Nothing Special   »   [go: up one dir, main page]

USRE42394E1 - Fungicidal compositions for the enhancement of turf quality - Google Patents

Fungicidal compositions for the enhancement of turf quality Download PDF

Info

Publication number
USRE42394E1
USRE42394E1 US10/849,509 US84950904A USRE42394E US RE42394 E1 USRE42394 E1 US RE42394E1 US 84950904 A US84950904 A US 84950904A US RE42394 E USRE42394 E US RE42394E
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
phthalocyanine compound
active agent
weight
turfgrass
phosphite
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US10/849,509
Inventor
Laurence C. Mudge
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bayer CropScience Inc USA
Original Assignee
Bayer CropScience Inc USA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=23647831&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=USRE42394(E1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Bayer CropScience Inc USA filed Critical Bayer CropScience Inc USA
Priority to US10/849,509 priority Critical patent/USRE42394E1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of USRE42394E1 publication Critical patent/USRE42394E1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
    • A01N57/10—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-oxygen bonds or phosphorus-to-sulfur bonds
    • A01N57/12—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-oxygen bonds or phosphorus-to-sulfur bonds containing acyclic or cycloaliphatic radicals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • A01N59/26—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to methods and compositions for the enhancement of turf quality and the control or crown and root rot in turfgrass, and more particularly to synergistic combinations of fungicides useful therefore.
  • Crown and root rot is a serious disease of turfgrasses, especially highly maintained turfgrasses as found in lawns, golf courses, nursery crops, and other landscape architecture applications. Current techniques for controlling this disease are not entirely satisfactory, and there is a continuing need for new treatments thereof.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 4,698,334 to Horriere et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 4,806,445 to Horriere et al. propose fungicidal compositions based on alkyl phosphites in combination with various contact fungicities such as Mancozeb. These compositions are useful for treating mildew in vines.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 4,139,616 to Ducret et al. describes fungicidal compositions based on alkyl phosphites. None of these references relate to the treatment of turfgrasses.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,336,661 to Lucas discloses methods of enhancing turf quality of bentgrass using compositions comprising a mixture of a monoester salt of a phosphorous acid, and an ethylenebisdithiocarbamate contact fungicide.
  • the present invention provides a fungicidal composition for enhancing the quality of turfgrass and protecting against crown and root rot.
  • the compositions comprise a synergistic combination of:
  • R is an alkyl radical having 2 to 4 carbon atoms
  • Me is an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, or aluminum atom
  • n is a whole number from 1 to 3 equal to the valence of Me:
  • the present invention provides a method of enhancing turf quality and protecting against crown and root rot.
  • the method comprises applying
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, C 1-20 substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated, linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkoxy, alkylamino, alkylthio, onium, sulphonium, sulphate, and carboxylate.
  • the methods and compositions described herein are useful for improving turf quality and color in turfgrasses.
  • the methods and compositions described herein are useful for treating crown and root rot in turfgrass.
  • Crown and root rot which causes a decline in turfgrass quality during hot, wet weather, is a disease complex apparently caused by Pythium species and Rhizoctonia species in combination with environmental and management stresses.
  • the first active agent is selected from the group consisting of monoester salts of phosphorous acid and phosphorous acid or alkali or alkali earth metal salts thereof.
  • Monoester salts of phosphorus acids useful for carrying out the present invention, as given in Formula (I) above, are known. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 4,139,616 to Ducret et al. U.S. Pat. No. 4,698,334 to Horriere et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 4,806,445 to Horriere et al. (the disclosures of all U.S. patents cited herein are to be incorporated herein by reference).
  • the first active agent may be phosphorous acid or an alkali or alkali earth metal salt thereof.
  • Suitable alkali or alkali earth metal salts include, for example, lithium, sodium, polassiu, rubidium, cesium, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, and barium salts of phosphorous acid.
  • the sodium, potassium and calcium salts or phosphorous acid are currently preferred.
  • Benzoporphyrin compounds are the preferred class of porphine compounds and derivatives thereof, which are useful in the methods of the present invention.
  • useful porphine compounds include substituted and unsubstituted porphines and derivatives thereof.
  • Suitable derivatives of porphines include substituted and unsubstituted porphyrins.
  • the porphyrins may be benzoporphyrins such as tetrabenzoporphyrins, alkyl-substituted benzoporphyrins, halo-substituted benzoporphyrins, and the like.
  • the benzoporphyrin is a coordination complex of the Formula L 1 L 2 —X 1 X 2 —L 3 L 4 , wherein X 1 and X 2 are each H or X 1 and X 2 together are a metal selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkali earth metals and transition metals, and L 1 , L 2 , L 3 , and L 4 are each substituted or unsubstituted isoindole groups, and wherein L 1 , L 2 , L 3 , and L 4 are covalently joined to one another (e.g., through a nitrogen or carbon atom, preferably a nitrogen atom).
  • X 1 and X 2 together are a transition metal from Groups IB and VIIIB.
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, C 1-20 substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated, linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkoxy, alkylamino, alkylthio, onium, sulphonium, sulphate, and carboxylate.
  • suitable metals include but are not limited to, lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium and cesium from the alkali metal family; berillium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium from the alkali earth metal family; and copper, silver, gold, zinc, cadmium, mercury, scandium, yittrium, lanthanum, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium, rhenium, iron, ruthenium, osmium, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, nichel, palladium, and platinum from the transition metal family. Copper, nickel, cobalt, iron and zinc phthalocyanine dyes are particularly preferred in the methods of the present invention.
  • Phthalocyanine dyes which are useful in the methods of the present invention include subsituted and unsubstituted dyes.
  • Suitable substituted phthalocyanine dyes may be metal-tree phthalocyanines, or metal phthalocyanines, and may be substituted from 1 to 4 times on each isoindole group independently.
  • suitable substituents for the isoindole groups of phthalocyanine dyes include but are not limited to, halogens, substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated, linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkoxy, alkylamino, alkylthio, onium, sulphonium, sulphate, and carboxylate.
  • Suitable phthalocyanine dyes are commercially available and include but are not limited to Pigment Blue 16, Vat Blue 29. Pigment Blue 15, Heliogen Green GG, Ingrain Blue 14, Ingrain Blue 5, Ingrain Blue 1, Pigment Green 37, and Pigment Green 7.
  • the phthalocyanine dye is Pigment Blue 15.
  • the phthalocyanine dye is any phthalocyanine dye other than Pigment Blue 15.
  • Synergistic combinations of the foregoing two active ingredients are, in general, 1 part by weight of the compound of Formula (I) above in combination with from 0.01 to 0.1, preferably 0.04 to 0.05. parts by weight of the benzoporphyrin compound. More preferably, the active material includes 1 part by weight of the compound of Formula (I) above in combination with from 0.01 to 0.1 parts by weight of the benzoporphyrin compound. A particularly preferred combination is 1 part by weight of the compound of Formula (I) above in combination with from 0.04 to 0.05 parts by weight of Pigment Blue 15.
  • synergistic combinations according to the invention may also be mixed with other fungicidal, anti-mildew phosphorus derivatives, especially 2-hydroxy-1,3,2-dioxaphospholanes, ⁇ -hydroxy ethyl phosphites and phosphorous acid and its salts.
  • the active ingredients in the synergistic combinations are used as part of a formulated product which, as a rule, contains a support and/or a surfactant in addition to the active material according to the invention.
  • compositions according to the invention can be prepared in the form of wettable powders, soluble powders, dusting powders, granulates, solution, emulsifiable concentrates, emulsions, suspended concentrates and aerosols.
  • the wettable powders according to the invention can be prepared in such a way that they contain from 20 to 95% by weight of the active material, and they normally contain, in addition to a solid support, from 0 to 5% by weight of a wetting agent, from 3 to 10% by weight of a dispersant and, when necessary, from 0 to 10% by weight of one or more stabilizers and/or other additives, such as penetration agents, adhesives or anti-lumping agents, colorants, etc.
  • compositions of a wettable powder is given in Table 1 below:
  • composition of the present invention as a soluble powder is given in Table 2 below:
  • Aqueous dispersions and emulsions for example compositions obtained by diluting with water a wettable powder or an emulsifiable concentrate according to the invention, are included within the general scope of the invention.
  • These emulsions can be of the water-in-oil type or of the oil-in-water type, and can have a thick consistency resembling that of a “mayonnaise”.
  • compositions according to the invention can contain other ingredients, for example protective colloids, adhesives or thickeners, thixotropic agents, stabilizers or sequestrants, as well as other active materials known to have pesticidal properties, especially acaricides or insecticides.
  • protective colloids for example protective colloids, adhesives or thickeners, thixotropic agents, stabilizers or sequestrants, as well as other active materials known to have pesticidal properties, especially acaricides or insecticides.
  • the present invention can be practiced with all turfgrasses, including cool season turfgrasses and warm season turfgrasses.
  • cool season turfgrasses are Bluegrasses (Poa L.), such as Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), Rough Bluegrass (Poa trivialis L.), Canada Bluegrass (Poa compressa L.), Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua L.), Upland Bluegrass (Poa glaucantha Gaudin), Wood Bluegrass (Poa nemoralis L.).
  • Bentgrasses and Redtop (Agrostis L.), such as Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.), Colonial Bentgrass (Agrostis tenius Sibth.), Velvet Bentgrass (Agrostis canina L.), South German Mixed Bentgrass (Agrostis L.), and Redtop (Agrostis alba L.); the Fescues (Festuca L.), such as Red Fescue (Festuca rubra L.). Chewings Fescue (Festuca rubra var.
  • Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), Crested Dog's-Tail (Cynosurus cristatus L.).
  • Examples of warm season turfgrasses are the Bermudagrasses (Cynodon L. C. Rich), Zoysiagrasses (Zoysia Willd.), St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum (Wait.) Kuntze), Centipedegrass (Eremochioa ophiuroides (Munro.) hack.), Carpetgrass (Axonopus Beauv.), Bahiagrass (Paspalum notalum Flugge.), Kikuyugrass (Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst.
  • fungicides were evaluated on a one-year-old stand of the bentgrass cultivar “Penncross” planted in Raleigh, N.C., U.S.A.
  • the bentgrass was planted in native soil and maintained under conditions similar to a golf green with a mowing height of 0.635 cm (.25 inches).
  • the fungicides which have activity against Pythium species include KOBANTM (active ingredient: etridiazole) obtained from Grace-Sierra, ALIETTETM (active ingredient: fosetyl-Al) obtained from Rhone-Poulenc.
  • SUBDUETM active ingredient: metalaxyl obtained from Ceba-Giegy.
  • the fungicides which have activity against Pythium and Rhizoctonia species is FORETM (active ingredient: mancozeb also including Pigment Blue 15) obtained from Rhom and Haas, MANZATETM (active ingredient: mancozeb) obtained from DuPont, LESCO MN80TM (active ingredient: mancozeb) obtained from Lesco, PENCOZEB DF 75TM (active ingredient: mancozeb) obtained from Elf Atochem, PROTECT DG 80TM (active ingredient: mancozeb) obtained from W. A. Cleary, and DITHANETM (active ingredient: mancozeb) obtained from Rhom and Haas.
  • the fungicides were applied separately and in combination at labelled rates to 1.5 m ⁇ 1.5 m (5 ft ⁇ 5 ft) plots of bentgrass prior to evidence of any decline in turf quality due to crown and root rot.
  • a CO 2 backpack sprayer was used to apply the fungicide treatments at (30 lbs psi) using TEEJETTM 8004 nozzles to apply 9.5 liters (2.5 gallons) of fungicide dilutions per 93 square meters (1000 sq ft).
  • the fungicides were initially applied and subsequently reapplied according to a 14 day schedule.
  • an electrical pump sprayer was used to apply the treatments at 30 psi using a Teejet 8004 nozzle.
  • Table 1 below indicates that an improvement in turf quality and color was observed from application of ALIETTETM+FORETM (treatment #4), with a turf quality of 7.5 and a turf color of 7.8 with 9 being ideal.
  • the combination of ALIETTETM+MANZATETM had a lower turf quality rating of 6.8 and a turf color of 7.0.
  • Table 2 below indicates that similar results were observed in a second test.
  • the data demonstrate that ALIETTETM+FORETM (treatment #8) gave better turf quality of 7.8 and 8.0 than ALIETTETM+mancozeb+AURAGREENTM (another type of green dye) (treatment #5) of 7.0 and 7.3.
  • Table 3 is a comparative study of the effects of different formulations of mancozeb.
  • the formulations of FORETM WP80TM and FL4.0TM, which contain mancozeb +Pigment Blue 15. gave better turf quality and turf color than other formulations of mancozeb without the Pigment Blue 15.
  • Treatment #7 of ALIETTETM+FORETMFL4.0+BLENDEXTM (a blending agent) gave better results.
  • Treatment #7 contains more Pigment Blue 25 than treatment #2.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

Fungicidal compositions for the protection of turfgrass against crown and root rot are disclosed. The compositions comprise, as the active material, (a) a first active agent selected from the group consisting of (i) a monoester salt of a phosphorous acid (preferably aluminum ethyl phosphite), and (ii) phosphorous acid or an alkali or alkali earth metal salt thereof; and (b) a benzoporphyrin compound. Preferred compositions comprise 1 part by weight of the first active agent, and between about 0.01 and about 0.1 parts by weight of the benzoporphyrin compound.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to methods and compositions for the enhancement of turf quality and the control or crown and root rot in turfgrass, and more particularly to synergistic combinations of fungicides useful therefore.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Crown and root rot is a serious disease of turfgrasses, especially highly maintained turfgrasses as found in lawns, golf courses, nursery crops, and other landscape architecture applications. Current techniques for controlling this disease are not entirely satisfactory, and there is a continuing need for new treatments thereof.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,698,334 to Horriere et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 4,806,445 to Horriere et al. propose fungicidal compositions based on alkyl phosphites in combination with various contact fungicities such as Mancozeb. These compositions are useful for treating mildew in vines. U.S. Pat. No. 4,139,616 to Ducret et al. describes fungicidal compositions based on alkyl phosphites. None of these references relate to the treatment of turfgrasses.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,336,661 to Lucas discloses methods of enhancing turf quality of bentgrass using compositions comprising a mixture of a monoester salt of a phosphorous acid, and an ethylenebisdithiocarbamate contact fungicide.
High quality, healthy turfgrass is essential to the golfing industry. Accordingly, there remains a need in the art for fungicidal compositions which enhance turf quality and protect against crown and root rot in turfgrass to provide high quality, healthy turfgrass.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
As a first aspect, the present invention provides a fungicidal composition for enhancing the quality of turfgrass and protecting against crown and root rot. The compositions comprise a synergistic combination of:
(a) a first active agent selected from the group consisting of
    • (i) a monoester salt of a phosphorous acid of Formula (I):
Figure USRE042394-20110524-C00001
wherein:
R is an alkyl radical having 2 to 4 carbon atoms,
Me is an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, or aluminum atom, and
n is a whole number from 1 to 3 equal to the valence of Me: and
      • (ii) phosphorous acid or an alkali or alkali earth metal salt
thereof: and
(b) a benzoporphyrin compound.
As a second aspect, the present invention provides a method of enhancing turf quality and protecting against crown and root rot. The method comprises applying
(a) a first active agent selected from the group consisting of
      • (i) a monoester salt of a phosphorous acid of Formula (I) above, and
      • (ii) phosphorous acid or an alkali or alkali earth metal salt thereof, and
(b) a benzoporphyrin compound.
The compounds are applied in an amount effective to enhance turf quality and/or protect against crown and root rot. In one embodiment, the active agents applied consist essentially of the monoester salt and the benzoporphyrin compound.
The benzoporphyrin compounds useful in the method of the present invention include substituted and unsubstituted benzoporphyrins and derivatives thereof. Suitable benzoporphyrins include tetrabenzoporphyrine, alkyl-substituted benzoporphyrins, halo-substituted benzoporphyrins, and the like. According to one embodiment, the benzoporphyrin is a coordination complex of the Formula L1L2—X1X2—L3L4, wherein X1 and X2 are each H or X1 and X2 together are a transition metal, and L1, L2, L4, and L4 are each substituted or unsubstituted isoindole groups, and wherein L1, L2, L3, and L4 are covalently joined to one another. In one preferred coordination complex, L1, L2, L3, and L4 together form a ligand of Formula (II)
Figure USRE042394-20110524-C00002
wherein a, b, c, and d are each independently selected from positive integers 0-4, and R1, R2, R3, and R4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, C1-20 substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated, linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkoxy, alkylamino, alkylthio, onium, sulphonium, sulphate, and carboxylate.
The foregoing and other aspects of the present invention are explained in detail in the detailed description set forth below.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The methods and compositions described herein are useful for improving turf quality and color in turfgrasses. In addition, the methods and compositions described herein are useful for treating crown and root rot in turfgrass. Crown and root rot, which causes a decline in turfgrass quality during hot, wet weather, is a disease complex apparently caused by Pythium species and Rhizoctonia species in combination with environmental and management stresses.
The first active agent is selected from the group consisting of monoester salts of phosphorous acid and phosphorous acid or alkali or alkali earth metal salts thereof. Monoester salts of phosphorus acids useful for carrying out the present invention, as given in Formula (I) above, are known. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 4,139,616 to Ducret et al. U.S. Pat. No. 4,698,334 to Horriere et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 4,806,445 to Horriere et al. (the disclosures of all U.S. patents cited herein are to be incorporated herein by reference). Examples include calcium ethyl phosphite, sodium ethyl phosphite, aluminum ethyl phosphite, magnesium isopropyl phosphite, calcium isopropyl phosphite, aluminum isopropyl phosphite, magnesium ethyl phosphite, magnesium isobutyl phosphite, magnesium sec-butyl phosphite, calcium isobutyl phosphite, aluminum N-butyl phosphite, aluminum sec-butyl phosphite, and aluminum isobutyl phosphite. Most preferred is aluminum ethyl phosphite also called aluminum Iris (0-ethyl phosphonate)).
Alternatively, the first active agent may be phosphorous acid or an alkali or alkali earth metal salt thereof. Suitable alkali or alkali earth metal salts include, for example, lithium, sodium, polassiu, rubidium, cesium, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, and barium salts of phosphorous acid. The sodium, potassium and calcium salts or phosphorous acid are currently preferred.
Benzoporphyrin compounds are the preferred class of porphine compounds and derivatives thereof, which are useful in the methods of the present invention. Examples of useful porphine compounds include substituted and unsubstituted porphines and derivatives thereof. Suitable derivatives of porphines include substituted and unsubstituted porphyrins. The porphyrins may be benzoporphyrins such as tetrabenzoporphyrins, alkyl-substituted benzoporphyrins, halo-substituted benzoporphyrins, and the like. According to one embodiment, the benzoporphyrin is a coordination complex of the Formula L1L2—X1X2—L3L4, wherein X1 and X2 are each H or X1 and X2 together are a metal selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkali earth metals and transition metals, and L1, L2, L3, and L4 are each substituted or unsubstituted isoindole groups, and wherein L1, L2, L3, and L4 are covalently joined to one another (e.g., through a nitrogen or carbon atom, preferably a nitrogen atom). As will be apparent, they are covalently joined as a cyclic structure, i.e. —L1—L3—L4—cy, where 0 means L4 is covalently joined to L1. Preferably, X1 and X2 together are a transition metal from Groups IB and VIIIB. The isoindole groups represented by L1, L2, L3, and L4 may be unsubstituted, or alternatively, they may be each independently substituted from 1 to 4 times with a substituent selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-20 substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated, linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkoxy, alkylamino, alkylthio, onium, sulphonium, sulphate, and carboxylate.
In one preferred embodiment of the coordination complex of L1L2—X1X2—L3L4, L1, L2, L3, and L4 together form a ligand of Formula (II)
Figure USRE042394-20110524-C00003
wherein a, b, c, and d are each independently selected from positive integers 0-4, and R1, R2, R3, and R4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, halogen, C1-20 substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated, linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkoxy, alkylamino, alkylthio, onium, sulphonium, sulphate, and carboxylate.
Examples of suitable benzoporphyrins of the coordination complex L1L2—X1X2—L3L4 include phthalocyanine dyes. Suitable phthalocyanine dyes may be metal-free phthalocyanines, or metal phthalocyanines. The metal of metal phthalocyanines may be selected from alkali metals, alkali earth metals and transition metals, with transition metals being preferred. Examples of suitable metals include but are not limited to, lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium and cesium from the alkali metal family; berillium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium from the alkali earth metal family; and copper, silver, gold, zinc, cadmium, mercury, scandium, yittrium, lanthanum, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium, rhenium, iron, ruthenium, osmium, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, nichel, palladium, and platinum from the transition metal family. Copper, nickel, cobalt, iron and zinc phthalocyanine dyes are particularly preferred in the methods of the present invention.
Phthalocyanine dyes which are useful in the methods of the present invention include subsituted and unsubstituted dyes. Suitable substituted phthalocyanine dyes may be metal-tree phthalocyanines, or metal phthalocyanines, and may be substituted from 1 to 4 times on each isoindole group independently. Examples of suitable substituents for the isoindole groups of phthalocyanine dyes include but are not limited to, halogens, substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated, linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkoxy, alkylamino, alkylthio, onium, sulphonium, sulphate, and carboxylate. Suitable phthalocyanine dyes are commercially available and include but are not limited to Pigment Blue 16, Vat Blue 29. Pigment Blue 15, Heliogen Green GG, Ingrain Blue 14, Ingrain Blue 5, Ingrain Blue 1, Pigment Green 37, and Pigment Green 7. In one preferred embodiment, the phthalocyanine dye is Pigment Blue 15. In another preferred embodiment, the phthalocyanine dye is any phthalocyanine dye other than Pigment Blue 15.
Synergistic combinations of the foregoing two active ingredients (the two together being referred to herein as the “active material”) are, in general, 1 part by weight of the compound of Formula (I) above in combination with from 0.01 to 0.1, preferably 0.04 to 0.05. parts by weight of the benzoporphyrin compound. More preferably, the active material includes 1 part by weight of the compound of Formula (I) above in combination with from 0.01 to 0.1 parts by weight of the benzoporphyrin compound. A particularly preferred combination is 1 part by weight of the compound of Formula (I) above in combination with from 0.04 to 0.05 parts by weight of Pigment Blue 15.
The synergistic combinations according to the invention may be used with advantage in admixture with one another or with other known fungicides, such as basic salts or hydroxides of copper (oxychloride, oxysulphate), (tetrahydro)phthalimides (Captan, Captafol, Folpel), methyl 1-(butylcarbamoyl)-2-benzimidazolecarbamate (Benomyl), thiophanates such as dimethyl (1,2-phenylene)bis(iminocarbonothioyl)bis(carbamate) (Thiophanate-methyl), tetrachloroisophthalonitrile (Chlorothalonil), 3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-N-(1-methylethyl)-2,4-dioxo-1-imidazolidine carboxamide (Iprodione), 1-[2-(2,4dichlorophenyl)4-propyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl methyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole (Propiconazole) 1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-2-butanone (Triadimafon) or other fungicides, either to complete the range of activity of the compounds according to the invention or to increase their persistence.
The synergistic combinations according to the invention may also be mixed with other fungicidal, anti-mildew phosphorus derivatives, especially 2-hydroxy-1,3,2-dioxaphospholanes, β-hydroxy ethyl phosphites and phosphorous acid and its salts.
For their practical application, the active ingredients in the synergistic combinations are used as part of a formulated product which, as a rule, contains a support and/or a surfactant in addition to the active material according to the invention.
In the context of the invention, a support is an organic or mineral, natural or synthetic material with which the active material is associated to facilitate its application to plants, seeds or soil, or its transportation and/or handling. The support can be solid (clays, natural or synthetic silicates. resins, waxes, solid fertilizers) or fluid (water, alcohols, ketones, petroleum fractions. chlorinated hydrocarbons, liquefied gases).
The surfactant can be an ionic or non-ionic emulsifier, dispersant or wetting agent such as, for example, salts of polyacrylic acids and lignin-sulphonic acids, condensates of ethylene oxide with fatty alcohols, fatty acids or fatty amines.
The compositions according to the invention can be prepared in the form of wettable powders, soluble powders, dusting powders, granulates, solution, emulsifiable concentrates, emulsions, suspended concentrates and aerosols.
The wettable powders according to the invention can be prepared in such a way that they contain from 20 to 95% by weight of the active material, and they normally contain, in addition to a solid support, from 0 to 5% by weight of a wetting agent, from 3 to 10% by weight of a dispersant and, when necessary, from 0 to 10% by weight of one or more stabilizers and/or other additives, such as penetration agents, adhesives or anti-lumping agents, colorants, etc.
One example of the compositions of a wettable powder is given in Table 1 below:
TABLE 1
Compound % by wt.
active material 80
sodium lignosulphonate (deflocculant) 5
anionic wetting agent 1
antilumping silica 5
kaolin (filler) 9
Powders soluble in water are obtained by mixing from 20 to 95% by weight of the active material, from 0 to 10% of an antilumping agent, the remainder being a hydrosoluble filler mainly a salt.
An example of a composition of the present invention as a soluble powder is given in Table 2 below:
TABLE 2
Compound % by wt.
active material 70
anionic wetting agent 0.5
antilumping silica 5
sodium sulfate (soluble filler) 24.5
Aqueous dispersions and emulsions, for example compositions obtained by diluting with water a wettable powder or an emulsifiable concentrate according to the invention, are included within the general scope of the invention. These emulsions can be of the water-in-oil type or of the oil-in-water type, and can have a thick consistency resembling that of a “mayonnaise”.
The compositions according to the invention can contain other ingredients, for example protective colloids, adhesives or thickeners, thixotropic agents, stabilizers or sequestrants, as well as other active materials known to have pesticidal properties, especially acaricides or insecticides.
The present invention can be practiced with all turfgrasses, including cool season turfgrasses and warm season turfgrasses. Examples of cool season turfgrasses are Bluegrasses (Poa L.), such as Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), Rough Bluegrass (Poa trivialis L.), Canada Bluegrass (Poa compressa L.), Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua L.), Upland Bluegrass (Poa glaucantha Gaudin), Wood Bluegrass (Poa nemoralis L.). and Bulbous Bluegrass (Poa bulbosa L.); the Bentgrasses and Redtop (Agrostis L.), such as Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.), Colonial Bentgrass (Agrostis tenius Sibth.), Velvet Bentgrass (Agrostis canina L.), South German Mixed Bentgrass (Agrostis L.), and Redtop (Agrostis alba L.); the Fescues (Festuca L.), such as Red Fescue (Festuca rubra L.). Chewings Fescue (Festuca rubra var. commutata Gaud.), Sheep Fescue (Festuca ovina L.), Hard Fescue (Festuca ovina var. duriuscula L. Koch), Hair Fescue (Festuca capillata Lam.). Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), Meadow Fescue (Festuca elanor L.); the Ryegrasses (Lolium L.), such as Perennial Ryegrass (Lollium perenne L.), Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.); the Wheatgrasses (Agropyron Gaertn.), such as Fairway Wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.), Western Wheatgrass (Agropyron smithii Rydb.). Other cool season turfgrasses include Beachgrass (Ammophila Host.), Smooth Brome (Bromus inermis Leyss.), Timothy (Phleum L.). Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), Crested Dog's-Tail (Cynosurus cristatus L.). Examples of warm season turfgrasses are the Bermudagrasses (Cynodon L. C. Rich), Zoysiagrasses (Zoysia Willd.), St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum (Wait.) Kuntze), Centipedegrass (Eremochioa ophiuroides (Munro.) Hack.), Carpetgrass (Axonopus Beauv.), Bahiagrass (Paspalum notalum Flugge.), Kikuyugrass (Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. ex Chiov.), Buffalograss (Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.), Blue Grama (Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K.) Lag. ex Steud.), and Sideoats Grama (Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx. Torr.). Cool season turfgrasses are preferred. More preferred is Bluegrass, Bentgrass and Redtop, Fescue, and Ryegrass. Bentgrass is most preferred.
The active materials are, in general, applied to turfgrass either together or separately by spraying a liquid formulation (e.g., an aqueous formulation, including emulsions, or an oil-based formulation) thereof on the turfgrass. The ethylenebisdithiocarbamate contact fungicide is typically applied in an amount of from 10 to 25 pounds per acre (about 10 to 25 Kilograms per Hectare), more preferably in an amount of from 15 to 20 pounds per acre (about 15 to 20 Kg per hectare), and still more preferably in an amount of from 17 to 18 pounds per acre (about 17 to 18 Kg per Hectare). The compound of Formula (I) is, in general, applied in an amount of from about 5 to 17 pounds per acre.
The following examples are provided to illustrate the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting thereof.
EXAMPLES 1-3
These examples were carried out to identify fungicide and combinations thereof which will improve turf quality and color, and have activity against crown and root rot and brown patch. Fungicides were evaluated on a one-year-old stand of the bentgrass cultivar “Penncross” planted in Raleigh, N.C., U.S.A. The bentgrass was planted in native soil and maintained under conditions similar to a golf green with a mowing height of 0.635 cm (.25 inches). The fungicides which have activity against Pythium species include KOBAN™ (active ingredient: etridiazole) obtained from Grace-Sierra, ALIETTE™ (active ingredient: fosetyl-Al) obtained from Rhone-Poulenc. and SUBDUE™ (active ingredient: metalaxyl) obtained from Ceba-Giegy. The fungicides which have activity against Pythium and Rhizoctonia species is FORE™ (active ingredient: mancozeb also including Pigment Blue 15) obtained from Rhom and Haas, MANZATE™ (active ingredient: mancozeb) obtained from DuPont, LESCO MN80™ (active ingredient: mancozeb) obtained from Lesco, PENCOZEB DF 75™ (active ingredient: mancozeb) obtained from Elf Atochem, PROTECT DG 80™ (active ingredient: mancozeb) obtained from W. A. Cleary, and DITHANE™ (active ingredient: mancozeb) obtained from Rhom and Haas.
The fungicides were applied separately and in combination at labelled rates to 1.5 m×1.5 m (5 ft×5 ft) plots of bentgrass prior to evidence of any decline in turf quality due to crown and root rot. A CO2 backpack sprayer was used to apply the fungicide treatments at (30 lbs psi) using TEEJET™ 8004 nozzles to apply 9.5 liters (2.5 gallons) of fungicide dilutions per 93 square meters (1000 sq ft). The fungicides were initially applied and subsequently reapplied according to a 14 day schedule. In some experiments, an electrical pump sprayer was used to apply the treatments at 30 psi using a Teejet 8004 nozzle.
Turf quality, color and percent disease ratings were recorded weekly, based on a scale from 1-9, with 9 being ideal turf quality and color and 1 being all turf dead. The percent disease ratings were calculated based on the percent of area in each plot showing symptoms of brown patch. Turf quality and color ratings were used as an indicator of the health of the bentgrass and the amount of decline associated with crown and root rot. Pythium and Rhizoctonia species of fungi were isolated from the bentgrass in the experiment during the test period.
Table 1 below indicates that an improvement in turf quality and color was observed from application of ALIETTE™+FORE™ (treatment #4), with a turf quality of 7.5 and a turf color of 7.8 with 9 being ideal. The combination of ALIETTE™+MANZATE™ had a lower turf quality rating of 6.8 and a turf color of 7.0.
TABLE 1
ALIETTE ™/FORE ™ Interaction
Turf %
Trt. Pesticide Qual- Turf Brown Disease
No. Name Formu. LBai/A ity Color Patch Control
01 CHECK — — 4.5 5.3 50.0 0
02 ALIETTE ™ WDG 80 8.712 6.5 6.8 0 100.0
CHP26019 WDG 50 2.72
03 ALIETTE ™ WDG 80 8.712 6.8 7.0 0 100.0
MANZATE WP 16.34
70 ™
04 ALIETTE ™ WDG 80 8.712 7.5 7.8 0 100.0
FORE ™ WP 17.42
80 ™
05 FORE ™ WDG 80 17.42 6.8 7.0 2.5 91.7
06 ALIETTE ™ WDG 80 8.712 5.0 5.8 26.3 38.0
07 ALIETTE ™ WDG 80 4.356 6.8 7.5 0 100.0
FORE ™ WP 8.712
80 ™
LSD (0.05) = 1.0 .8 9.1 23.5
STANDARD DEVIATION = .7 .5 6.2 16.1
COEFF. OF VARIABILITY = 10.8 8.2 71.2 19.9
Table 2 below indicates that similar results were observed in a second test. The data demonstrate that ALIETTE™+FORE™ (treatment #8) gave better turf quality of 7.8 and 8.0 than ALIETTE™+mancozeb+AURAGREEN™ (another type of green dye) (treatment #5) of 7.0 and 7.3. The combination of the experimental formulation of ALIETTE™ and the blue pigment EXP 10622)+mancozeb (treatment#10) gave higher turf quality ratings of 7.5 and 8.0 than treatment #5. and ratings as high as the ratings for ALIETTE™+FORE™.
TABLE 2
ALIETTE ™/FORE ™ Interaction
Trt. Pesticide Application Phyto Turf % Brown Turf Turf % Brown
No. Name Formu. LBai/A Type rating Qual. Patch Qual. Color Patch
01 CONTROL — — — 1.0 5.0 25.0 5.3 6.3 15.0
02 NCAD 1 SG 100 0.545 14 DAY 1.0 4.8 21.3 5.0 7.5 16.3
03 NCAD 1 SG 100 0.545 14 DAY 1.8 5.8 15.0 6.3 7.5 5.0
ALIETTE ™ WDG 80 8.712 14 DAY
04 NCAD 1 SG 100 0.545 14 DAY 1.3 6.3 7.5 6.8 7.8 0
MANCOZEB WDG 80 17.43 14 DAY
05 NCAD 1 SG 100 0.545 14 DAY 5.5 7.0 2.5 7.3 6.8 0
MANCOZEB WDG 80 17.43 14 DAY
ALIETTE ™ WDG 80 8.712 14 DAY
06 ALIETTE ™ WDG 80 8.712 14 DAY 2.5 5.3 16.3 6.0 6.3 25
07 MANCOZEB WDG 80 17.43 14 DAY 2.0 6.0 13.8 6.5 6.8 8.8
08 ALIETTE ™ WDG 80 8.712 14 DAY 1.0 7.8 0 8.0 8.0 0
FORE ™ WP 80 ™ 17.43 14 DAY
09 EXP10622 WDG 80 8.712 14 DAY 15 5.8 10.0 6.5 6.8 6.3
10 EXP10622 WDG 80 8.712 14 DAY 3.3 7.5 0 8.0 7.5 0
MANCOZEB WP 80 ™ 17.43 14 DAY
LDS (0.05) = .8 1.0 9.4 .6 1.0 6.8
STANDARD DEVIATION = .6 .7 6.5 .4 .7 4.7
COEFF. OF VARIABILITY = 27.2 11.0 58.4 5.9 9.4 87.3
Table 3 is a comparative study of the effects of different formulations of mancozeb. The formulations of FORE™ WP80™ and FL4.0™, which contain mancozeb +Pigment Blue 15. gave better turf quality and turf color than other formulations of mancozeb without the Pigment Blue 15. Treatment #7 of ALIETTE™+FORE™FL4.0+BLENDEX™ (a blending agent) gave better results. Treatment #7 contains more Pigment Blue 25 than treatment #2.
TABLE 3
ALIETTE ™/MANCOZEB Interactions
Appli- Turf Turf % Turf Turf % Turf Turf % Turf Turf
Trt. Pesticide cation Qual- Col- Brown Qual- Col- Brown Qual- Col- Brown Qual- Col-
No. Name Formu. LBai/A Type ity or Patch ity or Patch ity or Patch ity or
01 CONTROL — — — 3.8 4.5 60.0 3.3 4.0 67.5 2.8 3.8 75.0 4.8 6.3
02 ALIETTE ™ WDG 80 8.712 14 DAY 7.0 7.0 10.0 7.8 7.5 5.0 7.3 7.0 5.0 7.0 6.8
FORE ™ WP 80 17.42 14 DAY
03 ALIETTE ™ WDG 80 8.712 14 DAY 6.0 6.3 12.5 6.0 6.0 1.3 6.0 6.0 8.8 5.8 53
LESCO MN DG 80 17.42 14 DAY
04 ALIETTE ™ WDG 80 8.712 14 DAY 6.3 6.5 13.8 6.0 6.0 2.5 6.0 6.3 12.5 6.0 5.5
PENCOZES DF 75 17.42 14 DAY
05 ALIETTE ™ WDG 80 8.712 14 DAY 6.0 6.5 11.3 6.3 6.3 5.0 6.3 6.3 8.8 5.8 5.3
PROTECT DG 80 17.42 14 DAY
06 ALIETTE ™ WDG 80 8.712 14 DAY 6.8 7.0 6.3 6.8 6.8 7.5 7.3 7.8 3.8 7.5 7.5
FORE ™ F1 4.0 ™ 17.42 14 DAY
07 ALIETTE ™ WDG 80 8.712 14 DAY 7.0 7.3 5.0 8.5 7.8 0 8.0 8.0 1.3 8.0 8.0
FORE ™ F1 4.0 ™ 17.42 14 DAY
BLENDEX % C 14 DAY
08 ALIETTE ™ WDG 80 8.712 14 DAY 4.3 4.8 46.3 5.8 6.0 2.5 5.8 5.8 17.5 6.0 5.5
DITHANE WDG 75 17.42 14 DAY
09 LESCO MN DG 80 17.42 14 DAY 4.8 5.5 21.3 5.0 5.3 8.8 4.8 4.8 22.5 5.8 6.0
LDS (0.05) = 1.0 .7 21.3 .5 .7 10.3 .7 .6 9.1 .7 1.1
STANDARD DEVIATION = .7 .5 14.6 .4 .5 7.0 .5 .4 6.2 .5 .7
COEFF. OF VARIABILITY = 11.7 8.3 70.6 5.8 7.4 63.3 8.5 6.6 36.1 7.6 11.6
Overall, the results indicate that the combination of ALIETTE™+FORE™. containing the Pigment Blue 15. provides a better improvement in turf quality and color over other combinations of ALIETTE™ and mancozeb without the Pigment Blue 15. The results demonstrate that the presence of the Pigment Blue 15, enhances the activity of the ALIETTE™ and mancozeb in a synergistic interaction.
The foregoing is illustrative of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting thereof. The invention is defined by the following claims, with equivalents of the claims to be included therein.

Claims (37)

1. A method of combatting fungi and enhancing turf quality in turfgrass which comprises applying to said turfgrass synergistic fungicidally effective amounts of:
(a) a first active agent selected from the group consisting of
(i) 1 part by weight of a monoester salt of a phosphorous acid of Formula (I):
Figure USRE042394-20110524-C00004
wherein:
R is an alkyl radical having 2 to 4 carbon atoms,
Me is an alkali metal, alkaline earth, or aluminum atom, and
n is a whole number from 1 to 3 equal to the valence of Me; and
(ii) phosphorous acid or an alkali or alkali earth metal salt thereof; and
(b) from 0.01 to 0.1 parts by weight of a phthalocyanine compound,
wherein said method does not include the application of an ethylenebisdithiocarbamate contact fungicide.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said step of applying comprises applying 1 part by weight of said first active agent, and 0.05 parts by weight of said phthalocyanine compound.
3. The method according claim 1, wherein said phthalocyanine compound is Pigment Blue 15.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein said phthalocyanine compound is not Pigment Blue 15.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein said step of applying is carried out by applying said first active agent and said phthalocyanine compound to said turfgrass together in a common carrier.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein said turfgrass is bentgrass.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein said turfgrass is bermudagrass.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein said first active agent is applied to said turfgrass in an amount of from about 8 to about 16 pounds active ingredient per acre, and said phthalocyanine compound is applied to said turfgrass in an amount of from about 0.2 to about 0.8 pounds per acre.
9. The method according to claim 1 consisting essentially of applying to said turfgrass, said first active agent in an amount of from about 8 to about 16 pounds active ingredient per acre, and said phthalocyanine compound in an amount of from about 0.2 to about 0.8 pounds per acre.
10. A fungicidal composition tier for enhancing turf quality which comprises wherein the active material present in synergistic fungicidally effective amounts of an active material comprising consists essentially of:
(a) 1 part by weight of a first active agent selected from the group consisting of
(i) a monoester salt of a phosphorous acid of Formula (I):
Figure USRE042394-20110524-C00005
wherein:
R is an alkyl radical having 2 to 4 carbon atoms,
Me is an alkali metal, alkaline earth, or aluminum atom, and
n is a whole number from 1 to 3 equal to the valence of Me; and
(ii) phosphorous acid or an alkali or alkali earth metal salt thereof; and
(b) from 0.01 to 0.1 parts by weight of a phthalocyanine compound
wherein the composition does not include an ethylenebisdithiocarbamate contact fungicide.
11. The composition according to claim 10, wherein said first active agent is said monoester salt of phosphorous acid, and R is selected from the group consisting of ethyl, propyl, and butyl.
12. The composition according to claim 10, wherein said first active agent is said monoester salt of phosphorous acid, and Me is selected from the group consisting of aluminum, calcium, magnesium, and sodium.
13. The composition according to claim 10, wherein said first active agent is said monoester salt of phosphorous acid, and said compound of Formula (I) is selected from the group consisting of calcium ethyl phosphite, sodium ethyl phosphite, aluminum ethyl phosphite, magnesium isopropyl phosphite, calcium isopropyl phosphite, aluminum isopropyl phosphite, magnesium ethyl phosphite, magnesium isobutyl phosphite, magnesium sec-butyl phosphite, calcium isobutyl phosphite, aluminum N-butyl phosphite, aluminum sec-butyl phosphite, and aluminum isobutyl phosphite.
14. The composition according to claim 10, wherein said first active agent is said monoester of phosphorous acid, and said compound of Formula (I) is aluminum ethyl phosphite.
15. The composition according to claim 10, wherein said phthalocyanine compound is selected from the group consisting of Pigment Blue 16, Vat Blue 29, Pigment Blue 15, Heliogen Green GG. Ingrain Blue 14, Ingrain Blue 5, Ingrain Blue 1, Pigment Green 37, and Pigment Green 7.
16. The composition according to claim 10, wherein said phthalocyanine compound is Pigment Blue 15.
17. The composition according to claim 14, wherein said phthalocyanine compound is not Pigment Blue 15.
18. The composition according to claim 10, comprising 1 part by weight of said first active agent and between about 0.01 and about 0.1 parts by weight of said phthalocyanine compound.
19. The composition according to claim 10, consisting essentially of 1 part by weight of said first active agent and between about 0.01 and about 0.1 parts by weight of said phthalocyanine compound.
20. The composition according to claim 10, wherein said composition is an aqueous suspension.
21. The composition according to claim 10, wherein said composition is a wettable powder.
22. The method according to claim 1, wherein said first active agent comprises ethyl aluminum phosphite and said phthalocyanine compound comprises Pigment Blue 15.
23. The composition according to claim 10, wherein said first active agent comprises ethyl aluminum phosphite and said phthalocyanine compound comprises Pigment Blue 15.
24. A method of combatting fungi and enhancing turf quality in turfgrass which comprises applying to said turfgrass synergistic fungicidally effective amounts of:
(a) 1 part by weight of a first active agent selected the group consisting of phosphorous acid or an alkali or alkali earth metal salt thereof; and
(b) from 0.01 to 0.1 parts by weight of a phthalocyanine compound,
wherein said method does not include the application of an ethylenebisdithiocarbamate contact fungicide.
25. The method according to claim 24, wherein said step of applying comprises applying 1 part by weight of said first active agent, and 0.05 parts by weight of said phthalocyanine compound.
26. The method according claim 24, wherein said phthalocyanine compound is Pigment Blue 15.
27. The method according to claim 24, wherein said phthalocyanine compound is not Pigment Blue 15.
28. The method according to claim 24, wherein said step of applying is carried out by applying said first active agent and said phthalocyanine compound to said turfgrass together in a common carrier.
29. The method according to claim 24, wherein said turfgrass is bentgrass.
30. The method according to claim 24, wherein said turfgrass is bermudagrass.
31. The method according to claim 24, wherein said first active agent is applied to said turfgrass in an amount of from about 8 to about 16 pounds active ingredient per acre, and said phthalocyanine compound is applied to said turfgrass in an amount of from about 0.2 to about 0.8 pounds per acre.
32. A fungicidal composition for enhancing turf quality wherein the active material present in synergistic fungicidally effective amounts consists essentially of:
(a) 1 part by weight of a first active agent selected from the group consisting of phosphorous acid or an alkali or alkali earth metal salt thereof; and
(b) from 0.01 to 0.1 parts by weight of a phthalocyanine compound, and
wherein the composition does not include an ethylenebisdithiocarbamate contact fungicide.
33. The composition according to claim 32, wherein said phthalocyanine compound is selected from the group consisting of Pigment Blue 16, Vat Blue 29, Pigment Blue 15, Heliogen Green GG, Ingrain Blue 14, Ingrain Blue 5, Ingrain Blue 1, Pigment Green 37, and Pigment Green 7.
34. The composition according to claim 32, wherein said phthalocyanine compound is Pigment Blue 15.
35. The composition according to claim 32, wherein said phthalocyanine compound is not Pigment Blue 15.
36. The composition according to claim 32, wherein said composition is an aqueous suspension.
37. The composition according to claim 32, wherein said composition is a wettable powder.
US10/849,509 1995-04-03 2004-05-19 Fungicidal compositions for the enhancement of turf quality Expired - Lifetime USRE42394E1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/849,509 USRE42394E1 (en) 1995-04-03 2004-05-19 Fungicidal compositions for the enhancement of turf quality

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/415,934 US5599804A (en) 1995-04-03 1995-04-03 Fungicidal compositions for the enhancement of turf quality
US10/849,509 USRE42394E1 (en) 1995-04-03 2004-05-19 Fungicidal compositions for the enhancement of turf quality

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US08/415,934 Reissue US5599804A (en) 1995-04-03 1995-04-03 Fungicidal compositions for the enhancement of turf quality

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
USRE42394E1 true USRE42394E1 (en) 2011-05-24

Family

ID=23647831

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US08/415,934 Ceased US5599804A (en) 1995-04-03 1995-04-03 Fungicidal compositions for the enhancement of turf quality
US10/849,509 Expired - Lifetime USRE42394E1 (en) 1995-04-03 2004-05-19 Fungicidal compositions for the enhancement of turf quality

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US08/415,934 Ceased US5599804A (en) 1995-04-03 1995-04-03 Fungicidal compositions for the enhancement of turf quality

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (2) US5599804A (en)
EP (1) EP0820229A2 (en)
JP (2) JP3923521B2 (en)
KR (1) KR100433565B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1076952C (en)
AU (1) AU716396B2 (en)
BR (1) BR9604942A (en)
NZ (1) NZ306688A (en)
WO (1) WO1996032010A2 (en)
ZA (1) ZA962651B (en)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100050299A1 (en) * 2006-12-08 2010-02-25 Jacobus Stark Post-harvest treatment of fruits with an antifungal composition
US20100286641A1 (en) * 2009-05-08 2010-11-11 Medline Industries, Inc. Absorbent articles having antimicrobial properties and methods of manufacturing the same
US20100291229A1 (en) * 2009-05-12 2010-11-18 Sipcam Argo Usa, Inc. Fungicidal compositions and methods of enhancing plants such as turfgrass
US9226504B2 (en) 2010-09-09 2016-01-05 Suncor Energy Inc. Synergistic paraffinic oil and boscalid fungicides
US9357768B2 (en) 2006-10-05 2016-06-07 Suncor Energy Inc. Herbicidal composition with increased herbicidal efficacy
US9451773B2 (en) 2011-06-03 2016-09-27 Suncor Energy Inc. Paraffinic oil-in-water emulsions for controlling infection of crop plants by fungal pathogens
US9485988B2 (en) 2008-06-26 2016-11-08 Suncor Energy Inc. Turfgrass fungicide formulation with pigment
US9820490B2 (en) 2011-11-03 2017-11-21 Bayer Cropscience Lp Compositions and methods for enhancing plant quality
US9999219B2 (en) 2004-05-18 2018-06-19 Suncor Energy Inc. Spray oil and method of use therof for controlling turfgrass pests

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5599804A (en) * 1995-04-03 1997-02-04 Rhone-Poulenc, Inc. Fungicidal compositions for the enhancement of turf quality
WO2005000021A2 (en) * 2003-06-23 2005-01-06 Quest Products Corporation Fungicidal composition for through periderm bark application to woody plants
US20050181949A1 (en) * 2004-02-13 2005-08-18 Norton Lawrence H. Method of improving turfgrass quality
US8153558B2 (en) 2004-02-13 2012-04-10 Bayer Cropscience Lp Method of improving grass quality
ITMI20051558A1 (en) * 2005-08-09 2007-02-10 Isagro Spa MIXTURES E-O SYNERGIC COMPOSITIONS CIN HIGH ACTIVITY FEATURES
US8748345B2 (en) * 2007-05-10 2014-06-10 Tessenderlo Kerley Inc. Method and composition for improving turfgrass
ES2617608T3 (en) * 2008-04-08 2017-06-19 Bayer Cropscience Lp Composition and system for lawn maintenance
US8377850B2 (en) 2009-05-15 2013-02-19 Bayer Cropscience Lp Fungicidal compositions for turf treatment and improvement
CN102427723B (en) * 2009-05-15 2014-12-31 拜尔农作物科学有限合伙人公司 Fungicidal active compound compositions for turf treatment
US10138171B2 (en) 2015-01-18 2018-11-27 Stacie Z. Berg Method for altering photosynthetic growth
PT3639662T (en) 2018-10-16 2021-07-20 Niacet Corp Methods for fungi inhibition on live plants using carboxylic acids and their salts

Citations (36)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2129013A (en) 1936-05-14 1938-09-06 Ici Ltd Copper monochlorophthalocyanine and a process of making it
US2214454A (en) 1936-12-11 1940-09-10 Ici Ltd Manufacture of finely divided phthalocyanine pigments
US2276860A (en) 1935-12-19 1942-03-17 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Dyestuff of the phthalocyanine series
US2452606A (en) 1945-11-20 1948-11-02 Du Pont Phthalocyanine pigments and process for producing same
US2460783A (en) 1947-06-02 1949-02-01 American Cyanamid Co Preparation of phthalocyanine pigments from omega-chlorine or omaga-bromine substituted omicron-xylenes
US2460779A (en) 1947-06-02 1949-02-01 American Cyanamid Co Synthesis of phthalocyanines from omega-chlorine or omega-bromine substituted omicron-tolunitriles
US2471794A (en) 1948-07-15 1949-05-31 Roberts Chemical Company Manufacture of coloring matters of the phthalocyanine series from phthalyl halides
US2485168A (en) 1948-04-01 1949-10-18 Du Pont Manufacture of metal-free phthalocyanine
US2485167A (en) 1948-04-01 1949-10-18 Du Pont Manufacture of metal-free phthalocyanine
US2556729A (en) 1949-03-05 1951-06-12 Du Pont Metal-free phthalocyanine of novel color characteristics
US2613128A (en) 1948-10-29 1952-10-07 Bayer Ag Vat dyeing compositions, including a mixture of cobalt phthalocyanine dyes
US3379610A (en) 1961-05-09 1968-04-23 Rohm & Haas Complex metal salts of manganese ethylenebisdithiocarbamate
FR1562940A (en) 1968-01-19 1969-04-11
US3632328A (en) 1967-08-31 1972-01-04 Scott & Sons Co O M Turf appearance improvement
DE2412324A1 (en) * 1974-03-14 1975-09-25 Hoechst Ag DISPERSIONS OF 2-ALKYL-4,6-DINITROPENOL-ESTERS
US3950265A (en) 1973-03-29 1976-04-13 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Dispersions of 2-alkyl-4,6-dinitrophenol esters
DE2511077A1 (en) 1975-03-13 1976-09-23 Nippon Chemical Works Co Turf grass coloration - using hexadentate cobalt phthalocyanine amine complex salts
US4139616A (en) 1973-12-14 1979-02-13 Pepro Fungicidal compositions based on phosphorous acid esters and salts thereof
PL103345B1 (en) 1976-09-18 1979-05-31 Zjednoczone Zespoly Gospodarcz METHOD OF OBTAINING A COLORING FUNGALANT FOR WOOD IMPREGNATION
JPS5734781A (en) 1980-08-04 1982-02-25 Toshiba Corp Operating device for single-phase induction motor
US4394316A (en) 1980-09-11 1983-07-19 Rohm And Haas Company Copper modified mancozeb
US4698334A (en) 1977-01-14 1987-10-06 Rhone-Poulenc Agrochimie Fungicidal compositions based on alkyl phosphites
JPS63112701A (en) * 1986-10-29 1988-05-17 株式会社　ア−スクリ−ン Socks
JPH01157904A (en) 1987-12-15 1989-06-21 Aguro Kanesho Kk Method for controlling disease injury of lawn
JPH02138376A (en) * 1988-11-18 1990-05-28 Mitsubishi Yuka Badische Co Ltd Withered grass coloring composition
US4956183A (en) 1986-08-07 1990-09-11 Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd. Composition comprising copper compound
EP0419915A2 (en) 1989-09-27 1991-04-03 DESOWAG Materialschutz GmbH Wood preservative
JPH03221576A (en) * 1990-01-27 1991-09-30 Mitsubishi Kasei Corp Coloring agent for lawn
US5171853A (en) 1991-08-05 1992-12-15 North Carolina State University Process of cleaving nucleic acids with oxoruthenium(IV) complexes
US5206228A (en) * 1991-10-29 1993-04-27 Rhone-Poulenc Ag Company Control of arthropod pests with phosphorous acid and mono-esters and salts thereof
JPH0673397A (en) 1992-08-27 1994-03-15 Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd New photoactivator, new bleaching agent, and new microbicide
US5336661A (en) * 1993-01-13 1994-08-09 North Carolina State University Method for enhancing turf quality of bent grass
US5350843A (en) 1990-11-06 1994-09-27 Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Incorporated Halogenated phthalocyanine compound, method for preparing same
JPH06321711A (en) * 1993-05-07 1994-11-22 Nippon Oil & Fats Co Ltd Germicide and method for sterilization
US5380842A (en) 1991-06-20 1995-01-10 Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Incorporated Phthalocyanine compounds and usage thereof
US5665672A (en) * 1993-01-13 1997-09-09 North Carolina State University Fungicidal compositions for the treatment of crown and root rot in turfgrass

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2236853B1 (en) * 1973-07-13 1976-11-12 Procida
US4394125A (en) * 1980-09-09 1983-07-19 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Process for bleaching textiles and for combating micro-organisms with sulfonated phthalocyanine of aluminum or zinc and containing halogen or cyano substituents as photoactivator
IL82311A (en) * 1986-05-09 1992-06-21 Rhone Poulenc Agrochimie Bactericidal compositions based on phosphorous acid derivatives
US5599804A (en) * 1995-04-03 1997-02-04 Rhone-Poulenc, Inc. Fungicidal compositions for the enhancement of turf quality

Patent Citations (37)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2276860A (en) 1935-12-19 1942-03-17 Gen Aniline & Film Corp Dyestuff of the phthalocyanine series
US2129013A (en) 1936-05-14 1938-09-06 Ici Ltd Copper monochlorophthalocyanine and a process of making it
US2214454A (en) 1936-12-11 1940-09-10 Ici Ltd Manufacture of finely divided phthalocyanine pigments
US2452606A (en) 1945-11-20 1948-11-02 Du Pont Phthalocyanine pigments and process for producing same
US2460783A (en) 1947-06-02 1949-02-01 American Cyanamid Co Preparation of phthalocyanine pigments from omega-chlorine or omaga-bromine substituted omicron-xylenes
US2460779A (en) 1947-06-02 1949-02-01 American Cyanamid Co Synthesis of phthalocyanines from omega-chlorine or omega-bromine substituted omicron-tolunitriles
US2485167A (en) 1948-04-01 1949-10-18 Du Pont Manufacture of metal-free phthalocyanine
US2485168A (en) 1948-04-01 1949-10-18 Du Pont Manufacture of metal-free phthalocyanine
US2471794A (en) 1948-07-15 1949-05-31 Roberts Chemical Company Manufacture of coloring matters of the phthalocyanine series from phthalyl halides
US2613128A (en) 1948-10-29 1952-10-07 Bayer Ag Vat dyeing compositions, including a mixture of cobalt phthalocyanine dyes
US2556729A (en) 1949-03-05 1951-06-12 Du Pont Metal-free phthalocyanine of novel color characteristics
US3379610A (en) 1961-05-09 1968-04-23 Rohm & Haas Complex metal salts of manganese ethylenebisdithiocarbamate
US3632328A (en) 1967-08-31 1972-01-04 Scott & Sons Co O M Turf appearance improvement
FR1562940A (en) 1968-01-19 1969-04-11
US3950265A (en) 1973-03-29 1976-04-13 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Dispersions of 2-alkyl-4,6-dinitrophenol esters
US4139616A (en) 1973-12-14 1979-02-13 Pepro Fungicidal compositions based on phosphorous acid esters and salts thereof
DE2412324A1 (en) * 1974-03-14 1975-09-25 Hoechst Ag DISPERSIONS OF 2-ALKYL-4,6-DINITROPENOL-ESTERS
DE2511077A1 (en) 1975-03-13 1976-09-23 Nippon Chemical Works Co Turf grass coloration - using hexadentate cobalt phthalocyanine amine complex salts
PL103345B1 (en) 1976-09-18 1979-05-31 Zjednoczone Zespoly Gospodarcz METHOD OF OBTAINING A COLORING FUNGALANT FOR WOOD IMPREGNATION
US4698334A (en) 1977-01-14 1987-10-06 Rhone-Poulenc Agrochimie Fungicidal compositions based on alkyl phosphites
US4806445A (en) 1977-01-14 1989-02-21 Rhone-Poulenc Agrochimie Fungicidal compositions based on alkyl phosphites
JPS5734781A (en) 1980-08-04 1982-02-25 Toshiba Corp Operating device for single-phase induction motor
US4394316A (en) 1980-09-11 1983-07-19 Rohm And Haas Company Copper modified mancozeb
US4956183A (en) 1986-08-07 1990-09-11 Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd. Composition comprising copper compound
JPS63112701A (en) * 1986-10-29 1988-05-17 株式会社　ア−スクリ−ン Socks
JPH01157904A (en) 1987-12-15 1989-06-21 Aguro Kanesho Kk Method for controlling disease injury of lawn
JPH02138376A (en) * 1988-11-18 1990-05-28 Mitsubishi Yuka Badische Co Ltd Withered grass coloring composition
EP0419915A2 (en) 1989-09-27 1991-04-03 DESOWAG Materialschutz GmbH Wood preservative
JPH03221576A (en) * 1990-01-27 1991-09-30 Mitsubishi Kasei Corp Coloring agent for lawn
US5350843A (en) 1990-11-06 1994-09-27 Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Incorporated Halogenated phthalocyanine compound, method for preparing same
US5380842A (en) 1991-06-20 1995-01-10 Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Incorporated Phthalocyanine compounds and usage thereof
US5171853A (en) 1991-08-05 1992-12-15 North Carolina State University Process of cleaving nucleic acids with oxoruthenium(IV) complexes
US5206228A (en) * 1991-10-29 1993-04-27 Rhone-Poulenc Ag Company Control of arthropod pests with phosphorous acid and mono-esters and salts thereof
JPH0673397A (en) 1992-08-27 1994-03-15 Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd New photoactivator, new bleaching agent, and new microbicide
US5336661A (en) * 1993-01-13 1994-08-09 North Carolina State University Method for enhancing turf quality of bent grass
US5665672A (en) * 1993-01-13 1997-09-09 North Carolina State University Fungicidal compositions for the treatment of crown and root rot in turfgrass
JPH06321711A (en) * 1993-05-07 1994-11-22 Nippon Oil & Fats Co Ltd Germicide and method for sterilization

Non-Patent Citations (35)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
"Chipco Tips" Information Pamphlet, 1993. (Appendix 7 of above Rule 132 Declarations).
"Summer Bentgrass Decline" Pamphlet. (Appendix 8 of above Rule 132 Declarations).
A. Stevenson, Fungicidal Compositions, Patent Journal, p. 39 (Jul. 26, 1967).
Article, "For the Asking", Southern Golf, May/Jun. 1993, p. 28. (Appendix 5 of above Rule 132 Declarations).
Article, "New Fungicide Combination Sets Record Sales". (Appendix 5 of above Rule 132 Declarations).
Article, "North Carolina State Study Claims Mix Controls Summer Stress", Golf Course News, May 1993. (Appendix 5 of above Rule 132 Declarations).
Article, "Rhone Polenc", Turf North, May 1993. (Appendix 5 of above Rule 132 Declarations).
Article, "Tank Mix Offered for Summer Stress Complex", Golf Course Management, Apr. 1993, p. 130. (Appendix 5 of above Rule 132 Declarations).
CHIPCO Specimen Label, (1992).
Fenn et al, Studies on the in vitro and in vivo antifungal acitivity of fosetyl-AI and phosphorous acid, Phytopathology, 74 (5), pp. 606-611. *
FORE Specimen Label, Apr. (1985).
Gullino et al. (Chemical control of dollar spot and brown patch of turfgrass in Italy, Mededelingen-Faculteit Landbouwkundige en Toegepaste Biologische Wetenschappen, Universiteit Gent, 1995, 60, 2b Proceedings, 47th International Symposium on Crop Protection, pt. 2, 1995, 367-70. *
H. Couch et al., Synergistic and antagonistic interactions of fungicides against Pythium aphanidermatum on perennial ryegrass, Crop Protection, vol. 10, Oct. 1991, pp. 386-390. (Appendix 3 of above Rule 132 Declarations).
H. Couch, Aliette 80 WDG/Fore 80 WP Synergy in the control of Rhizoctonia Blight (in vivo) Trial 2, Virginia Polytechnic Inst. & State University, Oct. 1993. (Appendix 4 of above Rule 132 Declarations).
L. B. McCarthy et al., Gaeumannomyces Graminis Associated with Spring Dead Spot of Bermudagrass in South Eastern United States, Plant Disease 73:659 (1989).
L. B. McCarthy et al., Regrowth of Bermudagrass Infected with Spring Dead Spot Following Low Temperature Exposure, Crop Science 31:182 (1991).
L. B. McCarthy et al., Spring Dead Spot Occurrence in Bermudagrass Following Fungicide and Nutrient Applications, Hort. Science 27:1092 (1992).
L. T. Lucas, Disease-Like Problems on Turfgrasses in North Carolina, Plant Pathology Turfgrass Disease Information Note No. 5 (1992).
L. T. Lucas, Diseases of Bentgrass on High-Sand-Content Golf Greens, Plant Pathology Turfgrass Disease Information Note No. 4 (1990).
L. T. Lucas, Diseases of Tall Fescue, Plant Pathology Turfgrass Disease Information Note No. 6 (1992).
L. T. Lucas, Diseases of Warm-Season Grasses, N.C. Agri. Ext. Ser. AG-360 (reprinted) (1987).
L. T. Lucase, Long-Term Turf management Practices for Prevention of Turf Diseases, Plant Pathology Turfgrass Information Note No. 7 (1992).
L.T. Lucas, "Summer Stress Complex", N.C. State University Presentation, 1992. (Appendix 6 of above Rule 132 Declarations).
L.T. Lucas, 1993 Field Plot Results indicating Synergistic Interaction of Chipco Aliette (Fosethyl-Al) and Mancozeb, Plant Pathology Department, N.C. State University, Sep. 15, 1993. (Appendix 2 of above Rule 132 Declarations).
M. E. Fenn et al., Studies on the In Vitro and In Vivo Antifungal Activity of Fosetyl-Al and Phosphorous Acid, Phytopathology 74, No. 5, pp. 606-611 (1984).
N. M. Bigelow et al., Phthalocyanine Pigments, The Chemistry of Synthetic Dyes and Pigments, pp. 577-606 (1960).
Printout of http://www2.siri.org/msds/f2/bzz/bzzsc.html, for ingredients in Rohm and Haas Co.'s FORE.TM. Fungicide, 62440 (Jul. 24, 1991). *
Published photographs of plots treated with combination of treatments taken by Leon T. Lucas, Jan. 11, 1994 (Appendix 1 of above Rule 132 Declarations).
Rule 132 Declaration of Leon T. Lucas and Laurence C. Mudge, filed in U.S. Appl. No. 08/003632, Jan. 11, 1994 (U.S. Pat. No. 5,336,661).
S. G. Martin et al., Characterization and Pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia spp. and Binucleate Rhizoctonia-like Fungi from Turfgrass Species, Phtyphathology 74:170 (1984.).
S. G. Martin et al., Pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia zeae on Tall Fescue and Other Turfgrasses, Plant Disease 67:676 (1983).
S. Lessage, Reduction of the Formation of Ethylenethiourea from Ethylenebis (dithiocarbamates) by Cupric Ions in Aqueous Media, J. Agric. Food Chem. 28(4), pp. 787-790 (1980).
Supplemental Rule 132 Declaration of Leon T. Lucas and Laurence C. Mudge , Filed in U.S. Serial No. 08/003632, Mar. 25, 1994 (U.S. Pat. No. 5,336,661).
T. Ostmeyer, The Color Green, Golf Course Management, pp. 40-44 (Aug. 1994).
W. S. Struve, Phthalocyanine Dyes, The Chemistry of Synthetic Dyes and Pigments, pp. 607-624 (1960).

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9999219B2 (en) 2004-05-18 2018-06-19 Suncor Energy Inc. Spray oil and method of use therof for controlling turfgrass pests
US9801369B2 (en) 2006-10-05 2017-10-31 Suncor Energy Inc. Herbicidal composition with increased herbicidal efficacy
US9357768B2 (en) 2006-10-05 2016-06-07 Suncor Energy Inc. Herbicidal composition with increased herbicidal efficacy
US8722134B2 (en) * 2006-12-08 2014-05-13 Dsm Ip Assets B.V. Post-harvest treatment of fruits with an antifungal composition
US20100050299A1 (en) * 2006-12-08 2010-02-25 Jacobus Stark Post-harvest treatment of fruits with an antifungal composition
US9485988B2 (en) 2008-06-26 2016-11-08 Suncor Energy Inc. Turfgrass fungicide formulation with pigment
US9826738B2 (en) 2008-06-26 2017-11-28 Suncor Energy Inc. Turfgrass fungicide formulation with pigment
US9717818B2 (en) * 2009-05-08 2017-08-01 Medline Industries, Inc. Absorbent articles having antimicrobial properties and methods of manufacturing the same
US20100286641A1 (en) * 2009-05-08 2010-11-11 Medline Industries, Inc. Absorbent articles having antimicrobial properties and methods of manufacturing the same
US10709808B2 (en) 2009-05-08 2020-07-14 Medline Industries, Inc. Absorbent articles having antimicrobial properties and methods of manufacturing the same
US20100291229A1 (en) * 2009-05-12 2010-11-18 Sipcam Argo Usa, Inc. Fungicidal compositions and methods of enhancing plants such as turfgrass
US9750249B2 (en) 2010-09-09 2017-09-05 Suncor Energy Inc. Synergistic paraffinic oil and boscalid fungicides
US9226504B2 (en) 2010-09-09 2016-01-05 Suncor Energy Inc. Synergistic paraffinic oil and boscalid fungicides
US9451773B2 (en) 2011-06-03 2016-09-27 Suncor Energy Inc. Paraffinic oil-in-water emulsions for controlling infection of crop plants by fungal pathogens
US9820490B2 (en) 2011-11-03 2017-11-21 Bayer Cropscience Lp Compositions and methods for enhancing plant quality
US10517301B2 (en) 2011-11-03 2019-12-31 Bayer Cropscience Lp Compositions and methods for enhancing plant quality

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5599804A (en) 1997-02-04
CN1179701A (en) 1998-04-22
JP3923521B2 (en) 2007-06-06
BR9604942A (en) 1999-08-31
EP0820229A2 (en) 1998-01-28
AU5531496A (en) 1996-10-30
AU716396B2 (en) 2000-02-24
KR19980703565A (en) 1998-11-05
WO1996032010A3 (en) 1996-12-12
NZ306688A (en) 1999-11-29
JP2006213740A (en) 2006-08-17
JPH11505209A (en) 1999-05-18
CN1076952C (en) 2002-01-02
ZA962651B (en) 1996-10-22
WO1996032010A2 (en) 1996-10-17
KR100433565B1 (en) 2004-09-16

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
USRE42394E1 (en) Fungicidal compositions for the enhancement of turf quality
AU693349B2 (en) Fungicidal compositions for the enhancement of turf quality
US5336661A (en) Method for enhancing turf quality of bent grass
EP2273878B1 (en) Composition and system for turf maintenance
US9259004B2 (en) Method of improving grass quality
KR101696208B1 (en) Fungicidal active compound compositions for turf treatment
AU2005200604B2 (en) Method of improving turfgrass quality
US5665672A (en) Fungicidal compositions for the treatment of crown and root rot in turfgrass
EP2807924A1 (en) A method for combating fungal turfgrass pathogens
US20240000080A1 (en) Stabilized compositions containing strobilurin fungicides and polyhydric alcohols