US4273586A - Tinted glassware - Google Patents
Tinted glassware Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4273586A US4273586A US06/161,760 US16176080A US4273586A US 4273586 A US4273586 A US 4273586A US 16176080 A US16176080 A US 16176080A US 4273586 A US4273586 A US 4273586A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- sub
- glass
- ions
- nio
- cao
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910018404 Al2 O3 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910004742 Na2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910016997 As2 O3 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910019830 Cr2 O3 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- -1 Ni+2 ion Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000002241 glass-ceramic Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910017344 Fe2 O3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006121 base glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006112 glass ceramic composition Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006105 batch ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910008556 Li2O—Al2O3—SiO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017509 Nd2 O3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001430 chromium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006060 molten glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nd+3].[Nd+3] PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- HUAUNKAZQWMVFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;oxocalcium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+].[Ca]=O HUAUNKAZQWMVFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000005341 toughened glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/083—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound
- C03C3/085—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal
- C03C3/087—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal containing calcium oxide, e.g. common sheet or container glass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C1/00—Ingredients generally applicable to manufacture of glasses, glazes, or vitreous enamels
- C03C1/10—Ingredients generally applicable to manufacture of glasses, glazes, or vitreous enamels to produce uniformly-coloured transparent products
Definitions
- Glass-ceramic bodies have been employed extensively in the manufacture of culinary ware. Such materials have been utilized in that application both in the opaque state and in the transparent state.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,093,468 describes one family of essentially transparent glass-ceramic compositions demonstrating chemical and physical properties suitable for use as culinary ware.
- That patent discloses the production of glass-ceramic articles having base compositions within the Li 2 O--Al 2 O 3 --SiO 2 system, but which also contains TiO 2 as a nucleating agent and Fe 2 O 3 as an impurity customarily present in the batch materials.
- TiO 2 and Fe 2 O 3 causes the development of a yellowish coloration in the glass-ceramic products.
- the patent teaches the addition of neodymium oxide (Nd 2 O 3 ) to the batch ingredients to act as a decolorizing agent.
- Nd 2 O 3 neodymium oxide
- the primary objective of the present invention is to prepare glass compositions exhibiting the melting and forming capabilities necessary for shaping into covers for culinary utensils along with the chemical and physical properties intrinsically required in covers utilized for culinary ware. And most importantly, for aesthetic reasons, the glass should demonstrate a tint closely matching that of the glass-ceramic ware.
- soda lime-based glass having a composition consisting essentially, expressed in terms of weight percent on the oxide basis, of about
- the Ni +2 ion can be present in a glass structure in either a four-fold or six-fold coordination.
- the Ni +2 ion When present in four-fold coordination, the Ni +2 ion imparts a purple coloration to the glass.
- the six-fold coordination provides a yellow coloration to the glass.
- the ratio of Ni +2 ions in the four-fold coordination to those in the six-fold coordination is governed by three factors, viz., the base glass composition, the thermal history to which the glass is subjected, and the actual concentration of Ni +2 ions.
- Chromium can be present in the above-cited base glass compositions in either the Cr +3 or Cr +6 state.
- Cr +3 ions impart a green coloration to such glasses and Cr +6 ions produce a yellow coloration therein.
- the state of the chromium ions in the glasses is determined by redox reactions taking place during melting of the glass. Those reactions are influenced by the melting atmosphere, the temperatures employed in melting, and the inclusion of oxidizing and reducing agents in the batch.
- the components of the base glass can also affect the final color of the glass; e.g., Na 2 O, CaO, and Al 2 O 3 can modify existing color centers and impurities, such as Fe 2 O 3 , can establish their own color centers.
- Table I records the batch compositions of a number of glasses, expressed in parts by weight on the oxide basis, which serve to illustrate the compositional parameters of the instant invention.
- the actual batch ingredients may comprise any materials, either oxides or other compounds, which, when melted together with the remaining batch components, will be converted to the desired oxide in the proper proportions. Because the sum of the tabulated individual constituents totals or approximately totals 100, for all practical purposes the values recited for each ingredient may be considered as reflecting weight percent.
- Batches for the several illustrative examples were compounded, the ingredients ballmilled together to assist in insuring a homogeneous melt, and then placed into a small batch-type, pilot plant furnace having sufficient capacity to permit small glass covers suitable for use with small culinary vessels to be pressed therefrom.
- the furnace operated with an oxidizing atmosphere at temperatures between about 1450°-1600° C.
- the covers were immediately transferred to an annealer operating at about 550° C.
- the Fe 2 O 3 was an impurity present in the batch materials.
- Samples were cut from the covers, ground and polished to a thickness dimension of 6 mm, thermally tempered by air chilling at 685° C., and the chromaticity coordinates and transmissions thereof measured utilizing Illuminant C. Those values are reported for Examples 1-14 in TAble II along with determinations of softening point (S.P.) in °C., annealing point (A.P.) in °C., strain point (St. P.) in °C., and coefficient of thermal expansion (Exp.) over the range of 25°-300° C. in terms of x10 -7 /°C. where measured on several samples.
- softening point S.P.
- A.P. annealing point
- St. P. strain point
- Exp. coefficient of thermal expansion
- Example 14 constitutes the most preferred composition.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
This invention is directed to transparent glass which, after thermal tempering demonstrates a tint defined by C.I.E. chromaticity coordinates and transmission utilizing Illuminant C of
x=0.3300±0.0040
y=0.3360±0.0040
Y=60.8±4
The glass consists essentially, in weight percent on the oxide basis, of
______________________________________
SiO2 75 ±2.0
Na2 O 13.45 ± 0.5
Al2 O3 165 ± 0.2
CaO 9.6 ± 0.3
As2 O3 0.15 ± 0.1
NiO 0.03 ± 0.005
with
Cr2 O3 0.002 ± 0.0005
or
CuO 0.005 ± 0.002
______________________________________
Description
Glass-ceramic bodies have been employed extensively in the manufacture of culinary ware. Such materials have been utilized in that application both in the opaque state and in the transparent state. U.S. Pat. No. 4,093,468 describes one family of essentially transparent glass-ceramic compositions demonstrating chemical and physical properties suitable for use as culinary ware.
That patent discloses the production of glass-ceramic articles having base compositions within the Li2 O--Al2 O3 --SiO2 system, but which also contains TiO2 as a nucleating agent and Fe2 O3 as an impurity customarily present in the batch materials. The combination of TiO2 and Fe2 O3 causes the development of a yellowish coloration in the glass-ceramic products. The patent teaches the addition of neodymium oxide (Nd2 O3) to the batch ingredients to act as a decolorizing agent. As can be seen from the working examples reported in the specification, however, the final crystalline articles most frequently display a residual trace coloration.
One essentially transparent glass-ceramic composition utilizing the decolorizing effect imparted by Nd2 O3 which exhibits the necessary melting and forming character for the commercial production of culinary ware, coupled with the chemical and physical properties required therein, demonstrates the following CIE chromaticity coordinates and transmission utilizing Illuminant C with ground and polished plates having a thickness of 6 mm.
x=0.3300±0.0040
y=0.3360±0.0040
Y=64±4
Dominant Wave Length (λ)=578 nm
% saturation=10.5±1
It is well-recognized that many types of culinary utensils, e.g., pots, casseroles, skillets, etc., require covers when used in certain kinds of cooking applications. For ease in monitoring the progress of cooking, a transparent cover has been deemed desirable. It is apparent that such a cover could be produced from a transparent glass-ceramic; perhaps the same glass-ceramic from which the utensil was produced. Because of the inherent greater cost of glass-ceramic materials, coupled with the fact that the cover customarily does not experience the severe mechanical and thermal shocks witnessed by the base ware, glass has been the predominant transparent material employed as covers for such utensils.
Accordingly, the primary objective of the present invention is to prepare glass compositions exhibiting the melting and forming capabilities necessary for shaping into covers for culinary utensils along with the chemical and physical properties intrinsically required in covers utilized for culinary ware. And most importantly, for aesthetic reasons, the glass should demonstrate a tint closely matching that of the glass-ceramic ware.
We have found that a transparent, thermally tempered glass closely approximating the following CIE chromaticity coordinates and transmission utilizing Illuminant C with ground and polished plates having a thickness of 6 mm.
x=0.3300±0.0040
y=0.3360±0.0040
Y=60.8±4
Dominant Wave Length (λ)=578 nm
% Saturation=10.5±1
can be prepared from a soda lime-based glass having a composition consisting essentially, expressed in terms of weight percent on the oxide basis, of about
______________________________________
SiO.sub.2 75 ±2.0
Na.sub.2 O 13.45 ± 0.5
Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 165 ± 0.2
CaO 9.6 ± 0.3
As.sub.2 O.sub.3 0.15 ± 0.1
NiO 0.03 ± 0.005
with
Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 0.002 ± 0.0005
or
CuO 0.005 ± 0.002
______________________________________
Melting of the glass will be carried out under oxidizing conditions and the glass is arsenic fined. Such glasses demonstrate a very slight tint which is very compatible with that of the above-described glass-ceramic.
The Ni+2 ion can be present in a glass structure in either a four-fold or six-fold coordination. When present in four-fold coordination, the Ni+2 ion imparts a purple coloration to the glass. In contrast, the six-fold coordination provides a yellow coloration to the glass. The ratio of Ni+2 ions in the four-fold coordination to those in the six-fold coordination is governed by three factors, viz., the base glass composition, the thermal history to which the glass is subjected, and the actual concentration of Ni+2 ions.
The effect of thermal history upon the coordination state assumed by Ni+2 ions in glass and the consequent coloration resulting therefrom has been studied in some depth. Thus, we have learned that when NiO-containing glass articles having compositions within the above-cited ranges are annealed, i.e., the articles shaped from molten glass are cooled slowly to room temperature, the Ni+2 ions apparently assume a predominantly six-fold coordination since a quite palpable yellow coloration is observed in the glass. Contrariwise, when glass articles of comparable compositions are quickly chilled to room temperature from the molten state, as occurs during thermal tempering, the Ni+2 ions apparently adopt a four-fold coordination inasmuch as the glass exhibits a purple coloration. It is conjectured that the Ni+2 ions tend to exist in four-fold coordination at high-temperatures and the sudden cooling during thermal tempering does not permit sufficient time for the high temperature state of the Ni+2 ions to be transformed to six-fold coordination.
This change of coordination states of the Ni+2 ions is of vital practical significance in the present invention since glass covers for use with culinary ware are conventionally thermally tempered to enhance the mechanical strength and thermal shock resistance thereof. Consequently, the final color of the article will be that demonstrated after the thermal tempering treatment.
Chromium can be present in the above-cited base glass compositions in either the Cr+3 or Cr+6 state. Cr+3 ions impart a green coloration to such glasses and Cr+6 ions produce a yellow coloration therein. The state of the chromium ions in the glasses is determined by redox reactions taking place during melting of the glass. Those reactions are influenced by the melting atmosphere, the temperatures employed in melting, and the inclusion of oxidizing and reducing agents in the batch.
The components of the base glass can also affect the final color of the glass; e.g., Na2 O, CaO, and Al2 O3 can modify existing color centers and impurities, such as Fe2 O3, can establish their own color centers.
Therefore, to achieve glass articles of the desired tint, the above-cited ranges of glass constituents must be closely followed and the melting and forming of the glass will be carried out under oxidizing conditions.
Table I records the batch compositions of a number of glasses, expressed in parts by weight on the oxide basis, which serve to illustrate the compositional parameters of the instant invention. The actual batch ingredients may comprise any materials, either oxides or other compounds, which, when melted together with the remaining batch components, will be converted to the desired oxide in the proper proportions. Because the sum of the tabulated individual constituents totals or approximately totals 100, for all practical purposes the values recited for each ingredient may be considered as reflecting weight percent.
The following description refers to laboratory scale melting only. Nevertheless, it must be understood that the recited compositions would also be useful in large scale, commercial glassmelting units so long as the melting was conducted under oxidizing conditions.
Batches for the several illustrative examples were compounded, the ingredients ballmilled together to assist in insuring a homogeneous melt, and then placed into a small batch-type, pilot plant furnace having sufficient capacity to permit small glass covers suitable for use with small culinary vessels to be pressed therefrom. The furnace operated with an oxidizing atmosphere at temperatures between about 1450°-1600° C. The covers were immediately transferred to an annealer operating at about 550° C. The Fe2 O3 was an impurity present in the batch materials.
TABLE I
__________________________________________________________________________
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
__________________________________________________________________________
SiO.sub.2
75.87
75.59
74.84
74.95
75.01
74.94
74.73
75.22
75.34
75.26
76.13
75.53
75.23
75.11
Na.sub.2 O
12.97
13.37
13.69
13.52
13.60
13.57
13.73
13.40
13.42
13.20
12.90
13.10
13.18
13.45
CaO 9.40
9.26
9.66
9.62
9.44
9.65
9.72
9.54
9.42
9.73
9.17
9.46
9.68
9.60
Al.sub.2 O.sub.3
1.57
1.57
1.59
1.67
1.69
1.60
1.58
1.65
1.62
1.62
1.60
1.71
1.70
1.65
Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3
0.016
0.031
0.031
0.054
0.056
0.023
0.018
0.016
0.028
0.024
0.017
0.017
0.028
0.01
NiO 0.021
0.033
0.027
0.027
0.026
0.029
0.024
0.023
0.017
0.017
0.029
0.033
0.034
0.029
As.sub.2 O.sub.3
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
CuO -- -- 0.008
0.006
0.024
0.034
0.044
Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 0.0059
0.0025
0.0021
0.0034
0.0028
0.0020
__________________________________________________________________________
Samples were cut from the covers, ground and polished to a thickness dimension of 6 mm, thermally tempered by air chilling at 685° C., and the chromaticity coordinates and transmissions thereof measured utilizing Illuminant C. Those values are reported for Examples 1-14 in TAble II along with determinations of softening point (S.P.) in °C., annealing point (A.P.) in °C., strain point (St. P.) in °C., and coefficient of thermal expansion (Exp.) over the range of 25°-300° C. in terms of x10-7 /°C. where measured on several samples.
TABLE II
__________________________________________________________________________
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
__________________________________________________________________________
S.P.
733 729 728 727 -- 756 728 728 728 731 734 734 731 730
A.P.
546 543 545 545 -- 543 541 543 545 549 546 548 546 550
St.P.
505 500 505 505 -- 503 499 502 505 509 506 503 505 510
Exp.
82 84.5
84.6
84.9
-- 83.8
84.3
84.5
83.2
83.5
82.7
80.9
84.4
85.0
X 0.3222
0.3256
0.3249
0.3269
0.3251
0.3244
0.3212
0.3227
0.3210
0.3206
0.3286
0.3316
0.3304
0.3269
Y 0.3291
0.3303
0.3291
0.3341
0.3310
0.3307
0.3282
0.3297
0.3298
0.3274
0.3342
0.3371
0.3360
0.3321
Y 70.3
66.6
65.1
64.0
65.4
62.9
67.9
69.1
72.0
73.2
61.9
57.5
57.7
60.8
__________________________________________________________________________
An analysis of Tables I and II readily evidences the need for extreme control in glass composition to achieve the demanded color properties. Example 14 constitutes the most preferred composition.
Claims (2)
1. A transparent glass which, after thermal tempering, exhibits the following C.I.E. chromaticity coordinates and transmission utilizing Illuminant C
x=0.3300±0.0040
y=0.3360±0.0040
Y=60.8±4
consisting essentially, expressed in weight percent on the oxide basis, of
______________________________________
SiO.sub.2 75 ±2.0
Na.sub.2 O 13.45 ± 0.5
Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 165 ± 0.2
CaO 9.6 ± 0.3
As.sub.2 O.sub.3 0.15 ± 0.1
NiO 0.03 ± 0.005
with
Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 0.002 ± 0.0005
or
CuO 0.005 ± 0.002
______________________________________
2. A transparent glass according to claim 1 consisting essentially, expressed in weight percent on the oxide basis, of
______________________________________
SiO.sub.2
75.11
Na.sub.2 O
13.45
Al.sub.2 O.sub.3
1.65
CaO 9.60
As.sub.2 O.sub.3
0.15
NiO 0.029
Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3
0.002.
______________________________________
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/161,760 US4273586A (en) | 1980-06-23 | 1980-06-23 | Tinted glassware |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/161,760 US4273586A (en) | 1980-06-23 | 1980-06-23 | Tinted glassware |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US4273586A true US4273586A (en) | 1981-06-16 |
Family
ID=22582602
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/161,760 Expired - Lifetime US4273586A (en) | 1980-06-23 | 1980-06-23 | Tinted glassware |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4273586A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0133761A2 (en) * | 1983-08-03 | 1985-03-06 | Imperial Chemical Industries Plc | Transparent thermoplastic sheet |
| US20190194062A1 (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2019-06-27 | Schott Ag | Coloured stove sightglass with colour-neutral transmission characteristics |
| US11072557B2 (en) | 2017-12-22 | 2021-07-27 | Schott Ag | Glass ceramic with reduced lithium content |
| US11136262B2 (en) | 2017-12-22 | 2021-10-05 | Schott Ag | Fitout articles and articles of equipment for kitchens or laboratories with a display device |
| US11572301B2 (en) | 2015-07-15 | 2023-02-07 | Schott Ag | Method and device for laser-assisted separation of a portion from a sheet glass element |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2669808A (en) * | 1951-09-15 | 1954-02-23 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co | Glass composition |
| US2693422A (en) * | 1951-08-25 | 1954-11-02 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co | Composition of glass having high ultraviolet and low visual transmission |
| US2901366A (en) * | 1957-12-12 | 1959-08-25 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co | Glass composition |
| US2956892A (en) * | 1957-10-25 | 1960-10-18 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co | Glass composition |
| US2965503A (en) * | 1958-08-11 | 1960-12-20 | Owens Illinois Glass Co | Yellow glass composition |
| US3143683A (en) * | 1959-01-02 | 1964-08-04 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co | Television tube with improved optical filter |
| US4093468A (en) * | 1977-03-23 | 1978-06-06 | Corning Glass Works | Process to obtain transparent colorless and glass-ceramics so obtained |
-
1980
- 1980-06-23 US US06/161,760 patent/US4273586A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2693422A (en) * | 1951-08-25 | 1954-11-02 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co | Composition of glass having high ultraviolet and low visual transmission |
| US2669808A (en) * | 1951-09-15 | 1954-02-23 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co | Glass composition |
| US2956892A (en) * | 1957-10-25 | 1960-10-18 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co | Glass composition |
| US2901366A (en) * | 1957-12-12 | 1959-08-25 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co | Glass composition |
| US2965503A (en) * | 1958-08-11 | 1960-12-20 | Owens Illinois Glass Co | Yellow glass composition |
| US3143683A (en) * | 1959-01-02 | 1964-08-04 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co | Television tube with improved optical filter |
| US4093468A (en) * | 1977-03-23 | 1978-06-06 | Corning Glass Works | Process to obtain transparent colorless and glass-ceramics so obtained |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0133761A2 (en) * | 1983-08-03 | 1985-03-06 | Imperial Chemical Industries Plc | Transparent thermoplastic sheet |
| EP0133761A3 (en) * | 1983-08-03 | 1987-06-16 | Imperial Chemical Industries Plc | Transparent thermoplastic sheet |
| US11572301B2 (en) | 2015-07-15 | 2023-02-07 | Schott Ag | Method and device for laser-assisted separation of a portion from a sheet glass element |
| US12037279B2 (en) | 2015-07-15 | 2024-07-16 | Schott Ag | Method and device for laser-assisted separation of a portion from a sheet glass element |
| US20190194062A1 (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2019-06-27 | Schott Ag | Coloured stove sightglass with colour-neutral transmission characteristics |
| US11059739B2 (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2021-07-13 | Schott Ag | Coloured stove sightglass with colour-neutral transmission characteristics |
| US11072557B2 (en) | 2017-12-22 | 2021-07-27 | Schott Ag | Glass ceramic with reduced lithium content |
| US11136262B2 (en) | 2017-12-22 | 2021-10-05 | Schott Ag | Fitout articles and articles of equipment for kitchens or laboratories with a display device |
| US11267748B2 (en) | 2017-12-22 | 2022-03-08 | Schott Ag | Transparent coloured lithium aluminium silicate glass ceramic and process for production and use of the glass ceramic |
| US11724960B2 (en) | 2017-12-22 | 2023-08-15 | Schott Ag | Glass ceramic with reduced lithium content |
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