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WO1999059937A1 - Salt poultice - Google Patents

Salt poultice Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999059937A1
WO1999059937A1 PCT/AU1999/000372 AU9900372W WO9959937A1 WO 1999059937 A1 WO1999059937 A1 WO 1999059937A1 AU 9900372 W AU9900372 W AU 9900372W WO 9959937 A1 WO9959937 A1 WO 9959937A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
salt
mixture
poultice
material according
agent
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU1999/000372
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Barrie David Cooper
Original Assignee
Barrie David Cooper
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Barrie David Cooper filed Critical Barrie David Cooper
Priority to US09/700,542 priority Critical patent/US6544329B1/en
Priority to AU38038/99A priority patent/AU743980B2/en
Priority to EP99920462A priority patent/EP1091916A4/en
Publication of WO1999059937A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999059937A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/53After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone involving the removal of at least part of the materials of the treated article, e.g. etching, drying of hardened concrete
    • C04B41/5369Desalination, e.g. of reinforced concrete
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/45Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
    • C04B41/459Temporary coatings or impregnations
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/20Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
    • C04B2111/21Efflorescence resistance
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S106/00Compositions: coating or plastic
    • Y10S106/02Perlite

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the removal of salt from salt permeable objects, in
  • salts dissolved in water enter a stone wall at the bottom or on one face of the wall.
  • the stone wall to absorb salt from the stone and to provide a sacrificial surface which can
  • sacrificial renders which are sufficiently absorbent to remove salts and water from stone
  • the invention consists in a material for application to a
  • salt permeable object to remove salt from that object, said material including a fluid
  • the invention is in the form of a poultice (or sacrificial
  • the agent for increasing the internal surface area of the poultice is in a
  • Diatomaceous earth having the same dimensions as a single color as a single color as a single color.
  • Diatomaceous earth having the same dimensions as a single color may be used.
  • diatomaceous earth of a larger size for example, up to 1
  • Perlite a rhyolite glass
  • rhyolite glass is another preferred agent which may be used in place of
  • the agent used must also be inert to the masonry
  • the fibrous material contains relatively long fibres, such as would be
  • fibrous material may be used to assist removal from the surface when the poulticing is
  • diatomaceous earth in ratios of between 1 :2 and 2:1 are preferred, with 1:1 being more
  • the poultice or sacrificial render contains a
  • binding or thickening agent such as a cellulose thickener, for example carboxymethyl
  • the poultice or sacrificial render may also contain a biocide.
  • Suitable biocides are
  • the poultice or sacrificial render is, when dry, 4-5 mm in thickness.
  • the invention also provides a mixture including a material
  • This mixture may also include a binder or thickening agent, such as a cellulose
  • a pH adjusting substance such as calcium carbonate, may also be included in a thickener, and a biocide.
  • a pH adjusting substance such as calcium carbonate, may also be used.
  • the invention provides a method of removing salt from a salt-
  • permeable object including the steps of applying to the salt-permeable object a poultice
  • said poultice including a mixture of a fluid permeable substrate and an agent for increasing
  • a fresh poultice may be reapplied after removal of the original poultice.
  • the mixture is applied by means of spray, most preferably from a
  • plastering pump such as a positive displacement pump at a rate of around 3-5 kg per
  • the poultice mixture is applied wet to give a surface coating no
  • capillaries in the poulticing mixture are already primed by the presence of water.
  • the mixture thus serves multiple purposes - it provides the material in a slurry form for
  • Figure 1 shows the salt uptake of a sacrificial render according to the present
  • Virgin or repulped paper and diatomaceous earth are mixed in a 1 :1 w/w ratio.
  • mixture of fibrous material is mixed with a quantity of water sufficient to give around 1000
  • sacrificial render An effective amount (around 0.03 kg) of a biocide may also be added
  • Suitable biocides are those
  • Calcium Carbonate may also be added to adjust the pH to around 7.5.
  • Recycled pulp may be used, although the use of
  • the poultice mixture from Example 1 can be applied with a plastering trowel or
  • diatomaceous earth may be smoothed or textured as desired.
  • more diatomaceous earth is used, up to 6:1 relative to the
  • the poultice mixture applied in example 2 is allowed to dry. Under normal
  • the poultice gives a dry sacrificial render in about 3-4 days.
  • the render adheres to the wall but shrinks to a thickness of 4-5 mm. If desired, the render may
  • This poultice can be used, up to 6: 1 relative to the amount of diatomaceous earth.
  • the sacrificial render of example 3 becomes effective at removing salt from a wall
  • the salt levels at 0-10 mm in the Number 2 Holes are high, mainly due to rising
  • the poultice had a total soluble salt content of 0.32%. This was mainly
  • the poultice was applied as above for a period of 4.5 weeks.
  • the poultices were
  • the main salts transferred were sulphates, mostly magnesium and then calcium.
  • Building IV was an old stone building in a marine environment. As expected,

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a poultice or sacrificial render comprising fibrous material and diatomaceous earth. Preferably, the ratio of fibre to diatomaceous earth is in the range 1:6 to 6:1 and the fibrous material contains relatively long fibres, such as would be obtained from the manufacturing or pulping of quality paper, for example fibres in the range 1 mm to 4 mm. The invention also provides a poultice mixture comprising fibre, diatomaceous earth and water and optional additives such as a binder or thickening agent and a biocide. The invention also provides a method of removing salt from a salt permeable object comprising the step of applying the poultice mixture to the salt permeable object.

Description

SALT POULTICE
TECHNICAL FIELD
The invention relates to the removal of salt from salt permeable objects, in
particular stone and masonry walls.
BACKGROUND ART
The presence and movement of salt in stone and masonry is a major cause of
decomposition of stone, brickwork and the like as well as plaster and other masonry
coatings. The problem is particularly detrimental to stone walls. It is believed that mineral
salts dissolved in water enter a stone wall at the bottom or on one face of the wall.
Capillary action pulls the water through or up the wall, the driving force being the
evaporation of water at a point remote from the entry point of the water. As the water
evaporates, it leaves behind salts, which solidify at or near the surface. The salt crystals
which form interfere with the structure of the masonry and lead to surface crumbling. As
the outer layer of masonry crumbles away, more salt is drawn to the surface and so the
crumbling continues.
The invention has been developed primarily for use in the field of building
conservation and restoration and will generally be described hereinafter with reference to
that purpose. However, it will be appreciated that the invention is not limited to this
particular field of use.
One method of addressing this problem has been to transfer the point of
deterioration caused by the salts by applying a poulticing plaster, or sacrificial rendering, to
the stone wall to absorb salt from the stone and to provide a sacrificial surface which can
be allowed to crumble without undue concern. Sacrificial renders to date have suffered from a number of drawbacks. Generally,
sacrificial renders which are sufficiently absorbent to remove salts and water from stone
possess mechanical properties which mean they only last for a few weeks in areas of high
salt contamination, disintegrating beyond a useful state in generally too short a time to
completely remove salts from the wall. Also, unless stringent maintenance is observed,
salts brought to the surface fall to the ground at the base of the wall during the exfoliation
process, reverting to a saline solution on contact with ground water that is again drawn
through the masonry by capillary action, thereby creating a continuous cycle.
Mechanically stronger renders tend to be less efficient at removing the salt from the
wall. Another problem with such renders is that they tend to leave residual material on the
stone when they are removed or eventually decompose. Examples of such renders are
mixtures of fibreglass fibres with either a sand and lime, sand, cement and lime, or clay
base. Attempts at using emulsified pulp alone have led to very unsatisfactory poultices,
which shrink upon drying and do not adhere to the wall.
It is an object of the present invention to overcome or ameliorate one or more of the
disadvantages of the prior art, or at least to provide a useful alternative.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
According to a first aspect, the invention consists in a material for application to a
salt permeable object to remove salt from that object, said material including a fluid
permeable substrate and an agent for increasing the internal surface area of the material
relative to the substrate alone.
In preferred embodiments, the invention is in the form of a poultice (or sacrificial
render) with the agent for increasing the internal surface area being diatomaceous earth,
and the substrate being cellulose fibres and the invention will be herein described with reference to that particular embodiment, although a skilled addressee would understand
that other substrates and agents which increase the internal surface area of the poultice
thereby increasing the capillary action of the poultice may also be used.
Preferably, the agent for increasing the internal surface area of the poultice is in a
finely particulate form.
Commonly available diatomaceous earth may be used. Diatomaceous earth having
particle sizes at the smaller end of the usual range (for example, around 3 μm) provides
greater drawing power, however diatomaceous earth of a larger size (for example, up to 1
mm) is also satisfactory in poultices according to the present invention.
Perlite (a rhyolite glass) is another preferred agent which may be used in place of,
or in addition to, diatomaceous earth. The agent used must also be inert to the masonry
used.
Preferably, the fibrous material contains relatively long fibres, such as would be
obtained from the manufacturing or pulping of quality paper, for example fibres in the
range 1 mm to 4 mm with a weighted average of 2-3 mm. Without wishing to be bound by
theory, it is believed that the individual fibres of the porous fibrous material are coated by
diatomaceous earth particles. The two interact, dramatically increasing the capillary
suction over either alone. The fibre thereby forms a very effective wick to transfer salt
laden fluids away from the masonry, the process being driven by evaporation. Not only do
the microscopic and submicroscopic properties of the mixture contribute to the overall
function of the present invention, but the mechanical properties are desirable from the point
of view of application and quick and clean removal from the masonry surface.
It has been found that a ratio of fibrous material to diatomaceous earth in the range
1 :6 to 6: 1 has given good results in for most applications. Where the poultice is to be applied to a curved surface, higher ratios of diatomaceous earth may be used to reduce
delamination on drying. Where the poultice is to be applied to a flat surface, higher ratios
of fibrous material may be used to assist removal from the surface when the poulticing is
complete. Poultices with high ratios of fibrous material to diatomaceous earth (up to 6:1)
can be subjected to a stronger pull when being removed from the wall and more
conveniently come away in larger portions. For most applications, fibrous material to
diatomaceous earth in ratios of between 1 :2 and 2:1 are preferred, with 1:1 being more
preferred.
In highly preferred embodiments, the poultice or sacrificial render contains a
binding or thickening agent, such as a cellulose thickener, for example carboxymethyl
cellulose.
The poultice or sacrificial render may also contain a biocide. Suitable biocides are
those which are commercially available for use with pulps.
Desirably, the poultice or sacrificial render is, when dry, 4-5 mm in thickness.
In a second aspect, the invention also provides a mixture including a material
according to the second aspect and water.
This mixture may also include a binder or thickening agent, such as a cellulose
thickener, and a biocide. A pH adjusting substance, such as calcium carbonate, may also
be added to adjust the pH to desirable levels, usually around pH 7.5.
In a third aspect, the invention provides a method of removing salt from a salt-
permeable object including the steps of applying to the salt-permeable object a poultice,
said poultice including a mixture of a fluid permeable substrate and an agent for increasing
the internal surface area of the material relative to the substrate alone, and retaining said poultice on said surface for a time sufficient for salt to permeate from the salt permeable
object into the poultice.
If desired, a fresh poultice may be reapplied after removal of the original poultice.
Preferably, the mixture is applied by means of spray, most preferably from a
plastering pump, such as a positive displacement pump at a rate of around 3-5 kg per
square metre.
It is preferable that the poultice mixture is applied wet to give a surface coating no
more than 20 mm wet thickness and more preferably 8-10 mm wet thickness.
Again, without wishing to be bound by theory, the applicant believes that wet
application, as well as providing the necessary adhesion to masonry surfaces activates the
salts in the masonry wall and commences the poulticing procedure - in effect, the
capillaries in the poulticing mixture are already primed by the presence of water. Thus,
when evaporation commences at the surface, the salt laden water within the stone is already
in fluid connection with the evaporating water at the surface of the poultice. The water in
the mixture thus serves multiple purposes - it provides the material in a slurry form for
application to an object, it acts as an adhesive to keep the poultice in place when wet, and it
primes the capillaries and dissolves salts in the outer regions of the object, allowing the
wicking process to begin.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
Figure 1 shows the salt uptake of a sacrificial render according to the present
invention against time for two different locations in a salt affected wall. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
A preferred embodiment of the invention will now be described by way of example only.
EXAMPLE 1 POULTICE MIXTURE.
Virgin or repulped paper and diatomaceous earth are mixed in a 1 :1 w/w ratio.
Water is added until the total solids content is around 12.5%. For example, 125 kg of a 1 :1
mixture of fibrous material is mixed with a quantity of water sufficient to give around 1000
litres of mixture. An effective amount of carboxymethyl cellulose thickener, 0.3 kg is
added to thicken the mixture to an acceptable level for spraying through a positive
displacement pump, to prevent the diatomaceous earth and pulp from settling prior to
application, and to create a slight aeration of the mixture which results in a more effective
sacrificial render. An effective amount (around 0.03 kg) of a biocide may also be added
depending on when and where the mixture is to be used. Suitable biocides are those
commercially available for use with paper pulps.
Calcium Carbonate may also be added to adjust the pH to around 7.5. Usually,
around 3 Kg/ 1000 Kg batch of mixture is required.
In the present example, repulped filter papers were used, as these have long fibres
and are generally free of contaminants. Recycled pulp may be used, although the use of
such pulp is not recommended where contaminants such as ink are present, as these can
affect the masonry.
EXAMPLE 2 APPLICATION
The poultice mixture from Example 1 can be applied with a plastering trowel or
sprayed onto masonry through a positive displacement pump or a gravity feed hopper gun.
It is applied on the surface to achieve a surface coating of about 8-10 mm. The poultice
may be smoothed or textured as desired. For curved surfaces, more diatomaceous earth is used, up to 6:1 relative to the
amount of fibrous material, to prevent delamination as the poultice dries.
EXAMPLE 3 DRYING
The poultice mixture applied in example 2 is allowed to dry. Under normal
conditions, the poultice gives a dry sacrificial render in about 3-4 days. The sacrificial
render adheres to the wall but shrinks to a thickness of 4-5 mm. If desired, the render may
be removed by peeling off in large pieces. If the surface is flat, more fibrous material may
be used, up to 6: 1 relative to the amount of diatomaceous earth. This poultice can
withstand a stronger pull and is more readily removed in larger pieces.
EXAMPLE 4 SALT REMOVAL
The sacrificial render of example 3 becomes effective at removing salt from a wall
as it dries. Efflorescence of salt crystals may be brushed or scraped periodically from the
surface of the render and removed if desired, although this is not necessary. In normal use,
after 3-4 weeks, up to around 85% of the salt will be removed from the wall, depending
upon the exact situation, which may include such variables as the nature of the stone, the
extent of salt contamination and the prevailing climatic conditions. The sacrificial render
may be removed after this time, or left in place for ongoing protection of the wall.
EXAMPLE 5 CONTROLLED STUDIES - BUILDING I
Controlled studies were carried out on an internal salt contaminated harbourside
wall which was more than 150 years old, where there was stone decay from both rising and
falling damp.
Two test holes were drilled in a badly salt contaminated wall, one 490 mm above
the floor and one 1480 mm above the floor. Samples were taken at a depth of 0-10 mm,
10-20 mm and 20-40 mm in each hole to determine the salt content of the sandstone. The coating was then applied to a thickness of 10 mm. The salt content of some unapplied
poultice was also determined. After 2 weeks, the salt concentration of the sandstone and
the poultice were remeasured.
The results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1. Initial condition of Sandstone Wall - Building I.
Figure imgf000010_0001
The salt levels at 0-10 mm in the Number 2 Holes are high, mainly due to rising
damp, but a component due to falling damp is also possible. Because of the marine
environment, sodium chloride is the major contaminant. As expected, the total salt content
is highest around 1.5 m above the floor, because this is where the rising water tends to dry
out. It can be seen that there is significant salt contamination further back from the surface.
An analysis of the salts present in the unapplied poultice and those extracted from
the applied poultice are shown in table 2.
Table 2. Poultice Salts - Building I
Figure imgf000011_0001
Initially, the poultice had a total soluble salt content of 0.32%. This was mainly
due to the presence of added calcium carbonate, which was added to the mix to produce an
alkaline condition. The other contaminants are probably due to the presence of materials
from the tap water used.
It can be seen that an appreciable amount of salts were transferred into the poultice
after just two weeks. The total transfer at No 1 holes were particularly high, and rose from
8.3% after 6 days to 14.7% after 13 days.
EXTENDED TRIAL The performance of the coating in absorbing salt is shown in the table below.
Table 3. Total Salt in Poultice - Building I
Figure imgf000011_0002
Table 4. Salt in Stone - Building I
Figure imgf000012_0001
It can be seen that in some places, a reduction of 87%) of the salts has occurred, with
reductions of 50%> or greater being common. Graphing the data also shows that the rate of
salt uptake by the poultice has not slowed greatly over this period. See Figure 1.
INSPECTION OF THE RENDER AFTER EXTENDED USE
After 26 days, the poultice showed no signs of cracking or other damage. The
deposition of salt crystals on the surface was also noticeable.
EXAMPLE 6 - BUILDING II
Further tests were carried out on an exposed stone wall located several hundred
metres from the ocean. The total salt concentration of the stone at two different locations
and varying depths was monitored subsequent to the application of the poultice in
February. At both locations it can be seen that the application of the poultice reduced the
total soluble salt content of the stone at all depths in a relatively short period.
Table 5 - Salt in Stone - Building II
Figure imgf000013_0001
The results of the analysis of the extractable salts from Building II present in the
samples are shown in table 6. Table 6. Poultice Salts - Building II
Figure imgf000014_0001
EXAMPLE 7 - BUILDING III
The results of the salt determinations obtained from drillings taken in the cornices
of a stone building located in a polluted environment a few kilometres from the sea are
shown in table 7.
A series of holes were drilled and samples of salt concentration were taken at
depths of 0-10, 10-20, 20-40, 80-100, and 150-170mm. In addition, samples were taken
from the loose debris on the weathered surface. Table 7. Initial Total Soluble Salt Content [% by weight] - Building III
Figure imgf000015_0001
As is typical of salt contamination in cornice soffits, most of the salts are
concentrated close to the surface and diminish with increasing depth.
The poultice was applied as above for a period of 4.5 weeks. The poultices were
removed and the salt content analysed. The results in table 8 show a significant amount of
salt has been transferred to the two poultices at S22 and S35.
Table 8. Salt in Poultices, Building III
Figure imgf000015_0002
The salt transfer shown in table 8 is consistent with the salts in the original stone
drillings. The main salts transferred were sulphates, mostly magnesium and then calcium.
Some chlorides and nitrates present in smaller quantities in the stone were also transferred
into the poultice.
The results of the analysis of the extractable salts present in the poultice samples
are shown in table 9.
Table 9. Poultice Salts, Building III.
Figure imgf000016_0001
The total soluble salt contents for the 2 sets of drillings are shown in table 10. Table 10. Salt in Stone - Building III
Figure imgf000017_0001
Comparisons between the two sets of results taken before the application of the
poultice and after 4.5 weeks of poulticing show that reductions occurred with all 6 samples.
The most appreciable reductions occurred at S22 at 10-20mm and 20-40mm and at
0-10mm for S35.
The analysis of poultice salts for building III is shown in Table 11. Previously the
major contaminant was magnesium sulphate. The current results for S22 show that most of
the magnesium has been removed. It was also reduced at 0-10mm in S35 but to a lesser
extent. However at 0-10mm for S22, calcium sulphate has now become the major sulphate
and the sulphate levels deeper in the stone are now small. This suggests that the poultice is
functioning below the surface and is drawing salts down from deeper in the stone.
Table 11. Poultice Salts, Building III
Figure imgf000018_0001
EXAMPLE 8 - BUILDING IV
Building IV was an old stone building in a marine environment. As expected,
sodium chloride was the main contaminant, but there was also a significant amount of
sulphates present and a little nitrate.
'Before' and 'after' salt determinations of the poulticed stone were not carried out,
however the poultice was applied in a manner similar to that described above for a number
of weeks. The total soluble salt content of the poultice after removal was 6.89%, which
was quite high. It was not determined whether there was still appreciable salt
contamination left in the stone.
The results of the analysis of the extractable salts present in the sample are shown
in Table 12. Table 12. Poultice Salts, Building IV
Figure imgf000019_0001
Although the invention has been described with reference to a specific example, it
will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention may be embodied in many
other forms.

Claims

THE CLAIMS OF THE INVENTION ARE AS FOLLOWS:
I . A material for application to a salt permeable object to remove salt from that object,
said material including a fluid permeable substrate and an agent for increasing the
internal surface area of the material relative to the substrate alone.
2. A material according to Claim 1 in the form of a poultice.
3. A material according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the substrate is a
fibrous substrate.
4. A material according to Claim 3 wherein the fibrous substrate is a substrate of
cellulosic fibres.
5. A material according to Claim 3 or Claim 4 wherein the fibrous material contains
relatively long fibres.
6. A material according to any one of Claims 3 to 5 wherein the length of the fibres is
between 1 and 4 mm.
7. A material according to any one of Claims 3 to 6 wherein the length of the fibres has
a weighted average of 2.5 mm.
8. A material according to any one of Claims 3 to 7 wherein the fibrous material is
obtained from the manufacturing and or pulping of paper.
9. A material according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the agent is in a
finely particulate form. 10. A material according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the agent is
diatomaceous earth.
I I. A material according to any one of claims 1 to 9 wherein the agent is perlite.
12. A material according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the ratio of
substrate to agent is in the range 1 :6 to 6: 1.
13. A material according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the ratio of
substrate to agent is in the range of 1 :2 to 2: 1.
14. A material according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the ratio of
substrate to agent is 1:1.
15. A material according to any one of the proceeding claims further including a binding
or thickening agent.
16. A material according to Claim 15 wherein the binding or thickening agent is a
cellulose thickener.
17. A material according to Claim 16 wherein the cellulose thickener is carboxymethyl
cellulose.
18. A material according to any one of the proceeding claims further including a biocide.
19. A material according to any one of the proceeding claims 4-5 mm in thickness when
dry.
20. A mixture including a material according to any one of the preceding claims and
water.
21. A mixture according to Claim 20 wherein substrate and agent are present in an
amount of about 12.5%) by weight of the mixture.
22. A mixture according to Claim 20 or 21 wherein water is present in an amount of
about 87%o by weight of the mixture.
23. A mixture according to any one of Claims 20 to 22 further including a pH adjusting
agent.
24. A mixture according to claim 23 wherein the pH adjusting agent is calcium
carbonate.
25. A mixture according to Claim 23 or 24 wherein calcium carbonate is present in an
amount to adjust pH to 7.5.
26. A method of removing salt from a salt-permeable object including the steps of
applying to the salt-permeable object a poultice, said poultice including a mixture of
a fluid permeable substrate and an agent for increasing the internal surface area of the
material relative to the substrate alone, and retaining said poultice on said surface for
a time sufficient for salt to permeate from the salt permeable object into the poultice.
27. A method according to Claim 26 wherein the fluid permeable substrate and agent are
mixed with water to form a slurry prior to application to the salt permeable object.
28. A method according to Claim 26 or 27 wherein the mixture is applied to the salt
permeable object by means of spray.
29. A method according to any one of Claims 26 to 28 wherein the mixture is applied by
means of a plastering pump.
30. A method according to any one of Claims 26 to 33 wherein the mixture is applied by
means of a positive displacement pump.
31. A method according to any one of Claims 26 to 30 wherein the mixture is applied at
a rate of 3-5 kg per square metre.
32. A method according to any one of Claims 26 to 31 wherein the mixture is applied at
no more than 20 mm wet thickness.
33. A method according to any one of Claims 26 to 32 wherein the mixture is applied
between 8 to 10 mm wet thickness. 34. A method according to any one of claims 26 to 33 wherein the mixture is allowed to
dry after application.
35. A method according to any one of Claims 26 to 34 wherein the poultice is removed
from the salt permeable object after a predetermined time and/or after a
predetermined quantity of salt has been transferred from the salt permeable object to
the poultice.
36. A method according to Claim 35 wherein the a fresh poultice is reapplied after
removal of the poultice.
PCT/AU1999/000372 1998-05-18 1999-05-18 Salt poultice WO1999059937A1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/700,542 US6544329B1 (en) 1998-05-18 1999-05-18 Salt poultice
AU38038/99A AU743980B2 (en) 1998-05-18 1999-05-18 Salt poultice
EP99920462A EP1091916A4 (en) 1998-05-18 1999-05-18 Salt poultice

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPP3554 1998-05-18
AUPP3554A AUPP355498A0 (en) 1998-05-18 1998-05-18 Salt poultice

Related Child Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US09/700,542 A-371-Of-International US6544329B1 (en) 1998-05-18 1999-05-18 Salt poultice
US10/353,980 Continuation US6660081B2 (en) 1998-05-18 2003-01-30 Salt poultice

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999059937A1 true WO1999059937A1 (en) 1999-11-25

Family

ID=3807807

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AU1999/000372 WO1999059937A1 (en) 1998-05-18 1999-05-18 Salt poultice

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (2) US6544329B1 (en)
EP (1) EP1091916A4 (en)
AU (1) AUPP355498A0 (en)
WO (1) WO1999059937A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2960770A1 (en) * 2010-06-07 2011-12-09 Oreal Cosmetic composition comprises at least one perlite particles and fibers, in a medium

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AUPP355498A0 (en) * 1998-05-18 1998-06-11 Cooper, Barrie David Salt poultice
CN108017359A (en) * 2017-11-30 2018-05-11 浙江德赛堡建筑材料科技有限公司 It is a kind of to store up salt cement composition and preparation method thereof without cement
CN114409349B (en) * 2021-12-31 2023-02-24 北京润鸣环境科技有限公司 Salty mud curing material and preparation method and application thereof

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CS224219B1 (en) 1982-05-12 1984-01-16 Josef Ing Pridal Insulating boards on inorganic fibre basis
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DE3829328C1 (en) * 1988-08-30 1989-12-07 Wolfgang Dipl.-Chem. Dr. 1000 Berlin De Ortlepp Coating composition for preventing asbestos fibre pollution from asbestos/binder building material
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US5820303A (en) * 1995-07-19 1998-10-13 Dyckerhoff Ag Excavation pit lining and method for its production

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CS224219B1 (en) 1982-05-12 1984-01-16 Josef Ing Pridal Insulating boards on inorganic fibre basis
JPS6311587A (en) * 1986-06-30 1988-01-19 三井東圧化学株式会社 Concrete formed body and manufacture
DE3829328C1 (en) * 1988-08-30 1989-12-07 Wolfgang Dipl.-Chem. Dr. 1000 Berlin De Ortlepp Coating composition for preventing asbestos fibre pollution from asbestos/binder building material
US5782961A (en) * 1994-03-22 1998-07-21 Karlsson; Ernst Folke Jean Method for the protective treatment of mineral material structures, treatment composition intended for performing of the method and use thereof
US5820303A (en) * 1995-07-19 1998-10-13 Dyckerhoff Ag Excavation pit lining and method for its production

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DATABASE WPI Derwent World Patents Index; Class A82, AN 1989-357633/49 *
DATABASE WPI Derwent World Patents Index; Class Q44, AN 1988-054362/08 *
See also references of EP1091916A4

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2960770A1 (en) * 2010-06-07 2011-12-09 Oreal Cosmetic composition comprises at least one perlite particles and fibers, in a medium

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AUPP355498A0 (en) 1998-06-11
EP1091916A4 (en) 2005-04-20
EP1091916A1 (en) 2001-04-18
US6660081B2 (en) 2003-12-09
US6544329B1 (en) 2003-04-08
US20030136306A1 (en) 2003-07-24

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