US3543292A - Photographic gelatin hardened with bis isoxazole compounds and their quaternary salts - Google Patents

Description

PHOTOGRAPHIC GELATIN HARDENED WITH BIS ISOXAZOLE COMPOUNDS AND THEIR QUATER- NARY SALTS Donald M. Burness and Jerome J. Looker, Rochester,

N.Y., assignors to Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, N.Y., a corporation of New Jersey No Drawing. Continuation-impart of application Ser. No. 486,189, Sept. 9, 1965. This application June 20, 1967, Ser. No. 647,324

Int. Cl. G03c 1/30 US. Cl. 96-111 7 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Bis isoxazoles and their quaternary salts are disclosed. The quaternary salts are particularly useful in rendering carboxyl-containing polymers and other compositions resistant to the swelling from aqueous solutions.

This application is a continuation-in-part of our copending application Ser. No. 486,189 filed Sept. 9, 1965 now abandoned.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of invention This invention relates to a new class of nitrogen-containing compounds, their ammonium salts, and uses of such materials. In one aspect, this invention relates to the rendering of hydrophilic colloid compositions, capable of forming layers, resistant to the effects of swelling from aqueous solutions.

In another of its aspects, this invention relates to photographic elements comprising a layer hardened by bisisoxazolium salts and having reduced staining properties.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART The use of gelatin and certain synthetic carboxyl-containing polymers, alone and in combination with each other as vehicles in solutions, emulsions, and layers, as for example in photographic products, is enhanced by increasing their resistance to swelling from aqueous solutions.

Various materials have been suggested for increasing swell resistance of such hydrophilic materials and although some have shown utility, many of these have adversely affected the properties, particularly photographic properties, of materials containing them. In order to improve resistance to swell or hardening of a hardenable material such as a carboxyl-containing polymer, without adversely affecting photographic materials, hardening agents, such as aziridines, have been incorporated into the hardenable materials. However, because of their detrimental physiological effect, aziridines have not proved wholly satisfactory.

It is evident therefore, that the art would be advanced by an effective, safe, and convenient means for providing good swell resistance to hardenable materials, particularly carboxyl-containing materials, using compounds which are readily soluble and which neither adversely affect the photographic properties of such materials nor adversely affect the individual workers.

SUMMARY OF INVENTION We have now discovered a new class of his heterocyclic compounds, as described herein. These compounds comprise two isoxazole rings which are linked to one another through carbon atoms at ring positions 2, 4, or of said isoxazole rings where O and N are 1-2 with respect to each other. In addition, each isoxazole ring is unsubstituted in the 3 position. Compounds of this type effecnited States Patent O tively increase swell resistance from aqueous solutions of systems comprising a hardenable material, e.g. a carboxylcontaining polymer, without any significant detrimental side effects.

In practicing this invention, these compounds are conveniently used in the form of their ammonium salts which are water-soluble and can be easily incorporated into aqueous compositions comprising carboxyl-containing polymers such as gelatin or synthetic polymers.

Such salts can be effectively used in any concentration for hardening purposes, although suitable hardening concentrations are generally in the range of about 1 to about 5 percent, by weight, based on the weight of harden able material such as carboxyl-containing polymer.

As illustrated by Example 11, the hardeners described herein are particularly effective in color photography since their use results in reducing the stain usually exhibited by multiple layer photographic silver halide systems which contain a color coupler and hydrophilic colloid layers. Such layers generally comprise hardenable carboxyl-containing polymers such as gelatin, vinyl polymers, or mixtures thereof. Suitable carboxyl-containing polymers are film-forming and suitable vinyl polymers are exemplified by ethyl-acrylate-acrylic acid polymer (4:1 by weight), butyl acrylate-acrylic acid polymer (9:1 by weight), and the like. The various following examples are illustrative in contrasting the photographic effects of prior art hardening agents in comparison to those agents of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS One embodiment of this invention relates to his heterocyclic compounds comprising two isoxazole rings linked through carbon atoms at ring positions 2, 4, and 5 of said isoxazole rings, each of said rings being unsubstituted in the 3 position.

Another embodiment of this invention relates to a his isoxazole or its quaternary salt comprising two isoxazole rings unsubstituted in their 3 positions and linked at their 2, 4, or 5 positions through a divalent aliphatic or aromatic group.

Another embodiment of this invention relates to bisisoxazolium salts having the following formulae:

Ran 9 "nl Z A a" )2 Rs Rn/ t aezea a Rn Rn where each Z is a divalent aliphatic or aromatic radical, each R is aliphatic hydrocarbon of 1-4 carbons, each R' is alkyl, cycloalkyl, or aryl, provided R is not linked to a ring in the 3 position, each n is an integer of from 0 to 2 and each X is an anion.

Another embodiment relates to a photographic element comprising a support, and a layer comprised of a carboxyl-containing polymer hardened with a bis isoxazolium salt.

Still another embodiment relates to a composition comprising a hydrophilic colloid containing a his isoxazolium salt in hardening concentration.

The bis heterocyclic compounds of this invention comprise at least two heterocyclic rings. The hetero atoms in each of these rings are nitrogen and oxygen in the 1-2 position with respect to each other.

As already indicated, the two isoxazole rings present in the heterocyclic compounds of this invention are linked through carbon atoms at their 2, 4, or 5 positions. Suitable linking groups (designated Z in the formulae) are divalent aliphatic or aromatic groups. Suitable aliphatic groups, including cycloaliphatic groups, can be straight chain or branched and include alkylene, cycloalkylene, and the like. Generally, a linking group contains not more than carbon atoms and includes alkylene groups such as tetramethylene, pentamethylene, hexamethylene, and araylene groups, such as phenylene, and the like. Linking groups are preferably hydrocarbon but such groups can also contain atoms other than carbon, for example, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, and the like. The nitrogen atoms in the two isoxazole rings present in the compounds of this invention carry aliphatic substituents, designated as R in the above formulas. Suitable R substituents contain 1-4 carbon atoms and include for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, allyl, tertiary butyl, isopropyl, and the like. Each isoxazole ring can carry substituents, designated R in the above formulas. Such substituents occur at the various available isoxazole ring positions other than 3 and include alkyl, cycloalkyl, and aryl groups as exemplified by methyl, ethyl, hexyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, naphthyl, and the like. Such groups can be hydrocarbon or can contain atoms other than carbon and hydrogen, e.g. oxygen or halogen as in hydroxyalkyl or chloroalkyl groups. The anion previously shown as X, can be, for example, perchlorate, p-toluenesulfonate, chloride, nitrate, tetrafiuoroborate, or the like. It is most desirable that the anion contributes to the water solubility of the base compound and that the entire radical possesses a negative valence of two.

A convenient method for preparing the his isoxazole compounds of this invention comprises reacting an ap propriate hydroxylamine salt, such as hydroxylamine hydrochloride, and a suitable substance comprising two fl-ketoaldehyde moieties, such as p-phenylenebis(diethylamino-propenone), 2,2-phenylenebis-(S-dimethylamino acrolein) and the like, or its equivalent precursor substance in situ. The novel salts of these compounds are prepared by reacting these bis isoxazole compounds with compounds capable of producing the desired anion in a suitable solvent. All such reactions are carried out in the presence of organic solvents at moderate temperatures. In general, the reaction forming the his isoxazole compounds is complete in hours or less but may take as long as 72 hours and the resulting compounds are isolated by conventional procedures. The reactions are not pressure dependent and therefore superatmospheric or subatmospheric pressures are employed. As is obvious to one skilled in the art, the specific reaction conditions, for example, temperature, pressure, and the like, depend upon the particular reactants employed.

The compounds described in this application can be used eifectively in combination with hardenable materials in general but are most advantageously used with hydrophilic colloid coating compositions used in preparing photographic elements added either in solution or as addition salts. Specific materials which can be hardened according to the practice of this invention include hardenable carboxyl-containing polymers such as gelatin, binding materials such as colloidal albumin, water-soluble vinyl polymers, cellulose derivatives, proteins, water-soluble poly acrylamides, dispersed polymerized vinyl compounds, particularly those which increase the dimensional stability of photographic materials as exemplified by polymers of alkyl acrylates, methacrylates, acrylic acid, sulfoalkyl acrylates, methacrylates, maleic-acid and the like.

The hardening agents described herein can be used in various kinds of photographic emulsions. In addition to being useful in orthochromatic panchromatic and in frared emulsions, they are also useful in X-ray and other nonoptically sensitized emulsions. They can be added to the emulsions before or after any optically sensitizing dyes which may be used. They are effective in sulfur and gold sensitized silver halide emulsions. Various silver salts can be used as sensitive salts, including, for example, silver bromide, silver iodide, silver chloride, silver chlorobromide silver bromoiodide, or silver chloriodide.

The materials hardened in the practice of this invention can be coated on a wide variety of supports. Typical supports include those generally employed for photographic elements, as exemplified by cellulose nitrate film, cellulose acetate film, polyvinyl acetal film, polystyrene film, polyethylene terephthalate film, and related film or resinous materials as well as glass, paper, metal, wood, and the like. Supports such as paper that are coated with a-olefin polymers, particularly polymers of a-olefins containing 2-10 carbon atoms, as for example, polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene butene copolymers, and the like, can also be employed.

In addition to the hardening agents disclosed herein, photographic emulsions and elements can also contain additional additives, particularly those known to be beneficial in photographic emulsions, as exemplified by optical sensitizers, speed increasing materials, other hardeners, plasticizers, and the like.

This invention can be further illustrated by the following examples of preferred embodiments thereof although it will be understood that these examples are included merely for purposes of illustration and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention unless otherwise specifically indicated.

Example 1 .5 ,5 p-phenylene bisisoxazole 3.2 parts of p-diacetylbenzene and 15 parts of ethyl formate by weight are dissolved in parts of benzene. This solution is hten added to a suspension of 6.5 parts of sodium methoxide in 50 parts of benzene at 10 C. The mixture is allowed to warm to 25 C. and is left standing for 16 hours. The benzene is then distilled 01f, and the residue dissolved in methanol, and a solution of 9.8 parts of dimethylamine hydrochloride in methanol is added. After five hours, the solvent is distilled oif; and the solid residue washed with benzene and then with water giving 4.2 parts of l,1'-(p-phenylene)bis-(3-dimethylamino-2- propen-l-one) having a melting point of 260-262 C.

To a suspension of 22 parts of the p-phenylenebis-(dimethylamino-propenone) (the preparation of which is described in the preceding paragraph) in parts of water is added a solution of 12 parts of hydroxylamine hydrochloride in 100 parts of water. The mixture is heated on a steam both for 90 minutes; the solid is collected, washed with water, dried and recrystallized from ethanol-chloroform. There is obtained 9.8 parts of 5,5'-(p-phenylene)bis isoxazole which has a melting point of 2152l6 C.

Example 2.-5,5'- (p-phenylene) bis(N-ethylisoxazolium perchlorate) 25 parts of triethyloxonium tetrafiuoroborate are dissolved in methylene chloride and to the stirred solution is added a solution of 5 parts of 5,5'-(p-phenylene)bis isoxazole (the product of Example 1) in methylene chloride. The mass is allowed to react 20 hours forming 9.8 parts of a product having a melting point of 24l-242 C. This product is converted to the perchlorate with sodium prechlorate forming six parts of 5,5- (p-phenylene)bis(N- ethylisoxazolium perchlorate). The product is recrystalllzed using as the solvent a mixture of acetonitrile and ethanol. The purified material has a melting point of 227 C. at which temperature decomposition occurs.

Example 3 .5,5'- (p-phenylene)bis-N-methylisoxazolium methosulfate A mixture of 2.1. parts of 5,5'-(p-phenylene)bis isoxazole and 50 parts of dimethyl sulfate is heated for one hour on a steam bath. A solid material separate which is washed with ether giving 2.3 parts of 5,5'-(p-phenylene) bis(N-methylisoxazolium methosulfate), M.P. l84 C.

Example 4.-5,5'-tetramethylenebis(Z-ethylisoxazolium fluoroborate 5,5-tetramethylenebis(isoxazole) is prepared by known methods, as for example in a process described by A. E. Pohland and W. R. Benson, Chemical Reviews, vol. 66, page 161, 1966, starting with adipyl chloride.

A solution of 4 parts of 5,5'-tetramethylenebis(isoxazole) in 50 parts of anhyhrous acetonitrile is treated with 8 parts of triethyloxonium fiuoroborate. The solution becomes warm and an oil separates, which crystallizes on swirling. After 30 minutes, the solid, 5,5-tetramethylenebis(2-ethylisoxazolium fiuoroborate) is collected (8 parts) and recrystallized from ethanol-acetonitrile to give parts (56 percent) of product, with a melting point of 122- 123" C.

Example 5.2,5-dimethylhexane-2,5-diyl-2,2"-bis(5- methylisoxazolium fluoroborate A mixture of 2.9 parts of 2,5-dimethylhexane-2,5-diol, 3.3 parts of S-methylisoxazole, and 7.2 parts of 48 percent fluorobon'c acid is allowed to stand for three days and the solvent is removed. The residue is dissolved in acetone (20 parts) and ether is added. The oil that separates crystallizes on washing with ether and the solid recrystallizes from acetone, 1.65 parts (18 percent), with a melting point of 130-132 C. A form melting at 126-127 C. and having the correct elemental analysis is also obtained.

Example 6.4,4'-p-phenylenebis(N-ethylisoxazolium fiuoroborate) 2,2-p-phenylenebis(l-dimethylamino 1 propen 3- drochloride, .25 part of concentrated hydrochloric acid, and 30 parts of acetic acid is heated at refluex for 3 hours and concentrated. The residue is washed with water and recrystallized from 20 parts of acetonitrile to give 2.4 parts (57 percent) of 4,4-p-phenylenebis(isoxazole). The melting point is 195-196 C. The tan color is removed with charcoal.

A hot solution of 2.1 parts of 4,4-p-phenylenebis(isoxazole) in 50 parts of 1,2-dichloroethane is added in one portion to a solution of 10 parts of triethyloxonium fluoroborate in 20 palts of the same solvent. After cooling to room temperature, the solid, 4,4-p-phenylenebis(N-ethylisoxolium fluoroborate), is collected, 4.4 parts (100 percent), M.P. 241 C., decompose. Recrystallization from acetonitrile gives material melting at 244 C. decompose.

Example 7 As previously indicated, the compounds described herein give very good results when used as hardeningagents in photographic applications. To illustrate, the compounds prepared in Examples 2 and 3 are added in various concentrations to separate portions of a high-speed gelatino silver bromoiodide photographic emulsion. Each emulsion sample is coated onto a cellulose acetate film support at a coverage of 459 mg. of silver and 1040 mg. of gelatin per square foot. Each film coating is exposed on an Eastman 1B sensitometer, processed for five minutes in Kodak Developer DDK-SO, fixed, washed, and dried. The resistance to swell, relative speed, contrast, and fog are determined and are as follows:

TABLE 1 1 wk. incubation 120 F., Percentblyl t Fresh test 50% relative humidity Per e t n Wel based on Re]. R Compound gelatin speed Gamma Fog speed Gamma Fog DK50 Fix Wash None 100 1.39 .13 69 .94 1 200 Example 2-- 1 91 1. 2a 14 60 95 3s 1: 300 2%?) 333 Do 3 85 1.22 11 73 97 18 990 460 760 D0 6 53 1. 07 08 58 87 09 None 100 1. 23 15 76 1. 13 27 Example3. 31 94 1. 27 10 80 1.12 14 D0 74 1. 15 08 71 1.08 09 ylidene-N,N-dimethylimmonium perchlorate) is prepared Example 8 from p-phenylenediacetic acid using the procedure of Z. Arnold, Coll. Czech. Chem. Comm. ,26, 3051 (1961). A

The procedure of Example 7 is repeated using the compounds prepared in Examples 46. The results obmixture of 67 parts of the perchlorate, 500 parts of chlorotained are as follows:

TABLE 2 1 wk. incubation 120 F. 2 wk. incubati 120 rere e rg lg Fresh test 50% relative humidity 50% relative fi midit g" based on Rel. Rel. Rel. Compound gelatin speed Gamma Fog speed Gamma Fog speed Gamma Fog None 100 1. 23 1e 76 1. 02 0. 43 4 Example 4-. 3 73 1. 03 11 a7 .87 0. 12 52 I None 100 1. 42 .20 83 1. 21 0.38 21 73 1' 13 Example 5-. 1 e4 1. a5 .13 63 1. 05 0. 23 35 .83 '03 None 100 1. 3s .16 94 1. 39 0. 21 e0 1 21 36 Example 6-- 1 71 1. 23 11 1.00 0.15 47 1. 33 I18 form and a solution of 69 parts of potassium carbonate in Example 9 600 parts of water is stirred vigorously at reflux for 46 hours and filtered. The chloroform layer is evaporated and the residue slurried first with ethanol and then ether giving 13.6 parts of crude 2,2 .-p-phenylenebis(S-dimethylaminoacrolein). The unreacted solid from the filtration is treated further with aqueous carbonate to give an additional 12.5 parts of product. Recrystallization from acetonitrile yields 22.5 parts of the pure dialdehyde; M.P. 211-- 213 C. A mixture of 5.4 parts of 2,2'-p-phenylenebis(3- dimethylaminoacrolein), 3.1 parts of hydroxylamine hyis employed in some compositions. The results obtained are as follows:

TABLE 3 Percent Percent swell by weight Hardener of vehicle DK-6O Fix Wash Con 1, 400 600 700 Resorcinol diglyeidyl eth 490 170 170 Examp 3 690 190 190 Control. 2, 300 850 960 Example 2 5 940 270 290 The above procedure is repeated using a copolymer consisting of 90 percent butyl acrylate by weight and percent acrylic acid by weight in place of the 80/20 ethyl acrylate-acrylic acid copolymer. The swelling characteristics are given in the following table:

TABLE 4 Percent Percent swell by weight Hardener of vehicle DK-50 Fix Wash Example 3 190 83 83 Control- 250 150 150 Example 2 6 190 100 100 Similarly good results are obtained using the hardeners of Examples 4, 5, and 6 in similar ranges (percent by weight) as in the above procedure.

Example 10 TABLE 5 Percent by weight of gelatin Percent swell Hardener Example 11 As already indicated, the hardeners employed in accordance with our invention are particularly useful in photographic emulsions in which color couplers have been incorporated. In contrast to some prior art hardeners, it has been found that the hardeners described herein result in reduced stain with no significant adverse photographic effects. Also no adverse effect upon dye hue or stability of the emulsion has been noted. To illustrate, two separate elements are prepared having the following layer arrangement. The use of the hardener is varied between the two elements as described hereinafter.

Layer 6.Gelatin layer.

Layer 5.Red-sensiti-ve silver chlorobromide gelatin consisting of 90 mole percent bromide plus a phenolic cyan coupler of the type described in U.S. Pat, 2,423,730.

Layer 4.Gelatin layer plus an ultraviolet absorber.

Layer 3.--Green-sensitive silver chlorobromide gelatin emulsion consisting of mole percent chloride plus a pyrazolone magenta coupler of the type described in U.S. Pat. 2,600,788.

Layer 2.--Gelatin layer.

Layer l.Blue-sensitive silver chlorobromide gelatin emulsion consisting of 98 mole percent bromide plus an acyl acetanilide yellow coupler of the type described in U.S. Pat. 2,875,057.

In one element mucochloric acid is the hardener used in all six layers in concentration of 0.54 percent by weight of gelatin and in the other element all six layers contain 1 percent by weight of the hardener of Example 3. The above layers are coated on paper support in the order given, layer 1 being immediately adjacent to the paper. Exposure of the two samples and processing by a color development process used in making color prints indicates the improvement in stain in the case of hardeners in accordance with the invention as compared to an aldehyde type hardener as represented by mucochloric acid. The improvement in stain is shown by the increase in percent of reflectance, measured by a recording spectrophotometer and compared with the sample in which the aldehyde-type hardener has been used.

The invention has been described in considerable detail with particular reference to certain preferred embodiments thereof, but it will be understood that variations and modifications can be effected within the spirit and scope of the invention as described hereinabove, and as defined in the appended claims.

We claim:

1. A photographic element comprising a support, and a layer comprised of a carboxyl-containing polymer hardened with a bis isoxazolitun quaternary salt comprising two isoxazole rings unsubstituted in their 3 positions and linked at their 2, 4 or 5 positions through a divalent aliphatic or aromatic group.

2. A photographic element comprising a support, a photographic silver halide, a color coupler, a carboxylcontaining polymer and a his isoxazolium quaternary salt in hardening concentration, said salt comprising two isoxazole rings unsubstituted in their 3 positions and linked at their 2, 4 or 5 positions through a divalent aliphatic or aromatic group.

3. A composition comprising a hydrophilic colloid containing a his isoxazolium quaternary salt in hardening concentration, said salt comprising two isoxazole rings unsubstituted in their 3 positions and linked at their 2, 4 or 5 positions through a divalent aliphatic or aromatic group.

4. A composition of claim 8 in which said hydrophilic colloid comprises gelatin.

5. A composition of claim 8 in which said hydrophilic colloid comprises gelatin and alkyl acrylate-acrylic acid copolymer.

6. A composition comprising a gelatin silver halide photographic emulsion comprising a his isoxazolium quaternary salt in a hardening concentration, said salt having the formulae:

9 10 where each Z is a divalent aliphatic or aromatic radical, References Cited $51151 iiiifiiri i 2%???222335 that; 32%;; a Y 1 0 to 2 and each X is an anion, provided R is not linked 3316095 4/1967 Von Compen 96.400 to lsxazle the 3 5 NORMAN G. TORCHIN, Primary Examiner 7. A composition comprising a hardenable carboxylcontaining polymer and a quaternary salt in hardening FIGHTER, Assistant Examiner concentration, said salt comprising two isoxazole rings unsubstituted in their 3 positions and linked at their 2, 4 or 5 positions through a divalent aliphatic or aromatic 10 10 .425; 2 7 group.