- ] azepine;
7-(Pyrrolidine-l-sulfonyl)-3-[3-(4-methyl-5-(quinolin-6-yl)-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3- ylsulfanyl)-propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-benzo[-i]azepine;
7-(Pyrrolidine-l-sulfonyl)-3-[3-(4,5-diphenyl-lH-imidazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-propyl]-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro- lH-benzof-i] azepine;
7-(Morpholine-4-sulfonyl)-3-[3-(4-methyl-5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3- ylsulfanyl)-propyl] -2,3 ,4, 5 -tetrahydro- 1 H-benzo [d] azepine; 7-(Morpholine-4-sulfonyl)-3-[3-(4-methyl-5-(quinolin-6-yl)-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3- ylsulfanyl)-propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-benzo[- ] azepine;
7-Pyrazin-2-yl-3-[3-(4-methyl-5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)- propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-benzo[- j azepine; 7-Pyrazin-2-yl-3-[3-(4-memyl-5-(quinolin-6-yl)-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)-propyl]-
2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-benzo[<f] azepine;
3-[3-(4-Methyl-5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)-propyl]-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-lH-benzo[-i]azepine-7-sulfonic acid dimethylamide; 3-[3-(4-Methyl-5-(quinolin-6-yl)-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)-propyl]-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-lH-benzo[-f|azepine-7-sulfonic acid dimethylamide;
7-Methylsulfonyl-3-[3-(4-methyl-5-(quinolin-4-yl)-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)- proρyl]-2,3 ,4,5-tetrahydro- lH-benzo [d] azepine;
7-Ethylsulfonyl-3-[3-(4-methyl-5-(3-((5-methyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)phenyl)-4H- [l,2,4]triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)-propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-benzo[- ]azepine;
7-Ethylsulfonyl-3-[3-(4-Methyl-5-((2-methyl)-quinolin-5-yl)-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3- ylsulfanyl)-propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-benzo[-i] azepine;
7-Ethylsulfonyl-3-[3-(4-methyl-5-(2-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-vinyl)-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3- ylsulfanyl)-propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-benzo[-f| azepine; 7-(5-Methyl-oxazol-2-yl)-3-[3-(4-methyl-5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3- ylsulfanyl)-ρropyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-benzo[cTl azepine;
7-(5-Methyl-oxazol-2-yl)-3-[3-(4-methyl-5-(quinolin-6-yl)-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3- ylsulfanyl)-propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-benzo[GTl azepine;
7-(5-Methyl-isoxazol-3-yl)-3-[3-(4-methyl-5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3- ylsulfanyl)-propyl] -2,3 ,4,5 -tetrahydro- lH-benzo[-i] azepine;
7-(5-Methyl-isoxazol-3-yl)-3-[3-(4-methyl-5-(quinolin-6-yl)-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3- ylsulfanyl)-propyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-benzo[cTl azepine;
7-(5-Methyl-isoxazol-3-yl)-3-{4-[4-methyl-5-(2-methyl-quinolin-6-yl)-4 Η-[l,2,4]triazol-
3-yl]-butyl}-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-benzo[d]azepine; 3-{4-[5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-4-methyl-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3-yl]-butyl}-7-(5-methyl-isoxazol-
3-yl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-benzo[d]azepine;
7-Ethanesulfonyl-3-[4-(4-methyl-5-quinolin-6-yl-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)-butyl]-
2,3 ,4,5-tetrahydro- lH-benzo [d] azepine;
7-(5-Methyl-isoxazol-3-yl)-3-[4-(4-methyl-5-quinolin-6-yl-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3- ylsulfanyl)-butyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-benzo[d]azepine; or
7-(3-Methyl-isoxazol-5-yl)-3-[4-(4-methyl-5-quinolin-6-yl-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3- ylsulfanyl)-butyl] -2,3,4,5 -tetrahydro- 1 H-b enzo [d] azepine
or a salt thereof.
Note that in the above compound names, morpholine refers to 1,4-morpholine.
These compounds may for example be in the form of their free base or pharmaceutically (i.e. physiologically) acceptable salts thereof.
The present invention also provides a process for preparing a compound of formula (I) or a salt thereof wherein B is a sulfur atom and t is 3, i.e. a compound of formula (LA), which process comprises: (a) reacting a compound of formula (H):
Figure imgf000018_0001
Formula (II)
wherein Rl to R4 are as herein defined and X is a leaving group; with a compound of formula (HI):
A-SH
Formula (III)
wherein A is as herein defined ; or
(b) to prepare a compound of formula (LA) wherein R2 is Ar3-Z and Z is a bond, reacting a compound of formula (IN):
Figure imgf000018_0002
Formula (IV)
wherein Rl, R3, R4, and A are as herein defined and W is a halogen atom or a trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy group, or W is a group M selected from a boron derivative (e.g. a boronic acid function B(OH)2) or a metal function such as trialkylstannyl (e.g. SnBu3), zinc halide or magnesium halide; with a compound Ar3-W^, wherein W* is a halogen atom or a trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy group when W is a group M or W is a group M as defined above when W is a halogen atom or a trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy group; or
(c) to prepare a compound of formula (IA) wherein R3 is Ar3-Z and Z is O or S, reacting a compound of formula (N):
Figure imgf000018_0003
Formula (V) wherein Rl, R3, R4 and A are as herein defined; with a reagent serving to introduce the group Ar3; or
(d) interconverting one compound of formula (LA) to a different compound of formula (I) e.g. by: (i) converting one or more of R* to R4 from alkoxy (e.g.methoxy) to hydroxy, (ii) converting one or more of R2 or R3 from hydroxy to sulfonyloxy, such as alkylsulfonyloxy e.g. methanesulfonyloxy or trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy, (iii) converting a compound in which A is substituted by one or more groups of the formula (b) as herein defined wherein Y represents S to a compound wherein Y is SO2; or (iv) converting Y from CO to CH2 in a compound in which A is substituted by one or more groups of the formula (b); or
(e) to prepare a compound of formula (IA) where A is substituted by one or more groups of the formula (b) as herein defined where Y is a bond, reacting a compound of formula (VI):
Figure imgf000019_0001
Formula (VI)
wherein R to R4 and Ar are as herein defined, W is as defined in (c) above, and A^ is the same as herein defined for group A but has a substituent Ar^-W (illustrated) instead of one of the one or more substituents of formula (b) present in the product compound; with a compound Ar -Wl, wherein W is a halogen atom or a trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy group when W is a group M, or W is a group M when W as defined in (c) above is a halogen atom or a trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy group;
and optionally thereafter forming a salt of formula (I).
Process (a) may be effected using conventional methods for the formation of a thioether. The leaving group X can be a halogen atom such as chlorine. Alternatively X can be a sulfonyloxy group such Ci _4alkylsulfonyloxy (e.g. methanesulfonyloxy or
Figure imgf000019_0002
phenyl, an optionally substituted 5- or 6- membered aromatic heterocychc ring, or an optionally substituted bicyclic ring system, preferably optionally substituted phenyl, wherein in each case the optional substituents are one or more C|_ 2 alkyl groups; e.g. jαrα-toluenesulfonyloxy. When X is a halogen the reaction may be carried out using a base such as lithium hydroxide in a solvent such as N,N-dimefhylformamide.
The invention also provides a compound of formula (LI):
Figure imgf000020_0001
Formula (II)
wherein R to R4 are as herein defined, provided that Rl to R4 are not all H, and X is a leaving group. "Leaving group" is as understood by a skilled chemist, i.e. a group which can be displaced by a nucleophile in e.g. a Sjβ or S^l type reaction. X can be as hereinabove defined. Specific examples of interest are given in the Descriptions hereinafter.
Reaction of a compound of formula (IN) with Ar -Wl according to process (b), or a compound of formula (NL) with Ar2-Wl according to process (e), may be effected in the presence of a transition metal e.g., palladium catalyst such as bis- triphenylphosphinepalladium dichloride or tetrαHs-triphenylphosphinepalladium (0). When M represents a boronic acid function such as B(OH) the reaction may be carried out under basic conditions, for example using aqueous sodium carbonate in a suitable solvent such as dioxane. When M is trialkylstannyl the reaction may be carried out in an inert solvent, such as xylene or dioxane optionally in the presence of LiCl. When M is a zinc or magnesium halide the reaction may be effected in an aprotic solvent such as tetrahyαrofuran. The substituent W is preferably a halogen atom such as bromine, or a sulfonyloxy group such as trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy; and W is preferably a group M, such as trialkylstannyl or B(OH)2-
In process (c) the reagent serving to introduce the group Ar3 is preferably a compound of formula Ar3-Hal, wherein Hal is a halogen atom. The reaction may be effected in the presence of a base, such as potassium carbonate, in a solvent such as NJN- dimethylformamide.
Interconversion reactions according to process (d) may be effected using methods well known in the art.
A compound of formula (LI) may itself be prepared by reacting a compound of formula (V I):
Figure imgf000020_0002
Formula (VII)
wherein R to R4 are as hereinbefore defined; with a compound of formula (NLfl): LCH2CH2CH2X
Formula (VTII)
wherein X is as herein defined and L is a leaving group, e.g., a bromine atom. For typical reaction conditions, see Description 20 hereinafter.
Compounds A-SH of formula (Lfl) may be prepared by methods well known in the
Figure imgf000021_0001
the compounds of Formula (IB), the compound may be prepared by conversion of a ketone, R7COMe to R7COCH2NH2 by standard methods and reacting the aminoketone with MeNCS (or other RlO-NCS) to give the desired imidazole (Acta. Chem. Scand., 1969, 23, 2879). Where the compound of formula (Lfl) is an imidazole such as
Figure imgf000021_0002
, used to make the compounds of Formula (IC), the compound may be prepared either by chlorosulfonation of the parent imidazole, followed by reduction of the CISO2- group to the HS- group (J. Het. Chem., 1998, 35, 141), or by conversion of the corresponding imidazolone (Tetrahedron, 1989, 45, 6375) to the imidazolthione with for example P2S5 or Lawesson's reagent (J. Med. Chem., 1993, 36, 3371).
Compounds of formula (IN), (N) or (NL) may be prepared by processes analogous to (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e) described above. Compounds Ar2Wl, Ar3W^ and Ar Hal are commercially available or may be prepared by standard methods. Conversion of a compound of formula (NIL) where R2 or R3 is a cyano or acetyl group to a compound of formula (NLL) where R2 or R3 is a group Ar Z, where Ar is an oxadiazole or an isoxazole ring and Z is a bond, may be carried out by (i) conversion of (VJ ) to aΝ-Boc protected compound of formula (LX), where R* to R4 are as hereinbefore defined, using standard methods; (ii) conversion of R2 or R3 from cyano to oxadiazolyl using known methods, or conversion of acetyl to isoxazolyl using known methods; and (iii) deprotection of a compound of formula (LX) to a compound of formula (NLI) using standard methods.
Figure imgf000022_0001
Formula (IX)
Certain specific compounds of Formula (NIL), which are used as intermediates in the synthesis of specific examples of compounds of Formula (I) disclosed herein, are novel over the generalised disclosure in WO 00/21951. Hence, the present invention also provides a compound of Formula (X):
Figure imgf000022_0002
where R19 = ethyl, Ν,Ν-dimethylamino, pyrollidin-1-yl ( — N ),
or l,4-morpholin-4-yl (
Figure imgf000022_0003
Formula (X)
or a secondary-amine-protected derivative thereof, or a salt of the compound or derivative. These compounds can be made for example according to Descriptions 15a, 21-22, 21 -22(a) and 21 -22(b) hereinafter. Suitable secondary amine protecting groups which can be present in the protected derivatives are known to the skilled chemist and include alkyloxycarbonyl (e.g. N-tert-butyloxycarbonyl, Boc) and alkanoyl (e.g. acetyl or trifluoroacetyl). The protected derivatives can be prepared using the standard protecting group chemistry on compound (X); for example by using the methods of Descriptions 3 (for Boc protection) or 12 (for acetyl protection) or by changing the protecting group used in the Descriptions (for other protecting groups). The present invention also provides a compound of Formula (XL):
Figure imgf000023_0001
Formula (XI)
or a secondary-amine-protected derivative thereof, or a salt of the compound or derivative. These pyrazin-2-yl compounds and derivatives can be prepared for example by the methods of Descriptions 27 and 28.
The present invention also provides a process for preparing a compound of formula (L) or a salt thereof, which process comprises:
(a) reacting a compound of formula (NIL):
Figure imgf000023_0002
Formula (VII) with a compounds of formula (XLI):
Figure imgf000023_0003
Formula (XII) wherein R1 to R4, t, B and A are as herein defined. The reaction of a compound of Formula VJI) with a compound of Formula (XLI) is carried out by a reductive amination by standard methods know to those skilled in the art, for example by the use of sodium triacetoxyborohydride in a solvent such as 1,2-dichloroethane. The aldehydes of Formula (XLI) may be prepared by methods known in the art, for example by the procedure described herein for Examples 173 (parts a-f) and Example 175 (parts a and b).
Compounds of formula (I) have been found to exhibit affinity for dopamine receptors, in particular the D3 receptor, and are expected to be useful in the treatment of disease states which require modulation of such receptors, such as psychotic conditions. Many of the compounds of formula (I) have also been found to have greater affinity for dopamine D3 than for D2 receptors. The therapeutic effect of currently available antipsychotic agents (neuroleptics) is generally believed to be exerted via blockade of D2 receptors; however this mechanism is also thought to be responsible for undesirable extrapyramidal side effects (eps) associated with many neuroleptic agents. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it has been suggested that blockade of the recently characterised dopamine D3 receptor may give rise to beneficial antipsychotic activity without significant eps. (see for example Sokoloff et al, Nature, 1990; 347: 146-151; and Schwartz et al, Clinical Neuropharmacology, Vol 16, No. 4, 295-314, 1993). Preferred compounds of the present invention are therefore those which have higher (e.g. >10x or >1 OOx higher) affinity for dopamine D3 than dopamine D2 receptors (such affinity can be measured using standard methodology for example using cloned dopamine receptors - see herein). Said compounds may advantageously be used as selective modulators of D3 receptors.
The compounds of formula (I) are of potential use as antipsychotic agents for example in the treatment of schizophrenia, schizo-affective disorders, psychotic depression, mania, paranoid and delusional disorders. Furthermore, they could have utility as adjunct therapy in Parkinsons Disease, particularly with compounds such as L-DOPA and possibly dopaminergic agonists, to reduce the side effects experienced with these treatments on long term use (e.g. see Schwartz et al., Brain Res. Reviews, 1998, 26, 236- 242). From the localisation of D3 receptors, it could also be envisaged that the compounds could also have utility for the treatment of substance abuse where it has been suggested that D3 receptors are involved (e.g. see Levant, 1997, Pharmacol. Rev., 49, 231-252). Examples of such substance abuse include alcohol, cocaine, heroin and nicotine abuse. Other conditions which may be treated by the compounds include dyskinetic disorders such as Parkinson's disease, neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism and tardive dyskinesias; depression; anxiety, cognitive impairment including memory disorders such as Alzheimers disease, eating disorders, sexual dysfunction, sleep disorders, emesis, movement disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, amnesia, aggression, autism, vertigo, dementia, circadian rhythm disorders and gastric motility disorders e.g. LBS. In a further aspect therefore the present invention provides a method of treating a condition for which modulation (especially antagonism/inhibition) of dopamine receptors (especially dopamine D3 receptors) is beneficial, which comprises administering to a mammal (e.g. human) in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically (i.e physiologically) acceptable salt thereof. Such conditions in particular include psychoses/psychotic conditions such as schizophrenia, and substance abuse.
The invention also provides the use of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a condition in a mammal for which modulation (especially antagonism/inhibition) of dopamine receptors (especially dopamine D3 receptors) is beneficial.
The invention also provides a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in the treatment of a condition in a mammal for which modulation (especially antagonism/inhibition) of dopamine receptors (especially dopamine D3 receptors) is beneficial.
A preferred use for D3 antagonists according to the present invention is in the treatment of psychoses such as schizophrenia or in the treatment of substance abuse.
Thus, a still further aspect the invention provides a method of treating a psychotic condition (e.g. schizophrenia) or substance abuse which comprises administering to a mammal (e.g. human) in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) as herein defined or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
Also provided is the use of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a psychotic condition (e.g. schizophrenia) or substance abuse in a mammal.
Also provided is a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in the treatment of a psychotic condition (e.g. schizophrenia) or substance abuse in a mammal.
Also provided is a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use as an active therapeutic substance in a mammal, e.g. for use in the treatment of any of the conditions described herein.
"Treatment" includes prophylaxis, where this is appropriate for the relevant condition(s).
For use in medicine, the compounds of the present invention are usually admimstered as a standard pharmaceutical composition. The present invention therefore provides in a further aspect a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically (i.e physiologically) acceptable salt thereof and a pharmaceutically (i.e physiologically) acceptable carrier. The pharmaceutical composition can be for use in the treatment of any of the conditions described herein. The compounds of formula (I) may be administered by any convenient method, for example by oral, parenteral (e.g. intravenous), buccal, sublingual, nasal, rectal or transdermal administration and the pharmaceutical compositions adapted accordingly.
.The compounds of formula (I) and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts which are active when given orally can be formulated as liquids or solids, for example syrups, suspensions or emulsions, tablets, capsules and lozenges.
A liquid formulation will generally consist of a suspension or solution of the compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt in a suitable liquid carrier(s) for example an aqueous solvent such as water, ethanol or glycerine, or a non-aqueous solvent, such as polyethylene glycol or an oil. The formulation may also contain a suspending agent, preservative, flavouring or colouring agent.
A composition in the form of a tablet can be prepared using any suitable pharmaceutical carrier(s) routinely used for preparing solid formulations. Examples of such carriers include magnesium stearate, starch, lactose, sucrose and cellulose. A composition in the form of a capsule can be prepared using routine encapsulation procedures. For example, pellets containing the active ingredient can be prepared using standard carriers and then filled into a hard gelatin capsule; alternatively, a dispersion or suspension can be prepared using any suitable pharmaceutical carrier(s), for example aqueous gums, celluloses, silicates or oils and the dispersion or suspension then filled into a soft gelatin capsule. Typical parenteral compositions consist of a solution or suspension of the compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt in a sterile aqueous carrier or parenterally acceptable oil, for example polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, lecithin, arachis oil or sesame oil. Alternatively, the solution can be lyophilised and then reconstituted with a suitable solvent just prior to administration. Compositions for nasal administration may conveniently be formulated as aerosols, drops, gels and powders. Aerosol formulations typically comprise a solution or fine suspension of the active substance in a pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous or non- aqueous solvent and are usually presented in single or multidose quantities in sterile form in a sealed container, which can take the form of a cartridge or refill for use with an atomising device. Alternatively the sealed container may be a unitary dispensing device such as a single dose nasal inhaler or an aerosol dispenser fitted with a metering valve which is intended for disposal once the contents of the container have been exhausted. Where the dosage form comprises an aerosol dispenser, it will contain a propellant which can be a compressed gas such as compressed air or an organic propellant such as a fluoro- chlorohydrocarbon. The aerosol dosage forms can also take the form of a pump-atomiser.
Compositions suitable for buccal or sublingual administration include tablets, lozenges and pastilles, wherein the active ingredient is formulated with a carrier such as sugar and acacia, tragacanth, or gelatin and glycerin. Compositions for rectal administration are conveniently in the form of suppositories containing a conventional suppository base such as cocoa butter.
Compositions suitable for transdermal administration include ointments, gels and patches.
Preferably the composition is in unit dose form such as a tablet, capsule or ampoule.
Each dosage unit for oral administration contains preferably from 1 to 250 mg (and for parenteral administration contains preferably from 0J to 25 mg) of a compound of the formula (L) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof calculated as the free base.
The pharmaceutically acceptable compounds of the invention will normally be administered in a daily dosage regimen (for an adult patient) of, for example, an oral dose of between 1 mg and 500 mg, preferably between 10 mg and 400 mg, e.g. between 10 and 250 mg or an intravenous, subcutaneous, or intramuscular dose of between 0J mg and 100 mg, preferably between 0J mg and 50 mg, e.g. between 1 and 25 mg of the compound of the formula (L) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof calculated as the free base, the compound being administered 1 to 4 times per day. Suitably the compounds will be administered for a period of continuous therapy, for example for a week or more.
Biological Test Methods
Binding experiments on cloned dopamine (e.g. D2, D3 and D4) receptors
The ability of the compounds to bind selectively to human D2/D3/D4 dopamine receptors can be demonstrated by measuring their binding to
Figure imgf000026_0001
constants (Kj) of test compounds for displacement of [l^LJJodosulpride binding human D2/D3 and [3H]-YM-09151 to D4 dopamine receptors expressed in CHO cells were determined as follows. The cell lines were shown to be free from bacterial, fungal and mycoplasmal contaminants, and stocks of each were stored frozen in liquid nitrogen. Cultures were grown as monolayers or in suspension in standard cell culture media. Cells were recovered by scraping (from monolayers) or by centrifugation (from suspension cultures), and were washed two or three times by suspension in phosphate buffered saline followed by collection by centrifugation. Cell pellets were stored frozen at -80°C. Crude cell membranes were prepared by homogenisation followed by high-speed centrifugation, and characterisation of cloned receptors achieved by radioligand binding. Preparation of CHO cell membranes: Cell pellets were gently thawed at room temperature, and resuspended in about 20 volumes of ice-cold Extraction buffer; 5mM EDTA, 50mM Trizma pre-set crystals (pH7.4@37°C), lmM MgCl2, 5mM KCl and 120mM NaCl. The suspension was homogenised using an Ultra-Turrax at full speed for 15 seconds. The homogenate was centrifuged at 18,000 r.p.m for 15 min at 4°C in a Sorvall RC5C centrifuge. Supernatant was discarded, and homogenate re-suspended in extraction buffer then centrifugation was repeated. The final pellet was resuspended in 50mM Trizma pre-set crystals (pH 7.4 @ 37°C) and stored in 1ml aliquot tubes at -80°C (D2= 3.0E+08 cells, D3 = 7.0E+07 cells and D4 = 1.0E+08 cells). The protein content was determined using a BCA protocol and bovine serum albumin as a standard (Smith, P. K., et al., Measurement of protein using bicinchoninic acid. Anal. Biochem. 150, 76-85 (1985)).
Binding experiments: Crude D2/D3 cell membranes were incubated with 0.03nM [125LJ-Lodosulρride (-2000 Ci/mmol; Amersham, U. K.) and D4 with 0.8nM [3H]-YM-09151 (~85Ci/mmol; NEN, UK), and the test compound in a buffer containing 50mM Trizma pre-set crystals (pH 7.4 @ 37°C), 120mM NaCl, 5mM KCl, 2mM CaCl2, lmM MgC-2, 0.3% (w/v) bovine serum albumin. The total volume is 0.2ml and incubated in a water bath at 37°C for 40 minutes. Following incubation, samples were filtered, onto GF/B Unifilters using a Canberra Packard Filtermate, and washed four times with ice-cold 50mM Trizma pre-set crystals (pH 7.4 @ 37°C). The radioactivity on the filters was measured using a Canberra Packard Topcount Scintillation counter. Nonspecific binding was defined with lOμM SKF-102161 (YM-09151). For competition curves, 10 serial log concentrations of competing cold drug were used (Dilution range: lOμM-lOpM). Competition curves were analysed using Inflexion, an iterative curve fitting programme in Excel. Results were expressed as pKi values where pKi - - gl0[Ki].
The exemplified compounds have pKi values within the range of 7.5 - 9.5 at the dopamine D3 receptor. Selected especially preferred compounds are as follows, with pKi values between 8.0 - 9.5. pKi results are only estimated to be accurate to about ±0.2-0.3. Examples: 1, 5, 8, 13, 14, 22, 51, 61, 63, 67, 70, 72, 74, 91, 93, 95, 96, 99, 100, 126, 130, 131, 133, 135, 137, 138, 143, 146, 168, 169, 173, 176.
Functional Activity at cloned dopamine receptors
The functional activity of compounds at human D2 and human D3 receptors (i.e. agonism or antagonism) may be determined using a Cytosensor Microphysiometer (McConnell HM et al Science 1992 257 1906-1912). In Microphysiometer experiments, cells (hD2_CHO or hD3_CHO) were seeded into 12mm Transwell inserts (Costar) at 300000 cells/cup in foetal calf serum (FCS)-containing medium. The cells were incubated for 6h at 37°C in 5%CO2, before changing to FCS-free medium. After a further 16-18h, cups were loaded into the sensor chambers of the Cytosensor Microphysiometer (Molecular Devices) and the chambers perfused with running medium (bicarbonate-free Dulbecco's modified Eagles medium containing 2 mM glutamine and 44 mM NaCl) at a flow rate of 100 ul/min. Each pump cycle lasted 90s. The pump was on for the first 60s and the acidification rate determined between 68 and 88s, using the Cytosoft programme. Test compounds were diluted in running medium. Ln experiments to determine agonist activity, cells were exposed (4.5 min for hD2, 7.5 min for hD3) to increasing concentrations of putative agonist at half hour intervals. Seven concentrations of the putative agonist were used. Peak acidification rate to each putative agonist concentration was determined and concentration-response curves fitted using Robofit [Tilford, N.S., Bowen, W.P. & Baxter, G.S. Br. J. Pharmacol. (1995), Vol. 115, 160P]. In experiments to determine antagonist potency, cells were treated at 30 min intervals with five pulses of a submaximal concentration of quinpirole (100 nM for hD2 cells, 30 nM forhD3 cells), before exposure to the lowest concentration of putative antagonist. At the end of the next 30 min interval, cells were pulsed again with quinpirole (in the continued presence of the antagonist) before exposure to the next highest antagonist concentration. Ln all, five concentrations of antagonist were used in each experiment. Peak acidification rate to each agonist concentration was determined and concentration-inhibition curves fitted using Robofit.
Examples
The invention is further illustrated by the following non-limiting examples :
Description 1 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine
1,2-Phenylenediacetonitrile (7.5g, 48 mmol) dissolved in ethanol (150ml) was added to Raney Ni (2g) which had been previously washed with ethanol (3x20ml). The mixture was then hydrogenated at 50°C at 50psi pressure with shaking for 24h. The reaction mixture was then cooled to room temperature and filtered through a pad of kieselguhr and washed through with ethanol (100ml). The filtrate was evaporated in vacuo to give a brown oil which was chromatographed on silica gel (lOOg), eluting with 2-10% methanol in CH2CI2 to give the title compound as a brown oil (2.45g, 35%).
Mass spectrum (API+) Found: 148 (MH+). C\ 0H13N requires 147.
Description 2 7-Hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine, hydrobromide
7-Methoxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine (10 g) (known from M. Kanao et al., Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1982, 30, i 80-188) in 48% aqueous hydrobromic acid (350 ml) was allowed to stir at 100 °C for 4 h. The mixture was cooled to 20 °C then evaporated to dryness in vacuo to give the title compound (14.5 g) as a brown solid. Mass spectrum (APJ+): Found 164 (MH+). C10H13NO requires 163.
*H NMR (DMSO) δ: 2.80 - 3.25 (8H, m), 4.42 (2H, br s), 6.50 - 6.70 (2H, m), 6.98 (IH, d, J = 8 Hz), 8.86 (IH, br s).
Description 3
3-(tert-Butyloxycarbonyl)-7-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine
To a solution of 7-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine, hydrobromide (14.5 g) in tetrahydro furan (100 ml) and water (70 ml), was added triethylamine (8 g), followed by a solution of di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (14 g) in TΗF (20 ml). The resulting mixture was allowed to stir at 20 °C for 16 h, partitioned between ethyl acetate (200 ml) and water (200 ml). The aqueous layer was washed with ethyl acetate (100 ml). The combined organic extracts were washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (100 ml), dried (Na2SO4) and evaporated to dryness in vacuo. The resulting oil was purified by silica gel cbromatography. Elution with ethyl acetate in hexane (10% - 30%) gave the title compound (8 g).
Mass spectrum (APL+): Found 164 (MΗ+-Boc). C15H21NO3 requires 263.
IH NMR (CDCI3) δ: 1.48 (9H, s), 2.75 - 2.87 (4H, m), 3.40 - 3.60 (4H, m), 4.95 (IH, s), 6.50 - 6.62 (2H, m), 6.96 (IH, d, J = 8 Hz).
Description 4
3-(tert-Buryloxycarbonyl)-7-trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy-2 ,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3- benzazepine
To a stirred mixture of 3-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-7-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3- benzazepine (7 g) and triethylamine (5.4 ml) in dry dichloromethane under argon at -20 °C, was added, dropwise, trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride (5 ml). The resulting mixture was allowed to warm slowly to 20 °C over 16 h, then was poured into saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (200 ml) and extracted with dichloromethane (2 x 150 ml). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine (150 ml), dried (Na2SO4) and evaporated in vacuo to give an amber oil. Silica gel chromatography, eluting with ethyl acetate in hexane (10% - 30%) gave the title compound (7 g) as an amber oil.
Mass spectrum (API+): Found 396 (MΗ+). Ci 6H20F3NO5S requires 395.
JH NMR (CDCI3) δ: 1.48 (9H, s), 2.85 - 2.95 (4H, m), 3.5 - 3.65 (4H, m), 7.00 - 7.05 (2H, m), 7.15 - 7.27 (lH, m).
Description 5
3-(tert-Butyloxycarbonyl)-7-cyano-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine
A mixture of 3-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-7-trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- lH-3-benzazepine (4.78 g, 12.1 mmol), zinc cyanide (1.42 g, 15.6 mmol) and tetrakis- triphenylphosphine palladium (0) (1.4 g, 1.2 mmol, 10 mol%), in dry dimethylformamide (50ml) was stirred at 100 °C for 3 h under argon. After cooling to room temperature the reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (120 ml) and filtered. The filtrate was washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (100 ml), then water (2 x 50 ml), then brine (50 ml). The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo to give brown oil, which was purified by chromatography on silica gel with 20 - 100%) ethyl acetate - hexane elution to give the title compound (0J65 g, 23%) as a brown oil.
Mass spectrum (API+): Found 173 (MH+-Boc). C16H20N2O2 requires 272.
iH NMR (CDCI3) δ: 1.47 (9H, s), 2.93 (4H, m), 3.56 (4H, m), 7.21 (IH, d, J = 8 Hz), 7.42 (2H, m).
Description 6 7-Cyano-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-12J-3-benzazepine A mixture of 3-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-7-cyano-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine (765 mg, 2.81 mmol) and trifluoroacetic acid (2 ml), in dichloromethane (20 ml) was stirred at 40 °C for 1 h. The reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness in vacuo and partitioned between ethyl acetate (50 ml) and water (50 ml). The aqueous layer was basified using potassium carbonate and re-extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 30ml). The combined basic organic extracts were dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated in vacuo to give the title compound as a colourless oil (212 mg, 44%).
Mass spectrum (API+): Found 173 (MΗ+). C1 1H12N2 requires 172.
iH NMR (CDCI3) δ: 2.04 (IH, br s), 2.95 (8H, m), 7J8 (IH, d, J = 8 Hz), 7.38 (2H, m).
Description 7
3-(tert-Butyloxycarbonyl)-7-(3-(5-methyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazolyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-
3-benzazepine To a suspension of sodium methoxide (0.6 g, 11 mmol) in anhydrous methanol (12ml) under argon, was added hydroxylamine hydrochloride (0.76 g, 11 mmol), followed by 3- (tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-7-cyano-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine (1.5 g, 5.5 mmol). The mixture was stirred under reflux for 16 h, then allowed to cool to room temperature. The methanol was evaporated in vacuo and the resulting residue partitioned between dichloromethane (100 ml) and water (100 ml). The aqueous layer was washed with more CΗ2C12 (100 ml). The combined organic extracts were dried and evaporated in vacuo to give a solid (1.8 g), which was mixed with acetic anhydride (15 ml) and heated at 120 °C for 2 h. Excess acetic anhydride was evaporated in vacuo and the resulting oily residue partitioned between CH2C12 (250 ml) and saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (250 ml). The organic layer was washed with more bicarbonate solution (200 ml), dried, and evaporated to give an oil. Gravity silica gel chromatography eluting with ethyl acetate in hexane gave the title compound (3.2 g, 73 %) as a colourless oil. 1H NMR (CDCI3) δ: 1.49 (9H, s), 2.65 (3H, s), 2.96 (4H, m), 3.58 (4H, m), 7.22 (IH, d, J = 8 Hz), 7.80 (2H, m).
Description 8 7-(3-(5-Methyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazolyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine
A solution of 3-(tβrt-butyloxycarbonyl)-7-(3-(5-methyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazolyl)-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine (1.2 g, 3.6 mmol) in CΗ2C12 (15 ml) and trifluoroacetic acid (15 ml) was heater under reflux for 2 h. Solvent was evaporated in vacuo and the residue partitioned between diethyl ether (50 ml) and water (50 ml). The aqueous layer was saturated with potassium carbonate then extracted with CH2C12 (2 x 100 ml). The combined organic extracts were dried and evaporated in vacuo to give the title compound (0.74 g, 88 %) as an oil.
Mass spectrum (API4): Found 230 (MH+). Cι3H15N3O requires 229.
1H NMR (CDCI3) δ: 1.80 (IH, br s), 2.65 (3H, s), 2.90 - 3.00 (8H, m), 7.20 (IH, d, J = 8 Hz), 7.75 - 7.85 (2H, m).
Description 9 7-(3-(t-?r/-Butyloxycarbonyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepinyl)carboxamide
To a solution of 3-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-7-cyano-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine (5.44 g, 20 mmol) cooled in ice bath, was added potassium carbonate (0.4 g) in water (1 ml), fqllowed by dropwise addition of 30 % w/w hydrogen peroxide (2.4 ml). The resulting mixture was stirred at 5 °C for 5 min, then the ice-bath was removed. After another 5 min, water (100 ml) was added. The solid precipitate was collected by filtration and dried to give the title compound (4.35 g, 75 %) as a colourless solid.
1H MR (CDCI3) δ: 1.48 (9Η, s), 2.96 (4H, m), 3.56 (4H, m), 5.60 - 6.30 (2H, br d), 7.19 (IH, d, J = 8 Hz), 7.50 - 7.80 (2H, m).
Description 10
3-(t-?rt-Butyloxycarbonyl)-7-(5-(3-methyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazoIyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-
3-benzazepine
A mixture of 7-(3-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3- benzazepinyl)carboxamide (4.29 g, 14.8 mmol) and N,N-dimethyl acetamide dimethyl acetal (6 ml, 41 mmol) was heated at 125 °C under argon. Methanol was removed from the reaction by means of a distillation condenser over 2 h. The reaction mixture was further evaporated in vacuo to give a thick brown oily residue. To this residue was added, in order, dioxan (10 ml), 5M sodium hydroxide (4 ml), hydroxylamine hydrochloride (1.4 g, 20 mmol) and 70 % aqueous acetic acid (20 ml). The combined mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for 15 min and then at 90 °C for lh. The mixture was treated with water (100 ml) and extracted with CΗ2C12 (2x150 ml). Combined organic extracts were washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate (100 ml), dried and evaporated in vacuo to give an oil. Gravity silica gel chromatography, eluting with ethyl acetate in hexane, gave the title compound (3.9 g, 80 %) as a colourless solid.
1H NMR (CDC13) δ: 1.49 (9H, s), 2.47 (3H, s), 2.98 (4H, m), 3.60 (4H, m), 7.27 (IH, d, J = 8 Hz), 7.80 - 7.90 (2H, m).
Description 11 7-(5-(3-Methyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazolyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine
A solution of 3-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-7-(5-(3-methyl)-l,2,4-oxadiazolyl)-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro- lH-3-benzazepine (3.8 g, 11.6 mmol) in CΗ2C12 (50 ml) and trifluoroacetic acid (12 ml) was heated under reflux for 2 h. Solvent was evaporated in vacuo and the residue partitioned between diethyl ether (200 ml) and water (200 ml). The aqueous layer was saturated with potassium carbonate then extracted with CH C12 (3 x 200 ml). The combined organic extracts were dried and evaporated in vacuo to give the title compound (2.4 g, 91 %) as a colourless solid.
Mass spectrum (AP ): Found 230 (MH+). C13H]5N3O requires 229.
1H NMR (CDC13) δ: 1.86 (IH, br s), 2.47 (3H, s), 3.00 (8H, m), 7.25 (IH, d, J = 8 Hz), 7.80 - 7.90 (2H, m).
Description 12 3-Acetyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine
A solution of acetic anhydride (6.37 g, 0.062 mol) in dichloromethane (50 ml) was added dropwise to a stirred solution of 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine (8.35 g, 0.057 mol) and triethylamine (8.7 ml) in dichloromethane (50 ml) at 0 °C under argon. After stirring at room temperature for 18 h, water (80 ml) was added and the organic layer separated. The organic layer was washed with 0.5 M hydrochloric acid (50 ml), saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (50 ml), water (50 ml) and then dried (Na2SO4). Evaporation of the solvent in vacuo gave the title compound (10.24 g, 95 %) as a yellow oil which solidified on standing.
lΗ NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.18 (3Η, s), 2.85 - 3.00 (4H, m), 3.55 - 3.60 (2H, m), 3.72 - 3.80 (2H ,m), 7.10 - 7.20 (4H, m). Mass Spectrum AP+: Found 190 (MH+). C12H15NO requires 189.
Description 13 3-Acetyl-7-chlorosulfonyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine
A solution of 3-acetyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine (4.0 g, 0.021 mol) in dichloromethane (25 ml) was added dropwise to a stirred solution of chlorosulphonic acid in dichloromethane (25 ml) at -70 °C under argon. After warming to room temperature, the reaction was stirred for 18 h before being quenched in ice/water (200 ml). The resulting mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 100 ml), dried (Na2SO4) and the solvent evaporated in vacuo to give the title compound (2J4 g, 45 %) as a pale yellow solid.
iH NMR: δ (CDCI3): 2.21 (3H, s), 3.0 - 3.10 (4H, m), 3.60 - 3.70 (2H, m), 3.74 - 3.80 (2H, m), 7.35 - 7.40 (IH, m), 7.80 - 7.85 (2H, m).
Mass spectrum AP+: Found 288 & 290 (MH+). C12H14NSO2CI requires 287 & 289.
Description 14 3-Acetyl-7-methylsulfonyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine To a stirred solution of sodium sulphite (1.60 g, 12. 6 mmol) and sodium hydrogen carbonate (1J4 g, 13.56 mmol) in water (25 ml) was added 3-acetyl-7-chlorosulfonyl- 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine (2.6 g, 9.04 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (10 ml). The reaction mixture was then heated at 75 °C for 2 h, cooled to 30 °C and methyl iodide (2.8 ml, 45.20 mmol) added. After stirring at 50 °C for 24 h, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and partitioned between water (50 ml) and ethyl acetate (100 ml). The aqueous layer was then separated and further extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 80 ml). The combined organics were then dried (Na2SO4) and the solvent removed in vacuo to give the title compound (1.77 g, 73 %) as a pale yellow solid.
lΗ NMR (CDCI3) 2.20 (3Η, s), 2.99 - 3.05 (4H, m), 3.06 (3H, s), 3.61 - 3.64 (2H, m), 3.73 - 3.77 (2H, m), 7.32 - 7.37 (IH, m), 7.7 - 7.75 (2H, m). Mass Spectrum AP+: Found 268 (MH+). C13H17NSO3 requires 267.
*
Description 15 7-Methylsulfonyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine
A solution of 3-acetyl-7-methylsulfonyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine (1.75 g, 6.55 mmol) in 5 M hydrochloric acid was heated at reflux for 18 h. The reaction mixture was then cooled to room temperature, basified to pΗ = 12 with potassium carbonate and the solvent evaporated in vacuo. The solid residue was then extracted with ethyl acetate (5 x 60 ml) and the combined organics dried (Na2SO4). The solvent was then evaporated in vacuo to give the title compound (450 mg, 32 %) as a pale yellow oil.
*Η NMR (CDCI3) 1.88 (IH, br s), 2.95 - 3.13 (8H, m), 3.04 (3H, s), 7.25 - 7.30 (IH, d), 7.65 - 7.72 (2H, m). Mass Spectrum AP+: Found 226 (MH+). Ci 1H15NSO2 requires 225.
Description 15a 7-EthyIsuIfonyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine
This compound was prepared in a similar manner to Descriptions 14 and 15, using ethyl iodide instead of methyl iodide.
Mass Spectrum AP+: Found 240 (MH+). C12H17NSO2 requires 239.
Description 16 3-Trifluoracetyl-7-(5-methyl-isoxazoI-3-yl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepme
(a) Trifluoroacetic anhydride (13.2 ml) was added to a solution of 7-cyano-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine (14.5 g) and triethylamine (14.2 ml) in dichloromethane (300 ml) at 0 °C. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature over 1.5 h, then washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (300 ml), the organic layer dried and evaporated to give 3-trifluoracetyl-7-cyano-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3- benzazepine as a yellow oil (20.3 g).
(b) 3-Trifluoracetyl-7-cyano-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine (20.3 g) and nickel- aluminium alloy (35.5 g) in 75%> aq. formic acid (400 ml) were heated at 80 °C for 3 h.
The reaction was allowed to cool, filtered and the filtrate extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, dried and evaporated to give 3-trifluoracetyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine-7- carbaldehyde (20.0 g) as a yellow oil. (c) 3-Trifluoracetyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine-7-carbaldehyde (20.0 g) and hydroxylamine hydrochloride (6.1 g) in pyridine (140 ml) were stirred overnight and the reaction then evaporated in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between ethyl acetate and 10% sodium carbonate solution and the combined organic layers dried and evaporated to give 3-trifluoracetyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine-7-carbaldehyde oxime (17.2 g) as a yellow solid.
(d) To a solution of 3-Trifluoracetyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine-7-carbaldehyde oxime (17.2 g) in chloroform (700 ml) was added N-bromosuccinimide (11.8 g), portioήwise over 5 min., and the mixture stirred for 1.5 h. 2-Chloropropene (30.3 ml) was added and the reaction cooled to - 20 °C. Triethylamine (25J ml) in chloroform was added over 10 min. and the reaction stirred at room temperature for 18 h. The solution was washed with 2M ΗC1, dried and evaporated and the residue chromatographed on Si gel, gradient eluting with 10-20%) EtOAc in hexane to give the title compound (7J g) as a yellow oil.
Mass spectrum (AP+) : Found 325 [MΗ+] CiβHi 5N2O2F3 requires 324.
Description 17 7-(5-Methyl-isoxazol-3-yl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine
A mixture of 3-trifluoracetyl-7-(5-methyl-isoxazol-3-yl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3- benzazepine (7J g) and K2CO3 (12J g) in 1:1 methanohwater (400 ml) was heated at 50 °C for lh. The mixture was cooled, poured into water (500 ml) and extracted with dichloromethane. The combined organic layers were dried and evaporated in vacuo to give the title compound as a yellow oil (3.9 g).
Mass spectrum (AP+) : Found 229 [MΗ+] C14H1 g^O requires 228.
Description 17a
7-(5-Methyl-isoxazol-3-yl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine hydrochloride a) 7-(l-Hydroxyimino-ethyι)-l,2,4,5-tetrahydro-benzo[d] azepine-3-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester
7-Acetyl-3-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine (8.9g, 30.8mmol) was dissolved in pyridine (30ml) and hydroxylamine hydrochloride (2.3g, 33mmol) was added and the mixture stirred for 2 h at room temperature. The solvent was evaporated and hexane (300ml) and water (100ml) were added and the colourless precipitate was filtered and washed with hexane (3 x 100ml). The compound was dried in vacuo to give the title compound (6.23g, 66%ι).
Mass Spectrum AP+: Found 205 ([M-Boc]+). Ci 7Η24N2O3 requires 304.
b) 7-(5-Methyl-isoxazol-3-yl)-l,2,4,5-tetrahydro-benzo[d]azepine-3-carboxyIic acid tert-butyl ester
7-(l-Hydroxyimino-ethyl)-l,2,4,5-tetrahydro-benzo[d]azepine-3-carboxylic acid tert- butyl ester (2.89g, 9.5mmol) was cooled to 0°C in tefrahydrofuran (70ml) under argon. Butyllithium (7.6ml, 2.5M in hexane, 19mmol) was added dropwise to give an orange solution which was stirred for 1 h. N-Methyl-N-methoxy acetamide (824mg, 8mmol) was added dropwise in tetrahydro furan (30ml) over 3 min. The mixture was stirred for 1 h and then poured into water (27ml) and concentrated sulphuric acid (3ml). The resulting mixture was heated to reflux for 1 h and then cooled and neutralised with solid sodium bicarbonate. The mixture was partitioned between dichloromethane (200ml) and water (100ml) and the layers separated. The aqueous portion was extracted with dichloromethane (2 x 100ml) and the combined organic extracts were evaporated. The residue was treated with dichloromethane (50ml) and di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (2.18g, lOmmol) and the mixture stirred for 20 min, washed with water (50ml) and evaporated. The residue was treated with pyridine (10ml) and hydroxylamine hydrochloride (0J7g, 1 lmmol) and the mixture stirred for 1 h. The solvent was evaporated and the residue dissolved in dichloromethane (50 ml) which was washed with dilute hydrochloric acid (3 x 50ml, 0.5M). The solvent was evaporated and the residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (eluent dichloromethane) which gave the title compound as a colourless solid (447mg, 61%).
Mass Spectrum AP+: Found 229 ([M-Boc]+). Ci 9H24N2O3 requires 328.
c) 7-(5-MethyI-isoxazol-3-yI)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine hydrochloride
7-(5-Methyl-isoxazol-3-yl)-l ,2,4,5-tetrahydro-benzo[d]azepine-3-carboxylic acid tert- butyl ester (1.9g, 5.8mmol) was treated with ethanol (20ml) followed by a saturated ethanolic hydrochloride solution (20ml). The mixture was stirred for 12 h until a precipitate was observed. Diethyl ether (100ml) was added and the precipitate filtered and dried in vacuo to give the title compound as a colourless solid (1.25g, 81%). Mass Spectrum AP+: Found 229 ([M+H]+). C14H16N2O requires 228.
!H NMR (MeOD) δ: 2.47 (3H, s), 3.20 (4H, m), 3.33 (4H, m), 6.55 (IH, s), 7.34 (IH, d, J = 8 Hz), 7.64 (IH, d, J = 8 Hz), 7.68 (IH, s).
Description 18
3-(tert-Butyloxycarbonyl)-7-methanesulfonyloxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3- benzazepine
A solution of 3-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-7-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine (3.0 g, 0.011 mol), methanesulfonylchloride (1.44 g, 0.013 mol), triethylamine (1.27 g, 0.013 mol) and dichloromethane (50 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 18 h. The reaction mixture was then partitioned between dichloromethane (50 ml) and a saturated solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate (50 ml). The organic layer was separated, washed with water (50 ml) and then dried (Na2SO4). The solvent was then evaporated in vacuo to give the title compound (3.85 g, 99 %) as a pale yellow oil.
!Η NMR (CDCI3) δ : 1.48 (9Η, s), 2.86 - 2.92 (4H, m), 3.13 (3H, s), 3.53 - 3.56 (4H, m), 7.00 - 7.03 (2H, m), 7.13 - 7.16 (IH, m).
Mass spectrum (AP+) : Found 242 [M-BOCJH+. Ci 6H23NSO5 requires 341.
Description 19 7-Methanesulfonyloxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine A solution of 3-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-7-methanesulfonyloxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3- benzazepine (3.8 g, 0.011 mol), trifluoroacetic acid (3.76 g, 0.033 mol) and dichloromethane (50 ml) was heated at 50 °C for 5h. The solvents were then evaporated in vacuo and the residue partitioned between water (200 ml) and ethyl acetate (150 ml). The aqueous layer was removed and washed with ethyl acetate (100 ml) and then basified to pΗ 14 with 40% sodium hydroxide. The suspension was then extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 150 ml) and the combined organic layers dried (Na2SO4). The solvents were evaporated in vacuo to give the title compound (2.15 g, 80 %) as a colourless oil.
Η NMR (CDCI3) δ : 2.88 - 3.00 (8Η, m), 3.13 (3H, s), 6.99 - 7.03 (2H, m), 7.12 (IH, d).
Mass spectrum (AP+) : Found 242 (MH)+. Ci 1H15NSO3 requires 241.
Description 20
3-(3-Chloropropyl)-7-methanesulfonyloxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine A mixture of 7-methanesulfonyloxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine (1 J5g, 7.3 mmol), l-bromo-3-chloropropane (0.80 ml, 8J mmol) and triethylamine (3 ml, 21.5 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (25 ml) was heated at reflux for 5h. The mixture was cooled, evaporated in vacuo and the residue partitioned between water (100 ml) and ethyl acetate (100 ml). The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (100 ml) and the combined organics washed with brine (150 ml), dried (Na2SO4) and evaporated in vacuo. Purification by chromatography on silica gel using 10 - 70% ethyl acetate in hexane gradient elution gave the title compound as a pale orange oil (1.22g, 53%>).
Mass spectrum (API*): Found 318 (MH*). Ci4H2o35ClNO3S requires 317.
1H NMR δ 1.85 - 2.05 (2H, m), 2.55 - 2.70 (6H, m), 2.85 - 2.95 (4H, m), 3J2 (3H, s), 3.60 - 3.66 (2H, t, J = 6.5 Hz), 6.95 - 7.15 (3H, m).
The following compounds were prepared in a similar manner to Description 20:
(a) 3-(3-Chloropropyl)-7-cyano-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine.
Mass spectrum (APf): Found 249 (MH+). Ci4H17 35ClN2 requires 248. Prepared from the compound of Description 6.
(b) 3-(3-Chloropropyl)-7-(5-methyl-l ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-l H-3- benzazepine.
Mass spectrum (AP ): Found 306 (MH+). Ci6H o35ClN3θ requires 305. Prepared from the compound of Description 8.
(c ) 3-(3-Chloropropyl)-7-methylsulfonyI-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine
Mass spectrum (AP ): Found 302 (MH+). Cχ4H2035ClNθ2S requires 301. Prepared from the compound of Description 15.
(d) 3-(3-Chloropropyl)-7-(morpholin-4-yl)sulfonyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3- benzazepine
Mass spectrum (API4): Found 373 (MH+). Ci7H2535ClN2O3S requires 372. Prepared from the compound of Description 22.
(e) 3-(3-ChIoropropyl)-7-(5-methyI-oxazoI-2-yI)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3- benzazepine
Mass spectrum (APf): Found 305 (MH+). Ci7H ι35ClN2θ requires 304. Prepared from the compound of Description 25.
(f) 3-(3-Chloropropyl)-7-ethylsulfonyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine Mass spectrum (APf): Found 316 (MH+). Ci5H2235ClNO2S requires 315. Prepared from the compound of Description 15 a.
(g) 3-(3-Chloropropyl)-7-(pyrrolidine-l-sulfonyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3- benzazepine Mass spectrum (APf): Found 357 (MH+). Ci7H2535ClN2O2S requires 356. Prepared from the compound of Description 22(a).
(h) 3-(3-Chloropropyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine-7-sulfonic acid dimethylamide Mass spectrum (APL4): Found 331 (MH+). Ci5H2335C N O2S requires 330. Prepared from the compound of Description 22(b).
(i) 3-(3-Chloropropyl)-7-pyrazin-2-yl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine
Mass spectrum (API4): Found 302 (MH+). Ci7H2035ClN3 requires 301. Prepared from the compound of Description 28.
(j) 3-(3-ChIoropropyI)-7-(5-methyl-isoxazol-3-yl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3- benzazepine
Mass spectrum (API4): Found 305 (MH+). Cι7H2i35ClN2O requires 304. Prepared from the compound of Description 17.
Description 21 3-Acetyl-7-(morpholin-4-yl)sulfonyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine A mixture of 3-acetyl-7-chlorosulfonyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine (4.0 g, 13.9 mmol), mo holine (1.8 ml, 20.8 mmol) and triethylamine (2J4 ml, 15.3 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (120 ml) was heated at 60 °C for 3 h. The reaction mixture was then cooled, filtered and the filtrate evaporated in vacuo to give a yellow solid. Crystallisation from dichloromethane/«-hexane gave the title compound as an off-white solid (4.4 g, 94 %).
Mass Spectrum AP+: Found 339 (MΗ+). Ci 6H22 2SO4 requires 338.
Description 22 7-(Morpholin-4-yl)suIfonyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine A solution of 3-acetyl-7-(morpholin-4-yl)sulfonyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine (3.0 g, 8.9 mmol) in 5 M hydrochloric acid was heated at reflux for 18 h. The reaction mixture was then cooled to room temperature, basified to pΗ = 12 with potassium carbonate and the solvent evaporated in vacuo. The solid residue was then extracted with ethyl acetate (5 x 100 ml) and the combined organics dried (Na2SO4). The solvent was then evaporated in vacuo to give the title compound (1.49 g, 57 %) as a pale yellow oil.
Mass Spectrum AP+: Found 297 (MΗ+). C14H20N2SO3 requires 296.
The following compounds were prepared in a similar manner to Descriptions 21 and 22: (a) 7-(Pyrrolidine-l-sulfonyl)- 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine
Mass Spectrum AP+: Found 281 (MH+). Ci 4H20 2SO2 requires 280. Prepared using pyrollidine instead of morpholine in Description 21. (b) 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine-7-suIfonic acid dimethylamide
Mass Spectrum AP+: Found 255 (MH+). Ci 2H18N2SO2 requires 254. Prepared using dimethylamine instead of morpholine in Description 21.
Description 23
3-(tert-Butyloxycarbonyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine-7-carboxylic acid prop-2-ynyl amide
A mixture of 3-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-7-cyano-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine (10 g, 37 mmol) and KOΗ (4.1 g, 73 mmol) in EtOΗ (100 ml) and water (20 ml) was heated under reflux for 24 h. Mixture allowed to cool and evaporated in vacuo and the residue redissolved in water (150 ml). The solution was acidified to pΗ4 and the precipitate filtered and dried. The crude acid (5 g, 17 mmol) was then dissolved in dichloromethane (100 ml), under Argon and propargylamine (0J7 g, 14 mmol), EDC (2.9 g 15 mmol) and HOBT (200 mg) added and the reaction stirred for 18 h. Saturated NaHCO3 solution (100 ml) was added and the organic layer separated. The aqueous layer was re-extracted with dichloromethane and the combined organic layers dried and evaporated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (gradient elution, hexane/ethyl acetate) to give the title compound (3.8 g) as a colourless solid. Mass Spectrum AP+: Found 327 ([M-H]+). C19H24N2O3 requires 328.
Description 24
3-(ført-Butyloxycarbonyl)-7-(5-methyl-oxazol-2-yI)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3- benzazepine A mixture of 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine-7-carboxylic acid prop-2-ynyl amide (3.8 g) and mercury (IL) acetate (350 mg) in glacial acetic acid was heated under reflux for 1.5 h. After cooling, the solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue partitioned between EtOAc (200 ml) and saturated NaΗCU3 solution (100 ml). The aqueous layer was re-extracted with EtOAc and the combined organic layers dried and evaporated in vacuo. The residue was purified using silica gel chromatography (gradient elution, hexane/EtOAc) to give the title compound (2.35 g) as a colourless oil. Mass Spectrum AP+: Found 229 ([M-Boc]+). C19H24N2O3 requires 328.
Description 25 7-(5-Methyl-oxazol-2-yl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine
Prepared from Description 24 by a similar procedure to that of Description 6. Mass Spectrum AP+: Found 229 (MH+). C14H16N2O requires 228.
Description 26 7-Acetyl-3-(tert-butyIoxycarbonyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine To a stirred solution of 3-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-7-trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine (10 g, 25.3 mmol) in anhydrous dimethylformamide (100 ml) under argon at room temperature, was added triethylamine (7.05 ml, 50.6 mmol), butyl vinyl ether (16.4 ml, 126.6 mmol), l,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane (0.412 g, 1 mmol) and palladium acetate (0.202 g, 0.9 mmol) sequentially. The resultant mixture was heated at 85°C for 1.5 h and cooled to room temperature. 4 % Aqueous hydrochloric acid (150 ml) was added and stirring continued for 0.5 h. The reaction mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (3 x 300 ml) and the combined organics washed with water (4 x 500 ml), dried (Na2SO4) and evaporated in vacuo to afford a brown gum. Chromatography on silica gel with 0 - 30% ethyl acetate - hexane gradient elution gave the title compound (5.8 g, 79 %) as a colourless solid.
!Η NMR (CDC13) δ: 1.49 (9Η, s), 2.58 (3H, s), 2.96 (4H, m), 3.57 (4H, m), 7.21 (IH, d, J = 8 Hz), 7.72 (2H, m).
Description 27 3-(tert-ButyloxycarbonyI)-7-(pyrazin-2-yI)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine
To a stirred solution of 7-acetyl-3-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3- benzazepine (12 g, 42 mmol) in dioxan (60 ml) was added selenium dioxide (4.61 g, 42 mmol) in dioxan (60 ml) and water (15 ml). The mixture was heated under reflux for 18 h., cooled and the solid residue filtered. The filtrate was evaporated in vacuo and the residue azeotroped with toluene to give an orange gum which was dissolved in ethanol and added dropwise to a stirred solution of ethylenediamine (3 g, 50 mmol)in ethanol at 0 °C. After the addition was complete, KOΗ (2.6 g, 46 mmol) was added and the reaction heated under reflux for 3h. The reaction mixture was then allowed to cool and evaporated in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between water and dichloromethane and the combined organic extracts dried and evaporated in vacuo to give a brown gum. Purification by silica gel chromatography (eluant 20% EtOAc :hexane) gave the title compound as a yellow oil (3.5 g).
Mass Spectrum AP+: Found 226 ([M-Boc]+). Ci 9Η23N3O2 requires 325.
Description 28 , 7-(Pyrazin-2-yl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-3-benzazepine
Prepared from Description 27 by a similar procedure to that of Description 6.
Mass Spectrum AP+: Found 226 (MH+). Ci 4H14N3 requires 225. Description 29
5-Isoquinolin-l-yl-4-methyl-4H-[l,2,4]triazole-3-thiol
Hydroxybenzotriazole (0.078g), 1 -(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (0.1 lg) and triethylamine were added successively to a cooled solution (0°C) of 4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazide (0.06 lg) and 1-isoquinoline carboxylic acid (0.1 Og) in dimethylformamide (3ml). Following addition the cooling bath was removed and the mixture was stirred at room temperature over night and then the reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness. To the residue was added sodium hydroxide solution (0.5 M, 5ml) and the mixture was stirred at 80°C for 3 h. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and the pH adjusted to pH 6 using hydrochloric acid solution (2M) and the resulting precipitate was filtered and dried in vacuo to give the title compound (O.llg, 78%>) as an off-white solid.
Mass Spectrum AP+: Found 243 ([MH]+). Ci 2H10N4S requires 242.
iH NMR (DMSO) δ: 3.65 (3H, s), 7.78 (IH, t, J = 8 Hz), 7.89 (IH, t, J = 8 Hz), 8.08 (IH, d, J = 6 Hz), 8.13 (IH, d, J = 8 Hz), 8.51 (IH, d, J = 8 Hz), 8.71 (IH, d, J = 6 Hz), 14.21 (IH, br s).
Examples
The Compounds of Examples tabulated below were all prepared using the following general method: -
A mixture of the appropriate chloropropyl benzazepine from Description 20 (1.57 mmol), appropriate thiol (1.57 mmol) and lithium hydroxide (1.57 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (5 ml) were heated at 100°C for 2 h. The cooled reaction mixture was partitioned between water and ethyl acetate, the organic layer dried (Na.SO„) and evaporated in vacuo. Chromatography on silica gel using 30 - 100%) ethyl acetate in hexane gradient elution gave the title compounds.
Figure imgf000041_0001
Figure imgf000041_0002
N-N
MeSO2- Λ %~ Ph Mass spectrum (API4): Found 457 (MH4). f
Me C23H28N O2S2 requires 456. rπ
MeSO2- N P. Mass spectrum (APL4): Found 518 (MH4). C29H3ιN3O2S2 requires 517.
MeSO2- Mass spectrum (APL4): Found 508 (MH4).
Figure imgf000042_0001
C26H29N5O2S2 requires 507.
MeSO2O- N-N i ! _ ,.o. Mass spectrum (API4): Found 463 (MH4).
Me C2ιH2 N O4S2 requires 462.
MeSO2O- N-N Mass spectrum (API4): Found 479 (MH4). Me C2ιH26N4O3S3 requires 478.
MeSO2O- N-N Mass spectrum (API ): Found 474 (MH4). Me C22H27N5O3S2 requires 473.
MeSO2O- Mass spectrum (APL4): Found 529 (MH4).
Figure imgf000042_0002
C27H36N4O3S2 requires 528.
MeSO2O- N-N Mass spectrum (APL4): Found 478 (MH4).
4 Me N-0 C2ιH2 N5O4S2 requires 477.
MeSO2O- N-N Cl Mass spectrum (APL4): Found 541 (MH4). Me <X-a C23H26 35Cl2N4O3S2 requires 540.
MeSO2O- Mass spectrum (APL4): Found 524 (MH4).
Figure imgf000042_0003
C26H N5O3S2 requires 523.
MeSO2O- N-N Mass spectrum (APL4): Found 491 (MH4).
N X? CH, C23H27FN4O3S2 requires 490.
MeSO O- N-N
■<χ Mass spectrum (APL4): Found 541 (MH4).
X. Me CF, C24H27F3N4O3S2 requires 540.
MeSO2O- Mass spectrum (APL4): Found 506 (MH4). C24H28 35ClN3O3S2 requires 505.
MeSO2O- Mass spectrum (API4): Found 460 (MH4).
Figure imgf000042_0004
C22H25N3O4S2 requires 459.
MeSO2O- Mass spectrum (API4): Found 433 ). i t (MH4 C2iH24N2O4S2 requires 432.
MeSO2O- N-N Mass spectrum (API4): Found 397 (MH4).
Me Cι7H2 N4O3S2 requires 396.
MeSO2O- ΛΛ Mass spectrum (APL4): Found 396 (MH4).
Me Cι8H25N3O3S2 requires 395.
MeSO2O- Mass spectrum (API4): Found 410 (MH4).
. LX Me C2oH27NO4S2 requires 409.
MeSO2O- Ph Mass spectrum (APL4): Found 534 (MH4).
Λ IX, C29H3iN3O3S2 requires 533.
Figure imgf000043_0001
Figure imgf000044_0001
Figure imgf000045_0001
Figure imgf000046_0001
Figure imgf000047_0001
Figure imgf000048_0001
Figure imgf000049_0001
Figure imgf000050_0001
Figure imgf000051_0001
Figure imgf000051_0002
Example 173
7-(5-Methyl-isoxazol-3-yl)-3-{4-[4-methyl-5-(2-methyl-quinolin-6-yl)-4 H-
[l,2,4]triazol-3-yI]-butyI}-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-benzo[d]azepine
a) 4-[l,3]Dioxan-2-yl-butyric acid methyl ester
Methyl 5,5-dimethoxyvalerate (20.0g, OJ Hmol), propane-l,3-diol (13g, 0J7mol) and para-toluene sulphonic acid (2J7g, 0.0114mol) were heated under Dean-Stark conditions in toluene (100ml) for 4 h. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and diluted with diethyl ether (100ml) and then neutralized with solid sodium bicarbonate. The solid was filtered and the filtrate evaporated to give a pale yellow oil (22.3g). A lOg portion of this was then purified by silica gel chromatography (eluent 30%) EtOAc:hexane) which gave the title compound as a colourless oil (6.82g). b) 4-[l,3]Dioxan-2-yl-butyric acid
4-[l,3]Dioxan-2-yl-butyric acid methyl ester (6.8g, 0.036mol) was added to a stirred solution of sodium hydroxide (1.87g, 0.047mol) in water (30ml) and methanol (30ml). The mixture was stirred for 18 h at room temperature and then the solvent evaporated. The residue was partitioned between ethyl acetate (100ml) and water (100ml) and cooled to 0°C. The mixture was acidified with hydrochloric acid (1M) to pH 2 and the layers separated. The aqueous layer was further extracted with cold ethyl acetate (100ml) and the combined organic layers washed with brine (100ml) and then dried Na2SO4). The solvents were evaporated and the crude solid (5.56g) was used in the next step.
c) 4-[l,3]Dioxan-2-yl-N-methyl-butyramide
To 4-[l,3]dioxan-2-yl-butyric acid (2.55g, 0.015mol) in dichloromethane (200 ml) was added methylamine (2M in THF, 8J ml, O.Olδmol), l-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3- ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (3.09g, 0.016mol) and hydroxybenzotriazole (2.16g, O.Olδmol) and the mixture stirred at room temperature overnight. The organic layer was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (200ml) and the aqueous layer extracted with dichloromethane (4 x 50ml). The combined organics were dried (Na2SO4) and evaporated to give a colourless oil (3.2g)
Mass Spectrum AP+: Found 188 ([MH]+). C9H17NO3 requires 187.
d) 2-Methyl-quinoline-6-carboxylic acid N'-(4-[l,3]dioxan-2-yI-l-methyIimmo- butyl)-hydrazide 4-[l,3]Dioxan-2-yl-N-methyl-butyramide (lg, 5.35mmol) was cooled to -78°C in dry dichloromethane (10ml) under argon and phosphorus oxychloride (0.65ml, 7mmol) was added dropwise. The mixture was warmed to room temperature to give an amber solution which was re-cooled to 0°C. This solution was added dropwise to a suspension of 2- methyl-quinoline-6-carboxylic acid hydrazide (lg, 5mmol) in chloroform (20ml) and the mixture stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was poured into water (300ml), basified with sodium hydroxide solution (5M) and extracted with dichloromethane (3 x 200ml). The combined organic portions were dried (Na2SO4), filtered and evaporated to give the desired compound as a brown oil (1.28g, 83%).
Mass Spectrum AP": Found 369 ([M-H]). C20H26N4O3 requires 370.
e) 6-[5-(3-[l,3]Dioxan-2-yl-propyl)-4-methyl-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3-yl]-2-methyl- quinoline
2-Methyl-quinoline-6-carboxylic acid N'-(4-[l,3]dioxan-2-yl-l-methylimino-butyl)- hydrazide (1.28g, 3.4mmol) was heated in ethyl acetate (20ml) for 4 h. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (eluent 20%> MeOH:EtOAc) which gave the title compound as a brown solid (109mg, 10%>). Mass Spectrum AP+ : Found 353 ([MH]+). C20H24N4O2 requires 352.
f) 4-[4-Methyl-5-(2-methyl-quinolin-6-yl)-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3-yl]-butyraldehyde
6-[5-(3-[l,3]Dioxan-2-yl-propyl)-4-methyl-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3-yl]-2-methyl-quinoline (109mg, 0.3 lmmol) was heated in water (20ml) and concentrated sulphuric acid (0.5ml) at 100°C for 3 h. The mixture was cooled to room temperature, basified with solid sodium bicarbonate and extracted with dichloromethane (3 x 50ml). The combined organic portions were dried (Na2SOi), filtered and evaporated to give the desired compound as an off-white solid (76mg, 84%).
Mass Spectrum AP+: Found 295 ([MH]+). Ci7H18N O requires 294.
g) 7-(5-Methyl-isoxazol-3-yl)-3-{4-[4-methyl-5-(2-methyl-quinolin-6-yl)-4 H- [l,2,4]triazoI-3-yl]-butyl}-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-benzo[d]azepine 4-[4-Methyl-5-(2-methyl-quinolin-6-yl)-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3-yl]-butyraldehyde (76mg, 0.25mmoi) and 7-(5-Methyl-isoxazol-3-yl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-benzo[d]azepine (55mg, 0.24mmol) were stirred at room temperature in dichloromethane (5ml) for 30 min. Sodium tiiacetoxyborohydride (55mg, 0.26mmol) was then added and the mixture stirred over the weekend. The mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (50ml) and washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (30ml). The aqueous was extracted with furthe * dichloromethane (50ml) and the combined organic portions were dried (Na2SO4), filtered and evaporated to give the desired compound as an off-white solid (26mg).
Mass Spectrum AP+: Found 507 ([MH]+). C31H34N6O requires 506.
!H NMR (CDCI3) δ: 1.72 (2H, m), 1.93 (2H, m), 2.46 (3H, s), 2.57 (3H, t, J = 7 Hz), 2.66 (4H, m), 2.79 (3H, s), 2.91 (6H, m), 3.64 (3H, s), 6.26 (IH, s), 7.16 (IH, d, J = 8 Hz), 7.37 (IH, d, J = 9 Hz), 7.49 (IH, dd, J = 2, 8 Hz), 7.54 (IH, s), 7.89 (IH, dd, J = 2, 9 Hz), 8.11 (3H, m).
The following compound was prepared in a similar manner to example 173:
Example 174
3-{4-[5-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-4-methyl-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3-yI]-butyl}-7-(5-methyl- isoxazol-3-yι)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-l H-benzo [d] azepine
Mass spectrum (API4): Found 460 (MH4). C27H30N5 OF requires 459.
Figure imgf000054_0001
Example 175
7-EthanesulfonyI-3-[4-(4-methyl-5-quinolin-6-yl-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3-ylsuIfanyl)- butyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-benzo[d]azepine
a) 6-{5-[3-(5,5-Dimethyl-[l,3]dioxan-2-yl)-propylsulfanyl]-4-methyl-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3- yl}-quinoline
4-Methyl-5-quinolin-6-yl-4H-[l,2,4]triazole-3-thiol (0.5g, 2;07mmol), 2-(3-Bromo- propyl)-5,5-dimethyl-[l,3]dioxane (0.49g, 2.07mmol) and lithium hydroxide (50mg) were heated in dimethylformamide at 100°C for 3 h. The mixture was cooled and partitioned between water (80 ml) and ethyl acetate (100ml). The layers were separated and the aqueous re-extracted with ethyl acetate (100ml). The combined organic portions were washed with brine (100ml) and then dried (Na2SO4), filtered and evaporated to give a colourless oil. Purification by silica gel chromatography (eluent EtOAc - 10% MeOH:EtOAc) which gave the title compound as a colourless solid (0.53g, 65%). # Mass Spectrum AP+: Found 399 ([MH]+). C21H26N4SO2 requires 398.
b) 4-(4-Methyl-5-quinolin-6-yl-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)-butyraldehyde 6-{5-[3-(5,5-Dimethyl-[l,3]dioxan-2-yl)-propylsulfanyl]-4-methyl-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3- yl}-quinoline (0.5 lg, 1.28mmol) was heated in water (30ml) and sulphuric acid (1.92mmol) at 100°C for 3 h. The mixture was cooled and basified with sodium carbonate. The aqueous mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (3 x 50ml) and the combined organic portions were dried (Na2SO4), filtered and evaporated to give the title compound as a colourless oil (0.38g, 95%).
Mass Spectrum AP+: Found 313 ([MH]+). C^Hi 6N4SO requires 312.
c) 7-Ethanesulfonyl-3-[4-(4-methyl-5-quinolin-6-yl-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3-ylsuIfanyl)- butyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-benzo[d]azepine
4-(4-Methyl-5-quinolin-6-yl-4H-[ 1 ,2,4]triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)-butyraldehyde (0.1 g, 0.32mmol) and 7-Ethanesulfonyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-benzo[d]azepine (OJ lg, 0.45mmol) were stirred at room temperature in dichloromethane (4ml) for 20 min. Sodium triacetoxyborohydride (71mg, 0.34mmol) was then added and the mixture stirred overnight. The mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (50ml) and washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (30ml). The aqueous was extracted with further dichloromethane (50ml) and the combined organic portions were dried (Na2SO4), filtered and evaporated to give a yellow oil. Purification by silica gel chromatography (eluent 10%) MeOH:EtOAc) which gave the title compound as a colourless oil (35mg, 21%).
Mass Spectrum AP+: Found 536 ([MH]+). C28H33N5S2O2 requires 535.
H NMR (CDCI3) δ: 1.28 (3H, t, J = 7 Hz), 1.71 (2H, m), 1.90 (2H, m), 2.54 (2H, t, J =
7 Hz), 2.65 (4H, m), 2.99 (4H, m), 3.10 (2H, t, 7 Hz), 3.37 (2H, t, J = 7Hz), 3.69 (3H, s), 7.26 (IH, d, J = 8 Hz), 7.50 (IH, m), 7.61 (IH, s), 7.64 (IH, d, J = 8 Hz), 7.97 (IH, d, J =
8 Hz), 8.16 (IH, s), 8.24 (2H, d, J = 9 Hz), 9.00 (IH, m).
The following compounds were prepared in a similar manner to Description 175:
Example 176
7-(5-Methyl-isoxazol-3-yl)-3-[4-(4-methyl-5-quinolin-6-yl-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3- ylsulfanyl)-butyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-benzo[d]azepine
Mass Spectrum AP+: Found 525 ([MH]+). C30H32N6SO requires 524.
Examp # le 177
7-(3-Methyl-isoxazol-5-yl)-3-[4-(4-methyI-5-quinolin-6-yl-4H-[l,2,4]triazol-3- ylsuIfanyl)-butyl]-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-lH-benzo[d]azepine
Mass Spectrum AP+: Found 525 ([MH]4"). C30H32N6SO requires 524.

Claims

A compound of formula (L):
Figure imgf000056_0001
Formula (I) wherein:
R2 and R3 independently represent: a hydrogen or halogen atom; a hydroxy, cyano, nitro, oxime, Ci _4.alkyl, Cχ_4alkoxy, arylCχ_4alkoxy, Cχ_4alkylthio, Cχ_4alkoxyCχ_4alkyl, C3_6cycloalkylCχ-.4alkoxy, C _4alkanoyl, Cχ_4alkoxycarbonyl, Cχ_4alkylsulfonyl, C i _4alkylsulfonyloxy, C 1 ^alkylsulfonylC _4alkyl, arylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyloxy, arylsulfonylCχ_4alkyl, Cχ_4alkylsulfonamido, C^alkylamido, C i _4alkylsulfonamidoC \ _4alkyl, C \ _4alkylamidoC 1 _4alkyl, arylsulfonamido, arylcarboxamido, arylsulfonamidoCχ_4alkyl, arylcarboxamidoCχ_4alkyl, aroyl, aroylCχ_
Figure imgf000056_0002
additional O, N or S atom in the azacycle and having 3-8 carbon atoms; or a group Ar3-Z, wherein Ar3 represents an optionally substituted phenyl ring or an optionally substituted 5- or 6- membered aromatic heterocychc ring and Z represents a bond, O, S, SO2, or CH2;
Rl and R4 independently represent H, F, CI, Br, Cχ_2alkyl, Cχalkoxy, OH, CN, or NO2;
B represents a sulfur atom or a -CH2- group; and
A represents an optionally substituted 5- or 6- membered aromatic heterocychc ring, or an optionally substituted bicyclic heterocychc ring system in which at least the ring bound to the group B in Formula (L) is aromatic;
or a salt thereof.
A compound of formula (LA) or a salt thereof:
Figure imgf000056_0003
Formula (IA)
wherein R1 to R4 and A are as defined in claim 1.
3. A compound or salt as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2 wherein A is selected from one of the groups (i), (ii) or (iii):
Figure imgf000057_0001
(i) (ii) (iϋ)
wherein:
X1 and X2 are independently N or CR8, and X3 is NR8, O or S;
Y1 and Y3 are independently N or CR9, and Y2 is NR9, O or S; Z1 is NR10, O or S, and Z2 and Z3 are independently N or CR10; and wherein:
R7 is H, a halogen atom, OH, cyano, nitro, Cχ_4alkyl, C _4alkoxy, Cχ_ 4alkylenedioxy, C^alkanoyl, or Cχ_4alkylsulfonyl, an optionally substituted 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-membered cycloalkyl ring, or a group of the formula (a), (b), (c) or (d):
— Ar — Ar^-Y-Ar2 x ^XX' (CH2) — V— (CH2LAr
(a) (b) (c) (d) in which:
Ar represents an optionally substituted phenyl ring or an optionally substituted 5- or 6- membered aromatic heterocychc ring; or an optionally substituted bicyclic ring system,
Arl and Ar2 each independently represent an optionally substituted phenyl ring or an optionally substituted 5- or 6- membered aromatic heterocychc ring, and Y represents a bond, -NHCO-, -CONH-, -CH2-, or -(CH2)mYA(CH2)n-, wherein YA represents O, S, SO2, or CO and m and n each represent zero or 1 such that the sum of m+n is zero or 1, r and s independently represent an integer from zero to 3 such that the sum of r and s is equal to an integer from 1 to 4, and V represents a bond, O or S; and
R9 is H, a halogen atom, OH, cyano, nitro, Cχ_4alkyl, Cχ_4alkoxy, Ci _ 4alkylenedioxy, Cχ_4alkanoyl, or Cj^alkylsulfonyl, an optionally substituted 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-membered cycloalkyl ring, or a group of the formula (a), (b), (c) or (d) as defined herein, provided that R9 is not a halogen atom, OH, cyano, nitro, Cχ_4alkoxy or Cχ_ 4alkylenedioxy when R9 is linked to N; or R9 together with R^ and the intervening atoms of the 5-membered heterocychc ring illustrated in groups (i), (ii) or (iii) form part of an optionally substituted 5-, 6-, or 7- membered carbocyclic or heterocychc ring; and wherein: R8 is H, OH or Ci _2alkyl, provided that R8 is H or Ci^alkyl when R8 is linked to N;
RIO is H, OH, Cj.galkyl, hydroxy-substituted Cχ_galkyl, Cι_2alkoxyCι_4alkyl, phenylCχ_4alkyl, a 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-membered cycloalkyl ring, or phenyl; wherein in phenyl, phenylCχ_4alkyl or cycloalkyl .the ring is optionally substituted by one or two fluoro or C i alkyl groups; and provided that R 0 is not OH when R x 0 is linked to N.
4. A compound or salt as claimed in claim 3 wherein in the groups (i), (ii) or (iii) one or both of xVx2/X3 and γl/Υ2/Y3 are or contain a ring heteroatom.
5. A compound or salt as claimed in claim 3 or 4 wherein: X1 and X2 are independently N or CR8, and X3 is NR8; γl and Y3 are independently N or CR9, and Y2 is NR9; and Z1 is NR*0, and Z2 and Z3 are independently N.
6. A compound of formula (IB) or a salt thereof:
Figure imgf000058_0001
Formula (IB)
wherein R to R4 are as defined in claim 1 and R? and R 0 are as defined in claim 3.
A compound of formula (IC) or a salt thereof:
Figure imgf000058_0002
Formula (IC)
wherein Rl to R^ are as defined in claim 1 and R? R9 and Rχ0 are as defined in claim 3.
8. A compound of Formula (LD) or a salt thereof:
Figure imgf000059_0001
Formula (ID)
wherein R* to R4 are as defined in claim 1 and R7, R8 and R1^ are as defined in claim 3.
9. A compound or salt as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8 wherein: in any groups of the formula (a), (b), (c) or (d) in R^ or R9, the rings or ring systems Ar, Ar or Ar2 are each independently optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from: a halogen atom, or a hydroxy, oxo, cyano, nitro, Cχ_4alkyl, Cχ_4alkoxy, Cχ_4alkylenedioxy, Cι_4alkanoyl, Cχ_4alkylsulfonyl, Cχ_4alkylsulfonyloxy, Cι_4alkylsulfmyl, Ci^alkylthio, R13SO2N(R14)-, R13R1 NSO2-, R13R14N-, R13R14NCO-, or R13CON(R14)- group wherein each of R13 and R14 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a Cχ_4 alkyl group, or R^3R^ together form a C3.6 alkylene chain; and wherein in the rings Ar and Ar2 any substituents positioned ortho to one another may optionally be linked to form a 5- or 6- membered ring; and wherein any 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-membered cycloalkyl ring in R^ and R9 is independently optionally substituted by one or two F or Cχ_2 alkyl groups or a R!5R16N_ group, wherein each of Rl5 and Rl°" independently represents a hydrogen atom or a Cχ_4 alkyl group, or R!5R16 together form a C3.6 alkylene chain.
10. A compound or salt as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9 wherein R^ is a group of the formula (a), (b), (c) or (d), or is an optionally substituted 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-membered cycloalkyl ring.
11. A compound or salt as claimed in claim 10 wherein R? is a group of the formula (a) or (b).
12. A compound or salt as claimed in claim 11 wherein R? is a group of the formula (a) being an optionally substituted phenyl ring or optionally substituted quinolinyl ring system; or R? is a group of formula (b) wherein AJI is optionally substituted phenyl, Y is a bond and Ar2 is optionally substituted phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, or a 5-membered heterocychc aromatic ring containing at least one N and one O atom.
13. A compound or salt as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 12 wherein R9 is H or a group of the formula (a).
14. A compound or salt as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 13 wherein:
R2 represents a substituent selected from: a halogen atom, cyano, acetyl, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, trifluoromethoxy, Ci _4alkylsulfonyl, Cχ_4alkylsulfonyloxy; a R5R°NSO2 group where each of R^ and R^ independently represents a hydrogen atom or a Cχ_4alkyl group, or R^R^N together form a 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-membered azacyclic group optionally containing one additional O, N or S atom in the azacycle and having 3-8 carbon atoms; or a group Ar3Z, where Z is a bond and Ar3 is an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered heterocychc aromatic ring.
15. A compound or salt as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 14 wherein R , R3, and R4 are all H.
16. A compound or salt as claimed in claim 1 wherein A is group (iv):
Figure imgf000060_0001
(iv) where R11 is as defined for R7 in claim 3; X4 is CR12a or N, X5 is CR12b or N, and X6 is CR12c or N provided that both X4 and X5 are not N; and wherein Ri2a>b,cj independently of each other, are H, a halogen atom, or a hydroxy, oxo, cyano, nitro, Cχ_4alkyl, Cχ_4alkoxy, Cχ_4alkylenedioxy, Cχ_4alkanoyl, or Cχ_4alkylsulfonyl group; a group of the formula (a), (b), (c), or (d) as defined in claim 3; or a non-aromatic 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, or 7-membered heterocychc or carbocyclic ring optionally substituted by one or two F or Cχ_2 alkyl groups or a R15 16J Γ_ group, wherein each of R!5 and R 0" independently represents a hydrogen atom or a Cχ.4 alkyl group or R!5R16 together form a C3..6 alkylene chain; and/or wherein either (a) X4 and X^, or (b) X^, Rl 1 and the intervening carbon atom, or (c) χ6 R11 and the intervening carbon atom, together form part of an optionally substituted 5-, 6-, or 7-membered carbocyclic or heterocychc ring.
17. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (I) as defined in any one of claims 1 to 16, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
18. A compound of formula (L) as defined in any one of claims 1 to 16 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use as an active therapeutic substance in a mammal.
19. The use of a compound of formula (I) as defined in any one of claims 1 to 16 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a condition in a mammal for which modulation of dopamine D3 receptors is beneficial.
20. The use of a compound of formula (I) as defined in any one of claims 1 to 16 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a psychotic condition or substance abuse in a mammal.
21. The use as claimed in claim 21 wherein the psychotic condition is schizophrenia.
22. A method of treating a condition for which modulation of dopamine D3 receptors is beneficial, which comprises admimstering to a mammal in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of formula (L) as defined in any one of claims 1 to 16 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
23. A method of treating a psychotic condition or substance abuse which comprises administering to a mammal in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of formula (L) as defined in any one of claims 1 to 16 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
24. A compound of formula (H):
Figure imgf000061_0001
Formula (II)
wherein R to R4 are as defined in any one of claims 1 to 16 provided that R^ to R4 are not all H, and X is a leaving group.
25. A compound of Formula (X) or (XL):
Figure imgf000061_0002
Formula (X) Formula (XI)
where R = ethyl, N,N-dimethylamino, pyrollidin-1-yl, or l,4-morpholin-4-yl;
or a secondary-amine-protected derivative thereof, or a salt of the compound or derivative.
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