US1662984A - Rotary casing head - Google Patents

Description

- March 2o, 1928.

B. H. SCOTT ET AL ROTARY CASING HEAD Filed Marsh 18, 1926 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 B. H. SCOTT ET AL. v

ROTARY CASING HEAD Filed March 18, 1926 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 March 20, 1928. 1,662,984- B. H. SCOTT ET Al. l

ROTARY CASING HEAD Filed Maron 18, 1926 y 4 sheets-sheet 4 55m/A Hp. H co fr Patented Mar. 2o, 192s.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

BERNARD H. SCOTT, kOF GLENDALE, AND SAMUEL E. ROSS, OF LONG BEACH, CALI- FORNIA, ASSIGNORS T0 SCOTT-ROSS AND COMPANY, 0F LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA,

A CORPORATION OF P ELAWARE.

ROTARY CASING HEAD.

Application iled March 18, 1926. Serial N0. 95,653.

This invention relates to the petroleum industry, and it particularly relates to a novel casing head which is useful in this industry.

It is common practice to place an oil string in a well after the Well has been drilled, this oil string extending from the oil bearing sands to the surface of the ground. Situated Within the oil string near the bottom of the Well is an oil well pump1 the barrel of which is secured to the lower end of a pump tubing which extends to the surface of the ground through the oil String. The plunger of the .pump is connected to the lower end of a string of sucker rods, which string of sucker rods extends upwardly through the pump tubing to the surface of the ground, the upper end thereof being connected to a walking beam whereby the pump plunger is reciprocated in such a manner as to elevate the oil to the surface of the ground. It very often occurs that the Well is not straight and may have a considerable curve or crook to it. In such Wells the pump tubing is crooked, sometimes to the extent that the string of sucker rods slides against the Walls of the pump tubing. The friction on the tubing by the string of sucker rods as it is reciproca-ted, rapidly 'wears away the pump tubing and forms a hole therein, which of course causes a leakage and greatly weakens the pump tubing.

It is an object of this invention to provi e a casing head in which the pump tubing can be turned any desired distance at any time without making any change in the pumping equipment and Without stopping pumping operations, which turning action changes thev position of the pump tubing proper and in this manner greatly lengthcns the life of the vpump tubing since it distributes the wear thereon by the string of Asucker rods.

1t is another object to provide a easing head in which the pump tubing is constantly rotated at a slow speed during the pumpingl operation.

Yet another object of our invention is to provide a casing head in which ower is diverted from the walking beam tiiat operates the pump plunger to turn the pump tubing in the well when the Walking beam is rocking in the operation of the pump.l

The casing head of our invention provides a rotatable mandrel to which the pump tubing is connected. This mandrel is surrounded by a stuffing box which prevents leakage of oil therefrom.

It is an. object of this invention to provide a casing head in which any leakage of the stuiiing box is readily detected.

It is another object of our invention to provide a casing head which is equipped with an elevator assembly, thus eliminating the necessity for any extra connections for starting the tubing from the Well.

The elevator of our invention consists of a yoke which is rigidly attached to the casing head and a pair of links which may be detached from the yoke when the elevator is not in use.

It is a. further object of this invention to provide a casing head having an elevator lock for locking the elevator links to the yoke, the elevator lock being operable so that the links may be detached from the yoke.

It is a still further object of this invent-ion to provide a casing head having all connections and fittings for pumping a Well, thus making it unnecessary to puro iasefadgitiinal surface equipment for the casing It is also an object of this invention to provide a casing head having a novel jack ring used during the pulling and installing of tubing, which jack ring will not be displaced by engagement of any part of the pump tubing unless the part is too large to pass through the jack ring.

It is also an obfect of this invention to provide a novel and improved pipe slip having features which will be pointed out hereinafter.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will be made evident hereinafter.

Referring to the drawings in which We illustrate our invention,

Fig. 1 is a vertical section through a casing head embodying the features of our invention. This feature shows the parts as assembled during the pumping operation of a Well.

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary perspective view of the elevator assembly of the invention.

vlll

Fig. 3 is an elevational view of a packing assembly of the casing head of our invention.

Fig. 4 is a section taken on the line 44 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is an elevational view of the invention showing the parts as utilized during the installing or pulling of pump tubing from the well.

Fig. 6 is a section taken on the line 6-6 of Fig. 5.

Fig. 7 is a view taken on the line 7-7 of this view being a plan view of the slips embodying certain features of this invention. i

Fig.l 8 is a section taken on the line 8-8 of Fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is a section taken on the line 9 9 of Fig. 8.

Fig. 10 is a section taken on the line 10-10 of Fig. 7.

Fig. 11 is a fragmentary section taken on the line 1'1-11 of Fig. 8.

Fig. 12 is a view of the casing head of our invention clearly illustrating the principle by which the jack ring is retained in place even when engaged by the pump tubing which is being pulled therethrough.

Fig. 13 is a diagrammatic view of an oil Well having a pump, a derrick, and a walking beam mechanism for operating the pump, and shows the utility of our iinproved casing head.

Fig. 14 is a sectional-view taken on the line 14-14 of Fig. 13.

Fig. 15 is an enlarged detail of the crown ratchet wheel and pawl mechanism of our invention.

Fig. 16 is a sectional View taken on the line 16-16 ofFig. 15.` x

Referring to the drawings in'detail, 20 represents an' oil string, the upper end of which extends from an oil well (not shown) The oil string has a casing head base 21 secured to theupper end thereof. The casing hea-d base 21 is provided with internal threads at 22 into which the upper end of the oil string 201is screwed. The casing head base 21 has an opening 23 -formed therethrough which communicates and is concentric with the interior of the oil string 20. The upper part of the opening 23 is provided in the form of a tapered Seat24 which is provided with an annular and semi-cylin drical depression 25. The upper end of the casing head base 21 is provided with a frustro-conical guide face 27. Threaded openings 28 communicate with the opening 23 directly above the oilstring 2O and below the tapered seat 24 into which openings 28 gas pipes 29 are screwed, by means of which gas passing upwardly through the oil string 20 may be conducted from the casing head.

Supporte-d by the casing head base '21 is a casing head body 32. The lower end of the casing head body-.32 is provided in the form of a projection 33 which provides an external tapered seat 34 which extends into the upper end of thel opening- 23 and engages the internalftapered seat 24 of the casing head base 21. The lower end of the projection 33 is provided with a frustro-conical guide face 35 which may engage the guide face 27 of the base 21, thus guiding the projection 33 properly into the upper end of the opening' 23 Directly above the projection 33 the casing head body 32 is provided with an annular ledge 37. A nut 38 is provided for securingthe casing head body tightly in place. This nut 38 screws onto external threads 39 formed at the upper end of the casing head base 21 and has an annular shoulder 40 which engages an upper face of the annular ledge 37 in a manner to clamp the casing head body 32 in place.

Formed through the casing head body 32 is an opening 43 through which a mandrel 44 extends. The upper end of the opening 43 is enlarged so as to provide an annular seat 45 on which a thrust bearing 46 may rest. The upper end of the mandrel 44 is also enlarged so as to provide an annular shoulder 47 which engages the upper race of the thrust bearing 46. Therefore, it will be seen that the shoulder 45 of .the casing head body 32 supports the thrust bearing, and the thrust bearing by reason of the shoulder 47 supports the mandrel 44. The lower end of the mandrel 44 is provided'with threads so that a collar 50 maybe secured thereto by means of which the upper end of a ypump tubing 51 is secured to the mandrel 44. The lower part of the opening 43 is provided with an enlargement 52 into which the upper part of the collar 5() extends. The mandrel 44 is provided with a passage 54 which connects to the passage of the pump tubl ing 51.

In the upper part of the opening 43 and surrounding the mandrel 44 is a stuffing box assembly 55 which prevents a leakage of oil or gas through the casing head body around the mandrel 44. The stuffing box assembly 55 consists of lower packing 56 which is placed in the upper part of the opening 43 directly above' the thrust bearing 46. Situated above the lower packing 56 is a ring 57.. The ring 57 is constructed as shown best in Figs. 1 and 3. being quite upper packing 67 is a follower 68. A nut 69.

, is advanced on a threaded upper end 70 of the casing head body 32, the nut being forv the purpose of depressing the follower 68 so as to compress the lower, central and vupper packings. The mandrel 44 is provided with one or more openings 72 in the wall there-- of which communicate with the passage 54 thereof and with that part of the stuing box assembly 55 where the lantern 63 is situated. Formed in the casing head body 32 are openings 73 into which oil pipes 74 are secured. These openings 73 communicate with the portion of the stuingbox assembly where the lantern 63 is placed.

Oil being pumped upwardly through the pump tubing 51 passes into the mandrel 44 and passes therefrom through the opening 72 and the lantern 63 into the oil pipes 74. It is not necessary to provide two oil pip-es 7 4 and one of the openings 73 may therefore be eliminated or be plugged as desired.

Extending through the passage 54 of the mandrel 44 is a polish rod 76 which forms an upper part of a string of sucker rods 77 which extend downwardly through the pump tubing 51 to an oil well pump (not shown) which is situated near the bottom of the well. The upper end of the mandrel 44 is provided with astuiring box 78. This stuffing box 78 has a lower guide 79 which engages a beveled face 80 formed near the upper end of the mandrel 44. Placed above the guide 79 is a packing 81 which is compressed by means of a follower 82. The follower 82 is urged downwardly vby means of a stuffing box nut 83 whichi's screwed onto threads 85 provided at the uppery end of the mandrel 44.

Secured to the mandrel 44 directly below the threads 85 is an elevator yoke 87 of the elevator assembly of the invention. The elevator yoke 87 consists of a hub 88 which surrounds the mandrel 44 and is secured thereto as by welding as indicated at 89. EX- tending radially outwardly from the-hub 88 are arms 90 which have notches 91 formed therein. The elevatorassembly also has a pair of links 93 which, when they are in use, attach to the arms 90 of the yoke 87 by extending into the notches91. The links 93 are adapted to -be connected to the elevator hook, as indicated at 94 in Fig. 2. The links 93 may be locked in the notches l91 by means of an elevator lock 96. AThe elevator lock 96 has an opening 97 through which the mandrel 44 extends. A 'ring 98 surrounding the mandrel 44 .is secured thereto by means of welding as indicated at 99. The lock 96 is vsupported below-the yoke 87 by means of the ring 98. As shown best in Fig. 2, the lock 96 has arms 100 which may extend under the arms 90 of the yoke' 87, as indicated by dotted lines 101, thus locking the links .93 in the notches 91; or may be positioned as shown in full lines in Fig. 2, leaving spaces below the notches 91 and permitting the links to be detached from the yoke 87. The ring 98 is provided with cavi- I ties 102 and the lock 96 is provided with pins.

103 which are adapted to extend into the cavities 102, thus locking the lock 96l in a certain position; "When itis desiredto reposition the lock 96, it is moved upwardly into the position indicated by dotted lines ,105 in Fig. 1, thus removing the pins 10.3 from the cavities 102. During the installation and removal of the mandrel 44 and the casing head body 32, the links 93 are attached to the yoke 87 as indicated in Fig.

2 and as indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 1." Durlng the operation of the well, however, v

the links 93 may be removed.

As previously explained, if the` well is crooked the pump tubing will be bent and the string of sucker rods will frictionally engage the wall of the tubing and gradually wear it away, and for this reason it is desirable to-rotate the pump tubing so that the wear thereon will be distributed around the circumference of the tubing and it will not have a hole worn therein such as would occur if the pump tubing were not rotated.

By use of our invention the pump tubing may be turned as often as desired and at any time without shutting down the pumping equipment. This is done by rotating the mandrel 44. The mandrel 44 may beeasily .rotated by engaging the upper end thereof ing apparatus to be shut down during the turning of the pump' tubing.

The feature of providing the elevator assembly is very desirable since it may be economically included as a part of the casing4 head and there will be no need of having a special elevator head. v

Another important feature of our invention resides in the stuffing box assembly 55.

Tf there is a leakage of the stuffing box in for handling the casingi an upward direction from. the lantern 63` around the upper .packing 67, it will be noticed immediately by the presence of oil above the nut .69. If oil leaks from the lanv:so thereof.

" Y The parts of our invention just described are ,those which are employed during the operation of the pump inthe well. The casing head ofour invention also includes parts which are-used during the installing and removing ofthe pump tubing from t e vwell. During this time the casinghead bo y v the pump "tubing l51 is being installed in or' 32, the nut 38, the mandrel 44 and` other parts rassociated directly therewith are re-l moved, only'the casing head base 21 remaining. Referring to Fig. 5 in particular, when removedfrom the well a jackring consisting i of jack ring members 110 are placed in the casing head base 21. The jack ring members 110 have tapered faces 111 which engage the internal tapered seat 24 of the base 21. The lower end of the jack ring members 11() are provided with external beveled faces 112 which serveto guide them readily into the opening`23 of the base 21. The upperends `of the jackring members have radially extending flanges l114. Near the lower ends of the members 110 are provided protuberances'll which arenear the central parts of the .members 110- with respect to a horizontal plane as indicatedfin Fig. 6. These protuberances 115 extend into the depression 25 formed in the seat 24. The pro- "tuberances serve 'as a means for locking the -,'--jaclsc ringmembers 110 in place.- The jack ring members 110 are provided with internal tapered faces116 whichcooperate to providea completely 'annular seat vfor the reception of pipe slips 1118. As noted clearly in Fig. 6,*the jack ring members'llO are slightly` less than semi-cylindrical so that spaces' 119 are.. provided between the edge faces The slips 118 consist of slip members 121 which are divided into'vr sect-ions 122, each section 122 includingtwo slip members 121.

:As illustrated best in Figs. 7, 8l and 9, eacliy slip .member 121 is provided withA a vert1. vcally, extending semi-cylindrical opening 124 which is connected to one vertical edge thereof by means ofaslot 125. Each section 122 includes a hinged plate 127 for yhingeably securing the members 121 of each section 122 together. Each hinge plate 127' consists of enlarged ends 128, which are semi-cylindrical and which rest in the semi-cylindrical opening 124, and a web 129 which attaches the enlargements 128 together and which ex- 'tends through the slots 125 held in place by pins 126. The slots 125 have non;parallel sides, as clearly illustrated in Fi 9, and therefore the slip members of eac section are adjusted in position, being capable of y movement into positions as indicated by dotted linesl30`ofFig. 9. Each section 122 also includes a bail 132. Slots 133 are cut in each member 121, these slots extending downwardly from upper faces 134 thereof. The ends of each bail 132 are enlarged as indicated at 135 and extend into the slot 133 of each slip member '121. The enlarged. ends 135 of each bail 132 are pivotally secured in place by apivot pin 137. Each pivot pin 137 has a shaft portion 138 which extends through one of the slots 133 and through an penirig formed in each of the enlargements threaded portion 140 which is screwed into a complementary threaded portion 141 of each slip member-122 for holding each pivot pin in place. -Formed at the outer end of each threaded portion140 is a head 143 by means of which each pivotpin 137 is installed or removed, the head 143 being adapted to engage a face of each slip member 121 whereby it may be frictionally locked from being rotated and removed from place. The construction of the slips is important. The manner of attaching the slip members 121 of each section 122 is important to the invention, and the manner in which the loailsl 132 are secured tothe sections 122 and accommodated thereby is also important. As will be noted from Figs. 5 and 7, the bails 132 when not in use may extend in a horizontal planeso 'that the upper faces 134 of the slip members 121 will be unobstructed.

The slip sections 122y are installed in the jack ring which consistsof the jack ring membersv 110,.as illustrated in Fig. 5. The slip members 121,.have'outer tapered faces 143 which are adapted to engage the internal seats 116 of the jack ring members 110. The inner faces of the. slip members 121 are serrated as indicated at 145 for the purpose of gripping the pump tubing 51. The slips 118 which are comprised of the sections 122 are used for holding the lower part of the pump tubing 51 while la section therea-bove is being detached from or secured to this lowerend of the tubing. *During the time that the tubingis`,being raised or lowered, the slips 118 are removed from place as shown in' Fig. 12. Referring inparticular to Fig. 12 the jack ring members 110 are provided with lower internal deflecting faces 148, which are fortified at the extreme lower end of the ack ring members.

It is one of the features of this invention, as pointed out in the statement of invention of this application, to'provide ,a jack ring which will not be removed from` place due ach pivot pin 137 is provided with a to engagement of the pum tubingtheref5. thereof in the annularI depression 25. The engagement between the annular depression 25 and the protuberances 115 prevents the 'ack ring member 110 from being removed y this engagement. In event that the upgr. j

end of a col ar 149 (Fig. 12) engages the fleeting Vface 148, this dellectin face 148 willl the collar so.that it wil pass through v3 ek ring. is the case, however, y when the cellar 149 is small enou h to pass through theijack ring. If the ower.

end of the jack ring is engaged by a member which is too large to pass therethrough,

the jack ring members 110 will be removed from the casing head base 21. For example, in Fig. 12 dotted lines 151 represent a tubing catcher which is situated near the lower end of the ump tubing 51. This tubing catcher 151 1s too large to pass through the jack ring. Therefore, when it engages the lower end thereof it will not pass along the deflecting faces 148, since it is too large, but will engage the lower end of the jack ring members 110 in such a manner as to dislodge 'them and remove them from the upper end rotating the man relof our casing h'ead a' given .amountfor each reeiprocation of the sucker rod in the pump tubing.

Fig. 13 shows a wel 200 in which the oil string 20 is placed. A dert-ick 202 is erected above the well 200, this derrick being provided with a walking beam pumping mecha nis-m 203. The base 21 oi' the casing head of our invention is screwed upon the upper end of the oil string 20 at the level of the floor 204 of the derrick 202.

Referring to Fig. 1` it willpbe seen that a crown ratchet wheel 20.5,.having peripheral crown ratchet teeth 206 and a hub portion 207, 4is disposed about the mandrel 44 just under the ring 98 and is welded to the ring 98 and mandrel 44 as indicated at 99. An operating lever supporting member 210 is provided with a threaded hole 211 which is screwed upon the threaded upper end of thc casing head body 32, as shown in Fig. 1, in /advance of the nut 60. A brace member 212 issecured by machine screws 213 to` an extending portion `214 of the snip porting each bifurcated, a branch arm 218 thereof attaching 'to the central portion of the supporting member 210. The extended portion 214 ofithe sup' orting member 210 1s provided at one, s1( e thereof, as shown in Figs. 15 and 16, with upwardly extending bearing lugs 220 which are apertured to receive a. in 221 upon which is mounted a lever 222.

e pin 221 forms thevfulcrum for the lever The lever 222, when mounted on the pin 221, is 'disposed slightly below the crown ratchet wheel 205 and in tangential relation' thereto. Extending upwardly from the hub portion 226 of the lever 222 is abifurcated extension 227 in which a ratchet pawl 228 is pivotally mounted upon a pin 229. The pawl 228 extends toward the point of tangency between the line of the lever 222 and the periphery of thecrown wheel 205, l ing parallel with the plane of the points o the teeth 206. A lug 230 projects trom the hub 226 of the lever 222 so as to be disposed beneath and opposite the pawl 228, as shown in Fig. 15. A spring retaining cavity 231 is formed in the lug 230 and a spring retaining cavity 232 is formed in the lowerface of the pawl 228. A helical spring 233 is compressed between the pawl 228 and the lug 230, the opposite ends of this spring being disposed in the cavities 231 and 232. This spr1ng'230 constantlyv urges the pawl 228 upwardly so that a pron 236, projecting upwardly from the end ot said pawl, constantly engages with one oit' the teethl 206, as shown in Fig. 15. From the hub 226, on the opposite side from the lu 230, extends a lever arm 237 to the end o which a link 238 is pivotally secured by a pin 240. The link 238 extends upwardly to where its opposite end is pivotally secured, bv a pin 241, to the walking' beam 242 of the walking beam mechanism 203. In order to accomplish this pivotal securing of the link 238 to the beam 242 the pin 241 may be projected through any one of a number of holes 244 provided in the beam 242.

l In the walking beam mechanism 203 the walking beam 242 is pivotally supported upon a samson post 245 which rests upon- 252which is pivotally connected to the crank pin 253 of a crank 254 which is fixed uponthe axle 255 of the bull wheel 256. With the rotation of the bull wheel 256 which is driven by a motive power A(not shown), the

pitman 252 is reciprocated up and down, the walking beam 242 isl rocked and the polish rod 76 is reciprocated upand down. This reciprocation of the polish rod 76 causes the sucker rod 77 and the pump plunger attached at the end thereof to reciprocate and results in a pumping of oil upwardly through the oil tubing 51.

The end 247 of the walking beam 242, as shown in full lines in Fig. 13, is in its downward position, while in the position shown in dotted lines in this iigure it is in its uppermost position. -In reciprocatingthe polish rod 76 in order to opera-te the oil pump, the walking beam must continually rock between the dotted and full line positions shown in this figure. This results in the rocking of the lever 222 between dotted and full line positions, as shown in Fig. 13.

In Fig. 15 the lever 222 is shown in the position which 'it assumes when the end 247 of the rocking beam 242 is in upward position.

When the end 247 of the rocking beam 242 moves downwardly the arm 237 of the lever 222 isA correspondingly moved downward by Vthe stiff link 240. This causes the pivot 229 of the pawl 228 to be rotated in a counterclockwise direction about the pivot 221 of the lever 222 and causes the prong 236 of the pawl 228 to move in the direction ofthe arrow 260. Engaging with a tooth 206, during this movement, the prong 236 will move the periphery of the wheel 205 in the direction of the arrow 260 and cause the ymandrel 44 to be rotated a given amount. When the lever arm 237 returns from lower position to upper position, the spring 233 is slightly coinpressed and the prong 236 ratchets freely over the bevel vfaces of the teeth 206, returning to the position in which it is shown in Fig. 15.

It is obvious that by choice of the hole 244 in which to secure the pivot pin 241, the

number of teeth 206 traversed by the prong 236 of the pawl 228 upon each of the reciprocations of the end 247 of the walking beam 242 may be determined. Thus, not only are means provided for rotating the pump tubing during the operation of the pump by a walking beam 242, but also the speed of rotation o f the pump tubing by the walking beam 242 is made adjustable.

From the foregoing description it will be seen that the casing head of our invention is wholly complete in itself and requires no accessories to be provided other than those which comprise a part of the casing head( The predominating parts of the invention are enumerated as follows: I

The means for rotating the pump tubing is a very important part of the invention, since it permit-s the tubing to be rotated at will or uniformly' during the pumping operation. The packing assembly 55 is import-ant to the invention, since it includes means' whereby any leakage of oil or gas may be readily detected so that it may be overcome. The eleby a col vator assembly is likewise important to the invention. The feature of having the links 93 detachable is a meritorious feature. The construction of the jack ring is also a salient part of the invention since-it prevents the jack ring from bping dislodged from the casing head base 21 whenever it is engaged by a collar which is small enough to p ass therethrough. It is quite obvious-that `it would be very inconvenient .and take considerable time to replace the jack rings every time they have been engaged and dislodged ar of the pump tubing. The construction of the jack ring is also important, since it is such that the jack ring will be removedV if it is engaged by a part which is too large to pass therethrough. The slips 118 also embody features of the invention. The invention in the slips reside-s in the manner in which the slip members of each section are hingeably attached together and also in the construction which permits the bails 132 to rest in a horizontal position below the upper faces 134 of the members 120 so that they will be unobstructed.

IVe claim as our invention:

1. In combination: an oil string; a pump tubing extending through said oil string; a casing head body supported at the upper end of said oil string; a mandrel rotatably supported by said casing head body and rigidly connected to said pump tubing, said pump tubing being turned when said inandrel 1s rotated; and a sucker rod string extending through said pump tubing and said mandrel. v

2. In combination: an oil string; a pump tubing extending through said oil string; a casing head body supported at the upper end of said oil string; a mandrel rotatably supported by said casing head body and rigidly connected to said pump tubing, said pump tubing being turned when .said mandrel is rotated; a stuffing box for preventing a leakage through said casing head body around said mandrel: an oil pipe connected to said casing head body. there being an opening through said mandrel and said stuthng box connecting to said oil pipe; detecting means below said oil pipe for detecting a leakage around said mandrel iny a downward direction and a leakage from the upper end of said oil string upward around said mandrel: and a sucker rod string extending through said pump tubing and said mandrel.

3. In combination: an oil string; a pump tubing extending through said oil string; a casing head body supported at the upper end of said oil string; a mandrel rotatably supported by said casing head body and rigidly connected to said pum tubing, said pump tubing being turned 'w ien said man-k drel is rotated; a yoke attached to said mandrel above said casing head body; a pair of links adapt-ed to engage said yoke; lock means for locking said links in position to engage said yoke; und a'sucker rod strin@r extending through said pump tubing land said mandrel. v

4. In I:ombination: an oil string; a pump tubing extending through said oil string; a casmg head body supported at the upper end of said oil string; a mandrel rotatably supported by said casing head bod and rigidly connected to said pum) tu ing, said pum tubing being turned wien said mandrel 1s rotated; a stufiing box for preventing a leakage through said casing head body around said mandrel; an oil pipe connected l5 to said casing head body, there being an opening through said mandrel and said stutiing box connecting to said oil pipe; detecting means below said oil pipe or de.-

tecting a leakage around said mandrel in a downward direction and a leakage from the upper end of said oil string upward around said mandrel; a yoke attachcdto said mandrel above said casing head body; a pair of links adapted to engage said yoke; lock \means for ,locking said links in positionto engage said yoke; and a sucker rod string extending through said pump tubing and said mandrel;A

5. In combination: an oil string; a pump tubing extending through said oil string; a casing head base 'secured to the upper end of said oil string, said vcasing head base having a tapered internal seat; a casing head body supported by said casing head base, said casing head body having an external tapered seat engaging said' tapered internal seat and forming a tight joint; a mandrel rotatably supported by-said casing head body and rigidly connected to'said pump tubing, said pump tubing being turned when said tending through said pump tubing and said mandrel.

6. In combination: an oil string; a ,pump tubing extending through said'oil string; a casing head base secured to the u per end of said oil string, said casing head )ase having a tapered internal seat; a casing head body supported by said casing head base, said casing head body having an'external tapered seat engaging said tapered internal seat and Y forming a tight joint; a mandrel rotatably supported by said casing head body and rigidly connected to said pump tubing, said pum tubing being turned when said mandrel 1s rotated; a stuifin box for preventing a leakage through said casing head body around said mandrel; an oil pipe connected to said casing head body, there being an es upper end of said oil string upward around mandrel is rotated; and asucker rod string ex-v opening through said mandrel and saidv said mandrel; anda' sucker rod string extending through said pump tubing and said mandrel:

7. In combination: an oil string; a pump tubingextending through said oil string; a casing head base secured to the upper end of sa1d oil string. said casing headbase having a tapered internal seat; a casing head body supported b said casing head base, sai casmg head body -having an external Vtapered seat engaging said tapered internal vtubing extending through said oil strin a casing head base secured to the upper en( ot' 90 said oil string, said casing head base having a tapered internal seat; a casing head body supported b said casing head base, said casing head bo y having` an external tapered seat engagin4 said tapered internal seat and forming a. tig 1t joint; a mandrel rotatably supported by said casing head body and rigidly connected to said pump tubing, said ump tubing being turned when said man rel is rotated; a stuffing box for preventing a leakage aoc through said casing head body around said mandrel; an oil pi .e connected to said casing head body, there eing an opening through said mandrel and said stuffing box connecting to said oil pi e; detecting means below said oil pipe for detecting a leakage around said mandrel in a downward direction and a leakage from the lupper end of said oil v strin u ward around said mandrel; a yoke attac e to said mandrel above said casing head body; a pair of links adapted to engage V said yoke; lock means for locking said links in position to engage said yoke; and a sucker rod string extending through said pump tubing and said mandrel.

9. Incombination: a casing head supported at the upperend of a casing extending into a Well,sa1d casing head having a tapered seat, there being a circumferential depression formed in said tapered seat; and jack ring members disposed in said casing head, having ta ered faces arranged to engage said tapere seat and having protuberances extending into said de )ression for preventing said members from eing dislodged by engagement of any part which will pass through said jack ring members.

1Q. In combination: an oil strin a pump tubingextending through said OiigStrng; a. casing head body supported at the upper nee end of said oil string; a mandrel rotatably supported by said casing head body' and rigidly connected to said pump tubing, said pump tubing being turned When saidmandrel 1s rotated; a sucker rod string extending through said pump tubing and said mandrel; and means 'for rotating said mandrel.

11. In combination: an oil string; a pump tubing extending through saidoil string; a casing head body supported at the upper end of said oil string; a mandrel rotatably supported by said casing head body and rigu idly connected to said pump tubing, said pump tubing being turned when said mandrel is rotated; a sucker rod string extending through said pump tubing and said mandrel; a Walking beam for reciprocating` said sucker rod string; and means, operated by the Walking beam While reciprocating said sucker rod string, for rotating said mandrel.

12. An apparatus of the character de scribed, comprising a pump tubing, a means rotatably supporting the pump tubing, a

sucker rod string extending through the- 14. An apparatus of the character4 described, comprising a pump tubing, a means rotatably supporting the Ypump tubing, a

sucker rod string extending through the pump tubing, a Working barrel connected With the pump tubing, a plunger in the Working barrel connected with the sucker rod string, a means to operate the sucker rod string, and a means operably connected With the last mentioned means to rotate the pump tubing. l

15. An apparatus of the character described, comprising a pump tubing, a mandrel connected With the pump tubing, a means rotatably supporting the mandrel, a sucker rod string extending 'through the pump tubing and mandrel, a Working barrel connected With the pump tubing, a plunger in the Working barrel connected with the sucker rod string, and a means to operate the sucker rod string.

16. An apparatusof the character described, comprising a pump tubing, amandrel connected with the pump tubing, a means rotatably and releasably supporting the mandrel, a means to raise and lower the mandrel, a sucker rod string extending through the pump tubing and lmandrel, a Working barrel connected with the pump tubing, a plunger in the working barrel con nected With the sucker rod string, and a means to operate the sucker rod string.

In testimony whereof, We have hereunto set our hands at Los Angeles, California,

this 12th day of March, 1926.

BERNARD H. SCOTT.

SAMUEL E. ROSS.

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