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US3719230A - Casing pipe and method of casing a borehole - Google Patents

Casing pipe and method of casing a borehole Download PDF

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Publication number
US3719230A
US3719230A US00123950A US3719230DA US3719230A US 3719230 A US3719230 A US 3719230A US 00123950 A US00123950 A US 00123950A US 3719230D A US3719230D A US 3719230DA US 3719230 A US3719230 A US 3719230A
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United States
Prior art keywords
borehole
casing
pipe
coating
corrosive fluid
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00123950A
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R Kemp
R Blanchard
R Chamberlin
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Schlumberger Technology Corp
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Dow Chemical Co
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Assigned to DOWELL SCHLUMBERGER INCORPORATED, reassignment DOWELL SCHLUMBERGER INCORPORATED, ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: DOWELL SCHLUMBERGER INCORPORATED, 500 GULF FREEWAY, HOUSTON, TEXAS 77001, DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY, THE, 2030 DOW CENTER, ABBOTT ROAD, MIDLAND, MI. 48640
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
    • E21B33/14—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like for cementing casings into boreholes

Definitions

  • normally employed steel (or other commonly employed metal) casing pipe is coated on the outside with a material which is highly resistant to corrosive attack by the material circulated through the borehole and sufficiently strong so as not to collapse once the steel casing pipe is dissolved away.
  • the steel casing pipe is employed as a sacrificial support member.
  • the so coated pipe is cemented into a borehole in a normal manner. After in place a corrosive fluid is allowed to pass therethrough and the steel casing pipe is corroded away leaving the coating material as the transporting conduit.
  • the corrosive fluid can be the fluid which is to be stored or recovered from a subterranean formation or a special fluid can be used.
  • the metal pipe can be substantially completely dissolved away prior to the transportation of the corrosive fluid which is to be normally transported therethrough.
  • novel casing pipe has particular utility in casing boreholes through which highly corrosive fluids are to be transported it can be employed to case other types of bores, for example, those used in oil and gas wells, water wells and the like.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a portion or two casing pipes joined together, each having been partially coated with a reinforced resinous material.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the same two pipes illustrated in FIG. 1 wherein the exposed joint has been also wrapped with the resinous material prior to being emplaced in the borehole.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the use of the novel article in a borehole with a portion of the metal casing pipe having been corroded away.
  • the coating material employed in the practice of the present invention is any material which can be successfully bonded to the outside of the casing pipe, which upon the dissolution of the pipe is sufficiently strong to maintain its integrity as a liner, and which is substantially completely chemically inert to the action of the corrosive fluid flowing therethrough.
  • the coating is composed of a fibrous reinforced resin.
  • the fibrous reinforced resin is a composite made by incorporating fibrous reinforcements into a resinous matrix. The matrix provides a means for binding the reinforcements together and for transmitting the load to the reinforcements.
  • thermo-setting and thermoplastic resins such as, for example, polyesters, phenolics, epoxides, silicones, dialkyl phthalates, alkyds, melamine, fluorochemical resins, polycarbonates, acrylic, acetals, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyimides, polybenzimidazoles and the like.
  • the fibrous reinforcements can be, for example, glass, cotton, asbestos, hard natural fibers, e.g. sisal, jute, etc., or synthetic fibers, e.g. rayon, nylon or the like.
  • Inert fillers may be added to the resinous matrix to make the composite less expensive; to strengthen the composite; to decrease the shrinkage thereof; to reduce its thermal expansion; to improve its heat resistance; to reduce its porosity or the like.
  • Exemplary of such inert fillers include particulate, alumina, asbestos shorts, calcium carbonate, calcium silicate, cellulose flock, glass beads and spheres, graphite, baked carbon, iron oxide, magnesia, mica, silica, titanium dioxide, various clays and the like.
  • the outer surface of coating can be roughed or a particulate material embedded thereon to provide for a better bond between the cement employed to hold the casing in the borehole and the coating.
  • sand or other inert particulate material can be placed on the surface of a resinous material prior to its final set to provide a rough surface.
  • the coated steel casing pipe can be made in any suitable manner.
  • it can be fabricated by the filament winding technique.
  • the casing pipe is wound with a continuous filament of reinforcement which is either submerged in a resinous matrix as it passes to the casing pipe or is previously coated with the required resin and the resulting coated pipe is cured (usually under elevated pressure) to give the final product.
  • the coated casing pipe may also be prepared by building up a composite plate by means of bonding fibrous mats (either woven or non-woven) with a suitable resin which is usually cured with heat under pressure. Both of these techniques are well known in the art of preparing plastic reinforced pipes, containers and the like.
  • each section of a casing pipe 10 is coated with the reinforced resinous material 11 over the entire length thereof except for an area near each joint 12. This area is left uncoated so that the casing pipe may be handled with normal casing equipment without destroying the resinous coating, prior to placing the casing pipe into position in the borehole. However, in applications where such destruction will not occur the entire length of the pipe may be coated.
  • the exposed area around the joint is coated with a reinforced resinous material 13 which is cured prior to placement into the borehole.
  • the first coated portion of the easing pipe can be beveled 14 around the ends near the joints so that an overlap of reinforced resinous material can be made at the joints.
  • the thickness of the resinous coating will vary depending on the environment of the borehole (e.g. heat, pressure, etc.) and on the type of resin and the kind of fibrous reinforcement employed. Generally, however, a coating ranging from about to about k inch thick is suitable. The thickness of the particulate coating employed should be sufficient to withstand the pressures exerted in a borehole once the metal pipe isdissolved away.
  • the casing pipe was installed in the borehole in the following manner:
  • the cased borehole is being employed to transport a brine containing about 17 per cent by weight NaCl, about 15 ppm Cl, with a pH of about 1 to a storage cavern.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

An article of manufacture and its use for casing boreholes used for transporting corrosive fluids is taught. A metal casing pipe is provided with a coating of a set resinous material having incorporated therein fibrous reinforcements. The so-coated casing pipe is placed in the borehole and when the steel is corroded away a reinforced resinous casing remains.

Description

United States Patent 91 Kemp et al.
CASING PIPE AND METHOD OF CASING A BOREHOLE lnventors: Ray F. Kemp, Port Allen; Robert R. Blanchard, Baton Rouge, both of La.; Roger S Chamberlin, Magnolia, Ark.
Assignee: The Dow Chemical Company,
Midland, Mich.
Filed: March 15, 1971 Appl. No.: 123,950
US. Cl ..l66/315, l66/242 Int. Cl. ..,.E2lb 43/00 Field of Search ..l66/3l5, 314, 242, 305 D; i 138/145, 146; 285/55 1 March 6, 1973 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,055,424 9/ 1962 Allen ..l66/242 X 3,220,437 11/1965 Safi'ord .;.166/242 X Primary Examiner-Robert L. Wolfe Attorney-Griswold & Burdick, Bruce M. Kanuch and Lloyd S. Jowanovitz [5 7] ABSTRACT An article of manufacture and its use for easing boreholes used for transporting corrosive fluids is taught. A metal casing pipe is provided with a coating of a set resinous material having incorporated therein fibrous reinforcements. The so-coated casing pipe is placed in the borehole and when the steel is corroded away a reinforced resinous casing remains.
9 Claims, 3 Drawing Figures PATENIEDHAR 6|975 mvzsmoaa Roy F. Kemp Robe/76?. B/Onchord oger .S. chamberfi/n m M K HTTORNEY CASING PIPE AND METHOD OF CASING A BOREHOLE BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Boreholes employed to transport corrosive fluids, e.g., brines, from or into subterranean formations and/or caverns are normally cased with steel pipe which is held in place by filling the annulus between the pipe and hole with casing cement.
In the past these steel casing pipes were readily attacked by the corrosive constituents of the fluid. Attempts have been made to reduce the rate at which the casing pipe is corroded by employing corrosion inhibitors of many types. Also the pipes have been lined with various materials which themselves resist corrosive attack. However, neither of these methods have met with complete success and the steel casing pipe has to be periodically replaced, rebuilt, relined or the borehole may be completely abandoned.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In the practice of the present invention normally employed steel (or other commonly employed metal) casing pipe is coated on the outside with a material which is highly resistant to corrosive attack by the material circulated through the borehole and sufficiently strong so as not to collapse once the steel casing pipe is dissolved away. The steel casing pipe is employed as a sacrificial support member. The so coated pipe is cemented into a borehole in a normal manner. After in place a corrosive fluid is allowed to pass therethrough and the steel casing pipe is corroded away leaving the coating material as the transporting conduit. The corrosive fluid can be the fluid which is to be stored or recovered from a subterranean formation or a special fluid can be used. The metal pipe can be substantially completely dissolved away prior to the transportation of the corrosive fluid which is to be normally transported therethrough. Thus it is evident that although the novel casing pipe has particular utility in casing boreholes through which highly corrosive fluids are to be transported it can be employed to case other types of bores, for example, those used in oil and gas wells, water wells and the like.
The methods and apparatus employed to case boreholes with steel pipes, and the cement compositions employed to support the same are well known in the oil, gas and brine well industry. Further elaboration on these techniques and composition need not be made. For general information on the methods and compositions reference may be had to such literature as Craft, Holden and Graves, Well Design: Drilling and Production, Chapters 2-4, (1962) and the publications cited therein as references.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIG. 1 illustrates a portion or two casing pipes joined together, each having been partially coated with a reinforced resinous material.
FIG. 2 illustrates the same two pipes illustrated in FIG. 1 wherein the exposed joint has been also wrapped with the resinous material prior to being emplaced in the borehole.
FIG. 3 illustrates the use of the novel article in a borehole with a portion of the metal casing pipe having been corroded away.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The coating material employed in the practice of the present invention is any material which can be successfully bonded to the outside of the casing pipe, which upon the dissolution of the pipe is sufficiently strong to maintain its integrity as a liner, and which is substantially completely chemically inert to the action of the corrosive fluid flowing therethrough. Preferably, the coating is composed of a fibrous reinforced resin. The fibrous reinforced resin is a composite made by incorporating fibrous reinforcements into a resinous matrix. The matrix provides a means for binding the reinforcements together and for transmitting the load to the reinforcements.
Any resin can be employed which has the properties hereinbefore taught. Exemplary materials include thermo-setting and thermoplastic resins such as, for example, polyesters, phenolics, epoxides, silicones, dialkyl phthalates, alkyds, melamine, fluorochemical resins, polycarbonates, acrylic, acetals, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyimides, polybenzimidazoles and the like.
The fibrous reinforcements can be, for example, glass, cotton, asbestos, hard natural fibers, e.g. sisal, jute, etc., or synthetic fibers, e.g. rayon, nylon or the like.
Inert fillers may be added to the resinous matrix to make the composite less expensive; to strengthen the composite; to decrease the shrinkage thereof; to reduce its thermal expansion; to improve its heat resistance; to reduce its porosity or the like. Exemplary of such inert fillers include particulate, alumina, asbestos shorts, calcium carbonate, calcium silicate, cellulose flock, glass beads and spheres, graphite, baked carbon, iron oxide, magnesia, mica, silica, titanium dioxide, various clays and the like.
The outer surface of coating can be roughed ora particulate material embedded thereon to provide for a better bond between the cement employed to hold the casing in the borehole and the coating. For example, during the manufacture of the casing pipe, sand or other inert particulate material can be placed on the surface of a resinous material prior to its final set to provide a rough surface.
The coated steel casing pipe can be made in any suitable manner. For example, it can be fabricated by the filament winding technique. In this technique the casing pipe is wound with a continuous filament of reinforcement which is either submerged in a resinous matrix as it passes to the casing pipe or is previously coated with the required resin and the resulting coated pipe is cured (usually under elevated pressure) to give the final product. The coated casing pipe may also be prepared by building up a composite plate by means of bonding fibrous mats (either woven or non-woven) with a suitable resin which is usually cured with heat under pressure. Both of these techniques are well known in the art of preparing plastic reinforced pipes, containers and the like.
As illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 in a preferred embodiment, each section of a casing pipe 10 is coated with the reinforced resinous material 11 over the entire length thereof except for an area near each joint 12. This area is left uncoated so that the casing pipe may be handled with normal casing equipment without destroying the resinous coating, prior to placing the casing pipe into position in the borehole. However, in applications where such destruction will not occur the entire length of the pipe may be coated. After two casing pipes have been joined together the exposed area around the joint is coated with a reinforced resinous material 13 which is cured prior to placement into the borehole. As an aid in assuring a substantially continuous resinous coating the first coated portion of the easing pipe can be beveled 14 around the ends near the joints so that an overlap of reinforced resinous material can be made at the joints.
The thickness of the resinous coating will vary depending on the environment of the borehole (e.g. heat, pressure, etc.) and on the type of resin and the kind of fibrous reinforcement employed. Generally, however, a coating ranging from about to about k inch thick is suitable. The thickness of the particulate coating employed should be sufficient to withstand the pressures exerted in a borehole once the metal pipe isdissolved away.
EXAMPLE As an example of the article and method of the present invention a borehole (8400 feet deep and cased with steel pipe) connecting the surface of the ground with a brine disposal well was cased in the following manner.
' The outside of steel casing pipes having a length of about 32 feet and a 6 54: inch outside diameter were cleaned to remove oil and the like. Each length was then coated. with a /16 inch thick layer of a vinyl ester resin reinforced with glass fibers. The entire surface of each section of pipe was coated with the resinous coating except for an are 30 inches from the female end and 18 inches from the male end. Prior to curing the resin its surface was coated with sand. After curing, the coating near each exposed joint was tapered with a sander.
The casing pipe was installed in the borehole in the following manner:
Three sectionsof coated casing pipe were joined together (threaded and torqued to provide two joints) and lowered into the hole. A fourth section was then threaded and torqued and this exposed joint was wrapped with a reinforced resinous material in the following manner. The resin was the same employed originally to coat each section of pipe. The reinforcement was glass fiber. The joint was overwrapped with the resin and the glass and then cured with a heat gun. The casing pipe was then pulled out of the hole to expose the second joint which was coated in the same manner as the first, and then pulled out further to perform the same operations on the third joint. This entire string was then lowered into the hole and 4 other sections attached thereto with each joint being coated in the manner described above. The sequence was repeated until the entire 8400 feet was cased. Following the placement of the coated casing pipe the annulus between the coated pipe and wall of the cased borehole was cemented to hold the pipe in place. The cased borehole is being employed to transport a brine containing about 17 per cent by weight NaCl, about 15 ppm Cl, with a pH of about 1 to a storage cavern.
What is claimed is:
l. A method of casing a borehole which penetrates a subterranean formation and through which a corrosive fluid is transported which com rises: I
a. bonding to substantially t e entire outside surface of a metal casing pipe prior to its being lowered into said borehole, a coating material having sufficient strength to maintain the integrity of the borehole after the metal pipe is removed and substantially chemically inert to the corrosive fluid, b. securing the casing pipe in the borehole, and c. chemically dissolving the inner metal pipe away to leave thecoating as the primary casing in the borehole.
2. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein the borehole connects the surface of the earth with a subterranean formation containing a highly corrosive fluid.
3. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein the metal pipe is dissolved away bya corrosive fluid normally transported through the casing.
4. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein the metal pipe is substantially completely dissolved away prior to the transportation of said corrosive fluid therethrough.
5. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein the coating material is a resin.
6. The method as defined in claim 5 wherein the coating material also contains a fibrous reinforcement.
7. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein the coating material is a resin reinforced with a fibrous material.
8. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein the coating is a filament wound fibrous reinforced resin.
9. The method as defined in claim l whe'rein the casing pipe is secured in the borehole with cement.

Claims (8)

1. A method of casing a borehole which penetrates a subterranean formation and through which a corrosive fluid is transported which comprises: a. bonding to substantially the entire outside surface of a metal casing pipe prior to its being lowered into said borehole, a coating material having sufficient strength to maintain the integrity of the borehole after the metal pipe is removed and substantially chemically inert to the corrosive fluid, b. securing the casing pipe in the borehole, and c. chemically dissolving the inner metal pipe away to leave the coating as the primary casing in the borehole.
2. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein the borehole connects the surface of the earth with a subterranean formation containing a highly corrosive fluid.
3. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein the metal pipe is dissolved away by a corrosive fluid normally transported through the casing.
4. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein the metal pipe is substantially completely dissolved away prior to the transportation of said corrosive fluid therethrough.
5. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein the coating material is a resin.
6. The method as defined in claim 5 wherein the coating material also contains a fibrous reinforcement.
7. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein the coating material is a resin reinforced with a fibrous material.
8. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein the coatIng is a filament wound fibrous reinforced resin.
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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4134453A (en) * 1977-11-18 1979-01-16 Halliburton Company Method and apparatus for perforating and slotting well flow conductors
WO1991018180A1 (en) * 1990-05-18 1991-11-28 Philippe Nobileau Preform device and processes for coating and/or lining a cylindrical volume
US5106440A (en) * 1989-01-30 1992-04-21 Tangeman Andrew F Method for repairing manholes or wetwalls
FR2668241A1 (en) * 1990-10-22 1992-04-24 Nobileau Philippe Device for producing in situ a drilling or pipeline casing (lining)
US20040145179A1 (en) * 2003-01-29 2004-07-29 Fawley Norman C. System for joining sections of composite reinforced line pipe
US20050211445A1 (en) * 2004-03-24 2005-09-29 Ravi Krishna M Casing comprising stress-absorbing materials and associated methods of use
US20070151730A1 (en) * 2005-12-29 2007-07-05 Reddy B R Cement compositions comprising particulate carboxylated elastomers and associated methods
US20070151484A1 (en) * 2005-12-29 2007-07-05 Reddy B R Cement compositions comprising particulate carboxylated elastomers and associated methods
US7530396B1 (en) 2008-01-24 2009-05-12 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Self repairing cement compositions and methods of using same
US20150015411A1 (en) * 2013-07-15 2015-01-15 Baker Hughes Incorporated Electromagnetic Telemetry Apparatus and Methods for Use in Wellbores

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3055424A (en) * 1959-11-25 1962-09-25 Jersey Prod Res Co Method of forming a borehole lining or casing
US3220437A (en) * 1963-03-28 1965-11-30 Zapata Lining Corp Blast coating and method of applying the same to tubing

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3055424A (en) * 1959-11-25 1962-09-25 Jersey Prod Res Co Method of forming a borehole lining or casing
US3220437A (en) * 1963-03-28 1965-11-30 Zapata Lining Corp Blast coating and method of applying the same to tubing

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4134453A (en) * 1977-11-18 1979-01-16 Halliburton Company Method and apparatus for perforating and slotting well flow conductors
US5106440A (en) * 1989-01-30 1992-04-21 Tangeman Andrew F Method for repairing manholes or wetwalls
WO1991018180A1 (en) * 1990-05-18 1991-11-28 Philippe Nobileau Preform device and processes for coating and/or lining a cylindrical volume
US5337823A (en) * 1990-05-18 1994-08-16 Nobileau Philippe C Preform, apparatus, and methods for casing and/or lining a cylindrical volume
FR2668241A1 (en) * 1990-10-22 1992-04-24 Nobileau Philippe Device for producing in situ a drilling or pipeline casing (lining)
US20040145179A1 (en) * 2003-01-29 2004-07-29 Fawley Norman C. System for joining sections of composite reinforced line pipe
US20040189000A1 (en) * 2003-01-29 2004-09-30 Fawley Norman C. System for joining sections of composite reinforced line pipe
US7093860B2 (en) 2003-01-29 2006-08-22 Ncf Industries, Inc. System for joining sections of composite reinforced line pipe
US7534321B2 (en) * 2003-01-29 2009-05-19 Ncf Industries, Inc. System for joining sections of composite reinforced line pipe
US7337841B2 (en) 2004-03-24 2008-03-04 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Casing comprising stress-absorbing materials and associated methods of use
US20050211445A1 (en) * 2004-03-24 2005-09-29 Ravi Krishna M Casing comprising stress-absorbing materials and associated methods of use
WO2005093202A1 (en) * 2004-03-24 2005-10-06 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Improved casing comprising stress-absorbing materials and associated methods of use
US20070151730A1 (en) * 2005-12-29 2007-07-05 Reddy B R Cement compositions comprising particulate carboxylated elastomers and associated methods
US20070151484A1 (en) * 2005-12-29 2007-07-05 Reddy B R Cement compositions comprising particulate carboxylated elastomers and associated methods
US7645817B2 (en) 2005-12-29 2010-01-12 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Cement compositions comprising particulate carboxylated elastomers and associated methods
US7650940B2 (en) 2005-12-29 2010-01-26 Halliburton Energy Services Inc. Cement compositions comprising particulate carboxylated elastomers and associated methods
US7530396B1 (en) 2008-01-24 2009-05-12 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Self repairing cement compositions and methods of using same
US20150015411A1 (en) * 2013-07-15 2015-01-15 Baker Hughes Incorporated Electromagnetic Telemetry Apparatus and Methods for Use in Wellbores
AU2014290732B2 (en) * 2013-07-15 2018-01-04 Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc Electromagnetic telemetry apparatus and methods for use in wellbores
US9964660B2 (en) * 2013-07-15 2018-05-08 Baker Hughes, A Ge Company, Llc Electromagnetic telemetry apparatus and methods for use in wellbores

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Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY, THE, 2030 DOW CENTER, ABBOTT ROAD, MIDLAND, MI. 48640;DOWELL SCHLUMBERGER INCORPORATED, 500 GULF FREEWAY, HOUSTON, TEXAS 77001;REEL/FRAME:004398/0131;SIGNING DATES FROM 19850410 TO 19850417