US3434672A - High speed curshers - Google Patents

Description

March 25, 1969 J. B. GUIN HIGH SPEED CRUSHERS Fil8d March 18, 1965 United States Patent US. Cl. 241--194 2 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE This disclosure illustrates crushing maximum amounts of rock, ore, coal, etc. by means of a combination of one or more inner drums rotating at optimum speed, mounted on a central shaft and supporting a plurality of novel ball crushing devices flexibly mounted on upright shafts pivotally attached at intervals to the drum periphery, and a rigidly mounted outer crushing casing surrounding each inner drum at a distance that becomes smaller toward the bottom of each drum, thus reducing material to ever smaller pieces at it sinks in the crusher. Also described are various other components, such as plates covering portions of the crushing surface and vibrating at selective speeds up to ultra-sonic, that may be incorporated into the invention.

In general the high speed crusher uses mechanical rotation, low frequency vibrating parts and high frequency vibrating parts in such manner to increase materially the amount of material that is crushed each hour. Most crushers in use today rely primarily upon brute force to to transform large pieces of rock, ore, coal, etc. to small pieces. Though they accomplish this purpose the production rate is comparatively low and the deterioration rate high. Another disadvantage is that machines are inflexible as to rate of production and material crushed.

The object of this invention is to overcome these shortcomings by:

Using high speed rotating, flexible parts in a mechanical crusher section that breaks up the largest pieces;

Using low frequency vibrating parts primarily for breaking down medium-sized pieces;

Using high frequency vibrating parts primarily for breaking down small pieces and making them still smaller;

Using supplementary ultra-high frequency vibrations at strategic locations in the crusher, and in crushing particular materials, whenever such use speeds up the productive rate enough to justify this use;

In general, having three or more sections of the crusher one above the other, the mechanical rotating section being at the top, one or more low frequency vibrating sections below this, and one or more high frequency vibrating sections at the bottom;

Making both the mechanically rotating parts and the vibrating parts flexible as to speed of rotation and/or frequency of vibration, to work most efiiciently with particular materials or different grades of the same material;

Deliberately running the system at such high rates that capital investment, amortization, depreciation, erosion, deterioration and other costs divided by the units or product crushed will result in a minimum total cost per unit of production. There is nothing particularly original in the last concept, but the invention described in detail later is particularly adaptable to this type of flexible use, and modern EDP advances in computer-controlled processes puts it within reach of large users of crushers.

Other advantages of this high speed crusher and other objects will become apparent as the description is read in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in which:

FIG. 1 shows a cross-section on the main axis of the high speed crusher;

FIG. 2 is an enlargement of section 2 in FIG. I;

3,434,672 Patented Mar. 25, 1969 FIFIG. 3 is an enlarged section taken along line 33 in FIG. 4 is a modification of the flexible crusher device shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a side view shown in FIG. 5.

It will be seen at a glance that there are three main sections to the crusher as drawn, but it should be born in mind that any one of these sections can be plural in number, depending upon the objectives of the prospective user. Turning now to the drawing, FIG. 1 shows a. preferred embodiment of the crusher, consisting of the three main parts, one above the other, all attached to and driven by shaft 5 which is in turn attached to and driven by motor 1. The top section consists of outer structure 2 with circular discontinuity ribs 3 along its inner wall, and rotating core 6 which is mounted on shaft 5. The circular top of the outer structure 2 forms the entrance channel for material to be crushed.

The spokes 4 which extend from the outer shell of motor 1 to the inside wall of outer structure 2 and are connected thereto, serve to stabilize the entire structure, and give a rigid top fastener for the main shaft 5 which extends downward from motor unit 1 through the entire structure. Connected to the surface of core 6 all around its periphery are a large number of flexible crushing devices 7 (explained in detail in FIG. 2).

The outer structure 9, placed below outer structure 2 of the top section is one arrangement of the middle section, of which there can be several, the main feature of which is that the primary crushing means is supplied by low frequency vibrating parts or plates, 10A, 10B and 10C (and 10D, not shown) each having surface discontinuities or ribs 11. Each plate is connected by levers to an eccentric wheel on separate motors, thus: plate 10A is connected by lever 14A to connector 15A which in turn is actuated by an attached to eccentric wheel 17A, one of two similar wheels turned by and attached to motor 16A, whose power is supplied through electrical connection 18A. Plate 10C is attached to lever 140, which is activated and attached to connector 115C leading to eccentric wheel 17C, one of two similar wheels turned by motor 160, with power supplied through electrical connection 18C. Not shown here are plate 10D and the activating parts related to it and to plate 10B: connecting levers 14B and 14D, connectors 15B and 15D, eccentric wheels 17B and 17D, motors 16B and 16D, and electrical connections 18B and 18D, all of which are in the plane perpendicular to that containing the vibrating plates 10A and with their related parts described above. Important, but secondary to the total configuration, is rotating core 12 with surface discontinuities 13, the core being activated by and attached to main shaft 5.

From the middle section the crushed material falls through passage 19 and enters the bottom section through channel 20. Structure 5A, surrounding shaft 5, connects the middle and lower sections and protects shaft 5. The bottom section consists of outer structure 21, below and connected to outer structure 9 of the middle section, rotating core 22 with discontinuity ribs 24 along its outer surface, and the high frequency vibrating unit, which consists primarily of vibrating plates 24A and 24C (2413 and 24D not shown), each of which has grooves and/or ridges along its surface, such as at 25. Each vibrating plate is connected to a vibrating source, each of which is supplied with power by an electrical circuit. Thus, vibrating plates 26A and 26C are connected to vibrating means 27A and 270, each of which is supplied with power by electrical circuits 28A and 28C. (Not shown here are vibrating plates 26B and 26D, vibrators 27B and 27D, and electrical circuits 28B and 28D, all of which of the lower part of the device would be in the plane perpendicular to that in which the figure is drawn.)

The high frequency vibrations may come from vibrating means such as magnetostrictive vibrators, piezoelectric vibrators or ultra-sonic vibrators. From the bottom section the finely crushed material passes through channel 29 and falls through passage 32 to an outside container or carrier. The bottom bearing 31 surrounds shaft and is connected with outer structure 21 by means of spokes 30.

FIG. 2 is an enlargement of the crushing device shown in section 2 in FIG. 1. Sphere 38 is connected with shaft 37 and it moves freely within core 6. The sphere is held in place by threaded holding screw 43, which incloses in its upper part a rubber disc 45 held in position by security ring 44. Mounted on shaft 37 is rigid disc 39 moving freely within the flexible 'ball crushing device 7. Springs 40 and 41 permit some movement of device 7 with respect to disc 39 and shaft 37, thus preventing blockage and limiting destructive wear. Lower spring 41 is secured by threaded disc 42 surrounding shaft 37 and screwed into device 7.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged horizontal section along line 3-3 in FIG. 1. (Note: indices 1 and 2 indicate the leverage right and left respectively of motor 16C.) Mounted on shaft 34 are two wheels 17C, and 17C Shafts 35C and 350 provide an eccentric connection between said wheels and levers 15C and 15C which along with wheels 17C and 17C may be attached together in a variety of ways, thus: in the manner pictured, so that the levers both rise and fall together; with the two shafts attached to opposite sides of their respective eccentric wheels, so that one side rises as the other falls; and any arrangement in between. The results give different amplitudes to the vibrations moving plate C. The flexibility of the crusher can be further increased by varying the speeds of motor 16C, motors 16A, and 16B and 16D, the latter two not shown here.

FIG. 4 shows a modification of the flexible ball crushing device 7 shown in FIG. 2. Metal ball 50 connected to shaft 51 rotates around bearing pin 52 within bearing 4 structure 53. Shaft 51 is held in position by springs 54A and 54B fastened by spring holders 57A and 57B connected to core 6.

FIG. 5 is taken along line 5-5 in FIG. 4. Shaft 51 turns on pin 52 within structures 53A and 53B, attached to core 6.

It is obvious that any combination of these components may be incorporated in any one embodiment of the invention without violating the scope and spirit of the invention.

I claim:

1. In a high speed crusher having a rotating drum and a fixed outer casing coacting therewith, the improvement comprising a plurality of shafts each substantially perpendicular to the surface of the drum and each pivotally attached by one end to the drum so as to be movable in all angles from the point of attachment, the shaft protruding through a disc of resilient material secured by a holder to the drum surface and serving to return the shaft to its upright position after each deflection therefrom, the other end of the shaft having mounted thereon a ball-like crushing device.

2. In a high speed crusher such as described in claim 1, a fixed outer casing which coacts with said rotary drum and has at least a portion of its area mounted for vibratory movement by motor means.

References Cited ANDREW R. JUHASZ, Primary Examiner.

U.S. Cl. X.R.

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