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WO1999000171A1 - Apparatus and methods for separating solids from flowing liquids or gases - Google Patents

Apparatus and methods for separating solids from flowing liquids or gases Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1999000171A1
WO1999000171A1 PCT/AU1998/000486 AU9800486W WO9900171A1 WO 1999000171 A1 WO1999000171 A1 WO 1999000171A1 AU 9800486 W AU9800486 W AU 9800486W WO 9900171 A1 WO9900171 A1 WO 9900171A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
separation panel
liquid
gas
separation
particulate matter
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU1998/000486
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Paul Blanche
Stephen Crompton
Original Assignee
Cds Pty. Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cds Pty. Ltd. filed Critical Cds Pty. Ltd.
Priority to AU78994/98A priority Critical patent/AU7899498A/en
Publication of WO1999000171A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999000171A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
    • B07B1/46—Constructional details of screens in general; Cleaning or heating of screens
    • B07B1/50—Cleaning
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
    • B01D29/11—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with bag, cage, hose, tube, sleeve or like filtering elements
    • B01D29/117—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with bag, cage, hose, tube, sleeve or like filtering elements arranged for outward flow filtration
    • B01D29/118—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with bag, cage, hose, tube, sleeve or like filtering elements arranged for outward flow filtration open-ended
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
    • B01D29/88—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor having feed or discharge devices
    • B01D29/90—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor having feed or discharge devices for feeding
    • B01D29/908—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor having feed or discharge devices for feeding provoking a tangential stream
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/10—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filter plates, sheets or pads having plane surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
    • B07B1/18—Drum screens
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
    • B07B1/46—Constructional details of screens in general; Cleaning or heating of screens
    • B07B1/4609—Constructional details of screens in general; Cleaning or heating of screens constructional details of screening surfaces or meshes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2201/00—Details relating to filtering apparatus
    • B01D2201/18—Filters characterised by the openings or pores
    • B01D2201/184—Special form, dimension of the openings, pores of the filtering elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2201/00—Details relating to filtering apparatus
    • B01D2201/28—Position of the filtering element
    • B01D2201/287—Filtering elements with a vertical or inclined rotation or symmetry axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B2230/00—Specific aspects relating to the whole B07B subclass
    • B07B2230/04—The screen or the screened materials being subjected to ultrasonic vibration

Definitions

  • This invention relates to apparatus and methods for separating solids or particulate matter from flowing liquids or gases.
  • the invention is particularly suited for separating fine solids or particulate matter from a flowing liquid or gas.
  • the present invention is particularly suitable for separating fine solids or particulates from a flowing liquid or gas.
  • a flowing liquid or gas contains fine as well as larger (or even gross) solids or particulates entrained within its flowpath, the larger solids are more readily separated, using the apparatus and methods disclosed in our earlier international patent applications (mentioned above), than the finer solids.
  • particle shape and other factors that might influence the behaviour of a particle entrained in the flow of a liquid or gas such smaller solids tend to be less simple to separate from the flowing liquid or gas, than larger sized ones.
  • smaller sized solids have an increased tendency to adhere to the separation panel, than larger ones.
  • the present invention generally provides an apparatus for separating solid or particulate matter from a flowing liquid or gas, the apparatus including:
  • the separation panel positioned in the path of flow of the liquid or gas, the separation panel including a plurality of openings, wherein the openings are of a predetermined size such that only solid or particulate matter smaller than that size is able to pass through the openings, and further, the configuration and arrangement of the openings on the separation panel is such that in use of the apparatus, solid or particulate matter larger than the predetermined size is substantially prevented from adhering to or obstructing the separation panel; and
  • the arrangement of the openings in the separation panel is such that, in use of the apparatus, the openings are disposed at an angle relative to the direction of flow of the liquid or gas.
  • the arrangement of the openings in the separation panel may not be required.
  • each opening includes a deflection means generally opposed to the direction of flow of the liquid or gas, to assist in deflecting solid or particulate matter entrained in the flow, away from the openings.
  • the separation panel takes the form of a curved structure.
  • the apparatus includes an open ended generally cylindrical separation panel. It is particularly preferred that the separation panel is in the form of a generally cylindrical structure. In this preferred form of the invention, it is also preferred that the separation panel forms part of a larger separation chamber, into which, in use of the apparatus, the liquid or gas flow is introduced by an inlet means, so as to establish a circular flow of the liquid or gas within the separation panel such that solids or particulate matter of a predetermined size to be entrained in the liquid or gas, to be trapped and to circulate within the confines of the separation panel.
  • the circular motion of the flowing liquid or gas within the separation panel also results in the entrained solids or particulate matter generally not adhering to the separation panel, but being entrained in the circular motion of the liquid or gas.
  • the establishment of a circular flow motion of the gas or liquid within the separation panel is such as to enable the separation panel to act as a generally self-cleaning filter for the solid or particulate matter entrained within the flowing liquid or gas.
  • the fact that the liquid or gas is able to pass freely through the openings in the separation panel means that the panel is able to filter solid or particulate matter of a predetermined size from the flowing liquid or gas, thereby enabling the liquid or gas to be discharged to an outlet means, at least substantially filtered of the solid or particulate matter.
  • the means for discouraging adherence to or obstruction of the separation panel includes means for applying kinetic energy to the separation panel or to the liquid or gas flowing through the separation apparatus. Such means would therefore act so as to agitate the separation panel and/or the liquid or gas, in order to dislodge any solids or particulates having a tendency to adhere to or obstruct the separation panel, or to prevent or discourage them from adhering to or obstructing the separation panel.
  • such means may take the form of a mechanism for vibrating or shaking the separation panel, so as to encourage particularly fine solids to move away from the separation panel, in use of the apparatus.
  • such means could take any number of other suitable forms, including: providing the separation panel with means for delivering an injection of a gas or liquid (from either within the confines of the separation panel or from outside it) so as to act as an additional means for discouraging the obstruction of the separation panel;
  • the separation panel from a material (or coating it with a material) that prevents or discourages solids or particulate matter entrained in the flow of the liquid or gas through the separation apparatus from adhering to, or obstructing the separation panel;
  • Such means could, for example, take the form of an impeller apparatus.
  • the configuration of the apparatus may be such that in use, the flow of the liquid or gas outside the confines of the separation panel is in a direction opposite to the direction of flow of the liquid or gas within the confines of the separation panel.
  • the direction of flow may be the same within and outside the confines of the separation panel.
  • the apparatus further includes means for facilitating the collection of the solid or particulate matter into a receptacle, from which it may be removed.
  • gravitational forces may combine with the circular motion of the gas or liquid within the cylindrical separation panel, so as generally to encourage the deposition of the solid or particulate matter into a receptacle which may be positioned generally below and/or above the separation panel, depending upon the specific gravity of the solid or particulate matter.
  • solids or particulate matter having a lower specific gravity than the liquid or gas they will tend to float on the surface of the liquid or gas, in which case, they can be collected by a receptacle generally disposed above the separation panel.
  • solids or particulate matter having a higher specific gravity than the liquid or gas they will tend to settle under the action of gravitational forces, in which case, a receptacle to capture them will generally be disposed below the separation panel.
  • the apparatus may also include mechanical means to assist the deposition of the solid or particulate matter in the receptacle, through the action of gravity.
  • Such means could take any number of forms, but would include, for example, providing the receptacle with a baffle or flange directed downwardly to encourage the deposition of settleable solid or particulate matter.
  • the invention also provides a method for separating solid or particulate matter from a flowing liquid or gas, the method including the steps of:
  • the openings are of a predetermined size such that only solid or particulate matter smaller than that size is able to pass through the openings, and wherein further, the configuration and arrangement of the openings on the separation panel is such that in use of the apparatus, solid or particulate matter larger than the predetermined size is substantially prevented from adhering to, or obstructing the separation panel;
  • the arrangement of the openings is such that the openings are disposed at an angle relative to the direction of flow of the liquid or gas.
  • each opening includes a deflection means generally opposed to the direction of flow of the liquid or gas, to assist in deflecting solid or particulate matter entrained in the flow, away from the opening.
  • the separation panel takes the form of a curved structure.
  • the separation panel takes the form of an open ended generally cylindrical structure, and the separation apparatus includes inlet and outlet means for directing the flow of liquid or gas into, and out of, the separation apparatus respectively. It is particularly preferred that the separation panel is an open ended generally cylindrical structure.
  • the arrangement is such that the liquid or gas is introduced into the separation apparatus via the inlet means and presented to a separation chamber which includes a generally cylindrical separation panel, so that a circular motion of the liquid or gas is established within the confines of the separation panel, so as generally to trap solid or particulate matter of a pre-determined size within the separation panel, yet at the same time, permit the liquid or gas to pass therethrough freely, and so that the separation panel is continually cleaned by the circular motion of the liquid or gas within it.
  • the additional means for discouraging obstruction, or adherence of solids to the separation panel may take any of the forms discussed earlier in this specification in the context of the apparatus aspect of the invention.
  • the configuration of the apparatus may be such that in use, the flow of the liquid or gas outside the confines of the separation panel is in a direction opposite to the direction of flow of the liquid or gas within the confines of the separation panel.
  • the direction of flow may be the same both within and outside the confines of the separation panel.
  • the method also includes the step of providing means to facilitate the collection of the solid or particulate matter separated by the method, from the flowing liquid or gas.
  • Such means could, for example, utilise the assistance of gravitational forces, to assist in the collection of the solid or particulate matter.
  • the method also includes means for facilitating the removal from the separation apparatus, of solids or particulate matter separated from the flowing liquid or gas.
  • Figure 1 is a plan view of one example of a separator made in accordance with the invention.
  • Figure 2 represents a view (in the direction of the arrow marked "B" in Figure 1) of a vertical section of the separator shown in Figure 1 , taken along the line A-A in that Figure;
  • Figure 3 shows an enlarged horizontal section of part of a separator panel for use in the invention
  • Figure 4 is a view from the side of a vertical section through an exemplary separator made in accordance with the invention.
  • Figure 5 represents a schematic perspective view of the exemplary separator shown in Figures 1 -4.
  • Figure 1 shows a plan view of an apparatus constructed in accordance with the invention, and which could be used to separate solids from a flowing liquid, such as water (and particularly, storm water).
  • the apparatus shown, generally denoted 25, includes a separation panel 1 , which as depicted, is of a generally circular shape, when viewed in horizontal cross-section. When viewed in three dimensions (as shown more particularly in Figure 2), it can be seen that the separation panel 1 has an open- ended generally cylindrical configuration.
  • the separation panel 1 is located within a separation chamber 2.
  • the liquid enters the separation apparatus 25 via an inlet means 3, in the direction of the arrow 27 shown in Figure 1.
  • the inlet channel 3 curves to the left until reaching the body 37 of the separator 25, where water and entrained solids or particulate matter are presented through an opening 8 into the interior 19 of the separation panel 1.
  • the generally cylindrical configuration of the separation panel 1 is such that when the water leaves the opening 8 and enters the interior (or confines) 19 of the separation panel 1 , a circular flow motion is established within the confines 19 of the separation panel 1 , in the direction shown by the arrow 29 shown in Figure 1.
  • the exemplary separation panel 1 depicted consists of a number of deflection means in the form of solid deflective segments 10 which generally present a closed face to the direction of flow of the liquid (as shown by the arrow numbered 31 in Figure 3) within the separation panel 1. Behind each deflective segment 10 in the separation panel, there is an opening 9. As illustrated, each opening 9 is disposed at an angle to the direction of flow of the liquid in the separation panel 1. Moreover, the openings 9 are all of a predetermined size, which is such as to permit the passage only of particulate matter smaller in size than that of the openings. The liquid is of course, also able to pass freely through the openings.
  • the effect of this arrangement of features is that only the liquid, and solids or particulate matter of a size smaller than that of the openings 9 are able to pass through the separation panel. Solids or particulate matter of a larger size are therefore trapped within the confines 19 of the separation panel. Moreover, the circular motion of the liquid within the confines 19 of the separation panel means that trapped solids or particles are continuously deflected from the interior wall 33 of the separation panel. The net effect of this arrangement is therefore that the separation panel 1 is substantially self-cleaning.
  • Solids trapped within the confines 19 of the separation panel are therefore caused to continue moving by the circular flow until they settle under gravity, or, if floatable, are retained on the surface.
  • untrapped solids and the liquid are able to pass through the separation panel into the upper portion 5 of the separation chamber 2, and thence to the outlet means 6 (which, as shown in Figure 1 , may take the form of a channel, pipe or other suitable outlet structure).
  • the flow of the liquid or gas outside the confines of the separation panel is in a direction opposite to the direction of its flow within the confines of the liquid or gas.
  • This counter-current flow motion on opposite sides of the separation panel establishes a kinetic equilibrium which in turn facilitates the generally self-cleaning function of the circular flow motion established within the confines 19 of the separation panel.
  • the direction of flow of the liquid or gas within the confines 19 of the separation panel may be the same as the direction of flow within the confines 19.
  • Such an alternative relative flow pattern could be established by configuring the separator appropriately in order to achieve that outcome.
  • the separation apparatus 25 additionally includes means separate to the separation panel 1 , for discouraging solids or particulate matter from adhering to or blocking the separation panel 1 , in use of apparatus 25.
  • Such means are shown schematically in Figure 5 as taking the form of means 55 for agitating the separation panel, in use of the separation apparatus 55.
  • Such means 55 could take the form of an auxiliary apparatus for agitating the separation panel 1 by shaking or vibrating it.
  • Such agitation would have the effect, in addition to the generally self-cleaning action, in use of the separation apparatus 25, of discouraging the adherence of solids or particulate matter to the separation panel 1 , and thereby, would act as an additional means for assisting to avoid any obstruction of the separation panel 1.
  • additional means even superior solid/liquid or solid/gas separations than were previously thought possible can be achieved, in that the provision of such additional means for effecting separation would assist particularly in separating fine solids (ie, solids or particulates having a relatively small diameter or particle size) from tending to accumulate on or in the vicinity of the separation panel 1.
  • Such additional means would be beneficial in a number of filtration applications, such as (for example):
  • the additional means for preventing obstruction of, or adherence of solids to the separation panel could take many other forms. Such forms would include the following:
  • (iii) means for imparting sound waves (either audible or ultrasonic) to the separation apparatus, in order to deliver kinetic energy to the filtration system, in use of the apparatus, so as thereby to dislodge from the separation panel, or to discourage the adherence of any solids or particulates having a tendency to adhere to or remain in the vicinity of the separation panel, in use of the apparatus;
  • the separation panel could be coated with a plastics material, such as Teflon, which would generally discourage solids or particulates from adhering to that panel, in use of the apparatus.
  • a plastics material such as Teflon
  • the means for agitating the flow of liquid or gas through the separation apparatus could, in some applications of the invention, take the form of an impeller, or a like apparatus.
  • the separation apparatus 25 may also include a receptacle 4, such as a collection sump, for the containment (and removal, if desired) of settleable solids.
  • the sump 4 may be sized or configured so as to slow down the circular flow of the liquid at the lower portion of the apparatus 25, so as to facilitate settlement of solids.
  • the sump 4 may also be provided with any suitable means to facilitate the removal of settled solid or particulate matter. Such means could include, for example, periodic removal by education, or a mechanical bucket or basket that is suspended in the sump. Floatables which are left floating on the top of the body of water treated by the separation apparatus 25 could be removed by any convenient means.
  • the separation apparatus may also include means for assisting the settlement of solids into the sump 4.
  • the means shown in Figure 4 take the form of a downwardly directed annular flange or baffle 17, which assists in directing downwardly moving solids into sump 4.
  • the flange or baffle 17 also substantially prevents the circular motion of the liquid or gas within the upper regions of the separation chamber from being transferred into the sump 4.
  • the cylindrical separation panel 1 may be fitted with a continuation part 7 of the same material (or of another, generally impervious material) above the level of the normal inlet flow.
  • This continuation part 7 ensures the retention of floating solids if the separation apparatus is subjected to head pressure (eg during flood conditions), if the apparatus is being used, for example, for the removal of litter from urban stormwater runoff.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Filtration Of Liquid (AREA)

Abstract

An apparatus for separating solid or particulate matter from a flowing liquid or gas, the apparatus including: a separation panel positioned in the path of flow of the liquid or gas, the separation panel including a plurality of openings, wherein the openings are of a predetermined size such that only solid or particulate matter smaller than that size is able to pass through the openings, and wherein further, the configuration and arrangement of the openings on the separation panel is such that, in use of the apparatus, solid or particulate matter larger than the predetermined size is substantially prevented from adhering to or obstructing the separation panel; and means additional to the separation panel for discouraging any solid or particulate matter from adhering to or obstructing the separation panel, in use of the apparatus.

Description

APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM
FLOWING LIQUIDS OR GASES
Introduction
This invention relates to apparatus and methods for separating solids or particulate matter from flowing liquids or gases. The invention is particularly suited for separating fine solids or particulate matter from a flowing liquid or gas.
Background to the Invention
In our international patent applications nos. PCT/AU94/0061 and PCT/AU95/00351 to Applicants, the entire disclosure of which are incorporated herein by reference, we disclosed certain forms of apparatus and methods for separating solids from flowing liquids or gases. We have found that while those methods and forms of apparatus work very well, even superior separations can be achieved by utilising the apparatus and method of the present invention.
The present invention is particularly suitable for separating fine solids or particulates from a flowing liquid or gas. We have now found that where a flowing liquid or gas contains fine as well as larger (or even gross) solids or particulates entrained within its flowpath, the larger solids are more readily separated, using the apparatus and methods disclosed in our earlier international patent applications (mentioned above), than the finer solids. Hence, (and disregarding for the moment, particle shape and other factors that might influence the behaviour of a particle entrained in the flow of a liquid or gas), such smaller solids tend to be less simple to separate from the flowing liquid or gas, than larger sized ones. We have found that smaller sized solids have an increased tendency to adhere to the separation panel, than larger ones. In applications where only larger sized solids need to be separated from the flowing liquid or gas, this is not an issue. In some applications however, the separation of fine solids is of greater or more direct interest. The present invention therefore aims to provide apparatus and methods that are particularly suitable for this purpose. Summary of the Invention
The present invention generally provides an apparatus for separating solid or particulate matter from a flowing liquid or gas, the apparatus including:
a separation panel positioned in the path of flow of the liquid or gas, the separation panel including a plurality of openings, wherein the openings are of a predetermined size such that only solid or particulate matter smaller than that size is able to pass through the openings, and further, the configuration and arrangement of the openings on the separation panel is such that in use of the apparatus, solid or particulate matter larger than the predetermined size is substantially prevented from adhering to or obstructing the separation panel; and
means additional to the separation panel for discouraging any solid or particulate matter from adhering to or obstructing the separation panel, in use of the apparatus.
Preferably, the arrangement of the openings in the separation panel is such that, in use of the apparatus, the openings are disposed at an angle relative to the direction of flow of the liquid or gas. In the case of separation apparatus intended for use in achieving particularly fine separations however, such an arrangement of the openings in the separation panel may not be required.
However, in embodiments of the invention in which the openings are disposed at an angle relative to the direction of flow of the liquid or gas, it is preferred that the configuration of the openings is such that each opening includes a deflection means generally opposed to the direction of flow of the liquid or gas, to assist in deflecting solid or particulate matter entrained in the flow, away from the openings.
In a preferred form of the invention, the separation panel takes the form of a curved structure.
It is particularly preferred that the apparatus includes an open ended generally cylindrical separation panel. It is particularly preferred that the separation panel is in the form of a generally cylindrical structure. In this preferred form of the invention, it is also preferred that the separation panel forms part of a larger separation chamber, into which, in use of the apparatus, the liquid or gas flow is introduced by an inlet means, so as to establish a circular flow of the liquid or gas within the separation panel such that solids or particulate matter of a predetermined size to be entrained in the liquid or gas, to be trapped and to circulate within the confines of the separation panel. The circular motion of the flowing liquid or gas within the separation panel also results in the entrained solids or particulate matter generally not adhering to the separation panel, but being entrained in the circular motion of the liquid or gas. In this way, the establishment of a circular flow motion of the gas or liquid within the separation panel is such as to enable the separation panel to act as a generally self-cleaning filter for the solid or particulate matter entrained within the flowing liquid or gas. The fact that the liquid or gas is able to pass freely through the openings in the separation panel means that the panel is able to filter solid or particulate matter of a predetermined size from the flowing liquid or gas, thereby enabling the liquid or gas to be discharged to an outlet means, at least substantially filtered of the solid or particulate matter.
The means for discouraging adherence to or obstruction of the separation panel includes means for applying kinetic energy to the separation panel or to the liquid or gas flowing through the separation apparatus. Such means would therefore act so as to agitate the separation panel and/or the liquid or gas, in order to dislodge any solids or particulates having a tendency to adhere to or obstruct the separation panel, or to prevent or discourage them from adhering to or obstructing the separation panel. In particularly preferred forms of the invention, such means may take the form of a mechanism for vibrating or shaking the separation panel, so as to encourage particularly fine solids to move away from the separation panel, in use of the apparatus.
Alternatively, such means could take any number of other suitable forms, including: providing the separation panel with means for delivering an injection of a gas or liquid (from either within the confines of the separation panel or from outside it) so as to act as an additional means for discouraging the obstruction of the separation panel;
providing means for imparting an electrical charge or field to the separation panel, so as to repel any solids or particulates having a tendency to adhere to or obstruct that panel;
providing means for imparting sonic or ultrasonic waves so as to dispel any adhering or obstructing solid or particulate matter;
forming the separation panel from a material (or coating it with a material) that prevents or discourages solids or particulate matter entrained in the flow of the liquid or gas through the separation apparatus from adhering to, or obstructing the separation panel; and
providing the separation apparatus with means for agitating the liquid or gas flowing through it. Such means could, for example, take the form of an impeller apparatus.
The configuration of the apparatus may be such that in use, the flow of the liquid or gas outside the confines of the separation panel is in a direction opposite to the direction of flow of the liquid or gas within the confines of the separation panel. Alternatively, the direction of flow may be the same within and outside the confines of the separation panel.
Preferably, the apparatus further includes means for facilitating the collection of the solid or particulate matter into a receptacle, from which it may be removed. In some embodiments of the invention, gravitational forces may combine with the circular motion of the gas or liquid within the cylindrical separation panel, so as generally to encourage the deposition of the solid or particulate matter into a receptacle which may be positioned generally below and/or above the separation panel, depending upon the specific gravity of the solid or particulate matter. In the case of solids or particulate matter having a lower specific gravity than the liquid or gas, they will tend to float on the surface of the liquid or gas, in which case, they can be collected by a receptacle generally disposed above the separation panel. In the case of solids or particulate matter having a higher specific gravity than the liquid or gas, they will tend to settle under the action of gravitational forces, in which case, a receptacle to capture them will generally be disposed below the separation panel.
The apparatus may also include mechanical means to assist the deposition of the solid or particulate matter in the receptacle, through the action of gravity. Such means could take any number of forms, but would include, for example, providing the receptacle with a baffle or flange directed downwardly to encourage the deposition of settleable solid or particulate matter.
The invention also provides a method for separating solid or particulate matter from a flowing liquid or gas, the method including the steps of:
positioning a separation apparatus in the path of flow of the liquid or gas;
providing the separation apparatus with a separation panel having:
a plurality of openings therethrough, wherein the openings are of a predetermined size such that only solid or particulate matter smaller than that size is able to pass through the openings, and wherein further, the configuration and arrangement of the openings on the separation panel is such that in use of the apparatus, solid or particulate matter larger than the predetermined size is substantially prevented from adhering to, or obstructing the separation panel; and
means additional to the separation panel for discouraging any solid particulate matter from adhering to or obstructing the separation panel, in use of the method.
Preferably further, in the method, the arrangement of the openings is such that the openings are disposed at an angle relative to the direction of flow of the liquid or gas.
It is also preferred, in the method, that each opening includes a deflection means generally opposed to the direction of flow of the liquid or gas, to assist in deflecting solid or particulate matter entrained in the flow, away from the opening.
Preferably, in the method described above, the separation panel takes the form of a curved structure.
Preferably further, in the method described above, the separation panel takes the form of an open ended generally cylindrical structure, and the separation apparatus includes inlet and outlet means for directing the flow of liquid or gas into, and out of, the separation apparatus respectively. It is particularly preferred that the separation panel is an open ended generally cylindrical structure.
It is particularly preferred, in the said method, that the arrangement is such that the liquid or gas is introduced into the separation apparatus via the inlet means and presented to a separation chamber which includes a generally cylindrical separation panel, so that a circular motion of the liquid or gas is established within the confines of the separation panel, so as generally to trap solid or particulate matter of a pre-determined size within the separation panel, yet at the same time, permit the liquid or gas to pass therethrough freely, and so that the separation panel is continually cleaned by the circular motion of the liquid or gas within it.
The additional means for discouraging obstruction, or adherence of solids to the separation panel may take any of the forms discussed earlier in this specification in the context of the apparatus aspect of the invention.
In the method, the configuration of the apparatus may be such that in use, the flow of the liquid or gas outside the confines of the separation panel is in a direction opposite to the direction of flow of the liquid or gas within the confines of the separation panel. Alternatively, the direction of flow may be the same both within and outside the confines of the separation panel.
Preferably further, the method also includes the step of providing means to facilitate the collection of the solid or particulate matter separated by the method, from the flowing liquid or gas. Such means could, for example, utilise the assistance of gravitational forces, to assist in the collection of the solid or particulate matter.
Preferably further, the method also includes means for facilitating the removal from the separation apparatus, of solids or particulate matter separated from the flowing liquid or gas.
Description of Preferred Embodiments of the Invention
In order that the invention may be further understood, we will now describe preferred embodiments of it, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawing in which:
Figure 1 is a plan view of one example of a separator made in accordance with the invention;
Figure 2 represents a view (in the direction of the arrow marked "B" in Figure 1) of a vertical section of the separator shown in Figure 1 , taken along the line A-A in that Figure;
Figure 3 shows an enlarged horizontal section of part of a separator panel for use in the invention;
Figure 4 is a view from the side of a vertical section through an exemplary separator made in accordance with the invention; and
Figure 5 represents a schematic perspective view of the exemplary separator shown in Figures 1 -4.
Referring now to the accompanying drawing, Figure 1 shows a plan view of an apparatus constructed in accordance with the invention, and which could be used to separate solids from a flowing liquid, such as water (and particularly, storm water). The apparatus shown, generally denoted 25, includes a separation panel 1 , which as depicted, is of a generally circular shape, when viewed in horizontal cross-section. When viewed in three dimensions (as shown more particularly in Figure 2), it can be seen that the separation panel 1 has an open- ended generally cylindrical configuration.
As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the separation panel 1 is located within a separation chamber 2. The liquid enters the separation apparatus 25 via an inlet means 3, in the direction of the arrow 27 shown in Figure 1. As shown in Figure 1 , the inlet channel 3 curves to the left until reaching the body 37 of the separator 25, where water and entrained solids or particulate matter are presented through an opening 8 into the interior 19 of the separation panel 1. The generally cylindrical configuration of the separation panel 1 is such that when the water leaves the opening 8 and enters the interior (or confines) 19 of the separation panel 1 , a circular flow motion is established within the confines 19 of the separation panel 1 , in the direction shown by the arrow 29 shown in Figure 1.
Referring now to Figure 3, it will be seen that the exemplary separation panel 1 depicted consists of a number of deflection means in the form of solid deflective segments 10 which generally present a closed face to the direction of flow of the liquid (as shown by the arrow numbered 31 in Figure 3) within the separation panel 1. Behind each deflective segment 10 in the separation panel, there is an opening 9. As illustrated, each opening 9 is disposed at an angle to the direction of flow of the liquid in the separation panel 1. Moreover, the openings 9 are all of a predetermined size, which is such as to permit the passage only of particulate matter smaller in size than that of the openings. The liquid is of course, also able to pass freely through the openings. In use of the separation apparatus 25, the effect of this arrangement of features is that only the liquid, and solids or particulate matter of a size smaller than that of the openings 9 are able to pass through the separation panel. Solids or particulate matter of a larger size are therefore trapped within the confines 19 of the separation panel. Moreover, the circular motion of the liquid within the confines 19 of the separation panel means that trapped solids or particles are continuously deflected from the interior wall 33 of the separation panel. The net effect of this arrangement is therefore that the separation panel 1 is substantially self-cleaning.
Solids trapped within the confines 19 of the separation panel are therefore caused to continue moving by the circular flow until they settle under gravity, or, if floatable, are retained on the surface. At the same time, untrapped solids and the liquid are able to pass through the separation panel into the upper portion 5 of the separation chamber 2, and thence to the outlet means 6 (which, as shown in Figure 1 , may take the form of a channel, pipe or other suitable outlet structure).
As shown in Figure 3, preferably, the flow of the liquid or gas outside the confines of the separation panel is in a direction opposite to the direction of its flow within the confines of the liquid or gas. This counter-current flow motion on opposite sides of the separation panel establishes a kinetic equilibrium which in turn facilitates the generally self-cleaning function of the circular flow motion established within the confines 19 of the separation panel. In yet other embodiments of the invention, the direction of flow of the liquid or gas within the confines 19 of the separation panel may be the same as the direction of flow within the confines 19. Such an alternative relative flow pattern could be established by configuring the separator appropriately in order to achieve that outcome.
As shown by the ghost lines in Figure 1 , and as shown schematically in Figure 5, the separation apparatus 25 additionally includes means separate to the separation panel 1 , for discouraging solids or particulate matter from adhering to or blocking the separation panel 1 , in use of apparatus 25. Such means are shown schematically in Figure 5 as taking the form of means 55 for agitating the separation panel, in use of the separation apparatus 55. Such means 55 could take the form of an auxiliary apparatus for agitating the separation panel 1 by shaking or vibrating it. Such agitation would have the effect, in addition to the generally self-cleaning action, in use of the separation apparatus 25, of discouraging the adherence of solids or particulate matter to the separation panel 1 , and thereby, would act as an additional means for assisting to avoid any obstruction of the separation panel 1. By the use of such additional means, even superior solid/liquid or solid/gas separations than were previously thought possible can be achieved, in that the provision of such additional means for effecting separation would assist particularly in separating fine solids (ie, solids or particulates having a relatively small diameter or particle size) from tending to accumulate on or in the vicinity of the separation panel 1. Such additional means would be beneficial in a number of filtration applications, such as (for example):
• separating solids from orange juice;
• separating cow hair or other fine contaminants from milk;
• separating fine solids in the manufacture of brake fluids; and
• separating curds from whey; and
• separating fine solids from stormwater or sewerage overflows.
These are but some of the many examples of uses to which the apparatus and methods of the present invention could be applied.
The additional means for preventing obstruction of, or adherence of solids to the separation panel could take many other forms. Such forms would include the following:
(i) means for delivering an injection of a gas or a liquid either within the confines of the separation panel, or to the outside of the separation panel;
(ii) means for delivering an electrical charge or field to the separation panel, in order to repel (particularly) small particles from adhering to or obstructing it;
(iii) means for imparting sound waves (either audible or ultrasonic) to the separation apparatus, in order to deliver kinetic energy to the filtration system, in use of the apparatus, so as thereby to dislodge from the separation panel, or to discourage the adherence of any solids or particulates having a tendency to adhere to or remain in the vicinity of the separation panel, in use of the apparatus;
(iv) forming the separation panel from a material (or coating it with a material) that prevents or discourages solids or particulate matter entrained in the flow of the liquid or gas through the separation apparatus, from adhering to or obstructing the separation panel; and
(v) providing the separation apparatus with means for agitating the liquid or gas flowing through it.
By way of more detailed illustration of these exemplary means, in example (iv) described above, in some applications of the present invention, the separation panel could be coated with a plastics material, such as Teflon, which would generally discourage solids or particulates from adhering to that panel, in use of the apparatus. Further, in exemplary means (v), the means for agitating the flow of liquid or gas through the separation apparatus, could, in some applications of the invention, take the form of an impeller, or a like apparatus.
These are but examples of the many forms which such means could take, as would be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art.
As shown in Figures 2 and 4, the separation apparatus 25 may also include a receptacle 4, such as a collection sump, for the containment (and removal, if desired) of settleable solids. The sump 4 may be sized or configured so as to slow down the circular flow of the liquid at the lower portion of the apparatus 25, so as to facilitate settlement of solids. The sump 4 may also be provided with any suitable means to facilitate the removal of settled solid or particulate matter. Such means could include, for example, periodic removal by education, or a mechanical bucket or basket that is suspended in the sump. Floatables which are left floating on the top of the body of water treated by the separation apparatus 25 could be removed by any convenient means. As shown more particularly in Figure 4, the separation apparatus may also include means for assisting the settlement of solids into the sump 4. The means shown in Figure 4 take the form of a downwardly directed annular flange or baffle 17, which assists in directing downwardly moving solids into sump 4. The flange or baffle 17 also substantially prevents the circular motion of the liquid or gas within the upper regions of the separation chamber from being transferred into the sump 4.
Referring now to Figure 2, as illustrated, the cylindrical separation panel 1 may be fitted with a continuation part 7 of the same material (or of another, generally impervious material) above the level of the normal inlet flow. This continuation part 7 ensures the retention of floating solids if the separation apparatus is subjected to head pressure (eg during flood conditions), if the apparatus is being used, for example, for the removal of litter from urban stormwater runoff.
Where particularly "purified" liquids or gases are required at the conclusion of the filtration procedure, it is possible for the outlet from one separation apparatus according to the invention to feed into the inlet for a second such separator, and therefore, for the liquid or gas to be filtered sequentially by two or more such separators, arranged in series. In such an arrangement, the size of the openings in the separation panels for the second and subsequent separators could be sequentially (and increasingly) smaller, so that each subsequent separator removes increasingly finer particles. Hence, by this arrangement, very high, or indeed, any desired level of filtration or purification could be achieved.
While much of the aforegoing description of the preferred embodiments has been concerned with apparatus for separating solids entrained in liquids, it is to be understood that the invention is equally applicable to the separation of solids entrained in gases. Generally, for more efficient operation of gas/solid separators constructed in accordance with the invention, it would be necessary for the separator to be constructed as a sealed unit, so as to prevent the undesired escape of gases undergoing filtration. (This is a feature which could also be utilised in some liquid/solid separators constructed in accordance with the present invention). In this way, solid matter entrained in exhaust gases and gaseous emissions from various manufacturing plants, could be filtered in much the same way as solid bearing liquids are treated, using the apparatus and methods of the present invention.
Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that although the invention has been described as being particularly suitable for use in the separation of file solids from flowing liquids or gases, it is also equally applicable to separating larger solids from the flow of a liquid or gas.
Persons skilled in the art will therefore readily appreciate that the apparatus and methods of the present invention are capable of being put to many different uses, and that they embrace many modifications and variations. It is therefore to be understood that the spirit and scope of the present invention is in no way limited to the particular details of the preferred embodiments described herein, but extends to, and is to be determined by reference to each novel feature and combination of features defined by the appended claims. It is further to be understood that wherever used in this specification, forms of the word "comprises" are equivalent to forms of the word "includes", and are thus not to be taken as implying the exclusion of any additional features to those specifically recited.

Claims

1. An apparatus for separating solid or particulate matter from a flowing liquid or gas, the apparatus including:
a separation panel positioned in the path of flow of the liquid or gas, the separation panel including a plurality of openings, wherein the openings are of a predetermined size such that only solid or particulate matter smaller than that size is able to pass through the openings, and wherien further, the configuration and arrangement of the openings on the separation panel is such that, in use of the apparatus, solid or particulate matter larger than the predetermined size is substantially prevented from adhering to or obstructing the separation panel; and
means additional to the separation panel for discouraging any solid or particulate matter from adhering to or obstructing the separation panel, in use of the apparatus.
2. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 1 , wherein the arrangement of the openings in the separation panel is such that, the openings are disposed at an angle relative to the direction of flow of the liquid or gas.
3. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 2, wherein each opening includes a deflection means generally opposed to the direction of flow of the liquid or gas, to assist in deflecting solid or particulate matter entrained in the flow, away from the openings.
4. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 1 , wherein the apparatus includes a generally cylindrical open ended separation panel.
5. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 4, wherein the separation panel forms part of a larger separation chamber, into which, in use of the apparatus, the liquid or gas flow is introduced by an inlet means so as to establish a circular flow of liquid or gas within the separation panel, such that solids or particulate matter of a predetermined size are entrained in the liquid or gas to be trapped and to circulate within the confines of the separation panel.
6. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 1 , wherein the configuration of the apparatus is such that, in use of the apparatus, the flow of the liquid or gas outside the confines of the separation panel is in a direction opposite to the direction of flow of the liquid or gas within the confines of the separation panel.
7. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 1 , wherein the means for discouraging adherence to or obstruction of the separation panel includes means for applying kinetic energy to the separation panel, or to the liquid or gas flowing through the separation apparatus.
8. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 6, wherein the means for applying kinetic energy includes a mechanism for vibrating or shaking the separation panel, so as to encourage particularly fine solids to move away from the separation panel in use of the apparatus.
9. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 1 , wherein the means for discouraging adherence to or obstruction of the separation panel includes a separation panel formed from or, coated with, a material that prevents or discourages solids or particulate matter from adhering to or obstructing the separation panel.
10. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 1 , further including means for facilitating the collection of the solid or particulate matter into a receptacle, from which it may be removed.
11. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 10, wherein, when the solids or particulate matter has a lower specific gravity than the liquid or gas, the means for facilitating collection includes a receptacle generally disposed above the separation panel.
12. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 10, wherein, when the solids or particulate matter has a specific gravity higher than the liquid or gas, the means for facilitating collection includes a receptacle disposed generally below the separation panel.
13. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 12, wherein the receptacle includes a baffle or flange directed downwardly to encourage the deposition of settleable solid or particulate matter.
14. A method for separating solid or particulate matter from a flowing liquid or gas, the method including the steps of:
positioning a separation apparatus in the path of flow of the liquid or gas;
providing the separation apparatus with a separation panel having:
a plurality of openings therethrough, wherein the openings are of a predetermined size such that only solid or particulate matter smaller than that size is able to pass through the openings, and wherein further, the configuration and arrangement of the openings on the separation panel is such that in use of the apparatus, solid or particulate matter larger than the predetermined size is substantially prevented from adhering to, or obstructing the separation panel; and
means additional to the separation panel for discouraging any solid particulate matter from adhering to or obstructing the separation panel, in use of the method.
15. A method as claimed in Claim 14, wherein the arrangement of the openings is such that the openings are disposed at an angle relative to the direction of flow of the liquid or gas.
16. A method as claimed in Claim 15, wherein each opening includes a deflection means generally opposed to the direction of flow of the liquid or gas, to assist in deflecting solid or particulate matter entrained in the flow, away from the opening.
17. A method as claimed in Claim 14, wherein the separation apparatus includes a generally cylindrical open ended separation panel.
18. A method as claimed in Claim 17, wherein the separation panel forms part of a larger separation chamber, into which, in use of the method, the liquid or gas flow is introduced by an inlet means so as to establish a circular flow of liquid or gas within the separation panel, such that solids or particulate matter of a predetermined size are entrained in the liquid or gas to be trapped and to circulate within the confines of the separation panel.
19. A method as claimed in Claim 14, wherein the means for discouraging adherence to or obstruction of the separation panel includes means for applying kinetic energy to the separation panel, or to the liquid or gas flowing through the separation apparatus.
20. A method as claimed in Claim 19, wherein the means for applying kinetic energy includes a mechanism for vibrating or shaking the separation panel, so as to encourage particularly fine solids to move away from the separation panel in use of the method.
21. An apparatus as claimed in Claim 1 , substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to any one of the accompanying drawings.
PCT/AU1998/000486 1997-06-26 1998-06-25 Apparatus and methods for separating solids from flowing liquids or gases WO1999000171A1 (en)

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