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US3929127A - Diver{3 s breathing apparatus with gas purifying system - Google Patents

Diver{3 s breathing apparatus with gas purifying system Download PDF

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Publication number
US3929127A
US3929127A US482966A US48296674A US3929127A US 3929127 A US3929127 A US 3929127A US 482966 A US482966 A US 482966A US 48296674 A US48296674 A US 48296674A US 3929127 A US3929127 A US 3929127A
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United States
Prior art keywords
gas
canister
breathing apparatus
loops
ports
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US482966A
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English (en)
Inventor
Terence Barrington Paul
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B7/00—Respiratory apparatus
    • A62B7/10—Respiratory apparatus with filter elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63C—LAUNCHING, HAULING-OUT, OR DRY-DOCKING OF VESSELS; LIFE-SAVING IN WATER; EQUIPMENT FOR DWELLING OR WORKING UNDER WATER; MEANS FOR SALVAGING OR SEARCHING FOR UNDERWATER OBJECTS
    • B63C11/00—Equipment for dwelling or working underwater; Means for searching for underwater objects
    • B63C11/02—Divers' equipment
    • B63C11/18—Air supply
    • B63C11/22—Air supply carried by diver
    • B63C11/24—Air supply carried by diver in closed circulation

Definitions

  • Two more tubes extend between the canister and an inflatable bag. One allows gas to flow into the bag and the other allows gas to flow back to the canister.
  • the apparatus further comprises a high pressure oxygen cylinder to maintain a sufficient oxygen concentration in the system. Non-return valves in said tubes ensure that virtually all exhaled gas passes twice through the canister before being rebreathed.
  • DIVERS BREATHING APPARATUS WITH GAS PURIFYING SYSTEM This invention relates to breathing apparatus of the kind in which the user inhales from a breathing bag to which make-up oxygen is fed from a high pressure storage bottle and exhales into the bag through a carbon dioxide absorber.
  • Such apparatus are used largely by underwater swimmers to achieve little or no release of exhaust bubbles from the system to betray the divers whereabouts.
  • a major disability in known breathing apparatus of this type is that the last portion of any exhaled gas has not passed through the absorber when the user begins to take his next breath. Consequently, this last volume of gas will be inhaled in an untreated form. It is a primary object of this invention to ensure that virtually no gas that has just been expelled will be rebreathed and that nearly all inhaled gas will have passed through the absorber at least twice.
  • the invention consists in breathing apparatus comprising two gas conduit loops sharing a common portion over part of their length, which portion is adapted to hold a gas purifying substance, means for permitting only unidirectional motion of gas through said loops, a mouthpiece located in one of said loops, a gas tight inflatable bag forming part of the other loop and means for admitting make-up gas to the apparatus.
  • FIG. 1 shows a diagrammatic arrangement of a breathing apparatus according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 presents an end view of a canister constituting the common portion of the two loops of the apparatus of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 4 is a partly sectioned view taken on line 4-4 of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 5 is a side elevation of an adjustable pressure relief valve fitted to the inflatable gas tight bag of the apparatus of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 6 is a plan view of the valve shown in FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 8 is a partly sectioned side elevation and according to the invention is similar to FIG. 3.
  • check valves 2 and 3 in this particular embodiment will ensure that any gas in the mouthpiece loop can only move in an anticlockwise direction around the circuit, while motion in the bag loop as shown is similarly restricted to an anticlockwise sense by the check valves 7 and 8.
  • the canister 5 is filled with any suitable carbon dioxide absorbant and a separate oxygen cylinder 13 is connected as shown at 11 via a pressure reducing valve 12. This valve will pass just enough makeup oxygen to replace that consumed in the users respiratory system as the carbon dioxide he produces is gradually absorbed by the absorbant in the canister.
  • this relief valve is indicated by reference 17 and is located in the inflatable gas tight bag 6.
  • valve itself can be seen in more detail in FIGS. 5, 6 and 7.
  • the relief valve comprises a hollow cylindrical body 20 mounting a pressure adjusting screw 26.
  • the adjusting screw is turned by means of a knob 19 and acts upon an axially movable disc 24 via a suitable spring 23.
  • This disc 24 in turn bears upon a diaphragm 25 resting on a perforated disc located in the valve body 20 by a ring nut 29.
  • the pressure relief valve itself is sealed into an opening in the inflatable bag 6 by means of a ring nut 21 which securely clamps the bag material against a flange on the valve body 20.
  • a gas tight seal is promoted by the O ring 22 retained in an annular groove in the clamping face of the ring nut 21.
  • the net pressure acting on the diaphragm will overcome the spring force and open the relief valve to permit any excess gas in the inflatable bag to escape into the valve body 20 and pass out through exhaust holes 27. Once this is accomplished the spring loaded disc 24 will force the diaphragm 25 back onto its seat and thereby cut off the flow of exhaust gas.
  • the disc 24 is provided with sufficient radial clearance to enable any escaping gas to pass around it.
  • the canister 5 shown in the present embodiment comprises a cylindrical centre portion 16, the open ends of which are sealed by two removable end caps 15 secured by clamping bolt 18. Removal of the end caps is achieved by extending the fold away handle 14 and unscrewing the nut 30 from the clamping bolt 18.
  • Each end cap is provided with two ports, 7 and 9 in one end cap and 8 and in the other. Ports 7 and 8 admit gas to and from the inflatable bag 6 while the remaining ports 9 and 10 communicate with the mouthpiece hose 4. As both end caps are essentially the same in FIG. 3, it will suffice to describe the construction of ports 8 and 9 only.
  • Port 9 is identical with port 10 and comprises a port liner 34 which is pressed into the end cap against sealing O-ring 33 and held by ring nut 50.
  • This port liner 34 also serves to retain a captive knurled ring nut 35 which is free to rotate and removably connect the mouthpiece air hose 4 to the canister 5. It does this by screwing onto a flanged sleeve 37 which is then drawn up into sealing engagement with the outer end face of port liner 34 against an O-ring 36.
  • the O-ring 36 is recessed into an annular groove on the clamping face of the flanged sleeve 37 as an aid to sealing, the inner surface of the flanged sleeve 37 is threaded to accept a flanged tubular connecting piece 39 and O-ring 38. As these two components are screwed together, the air hose is securely clamped by the two projecting flanges as shown in FIG. 3.
  • Port 8 is identical with port 7 and comprises a port liner 48 which is drawn into the end cap 15 against O-ring 47 by ring nut 49 to retain a captive knurled ring nut 46.
  • a flanged spiggot 42 is sealed into the inflatable bag 6 by means of a ring nut 40 which clamps the bag material against an O-ring 41 bearing on the flange in the spiggot 42.
  • the captive knurled ring nut 46 draws the flanged spiggot 42 into sealing engagement with the outer face of the port liner 48.
  • the flanged spiggot 42 has an O-ring 43 recessed into an annular groove on its sealing face.
  • the port liner 48 and flanged spiggot 42 also serve to locate a check valve 8A.
  • FIGS. 8 to 13 The common portion of the two gas conduit loops is illustrated by FIGS. 8 to 13 inclusive.
  • components corresponding to those of the embodiment described earlier bear reference numerals greater than those in FIGS. 1 to 7.
  • the common portion is again in canister form and comprises a cylindrical centre portion 116 that locates against O-rings 32 in annular sealing grooves 131 out into the two end caps and 151.
  • the ends caps are held on the cylinder ends by means of a clamping bolt 118 and nut 130. In this case however, all connections with the exception of the oxygen inlet are made to the one end cap 151.
  • ports 109 and 110 contain no valves and connect with the mouthpiece hose by means of clips which clamp the hose into projecting flanged sleeves 158.
  • Each flanged sleeve 158 screws into the end cap 151 and seals against O-ring 159.
  • Ports 107 and 108 are adapted to communicate with the inflatable gas bag and in a similar way to the mouthpiece loop connections, these ports also comprise a projecting flanged sleeve portion 161 which screws up against an O-ring seal 163 in the end cap 151.
  • each sleeve portion 161 retains a check valve 107A or 108A which may be of the same diaphragm construction as described earlier.
  • the check valve is located by an internal sleeve 162 which is clamped against the valve by a ring nut 164 which screws into counterbore in the flanged sleeve 161.
  • the ports 108 and 110 pass completely through the end cap 151 and open into the main body of the canister, while the remaining ports 107 and 109 communi' cate with a chamber 156 formed inside the end cap itself.
  • This chamber in turn opens into a hollow cylindrical cup 157 which is threaded at its closed end and screws into a corresponding threaded portion on the clamping bolt 118. As the thread is tightened, the cylindrical cup is drawn into the end cap 151 to seal against O-ring 165.
  • the open end of the cylindrical cup 152 is sealed over one end of a long central pipe 152 which extends almost to the other end cap, at which point it opens into the canister body.
  • This pipe 152 also supports a pair of perforated discs 153 which are located on the pipe 152 towards each end of the canister and serve to retain the gas purifying substance in an annular space 166 from which it cannot escape to contaminate the airways or valves.
  • the arrangement is such that any gas entering the canister through ports 107 or 109 can only reach the annular space 166 by travelling through the central pipe 152 and emerging at the open end of the pipe adjacent and cap 150, as shown by the arrows in FIG. 8.
  • Exhaled gas will again enter the canister via port 109 but it will then pass through the chamber 156 in end cap 151 and move into the central pipe 152. After travelling through the full length of the pipe it emerges into the annular space 166 as shown by the arrows in FIG. 8. From here it must pass through the entire length of the annular space containing the gas purifying substance before it enters the inflatable bag through port 108 and check valve 108A.
  • Make-up oxygen in this case is admitted to the system through hose connection 111 located in end cap 150 at the upstream end of the canister.
  • a breathing apparatus comprising a first and a second gas conduit loop, a gas purifier chamber which forms a common portion of the two gas conduit loops over part of their length, a gas purifying substance contained within said chamber, means for permitting only uni-directional flow of gas through each of said loops and the gas purifier chamber, a mouthpiece orifice located in the first of said loops, a gas tight inflatable bag forming part of the second of said loops and means for admitting make-up gas to the apparatus whereby the gases flowing into the mouthpiece orifice flow through the gas purifying substance twice in the same direction before being returned to the mouthpiece orifice.
  • said means for permitting only uni-directional flow of gas through said loops and gas purifier chamber comprises one pair of check valves located in the. first loop on either side of the mouthpiece orifice and a second pair of check valves located in the second loop on either side of the gas tight inflatable bag with said pairs of check valves oriented to cause the uni-directional flow of gases in each loop to flow in the same directions through the gas purifier chamber.
  • a breathing apparatus as claimed in claim 1 in which the means for admitting make-up gas to the apparatus comprises a high pressure gas reservoir communicating with the apparatus through a pressure reducing valve.
  • a breathing apparatus as claimed in claim 9 in which the make-up gas enters the apparatus at an upstream end of the gas purifier chamber.
  • a breathing apparatus according to claim 1 in which the gas tight inflatable bag is provided with an adjustable pressure relief valve.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
US482966A 1974-02-06 1974-06-25 Diver{3 s breathing apparatus with gas purifying system Expired - Lifetime US3929127A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPB648274 1974-02-06

Publications (1)

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US3929127A true US3929127A (en) 1975-12-30

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US482966A Expired - Lifetime US3929127A (en) 1974-02-06 1974-06-25 Diver{3 s breathing apparatus with gas purifying system

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US3929127A (it)
JP (1) JPS50108797A (it)
AU (1) AU484863B2 (it)
CH (1) CH581045A5 (it)
DE (1) DE2433451A1 (it)
ES (1) ES428070A1 (it)
FR (1) FR2259626B1 (it)
GB (1) GB1470550A (it)
IT (1) IT1018470B (it)
NO (1) NO742304L (it)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2174913A (en) * 1985-04-15 1986-11-19 Gorman & Company Limited Siebe Improvements in and relating to breathing apparatus
GB2188553A (en) * 1986-04-02 1987-10-07 Coal Ind Improved breathing apparatus
US4781184A (en) * 1984-01-13 1988-11-01 Fife William P Closed circuit breathing apparatus and method of using same
US4938211A (en) * 1987-10-14 1990-07-03 Nippon Sanso Kabushiki Kaisha Breathing apparatus
US4964404A (en) * 1989-04-19 1990-10-23 Stone William C Breathing apparatus
US6796307B1 (en) * 2002-04-22 2004-09-28 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Multiple person high altitude recycling breathing apparatus

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2118047A (en) * 1982-04-07 1983-10-26 Siebe Gorman & Co Ltd Improvements in and relating to breathing apparatus
EP0782953A1 (en) * 1995-08-03 1997-07-09 Grand Bleu Inc. Carbon dioxide adsorption device for a diving breathing device

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2586670A (en) * 1945-01-31 1952-02-19 Christian J Lambertsen Selective gas adsorber
US3707965A (en) * 1970-10-22 1973-01-02 C Guzay Carbon dioxide absorber apparatus

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2586670A (en) * 1945-01-31 1952-02-19 Christian J Lambertsen Selective gas adsorber
US3707965A (en) * 1970-10-22 1973-01-02 C Guzay Carbon dioxide absorber apparatus

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4781184A (en) * 1984-01-13 1988-11-01 Fife William P Closed circuit breathing apparatus and method of using same
GB2174913A (en) * 1985-04-15 1986-11-19 Gorman & Company Limited Siebe Improvements in and relating to breathing apparatus
GB2188553A (en) * 1986-04-02 1987-10-07 Coal Ind Improved breathing apparatus
US4938211A (en) * 1987-10-14 1990-07-03 Nippon Sanso Kabushiki Kaisha Breathing apparatus
US4964404A (en) * 1989-04-19 1990-10-23 Stone William C Breathing apparatus
US6796307B1 (en) * 2002-04-22 2004-09-28 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Multiple person high altitude recycling breathing apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS50108797A (it) 1975-08-27
FR2259626A1 (it) 1975-08-29
DE2433451A1 (de) 1975-08-07
GB1470550A (en) 1977-04-14
AU484863B2 (en) 1975-11-27
ES428070A1 (es) 1976-07-16
CH581045A5 (it) 1976-10-29
IT1018470B (it) 1977-09-30
AU6922374A (en) 1975-11-27
FR2259626B1 (it) 1977-10-21
NO742304L (it) 1975-08-07

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