US2942655A - Gas burner - Google Patents

Description

June 28, 1960 B. w. TAYLOR 2,942,655

GAS BURNER Filed April 27, 1955 4 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR. Bill #4. Taylor i '4 1 i BY & MM

W14 W/us ATTORNEYS June 28, 1960 B. w. TAYLOR GAS BURNER 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed April 27, 1955 m a I m 0 E. 9. 3 E E. 2 mm M iiua iiiui aiin ii- R E. \iii V mm m nnnnn k\ m H N h v & A s a w I B Om A 0m 3 June 28, 1960 B. w. TAYLOR 2,942,655

GAS BURNER Filed April 27, 1955 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVEN TOR. Bil/y M. Taylor BY M June 28, 1960 B. w. TAYLOR GAS BURNER 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed April 27, 1955 Hl$ ATTORNEYS United States Patent GAS BURNER Billy W. Taylor, Pittsburgh, Pa., assignor to Fisher Scientific Company, Pittsburgh, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania Filed Apr. 27, 1955, Ser. No. 504,140

Claims. (Cl. 158-27.4)

The present application relates to a burner, particularly to a glass heating burner primarily intended for use in the glass blowing trade.

The burner invention herein disclosed provides selectively for two different flames for heating glass, one being a relatively short narrow sealing flame and the other being a bushy hot flame for the general heating of glassware being formed. In the present two-flame burner, as well as in one or more analogous prior known burners, each of the selected flames is the product of a combustion process involving a combustion supporting medium, commonly gaseous oxygen, and a combustible medium, such as natural or artificial gas. These gases, when employed for producing the narrow type flame in which flame flashback is no particular problem, are ordinarily premixed internally of the burner prior to combustion, whereas the relatively greater volumes necessary for the gases for the hot bushy flame are externally mixed in the presence of and simultaneously with the combustion process, thereby obviating flashback into the burner of the relatively large volumes of combustible mixture then being handled when the burner is turned otf.

In one of these prior known burners, for instance, the burner, according to the Haak Patent No. 2,598,787, there are several disadvantageous features of operation which have been materially reduced or substantially eliminated by means of my presently improved burner. On inspection, it is apparent from the Haak patent that the burner is controlled from separate handles remote thereto and is supplied with gas from a mixing manifold separate from the burner. I bought and tested a burner made according to this Patent No. 2,598,787 and found that, in addition to the disadvantages of the remote handles and separate mixing manifold, the burner in operation delivered more gas than was required for the oxygen available and caused carbon deposits to be formed about the holes for the oxygen so as to plug them. During employment of the bushy flame in the Haak burner, the burner sputtered and the flame was unstable. The presently improved burner herein disclosed utilizes valve handles unitary with the burner, utilizes a self-contained internal mixing chamber, produces a quiet and stable flame and does not cause carbon deposits to be formed about the holes of the burner nozzle jets.

By means of the presently improved burner, moreover, the gases producing the flame, and especially the externally mixed gases, are directed in jets so as to concentrate or converge at the core or base of the flame. More particularly, the gases are directed in jets through a multiplicity of passages which are disposed so as to converge at the core of the common resulting jet and which are proportioned in their individual sizes to produce an inherently proper gas mixture ratio for a well-mixed and yellow-free proper combustion. According to a feature of this multiplicity of passages, the gases directed therethrough tend to be emitted in a relatively quiet fashion and in the form of a plurality of individual jets Patented June 28, 1960 which blend and merge with one another to produce a relatively stable flame.

In the drawings,

Figures 1, 2, and 3 are respectively top plan, side elevation and rear elevation views of my improved burner;

Figure 4 is a longitudinal sectional view in plan taken along the section lines IVIV of Figure 2;

Figure 5 is a view corresponding to Figure 4 but showing a different pattern of burner gas circulation;

Figure 6 is a longitudinal sectional view in elevation taken along the section lines VI-VI of Figure 1;

Figure 7 is an end view of the burner of Figure 6 showing the face of the nozzle tip;

Figures 8 and 9 are fragmentary enlargements of the two different types of passages of Figure 6 and corresponding to the showing of Figure 6;

Figure 10 is a transverse sectional view taken along the lines XX through a valve in Figure l; and

Figures 11, 12, and 13 are fragmentary sectional showings corresponding to the section lines XI--XI of Figure 10 and showing a sequence of operation of the valve of Figure 10.

In Figures 1, 2, and 3 particularly, a two-flame burner is shown having a body 10 adapted to be supplied through a pair of spaced apart conduits 12 and 14 with a combustion supporting gas and with a combustible gas, respectively. Preferably, the gas for the conduit 12 is compressed gaseous oxygen and the gas admitted through the conduit 14 is compressed natural gas supplied at ordinary pressures. The body 10 has a top upraised rib 16 terminating in a faced-off boss 18 at the rear of which the conduits 12 and 14 are connected. The body 10 has a bottom external rib 20 extending forwardly from the vicinity of the boss having the face 18. A pilot light tube 22 connected at the rear to the gas conduit 14 extends forwardly under the burner and terminates in an upwardly extending jet portion 24 disposed transversely to but closely spaced forwardly from the face 26 of the burner tip. The conduits 12 and 14 are respectively controlled by means of a pair of rotatable valve members 28 and 30 which are hereinafter described in greater detail and which are adapted to be manually set in desired positions of rotation by means of the independently operable pair of handles 32. Each of the handles 32 has a neutral position shown by solid lines in Figure 2 from which it is movable, respectively, downwardly to the position shown by the dotted lines 32a and upwardly into a position shown by the dotted lines 32b.

In Figures 4, 5 and 6, the burner body 10 is provided with a transverse horizontally extending through bore 34 which at each of its opposite ends is chamfered to form an outwardly opened valve receivingcounterbore 36. The oxygen and gas conduits 12 and 14 respectively communicate with the bore 34 through individual verically extending passages such as at 38 at the head of a drilled and tapped fitting receiving opening 40 which receives and directly communicates with each of the conduits 12 and 14, as the case may be. The vertically extending passages 38, one at each side of the body 10, each have an upper extension portion on the top side of the bore 36 indicated at 42. The extreme upper. ends of the extension portions 42 are intersected by a common horizontally extending transverse passage 44 provided by means of a blind-drilled bore which maybe plugged at one end by means of a'plug 46. The mid-portion 44 of the common passage is intersected by a longitudinally extending passage 48 within the valve body 10 which centrally contains therewithin the longitudinal central axis of the burner indicated at 50. A pair of forwardly and upwardly extending passages 52 and 54, respectively, are formed in the burner body 10 and at their rear ends intersect the common bore 34' at transversely spaced apart locations at 56 and 58, respectively.

' for receiving a pedestal or support for the burner. The

passage 48 which'extends longitudinally of the valve body is counterboredat its forward end to receive the ihher end of a central sleeve 62 which fits within the eounterbore' in a self-holding pressfit. concentrically disposed about the c'entral sleeve 62', there is provided another larger sleeve 64 which at its inner endis similarly terior cylindrical surface of the valve body It ll The conpress fitted to an annular shoulder 66 formed on an excentric sleeves 62, 64 ,'which are coaxial with respect to V the central axis 50 of the burner, defih'ean included annner spacewithin which'the're receiveda machined fitting, such as at 68, which may be of brass and which within its-inner circumference cooperates with the smaller sleeve 62 to define an annular oxygen chamber 70 and which cooperates at its outer periphery with the larger sleeve 64 to 'define a gas chamber or conduit 72. The

fitting 68' has a trausve'rseflan'ge 74 at the forwardend thereof which may be suitably welded at its inner and outer peripheries to the respective inner and outer sleeves 62 64 so as to provide a gastight joint. The rear end of the fitting 68 is press fitted about an annular shoulder 76 formed on the burner body 10.

j The noted forwardly and upwardly extending oxygen passage 52 terminates at its forward end in a port in the floor of the oxygen chamber 70 whereas the companion forwardly and upwardly extending gas passage 54' is provided with a plug at 77 to close off the forward end thereof and communicates through a short transversely extending intersecting passage 78 with the annular gas chamber 72. Passages 80 leading from the gas chambef'7zhledlilled the end 74' of the fitting 6 8 and are spaced-in a circular path of revolution about the central axis 50 or the nozzle; The jetpassages Sly-serve to discharge gas in jets from the chamber 72' in a mutually converging pattern with the other jet passages 80 whose axes intersect with one another at a common point 82 along the'burner central axis 50 and spacedapart' front the face of the tip 26 by a predetermined amount. Each ofthe jet' passages 80- occupies a common plane difierent from the plane of theadjacent passages 80 but containing the central axis 50 and having'an axis disposed at a predetermined angle to the latter. Between the outerpas' sages 80 and a central narrow flame passage 84 defined by' the inner sleeve 62, there is provided a first and a secondintermediate row of oxygen discharge passages and 88'which are disposed in a circular path of revolution similar to the outer gaspassages 80. The first row of intermediate passages 86 arearranged to concentrate their streainso'f oxygen at a point forwardly-of the'faee 26 of the nozile' tip and their axes commonlyflinte'rsect at a point 9W on the central axis of the burner at 50.

Eaeh passageaxis of the first intermediate passages 86 iscontained in a plane containingthe axis '50 and forms a predetermined anglewith respectt'o the'lat'ter. Similarly, the second intermediate ga's'passages' 88"have1convergent axes which intersect oneanother. at spoint [92 located along the cn'tral axis 50 vvithfia resulting? predetermined angularityfjbetween thej axis' 'of each passage '88 the central anis'str, lt' will-be'noted that the point ofiinters'ecting axes for lthe'first intermediate row of is farther away from the pla'ne oh the tip 'than the point 82, at which theo'uter' passages 80 haveth'eir' axes inter- -sect.fi ltwill beappreciated from the foregoingz'that the jet paths of; gas produced by'the passages 80; successively cintersect the 'jetsfrom thegsecond intermediate oxygen provides an internal mixing chamberfrom which an,

internally formed mixt-ure ofi'oxygen and gas proceeds forwardly through the central passage 48 and into the expanded counterbored seotion occupied by the inner sleeve 62; The resulting pro-mixed oxygen and gas isconduct'e'd= inanexpanded .path 'through the. interior name tube at 84 and is discharged forwardly in a narrowsmall flame as comparedwithjthe relatively hot bushy flame produced By'nie reispeefive sets "of jet passa es 80, 86, and 88. a r

in Figures 7, 8 and 9, specific arrangement of the circularly disposed rows of jet passages 80, 86, and 88 may be clearly seen. The first intermediate row of oxygen passages 86, Seen in both Figures 7 and 8; is disposed such that their end openings and central axes as atj 9'0fconform to.acommon circle shown at 92' and accurately defined by. means of the apex "of a wed ge-shape'd groove 94 which is depressed slightly below the surface of the face 26 of the nozzle tip. The groove 94, which may beof a wedge shaped angularity of I20" degrees at its apex, is a convenient expedient as a drill starting shoulder for the multitude er drilled passages 86 and helps during drilling to" preserve their uniform circular arrangement about the central reference axis 50 as a center. The second interrnediate'r'ow of oxygen passages 88'is formed according to the same pattern as the row 8'6 just discussed with the only 'difle'rence bein'g' that no passage in either row is radially aligned with a passage of the other row. It is,

of course, readily apparent that the row of centers of the second intermediate passages 88 is radially spaced about therow of centers 92 along a line indicated at 96. The row of outer passages is best'seen in Figures 7 and '9 and, similarly. to the intermediate gas passages just considered, the passages 80 have their axes at 98 which intersect with an annular groove '100' serving as' a' drill starter or drill locating, shoulder in the face 26 of the nozzle tip. The line of centers of the gas discharge'passages 80 is indicated at 102m Figure 7.

The means which is provided for selectively controlling the narrow and bushy flames desired is constituted by the valves 2'8 and 3'0 previously' co'nsidered'. p

In Figures to, 1,1; 12, and 13; this valve means at 28 and 30 will be seen to occupy the respective outw rdly 'fl'ar'e'd 'o'r' ciiamfe're'd ends of the transverse bore 34' for selebtively sup lying pro-mixed gas and oxygen into the narrow flame passage at 48cm into the subse uently ing' forwardly and upwardly extending passages 52' and 54jfor the oxygen and gas, respectively. In the interests of brevity, only the'gas' valve 3'0"wi11 be described; inas- ,rnu'chas metex gensvalve ,28 is symmetrically identical gas passages 86 is 'lo'c'ated at 90 which is nearer to the 1 7 race: 26 -:of the tipthanih'e' intersecting'point 92 but whi'ch "thereto. fIIie valve ,30 has three; ositions, or which the oi position of Figure 11 corresponds to the solid line shbwiiigZfIP-igih 2, of which a bushy flame position in accordance with Figure 12: corresponds: to thejlo'v've'r annea nne showing 322; of'Fi'gu're '2', 'andof whiclfa narrow flame position ot Figure l3 corresponds to'the upper dotted line position 32b. of Figure 2} Regardless, however, of the positionof the gas centrellingvalve 30, the pilet tubezz, Figures 10" and-.11, is eontin'ually'supplied with gas whenever the conduit 14 is 's'o charged and the resulting unmixed gas burns freelyfin the presence of the ambient atmosphere adjacent the jet portion 24 of the pilot light tube 22'. The valve so has' three inter-seet- .ing radial bores therewithin in the shape of a Y, and thesethree bores in theofl position of the valve shown'in Figure- 11 communicate neither with the gas conduit eonriectedlpassage 38, itsupper extension 42, nor with the 'forwardly and upwardly extending gas conduit 54. 'In

the-bushy positionof Figure' ll the valve' 3f0 has oneot -thelegs ofits Y-shaped bores communicatingwith the passage 38 and has the base of the Y in communication with the forwardly and upwardly extending gas passage 54 so as to transmit gas through the respectively transverse passages 78, Figure 5, and the chamber 72, thence through the jet passages 80 for discharge from the tip face 26 of the burner nozzle. It is, of course, understood that the oxygen valve 28 is similarly positioned for simultaneously conducting oxygen forwardly through the passage 52 and the oxygen chamber 70 for discharge from the first and second intermediate rows of oxygen'jet passages 86 and 88, In the narrow flame position of Figure 13, the gas'valve 38 is disposed such that the base of its Y-shaped bores communicates with the passage 38 therebelow whereas one of the legs of the Y transmits the gas into the respective upwardly extending, transversely extending, and forwardly extending internal passages 42, 44, and 48. It is to be understood, of course; that simultaneously the oxygen valve 28 is similarly positioned for conducting oxygen into the corresponding vertically extending, transversely extending, and forwardly extending passages 42, 44, and 48 with the result that the oxygen and the gas are pre-mixed within the passage 48 and the expanded passage 84 prior to burning adjacent the face 26 of the nozzle tip.

The following is given as an example of the number, sizes, and ring diameters of the rings or rows of jet passages in the transverse flange 70 which will be noted to be of a thickness such that the length to diameter ratio of each passage is considerably greater than unity, namely,

The following is given as an example of the angularity of the foregoing jet passages so as to produce good mixing with little or no yellow flame, the angle given being in terms of the passage axis at its point of intersection with and with respect to the central burner axis 50. Also included is a dimension of the resulting flame cone, under normal tap pressure for the natural gas and under 5 psi' oxygen pressure.

Outer 80, 2 Intermedi- Length of degrees ate, degrees Cone, inches It has been found in practice that the angularity of the intermediate passages 86 and 88 with respect to the central axis 50 is preferably within the range above specified but, in some cases, this angularity can satisfactorily be varied between zero degrees (that is, convergence at infinity) and nine degrees with satisfactory results provided that the other pamages 80 appropriately converge in a forward direction in the general manner outlined. In any case, the convergence of the jets of gas from the jet passages 80 as they leave the face of the nozzle tip, Figure 7, is such as to direct the gases and concentrate them at the core of the jet of the flame, thus producing a stable thoroughly mixed and quiet flame which burns simultaneously with and in the presence of the actual external mixing process for the bushy flame. The flexibility of the present two-flame nozzle is readily realizable in the selection of its two flames by reason of the fact that the burner body 10 incorporatm the control valves 28 and 30 as a unitary part thereof and makes possible, for instance, the internal mixing of the narrow flame gases in 6 a self-confined' space incorporated actually within the burner body 10 well behind the tip face 26.

While I have described certain presently preferred embodiments of my invention, it is to be understood that it may be otherwise embodied within the scope of the appended claims.

' I claim:

l. A burner for selectively providing for the internal mixing or for the external mixing of two gases, said burner having a separate conduit for supplying each of said gases, a nozzle, a central passage disposedon the longitudinal axis of the nozzle and discharging substantially in the plane of the nozzle tip, means forming separate passages between the central passage and each of the conduits for internally mixing the gases prior to their discharge from the central passage, a multiplicity of discharge passages disposed in a first circular path of revolution about the central passage and communicatively connected exclusively to one of the two conduits, said passages being arranged at an angle such that their axes converge with one another in a forward direction, and a multiplicity of discharge passages disposed in a second circular path of revolution between the first-named path and the central passage and communicatively connected exclusively to the other of the two conduits, the axis of each of the passages in said second path being disposed in a plane containing the longitudinal axis of the nozzle.

2. A burner having a longitudinal axis passing through the tip thereof, a central passage for discharging through the tip in a single jet along said central axis concentrically therewith, sets of intermediate and outer discharge passages disposed in circular paths of revolution about said jet, each of said passages having a greater than unity length to diameter ratio and arranged with the axes of the outer set thereof being angularly related to one another and converging at a common external point forwardly of the burner tip and with the axes of another set of said passages intermediate said one set and the central passage being angularly related to one another and converging at a different distance forwardly of the tip from the first named point, the axis of each intermediate and outer discharge passage lying in a plane containing the burner axis, separate supply passage means having a. common portion for internally mixing oxygen and a combustible gas within said burner behind the tip and communicatively connected through the common portion to the central passage for discharging the mixture therefrom, means through which oxygen is adapted to be introduced in unmixed state into the intermediate converging passages of said other set, and means through which the combustible gas is adapted to be introduced into the said one set of passages for external mixture of the same with the oxygen from the said intermediate set of passages.

3. A burner having a longitudinal axis passing through the tip thereof, a central passage for discharging through the tip in a single jet along said central axis concentrically therewith, sets of intermediate and outer discharge passages disposed in circular paths of revolution about said jet, each of said passages having a greater than unity length to diameter ratio with the axes of the passages of one set being angularly related to one another and converging at a common external point forwardly of the burner tip and with the axes of another set of said passages intermediate said one set and the central passage being angularly related to one another and converging at a common external point beyond the first-named point, the axis of each intermediate and outer discharge passage lying in a plane containing the burner axis, separate supply passage means having a common portion for internally mixing first and second gases within said burner behind the tip and communicatively connected through the common portion to the central passage for discharging the mixture in said single jet therefrom, passage means adapted to introduce the first gas in unmixed state into the intermediate converging passages of said one set of pasv sages, and passage means adapted to introduce the second gas into said other; set o passages for external mixing of the samewith thefirst gas from; the-said one set; N H

4; Burner jmeans' for discharging a pre-mixedr'jet of hurnabl'e gases or for selectively discharging-gases to be mixed in a concentrated external jet, saidburnermeans having a nozzle tip, a central passage in thejnozzle tip 7 :coineiding'with the-longitudinal axis of the burner means,

' of intermediate passages converging with the axis of the nozzle mean and with the axes of one another toward a common point spaced forwardly from the tip different from; the aforesaid first common point and diiferent irom the common point-of the othercircularjrowof inter-.

mediate passages, the passages of said outer rowcorresponding in number to the passages of each of said inter- V mediate rows but having a smaller individual passage diameterthan said intermediate passages.

5. A burner nozzle tip'having a longitudinal passing theretlirough, a centralpassage" for discharging through the nozzle tip in a single jet alongsaid central axis concentrically therewith, a circular row ofindividual outer'pa'ssa'ges in the nozzle tip disposed about the central B passage, said passages convergingthe longitudinal axis; of the nozzle tip and with theaxesof one another-towarda common .pointspaced-forwardly fromt'h eitip for concentrating the core of a cofnpouhd'jet land :a plurality of cireulartrows of intermediate passages inthe nozzle tip disposed between the central: passage: and the touter.pas sages, the individual passages of each rowof intermediate passages converging: with the axis, .of, the' burner means and with the axes of one' another towardat more remote common point that the aforesaid c'omrhonpoint forwardly from the tip and different fronlg the point qfwconvergenceof other rows-of intermediate passages, the face of said nozzle'tip having atleastone drill locating annular groove of general V-shape, of which: the a'pextcoincid'es with thei line of centersofwa' circular row 'ofpassages afore'said.- V V 7 References Cited in the file of this"

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