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US3894235A - X-ray diagnostic apparatus for the preparation of x-ray exposures including a timer switch for determining the exposure time - Google Patents

X-ray diagnostic apparatus for the preparation of x-ray exposures including a timer switch for determining the exposure time Download PDF

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Publication number
US3894235A
US3894235A US464655A US46465574A US3894235A US 3894235 A US3894235 A US 3894235A US 464655 A US464655 A US 464655A US 46465574 A US46465574 A US 46465574A US 3894235 A US3894235 A US 3894235A
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United States
Prior art keywords
exposure time
ray tube
ray
reference value
value
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US464655A
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English (en)
Inventor
Kurt Franke
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Publication date
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Publication of US3894235A publication Critical patent/US3894235A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05G—X-RAY TECHNIQUE
    • H05G1/00—X-ray apparatus involving X-ray tubes; Circuits therefor
    • H05G1/08—Electrical details
    • H05G1/26—Measuring, controlling or protecting
    • H05G1/30—Controlling
    • H05G1/46—Combined control of different quantities, e.g. exposure time as well as voltage or current

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT An x-ray diagnostic apparatus for the preparation of x-ray exposures, having a time switch for determining exposure time, and a control circuit for the X-ray dosage output or power with reference to a patient, which includes a dosage output measuring arrangement, a comparator element connected to the latter for comparing the actual value of the dosage output with a reference value, which effects an optimum film darkening for a particular exposure time and setting means for at least one of the operating parameters of the X-ray tube controlled by an output signal of the comparator element for correlating the actual value with the reference value.
  • the present invention relates to an X-ray diagnostic apparatus for the preparation of X-ray exposures, having a time switch for determining the exposure time, and a control circuit for the X-ray dosage output or power with reference to a patient, which includes a dosage output measuring arrangement, a comparator element connected to the latter for comparing the actual value of the dosage output with a reference value, which effects an optimum film darkening for a particular exposure time and setting means for at least one of the operating parameters of the X-ray tube controlled by an output signal of the comparator element for correlating the actual value with the reference value.
  • an X-ray tube voltage and a plurality of varied patient constitution-coordinated exposure times are automatically programmed by means of a selector switch.
  • the switch selects the shortest exposure time at the commencement of an exposure and transmits a signal to the comparator element forming a reference value in conformance with the required dosage power or output for this exposure time whereby, through the intermediary of the comparator element, the switch end setting means for the X-ray tube voltage are so controllable in the sense of correlating the actual value of the dosage output with a reference value, so as to effect a reduction in the X-ray tube voltage when the actual value is larger than the reference value, and wherein the switching-over to the next higher exposure time and the input of a new reference value signal corresponding to this exposure time toward the comparator element takes place when the actual value is smaller than the reference value.
  • the inventive X-ray diagnostic apparatus prior to the preparation of an exposure, no setting steps are required for the setting of the exposure data.
  • the X'ray tube voltage and the exposure time thereby are so adjusted, wherein a good contrast is achieved at a relatively small degree of unclarity due to movements.
  • the X-ray tube current may be automatically so set on the basis of the X-ray tube nomograph, so that the X-ray tube is always at optimal power.
  • FIG. I shows a diagrammatic illustration of an inventive X-ray diagnostic apparatus in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 a powertime graph representative of the installation of FIG. 1.
  • a three-phase, high-voltage transformer l is schematically illustrated, having a primary winding which is connectable to a power supply circuit through the intermediary of an electronic switch 2, whose operative relationship determines the high voltage of an X-ray tube 3.
  • the X-ray tube 3 is powered from two series-connected highvoltage rectifiers 4 and 5, which are connected with two groups of secondary windings of the high-voltage transformer 1.
  • an X-ray measuring chamber 7 which is connected to a dosage output comparator element 8.
  • the dosage output comparator element 8 includes three reference value inputs 9 through 11 which are connected to a switching element l2, and the latter of which is associated with a timer 13. The timer 13, after completion of the exposure time, actuates three switches 14 for terminating an exposure.
  • the electronic switch 2 is connected to a kV-regulator 15 which, in turn, is connected with the dosage output comparator element 8.
  • the setting of the X-ray tube current is provided for by means of a current regulator 16, and which has a function generator 17 associated therewith.
  • the function generator 17 includes inputs l8, 19, 20 and 21. Signals are provided at inputs 18 through 20 which correlate with the actual values of the X-ray tube current and the X-ray tube voltage, as well as with the particularly set exposure time.
  • the input 21 has a signal conveyed thereto which correlates with the reference value of the permissible power or output of the X-ray tube at the particular exposure time.
  • each exposure is initiated with a fixedly programmed intermediate X-ray tube voltage of kv, the timer 13 thereby assuming the particular setting which corresponds to the exposure time of 5 ms, and with the switching element 12 delivering a signal to the dosage output comparator element 18 in conformance with the reference value of the dosage output for this exposure time, in effect meaning, a signal which results in an optimum degree of film darkening for this exposure time.
  • the dosage output comparator element 8 When the actual value of the dosage output is larger than this reference value, the dosage output comparator element 8, by means of the kv regulator 15, effects a downward regulation of the X-ray tube voltage until the actual value of the dosage output becomes equal to the reference value. In that case, the exposure is also completed within the time interval of 5 ms. Due to the reduction of the X-ray tube voltage, there is obtained a good image contrast. The described regulating steps naturally must take place within an extremely short time in comparison with the exposure time of 5 ms, so as to achieve optimum film darkening.
  • the exposure output comparator element 8 If, during the first phase of an exposure, it is determined, at the dosage output comparator element 8, that the actual value of the dosage output is smaller than the required reference value for an optimum film darkening at the exposure time of 5 ms, then the exposure output comparator element 8, through the switching element 12, effects a switching-over of the timer 13 to the 0.1 second exposure time.
  • the switching element 12 concurrently switches in a new reference value at one of the inputs 9 through 11 of the dosage output comparator 8, which correlates with the required dosage output or power at an 0.1 second exposure time for optimum film darkening. If the actual value of the dosage quantity is now greater than the reference value, then the X-ray tube voltage is so far downwardly regulated through the kv regulator 15 until the actual value is equal to the reference value.
  • the timer 13 is switched-over to the 1 second exposure time. Concurrently, a new reference value signal is conveyed to one of the reference value inputs 9 through 11 of the dosage output comparator element 8, so that the reference value of the dosage output conforms to an optimum film darkening at the 1 second exposure time. However, if the actual value of the dosage output becomes larger than the reference value, then again there is effected a downward regulation of the X-ray tube voltage.
  • the new reference value is still larger than the actual value then, by means of the dosage output comparator element 8 and the kV-regulator 15, there is effected an increase in the X-ray tube voltage to a second programmed maximum value of 110 kv.
  • this maximum value correlation is assuredly achieved, or meaning that at this maximum value during the first exposure phase in all instances the actual value of the dosage output is assuredly higher than the reference value, so that by a downward regulation of the X-ray tube voltage correlation or balancing of values becomes possible.
  • the inventive X-ray diagnostic apparatus By means of the inventive X-ray diagnostic apparatus there is provided a satisfactory compromise between the requirement for a short exposure time so as to obtain minimum unclarity in the X-ray image due to movements, and a low X-ray tube voltage for obtaining a good image or picture contrast.
  • the rigid programming of two, or possibly more than three exposure periods there may also be provided for the rigid programming of two, or possibly more than three exposure periods.
  • the setting of the X-ray tube current is fully automatically effected in the inventive X-ray diagnostic apparatus according to the drawing by means of the function generator 17 and the current regulator 16.
  • the function generator 17 At the reference value input 21 of the function generator 17 there is provided a signal which corresponds to the X-ray nomograph, meaning, the duration of the highest permissible X-ray tube output as a function of or in dependence upon the time. Signals are supplied to the inputs 18 through 20 which correspond to the actual values of the X-ray tube current, the X-ray tube voltage, and to the selected exposure time.
  • the function generator 17 operates through a current regulator 16 to always so set the X-ray tube current whereby the X-ray tube 3 is optimally discharged. In this manner, assurance is provided that the exposure time is always maintained as short as possible.
  • the electronic switch 2 may be constructed as set forth in the disclosure in German Laid-Open Specification No. 1,961,621.
  • a signal may be provided at the input 21 of the function generator 17 as represented, for example, by the graph of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the permissible course of the X-ray power in dependence upon or function of the exposure time.
  • the function generator 17 compares the signal at its input 21, which is in accordance with FIG. 2, with the signals at its inputs 18 through 20, so as to influence the X-ray tube current in the above-described manner.
  • the generation of the signal pursuant to FIG. 2 at the input 21 may be the result of capacitors being discharged, and which are switched together to derive the desired voltage sequence pursuant to FIG. 2.
  • the current regulator 16 may be constructed as described in the disclosure of US. Pat. No. 2,962,594.
  • an X-ray diagnostic apparatus for the preparation of X-ray exposures, including timing switch means for determining the exposure time; and a control circuit for providing a predetermined X-ray dosage to a patient, said control circuit having a dosage output measuring arrangement, comparator means connected to said measuring arrangement for comparing the actual value of the dosage output with a reference value so as to effect an optimum X-ray image darkening within the respective exposure time, and setting means for at least one of the operating parameters of an X-ray tube in said apparatus, said setting means being controlled by an output signal from said comparator means for correlating said actual value with said reference value, the improvement comprising; selector switch means for programming an X-ray tube voltage and automatically set exposure time periods suitable for a plurality of varied patient constitutions, said selector switch means selecting a first exposure time for initiating an exposure and transmitting a reference value-forming signal to said comparator means representative of the required dosage output for said exposure time, said selector switch means and setting means for the X-ray tube voltage adapted to be controlled by said
  • said selector switch means being programmed for setting an intermediate value and a maximum value for said X-ray tube voltage, said switch means effecting a switchingover sequence of said X-ray tube voltage from said intermediate value to said maximum value upon the signal corresponding to the reference value at the longest exposure time failing to be correlated through a reduction in the X-ray tube voltage.
  • An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, comprising a function generator, said function generator having a plurality of inputs adapted to respectively receive signal representative of the particular set exposure time, actual value-signals of the actual values of the X-ray tube voltage and current, and a reference value signal representative of the power output curve of the X-ray tube, said function generator being adapted to set the X-ray tube current to produce optimum utilization of the X-ray tube output.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • X-Ray Techniques (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)
US464655A 1973-06-08 1974-04-26 X-ray diagnostic apparatus for the preparation of x-ray exposures including a timer switch for determining the exposure time Expired - Lifetime US3894235A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2329414A DE2329414A1 (de) 1973-06-08 1973-06-08 Roentgendiagnostikapparat zur anfertigung von roentgenaufnahmen mit einem zeitschalter zur bestimmung der aufnahmedauer

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DE (1) DE2329414A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2232904A1 (de)

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3974387A (en) * 1974-05-10 1976-08-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft X-ray diagnostic apparatus including means for regulating the X-ray tube voltage through the X-ray tube current
US3995161A (en) * 1974-03-12 1976-11-30 U.S. Philips Corporation Automatic X-ray exposure device incorporating automatic desired measuring field selection
US4035649A (en) * 1973-10-08 1977-07-12 U.S. Philips Corporation X-ray generator for a tomography apparatus
US4039811A (en) * 1975-03-21 1977-08-02 Sybron Corporation Method of operating and power supply for x-ray tubes
US4047035A (en) * 1975-07-18 1977-09-06 Heimann Gmbh Baggage inspection device
US4061920A (en) * 1975-03-15 1977-12-06 U.S. Philips Corporation X-ray installation comprising an image intensifier/image pick-up tube system and an automatic X-ray exposure device
US4063099A (en) * 1975-04-25 1977-12-13 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dental apparatus for X-ray diagnosis
US4119856A (en) * 1973-09-07 1978-10-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft X-ray diagnostic apparatus for producing series exposures
FR2446050A1 (fr) * 1979-01-04 1980-08-01 Siemens Ag Montage pour controler une installation de radiodiagnostic
US4590603A (en) * 1984-01-09 1986-05-20 General Electric Company Automatic X-ray entrance dose compensation
US4679218A (en) * 1984-06-29 1987-07-07 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft X-ray diagnostic installation having a control system for the x-ray tube high voltage
US4703496A (en) * 1985-12-30 1987-10-27 General Electric Company Automatic x-ray image brightness control
US4763343A (en) * 1986-09-23 1988-08-09 Yanaki Nicola E Method and structure for optimizing radiographic quality by controlling X-ray tube voltage, current, focal spot size and exposure time
US4777380A (en) * 1983-02-22 1988-10-11 Thomson-Csf Method of switching the electric supply between independent load circuits
USRE33634E (en) * 1986-09-23 1991-07-09 Method and structure for optimizing radiographic quality by controlling X-ray tube voltage, current focal spot size and exposure time
US5218625A (en) * 1990-07-06 1993-06-08 General Electric Cgr S.A. Method for the automatic determination of the exposure time of a radiographic film and system of implementation thereof
US5400384A (en) * 1993-01-29 1995-03-21 Oec Medical Systems, Inc. Time-based attenuation compensation
US5966425A (en) * 1989-12-07 1999-10-12 Electromed International Apparatus and method for automatic X-ray control
US6038284A (en) * 1998-01-15 2000-03-14 Siemens Medical Systems, Inc. Precision dosimetry in an intensity modulated radiation treatment system
US6192105B1 (en) 1998-11-25 2001-02-20 Communications & Power Industries Canada Inc. Method and device to calibrate an automatic exposure control device in an x-ray imaging system
US6240162B1 (en) * 1998-01-15 2001-05-29 Siemens Medical Systems, Inc. Precision dosimetry in an intensity modulated radiation treatment system
US20030058989A1 (en) * 2001-07-25 2003-03-27 Giuseppe Rotondo Real-time digital x-ray imaging apparatus
US6553095B2 (en) 1999-10-08 2003-04-22 Dentsply Research & Development Corp Automatic exposure control for dental panoramic and cephalographic x-ray equipment
US6775351B2 (en) 2000-02-02 2004-08-10 Gerardo Rinaldi Automatic X-ray detection for intra-oral dental x-ray imaging apparatus
US20040190678A1 (en) * 2002-07-25 2004-09-30 Giuseppe Rotondo Real-time digital x-ray imaging apparatus

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2846531A1 (de) * 1978-10-25 1980-05-08 Siemens Ag Roentgendiagnostikgenerator mit einem mas-relais
DE3043632A1 (de) * 1980-11-19 1982-07-08 Philips Patentverwaltung Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg Roentgengenerator zur speisung einer roentgenroehre mit einem zwischen ihrer anode und ihrer kathode befindlichen mit masse verbundenen mittelteil

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US3546461A (en) * 1968-09-13 1970-12-08 Litton Medical Products Automatic control of a nonsynchronous cine fluororadiographic apparatus
US3585391A (en) * 1969-09-24 1971-06-15 Westinghouse Electric Corp Brightness stabilizer with improved image quality
US3634871A (en) * 1970-04-15 1972-01-11 Cgr Medical Corp Heat-sensing circuit
US3842280A (en) * 1970-12-23 1974-10-15 Picker Corp Protective circuit for limiting the input power applied to an x-ray tube and method of operation

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3546461A (en) * 1968-09-13 1970-12-08 Litton Medical Products Automatic control of a nonsynchronous cine fluororadiographic apparatus
US3585391A (en) * 1969-09-24 1971-06-15 Westinghouse Electric Corp Brightness stabilizer with improved image quality
US3634871A (en) * 1970-04-15 1972-01-11 Cgr Medical Corp Heat-sensing circuit
US3842280A (en) * 1970-12-23 1974-10-15 Picker Corp Protective circuit for limiting the input power applied to an x-ray tube and method of operation

Cited By (32)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4119856A (en) * 1973-09-07 1978-10-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft X-ray diagnostic apparatus for producing series exposures
US4035649A (en) * 1973-10-08 1977-07-12 U.S. Philips Corporation X-ray generator for a tomography apparatus
US3995161A (en) * 1974-03-12 1976-11-30 U.S. Philips Corporation Automatic X-ray exposure device incorporating automatic desired measuring field selection
US3974387A (en) * 1974-05-10 1976-08-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft X-ray diagnostic apparatus including means for regulating the X-ray tube voltage through the X-ray tube current
US4061920A (en) * 1975-03-15 1977-12-06 U.S. Philips Corporation X-ray installation comprising an image intensifier/image pick-up tube system and an automatic X-ray exposure device
US4039811A (en) * 1975-03-21 1977-08-02 Sybron Corporation Method of operating and power supply for x-ray tubes
US4063099A (en) * 1975-04-25 1977-12-13 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dental apparatus for X-ray diagnosis
US4047035A (en) * 1975-07-18 1977-09-06 Heimann Gmbh Baggage inspection device
FR2446050A1 (fr) * 1979-01-04 1980-08-01 Siemens Ag Montage pour controler une installation de radiodiagnostic
US4777380A (en) * 1983-02-22 1988-10-11 Thomson-Csf Method of switching the electric supply between independent load circuits
US4590603A (en) * 1984-01-09 1986-05-20 General Electric Company Automatic X-ray entrance dose compensation
US4679218A (en) * 1984-06-29 1987-07-07 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft X-ray diagnostic installation having a control system for the x-ray tube high voltage
US4703496A (en) * 1985-12-30 1987-10-27 General Electric Company Automatic x-ray image brightness control
US4763343A (en) * 1986-09-23 1988-08-09 Yanaki Nicola E Method and structure for optimizing radiographic quality by controlling X-ray tube voltage, current, focal spot size and exposure time
USRE33634E (en) * 1986-09-23 1991-07-09 Method and structure for optimizing radiographic quality by controlling X-ray tube voltage, current focal spot size and exposure time
US5966425A (en) * 1989-12-07 1999-10-12 Electromed International Apparatus and method for automatic X-ray control
US5218625A (en) * 1990-07-06 1993-06-08 General Electric Cgr S.A. Method for the automatic determination of the exposure time of a radiographic film and system of implementation thereof
US5400384A (en) * 1993-01-29 1995-03-21 Oec Medical Systems, Inc. Time-based attenuation compensation
US6240162B1 (en) * 1998-01-15 2001-05-29 Siemens Medical Systems, Inc. Precision dosimetry in an intensity modulated radiation treatment system
US6038284A (en) * 1998-01-15 2000-03-14 Siemens Medical Systems, Inc. Precision dosimetry in an intensity modulated radiation treatment system
US6192105B1 (en) 1998-11-25 2001-02-20 Communications & Power Industries Canada Inc. Method and device to calibrate an automatic exposure control device in an x-ray imaging system
US6553095B2 (en) 1999-10-08 2003-04-22 Dentsply Research & Development Corp Automatic exposure control for dental panoramic and cephalographic x-ray equipment
US20040228452A1 (en) * 2000-02-02 2004-11-18 Gerardo Rinaldi Automatic x-ray detection for intra-oral dental x-ray imaging apparatus
US6775351B2 (en) 2000-02-02 2004-08-10 Gerardo Rinaldi Automatic X-ray detection for intra-oral dental x-ray imaging apparatus
US7016466B2 (en) 2000-02-02 2006-03-21 Gendex Corporation Automatic x-ray detection for intra-oral dental x-ray imaging apparatus
US20030058989A1 (en) * 2001-07-25 2003-03-27 Giuseppe Rotondo Real-time digital x-ray imaging apparatus
US7016461B2 (en) 2001-07-25 2006-03-21 Gendex Corporation Real-time digital x-ray imaging apparatus
US20060126780A1 (en) * 2001-07-25 2006-06-15 Gendex Corporation Real-time digital x-ray imaging apparatus
US7319736B2 (en) 2001-07-25 2008-01-15 Gendex Corporation Real-time digital x-ray imaging apparatus
US20040190678A1 (en) * 2002-07-25 2004-09-30 Giuseppe Rotondo Real-time digital x-ray imaging apparatus
US7197109B2 (en) 2002-07-25 2007-03-27 Gendex Corporation Real-time digital x-ray imaging apparatus
US7672425B2 (en) 2002-07-25 2010-03-02 Gendex Corp. Real-time digital X-ray imaging apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2232904A1 (de) 1975-01-03
DE2329414A1 (de) 1975-01-02

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