TWI704147B - 溴域抑制劑 - Google Patents
溴域抑制劑 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI704147B TWI704147B TW106112643A TW106112643A TWI704147B TW I704147 B TWI704147 B TW I704147B TW 106112643 A TW106112643 A TW 106112643A TW 106112643 A TW106112643 A TW 106112643A TW I704147 B TWI704147 B TW I704147B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- methyl
- pyridine
- pyrrolo
- dihydro
- department
- Prior art date
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- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 title description 44
- 102000001805 Bromodomains Human genes 0.000 title description 3
- 108050009021 Bromodomains Proteins 0.000 title description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 96
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 282
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 113
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 104
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 95
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 46
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Abstract
Description
溴域係指結合至發現於一些蛋白質中之N
-乙醯化離胺酸殘基之保守蛋白結構摺疊。含有溴域之蛋白質之BET家族包含四個成員(BRD2、BRD3、BRD4及BRDt)。BET家族之每一成員利用兩個溴域來識別N
-乙醯化離胺酸殘基,通常但並非排他性地為在轉錄因子上(Shi, J.等人,Cancer Cell 25(2): 210-225 (2014))或在組蛋白之胺基末端尾上發現之彼等。自每一BET蛋白之N末端編號,串聯溴域通常標記為結合域I (BDI)及結合域II (BDII)。該等相互作用藉由將轉錄因子募集至染色質內之特定基因組位置來調節基因表現。舉例而言,結合組蛋白之BRD4將轉錄因子P-TEFb募集至啟動因子,從而表現參與細胞週期進展之基因亞組(Yang等人,Mol. Cell. Biol. 28: 967-976 (2008))。BRD2及BRD3亦起生長促進基因之轉錄調控劑作用(LeRoy等人,Mol. Cell 30: 51-60 (2008))。最近確立BET家族成員對維持若干癌症類型至關重要(Zuber等人,Nature 478: 524-528 (2011);Mertz等人,Proc. Nat’l. Acad. Sci. 108: 16669-16674 (2011);Delmore等人,Cell 146: 1-14, (2011);Dawson等人,Nature 478: 529-533 (2011))。BET家族成員亦參與經由典型NF-KB路徑來調介急性發炎反應(Huang等人,Mol. Cell. Biol. 29: 1375-1387 (2009)),從而上調與細胞介素之產生相關之基因(Nicodeme等人,Nature 468: 1119-1123, (2010))。已顯示在動物模型中,藉由BET溴域抑制劑來阻抑細胞介素誘導係治療發炎介導之腎病之有效方式(Zhang等人,J. Biol. Chem. 287: 28840-28851 (2012))。BRD2功能與以下情形相關:血脂異常傾向或脂肪生成調控不合理、升高的發炎特徵及增加的自體免疫疾病易感性(Denis, Discovery Medicine 10: 489-499 (2010))。人類免疫缺陷病毒利用BRD4來引發病毒RNA自穩定整合病毒DNA之轉錄(Jang等人,Mol. Cell, 19: 523-534 (2005))。亦已顯示在潛伏T細胞感染及潛伏單核球感染模型中,BET溴域抑制劑會再活化HIV轉錄(Banerjee等人,J. Leukocyte Biol. doi:10.1189/jlb.0312165)。BRDt在由BET溴域抑制劑阻斷之精子生成中具有重要作用(Matzuk等人,Cell 150: 673-684 (2012))。因此,尋求抑制BET家族溴域與其同源乙醯化離胺酸蛋白結合之化合物來治療癌症、發炎性疾病、腎病、涉及代謝或脂肪累積之疾病及一些病毒感染以及提供男性避孕之方法。因此,在醫學上持續需要研發出治療該等適應症之新藥物。
在一態樣中,本發明提供式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,(I), 其中 R1
係氫、CD2
CD3
、C1
-C6
烷基、C1
-C6
鹵代烷基、C3
-C6
環烷基、苯基或5-6員單環雜芳基;其中C3
-C6
環烷基、苯基及5-6員單環雜芳基各自視情況經1個、2個、3個或4個經獨立選擇之Rx
基團取代; R2
係G2a
、C1
-C6
鹵代烷基或C1
-C6
烷基,其中C1
-C6
烷基視情況經一個選自由G2b
及-OH組成之群之取代基取代; G2a
係苯基或C3
-C6
單環環烷基;其中每一G2a
視情況經1個、2個、3個或4個經獨立選擇之Rx
基團取代; G2b
係苯基,其視情況經1個、2個、3個或4個經獨立選擇之Rx
基團取代; R3
係C1
-C6
鹵代烷基、C1
-C6
烷基或C3
-C6
單環環烷基,其中C3
-C6
單環環烷基視情況經1個、2個、3個或4個經獨立選擇之Rx
基團取代;或 R2
及R3
與其所附接之碳原子一起形成C3
-C6
單環環烷基、C4
-C6
單環環烯基或4-6員單環雜環;其中C3
-C6
單環環烷基、C4
-C6
單環環烯基及4-6員單環雜環各自視情況經1個、2個、3個或4個經獨立選擇之Rx
基團取代; R4
係苯基、吡啶基、C3
-C6
單環環烷基或C4
-C6
單環環烯基;其中每一R4
視情況經1個、2個、3個或4個經獨立選擇之Ry
基團取代;或 R4
係式(a)(a) R4a
及R4b
各自獨立地係鹵素、C1
-C6
烷基或C1
-C6
鹵代烷基; R4c
及R4d
各自獨立地係氫、鹵素、-CN、C1
-C6
烷基、C1
-C6
鹵代烷基、-S(C1
-C6
烷基)、-S(O)2
(C1
-C6
烷基)或-(C1
-C6
伸烷基)-OH; Y係C(R4e
)或N;其中R4e
係氫、鹵素、-CN、C1
-C6
烷基或C1
-C6
鹵代烷基; Rx
在每次出現時獨立地係鹵素、C1
-C6
烷基或C1
-C6
鹵代烷基; Ry
在每次出現時獨立地係鹵素、C1
-C6
烷基、C1
-C6
鹵代烷基、-O(C1
-C6
烷基)、-O(C1
-C6
鹵代烷基)或-(C1
-C6
伸烷基)-OH; X1
及X2
係C(R5
);或 X1
及X2
中之一者係N且另一者係C(R5
); R5
在每次出現時獨立地係氫或鹵素;且 R6
係氫、鹵素、-CN、C1
-C6
鹵代烷基或C1
-C6
烷基。 在另一態樣中,本發明提供治療或預防藉由抑制BET改善之病症之方法。該等方法包含向個體單獨或與醫藥上可接受之載劑組合投與治療有效量之式(I)化合物。 一些方法係關於治療或預防發炎性疾病或癌症或AIDS。 在另一態樣中,本發明係關於治療個體之癌症之方法,其包含向有需要之個體投與治療有效量之式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。在某些實施例中,癌症選自由以下組成之群:聽神經瘤、急性白血病、急性淋巴球性白血病、急性骨髓細胞性白血病(單核球性白血病、骨髓母細胞性白血病、腺癌、血管肉瘤、星形細胞瘤、骨髓單核球性白血病及前骨髓細胞性白血病)、急性t細胞白血病、基底細胞癌、膽管癌、膀胱癌、腦癌、乳癌、支氣管癌、子宮頸癌、軟骨肉瘤、脊索瘤、絨毛膜癌、慢性白血病、慢性淋巴球性白血病、慢性骨髓細胞(粒細胞)性白血病、慢性骨髓性白血病、結腸癌、結腸直腸癌、顱咽管瘤、囊腺癌、瀰漫性大B細胞淋巴瘤、不良增生性變化(dysproliferative change) (發育不良及化生)、胚胎性癌、子宮內膜癌、內皮肉瘤、室管膜瘤、上皮癌、紅白血病、食道癌、雄激素受體陽性乳癌、自發性血小板增多、尤文氏腫瘤(Ewing’s tumor)、纖維肉瘤、濾泡性淋巴瘤、生殖細胞睪丸癌、神經膠質瘤、神經膠質母細胞瘤、神經膠質肉瘤、重鏈疾病、血管母細胞瘤、肝細胞瘤、肝細胞癌、激素不敏感前列腺癌、平滑肌肉瘤、白血病、脂肪肉瘤、肺癌、淋巴管內皮肉瘤、淋巴管肉瘤、淋巴球母細胞性白血病、淋巴瘤(何傑金氏淋巴瘤(Hodgkin’s lymphoma)及非何傑金氏淋巴瘤)、膀胱、乳房、結腸、肺、卵巢、胰髒、前列腺、皮膚及子宮之惡性腫瘤及過度增生性病症、T細胞或B細胞源淋巴惡性病、白血病、淋巴瘤、髓樣癌、髓母細胞瘤、黑色素瘤、腦膜瘤、間皮瘤、多發性骨髓瘤、骨髓性白血病、骨髓瘤、黏液肉瘤、神經母細胞瘤、NUT中線癌(NMC)、非小細胞肺癌、寡樹突神經膠細胞瘤、口癌、骨原性肉瘤、卵巢癌、胰臟癌、乳頭狀腺癌、乳頭狀癌、松果體瘤、真性紅血球增多症、前列腺癌、直腸癌、腎細胞癌、視網膜母細胞瘤、橫紋肌肉瘤、肉瘤、皮脂腺癌、精原細胞瘤、皮膚癌、小細胞肺癌(small cell lung carcinoma)、實體腫瘤(癌及肉瘤)、小細胞肺癌(small cell lung cancer)、胃癌、鱗狀細胞癌、滑膜瘤、汗腺癌、甲狀腺癌、瓦登斯特隆巨球蛋白血症(Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia)、睪丸腫瘤、子宮癌及威爾姆氏腫瘤(Wilms’ tumor)。在某些實施例中,該等方法進一步包含投與治療有效量之至少一種其他治療劑。在某些實施例中,其他治療劑選自由以下組成之群:阿糖胞苷(cytarabine)、硼替佐米(bortezomib)及5-阿紮胞苷(5-azacitidine)。 在另一態樣中,本發明係關於治療個體之疾病或病況之方法,其包含向有需要之個體投與治療有效量之式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,其中該疾病或病況選自由以下組成之群:愛迪生氏病(Addison's disease)、急性痛風、強直性脊柱炎、氣喘、動脈粥樣硬化、貝切特氏病(Behcet's disease)、大皰性皮膚病、慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)、克羅恩氏病(Crohn's disease)、皮膚炎、濕疹、巨細胞動脈炎、腎小球腎炎、肝炎、垂體炎、發炎性腸病、川崎病(Kawasaki disease)、狼瘡腎炎、多發性硬化、心肌炎、肌炎、腎炎、器官移植排斥、骨關節炎、胰臟炎、心包炎、結節性多動脈炎、肺炎、原發性膽汁性肝硬化、牛皮癬、牛皮癬性關節炎、類風濕性關節炎、鞏膜炎、硬化性膽管炎、敗血症、全身性紅斑狼瘡、高安氏動脈炎(Takayasu's Arteritis)、中毒性休克、甲狀腺炎、I型糖尿病、潰瘍性結腸炎、葡萄膜炎、白斑病、血管炎及韋格納氏肉芽腫病(Wegener's granulomatosis)。在某些實施例中,該等方法進一步包含投與治療有效量之至少一種其他治療劑。 在另一態樣中,本發明係關於治療個體之慢性腎疾病或病況之方法,其包含向有需要之個體投與治療有效量之式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,其中該疾病或病況選自由以下組成之群:糖尿病性腎病變、高血壓性腎病變、HIV相關性腎病變、腎小球腎炎、狼瘡腎炎、IgA腎病變、局灶性節段性腎小球硬化症、膜性腎小球腎炎、微小改變疾病、多囊性腎病及小管間質性腎炎。在某些實施例中,該等方法進一步包含投與治療有效量之至少一種其他治療劑。 在另一態樣中,本發明係關於治療個體之急性腎損傷或疾病或病況之方法,其包含向有需要之個體投與治療有效量之式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,其中該急性腎損傷或疾病或病況選自由以下組成之群:缺血再灌注誘導性腎病、心臟及大手術誘導性腎病、經皮冠狀動脈介入誘導性腎病、放射性造影劑誘導性腎病、敗血症誘導性腎病、肺炎誘導性腎病及藥物毒性誘導性腎病。在某些實施例中,該等方法進一步包含投與治療有效量之至少一種其他治療劑。 在另一態樣中,本發明係關於治療個體之AIDS之方法,其包含向有需要之個體投與治療有效量之式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。在某些實施例中,該等方法進一步包含投與治療有效量之至少一種其他治療劑。 在另一態樣中,本發明係關於治療個體之肥胖症、血脂異常、高膽固醇血症、阿茲海默氏病(Alzheimer’s disease)、代謝症候群、肝臟脂肪變性、II型糖尿病、胰島素抗性、糖尿病性視網膜病變或糖尿病性神經病變之方法,其包含向有需要之個體投與治療有效量之式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。在某些實施例中,該等方法進一步包含投與治療有效量之至少一種其他治療劑。 在另一態樣中,本發明係關於藉由抑制精子生成來預防個體受孕之方法,其包含向有需要之個體投與治療有效量之式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。在某些實施例中,該等方法進一步包含投與治療有效量之至少一種其他治療劑。 本發明之另一態樣提供單獨或與至少一種其他治療劑組合之式(I)化合物之用途,其用於製造用來在使用或不使用醫藥上可接受之載劑下治療或預防本文所揭示之病況及病症之藥劑。 本發明亦提供醫藥組合物,其包含單獨或與至少一種其他治療劑組合之式(I)化合物或醫藥上可接受之鹽。
本文揭示式(I)化合物:(I) 其中R1
、R2
、R3
、R4
、R6
、X1
及X2
定義於上文之[發明內容]及下文之[實施方式]中。另外,本文亦揭示包含該等化合物之組合物及使用該等化合物及組合物治療病況及病症之方法。 本文所揭示之化合物可含有一或多個在本文任一取代基或式中出現一次以上之變量。變量在每次出現時之定義獨立於其在另一次出現時之定義。另外,取代基之組合僅在該等組合產生穩定化合物時才允許。穩定化合物係可自反應混合物分離之化合物。a. 定義
應注意,除非上下文另外明確指示,否則如本說明書及隨附申請專利範圍中所用之單數形式「一(a、an)」及「該」皆包括複數個指示物。因此,舉例而言,在提及「化合物」時其包括單一化合物以及一或多種相同或不同的化合物,在提及「醫藥上可接受之載劑」時意指單一醫藥上可接受之載劑以及一或多種醫藥上可接受之載劑,及諸如此類。 除非指定相反之情形,否則如本說明書及隨附申請專利範圍中所用之下列術語具有所指示含義: 如本文所用之術語「烷基」意指飽和直鏈或具支鏈烴鏈基團。在一些情況下,烷基部分中之碳原子數係由前綴「Cx
-Cy
」指示,其中x係取代基中之碳原子之最小數值且y係最大數值。因此,舉例而言,「C1
-C6
烷基」意指含有1至6個碳原子之烷基取代基,且「C1
-C3
烷基」意指含有1至3個碳原子之烷基取代基。烷基之代表性實例包括(但不限於)甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、第二丁基、異丁基、第三丁基、正戊基、異戊基、新戊基、正己基、1-甲基丁基、2-甲基丁基、3-甲基丁基、3,3-二甲基丁基、1,1-二甲基丙基、1,2-二甲基丙基、2,2-二甲基丙基、1-甲基丙基、2-甲基丙基、1-乙基丙基及1,2,2-三甲基丙基。除非另有指示,否則本文所用之術語「烷基」、「C1
-C6
烷基」及「C1
-C3
烷基」未經取代。 術語「伸烷基(alkylene、alkylenyl)」意指衍生自例如1至10個碳原子或1至6個碳原子(C1
-C6
伸烷基)或1至4個碳原子(C1
-C4
伸烷基)或1至3個碳原子(C1
-C3
伸烷基)或2至6個碳原子(C2
-C6
伸烷基)之直鏈或具支鏈飽和烴鏈之二價基團。C1
-C6
伸烷基之實例包括(但不限於) -CH2
-、-CH2
CH2
-、-C((CH3
)2
)-CH2
CH2
CH2
-、-C((CH3
)2
)-CH2
CH2
、-CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
-及-CH2
CH(CH3
)CH2
-。 如本文所用之術語「C3
-C6
環烷基」意指含有3-6個碳原子、0個雜原子及0個雙鍵之烴環基團。C3
-C6
環烷基可為單一環(單環)或具有兩個環(二環)。C3
-C6
單環環烷基意指環丙基、環丁基、環戊基及環己基。二環環烷基內之環處於橋接取向。在橋接環烷基中,各環共用至少兩個非毗鄰原子。橋接C3
-C6
環烷基之實例係二環[1.1.1]戊基。 如本文所用之術語「C4
-C6
單環環烯基」意指含有4-6個碳原子、0個雜原子及一或兩個雙鍵之單環烴環基團。C4
-C6
單環環烯基之實例包括(但不限於)環丁烯基、環戊烯基、環己烯基及環庚基。 如本文所用之術語「鹵基」或「鹵素」意指Cl、Br、I及F。 如本文所用之術語「鹵代烷基」意指如本文所定義之烷基,其中1個、2個、3個、4個、5個或6個氫原子經鹵素替代。術語「C1
-C6
鹵代烷基」意指如本文所定義之C1
-C6
烷基,其中1個、2個、3個、4個、5個或6個氫原子經鹵素替代。術語「C1
-C3
鹵代烷基」意指如本文所定義之C1
-C3
烷基,其中1個、2個、3個、4個或5個氫原子經鹵素替代。鹵代烷基之實例包括(但不限於)氯甲基、2-氟乙基、2,2-二氟乙基、氟甲基、2,2,2-三氟乙基、三氟甲基、二氟甲基、五氟乙基、2-氯-3-氟戊基及1,1,1-三氟-2-甲基丙基。 術語「4-6員單環雜環」係4員、5員或6員烴環,其中至少一個碳原子經獨立地選自由O、N及S組成之群之雜原子替代。4員單環雜環含有0個或1個雙鍵及1個選自由O、N及S組成之群之雜原子。4員單環雜環之實例包括(但不限於)氮雜環丁基及氧雜環丁基。5員單環雜環含有0個或1個雙鍵及1個、2個或3個選自由O、N及S組成之群之雜原子。5員單環雜環之實例包括在環中含有以下之彼等:1個O;1個S;1個N;2個N;3個N;1個S及1個N;1個S及2個N;1個O及1個N;或1個O及2個N。5員單環雜環基團之非限制性實例包括1,3-二氧戊環基、四氫呋喃基、二氫呋喃基、四氫噻吩基、二氫噻吩基、咪唑啶基、噁唑啶基、咪唑啉基、異噁唑啶基、吡唑啶基、吡唑啉基、吡咯啶基、2-吡咯啉基、3-吡咯啉基、噻唑啉基及噻唑啶基。6員單環雜環含有0個、1個或2個雙鍵及1個、2個或3個選自由O、N及S組成之群之雜原子。6員單環雜環之實例包括在環中含有以下之彼等:1個O;2個O;1個S;2個S;1個N;2個N;3個N;1個S、1個O及1個N;1個S及1個N;1個S及2個N;1個S及1個O;1個S及2個O;1個O及1個N;及1個O及2個N。6員單環雜環之實例包括四氫吡喃基、二氫吡喃基、二噁烷基、1,4-二噻烷基、六氫嘧啶、嗎啉基、六氫吡嗪基、六氫吡啶基、四氫吡啶基、四氫硫吡喃基、硫代嗎啉基、噻噁烷基及三噻烷基。雜環中之氮及硫雜原子可視情況經氧化(例如1,1-二氧負離子基四氫噻吩基、1,1-二氧負離子基-1,2-噻唑啶基、1,1-二氧負離子基硫代嗎啉基)且氮原子可視情況經四級銨化。 術語「5-6員單環雜芳基」係5員或6員烴環,其中至少一個碳原子經獨立地選自由O、N及S組成之群之雜原子替代。5員環含有兩個雙鍵。5員環可含有1個選自O或S之雜原子;或1個、2個、3個或4個氮原子及視情況1個氧或1個硫原子。6員環含有3個雙鍵及1個、2個、3個或4個氮原子。5-6員單環雜芳基之實例包括(但不限於)呋喃基、咪唑基、異噁唑基、異噻唑基、噁二唑基、1,3-噁唑基、吡啶基、嗒嗪基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、吡唑基、吡咯基、四唑基、噻二唑基、1,3-噻唑基、噻吩基、三唑基及三嗪基。雜芳基環中之氮原子可視情況經氧化且可視情況經四級銨化。 除非另有指示,否則苯基、C3
-C6
環烷基、C3
-C6
單環環烷基、C4
-C6
環烯基、4-6員單環雜環及5-6員單環雜芳基(包括實例性環)視情況經取代;且經由含於環系統內之任何可取代原子附接至母體分子部分。 如本文所用之術語「雜原子」意指氮、氧及硫。 術語「放射性標記」意指至少一個原子為放射性原子或放射性同位素之本發明化合物,其中放射性原子或同位素自發發射γ射線或高能粒子(例如α粒子或β粒子或正電子)。該等放射性原子之實例包括(但不限於)3
H(氚)、14
C、11
C、15
O、18
F、35
S、123
I及125
I。 當非氫基團替代部分之任一可取代原子之氫基團時,該部分闡述為「經取代」。因此,舉例而言,經取代雜環部分係至少一個非氫基團替代雜環上之氫基團之雜環部分。應認識到,若部分上有一個以上之取代,則每一非氫基團可相同或不同(除非另外說明)。 若部分闡述為「視情況經取代」,則該部分可(1)未經取代或(2)經取代。若部分闡述為視情況經最多特定數量之非氫基團取代,則該部分可(1)未經取代;或(2)經最多該特定數量之非氫基團或經最多該部分上之最大可取代位置數(以較小者為准)取代。因此,舉例而言,若部分闡述為視情況經最多3個非氫基團取代之雜芳基,則具有少於3個可取代位置之任一雜芳基視情況經最多僅與該雜芳基所具有之可取代位置一樣多之非氫基團取代。為進行說明,四唑基(其僅具有一個可取代位置)將視情況經最多一個非氫基團取代。為進一步說明,若胺基氮闡述為視情況經最多2個非氫基團取代,則一級胺基氮視情況經最多2個非氫基團取代,而二級胺基氮視情況經最多僅1個非氫基團取代。 術語「治療(treat、treating及treatment)」係指減輕或消除疾病及/或其伴隨症狀之方法。在某些實施例中,「治療(treat、treating及treatment)」係指改善個體不能感受到之至少一個物理參數。在另一實施例中,「治療(treat、treating及treatment)」係指在物理方面調節疾病或病症(例如,穩定可感受到之症狀)、在生理學方面調節疾病或病症(例如,穩定物理參數)或二者皆有。在另一實施例中,「治療(treat、treating及treatment)」係指減緩疾病或病症之進展。 術語「預防(prevent、preventing及prevention)」係指預防疾病及/或其伴隨症狀之發作或使個體免於獲得疾病之方法。如本文所用之「預防(prevent、preventing及prevention)」亦包括延遲疾病及/或其伴隨症狀之發作及降低個體獲得或罹患疾病或病症之風險。 片語「治療有效量」意指化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽之如下量:在特定個體或個體群體中單獨或與另一治療劑結合投與用於治療時,其足以預防所治療病況或病症之一或多種症狀之發展或將其減輕至一定程度。「治療有效量」可端視化合物、疾病及其嚴重程度以及欲治療個體之年齡、體重、健康狀況等而變化。舉例而言,在人類或其他哺乳動物中,對於所治療之特定疾病及個體而言,治療有效量可在實驗室或臨床環境中以實驗方式確定,或可為根據美國食品及藥品管理局(United States Food and Drug Administration)或同等國外機構之導則所需之量。 術語「個體」在本文中定義為係指動物,例如哺乳動物,包括(但不限於)靈長類動物(例如人類)、牛、綿羊、山羊、豬、馬、狗、貓、兔、大鼠、小鼠及諸如此類。在一實施例中,個體係人類。術語「人類」、「患者」及「個體」在本文中可互換使用。 術語「至少一種其他治療劑」意指1至4種除本發明化合物外之治療劑。在一實施例中,其意指1至3種其他治療劑。在其他實施例中,其意指一或兩種其他治療劑。在另一實施例中,其意指一種其他治療劑。在另一實施例中,其意指兩種其他治療劑。在另一實施例中,其意指三種其他治療劑。b. 化合物
本發明化合物具有如上文所述之通式(I)。 式(I)化合物中之可變基團之特定值如下。若適當,則該等值可與上文或下文所定義之其他值、定義、技術方案或實施例中之任一者一起使用。 在某些實施例中,R1
為氫。 在某些實施例中,R1
係CD2
CD3
、C1
-C6
烷基、C1
-C6
鹵代烷基或C3
-C6
環烷基;其中C3
-C6
環烷基視情況經1個、2個、3個或4個經獨立選擇之Rx
基團取代。 在某些實施例中,R1
係CD2
CD3
、C1
-C6
烷基、C1
-C6
鹵代烷基、環丙基或二環[1.1.1]戊基;其中環丙基及二環[1.1.1]戊基各自視情況經1個、2個、3個或4個經獨立選擇之Rx
基團取代。 在某些實施例中,R1
係CD2
CD3
。 在某些實施例中,R1
係C1
-C6
烷基或C1
-C6
鹵代烷基。在一些該等實施例中,R1
係CH3
、CH2
CH3
、C(CH3
)3
或C(CH3
)2
CF3
。 在某些實施例中,R1
係C1
-C6
烷基。在一些該等實施例中,R1
係CH3
、CH2
CH3
或C(CH3
)3
。在一些其他實施例中,R1
係CH3
或CH2
CH3
。在一些其他實施例中,R1
係CH3
。在一些其他實施例中,R1
係CH2
CH3
。 在某些實施例中,R1
係C1
-C6
鹵代烷基。在一些該等實施例中,R1
係C(CH3
)2
CF3
。 在某些實施例中,R1
係C3
-C6
環烷基;其中C3
-C6
環烷基視情況經1個、2個、3個或4個經獨立選擇之Rx
基團取代。在一些該等實施例中,C3
-C6
環烷基係環丙基或二環[1.1.1]戊基;其中環丙基及二環[1.1.1]戊基各自視情況經1個、2個、3個或4個經獨立選擇之Rx
基團取代。在一些其他實施例中,C3
-C6
環烷基係環丙基,其中環丙基視情況經1個、2個、3個或4個經獨立選擇之Rx
基團取代。在一些其他實施例中,C3
-C6
環烷基係二環[1.1.1]戊基,其中二環[1.1.1]戊基視情況經1個、2個、3個或4個經獨立選擇之Rx
基團取代。 在某些實施例中,R1
係苯基或5-6員單環雜芳基;其中苯基及5-6員單環雜芳基各自視情況經1個、2個、3個或4個經獨立選擇之Rx
基團取代。 在某些實施例中,R2
係苯基、環丙基、環戊基、C1
-C6
鹵代烷基或C1
-C6
烷基,其中C1
-C6
烷基視情況經一個選自由G2b
及-OH組成之群之取代基取代;且其中苯基、環丙基及環戊基各自視情況經1個、2個、3個或4個經獨立選擇之Rx
基團取代。 在某些實施例中,R2
係G2a
。在一些該等實施例中,G2a
係苯基、環丙基或環戊基;其中每一G2a
視情況經1個、2個、3個或4個經獨立選擇之Rx
基團取代。在一些該等實施例中,G2a
係苯基;其中苯基視情況經1個、2個、3個或4個經獨立選擇之Rx
基團取代。 在某些實施例中,R2
係C1
-C6
鹵代烷基或C1
-C6
烷基,其中C1
-C6
烷基視情況經一個選自由G2b
及-OH組成之群之取代基取代。在一些該等實施例中,R2
係C1
-C6
鹵代烷基、C1
-C6
烷基、-CH2
-苯基、-CH2
CH2
-苯基、CH2
OH或CH2
CH2
OH;其中-CH2
-苯基及-CH2
CH2
-苯基之苯基部分視情況經1個、2個、3個或4個經獨立選擇之Rx
基團取代。 在某些實施例中,R2
係-CH2
-苯基或-CH2
CH2
-苯基;其中-CH2
-苯基及-CH2
CH2
-苯基之苯基部分視情況經1個、2個、3個或4個經獨立選擇之Rx
基團取代。 在某些實施例中,R2
係C1
-C6
鹵代烷基或C1
-C6
烷基,其中C1
-C6
烷基視情況經一個-OH取代。在一些該等實施例中,R2
係CF3
、CH2
F、CH3
、CH2
CH3
、C(H)(CH3
)2
、C(CH3
)(H)CH2
CH3
、CH2
C(H)(CH3
)2
、CH2
OH或CH2
CH2
OH。 在某些實施例中,R2
係C1
-C6
鹵代烷基。在一些該等實施例中,R2
係CF3
或CH2
F。 在某些實施例中,R2
係C1
-C6
烷基,其中C1
-C6
烷基視情況經一個-OH取代。在一些該等實施例中,R2
係CH3
、CH2
CH3
、C(H)(CH3
)2
、C(CH3
)(H)CH2
CH3
、CH2
C(H)(CH3
)2
、CH2
OH或CH2
CH2
OH。 在某些實施例中,R2
係C1
-C6
烷基。在一些該等實施例中,R2
係CH3
、CH2
CH3
、C(H)(CH3
)2
、C(CH3
)(H)CH2
CH3
或CH2
C(H)(CH3
)2
。在一些該等實施例中,R2
係CH3
。 在某些實施例中,R2
係C1
-C6
烷基,其經一個-OH取代。在一些該等實施例中,R2
係CH2
OH或CH2
CH2
OH。 在某些實施例中,R3
係C1
-C6
鹵代烷基、C1
-C6
烷基或C3
-C6
單環環烷基,其中C3
-C6
單環環烷基視情況經1個、2個、3個或4個經獨立選擇之Rx
基團取代。 在某些實施例中,R3
係C1
-C6
鹵代烷基、C1
-C6
烷基或環丙基,其中環丙基視情況經1個、2個、3個或4個經獨立選擇之Rx
基團取代。 在某些實施例中,R3
係C3
-C6
單環環烷基,其中C3
-C6
單環環烷基視情況經1個、2個、3個或4個經獨立選擇之Rx
基團取代。在一些該等實施例中,R3
係環丙基,其中環丙基視情況經1個、2個、3個或4個經獨立選擇之Rx
基團取代。 在某些實施例中,R3
係C1
-C6
鹵代烷基或C1
-C6
烷基。在一些該等實施例中,R3
係CF3
、CH3
或CH2
CH3
。 在某些實施例中,R3
係C1
-C6
鹵代烷基。在一些該等實施例中,R3
係CF3
。 在某些實施例中,R3
係C1
-C6
烷基。在一些該等實施例中,R3
係CH3
或CH2
CH3
。在一些該等實施例中,R3
係CH3
。 在某些實施例中,R2
及R3
與其所附接之碳原子一起形成C3
-C6
單環環烷基、C4
-C6
單環環烯基或4-6員單環雜環;其中C3
-C6
單環環烷基、C4
-C6
單環環烯基及4-6員單環雜環各自視情況經1個、2個、3個或4個經獨立選擇之Rx
基團取代。 在某些實施例中,R2
及R3
與其所附接之碳原子一起皆為環丁基、環戊基、環戊烯基或氧雜環丁基;其中環丁基、環戊基、環戊烯基及氧雜環丁基各自視情況經1個、2個、3個或4個經獨立選擇之Rx
基團取代。 在某些實施例中,R4
係苯基、吡啶基、C3
-C6
單環環烷基或C4
-C6
單環環烯基;其中每一R4
視情況經1個、2個、3個或4個經獨立選擇之Ry
基團取代。 在某些實施例中,R4
係苯基、環戊烯基或環己烯基;其中每一R4
視情況經1個、2個、3個或4個經獨立選擇之Ry
基團取代。 在某些實施例中,R4
係式(a)(a)。 在某些實施例中,R4a
係鹵素、C1
-C6
烷基或C1
-C6
鹵代烷基。在一些該等實施例中,R4a
係F、Cl、C1
-C3
烷基或C1
-C3
鹵代烷基。在一些該等實施例中,R4a
係F、Cl、CH3
、CF3
或CHF2
。 在某些實施例中,R4a
係C1
-C3
烷基。在一些該等實施例中,R4a
係CH3
。 在某些實施例中,R4b
係鹵素或C1
-C6
烷基。在一些該等實施例中,R4b
係Cl或C1
-C3
烷基。在一些該等實施例中,R4b
係Cl或CH3
。 在某些實施例中,R4b
係C1
-C3
烷基。在一些該等實施例中,R4b
係CH3
。 在某些實施例中,R4c
係氫、鹵素、-CN、C1
-C6
烷基、C1
-C6
鹵代烷基、-S(C1
-C6
烷基)、-S(O)2
(C1
-C6
烷基)或-(C1
-C6
伸烷基)-OH。 在某些實施例中,R4c
係氫、鹵素、-CN、-S(C1
-C6
烷基)、-S(O)2
(C1
-C6
烷基)或-(C1
-C6
伸烷基)-OH。 在某些實施例中,R4c
係氫、F、Cl、Br、-CN、-SCH3
、-S(O)2
CH3
或-C(CH3
)2
-OH。 在某些實施例中,R4c
為氫或鹵素。在一些該等實施例中,鹵素係F、Cl或Br。在一些該等實施例中,鹵素係F。 在某些實施例中,R4c
係鹵素。在一些該等實施例中,鹵素係F、Cl或Br。在一些該等實施例中,鹵素係F。 在某些實施例中,R4c
係F。 在某些實施例中,R4d
為氫或鹵素。在一些該等實施例中,鹵素係F或Cl。 在某些實施例中,R4d
係氫。 在某些實施例中,Y係C(R4e
)或N;其中R4e
係氫。 在某些實施例中,Y係N。 在某些實施例中,Y係C(R4e
)。在一些該等實施例中,R4e
係氫或鹵素。在一些該等實施例中,R4e
係氫。 在某些實施例中,R6
係氫或鹵素。在一些該等實施例中,鹵素係F。 在某些實施例中,R6
為氫。 在某些實施例中,R6
為鹵素。在一些該等實施例中,鹵素係F。 上文已論述取代基R1
、R2
、R3
、R4
、R4a
、R4b
、R4c
、R4d
、R4e
、R5
、R6
、X1
、X2
及Y之多個實施例。該等取代基實施例可組合形成式(I)化合物之各個實施例。藉由組合上文所論述之取代基實施例形成之式(I)化合物之所有實施例皆在本發明之範疇內,且式(I)化合物之一些說明性實施例提供於下文中。 在一實施例中,本發明係關於式(I)化合物,其中 R2
係苯基、環丙基、環戊基、C1
-C6
鹵代烷基或C1
-C6
烷基,其中C1
-C6
烷基視情況經一個選自由G2b
及-OH組成之群之取代基取代;且其中苯基、環丙基、及環戊基各自視情況經1個、2個、3個或4個經獨立選擇之Rx
基團取代;且 R3
係C1
-C6
鹵代烷基、C1
-C6
烷基或環丙基,其中環丙基視情況經1個、2個、3個或4個經獨立選擇之Rx
基團取代。 在一實施例中,本發明係關於式(I)化合物,其中 R2
係C1
-C6
鹵代烷基或C1
-C6
烷基,其中C1
-C6
烷基視情況經一個-OH取代;且 R3
係C1
-C6
鹵代烷基或C1
-C6
烷基。 在一實施例中,本發明係關於式(I)化合物,其中 R2
係C1
-C6
烷基,其中C1
-C6
烷基視情況經一個-OH取代;且 R3
係C1
-C6
烷基。 在一實施例中,本發明係關於式(I)化合物,其中 R2
係C1
-C6
烷基;且R3
係C1
-C6
烷基。在一些該等實施例中,R2
係CH3
;且R3
係CH3
。 在一實施例中,本發明係關於式(I)化合物,其中 R4
係式(a);其中 R4a
係鹵素、C1
-C6
烷基或C1
-C6
鹵代烷基; R4b
係鹵素或C1
-C6
烷基; R4d
係氫或鹵素;且 Y係C(R4e
)或N;其中R4e
係氫。 在一實施例中,本發明係關於式(I)化合物,其中 R4
係式(a);其中 R4a
係鹵素、C1
-C6
烷基或C1
-C6
鹵代烷基; R4b
係鹵素或C1
-C6
烷基; R4c
係氫或鹵素; R4d
係氫或鹵素;且 Y係C(R4e
)或N;其中R4e
係氫。 在一些該等實施例中,R4c
係氫或F。在一些該等實施例中,R4c
係F。在一些該等實施例中,R4c
係氫。 在一實施例中,本發明係關於式(I)化合物,其中 R4
係式(a);其中 R4a
係C1
-C3
烷基; R4b
係C1
-C3
烷基; R4c
係氫或鹵素; R4d
係氫;且 Y係C(R4e
),其中R4e
係氫。 在一些該等實施例中,R4c
係氫或F。在一些該等實施例中,R4c
係F。在一些該等實施例中,R4c
係氫。 在一實施例中,本發明係關於式(I)化合物,其中X1
係N或C(R5
);X2
係C(R5
);且R5
係氫。 在一實施例中,本發明係關於式(I)化合物,其中X1
及X2
係C(R5
);且R5
係氫。 在一實施例中,本發明係關於式(I)化合物,其中X1
係N;X2
係C(R5
);且R5
係氫。 在一實施例中,本發明係關於式(I)化合物,其中X1
係C(R5
);X2
係N;且R5
係氫。 在一實施例中,本發明係關於式(I)化合物,其中 X1
係N或C(R5
); X2
係C(R5
); R5
係氫;且 R2
及R3
與其所附接之碳原子一起形成C3
-C6
單環環烷基、C4
-C6
單環環烯基或4-6員單環雜環;其中C3
-C6
單環環烷基、C4
-C6
單環環烯基及4-6員單環雜環各自視情況經1個、2個、3個或4個經獨立選擇之Rx
基團取代。 在一些該等實施例中,X1
及X2
係C(R5
);且R5
係氫。 在一些該等實施例中,X1
係N;X2
係C(R5
);且R5
係氫。 在一實施例中,本發明係關於式(I)化合物,其中 X1
係N或C(R5
); X2
係C(R5
); R5
係氫; R2
及R3
與其所附接之碳原子一起形成C3
-C6
單環環烷基、C4
-C6
單環環烯基或4-6員單環雜環;其中C3
-C6
單環環烷基、C4
-C6
單環環烯基及4-6員單環雜環各自視情況經1個、2個、3個或4個經獨立選擇之Rx
基團取代; R4
係式(a);其中 R4a
係鹵素、C1
-C6
烷基或C1
-C6
鹵代烷基; R4b
係鹵素或C1
-C6
烷基; R4d
係氫或鹵素;且 Y係C(R4e
)或N;其中R4e
係氫;且 R6
係氫或鹵素。 在一些該等實施例中,X1
及X2
係C(R5
);且R5
係氫。 在一些該等實施例中,X1
係N;X2
係C(R5
);且R5
係氫。 在一實施例中,本發明係關於式(I)化合物,其中 X1
係N或C(R5
); X2
係C(R5
); R5
係氫; R1
係C1
-C6
烷基或C3
-C6
環烷基; R2
及R3
與其所附接之碳原子一起形成C3
-C6
單環環烷基、C4
-C6
單環環烯基或4-6員單環雜環;其中C3
-C6
單環環烷基、C4
-C6
單環環烯基及4-6員單環雜環各自視情況經1個、2個、3個或4個經獨立選擇之Rx
基團取代; R4
係式(a);其中 R4a
係C1
-C3
烷基; R4b
係C1
-C3
烷基; R4c
係氫或鹵素; R4d
係氫;且 Y係C(R4e
);其中R4e
係氫;且 R6
係氫。 在一些該等實施例中,X1
及X2
係C(R5
);且R5
係氫。 在一些該等實施例中,X1
係N;X2
係C(R5
);且R5
係氫。 在一些該等實施例中,R1
係C1
-C6
烷基。 在一些該等實施例中,R1
係視情況經取代之環丙基。 在一實施例中,本發明係關於式(I)化合物,其中 X1
係N或C(R5
); X2
係C(R5
); R5
係氫; R2
係苯基、環丙基、環戊基、C1
-C6
鹵代烷基或C1
-C6
烷基,其中C1
-C6
烷基視情況經一個選自由G2b
及-OH組成之群之取代基取代;且其中苯基、環丙基及環戊基各自視情況經1個、2個、3個或4個經獨立選擇之Rx
基團取代;且 R3
係C1
-C6
鹵代烷基、C1
-C6
烷基或環丙基,其中環丙基視情況經1個、2個、3個或4個經獨立選擇之Rx
基團取代。 在一些該等實施例中,X1
及X2
係C(R5
);且R5
係氫。 在一些該等實施例中,X1
係N;X2
係C(R5
);且R5
係氫。 在一實施例中,本發明係關於式(I)化合物,其中 X1
係N或C(R5
); X2
係C(R5
); R5
係氫; R2
係苯基、環丙基、環戊基、C1
-C6
鹵代烷基或C1
-C6
烷基,其中C1
-C6
烷基視情況經一個選自由G2b
及-OH組成之群之取代基取代;且其中苯基、環丙基及環戊基各自視情況經1個、2個、3個或4個經獨立選擇之Rx
基團取代; R3
係C1
-C6
鹵代烷基、C1
-C6
烷基或環丙基,其中環丙基視情況經1個、2個、3個或4個經獨立選擇之Rx
基團取代; R4
係苯基、吡啶基、C3
-C6
單環環烷基或C4
-C6
單環環烯基;其中每一R4
視情況經1個、2個、3個或4個經獨立選擇之Ry
基團取代;且 R6
係氫。 在一些該等實施例中,X1
及X2
係C(R5
);且R5
係氫。 在一些該等實施例中,X1
係N;X2
係C(R5
);且R5
係氫。 在一實施例中,本發明係關於式(I)化合物,其中 X1
係N或C(R5
); X2
係C(R5
); R5
係氫; R2
係C1
-C6
烷基,其中C1
-C6
烷基視情況經一個-OH取代; R3
係C1
-C6
烷基; R4
係苯基、吡啶基、C3
-C6
單環環烷基或C4
-C6
單環環烯基;其中每一R4
視情況經1個、2個、3個或4個經獨立選擇之Ry
基團取代;且 R6
係氫。 在一些該等實施例中,X1
及X2
係C(R5
);且R5
係氫。 在一些該等實施例中,X1
係N;X2
係C(R5
);且R5
係氫。 在一實施例中,本發明係關於式(I)化合物,其中 X1
係C(R5
); X2
係C(R5
); R5
係氫; R1
、R2
及R3
係C1
-C6
烷基; R4
係苯基、吡啶基、C3
-C6
單環環烷基或C4
-C6
單環環烯基;其中每一R4
視情況經1個、2個、3個或4個經獨立選擇之Ry
基團取代;且 R6
係氫。 在一實施例中,本發明係關於式(I)化合物,其中 X1
係N或C(R5
); X2
係C(R5
); R5
係氫; R2
係苯基、環丙基、環戊基、C1
-C6
鹵代烷基或C1
-C6
烷基,其中C1
-C6
烷基視情況經一個選自由G2b
及-OH組成之群之取代基取代;且其中苯基、環丙基及環戊基各自視情況經1個、2個、3個或4個經獨立選擇之Rx
基團取代; R3
係C1
-C6
鹵代烷基、C1
-C6
烷基或環丙基,其中環丙基視情況經1個、2個、3個或4個經獨立選擇之Rx
基團取代; R4
係式(a);且 R6
係氫或鹵素。 在一些該等實施例中,X1
及X2
係C(R5
);且R5
係氫。 在一些該等實施例中,X1
係N;X2
係C(R5
);且R5
係氫。 在一實施例中,本發明係關於式(I)化合物,其中 X1
係N或C(R5
); X2
係C(R5
); R5
係氫; R2
係苯基、環丙基、環戊基、C1
-C6
鹵代烷基或C1
-C6
烷基,其中C1
-C6
烷基視情況經一個選自由G2b
及-OH組成之群之取代基取代;且其中苯基、環丙基及環戊基各自視情況經1個、2個、3個或4個經獨立選擇之Rx
基團取代; R3
係C1
-C6
鹵代烷基、C1
-C6
烷基或環丙基,其中環丙基視情況經1個、2個、3個或4個經獨立選擇之Rx
基團取代; R4
係式(a);其中 R4a
係鹵素、C1
-C6
烷基或C1
-C6
鹵代烷基; R4b
係鹵素或C1
-C6
烷基; R4d
係氫或鹵素;且 Y係C(R4e
)或N;其中R4e
係氫;且 R6
係氫或鹵素。 在一些該等實施例中,X1
及X2
係C(R5
);且R5
係氫。 在一些該等實施例中,X1
係N;X2
係C(R5
);且R5
係氫。 在一實施例中,本發明係關於式(I)化合物,其中 X1
係N或C(R5
); X2
係C(R5
); R5
係氫; R2
係苯基、環丙基、環戊基、C1
-C6
鹵代烷基或C1
-C6
烷基,其中C1
-C6
烷基視情況經一個選自由G2b
及-OH組成之群之取代基取代;且其中苯基、環丙基及環戊基各自視情況經1個、2個、3個或4個經獨立選擇之Rx
基團取代; R3
係C1
-C6
鹵代烷基、C1
-C6
烷基或環丙基,其中環丙基視情況經1個、2個、3個或4個經獨立選擇之Rx
基團取代; R4
係式(a);其中 R4a
係C1
-C3
烷基; R4b
係C1
-C3
烷基; R4c
係氫或鹵素; R4d
係氫;且 Y係C(R4e
)或N;其中R4e
係氫;且 R6
係氫或鹵素。 在一些該等實施例中,X1
及X2
係C(R5
);且R5
係氫。 在一些該等實施例中,X1
係N;X2
係C(R5
);且R5
係氫。 在一實施例中,本發明係關於式(I)化合物,其中 X1
係N或C(R5
); X2
係C(R5
); R5
係氫; R2
係C1
-C6
鹵代烷基或C1
-C6
烷基,其中C1
-C6
烷基視情況經一個-OH取代; R3
係C1
-C6
鹵代烷基或C1
-C6
烷基; R4
係式(a);其中 R4a
係C1
-C3
烷基; R4b
係C1
-C3
烷基; R4c
係氫或鹵素; R4d
係氫;且 Y係C(R4e
)或N;其中R4e
係氫;且 R6
係氫或鹵素。 在一些該等實施例中,X1
及X2
係C(R5
);且R5
係氫。 在一些該等實施例中,X1
係N;X2
係C(R5
);且R5
係氫。 在一實施例中,本發明係關於式(I)化合物,其中 X1
係N或C(R5
); X2
係C(R5
); R5
係氫; R1
係C1
-C6
烷基或環丙基,其視情況經1個、2個、3個或4個經獨立選擇之Rx
基團取代; R2
及R3
係C1
-C6
烷基; R4
係式(a);其中 R4a
係C1
-C3
烷基; R4b
係C1
-C3
烷基; R4c
係氫或鹵素; R4d
係氫;且 Y係C(R4e
),其中R4e
係氫;且 R6
係氫或鹵素。 在一些該等實施例中,X1
及X2
係C(R5
);且R5
係氫。 在一些該等實施例中,X1
係N;X2
係C(R5
);且R5
係氫。 在一實施例中,本發明係關於式(I)化合物,其中 X1
係C(R5
); X2
係C(R5
); R5
係氫; R1
係環丙基,其視情況經1個、2個、3個或4個經獨立選擇之Rx
基團取代; R2
及R3
係C1
-C6
烷基; R4
係式(a);其中 R4a
係C1
-C3
烷基; R4b
係C1
-C3
烷基; R4c
係氫或鹵素; R4d
係氫;且 Y係C(R4e
),其中R4e
係氫;且 R6
係氫。 在一些該等實施例中,R4c
係鹵素。在一些該等實施例中,R4c
係F。 在一實施例中,本發明係關於式(I)化合物,其中 X1
係N或C(R5
); X2
係C(R5
); R5
係氫; R1
、R2
及R3
係C1
-C6
烷基; R4
係式(a);其中 R4a
係C1
-C3
烷基; R4b
係C1
-C3
烷基; R4c
係氫或鹵素; R4d
係氫;且 Y係C(R4e
),其中R4e
係氫;且 R6
係氫或鹵素。 在一些該等實施例中,X1
及X2
係C(R5
);且R5
係氫。 在一些該等實施例中,X1
係N;X2
係C(R5
);且R5
係氫。 在一實施例中,本發明係關於式(I)化合物,其中 X1
係C(R5
); X2
係C(R5
); R5
係氫; R1
、R2
及R3
係C1
-C6
烷基; R4
係式(a);其中 R4a
係C1
-C3
烷基; R4b
係C1
-C3
烷基; R4c
係鹵素; R4d
係氫;且 Y係C(R4e
),其中R4e
係氫;且 R6
係氫。 在一些該等實施例中,R4c
係F。 在一實施例中,本發明係關於製備式(A)化合物之製程,其中該製程包含溴化式(B)化合物其中PG1
係氮保護基團;且R105
係C1
-C6
烷基。 在某些實施例中,PG1
選自由以下組成之群:對甲苯磺醯基、苄基及2-(三甲基矽基)乙氧基甲基。在某些實施例中,PG1
係對甲苯磺醯基。 在某些實施例中,R105
為乙基。 化合物(B)可使用溴化劑且在酸存在下經溴化。在某些實施例中,溴化劑可包括例如溴或N-溴琥珀醯亞胺。在某些實施例中,溴化劑係N-溴琥珀醯亞胺。酸之實例可包括乙酸及對甲苯磺酸。在某些實施例中,酸係對甲苯磺酸。在某些實施例中,化合物(B)係使用N-溴琥珀醯亞胺及對甲苯磺酸來溴化。 在某些實施例中,化合物(B)可在溶劑存在或不存在下經溴化。在某些實施例中,溴化係在溶劑存在下實施。溶劑可包括例如四氫呋喃、N
,N
-二甲基甲醯胺、N
,N
-二甲基乙醯胺、N
-甲基-吡咯啶酮、二甲基亞碸、1,2-二甲氧基乙烷、1,4-二噁烷、乙腈、環戊基甲基醚、甲苯、苯、第三戊基醇、第三丁基醇、2-甲基四氫呋喃、乙酸乙酯、乙酸異丙酯、苯甲醚、三氟甲苯及任何其他適宜溶劑及其組合。在某些實施例中,溶劑係四氫呋喃。在某些實施例中,溶劑係乙腈。 在某些實施例中,化合物(B)可在溶劑不存在下經溴化,例如,可使化合物(B)在純乙酸中與溴反應以提供化合物(A)。 在某些實施例中,化合物(B)可在約20℃至約50℃之溫度下經溴化。在某些實施例中,化合物(B)係在約20℃至約25℃之溫度下經溴化。在某些實施例中,化合物(B)係在約25℃之溫度下經溴化。 在實施例中,使化合物(B)與N-溴琥珀醯亞胺在對甲苯磺酸存在下反應以獲得化合物(A)。 在實施例中,使化合物(B)與N-溴琥珀醯亞胺在對甲苯磺酸及四氫呋喃存在下反應以獲得化合物(A)。 在實施例中,使化合物(B)與N-溴琥珀醯亞胺在對甲苯磺酸及乙腈存在下反應以獲得化合物(A)。 在實施例中,使化合物(B)與N-溴琥珀醯亞胺在乙酸存在下反應以獲得化合物(A)。 在實施例中,使化合物(B)與N-溴琥珀醯亞胺在對甲苯磺酸及四氫呋喃存在下在約25℃下反應以獲得化合物(A)。 在實施例中,使化合物(B)與N-溴琥珀醯亞胺在對甲苯磺酸及乙腈存在下在約25℃下反應以獲得化合物(A)。 本發明化合物係使用Advanced Chemical Development之Name 2015命名演算法或作為CHEMDRAW® ULTRA v. 12.0.2.1076之一部分之Struct=Name命名演算法來命名。 本發明化合物可以其中存在不對稱或手性中心之立體異構物形式存在。該等立體異構物係「R
」或「S
」,此端視圍繞手性碳原子之取代基之構形而定。本文所用之術語「R
」及「S
」係如IUPAC 1974 Recommendations for Section E, Fundamental Stereochemistry, Pure Appl. Chem., 1976, 45: 13-30中所定義之構形。本發明涵蓋多種立體異構物及其混合物且該等明確包括在本發明之範疇內。立體異構物包括鏡像異構物及非鏡像異構物及鏡像異構物或非鏡像異構物之混合物。本發明化合物之個別立體異構物可自含有不對稱或手性中心之市售起始材料以合成方式製備,或藉由製備外消旋混合物、隨後進行熟習此項技術者所熟知之拆分來製備。該等拆分方法由以下各項例示:(1)將鏡像異構物之混合物附接至手性助劑,藉由重結晶或層析分離所得非鏡像異構物之混合物且視情況自助劑解離光學純產物,如Furniss、Hannaford、Smith及Tatchell, 「Vogel's Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry」,第5版(1989), Longman Scientific & Technical, Essex CM20 2JE, England中所述,或(2)在手性層析管柱上直接分離光學鏡像異構物之混合物,或(3)分步重結晶方法。 本發明化合物可以順式或反式異構物存在,其中環上之取代基可以一定方式附接以使其相對於彼此處於環之同一側(順式)或相對於彼此處於環之相對側(反式)。舉例而言,環丁烷可以順式或反式構形存在,且可以單一異構物或順式及反式異構物之混合物形式存在。本發明化合物之個別順式或反式異構物可使用選擇性有機轉變自市售起始材料以合成方式製備,或藉由純化順式及反式異構物之混合物以單一異構形式製備。該等方法為熟習此項技術者所熟知,且可包括藉由重結晶或層析分離異構物。 應理解,本發明化合物可具有互變異構形式以及幾何異構物,且該等亦構成本發明之態樣。 本發明包括所有醫藥上可接受之經同位素標記之式(I)化合物,其中一或多個原子經具有相同原子序但原子質量或質量數與在自然界中佔優勢之原子質量或質量數不同之原子替代。適於納入本發明化合物中之同位素之實例包括以下各項之同位素:氫(例如2
H及3
H)、碳(例如11
C、13
C及14
C)、氯(例如36
Cl)、氟(例如18
F)、碘(例如123
I及125
I)、氮(例如13
N及15
N)、氧(例如15
O、17
O及18
O)、磷(例如32
P)及硫(例如35
S)。某些經同位素標記之式(I)化合物(例如納入放射性同位素之彼等)可用於藥物及/或受質組織分佈研究中。放射性同位素氚(即3
H)及碳-14 (即14
C)因其易於納入且容易檢測而尤其可用於此目的。用較重同位素(例如氘,即2
H)取代可由於較高之代謝穩定性而提供某些治療優勢,例如,活體內半衰期增加或劑量需求減少,且因此在一些情況下可較佳。用正電子發射同位素(例如11
C、18
F、15
O及13
N)取代可在正電子發射斷層攝影術(PET)研究中用於檢查受質受體佔據情況。經同位素標記之式(I)化合物通常可藉由熟習此項技術者已知之習用技術或藉由與闡述於隨附實例中之彼等類似之製程使用適宜同位素標記試劑替代先前採用的未標記試劑製備。 因此,本說明書內之式圖示可僅代表可能的互變異構、幾何異構或立體異構形式中之一者。應理解,本發明涵蓋任一互變異構、幾何異構或立體異構形式及其混合物,且並不僅限於式圖示內所用之任一互變異構、幾何異構或立體異構形式。 實例性式(I)化合物包括(但不限於): 4-[2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-N
-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-I]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-[2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(3-羥戊-3-基)吡啶-3-基]-N
-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-[2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-N
-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-[2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(1-羥環戊-3-烯-1-基)吡啶-3-基]-N
-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-[2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(1-羥環戊-3-烯-1-基)苯基]-N
-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-[2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(1-羥環戊基)吡啶-3-基]-N
-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-[2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(1-羥基-1-苯基丙基)吡啶-3-基]-N
-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-[2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丁-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-N
-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-{2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-[1-(4-氟苯基)-1-羥丙基]吡啶-3-基}-N
-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-[2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(3-羥基-5-甲基己-3-基)吡啶-3-基]-N
-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-[5-(1-環戊基-1-羥丙基)-2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)吡啶-3-基]-N
-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-[5-(1-環丙基-1-羥丙基)-2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)吡啶-3-基]-N
-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-[2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(3-羥基-4-甲基己-3-基)吡啶-3-基]-N
-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-[2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(3-羥基-1-苯基戊-3-基)吡啶-3-基]-N
-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-{2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-[1-(4-氟苯基)-2-羥丁-2-基]吡啶-3-基}-N
-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-[2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(1-羥基-1-苯基乙基)吡啶-3-基]-N
-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-{2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-[1-(4-氟苯基)-1-羥乙基]吡啶-3-基}-N
-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-[2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥基-4-甲基戊-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-N
-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-[2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥基-3-甲基丁-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-N
-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-[2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥基-3-甲基戊-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-N
-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-[2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥基-4-苯基丁-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-N
-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-{2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-[1-(4-氟苯基)-2-羥丙-2-基]吡啶-3-基}-N
-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-{5-[環丙基(4-氟苯基)羥甲基]-2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)吡啶-3-基}-N
-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-{5-[環戊基(環丙基)羥甲基]-2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)吡啶-3-基}-N
-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-{5-[二環丙基(羥基)甲基]-2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)吡啶-3-基}-N
-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-[5-(1-環丙基-1-羥基-2-甲基丙基)-2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)吡啶-3-基]-N
-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-[5-(1-環丙基-1-羥基-2-甲基丁基)-2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)吡啶-3-基]-N
-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺;N
-乙基-4-{5-(2-羥丙-2-基)-2-[2-甲基-6-(三氟甲基)苯氧基]苯基}-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-[2-(2-氯-6-甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-N
-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-[2-(2-氯-6-甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-N
-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺;N
-第三丁基-4-[2-(2-氯-6-甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺;N
-第三丁基-4-[2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺;N
-第三丁基-4-[2',4'-二氟-4-(2-羥丙-2-基)[1,1'-聯苯]-2-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺;N
-(2,2-二氟-1-甲基環丙基)-4-[2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺;N
-乙基-4-[2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺;N
-第三丁基-4-[2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺;N
-第三丁基-4-[2-(2-氯-6-甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-[2-(2-氯-6-甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-N
-(1,1,1-三氟-2-甲基丙-2-基)-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-[2-(2-氯-6-甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-N
-(2,2-二氟-1-甲基環丙基)-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-{2-[2,6-二甲基-4-(甲基硫基)苯氧基]-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基}-N
-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-[2-(2-氯-6-甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-N
-(1,1,1-三氟-2-甲基丙-2-基)-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-[2-(2-氯-6-甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-N
-(2,2-二氟-1-甲基環丙基)-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺;N
-乙基-4-[2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺;N
-第三丁基-4-[2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺;N
-第三丁基-4-{5-(2-羥丙-2-基)-2-[2-甲基-6-(三氟甲基)苯氧基]吡啶-3-基}-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-{5-(2-羥丙-2-基)-2-[2-甲基-6-(三氟甲基)苯氧基]吡啶-3-基}-6-甲基-7-側氧基-N
-(1,1,1-三氟-2-甲基丙-2-基)-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺;N
-(2,2-二氟-1-甲基環丙基)-4-{5-(2-羥丙-2-基)-2-[2-甲基-6-(三氟甲基)苯氧基]吡啶-3-基}-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺;N
-乙基-4-{5-(2-羥丙-2-基)-2-[2-甲基-6-(三氟甲基)苯氧基]吡啶-3-基}-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-[2-(2-氯-4-氟-6-甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-N
-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺;N
-第三丁基-4-[2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺;N
-第三丁基-4-[2-(2-氯-4-氟-6-甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-[2-(2-氯-4-氟-6-甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-N
-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺;N
-第三丁基-4-[2-(2-氯-4-氟-6-甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺;N
-第三丁基-4-{5-(2-羥丙-2-基)-2-[2-甲基-6-(三氟甲基)苯氧基]苯基}-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-[2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-N
-(1,1,1-三氟-2-甲基丙-2-基)-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-[2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-N
-(1,1,1-三氟-2-甲基丙-2-基)-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-[2-(2-氯-4-氟-6-甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-N
-(1,1,1-三氟-2-甲基丙-2-基)-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-[2-(2-氯-4-氟-6-甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-N
-(1,1,1-三氟-2-甲基丙-2-基)-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-[2-(2-氯-4-氟-6-甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-N
-(2,2-二氟-1-甲基環丙基)-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺;N
-(2,2-二氟-1-甲基環丙基)-4-[2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺;N
-(2,2-二氟-1-甲基環丙基)-4-[2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-[2-(2-氯-4-氟-6-甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-N
-(2,2-二氟-1-甲基環丙基)-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺;N
-(二環[1.1.1]戊-1-基)-4-[2-(2-氯-6-甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-[2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-4-氟-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-N
-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺;N
-乙基-4-[4-氟-2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-[5-(1,2-二羥丙-2-基)-2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)苯基]-N
-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-[5-(2,4-二羥丁-2-基)-2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)苯基]-N
-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-{5-[(2R
)-1,2-二羥丙-2-基]-2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)苯基}-N
-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-{5-[(2S
)-1,2-二羥丙-2-基]-2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)苯基}-N
-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-{2-[2-(二氟甲基)-6-甲基苯氧基]-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基}-N
-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺;N
-第三丁基-4-{2-[2-(二氟甲基)-6-甲基苯氧基]-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基}-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-[2-(4-溴-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-N
-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-[2-(4-氰基-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-N
-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-{2-[(2,4-二甲基吡啶-3-基)氧基]-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基}-N
-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺;N
-(二環[1.1.1]戊-1-基)-4-[2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺;N
-第三丁基-4-[3-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-6-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-2-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-[3-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-6-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-2-基]-N
-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺;N
-乙基-4-[2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(1-氟-2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺;N
-乙基-4-[2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(1,1,1-三氟-2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺;N
-乙基-4-[2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(1,1,1,3,3,3-六氟-2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺;N
-乙基-4-[2-(2-氟-6-甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺;N
-(d 5
)乙基-4-[2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺;N
-乙基-4-[2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(1-氟-2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-[2-(4-氯-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-N
-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺;N
-乙基-4-{5-(2-羥丙-2-基)-2-[4-(甲烷磺醯基)-2,6-二甲基苯氧基]苯基}-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺;N
-乙基-4-[2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(1,1,1-三氟-2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺;N
-第三丁基-4-[2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(1-氟-2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-[2-(4-氯-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(1-氟-2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-N
-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-[2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-N
-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺;N
-第三丁基-4-{5-(2-羥丙-2-基)-2-[4-(甲烷磺醯基)-2,6-二甲基苯氧基]苯基}-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺;N
-乙基-4-[2-(3-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺;N
-第三丁基-4-{5-(2-羥丙-2-基)-2-[4-(甲烷磺醯基)-2,6-二甲基苯氧基]吡啶-3-基}-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺;N
-乙基-4-{5-(2-羥丙-2-基)-2-[4-(甲烷磺醯基)-2,6-二甲基苯氧基]吡啶-3-基}-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-[2-(4-氯-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-N
-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺;N
-第三丁基-4-[2-(4-氯-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺;N
-乙基-4-[3-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-6-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-2-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺;N
-第三丁基-4-[3-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-6-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-2-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-{2-[2-(二氟甲基)-4-氟-6-甲基苯氧基]-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基}-N
-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-[2-(3-氯-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-N
-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺;N
-第三丁基-4-[2-(2,6-二氯-4-氟苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-[2-(2,6-二氯-4-氟苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-N
-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-[2-(4-氯-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(1-氟-2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-N
-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺;N
-第三丁基-4-[2-(4-氯-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(1-氟-2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺;N
-乙基-4-[2-(3-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-[2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥基-4-甲基戊-2-基)苯基]-N
-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺;N
-第三丁基-4-[2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥基-4-甲基戊-2-基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺;N
-乙基-4-{5-(2-羥丙-2-基)-2-[4-(2-羥丙-2-基)-2,6-二甲基苯氧基]苯基}-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺;N
-第三丁基-4-{5-(2-羥丙-2-基)-2-[4-(2-羥丙-2-基)-2,6-二甲基苯氧基]苯基}-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-[2-(3-氯-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-N
-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺;N
-乙基-4-[4-(2-羥丙-2-基)-4'-(三氟甲氧基)[1,1'-聯苯]-2-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-[4',4'-二氟-4-(2-羥丙-2-基)[2',3',4',5'-四氫[1,1'-聯苯]]-2-基]-N
-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-[2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺;N
-乙基-4-[4-(2-羥丙-2-基)-4'-甲基[2',3',4',5'-四氫[1,1'-聯苯]]-2-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-[2-(環戊-1-烯-1-基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-N
-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-[2-(2-氯-6-甲基苯氧基)-5-(1,2-二羥丙-2-基)苯基]-N
-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺;N
-第三丁基-4-[2-(2-氯-6-甲基苯氧基)-5-(1,2-二羥丙-2-基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-[2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺;N
-第三丁基-4-[2-(2-氯-4-氟-6-甲基苯氧基)-5-(1,2-二羥丙-2-基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-[2-(2-氯-4-氟-6-甲基苯氧基)-5-(1,2-二羥丙-2-基)苯基]-N
-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺; 4-[2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-N
,6-二甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺;N
-環丙基-4-[2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺;N
-乙基-4-[2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(1-羥環丁基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺;及N
-乙基-4-[2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(3-羥氧雜環丁-3-基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H
-吡咯并[2,3-c
]吡啶-2-甲醯胺。 式(I)化合物可以醫藥上可接受之鹽之形式使用。片語「醫藥上可接受之鹽」意指彼等在合理醫學判斷之範疇內適用於接觸人類及較低級動物組織而無過度毒性、刺激、過敏反應及類似反應且與合理益處/風險比相稱之鹽。 醫藥上可接受之鹽已闡述於S. M. Berge等人,J. Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1977, 66: 1-19中。 式(I)化合物可含有鹼性或酸性官能基或二者,且在期望時可藉由使用適宜酸或鹼轉化成醫藥上可接受之鹽。該等鹽可在本發明化合物之最終分離及純化期間在原位製備。 酸加成鹽之實例包括(但不限於)乙酸鹽、己二酸鹽、海藻酸鹽、檸檬酸鹽、天門冬胺酸鹽、苯甲酸鹽、苯磺酸鹽、硫酸氫鹽、丁酸鹽、樟腦酸鹽、樟腦磺酸鹽、二葡萄糖酸鹽、甘油磷酸鹽、半硫酸鹽、庚酸鹽、已酸鹽、富馬酸鹽、鹽酸鹽、氫溴酸鹽、氫碘酸鹽、2-羥基乙烷磺酸鹽(異硫代羥酸鹽)、乳酸鹽、蘋果酸鹽、馬來酸鹽、甲烷磺酸鹽、菸鹼酸鹽、2-萘磺酸鹽、草酸鹽、棕櫚酸鹽、果膠酯酸鹽、過硫酸鹽、3-苯基丙酸鹽、苦味酸鹽、新戊酸鹽、丙酸鹽、琥珀酸鹽、酒石酸鹽、硫氰酸鹽、磷酸鹽、麩胺酸鹽、碳酸氫鹽、對甲苯磺酸鹽及十一烷酸鹽。另外,可使用諸如以下等試劑將鹼性含氮基團四級銨化:低碳數烷基鹵化物,例如(但不限於)甲基、乙基、丙基及丁基之氯化物、溴化物及碘化物;硫酸二烷基酯,例如硫酸二甲酯、硫酸二乙酯、硫酸二丁酯及硫酸二戊酯;長鏈鹵化物,例如(但不限於)癸基、月桂基、肉豆蔻基及硬脂基之氯化物、溴化物及碘化物;芳基烷基鹵化物,例如苄基及苯乙基之溴化物及其他。由此獲得水或油溶性或可分散產物。可用於形成醫藥上可接受之酸加成鹽之酸之實例包括無機酸(例如鹽酸、氫溴酸、硫酸及磷酸)及有機酸(例如乙酸、富馬酸、馬來酸、4-甲基苯磺酸、琥珀酸及檸檬酸)。 可在本發明化合物之最終分離及純化期間藉由使含羧酸之部分與適宜鹼(例如但不限於醫藥上可接受之金屬陽離子之氫氧化物、碳酸鹽或碳酸氫鹽)或與氨或有機一級胺、二級胺或三級胺反應在原位製備鹼加成鹽。醫藥上可接受之鹽包括(但不限於)基於鹼金屬或鹼土金屬之陽離子,例如(但不限於)鋰鹽、鈉鹽、鉀鹽、鈣鹽、鎂鹽及鋁鹽及諸如此類,及無毒四級氨及胺陽離子,包括銨、四甲基銨、四乙基銨、甲胺、二甲胺、三甲胺、三乙胺、二乙胺、乙胺及諸如此類。可用於形成鹼加成鹽之有機胺之其他實例包括乙二胺、乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、六氫吡啶、六氫吡嗪及諸如此類。 如本文所用之術語「醫藥上可接受之前藥」或「前藥」代表彼等在合理醫學判斷之範疇內適用於接觸人類及較低級動物組織而無過度毒性、刺激、過敏反應及類似反應、與合理益處/風險比相稱且可有效地用於其預期用途之本發明化合物之前藥。 本發明涵蓋藉由合成方式形成或藉由前藥之活體內生物轉變形成之式(I)化合物。 本文所述之化合物可以非溶合以及溶合形式(包含水合形式,例如半水合物)存在。一般而言,出於本發明之目的,與(尤其)醫藥上可接受之溶劑(例如水及乙醇)之溶合形式等效於非溶合形式。c. 一般合成
可例如經由方案1-9中所繪示之反應途徑來製備本文所述之化合物,包括通式(I)化合物及具體實例。除非另外註明,否則以下方案中所用之變量X1
、X2
、R1
、R2
、R3
、R4
、R5
、R6
、R4a
、R4b
、R4c
、R4d
及Y具有如[發明內容]及[實施方式]部分中所述之含義。 用於描述方案及具體實例之縮寫具有以下含義:DMF代表N,N
-二甲基甲醯胺,DMSO代表二甲基亞碸,psi代表磅/平方英吋,HPLC代表高效液相層析,且SFC代表超臨界流體層析。 方案1通式(I)化合物可藉由以下方式來製備:在鈴木偶合條件(N. Miyama及A. Suzuki, Chem. Rev. 1995, 95:2457-2483, J. Organomet. Chem. 1999, 576:147-148)下,使式(1)之酸或其衍生物(例如,頻哪醇酯) (其中R101
係酸或其衍生物(例如,頻哪醇酯))與式(2)化合物(其中R102
係鹵基(Cl、Br或I)或三氟甲磺酸酯)反應。舉例而言,偶合反應可在鈀觸媒及鹼存在下且視情況在配體存在下並在升高溫度(約60℃至約150℃)下於適宜溶劑中實施。可藉由微波輻照促進反應。鈀觸媒之實例包括(但不限於)四(三苯基膦)鈀(0)、參(二亞苄基丙酮)二鈀(0)、雙(三苯基膦)二氯化鈀(II)及乙酸鈀(II)。可採用之適宜鹼之實例包括(但不限於)鈉、鉀及銫之碳酸鹽或磷酸鹽及氟化銫。適宜配體之實例包括(但不限於) 1,3,5,7-四甲基-6-苯基-2,4,8-三氧雜-6-磷雜金剛烷、2-二環己基膦基-2′,4′,6′三異丙基聯苯(X-phos)及1,1'-雙(二苯基磷烷基)二茂鐵。適宜溶劑之非限制性實例包括甲醇、乙醇、二甲氧基乙烷、N,N-二甲基甲醯胺、二甲基亞碸、二噁烷、四氫呋喃、甲苯及水或其混合物。 可對式(1)化合物(其中R101
係鹵基(Cl、Br或I)或三氟甲磺酸酯)及式(2)化合物(其中R102
係酸或其衍生物(例如,頻哪醇酯))實施類似轉變。 方案2式(1)化合物可使用如方案2中所顯示之一般合成途徑來製備。在升高溫度下(例如在約60℃至約100℃下),在鹼不存在或存在下,且在溶劑(例如但不限於N,N
-二甲基甲醯胺)中,用1,1-二甲氧基-N,N-二甲基甲胺處理式(3)化合物(其中鹵基係Br、Cl或I),提供式(4)化合物。可採用之鹼之實例包括(但不限於)甲醇鋰或甲醇鈉。在觸媒(例如但不限於雷尼鎳(Raney-Nickel))存在下,並在氫氣氛(約30 psi)下,且在溶劑(例如但不限於乙酸乙酯)中,在約室溫下,催化氫化(4)通常提供式(5)化合物。用保護基團(PG) (例如但不限於苄基、對甲苯磺醯基及(三甲基矽基)乙氧基)甲基)保護氮原子可衍生自在強鹼(例如但不限於氫化鈉)存在下與適宜鹵化物之反應,以提供式(6)化合物。可藉由在鹼(例如但不限於二異丙基醯胺鋰)存在下與氯甲酸烷基酯反應達成(6)至(7)之轉化。在約40℃至約100℃下,且在溶劑(例如但不限於二噁烷或水)中,用酸(例如但不限於鹽酸或氫溴酸)處理(7),提供式(8)化合物。 在鹼(例如但不限於氫化鈉、碳酸銫或碳酸鉀)存在下,且在溶劑(例如但不限於N,N
-二甲基甲醯胺或二甲基亞碸)中,在約0℃至約50℃之溫度下,用碘甲烷烷基化(8),提供式(9)化合物。酯(9)之水解提供式(1)之酸。 可藉由在約室溫下,在催化量之N,N
-二甲基甲醯胺存在下,且在適宜溶劑(例如但不限於四氫呋喃或二氯甲烷)中,用草醯氯處理,使式(10)之酸轉變成適宜醯氯。可藉由在溶劑(例如但不限於四氫呋喃、N,N
-二甲基甲醯胺或二氯甲烷)中,在約室溫至約50℃之溫度下,視情況在鹼(例如但不限於三乙胺、N,N
-二異丙基乙胺或碳酸鉀)存在下,且視情況在觸媒(例如4-二甲基胺基吡啶)存在下,用式R1
NH2
之胺處理,使所得醯氯轉化成式(1)之醯胺,其中R101
係鹵基。 或者,可在溶劑(例如但不限於四氫呋喃或N,N
-二甲基甲醯胺)中,在偶合試劑(例如1,1’-羰基二咪唑(CDI)、雙(2-側氧基-3-噁唑啶基)氯化膦(BOPCl)、1,3-二環己基碳化二亞胺(DCC)、聚合物支撐之1,3-二環己基碳化二亞胺(PS-DCC)、O-(7-氮雜苯并三唑-1-基)-N,N,N’,N’-四甲基脲鎓六氟磷酸鹽(HATU)或O-苯并三唑-1-基-N,N,N’,N’-四甲基脲鎓四氟硼酸鹽(TBTU))存在下,在偶合助劑(例如但不限於1-羥基-7-氮雜苯并三唑(HOAT)或1-羥基苯并三唑水合物(HOBT))存在或不存在下,使式(10)之酸與式R1
NH2
之胺反應。該反應通常可在鹼(例如但不限於N-甲基嗎啉、三乙胺或N,N
-二異丙基乙胺)存在或不存在下實施。 用4,4,4',4',5,5,5',5'-八甲基-2,2'-二(1,3,2-二氧雜硼烷)處理式(1)化合物(其中R101
係鹵基)通常提供式(1)化合物(其中R101
係4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧雜硼烷-2-基)。一般而言,該轉化可由鈀觸媒(例如但不限於四(三苯基膦)鈀(0)、參(二亞苄基丙酮)二鈀(0)或乙酸鈀(II))、可選配體(例如但不限於2-二環己基膦基-2’,4’,6’-三異丙基聯苯、2-二環己基膦基-2′,4′,6′-三異丙基聯苯(X-phos)或1,1'-雙(二苯基磷烷基)二茂鐵)及鹼(例如但不限於鈉、鉀及銫之碳酸鹽、乙酸鹽或磷酸鹽;及氟化銫)促進。適宜溶劑之非限制性實例包括甲醇、二甲氧基乙烷、N,N-二甲基甲醯胺、二甲基亞碸、二噁烷、四氫呋喃及水或其混合物。 方案3通式(I)化合物(其中R4
係式(a))亦可藉由方案3中所顯示之途徑來製備。如上文所述,在鈴木偶合條件(N. Miyama及A. Suzuki, Chem. Rev. 1995, 95:2457-2483, J. Organomet. Chem. 1999, 576:147-148)下,使式(1) (其中R101
係酸或其衍生物(例如,頻哪醇酯))與式(11)化合物(其中R104
係鹵基(Cl、Br或I)或三氟甲磺酸酯)反應,以提供式(12)化合物。可藉由用適宜醇(12a)置換中間體(12)之氟原子來製備式(13)化合物。氟原子之置換可在溶劑(例如但不限於二甲基亞碸、二甲基甲醯胺、二噁烷、或四氫呋喃)中,且在鹼(例如但不限於銫、鉀或鈉之碳酸鹽或氫化鈉)存在下,並在約40℃至約120℃之溫度下實現。可藉由在溶劑(例如四氫呋喃、二醚醚或二噁烷)中在約環境溫度下,使式(13)化合物(其中R103
= R3
)與式R2
MgX之格任亞試劑(Grignard reagent)反應來製備式(14)化合物,其中R2
與R3
不同。可藉由在溶劑(例如四氫呋喃、二醚醚或二噁烷)中在約環境溫度下,使式(13)化合物(其中R103
= O烷基)與大於2當量之式R2
MgX格任亞試劑反應來製備式(14)化合物,其中R2
與R3
相同。 方案4通式(I)化合物(其中R4
係視情況經取代之苯基、視情況經取代之吡啶基或視情況經取代之C3
-C6
單環環烷基)可根據方案4來製備。使用方案3中所概述之反應條件,可自式(15)化合物製備醇(16)。如方案1中所述,在鈴木偶合條件(N. Miyama及A. Suzuki, Chem. Rev. 1995, 95:2457-2483, J. Organomet. Chem. 1999, 576:147-148)下,使式(16)化合物與式(1a)化合物反應,提供式(17)化合物。然後可自式(17)化合物藉由與式(18)化合物之後續鈴木偶合反應製備式(19)化合物。 方案5通式(I)化合物亦可根據方案5來製備。如方案2中所述,在交叉偶合條件下用4,4,4',4',5,5,5',5'-八甲基-2,2'-二(1,3,2-二氧雜硼烷)處理式(7)化合物通常提供式(20)化合物。如方案1中所述,在鈴木偶合條件(N. Miyama及A. Suzuki, Chem. Rev. 1995, 95:2457-2483, J. Organomet. Chem. 1999, 576:147-148)下,使式(20)化合物與式(2a)化合物反應,提供式(21)化合物。水解式(21)化合物之酯,同時去除保護基團(PG),提供式(22)化合物。可利用如方案2中所概述之反應條件使酸(22)轉化成相應式(I)醯胺。 方案6通式(2a)化合物可如方案7中所述來製備。可在熟習此項技術者已知之一般條件下酯化式(23)化合物以提供式(15a)化合物。可如方案3中所述藉由用醇置換中間體(15a)之Cl或F原子、如方案1中所述使(15a)與適宜酸或酯(或其衍生物)進行鈴木偶合來製備式(24)化合物,其中R4
係式(a)。使(24)與約2當量之式R3
MgX格任亞試劑反應提供式(2a)化合物,其中R2
與R3
相同。 水解酯(24)提供式(25)之酸,其可在溶劑(例如但不限於四氫呋喃或N,N
-二甲基甲醯胺)中,在偶合試劑(例如1,1’-羰基二咪唑(CDI)、雙(2-側氧基-3-噁唑啶基)氯化膦(BOPCl)、1,3-二環己基碳化二亞胺(DCC)、聚合物支撐之1,3-二環己基碳化二亞胺(PS-DCC)、O-(7-氮雜苯并三唑-1-基)-N,N,N’,N’-四甲基脲鎓六氟磷酸鹽(HATU)或O-苯并三唑-1-基-N,N,N’,N’-四甲基脲鎓四氟硼酸鹽(TBTU))存在下,在偶合助劑(例如但不限於1-羥基-7-氮雜苯并三唑(HOAT)或1-羥基苯并三唑水合物(HOBT))存在或不存在下,用N,O-二甲基羥基胺處理,以提供式(26)化合物。在溶劑(例如四氫呋喃、二醚醚或二噁烷)中在約環境溫度下,使式(26)化合物與式R3
MgX之格任亞試劑反應,提供式(27)化合物。在溶劑(例如四氫呋喃、二醚醚或二噁烷)中在約環境溫度下,使式(27)化合物與式R2
MgX之格任亞試劑反應,提供通式(2a)化合物。 方案7或者,通式(2a)化合物可如方案7中所述來製備。可使用如方案4中所述之反應條件達成(27)至化合物(28)之轉化。還原式(28)化合物之硝基提供式(29)之胺。可在桑德麥爾條件(Sandmeyer condition)下自化合物(29)製備通式(2a)化合物。 方案8或者,通式(2a)化合物(其中R2
係-CH2
OH)可如方案8中所述來製備。在溶劑(例如但不限於四氫呋喃或二噁烷)中,在鹼(例如但不限於正丁基鋰或氫化鈉)存在下,在介於約-20℃至環境溫度範圍內之溫度下,使式(27)化合物與威悌試劑(Wittig reagent) (例如甲基三苯基溴化鏻)反應,提供式(30)化合物。在溶劑組合(例如但不限於水及第三丁醇)中,在鹼(例如但不限於碳酸鉀或碳酸鈉)存在下,用諸如(但不限於)六氰鐵(III)酸鉀及鋨酸鉀水合物等試劑氧化式(30)化合物,提供式(31)化合物。 方案9中間體(7)亦可如方案9中所述藉由鹵化化合物(32)來製備。該反應可在鹵化劑(例如但不限於N-溴琥珀醯亞胺、N-碘琥珀醯亞胺或N-氯琥珀醯亞胺)、酸(例如但不限於對甲苯磺酸)及溶劑(例如但不限於四氫呋喃及乙腈)存在下實施。 可瞭解,如合成實例部分中所說明之合成方案及具體實例具有說明性且不應解讀為限制本發明之範疇,此乃因其定義於隨附申請專利範圍中。合成方法及具體實例之所有替代方式、修改及等效項皆包括在申請專利範圍之範疇內。 每一個別步驟之最佳反應條件及反應時間可端視所採用之特定反應物及所用反應物中存在之取代基而變化。除非另外指定,否則溶劑、溫度及其他反應條件皆可易於由熟習此項技術技術者加以選擇。具體程序提供於合成實例部分中。反應物可以習用方式(例如藉由自殘餘物消除溶劑)來處理,且根據業內通常已知之方法(例如但不限於結晶、蒸餾、萃取、研磨及層析)進一步純化。除非另外闡述,否則起始材料及試劑皆可在市面上購得或可由熟習此項技術者自市售材料使用化學文獻中所述之方法製備。 常規實驗(包括反應條件之適當操縱、合成途徑之試劑及順序、與反應條件不相容之任一化學官能基之保護及在方法之反應順序中之適宜時刻去保護)包括於本發明之範疇內。適宜保護基團及使用該等適宜保護基團對不同取代基保護及去保護之方法為熟習此項技術者所熟知;其實例可參見T. Greene及P. Wuts, Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis (第3版), John Wiley & Sons, NY (1999),其全部內容以引用方式併入本文中。本發明化合物之合成可藉由類似於彼等闡述於上述合成方案及具體實例中之方法來實現。 起始材料若非市售則可藉由選自以下之程序製備:標準有機化學技術、類似於已知結構類似化合物之合成之技術或類似於上述方案或闡述於合成實例部分中之程序之技術。 在需要化合物之光學活性形式時,其可藉由實施本文所述程序中之一者使用光學活性起始材料(例如藉由不對稱誘導適宜反應步驟製備)或藉由使用標準程序(例如層析分離、重結晶或酶拆分)拆分化合物或中間體之立體異構物之混合物來獲得。 類似地,當需要化合物之純幾何異構物時,其可藉由實施上述程序中之一者使用純幾何異構物作為起始材料或藉由使用標準程序(例如層析分離)拆分化合物或中間體之幾何異構物之混合物來製備。d. 醫藥組合物
在用作醫藥時,本發明化合物通常係以醫藥組合物形式投與。該組合物可以醫藥業內所熟知之方式製備,且包含治療有效量之單獨或與至少一種其他治療劑組合之式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽以及醫藥上可接受之載劑。片語「醫藥組合物」係指適於在醫學或獸醫應用中投與之組合物。 包含單獨或與至少一種其他治療劑組合之式(I)化合物之醫藥組合物可經口、經直腸、非經腸、經腦池內、經陰道內、經腹膜內、經局部(如藉由粉劑、軟膏或滴劑)、經頰或以經口或經鼻噴霧劑形式投與個體。如本文所用之術語「非經腸」係指包括靜脈內、肌內、腹膜內、胸骨內、皮下及關節內注射及輸注之投與模式。 如本文所用之術語「醫藥上可接受之載劑」意指無毒惰性固體、半固體或液體填充劑、稀釋劑、囊封材料或任一類型之調配物助劑。可用作醫藥上可接受之載劑之材料之一些實例係糖,例如(但不限於)乳糖、葡萄糖及蔗糖;澱粉,例如(但不限於)玉米澱粉及馬鈴薯澱粉;纖維素及其衍生物,例如(但不限於)羧甲基纖維素鈉、乙基纖維素及乙酸纖維素;粉末狀黃蓍膠;麥芽;明膠;滑石;賦形劑,例如(但不限於)可可油及栓劑蠟;油,例如(但不限於)花生油、棉籽油、紅花油、芝麻油、橄欖油、玉米油及大豆油;二醇,例如丙二醇;酯,例如(但不限於)油酸乙酯及月桂酸乙酯;瓊脂;緩衝劑,例如(但不限於)氫氧化鎂及氫氧化鋁;海藻酸;無致熱源水;等滲鹽水;林格氏溶液(Ringer’s solution);乙醇及磷酸鹽緩衝溶液;以及其他無毒相容性潤滑劑,例如(但不限於)月桂基硫酸鈉及硬脂酸鎂;以及著色劑、釋放劑、塗覆劑、甜味劑、矯味劑及芳香劑,根據調配者之判斷,防腐劑及抗氧化劑亦可存於組合物中。 非經腸注射之醫藥組合物包含醫藥上可接受之無菌水性或非水性溶液、分散液、懸浮液或乳液以及在即將使用之前重構成無菌可注射溶液或分散液之無菌粉末。適宜水性及非水性載劑、稀釋劑、溶劑或媒劑之實例包括水、乙醇、多元醇(例如甘油、丙二醇、聚乙二醇及諸如此類)、植物油(例如橄欖油)、可注射有機酯(例如油酸乙酯)及其適宜混合物。舉例而言,可藉由使用諸如卵磷脂等包覆材料、藉由維持所需粒徑(在分散液情況下)及藉由使用表面活性劑來維持適當流動性。 該等組合物亦可含有佐劑,例如防腐劑、潤濕劑、乳化劑及分散劑。可藉由納入各種抗細菌及抗真菌劑來確保微生物作用之預防,該等抗細菌及抗真菌劑係例如對羥基苯甲酸、氯丁醇、苯酚山梨酸及諸如此類。亦可期望納入等滲劑,例如糖、氯化鈉及諸如此類。可藉由納入延遲吸收之藥劑(例如單硬脂酸鋁及明膠)來達成可注射醫藥形式之延長吸收。 在一些情形下,為延長藥物之效應,可能期望減緩藥物自皮下或肌內注射之吸收。此可藉由使用具有較差水溶性之結晶或非晶形材料之液體懸浮液來實現。因此,藥物吸收速率取決於其溶解速率,而溶解速率進而可取決於晶體大小及結晶形式。另一選擇為,非經腸投與之藥物形式之延遲吸收可藉由將該藥物溶解或懸浮於油性媒劑中來實現。 藉由在生物可降解聚合物(例如聚交酯-聚乙醇酸交酯)中形成藥物之微囊封基質來製備可注射儲積形式。端視藥物對聚合物之比率及所用特定聚合物之性質,可控制藥物釋放速率。其他生物可降解聚合物之實例包括聚(原酸酯)及聚(酸酐)。儲積可注射調配物亦係藉由將藥物包裹於與身體組織相容之脂質體或微乳液中來製備。 舉例而言,可藉由細菌截留過濾器過濾或藉由納入滅菌劑對可注射調配物滅菌,該等滅菌劑呈可在即將使用之前溶解或分散於無菌水或其他無菌可注射介質中之無菌固體組合物形式。 用於經口投與之固體劑型包括膠囊、錠劑、丸劑、粉劑及顆粒。在某些實施例中,固體劑型可含有1% (w/w)至95%之式I化合物。在某些實施例中,式I化合物可以5% (w/w)至70%之範圍存在於固體劑型中。在該等固體劑型中,活性化合物可與至少一種醫藥上可接受之惰性賦形劑或載劑(例如檸檬酸鈉或磷酸二鈣)及/或以下物質混合:a)填充劑或擴充劑,例如澱粉、乳糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、甘露醇及矽酸,b)黏合劑,例如羧甲基纖維素、海藻酸鹽、明膠、聚乙烯基吡咯啶酮、蔗糖及阿拉伯膠,c)保濕劑,例如甘油,d)崩解劑,例如瓊脂、碳酸鈣、馬鈴薯或木薯澱粉、海藻酸、某些矽酸鹽及碳酸鈉,e)溶液阻滯劑,例如石蠟,f)吸收促進劑,例如四級銨化合物,g)潤濕劑,例如鯨蠟醇及甘油單硬脂酸酯,h)吸收劑,例如高嶺土及膨潤土,及i)潤滑劑,例如滑石、硬脂酸鈣、硬脂酸鎂、固體聚乙二醇、月桂基硫酸鈉及其混合物。在膠囊、錠劑及丸劑之情形下,劑型亦可包含緩衝劑。 醫藥組合物可為單位劑型。在該形式中,將製劑細分成含有適當量活性組份之單位劑量。單位劑型可為封裝製劑,該封裝含有離散量之製劑,例如小包錠劑、膠囊及小瓶或安瓿(ampule)中之粉末。另外,單位劑型可為膠囊、錠劑、扁囊劑或菱形錠劑自身,或其可為適當數量之該等封裝形式中之任一者。根據特定應用及活性組份之效能,單位劑量製劑中之活性組份量可自0.1 mg至1000 mg、1 mg至100 mg或1%至95% (w/w)之單位劑量變化或調節。若需要,組合物亦可含有其他相容性治療劑。 可根據所採用特定化合物之效能及個體之病況以及欲治療個體之體重或表面積來確定欲投與個體之劑量。劑量大小亦可由伴隨在特定個體中投與特定化合物出現之任何不良副作用之存在、性質及程度來確定。在確定用於治療或預防所治療病症之欲投與化合物之有效量時,醫師可評估諸如以下等因素:化合物之循環血漿含量、化合物毒性及/或疾病進展等。一般而言,典型個體之化合物劑量當量為約1 µg/kg至100 mg/kg。 對於投與而言,式(I)化合物可以由多種因素確定之速率來投與,該等因素可包括(但不限於)化合物之LD50
、化合物之藥物動力學特徵、禁忌藥物及化合物在如適用於個體之質量及總體健康狀況之各種濃度下之副作用。投與可經由單一或分開劑量來實現。 用於本發明之醫藥方法中之化合物可以約0.001 mg/kg至約100 mg/kg之初始日劑量投與。在某些實施例中,日劑量範圍為約0.1 mg/kg至約10 mg/kg。然而,劑量可端視個體之需求、所治療病況之嚴重程度及所採用之化合物而變化。確定特定情況之適當劑量在從業人員之能力範圍內。使用小於該化合物之最佳劑量之較小劑量開始治療。此後,以小增量增加劑量直至達到各情況下之最佳效應。為便利起見,若需要,可將總日劑量分成多個部分且每天分多次投與。 在使用諸如乳糖(lactose或milk sugar)以及高分子量聚乙二醇及諸如此類等載劑之軟質及硬質填充明膠膠囊中,亦可採用相似類型之固體組合物作為填充劑。 固體劑型之錠劑、糖衣藥丸、膠囊、丸劑及顆粒可使用諸如腸溶包衣及醫藥調配業內所熟知之其他包衣等包衣及包殼製備。其可視情況含有遮光劑且亦可為視情況以延遲方式僅或優先在腸道之某一部分中釋放活性成分之組合物。可用包埋組合物之實例包括聚合物質及蠟。 若合適,則活性化合物亦可呈含有一或多種上文所提及載劑之微囊封形式。 經口投與之液體劑型包括醫藥上可接受之乳液、溶液、懸浮液、糖漿及酏劑。除活性化合物外,液體劑型可含有業內常用之惰性稀釋劑(例如水或其他溶劑)、增溶劑及乳化劑,例如乙醇、異丙醇、碳酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、苯甲醇、苯甲酸苄基酯、丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、二甲基甲醯胺、油(尤其棉籽油、花生油、玉米油、胚芽油、橄欖油、蓖麻油及芝麻油)、甘油、四氫糠醇、聚乙二醇及山梨醇酐之脂肪酸酯及其混合物。 除惰性稀釋劑外,經口組合物亦可包括佐劑,例如潤濕劑、乳化及懸浮劑、甜味劑、矯味劑及芳香劑。 除活性化合物外,懸浮液可含有懸浮劑,例如乙氧基化異硬脂醇、聚氧乙烯山梨醇及山梨醇酐酯、微晶纖維素、偏氫氧化鋁、膨潤土、瓊脂、黃蓍膠及其混合物。 用於直腸或陰道投與之組合物較佳為栓劑,其可藉由混合本發明化合物與適宜無刺激性載劑(例如可可油、聚乙二醇或栓劑蠟)來製備,該等載劑在室溫下為固體但在體溫下為液體,且因此其可在直腸或陰道腔中融化並釋放活性化合物。 式(I)化合物亦可以脂質體形式投與。脂質體通常可衍生自磷脂或其他脂質物質。脂質體可藉由分散於水性介質中之單層或多層水合液晶形成。可使用任何能夠形成脂質體之生理上可接受且可代謝之無毒脂質。除式(I)化合物外,呈脂質體形式之本發明組合物可含有穩定劑、防腐劑、賦形劑及諸如此類。脂質之實例包括(但不限於)單獨或一起使用之天然及合成磷脂及磷酯醯膽鹼(卵磷脂)。 已闡述形成脂質體之方法,例如參見Prescott編輯,Methods in Cell Biology,第XIV卷,Academic Press, New York, N.Y. (l976),第33頁(見下文)。 用於局部投與本文所述化合物之劑型包括粉劑、噴霧劑、軟膏及吸入劑。活性化合物可在無菌條件下與醫藥上可接受之載劑及可能需要之任何所需防腐劑、緩衝劑或推進劑混合。眼用調配物、眼用軟膏、粉劑及溶液亦涵蓋於本發明之範疇內。e. 使用方法
可將式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽及包含式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽之醫藥組合物投與患有溴域介導之病症或病況的個體。術語「投與」係指使化合物與個體接觸之方法。因此,可藉由注射(亦即靜脈內、肌內、皮內、皮下、十二指腸內、非經腸或腹膜內)投與式(I)化合物。另外,可藉由吸入(例如鼻內)投與本文所述之化合物。另外,可經皮、經局部、經由植入及經皮投與式(I)化合物。在某些實施例中,可經口遞送式(I)化合物。亦可經直腸、經頰、經陰道內、經眼、經耳或藉由吹入遞送化合物。可以預防性方式、急性方式及慢性方式使用式(I)化合物來治療溴域介導之病症及病況,此端視該病症或病況之性質而定。通常,該等方法中之每一者中之宿主或個體係人類,但其他哺乳動物亦可自投與式(I)化合物受益。 「溴域介導之病症或病況」之特徵在於一或多個溴域(例如BRD4)參與一或多種症狀或疾病標記物之開始、呈現、病症或病況之嚴重程度或進展。因此,本發明提供治療癌症之方法,該癌症包括(但不限於)聽神經瘤、急性白血病、急性淋巴球性白血病、急性骨髓細胞性白血病(單核球性白血病、骨髓母細胞性白血病、腺癌、血管肉瘤、星形細胞瘤、骨髓單核球性白血病及前骨髓細胞性白血病)、急性t細胞白血病、基底細胞癌、膽管癌、膀胱癌、腦癌、乳癌、支氣管癌、子宮頸癌、軟骨肉瘤、脊索瘤、絨毛膜癌、慢性白血病、慢性淋巴球性白血病、慢性骨髓細胞(粒細胞)性白血病、慢性骨髓性白血病、結腸癌、結腸直腸癌、顱咽管瘤、囊腺癌、瀰漫性大B細胞淋巴瘤、不良增生性變化(發育不良及化生)、胚胎性癌、子宮內膜癌、內皮肉瘤、室管膜瘤、上皮癌、紅白血病、食道癌、雄激素受體陽性乳癌、自發性血小板增多、尤文氏腫瘤、纖維肉瘤、濾泡性淋巴瘤、生殖細胞睪丸癌、神經膠質瘤、神經膠質母細胞瘤、神經膠質肉瘤、重鏈疾病、血管母細胞瘤、肝細胞瘤、肝細胞癌、激素不敏感前列腺癌、平滑肌肉瘤、白血病、脂肪肉瘤、肺癌、淋巴管內皮肉瘤、淋巴管肉瘤、淋巴球母細胞性白血病、淋巴瘤(何傑金氏淋巴瘤及非何傑金氏淋巴瘤)、膀胱、乳房、結腸、肺、卵巢、胰臟、前列腺、皮膚及子宮之惡性腫瘤及過度增生性病症、T細胞或B細胞源淋巴惡性病、白血病、淋巴瘤、髓樣癌、髓母細胞瘤、黑色素瘤、腦膜瘤、間皮瘤、多發性骨髓瘤、骨髓性白血病、骨髓瘤、黏液肉瘤、神經母細胞瘤、NUT中線癌(NMC)、非小細胞肺癌、寡樹突神經膠細胞瘤、口癌、骨原性肉瘤、卵巢癌、胰臟癌、乳頭狀腺癌、乳頭狀癌、松果體瘤、真性紅血球增多症、前列腺癌、直腸癌、腎細胞癌、視網膜母細胞瘤、橫紋肌肉瘤、肉瘤、皮脂腺癌、精原細胞瘤、皮膚癌、小細胞肺癌(small cell lung carcinoma)、實體腫瘤(癌及肉瘤)、小細胞肺癌(small cell lung cancer)、胃癌、鱗狀細胞癌、滑膜瘤、汗腺癌、甲狀腺癌、瓦登斯特隆巨球蛋白血症、睪丸腫瘤、子宮癌及威爾姆氏腫瘤。該方法包含以下步驟:在使用或不使用醫藥上可接受之載劑下向有需要之個體投與治療有效量之式(I)化合物或其較佳實施例。 本發明進一步提供治療發炎性疾病、發炎性病況及自體免疫疾病之方法,該等疾病包括(但不限於):愛迪生氏病、急性痛風、強直性脊柱炎、氣喘、動脈粥樣硬化、貝切特氏病、大皰性皮膚病、慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)、克羅恩氏病、皮膚炎、濕疹、巨細胞動脈炎、腎小球腎炎、肝炎、垂體炎、發炎性腸病、川崎病、狼瘡腎炎、多發性硬化、心肌炎、肌炎、腎炎、器官移植排斥、骨關節炎、胰臟炎、心包炎、結節性多動脈炎、肺炎、原發性膽汁性肝硬化、牛皮癬、牛皮癬性關節炎、類風濕性關節炎、鞏膜炎、硬化性膽管炎、敗血症、全身性紅斑狼瘡、高安氏動脈炎、中毒性休克、甲狀腺炎、I型糖尿病、潰瘍性結腸炎、葡萄膜炎、白斑病、血管炎及韋格納氏肉芽腫病。該方法包含以下步驟:在使用或不使用醫藥上可接受之載劑下向有需要之個體投與治療有效量之式(I)化合物或其較佳實施例。 本發明進一步提供治療以下疾病之方法:糖尿病性腎病變、高血壓性腎病變、HIV相關性腎病變、腎小球腎炎、狼瘡腎炎、IgA腎病變、局灶性節段性腎小球硬化症、膜性腎小球腎炎、微小改變疾病、多囊性腎病或小管間質性腎炎。該方法包含以下步驟:在使用或不使用醫藥上可接受之載劑下向有需要之個體投與治療有效量之式(I)化合物或其較佳實施例。 本發明進一步提供治療急性腎損傷或疾病或病況之方法,其中該急性腎損傷或疾病或病況選自由以下組成之群:缺血再灌注誘導性腎病、心臟及大手術誘導性腎病、經皮冠狀動脈介入誘導性腎病、放射性造影劑誘導性腎病、敗血症誘導性腎病、肺炎誘導性腎病及藥物毒性誘導性腎病。該方法包含以下步驟:在使用或不使用醫藥上可接受之載劑下向有需要之個體投與治療有效量之式(I)化合物或其較佳實施例。 本發明進一步提供治療慢性腎疾病或病況之方法,其中該疾病或病況選自由以下組成之群:糖尿病性腎病變、高血壓性腎病變、HIV相關性腎病變、腎小球腎炎、狼瘡腎炎、IgA腎病變、局灶性節段性腎小球硬化症、膜性腎小球腎炎、微小改變疾病、多囊性腎病及小管間質性腎炎。該方法包含以下步驟:在使用或不使用醫藥上可接受之載劑下向有需要之個體投與治療有效量之式(I)化合物或其較佳實施例。 本發明進一步提供治療AIDS之方法。該方法包含以下步驟:在使用或不使用醫藥上可接受之載劑下向有需要之個體投與治療有效量之式(I)化合物或其較佳實施例。 在另一實施例中,本發明提供本發明化合物或包含本發明化合物之醫藥組合物,其用於醫學中。在特定實施例中,本發明提供本發明化合物或包含本發明化合物之醫藥組合物,其用於治療如上文所述之疾病或病症。 一實施例係關於式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽之用途,其用於製備藥劑。該藥劑視情況可包含至少一種其他治療劑。在一些實施例中,藥劑用於治療如上文所述之疾病及病症。 本發明亦係關於式(I)化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽之用途,其用於製造用來治療如上文所述疾病及病症之藥劑。該藥劑視情況可包含至少一種其他治療劑。 式(I)化合物可作為單一活性藥劑投與或其可與其他治療劑共投與,該等其他治療劑包括展示相同或相似治療活性且經確定可安全有效地進行該組合投與之其他化合物。術語「共投與」意指投與兩種或更多種不同的治療劑或治療(例如輻射治療),該等不同治療劑或治療係以單一醫藥組合物或以單獨醫藥組合物投與個體。因此,共投與涉及同時投與包含兩種或更多種不同治療劑之單一醫藥組合物或在相同或不同時間向同一個體投與兩種或更多種不同組合物。 本發明化合物可與治療有效量之至少一種其他治療劑共投與來治療癌症,其中該等治療劑之實例包括例如輻射、烷基化劑、血管生成抑制劑、抗體、抗代謝物、抗有絲分裂劑、抗增生劑、抗病毒劑、極光激酶抑制劑(aurora kinase inhibitor)、細胞凋亡促進劑(例如Bcl-xL、Bcl-w及Bfl-1)抑制劑、死亡受體路徑之活化劑、Bcr-Abl激酶抑制劑、BiTE (雙特異性T細胞銜接物(Engager))抗體、抗體藥物偶聯物、生物反應改質劑、細胞週期調節蛋白依賴性激酶抑制劑、細胞週期抑制劑、環氧合酶-2抑制劑、DVD (雙重可變域抗體)、白血病病毒致癌基因同系物(ErbB2)受體抑制劑、生長因子抑制劑、熱休克蛋白(HSP)-90抑制劑、組蛋白去乙醯酶(HDAC)抑制劑、激素療法、免疫劑、細胞凋亡蛋白抑制劑(IAP)之抑制劑、嵌入抗生素、激酶抑制劑、驅動蛋白抑制劑、Jak2抑制劑、哺乳動物雷帕黴素(rapamycin)靶抑制劑、微小RNA之促分裂原活化之細胞外信號調控激酶抑制劑、多價結合蛋白、非類固醇消炎藥(NSAID)、聚ADP (二磷酸腺苷)-核糖聚合酶(PARP)抑制劑、鉑化學治療劑、polo樣激酶(Plk)抑制劑、磷酸肌醇-3激酶(溴域)抑制劑、蛋白體抑制劑、嘌呤類似物、嘧啶類似物、受體酪胺酸激酶抑制劑、retinoids/類維生素D (deltoids)植物生物鹼、小抑制核糖核酸(siRNA)、拓樸異構酶抑制劑、泛素連接酶抑制劑及諸如此類及與該等藥劑中至少一者之組合。 BiTE抗體係藉由同時結合兩種細胞而引導T細胞攻擊癌細胞之雙特異性抗體。T細胞隨後攻擊靶癌細胞。BiTE抗體之實例包括阿德木單抗(adecatumumab) (Micromet MT201)、布理莫單抗(blinatumomab) (Micromet MT103)及諸如此類。不受限於理論,T細胞引發靶癌細胞細胞凋亡之一種機制係溶細胞顆粒組份(其包括穿孔蛋白及顆粒酶B)之胞吐作用。就此而言,已顯示Bcl-2可減弱穿孔蛋白及顆粒酶B二者對細胞凋亡之誘導。該等數據表明抑制Bcl-2可增強T細胞在靶向癌細胞時引發之細胞毒性效應(V.R. Sutton, D.L. Vaux及J.A. Trapani,J. of Immunology
1997, 158 (12), 5783)。 SiRNA係具有內源性RNA鹼基或化學修飾核苷酸之分子。修飾不會消除細胞活性,而是賦予增加的穩定性及/或增加的細胞效能。化學修飾之實例包括硫代磷酸酯基團、2'-去氧核苷酸、含有2'-OCH3
之核糖核苷酸、2'-F-核糖核苷酸、2'-甲氧基乙基核糖核苷酸、其組合及諸如此類。SiRNA可具有不同長度(例如,10-200 bp)及結構(例如,髮夾、單股/雙股、凸起、凹痕/空隙、失配)且可在細胞中經處理以提供活性基因沉默。雙股siRNA (dsRNA)可在每一股(鈍端)或不對稱端(突出端)上具有相同數量之核苷酸。1至2個核苷酸之突出端可存在於有義股及/或反義股上,亦可存在於給定股之5'末端及/或3'末端。 多價結合蛋白係包含兩個或更多個抗原結合位點之結合蛋白。多價結合蛋白經改造成具有三個或更多個抗原結合位點且通常為非天然抗體。術語「多特異性結合蛋白」意指能夠結合兩個或更多個相關或不相關靶之結合蛋白。雙重可變域(DVD)結合蛋白係結合包含兩個或更多個抗原結合位點之蛋白質之四價或多價結合蛋白。該等DVD可具有單特異性(即,能夠結合一種抗原)或多特異性(即,能夠結合兩種或更多種抗原)。包含兩條重鏈DVD多肽及兩條輕鏈DVD多肽之DVD結合蛋白稱為DVD Ig。DVD Ig之每一半包含重鏈DVD多肽、輕鏈DVD多肽及兩個抗原結合位點。每一結合位點包含重鏈可變域及輕鏈可變域,每個抗原結合位點具有總共6個參與抗原結合之CDR。多特異性DVD包括結合DLL4及VEGF或C-met及EFGR或ErbB3及EGFR之DVD結合蛋白。 烷基化劑包括六甲蜜胺(altretamine)、AMD-473、AP-5280、阿帕茲醌(apaziquone)、苯達莫司汀(bendamustine)、布羅他辛(brostallicin)、白消安(busulfan)、卡波醌(carboquone)、卡莫司汀(carmustine) (BCNU)、苯丁酸氮芥(chlorambucil)、CLORETAZINE®
(拉羅司汀(laromustine)、VNP 40101M)、環磷醯胺、達卡巴嗪(decarbazine)、雌莫司汀(estramustine)、福莫司汀(fotemustine)、葡磷醯胺(glufosfamide)、異環磷醯胺(ifosfamide)、KW-2170、洛莫司汀(lomustine) (CCNU)、馬磷醯胺(mafosfamide)、美法侖(melphalan)、二溴甘露醇(mitobronitol)、二溴衛矛醇(mitolactol)、尼莫司汀(nimustine)、氮芥N-氧化物、雷莫司汀(ranimustine)、替莫唑胺(temozolomide)、噻替哌(thiotepa)、TREANDA®
(苯達莫司汀)、曲奧舒凡(treosulfan)、曲磷胺(rofosfamide )及諸如此類。 血管生成抑制劑包括內皮特異性受體酪胺酸激酶(Tie-2)抑制劑、表皮生長因子受體(EGFR)抑制劑、胰島素生長因子-2受體(IGFR-2)抑制劑、基質金屬蛋白酶-2 (MMP-2)抑制劑、基質金屬蛋白酶-9 (MMP-9)抑制劑、血小板源性生長因子受體(PDGFR)抑制劑、凝血酶敏感蛋白類似物、血管內皮生長因子受體酪胺酸激酶(VEGFR)抑制劑及諸如此類。 抗代謝物包括ALIMTA®
(培美曲塞二鈉(pemetrexed disodium)、LY231514、MTA)、5-阿紮胞苷(5-azacitidine)、XELODA®
(卡培他濱(capecitabine))、卡莫氟(carmofur)、LEUSTAT®
(克拉屈濱(cladribine))、氯苯吩嗪(clofarabine)、阿糖胞苷、阿糖胞苷十八烷基磷酸鹽、胞嘧啶阿拉伯糖苷、地西他濱(decitabine)、去鐵胺(deferoxamine)、去氧氟尿苷(doxifluridine)、依氟鳥胺酸(eflornithine)、EICAR (5-乙炔基-1-β-D-核糖呋喃基咪唑-4-甲醯胺)、依諾他濱(enocitabine)、乙炔基胞苷(ethnylcytidine)、氟達拉濱(fludarabine)、單獨或與甲醯四氫葉酸(leucovorin)組合之5-氟尿嘧啶、GEMZAR®
(吉西他濱(gemcitabine))、羥基脲(hydroxyurea)、ALKERAN®
(美法侖)、巰基嘌呤、6-巰基嘌呤核苷、胺甲喋呤(methotrexate)、黴酚酸(mycophenolic acid)、耐拉濱(nelarabine)、諾拉曲塞(nolatrexed)、十八烷基磷酸鹽、培裡克松(pelitrexol)、噴司他丁(pentostatin)、雷替曲塞(raltitrexed)、利巴韋林(Ribavirin)、特那平(triapine)、曲美沙特(trimetrexate)、S-1、噻唑呋林(tiazofurin)、替加氟(tegafur)、TS-1、阿糖腺苷(vidarabine)、UFT及諸如此類。 抗病毒劑包括利托那韋(ritonavir)、羥氯喹(hydroxychloroquine)及諸如此類。 極光激酶抑制劑包括ABT-348、AZD-1152、MLN-8054、VX-680、極光A特異性激酶抑制劑、極光B特異性激酶抑制劑及泛極光激酶抑制劑及諸如此類。 Bcl-2蛋白抑制劑包括AT-101 ((-)棉酚(gossypol))、GENASENSE®
(G3139或奧利默森(oblimersen) (Bcl-2-靶向反義寡核苷酸))、IPI-194、IPI-565、N-(4-(4-((4'-氯(1,1'-聯苯)-2-基)甲基)六氫吡嗪-1-基)苯甲醯基)-4-(((1R)-3-(二甲基胺基)-1-((苯基硫烷基)甲基)丙基)胺基)-3-硝基苯磺醯胺) (ABT-737)、N-(4-(4-((2-(4-氯苯基)-5,5-二甲基-1-環己-1-烯-1-基)甲基)六氫吡嗪-1-基)苯甲醯基)-4-(((1R)-3-(嗎啉-4-基)-1-((苯基硫烷基)甲基)丙基)胺基)-3-((三氟甲基)磺醯基)苯磺醯胺(ABT-263)、GX-070 (奧巴克拉(obatoclax))及諸如此類。 Bcr-Abl激酶抑制劑包括DASATINIB®
(BMS-354825)、GLEEVEC®
(伊馬替尼(imatinib))及諸如此類。 CDK抑制劑包括AZD-5438、BMI-1040、BMS-032、BMS-387、CVT-2584、黃酮吡多(flavopyridol)、GPC-286199、MCS-5A、PD0332991、PHA-690509、塞利西利(seliciclib) (CYC-202、R-羅克韋汀(R-roscovitine))、ZK-304709及諸如此類。 COX-2抑制劑包括ABT-963、ARCOXIA®
(依託考昔(etoricoxib))、BEXTRA®
(伐地考昔(valdecoxib))、BMS347070、CELEBREX®
(塞來考昔(celecoxib))、COX-189 (魯米考昔(lumiracoxib))、CT-3、DERAMAXX®
(地拉考昔(deracoxib))、JTE-522、4-甲基-2-(3,4-二甲基苯基)-1-(4-胺磺醯基苯基-1H
-吡咯)、MK-663 (依託考昔)、NS-398、帕瑞考昔(parecoxib)、RS-57067、SC-58125、SD-8381、SVT-2016、S-2474、T-614、VIOXX®
(羅非考昔(rofecoxib))及諸如此類。 EGFR抑制劑包括EGFR抗體、ABX-EGF、抗-EGFR免疫脂質體、EGF-疫苗、EMD-7200、ERBITUX®
(西土西單抗(cetuximab))、HR3、IgA抗體、IRESSA®
(吉非替尼(gefitinib))、TARCEVA®
(埃羅替尼(erlotinib)或OSI-774)、TP-38、EGFR融合蛋白、TYKERB®
(拉帕替尼(lapatinib))及諸如此類。 ErbB2受體抑制劑包括CP-724-714、CI-1033 (卡納替尼(canertinib))、HERCEPTIN®
(曲妥珠單抗(trastuzumab))、TYKERB®
(拉帕替尼)、OMNITARG®
(2C4、帕妥珠單抗(petuzumab))、TAK-165、GW-572016 (洛那法尼(ionafarnib))、GW-282974、EKB-569、PI-166、dHER2 (HER2疫苗)、APC-8024 (HER-2疫苗)、抗-HER/2neu雙特異性抗體、B7.her2IgG3、AS HER2三功能雙特異性抗體、mAB AR-209、mAB 2B-1及諸如此類。 組蛋白去乙醯酶抑制劑包括縮肽、LAQ-824、MS-275、曲普辛(trapoxin)、辛二醯基苯胺異羥肟酸(SAHA)、TSA、丙戊酸及諸如此類。 HSP-90抑制劑包括17-AAG-nab、17-AAG、CNF-101、CNF-1010、CNF-2024、17-DMAG、格爾德黴素(geldanamycin)、IPI-504、KOS-953、MYCOGRAB®
(針對HSP-90之人類重組抗體)、NCS-683664、PU24FCl、PU-3、根赤殼菌素(radicicol)、SNX-2112、STA-9090 VER49009及諸如此類。 細胞凋亡蛋白抑制劑之抑制劑包括HGS-1029、GDC-0145、GDC-0152、LCL-161、LBW-242及諸如此類。 抗體藥物偶聯物包括抗-CD22-MC-MMAF、抗-CD22-MC-MMAE、抗-CD22-MCC-DM1、CR-011-vcMMAE、PSMA-ADC、MEDI-547、SGN-19Am SGN-35、SGN-75及諸如此類。 死亡受體路徑之活化劑包括TRAIL、靶向TRAIL或死亡受體(例如DR4及DR5)之抗體或其他藥劑,例如阿普單抗(Apomab)、考那木單抗(conatumumab)、ETR2-ST01、GDC0145 (來沙木單抗(lexatumumab))、HGS-1029、LBY-135、PRO-1762及曲妥珠單抗。 驅動蛋白抑制劑包括Eg5抑制劑,例如AZD4877、ARRY-520;CENPE抑制劑,例如GSK923295A及諸如此類。 JAK-2抑制劑包括CEP-701 (來他替尼(lesaurtinib))、XL019及INCB018424及諸如此類。 MEK抑制劑包括ARRY-142886、ARRY-438162、PD-325901、PD-98059及諸如此類。 mTOR抑制劑包括AP-23573、CCI-779、依維莫司(everolimus)、RAD-001、雷帕黴素、替西羅莫司(temsirolimus)、ATP競爭性TORC1/TORC2抑制劑(包括PI-103、PP242、PP30、Torin 1)及諸如此類。 非類固醇消炎藥包括AMIGESIC®
(雙水楊酯)、DOLOBID®
(雙氟尼酸(diflunisal))、MOTRIN®
(布洛芬(ibuprofen))、ORUDIS®
(酮洛芬(ketoprofen))、RELAFEN®
(萘丁美酮(nabumetone))、FELDENE®
(吡羅昔康(piroxicam))、布洛芬乳霜、ALEVE®
(萘普生(naproxen))及NAPROSYN®
(萘普生)、VOLTAREN®
(雙氯芬酸(diclofenac))、INDOCIN®
(吲哚美辛(indomethacin))、CLINORIL®
(舒林酸(sulindac))、TOLECTIN®
(托美汀(tolmetin))、LODINE®
(依託度酸(etodolac))、TORADOL®
(酮咯酸(ketorolac))、DAYPRO®
(奧沙普嗪(oxaprozin))及諸如此類。 PDGFR抑制劑包括C-451、CP-673、CP-868596及諸如此類。 鉑化學治療劑包括順鉑、ELOXATIN®
(奧沙利鉑(oxaliplatin))、依鉑(eptaplatin)、洛鉑(lobaplatin)、奈達鉑(nedaplatin)、PARAPLATIN®
(卡鉑(carboplatin))、沙鉑(satraplatin)、吡鉑(picoplatin)及諸如此類。 Polo樣激酶抑制劑包括BI-2536及諸如此類。 磷酸肌醇-3激酶(PI3K)抑制劑包括渥曼青黴素(wortmannin)、LY294002、XL-147、CAL-120、ONC-21、AEZS-127、ETP-45658、PX-866、GDC-0941、BGT226、BEZ235、XL765及諸如此類。 凝血酶敏感蛋白類似物包括ABT-510、ABT-567、ABT-898、TSP-1及諸如此類。 VEGFR抑制劑包含AVASTIN®
(貝伐珠單抗(bevacizumab))、ABT-869、AEE-788、ANGIOZYME™ (抑制血管生成之核酶(Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals (Boulder, CO.)及Chiron, (Emeryville,CA))、阿昔替尼(axitinib) (AG-13736)、AZD-2171、CP-547,632、IM-862、MACUGEN (培加尼布(pegaptamib))、NEXAVAR®
(索拉非尼(sorafenib)、BAY43-9006)、帕唑帕尼(pazopanib) (GW-786034)、伐他拉尼(vatalanib) (PTK-787、ZK-222584)、SUTENT®
(舒尼替尼(sunitinib)、SU-11248)、VEGF特拉普(VEGF trap)、ZACTIMA™ (凡德他尼(vandetanib)、ZD-6474)、GA101、歐法單抗(ofatumumab)、ABT-806 (mAb-806)、ErbB3特異性抗體、BSG2特異性抗體、DLL4特異性抗體及C-met特異性抗體及諸如此類。 抗生素包括嵌入抗生素阿柔比星(aclarubicin)、放線菌素D (actinomycin D)、胺柔比星(amrubicin)、脂質體蒽環黴素(annamycin)、阿黴素(adriamycin)、BLENOXANE®
(博萊黴素(bleomycin))、柔紅黴素(daunorubicin)、CAELYX®
或MYOCET®
(脂質體多柔比星(liposomal rubicin))、依沙蘆星(elsamitrucin)、表柔比星(epirubicin)、加柔比星(glarbuicin)、ZAVEDOS®
(伊達比星(idarubicin))、絲裂黴素C (mitomycin C)、奈莫柔比星(nemorubicin)、新製癌菌素(neocarzinostatin)、培洛黴素(peplomycin)、吡柔比星(pirarubicin)、蝴蝶黴素(rebeccamycin)、司替馬拉莫(stimalamer)、鏈脲黴素(streptozocin)、VALSTAR®
(戊柔比星(valrubicin))、淨司他丁(zinostatin)及諸如此類。 拓樸異構酶抑制劑包括阿柔比星、9-胺基喜樹鹼(9-aminocamptothecin)、胺萘非特(amonafide)、安吖啶(amsacrine)、貝特卡令(becatecarin)、貝洛替康(belotecan)、BN-80915、CAMPTOSAR®
(鹽酸伊立替康(irinotecan hydrochloride))、喜樹鹼、CARDIOXANE®
(右雷佐生(dexrazoxane))、二氟替康(diflomotecan)、伊多替卡林(edotecarin)、ELLENCE®
或PHARMORUBICIN®
(表柔比星)、依託泊苷(etoposide)、依喜替康(exatecan)、10-羥基喜樹鹼、吉馬替康(gimatecan)、勒托替康(lurtotecan)、米托蒽醌(mitoxantrone)、奧拉塞星(orathecin)、吡柔比星、匹杉瓊(pixantrone)、魯比替康(rubitecan)、索布佐生(sobuzoxane)、SN-38、他氟泊苷(tafluposide)、拓朴替康(topotecan)及諸如此類。 抗體包括AVASTIN®
(貝伐珠單抗)、CD40特異性抗體、chTNT-1/B、地諾單抗(denosumab)、ERBITUX®
(西土西單抗)、HΜMAX-CD4®
(紮木單抗(zanolimumab))、IGF1R特異性抗體、林妥珠單抗(lintuzumab)、PANOREX®
(依決洛單抗(edrecolomab))、RENCAREX®
(WX G250)、RITUXAN®
(利妥昔單抗(rituximab))、替西木單抗(ticilimumab)、特拉圖單抗(trastuzimab)、I型及II型CD20抗體及諸如此類。 激素療法包括ARIMIDEX®
(阿那曲唑(anastrozole))、AROMASIN®
(依西美坦(exemestane))、阿佐昔芬(arzoxifene)、CASODEX®
(比卡魯胺(bicalutamide))、CETROTIDE®
(西曲瑞克(cetrorelix))、地加瑞克(degarelix)、地洛瑞林(deslorelin)、DESOPAN®
(曲洛司坦(trilostane))、地塞米松(dexamethasone)、DROGENIL®
(氟他米特(flutamide))、EVISTA®
(雷洛昔芬(raloxifene))、AFEMA™ (法屈唑(fadrozole))、FARESTON®
(托瑞米芬(toremifene))、FASLODEX®
(氟維司群(fulvestrant))、FEMARA®
(來曲唑(letrozole))、福美司坦(formestane)、糖皮質激素、HECTOROL®
(度骨化醇(doxercalciferol))、RENAGEL®
(碳酸司維拉姆(sevelamer carbonate))、拉索昔芬(lasofoxifene)、乙酸亮丙瑞林(leuprolide acetate)、MEGACE®
(甲地孕酮(megesterol))、MIFEPREX®
(米非司酮(mifepristone))、NILANDRON™ (尼魯米特(nilutamide))、NOLVADEX®
(檸檬酸他莫昔芬(tamoxifen citrate))、PLENAXIS™ (阿巴瑞克(abarelix))、潑尼松(prednisone)、PROPECIA®
(非那雄胺(finasteride))、瑞洛司坦(rilostane)、SUPREFACT®
(布舍瑞林(buserelin))、TRELSTAR®
(黃體生成激素釋放激素(LHRH))、VANTAS®
(組胺瑞林(Histrelin)植入物)、VETORYL®
(曲洛司坦或莫卓司坦(modrastane))、ZOLADEX®
(福斯瑞林(fosrelin)、戈舍瑞林(goserelin))及諸如此類。 類維生素D及類視色素包括西奧骨化醇(seocalcitol) (EB1089、CB1093)、來沙骨化醇(lexacalcitrol) (KH1060)、芬維A胺(fenretinide)、PANRETIN®
(阿利維A酸(aliretinoin))、ATRAGEN®
(脂質體維生素A酸(liposomal tretinoin))、TARGRETIN®
(貝沙羅汀(bexarotene))、LGD-1550及諸如此類。 PARP抑制劑包括ABT-888 (維利帕尼(veliparib))、奧拉帕尼(olaparib)、KU-59436、AZD-2281、AG-014699、BSI-201、BGP-15、INO-1001、ONO-2231及諸如此類。 植物生物鹼包括(但不限於)長春新鹼(vincristine)、長春鹼(vinblastine)、長春地辛(vindesine)、長春瑞濱(vinorelbine)及諸如此類。 蛋白酶體抑制劑包括VELCADE®
(硼替佐米)、MG132、NPI-0052、PR-171及諸如此類。 免疫劑之實例包括干擾素及其他免疫增強劑。干擾素包括干擾素α、干擾素α-2a、干擾素α-2b、干擾素β、干擾素γ-1a、ACTIMMUNE®
(干擾素γ-1b)或干擾素γ-n1、其組合及諸如此類。其他藥劑包括ALFAFERONE®
(IFN-α)、BAM-002 (氧化麩胱甘肽)、BEROMUN®
(他索那明(tasonermin))、BEXXAR®
(托西莫單抗(tositumomab))、CAMPATH®
(阿來組單抗(alemtuzumab))、CTLA4 (細胞毒性淋巴球抗原4)、達卡巴嗪、地尼白介素(denileukin)、依帕珠單抗(epratuzumab)、GRANOCYTE®
(來格司亭(lenograstim))、蘑菇多糖(lentinan)、白血球α干擾素、咪喹莫特(imiquimod)、MDX-010 (抗CTLA-4)、黑色素瘤疫苗、米托莫單抗(mitumomab)、莫拉司亭(molgramostim)、MYLOTARG™ (吉妥單抗奧唑米星(gemtuzumab ozogamicin))、NEUPOGEN®
(非格司亭(filgrastim))、OncoVAC-CL、OVAREX®
(奧伐伏單抗(oregovomab))、皮托莫單抗(pemtumomab) (Y-muHMFG1)、PROVENGE®
(西普魯塞-T (sipuleucel-T))、沙格司亭(sargramostim)、西索非蘭(sizofilan)、替西白介素(teceleukin)、THERACYS®
(卡介菌劑(Bacillus Calmette-Guerin))、烏苯美司(ubenimex)、VIRULIZIN®
(免疫治療劑,Lorus Pharmaceuticals)、Z-100 (結核菌多醣(Specific Substance of Maruyama,SSM))、WF-10 (四氯十氧化物(TCDO))、PROLEUKIN®
(阿地白介素(aldesleukin))、ZADAXIN®
(胸腺法新(thymalfasin))、ZENAPAX®
(達克珠單抗(daclizumab))、ZEVALIN®
(90Y-替伊莫單抗(90Y-Ibritumomab tiuxetan))及諸如此類。 生物反應改質劑係改質活生物體之防禦機制或生物反應(例如組織細胞之存活、生長或分化)以使其具有抗腫瘤活性的藥劑,且包括雲芝多糖(krestin)、香菇多糖、西索非蘭、溶鏈菌製劑(picibanil) PF-3512676 (CpG-8954)、烏苯美司及諸如此類。 嘧啶類似物包括阿糖胞苷(ara C或阿拉伯糖苷C)、胞嘧啶阿拉伯糖苷、去氧氟尿苷、FLUDARA®
(氟達拉濱)、5-FU (5-氟尿嘧啶)、氟尿苷、GEMZAR®
(吉西他濱)、TOMUDEX®
(雷替曲塞(ratitrexed))、TROXATYL™ (三乙醯基尿苷曲沙他濱(triacetyluridine troxacitabine))及諸如此類。 嘌呤類似物包括LANVIS®
(硫鳥嘌呤)及PURI-NETHOL®
(巰基嘌呤)。 抗有絲分裂劑包括巴他布林(batabulin)、埃博黴素D (epothilone D) (KOS-862)、N-(2-((4-羥基苯基)胺基)吡啶-3-基)-4-甲氧基苯磺醯胺、伊沙匹隆(ixabepilone) (BMS 247550)、紫杉醇(paclitaxel)、TAXOTERE®
(多西他賽(docetaxel))、PNU100940 (109881)、帕土匹隆(patupilone)、XRP-9881 (拉羅他塞(larotaxel))、長春氟寧(vinflunine)、ZK-EPO (合成埃博黴素)及諸如此類。 泛素連接酶抑制劑包括MDM2抑制劑(例如紐特林(nutlin))、NEDD8抑制劑(例如MLN4924)及諸如此類。 本發明化合物亦可用作增強放射療法效能之放射性敏化劑。放射療法之實例包括外部光束放射療法、遠隔放射療法、近程放射療法及密封、未密封源放射療法及諸如此類。 另外,式(I)化合物可與其他化學治療劑組合,該等其他化學治療劑係例如ABRAXANE™ (ABI-007)、ABT-100 (法尼基轉移酶抑制劑)、ADVEXIN®
(Ad5CMV-p53疫苗)、ALTOCOR®
或MEVACOR®
(洛伐他汀(lovastatin))、AMPLIGEN®
(聚I:聚C12U,一種合成RNA)、APTOSYN®
(依昔舒林(exisulind))、AREDIA®
(帕米膦酸(pamidronic acid))、阿格拉賓(arglabin)、L-天冬醯胺酶、阿他美坦(atamestane) (1-甲基-3,17-二酮-雄甾-1,4-二烯)、AVAGE®
(他紮羅汀(tazarotene))、AVE-8062 (康布瑞他汀(combreastatin)衍生物)、BEC2 (米托莫單抗)、惡病質素(cachectin)或卡車星(cachexin) (腫瘤壞死因子)、康伐星(canvaxin) (疫苗)、CEAVAC®
(癌症疫苗)、CELEUK®
(西莫白介素(celmoleukin))、CEPLENE®
(組胺二鹽酸鹽)、CERVARIX®
(人類乳頭瘤病毒疫苗)、CHOP®
(C:CYTOXAN®
(環磷醯胺);H:ADRIAMYCIN®
(羥基多柔比星);O:長春新鹼(ONCOVIN®
);P:潑尼松)、CYPAT™ (乙酸環丙孕酮(cyproterone acetate))、康布瑞他汀A4P、DAB(389)EGF (經由His-Ala連接體融合至人類表皮生長因子之白喉毒素的催化及轉運域)或TransMID-107R™ (白喉毒素)、達卡巴嗪、放線菌素D、5,6-二甲基呫噸酮-4-乙酸(DMXAA)、恩尿嘧啶(eniluracil)、EVIZON™ (乳酸角鯊胺(squalamine lactate))、DIMERICINE®
(T4N5脂質體洗劑)、圓皮海綿內酯(discodermolide)、DX-8951f (甲磺酸依喜替康)、恩紮妥林(enzastaurin)、EPO906 (埃坡黴素(epithilone) B)、GARDASIL®
(四價人類乳頭瘤病毒(6、11、16、18型)重組疫苗)、GASTRIMMUNE®
、GENASENSE®
、GMK (神經節苷脂偶聯物疫苗)、GVAX®
(前列腺癌疫苗)、鹵夫酮(halofuginone)、組胺瑞林(histerelin)、羥基脲、伊班膦酸(ibandronic acid)、IGN-101、IL-13-PE38、IL-13-PE38QQR (貝辛白介素(cintredekin besudotox))、IL-13-假單胞菌外毒素(IL-13-pseudomonas exotoxin)、干擾素-α、干擾素-γ、JUNOVAN™或MEPACT™ (米伐木肽(mifamurtide))、洛那法尼、5,10-亞甲基四氫葉酸酯、米替福新(miltefosine) (十六烷基磷酸膽鹼)、NEOVASTAT®
(AE-941)、NEUTREXIN®
(曲美沙特葡萄糖醛酸酯)、NIPENT®
(噴司他汀)、ONCONASE®
(一種核糖核酸酶)、ONCOPHAGE®
(黑色素瘤疫苗治療)、ONCOVAX®
(IL-2疫苗)、ORATHECIN™ (魯比替康)、OSIDEM®
(基於抗體之細胞藥物)、OVAREX®
MAb (鼠類單株抗體)、紫杉醇、PANDIMEX™ (來自包含20(S)原人參二醇(aPPD)及20(S)原人參三醇(aPPT)之人參的苷配基皂苷)、帕尼單抗(panitumumab)、PANVAC®
-VF (調查研究用癌症疫苗)、培加帕加司(pegaspargase)、PEG干擾素A、苯妥帝爾(phenoxodiol)、甲苄肼(procarbazine)、瑞比斯塔(rebimastat)、REMOVAB®
(卡妥索單抗(catumaxomab))、REVLIMID®
(雷利度胺(lenalidomide))、RSR13 (乙丙昔羅(efaproxiral))、SOMATULINE®
LA (蘭瑞肽(lanreotide))、SORIATANE®
(阿維A (acitretin))、星形孢菌素(staurosporine) (鏈黴菌星形孢子(Streptomyces staurospores))、他波司他(talabostat) (PT100)、TARGRETIN®
(貝沙羅汀)、TAXOPREXIN®
(DHA-紫杉醇)、TELCYTA®
(坎磷醯胺(canfosfamide)、TLK286)、特米利芬(temilifene)、TEMODAR®
(替莫唑胺)、替米利芬(tesmilifene)、沙立度胺(thalidomide)、THERATOPE®
(STn-KLH)、塞米他(thymitaq) (2-胺基-3,4-二氫-6-甲基-4-側氧基-5-(4-吡啶基硫基)喹唑啉二鹽酸鹽)、TNFERADE™ (腺病毒載體:含有腫瘤壞死因子-α之基因的DNA載體)、TRACLEER®
或ZAVESCA®
(骨化三醇(bosentan))、維甲酸(tretinoin) (蕾婷A (Retin-A))、粉防己鹼(tetrandrine)、TRISENOX®
(三氧化二砷)、VIRULIZIN®
、尿激酶(ukrain) (來自較大白屈菜(celandine)植物之生物鹼的衍生物)、維他辛(vitaxin) (抗αvβ3抗體)、XCYTRIN®
(莫特沙芬釓(motexafin gadolinium))、XINLAY™ (阿曲生坦(atrasentan))、XYOTAX™ (聚麩胺酸紫杉醇(paclitaxel poliglumex))、YONDELIS®
(曲貝替定(trabectedin))、ZD-6126、ZINECARD®
(右雷佐生)、ZOMETA®
(唑來膦酸(zolendronic acid))、佐柔比星(zorubicin)及諸如此類。 本發明化合物亦可與治療有效量之至少一種其他治療劑共投與來治療發炎性疾病或病況或自體免疫疾病,其中該等藥劑之實例包括例如胺甲喋呤、6-巰基嘌呤、硫唑嘌呤柳氮磺吡啶(azathioprine sulphasalazine)、美沙拉秦(mesalazine)、奧沙拉秦氯喹(olsalazine chloroquinine)/羥氯喹(hydroxychloroquine)、青黴胺(pencillamine)、金硫代蘋果酸鹽(aurothiomalate) (肌內及經口)、硫唑嘌呤(azathioprine)、秋水仙鹼(colchicine)、皮質類固醇(經口、吸入及局部注射)、β-2腎上腺素受體激動劑(沙丁胺醇(salbutamol)、特布他林(terbutaline)、沙美特羅(salmeteral))、黃嘌呤(茶鹼(theophylline)、胺茶鹼(aminophylline))、色甘酸鹽(cromoglycate)、奈多羅米(nedocromil)、酮替芬(ketotifen)、異丙托銨(ipratropium)及氧托品(oxitropium)、環孢素(cyclosporin)、FK506、雷帕黴素、麥考酚酸嗎乙酯(mycophenolate mofetil)、來氟米特(leflunomide)、NSAID (例如布洛芬)、皮質類固醇(例如潑尼松龍(prednisolone))、磷酸二酯酶抑制劑、腺苷激動劑、抗血栓形成劑、補體抑制劑、腎上腺素劑、由促發炎細胞介素(例如TNFα或IL-1)干擾信號傳導之藥劑(例如NIK、IKK、p38或MAP激酶抑制劑)、IL-1β轉化酶抑制劑、T細胞信號傳導抑制劑(例如激酶抑制劑)、金屬蛋白酶抑制劑、柳氮磺吡啶(sulfasalazine)、6-巰基嘌呤、血管緊張素轉化酶抑制劑、可溶性細胞介素受體及其衍生物(例如可溶性p55或p75 TNF受體及衍生物p75TNFRIgG (依那西普(etanercept))及p55TNFRIgG (來那西普(Lenercept))、sIL-1RI、sIL-1RII、sIL-6R)、抗發炎細胞介素(例如IL-4、IL-10、IL-11、IL-13及TGFβ)、塞來考昔、葉酸、硫酸羥氯喹、羅非考昔、依那西普、英夫利昔單抗(infliximab)、萘普生、伐地考昔、柳氮磺吡啶、甲基潑尼松龍(methylprednisolone)、美洛昔康(meloxicam)、乙酸甲基潑尼松龍、硫代蘋果酸金鈉、阿司匹林(aspirin)、曲安奈德(triamcinolone acetonide)、萘磺酸丙氧吩(propoxyphene napsylate)/apap、葉酸鹽、萘丁美酮、雙氯芬酸、吡羅昔康、依託度酸、雙氯芬酸鈉、奧沙普秦、鹽酸羥可待酮(oxycodone HCl)、重酒石酸二氫可待因酮(hydrocodone bitartrate)/apap、雙氯芬酸鈉/米索前列醇(misoprostol)、芬太尼(fentanyl)、阿那白滯素(anakinra)、鹽酸曲馬多(tramadol HCl)、雙水楊酯(salsalate)、舒林酸、氰鈷胺(cyanocobalamin)/fa/吡哆素(pyridoxine)、對乙醯胺基酚(acetaminophen)、阿侖膦酸鈉(alendronate sodium)、潑尼松龍、硫酸嗎啡(morphine sulfate)、鹽酸利多卡因(lidocaine hydrochloride)、吲哚美辛(indomethacin)、硫酸葡糖胺(glucosamine sulf)/軟骨素(chondroitin)、鹽酸阿米替林(amitriptyline HCl)、磺胺嘧啶(sulfadiazine)、鹽酸羥可待酮/對乙醯胺基酚、鹽酸奧洛他定(olopatadine HCl)、米索前列醇(misoprostol)、萘普生鈉(naproxen sodium)、奧美拉唑(omeprazole)、環磷醯胺、利妥昔單抗、IL-1 TRAP、MRA、CTLA4-IG、IL-18 BP、抗IL-12、抗IL15、BIRB-796、SCIO-469、VX-702、AMG-548、VX-740、羅氟司特(Roflumilast)、IC-485、CDC-801、S1P1激動劑(例如FTY720)、PKC家族抑制劑(例如魯伯斯塔(Ruboxistaurin)或AEB-071)及美索普拉(Mesopram)。在某些實施例中,組合包括胺甲喋呤或來氟米特及(在中度或重度類風濕性關節炎情形下)環孢素(cyclosporine)及如上文所述之抗TNF抗體。 可與式(I)化合物共投與用於發炎性腸病之治療劑之非限制性實例包括以下各項:布地奈德(budenoside);表皮生長因子;皮質類固醇;環孢素、柳氮磺吡啶;胺基水楊酸鹽;6-巰基嘌呤;硫唑嘌呤;甲硝唑(metronidazole);脂氧合酶抑制劑;美沙拉秦;奧沙拉秦;巴柳氮(balsalazide);抗氧化劑;凝血脂素抑制劑;IL-1受體拮抗劑;抗IL-1β單株抗體;抗IL-6單株抗體;生長因子;彈性蛋白酶抑制劑;吡啶基-咪唑化合物;針對其他人類細胞介素或生長因子(例如TNF、LT、IL-1、IL-2、IL-6、IL-7、IL-8、IL-12、IL-15、IL-16、IL-23、EMAP-II、GM-CSF、FGF及PDGF)之抗體或拮抗劑;針對細胞表面分子(例如CD2、CD3、CD4、CD8、CD25、CD28、CD30、CD40、CD45、CD69、CD90或其配體)之抗體;胺甲喋呤;環孢素;FK506;雷帕黴素;麥考酚酸嗎乙酯;來氟米特;NSAID,例如布洛芬;皮質類固醇,例如潑尼松龍;磷酸二酯酶抑制劑;腺苷激動劑;抗血栓形成劑;補體抑制劑;腎上腺素劑;由促發炎細胞介素(例如TNFα或IL-1)干擾信號傳導之藥劑(例如NIK、IKK或MAP激酶抑制劑);IL-1β轉化酶抑制劑;TNFα轉化酶抑制劑;T細胞信號傳導抑制劑,例如激酶抑制劑;金屬蛋白酶抑制劑;柳氮磺吡啶;硫唑嘌呤;6-巰基嘌呤;血管緊張素轉化酶抑制劑;可溶性細胞介素受體及其衍生物(例如可溶性p55或p75 TNF受體、sIL-1RI、sIL-1RII、sIL-6R)及抗發炎細胞介素(例如IL-4、IL-10、IL-11、IL-13及TGFβ)。可與式(I)化合物組合用於克羅恩氏病之治療劑之較佳實例包括以下各項:TNF拮抗劑(例如抗TNF抗體)、D2E7 (阿達木單抗(adalimumab))、CA2 (英夫利昔單抗)、CDP 571、TNFR-Ig構築體、(p75TNFRIgG (依那西普)及p55TNFRIgG (LENERCEPTTM
)抑制劑及PDE4抑制劑。式(I)化合物可與以下藥劑組合:皮質類固醇,例如布地奈德及地塞米松;柳氮磺吡啶、5-胺基水楊酸;奧沙拉秦;及干擾促發炎細胞介素(例如IL-1)之合成或作用之藥劑,例如IL-1β轉化酶抑制劑及IL-1ra;T細胞信號傳導抑制劑,例如酪胺酸激酶抑制劑;6-巰基嘌呤;IL-11;美沙拉秦;潑尼松;硫唑嘌呤;巰基嘌呤;英夫利昔單抗;甲基潑尼松龍琥珀酸鈉;地芬諾酯/硫酸阿托品(atrop sulfate);鹽酸洛哌丁胺(loperamide hydrochloride);胺甲喋呤;奧美拉唑;葉酸鹽;環丙沙星(ciprofloxacin)/右旋糖-水;重酒石酸二氫可待因酮/apap;鹽酸四環素(tetracycline hydrochloride);乙酸氟輕鬆(fluocinonide);甲硝唑;硫柳汞(thimerosal)/硼酸;考來烯胺(cholestyramine)/蔗糖;鹽酸環丙沙星(ciprofloxacin hydrochloride);硫酸莨菪鹼(hyoscyamine sulfate);鹽酸麥佩裡定(meperidine hydrochloride);鹽酸咪達唑(midazolam hydrochloride));鹽酸羥可待酮/對乙醯胺基酚;鹽酸異丙嗪(promethazine hydrochloride);磷酸鈉;磺胺甲基異噁唑(sulfamethoxazole)/甲氧苄胺嘧啶(trimethoprim);塞來考昔;聚卡波非(polycarbophil);萘磺酸丙氧吩;氫化可的松(hydrocortisone);多種維他命劑(multivitamin);巴柳氮二鈉;磷酸可待因(codeine phosphate)/apap;鹽酸考來維侖(colesevelam HCl);氰鈷胺;葉酸;左氧氟沙星(levofloxacin);甲基潑尼松龍;那他珠單抗(natalizumab)及干擾素-γ。 可與式(I)化合物共投與用於多發性硬化之治療劑之非限制性實例包括以下各項:皮質類固醇;潑尼松龍;甲基潑尼松龍;硫唑嘌呤;環磷醯胺;環孢素;胺甲喋呤;4-胺基吡啶;替紮尼定(tizanidine);干擾素-β1a (AVONEX®
;Biogen);干擾素-β1b (BETASERON®
;Chiron/Berlex);干擾素α-n3 (Interferon Sciences/Fujimoto)、干擾素-α (Alfa Wassermann/J&J)、干擾素β1A-IF (Serono/Inhale Therapeutics)、聚乙二醇干擾素α 2b (Enzon/Schering-Plough)、共聚物1 (Cop-1;COPAXONE®
;Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Inc.);高壓氧;靜脈內免疫球蛋白;克拉屈濱;其他人類細胞介素或生長因子及其受體(例如TNF、LT、IL-1、IL-2、IL-6、IL-7、IL-8、IL-12、IL-23、IL-15、IL-16、EMAP-II、GM-CSF、FGF及PDGF)之抗體或拮抗劑。式(I)化合物可與針對細胞表面分子(例如CD2、CD3、CD4、CD8、CD19、CD20、CD25、CD28、CD30、CD40、CD45、CD69、CD80、CD86、CD90或其配體)之抗體組合。式(I)化合物亦可與諸如以下等藥劑組合:胺甲喋呤、環孢素、FK506、雷帕黴素、麥考酚酸嗎乙酯、來氟米特、S1P1激動劑、NSAID (例如布洛芬)、皮質類固醇(例如潑尼松龍)、磷酸二酯酶抑制劑、腺苷激動劑、抗血栓形成劑、補體抑制劑、腎上腺素劑、由促發炎細胞介素(例如TNFα或IL-1)干擾信號傳導之藥劑(例如NIK、IKK、p38或MAP激酶抑制劑)、IL-1β轉化酶抑制劑、TACE抑制劑、T細胞信號傳導抑制劑(例如激酶抑制劑)、金屬蛋白酶抑制劑、柳氮磺吡啶、硫唑嘌呤、6-巰基嘌呤、血管緊張素轉化酶抑制劑、可溶性細胞介素受體及其衍生物(例如可溶性p55或p75 TNF受體、sIL-1RI、sIL-1RII、sIL-6R)及抗發炎細胞介素(例如IL-4、IL-10、IL-13及TGFβ)。 式(I)化合物亦可與諸如以下等藥劑共投與:阿來組單抗、屈大麻酚(dronabinol)、達克珠單抗、米托蒽醌、鹽酸紮利羅登(xaliproden hydrochloride)、胺吡啶(fampridine)、乙酸格拉替雷(glatiramer acetate)、那他珠單抗、辛納比道(sinnabidol)、α-伊姆諾金(α-immunokine) NNSO3、ABR-215062、AnergiX.MS、趨化因子受體拮抗劑、BBR-2778、卡拉古林(calagualine)、CPI-1189、LEM (脂質體囊封之米托蒽醌)、THC.CBD (大麻素激動劑)、MBP-8298、美索普拉(PDE4抑制劑)、MNA-715、抗IL-6受體抗體、奈落瓦克(neurovax)、吡非尼酮同種異型體1258 (pirfenidone allotrap 1258) (RDP-1258)、sTNF-R1、他侖帕奈(talampanel)、特立氟胺(teriflunomide)、TGF-β2、替利莫肽(tiplimotide)、VLA-4拮抗劑(例如TR-14035,VLA4 Ultrahaler、Antegran-ELAN/Biogen)、干擾素γ拮抗劑及IL-4激動劑。 可與式(I)化合物共投與用於強直性脊柱炎之治療劑之非限制性實例包括以下各項:布洛芬、雙氯芬酸、米索前列醇、萘普生、美洛昔康、吲哚美辛、雙氯芬酸、塞來考昔、羅非考昔、柳氮磺吡啶、胺甲喋呤、硫唑嘌呤、米諾環素(minocyclin)、潑尼松及抗TNF抗體、D2E7 (HUMIRA®
)、CA2 (英夫利昔單抗)、CDP 571、TNFR-Ig構築體、p75TNFRIgG (ENBREL®
)及p55TNFRIgG (LENERCEPT®
)。 可與式(I)化合物共投與用於氣喘之治療劑之非限制性實例包括以下各項:沙丁胺醇(albuterol)、沙美特羅(salmeterol)/氟替卡松(fluticasone)、孟魯司特鈉(montelukast sodium)、丙酸氟替卡松(fluticasone propionate)、布地奈德(budesonide)、潑尼松、昔萘酸沙美特羅(salmeterol xinafoate)、鹽酸左旋沙丁胺醇(levalbuterol HCl)、硫酸沙丁胺醇(albuterol sulfate)/異丙托銨、潑尼松龍磷酸鈉、曲安奈德、丙酸倍氯米松(beclomethasone dipropionate)、異丙托溴銨(ipratropium bromide)、阿奇黴素(azithromycin)、乙酸吡布特羅(pirbuterol acetate)、潑尼松龍、無水茶鹼(theophylline anhydrous)、甲基潑尼松龍琥珀酸鈉、克拉黴素(clarithromycin)、紮魯司特(zafirlukast)、富馬酸福莫特羅(formoterol fumarate)、流感病毒疫苗、三水合阿莫西林(amoxicillin trihydrate)、氟尼縮松(flunisolide)、過敏注射劑、色甘酸鈉(cromolyn sodium)、鹽酸非索那定(fexofenadine hydrochloride)、氟尼縮松/薄荷醇、阿莫西林(amoxicillin)/克拉維酸鹽(clavulanate)、左氧氟沙星、吸入器輔助裝置、愈創木酚甘油醚(guaifenesin)、地塞米松磷酸鈉、鹽酸莫西沙星(moxifloxacin HCl)、鹽酸多西環素(doxycycline hyclate)、愈創木酚甘油醚/右美沙芬(d-methorphan)、p-麻黃素(p-ephedrine)/cod/氯苯那敏(chlorphenir)、加替沙星(gatifloxacin)、鹽酸西替利嗪(cetirizine hydrochloride)、糠酸莫米松(mometasone furoate)、昔萘酸沙美特羅、苯佐那酯(benzonatate)、頭孢胺苄(cephalexin)、pe/氫可酮(hydrocodone)/氯苯那敏、鹽酸西替利嗪/偽麻黃鹼(pseudoephed)、苯福林(phenylephrine)/cod/異丙嗪(promethazine)、可待因(codeine)/異丙嗪、頭孢丙烯(cefprozil)、地塞米松、愈創木酚甘油醚/偽麻黃鹼、氯苯那敏/氫可酮、奈多羅米鈉、硫酸特布他林(terbutaline sulfate)、腎上腺素(epinephrine)、甲基潑尼松龍、抗IL-13抗體及硫酸間羥異丙腎上腺素(metaproterenol sulfate)。 可與式(I)化合物共投與用於COPD之治療劑之非限制性實例包括以下各項:硫酸沙丁胺醇/異丙托銨、異丙托溴銨、沙美特羅/氟替卡松、沙丁胺醇、昔萘酸沙美特羅、丙酸氟替卡松、潑尼松、無水茶鹼、甲基潑尼松龍琥珀酸鈉、孟魯司特鈉、布地奈德、富馬酸福莫特羅、曲安奈德、左氧氟沙星、愈創木酚甘油醚、阿奇黴素、丙酸倍氯米松、鹽酸左旋沙丁胺醇、氟尼縮松、頭孢曲松鈉(ceftriaxone sodium)、三水合阿莫西林、加替沙星、紮魯司特、阿莫西林/克拉維酸鹽、氟尼縮松/薄荷醇、氯苯那敏/氫可酮、硫酸間羥異丙腎上腺素、甲基潑尼松龍、糠酸莫米松、p-麻黃素/cod/氯苯那敏、乙酸吡布特羅、p-麻黃素/氯雷他定(loratadine)、硫酸特布他林、噻托溴銨(tiotropium bromide)、(R,R)-福莫特羅、TgAAT、西洛司特(cilomilast)及羅氟司特。 可與式(I)化合物共投與用於牛皮癬之治療劑之非限制性實例包括以下各項:卡泊三烯(calcipotriene)、丙酸氯倍他索(clobetasol propionate)、曲安奈德、丙酸鹵倍他索(halobetasol propionate)、他紮羅汀、胺甲喋呤、乙酸氟輕鬆、倍他米松二丙酸增強劑(betamethasone diprop augmented)、氟輕鬆(fluocinolone acetonide)、阿維A、焦油洗髮劑(tar shampoo)、戊酸倍他米松(betamethasone valerate)、糠酸莫米松、酮康唑(ketoconazole)、普拉卡因(pramoxine)/膚輕鬆(fluocinolone)、戊酸氫化可的松(hydrocortisone valerate)、丙酮縮氟氫羥龍(flurandrenolide)、尿素、倍他米松(betamethasone)、丙酸氯倍他索/依莫爾(emoll)、丙酸氟替卡松、阿奇黴素、氫化可的松、保濕滋潤配方(moisturizing formula)、葉酸、地奈德(desonide)、吡美莫司(pimecrolimus)、煤焦油、二乙酸二氟拉松(diflorasone diacetate)、葉酸依那西普(etanercept folate)、乳酸、甲氧沙林(methoxsalen)、hc/次沒食子酸鉍(bismuth subgal)/紫諾科(znox)/立索爾(resor)、乙酸甲基潑尼松龍、潑尼松、防曬霜、氯氟舒松(halcinonide)、水楊酸、地蒽酚(anthralin)、戊酸氯可托龍(clocortolone pivalate)、煤提取物、煤焦油/水楊酸、煤焦油/水楊酸/硫、去羥米松(desoximetasone)、地西泮(diazepam)、潤膚劑、乙酸氟輕鬆/潤膚劑、礦物油/蓖麻油/那拉特(na lact)、礦物油/花生油、石油/肉豆蔻酸異丙基酯、補骨脂素(psoralen)、水楊酸、肥皂/三溴沙侖(tribromsalan)、硫柳汞/硼酸、塞來考昔、英夫利昔單抗、環孢素、阿來塞普(alefacept)、依法珠單抗(efalizumab)、他克莫司(tacrolimus)、吡美莫司、PUVA、UVB、柳氮磺吡啶、ABT-874及優特克單抗(ustekinamab)。 可與式(I)化合物共投與用於牛皮癬性關節炎之治療劑之非限制性實例包括以下各項:胺甲喋呤、依那西普、羅非考昔、塞來考昔、葉酸、柳氮磺吡啶、萘普生、來氟米特、乙酸甲基潑尼松龍、吲哚美辛、硫酸羥氯喹、潑尼松、舒林酸、倍他米松二丙酸增強劑、英夫利昔單抗、胺甲喋呤、葉酸鹽、曲安奈德、雙氯芬酸、二甲基亞碸、吡羅昔康、雙氯芬酸鈉、酮洛芬、美洛昔康、甲基潑尼松龍、萘丁美酮、托美汀鈉、卡泊三烯、環孢素、雙氯芬酸鈉/米索前列醇、乙酸氟輕鬆、硫酸葡糖胺、硫代蘋果酸金鈉、重酒石酸二氫可待因酮/apap、布洛芬、利塞膦酸鈉(risedronate sodium)、磺胺嘧啶、硫鳥嘌呤、伐地考昔、阿來塞普、D2E7 (阿達木單抗)及依法珠單抗。 可與式(I)化合物共投與用於SLE (狼瘡)之治療劑之實例包括以下各項:NSAID,例如雙氯芬酸、萘普生、布洛芬、吡羅昔康、吲哚美辛;COX2抑制劑,例如塞來考昔、羅非考昔、伐地考昔;抗瘧疾藥,例如羥氯喹;類固醇,例如潑尼松、潑尼松龍、布地奈德、地塞米松;細胞毒性劑,例如硫唑嘌呤、環磷醯胺、麥考酚酸嗎乙酯、胺甲喋呤;PDE4抑制劑或嘌呤合成抑制劑,例如Cellcept®。式(I)化合物亦可與諸如以下等藥劑組合:柳氮磺吡啶、5-胺基水楊酸、奧沙拉秦、Imuran®及干擾促發炎細胞介素(例如IL-1)之合成、產生或作用之藥劑(例如半胱天冬酶抑制劑,如IL-1β轉化酶抑制劑及IL-1ra)。式(I)化合物亦可與T細胞信號傳導抑制劑(例如酪胺酸激酶抑制劑)或靶向T細胞活化分子之分子(例如CTLA-4-IgG或抗B7家族抗體、抗PD-1家族抗體)一起使用。式(I)化合物可與IL-11或抗細胞介素抗體(例如芳妥珠單抗(fonotolizumab) (抗IFNg抗體))或抗受體受體抗體(例如抗IL-6受體抗體及B細胞表面分子抗體)組合。式(I)化合物亦可與以下藥劑一起使用:LJP 394 (阿貝莫司(abetimus))、使B細胞空乏或不活化之藥劑(例如利妥昔單抗(抗CD20抗體))、抗B細胞刺激因子抗體(抗BlyS抗體)、TNF拮抗劑(例如抗TNF抗體)、D2E7 (阿達木單抗)、CA2 (英夫利昔單抗)、CDP 571、TNFR-Ig構築體、p75TNFRIgG (依那西普)及p55TNFRIgG (LENERCEPTTM
)。 本發明化合物亦可與治療有效量之至少一種用於預防或治療AIDS之其他治療劑共投與,其中該等藥劑之實例包括HIV逆轉錄酶抑制劑、HIV蛋白酶抑制劑、免疫調節劑及其他逆轉錄病毒藥物。逆轉錄酶抑制劑之實例包括(但不限於)阿巴卡韋(abacavir)、阿德福韋(adefovir)、去羥肌苷(didanosine)、地匹西爾-地拉韋啶(dipivoxil delavirdine)、依法韋侖(efavirenz)、拉米夫定(lamivudine)、奈韋拉平(nevirapine)、司他夫定(stavudine)、紮昔他賓(zalcitabine)及齊多夫定(zidovudine)。蛋白酶抑制劑之實例包括(但不限於)胺普那韋(amprenavir)、茚地那韋(indinavir)、洛匹那韋(lopinavir)、奈非那韋(nelfinavir)、利托那韋及沙奎那韋(saquinavir)。 下列實例可用於說明性目的且不應認為縮窄本發明之範疇。f. 實例
除非另有說明,否則所有試劑皆係商業級且未經進一步純化即以原樣使用。使用市售無水溶劑在惰性氣氛下實施反應。除非另外指定,否則在所有其他情形下皆使用試劑級溶劑。1
H NMR光譜之化學位移(δ)係相對於作為內部參考之四甲基矽烷(δ 0.00)或適當殘餘溶劑峰(即CHCl3
(δ 7.27))以百萬份數(ppm)來報告。多重性以單峰(s)、雙重峰(d)、三重峰(t)、四重峰(q)、五重峰(quin)、多重峰(m)及寬峰(br)給出。 實例1 4-[2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-N
-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺用於製備 4- 溴 -6- 甲基 -7- 側氧基 -1- 甲苯磺醯基 -6,7- 二氫 -1H- 吡咯并 [2,3-c] 吡啶 -2- 甲酸乙酯之方法 A
: 實例1a (E)-2-(5-溴-2-甲氧基-3-硝基吡啶-4-基)-N,N-二甲基乙胺 將5-溴-2-甲氧基-4-甲基-3-硝基吡啶(15.0 g, 60.7 mmol)溶解於二甲基甲醯胺(300 mL)中,且添加甲醇鋰(6.07 mL, 6.07 mmol, 1 M)。在100℃下加熱反應混合物。經10分鐘向此混合物中添加1,1-二甲氧基-N,N
-二甲基甲胺(64.5 mL, 486 mmol)。在95℃下將反應混合物攪拌16小時。將反應混合物冷卻至環境溫度且小心地添加水(300 mL,放熱)。藉由真空過濾收集所得沈澱物,用水洗滌,並乾燥以提供標題化合物(13.9 g, 45.9 mmol, 76%產率)。 實例1b 4-溴-7-甲氧基-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶 在30 psi之H2
及環境溫度下,將實例1a (13.9 g, 45.8 mmol)及乙酸乙酯(150 mL)添加至不銹鋼壓力瓶中之Ra-Ni 2800 (用乙醇預洗滌)水漿液(6.9 g, 118 mmol)中且攪拌30分鐘。過濾反應混合物並濃縮。將殘餘物與二氯甲烷一起研磨且過濾固體,以提供標題化合物(5.82 g)。濃縮母液且將殘餘物與二氯甲烷再一起研磨並過濾,以提供額外1.63 g標題化合物。總產量= 7.45 g, 72%產率。 實例1c 4-溴-7-甲氧基-1-甲苯磺醯基-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶 在環境溫度下攪拌實例1b (7.42 g, 32.7 mmol)於二甲基甲醯胺(235 mL)中之溶液。向此溶液中添加氫化鈉(1.18 g, 1.96 g於油中之60%分散液,49.0 mmol),且將反應混合物攪拌10分鐘。然後逐份添加對甲苯磺醯氯(9.35 g, 49.0 mmol),且在環境溫度下在氮下將混合物攪拌16小時。用水淬滅反應混合物。在布赫納漏斗(Buchner funnel)上藉由真空過濾收集所得米黃色固體,且用水洗滌。收集固體且在真空烘箱中在50℃下乾燥,以提供12.4 g (100%)標題化合物。 實例1d 4-溴-7-甲氧基-1-甲苯磺醯基-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲酸乙酯 在-70℃下,向實例1c (12 g, 31.5 mmol)於四氫呋喃(150 mL)中之溶液中逐滴添加二異丙基醯胺鋰(24.3 mL, 47.2 mmol)。在-70℃至-50℃下將混合物攪拌45分鐘,然後逐滴添加氯甲酸乙酯(5.12 g, 47.2 mmol)。1.5小時後,用飽和氯化銨水溶液淬滅反應混合物,分離有機層,且用乙酸乙酯(3 × 300 mL)萃取水相。經無水硫酸鈉乾燥合併之有機層,過濾並在減壓下濃縮。將粗產物與二氯甲烷及甲醇(1:10)一起研磨,以提供標題化合物(13 g, 91%產率)。 實例1e 4-溴-7-側氧基-1-甲苯磺醯基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲酸乙酯 在環境溫度下,向實例1d (29 g, 64.0 mmol)及碘化鈉(14.38 g, 96 mmol)於乙腈(400 mL)中之混合物中逐滴添加氯三甲基矽烷(10.43 g, 96 mmol)。在環境溫度下將所得混合物攪拌1小時。將水(0.576 g, 32.0 mmol)逐滴添加至反應混合物中且在65℃下將混合物攪拌3小時。將反應混合物冷卻至環境溫度並過濾。將沈澱物溶解於二氯甲烷中,過濾,且濃縮以提供固體,將該固體與石油醚及二氯甲烷一起研磨,以提供標題化合物(32 g, 97%)。 實例1f 4-溴-6-甲基-7-側氧基-1-甲苯磺醯基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲酸乙酯 向實例1e (18.72 g, 42.6 mmol)於無水二甲基甲醯胺(200 mL)中之溶液中添加碳酸銫(16.66 g, 51.1 mmol),然後逐滴添加碘甲烷(3.20 mL, 51.1 mmol)。在環境溫度下將反應混合物攪拌72小時。將水添加至反應混合物(500 mL)中且過濾掉沈澱物,用水洗滌,並在真空烘箱中在55℃下乾燥過夜,以提供17.9 g (93%)標題化合物。用於製備 4- 溴 -6- 甲基 -7- 側氧基 -1- 甲苯磺醯基 -6,7- 二氫 -1H- 吡咯并 [2,3-c] 吡啶 -2- 甲酸乙酯之方法 B
: 實例1f-i N-(2,2-二甲氧基乙基)-N-甲基-1H-吡咯-2-甲醯胺 將1H-吡咯-2-甲酸(50.0 g, 450 mmol)於500 mL四氫呋喃中之溶液冷卻至-5℃至-8℃,然後添加2,2-二甲氧基-N
-甲基乙胺(64.4 g, 540 mmol)及二異丙基乙胺(171 mL, 128 mmol)。在此溫度下攪拌反應混合物,同時經20分鐘逐滴添加丙基膦酸酐(315 g, 495 mmol)。添加後,經15分鐘將反應混合物升溫至23℃。在環境溫度下將反應混合物攪拌1小時,且然後加熱至40℃。在40℃下保持18小時後,在冰浴中冷卻反應混合物且用1000 mL水及500 mL乙酸乙酯稀釋。分離有機層。用250 mL乙酸乙酯將水層反萃取三次。用250 mL水及250 mL鹽水洗滌合併之乙酸乙酯層。在室內高真空及30℃-40℃之夾套溫度下減少所得有機層。在體積減少50%至850 mL後,再添加850 mL庚烷且在室內高真空及30℃-40℃之夾套溫度下繼續蒸餾。蒸餾掉庚烷(550 mL)且將反應混合物冷卻至15℃。產物開始沈澱且然後添加500 mL庚烷以產生漿液,將該漿液加熱至30℃-40℃以去除所有黏附至容器壁之固體。將漿液冷卻至25℃。再添加500 mL庚烷以使漿液變稀薄。在冰浴中冷卻漿液且在0℃下過濾。用庚烷快速洗滌固體,且然後在真空烘箱中在40℃下乾燥過夜,以獲得鬆散白色固體狀標題化合物(63.6 g, 70.1%產率)。 實例1f-ii 6-甲基-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-7(6H)-酮 向500 mL四氫呋喃中之實例1f-i (50 g, 236 mmol)中添加對甲苯磺酸單水合物(8.96 g, 47.1 mmol),且在60℃下將反應混合物攪拌5小時。此後,將反應混合物攪拌12小時,且冷卻至23℃。在此時間期間,產物開始自反應混合物沈澱。添加碳酸氫鈉溶液(0.2 N, 500 mL),且用250 mL乙酸乙酯萃取反應混合物。分離有機層,且用188 mL乙酸乙酯將水層反萃取三次。用鹽水(188 mL)洗滌合併之有機層。用無水硫酸鎂乾燥所得有機層,經由0.45微米過濾器過濾,且在真空及40℃之夾套溫度下使有機層減少至850 mL 。此後,在25℃下經10分鐘緩慢添加500 mL庚烷。形成漿液,將其冷卻至10℃且在此溫度下攪拌14小時。過濾所得固體,用庚烷洗滌,且在真空烘箱中在50℃下乾燥,以產生黃褐色固體狀標題化合物(27.9 g, 80%產率)。 實例1f-iii 6-甲基-1-甲苯磺醯基-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-7(6H)-酮 用氮沖洗3000 mL夾套圓底燒瓶且裝填實例1f-ii (121 g, 817 mmol)。添加四氫呋喃(1200 mL)且將反應混合物冷卻至-8℃。以維持內部反應溫度低於10℃之速率將雙(三甲基矽基)醯胺鋰之四氫呋喃溶液(1M, 1022 mL, 1022 mmol)添加至所得懸浮液中。將溶液冷卻至-8℃且攪拌1小時。此後,分若干份添加對甲苯磺醯氯(238 g, 1225 mmol)。穩定反應混合物之內部溫度後,立即使燒瓶之內容物升溫至20℃,此時產物開始沈澱。將反應混合物攪拌2小時,且再保持14小時。此後,添加庚烷(600 mL)且將反應混合物蒸餾至約1200 mL之總體積。將溶液冷卻至0℃,且在含有中孔釉料之2L過濾器漏斗中過濾沈澱之固體。然後將所收集之固體於1200 mL水中製成漿液且再過濾。使用該固體及1200 mL甲醇額外漿液。將漿液攪拌15分鐘後,過濾固體且在35℃下乾燥,以獲得灰白色固體狀標題化合物(215 g, 86%產率)。 實例1f-iv 6-甲基-7-側氧基-1-甲苯磺醯基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲酸乙酯 向500 mL三頸圓底燒瓶中添加實例1f-iii (10.0 g, 33.1 mmol)。為燒瓶配備熱電偶且用氮吹掃。30分鐘後,用隔片密封燒瓶及氮入口。然後將固體懸浮於70 mL四氫呋喃中。攪拌灰白色懸浮液且冷卻至-15℃。在此溫度下保持2分鐘後,以將溫度維持在+/-5℃之速率添加己烷中之正丁基鋰(2.5 M, 13.0 ml, 32.5 mmol),此獲得淺棕色懸浮液。添加後,將反應混合物攪拌5分鐘,且然後冷卻至-55℃。在此溫度下保持後1分鐘後,以將溫度維持在+/-10℃之速率添加氯甲酸乙酯(4.6 ml, 50.7 mmol)。完成添加後,將反應混合物攪拌5分鐘且然後去除冷浴。將反應混合物再攪拌180分鐘或直至反應混合物升溫至20℃。此後,用50 mL水淬滅反應混合物且添加至另外含有約100 mL水之分液漏斗中。然後添加乙酸乙酯(200 mL)且分離各層。然後用乙酸乙酯(2 × 100 mL)萃取水層。去除乙酸乙酯後,將粗深棕色固體於100 mL乙腈中製成漿液,此產生黃褐色沈澱物。收集固體,用20 mL乙腈洗滌,且乾燥。蒸餾乙腈濾液直至再次開始沈澱。藉由過濾收集黃褐色固體,用乙腈(1 × 20 mL)洗滌,且乾燥。合併所收集之固體,以獲得黃褐色固體狀標題化合物(6.94 g, 57%產率)。 實例1f 4-溴-6-甲基-7-側氧基-1-甲苯磺醯基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲酸乙酯 向250 mL圓底燒瓶中裝填攪拌棒及實例1f-iv (3.00 g, 8.02 mmol)。向燒瓶中添加100 mL四氫呋喃,且攪拌反應混合物直至完全溶解(約1分鐘)。向攪拌反應混合物中添加對甲苯磺酸水合物(0.763 g, 4.01 mmol),然後添加N
-溴琥珀醯亞胺(1.455 g, 8.17 mmol)。在23℃下將反應混合物攪拌12.5小時。此後,在旋轉蒸發器上去除四氫呋喃,從而留下黃色殘餘物。將殘餘物懸浮於200標準酒精度乙醇(75 mL)中,且攪拌成漿液達80分鐘。過濾漿液且用乙醇(200標準酒精度,1 × 50 mL)洗滌,以提供灰白色固體狀標題化合物(3.06 g, 84%產率)。 實例1g 4-溴-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 在20℃下,向實例1f (10 g, 22.06 mmol)及四氫呋喃中之2 M乙胺(90 mL, 180 mmol)之溶液中添加甲醇中之8 wt%%甲醇鎂(88 mL, 66.7 mmol)。在55℃下在系統密封下將反應混合物加熱15小時。然後將混合物冷卻至環境溫度且用0.5 N HCl (800 mL)稀釋,攪拌5分鐘,並過濾。用冰水洗滌固體且乾燥,以提供6.8 g (98%)標題化合物。 實例1h N-乙基-6-甲基-1-甲基-7-側氧基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧雜硼烷-2-基)-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 向1 L三頸圓底燒瓶中裝填無水乙酸鉀(17.18 g, 175 mmol)、實例1g (17.4 g, 58.4 mmol)、4,4,4',4',5,5,5',5'-八甲基-2,2'-二(1,3,2-二氧雜硼烷) (29.6 g, 117 mmol)、氯(2-二環己基膦基-2′,4′,6′-三異丙基-1,1′-聯苯)[2-(2′-胺基-1,1′-聯苯)]鈀(II) (1.837 g, 2.335 mmol)及2-二環己基膦基-2′,4′,6′-三異丙基聯苯(1.113 g, 2.335 mmol),且置於氮下。添加脫氣的無水2-甲基四氫呋喃(500 mL)且在75℃下將混合物加熱過夜。將混合物冷卻至環境溫度,用水及乙酸乙酯稀釋,且將兩相混合物與1.2 g. (基於鈀之莫耳數為3.0當量)吡咯啶二硫代胺基甲酸銨一起攪拌約1小時。經由矽藻土塞過濾混合物,且用乙酸乙酯及10%甲醇/乙酸乙酯洗滌。用乙酸乙酯及鹽水進一步稀釋濾液,分離各層,且用水及鹽水洗滌有機層,用無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾,並濃縮。將粗產物與300 mL 20%乙酸乙酯/庚烷一起研磨。乾燥固體提供17.4g (86%)標題化合物。 實例1i 5-溴-6-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)菸鹼酸 在100℃下,將5-溴-6-氯菸鹼酸(12 g, 50.8 mmol)、2,6-二甲酚(7.44 g, 60.9 mmol)及碳酸銫(49.6 g, 152 mmol)於二甲基亞碸(100 mL)中之溶液加熱40小時,冷卻至環境溫度,且傾倒至500 mL冰水中。藉由小心地添加12 M HCl將pH調節至恆定pH 2。用乙酸乙酯(3 × 200 mL)萃取水性混合物。用飽和氯化鈉水溶液將合併之有機物洗滌兩次,經無水硫酸鎂乾燥,用脫色炭處理,過濾,並濃縮。使粗材料吸附於矽膠上且在330g二氧化矽柱上層析,用10%-70% 3:1乙酸乙酯/乙醇:庚烷溶析,以提供10.74 g (66%)標題化合物。 實例1j 5-溴-6-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-N-甲氧基-N-甲基菸鹼醯胺 在25℃下,將實例1i (8.5 g, 26.4 mmol)、N1
-((乙基亞胺基)亞甲基)-N3
,N3
-二甲基丙烷-1,3-二胺鹽酸鹽(6.05 g, 31.6 mmol)、1H-苯并[d][1,2,3]三唑-1-醇水合物(5.12 g, 33.4 mmol)、N,O-二甲基羥基胺鹽酸鹽(5.21 g, 53.4 mmol)及4-甲基嗎啉(10 mL, 91 mmol)於二氯甲烷(130 mL)中之溶液攪拌3小時。用50 mL二氯甲烷將混合物洗滌至分液漏斗中,用水萃取,用碳酸氫鈉水溶液洗滌,且經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾,並濃縮。藉由層析(矽膠,庚烷中之0-50%乙酸乙酯)純化殘餘物,以提供標題化合物(8.56 g, 89%)。 實例1k 1-(5-溴-6-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)吡啶-3-基)乙酮 用甲基氯化鎂溶液(3.0 M溶液於四氫呋喃中,1.8 mL, 5.40 mmol)處理實例1j (1.51 g, 4.13 mmol)於四氫呋喃(30 mL)中之溶液,且在25℃下攪拌90分鐘。將溶液傾倒至氯化銨水溶液中且萃取至乙酸乙酯(100 mL)中,經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾,並濃縮。藉由層析(矽膠,庚烷中之0-100%乙酸乙酯)純化殘餘物,以提供0.875 g (66%)標題化合物。 實例1l 2-(5-溴-6-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)吡啶-3-基)丙-2-醇 用甲基氯化鎂溶液(3.0 M溶液於四氫呋喃中,0.4 mL, 1.2 mmol)處理實例1k (0.239 g, 0.746 mmol)於四氫呋喃(5 mL)中之溶液,且在25℃下攪拌3.5小時。將溶液傾倒至氯化銨水溶液中且萃取至乙酸乙酯(60 mL)中,經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾,並濃縮。藉由層析(矽膠,庚烷中之0-100%乙酸乙酯)純化殘餘物,以提供0.195 g (78%)標題化合物。 實例1m 4-(2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 合併實例1h (222 mg, 0.643 mmol)、實例1l (195 mg, 0.580 mmol)、磷酸鉀(363 mg, 1.710 mmol)、參(二亞苄基丙酮)二鈀(0) (16.7 mg, 0.018 mmol)及1,3,5,7-四甲基-6-苯基-2,4,8-三氧雜-6-磷雜金剛烷(18.3 mg, 0.063 mmol)且充氮15分鐘,然後添加四氫呋喃(4.80 mL)/水(1.20 mL)之脫氣混合物。在60℃下將混合物加熱3小時。用20 mL乙酸乙酯稀釋混合物,用飽和氯化鈉水溶液洗滌,用無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並蒸發。藉由反相HPLC (C18, CH3
CN/水(0.1%三氟乙酸), 0-100%梯度)純化殘餘物,以提供呈三氟乙酸鹽形式之標題化合物。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 12.31 (bs, 1H), 8.35 (t, J = 5.3 Hz, 1H), 8.10 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.95 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.45 (s, 1H), 7.06 (m, 1H), 7.01 (m, 1H), 6.88 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, 1H), 3.61 (s, 3H), 3.28 (m, 2H), 1.99 (s, 6H), 1.48 (s, 6H), 1.12 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 475.2 (M+H)+
。 實例2 4-[2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(3-羥戊-3-基)吡啶-3-基]-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例2之三氟乙酸鹽係根據用於製備實例7之程序、用乙基溴化鎂取代苯基溴化鎂來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6
) δ 7.97 (d,J
= 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.83 (d,J
= 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (s, 1H), 7.07 (d,J
= 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.03 - 6.99 (m, 1H), 6.91 (s, 1H), 3.61 (s, 3H), 3.28 (t,J
= 7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.96 (s, 6H), 1.76 (dh,J
= 13.8, 7.1 Hz, 4H), 1.12 (t,J
= 7.2 Hz, 3H), 0.71 (t,J
= 7.3 Hz, 6H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 503 (M+H)+
。 實例3 4-[2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例3a 3-溴-4-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)苯甲酸 在190℃下,將3-溴-4-氟苯甲酸甲酯(10.80 g, 46.3 mmol)、2,6-二甲酚(6.24 g, 51.1 mmol)及碳酸銫(16.6 g, 50.9 mmol)於二甲基亞碸(95 mL)中之混合物加熱20小時。將混合物冷卻,然後傾倒至400 mL鹽水中,用HCl酸化且用500 mL乙酸乙酯萃取。用鹽水洗滌有機萃取物並經無水硫酸鎂乾燥。過濾後,使粗材料吸附於矽膠上且在220 g二氧化矽柱上層析,用10%-70% 3:1乙酸乙酯/乙醇:庚烷溶析,以提供13.54g (91%)標題化合物。 實例3b 3-溴-4-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-N-甲氧基-N-甲基苯甲醯胺 實例3b係根據用於製備實例1j之程序、用實例3a取代實例1i來製備。 實例3c 1-(3-溴-4-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)苯基)乙酮 方法A 藉由注射器向實例3b (1.19 g, 3.27 mmol)於四氫呋喃(24 mL)中之混合物中添加甲基氯化鎂(3.0 M溶液於四氫呋喃中,1.4 mL, 4.20 mmol),且在環境溫度下攪拌混合物。90分鐘後,將溶液傾倒至飽和氯化銨水溶液中且萃取至乙酸乙酯(100 mL)中。經無水硫酸鈉乾燥有機物,過濾並在減壓下濃縮。藉由急速層析(矽膠,0-100%乙酸乙酯/庚烷)純化殘餘物,以提供標題化合物(0.631 g, 61%產率)。 方法B: 在80℃下,將碳酸鉀(4.78 g, 34.6 mmol)、2,6-二甲酚(2.96 g, 24.19 mmol)、1-(3-溴-4-氟苯基)乙酮(5 g, 23.04 mmol)於二甲基乙醯胺(50 mL)中之混合物攪拌1.5小時。冷卻至環境溫度後,添加水(40 mL)。用乙酸乙酯萃取混合物,且用水、鹽水洗滌合併之有機相,並濃縮以提供標題化合物(7.1 g, 22.24 mmol, 97%產率)。 實例3d 2-(3-溴-4-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)苯基)丙-2-醇 方法A: 藉由注射器向實例3c (0.365 g, 1.144 mmol)於四氫呋喃(10.00 mL)中之溶液中添加甲基氯化鎂(3.0 M溶液於四氫呋喃中,1 mL, 3.00 mmol),且在環境溫度下攪拌混合物。3.5小時後,將溶液分配於飽和氯化銨水溶液(50 mL)與乙酸乙酯(75 mL)之間。經無水硫酸鈉乾燥有機物,過濾並在減壓下濃縮。藉由急速層析(矽膠,0-100%乙酸乙酯/庚烷)純化殘餘物,以提供標題化合物(0.247g, 64%產率)。 方法B: 向2,6-二甲酚(11.53 g, 94 mmol)及3-溴-4-氟苯甲酸甲酯(20 g, 86 mmol)於二甲基亞碸(80 mL)中之溶液中添加碳酸銫(41.9 g, 129 mmol)。在80℃下在氮下將混合物攪拌2小時,冷卻,用200 mL水稀釋,且攪拌10分鐘。將混合物轉移至分液漏斗且用甲基第三丁基醚(4 × 200 mL)萃取。合併有機萃取物,經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並濃縮。藉由層析(二氧化矽,庚烷中之0-10%乙酸乙酯)純化,提供在靜置後固化之油狀3-溴-4-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)苯甲酸甲酯(25.7 g, 82%)。在氮下在23℃下以逐滴方式,向此材料(11.08 g, 33.1 mmol)於四氫呋喃(165 mL)中之溶液中添加甲基溴化鎂(33.1 mL, 99 mmol, 3.0 M於二乙醚中)。反應為放熱的。將反應混合物攪拌1小時,允許內部溫度冷卻至約環境溫度。將混合物傾倒至冷的5%氯化銨水溶液中且用400 mL二乙醚分配。用飽和氯化鈉水溶液洗滌有機層,經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾,並濃縮。藉由層析(矽膠,己烷中之0-25%乙酸乙酯)純化以提供標題化合物(9.0 g, 81%)。 實例3e 4-(2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基)-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例3e係根據用於製備實例1m之程序、用實例3d取代實例1l來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 12.21 (bds, 1H), 8.34 (t, J = 5.4 Hz, 1H), 7.52 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (s, 1H), 7.31 (dd, J = 8.6, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (m, 1H), 6.86 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, 1H), 6.28 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 3.60 (s, 3H), 3.28 (m 2H), 2.02 (s, 6H), 1.44 (s, 6H), 1.12 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 474.2 (M+H)+
。 實例4 4-[2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(1-羥環戊-3-烯-1-基)吡啶-3-基]-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例4a 1-(5-溴-6-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)吡啶-3-基)丁-3-烯-1-酮 實例4a係根據用於製備實例1k之程序、用烯丙基氯化鎂取代甲基氯化鎂來製備。 實例4b 4-(5-溴-6-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)吡啶-3-基)庚-1,6-二烯-4-醇 實例4b係根據用於製備實例1l之程序、用實例4a取代實例1k、且用烯丙基氯化鎂取代甲基氯化鎂來製備。 實例4c 1-(5-溴-6-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)吡啶-3-基)環戊-3-烯醇 向具有攪拌棒之燒瓶裝填(1,3-雙(2,4,6-三甲基苯基)-2-亞咪唑啶基)二氯(苯基亞甲基)(三環己基膦)-釕(21.5 mg, 0.025 mmol),用隔片密封且用氮清掃。將實例4b (176 mg, 0.453 mmol)於脫氣1,2-二氯乙烷(4.5 mL)中之溶液添加至反應容器中。在環境溫度下將溶液攪拌3小時,濃縮,且將殘餘物吸收於4 mL二氯甲烷中,經由針筒過濾器過濾,且層析(矽膠, 0-100%乙酸乙酯/庚烷),以提供0.138g (85%)標題化合物。 實例4d 4-(2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(1-羥環戊-3-烯-1-基)吡啶-3-基)-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例4d之三氟乙酸鹽係根據用於製備實例1m之程序、用實例4c取代實例1l來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 12.31 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.34 (t, J = 5.3 Hz, 1H), 8.09 (d, J = 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.89 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (s, 1H), 7.06 (m, 2H), 7.00 (dd, J = 8.6, 6.0 Hz, 1H), 6.89 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1H), 5.75 (s, 1H), 3.61 (s, 3H), 3.27 (m, 2H), 2.86 - 2.61 (m, 4H), 1.99 (s, 6H), 1.12 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 499.2 (M+H)+
。 實例5 4-[2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(1-羥環戊-3-烯-1-基)苯基]-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例5a 1-(5-溴-6-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)吡啶-3-基)丁-3-烯-1-酮 實例5a係根據實例3c之方法A、用烯丙基氯化鎂取代甲基氯化鎂來製備。 實例5b 4-(3-溴-4-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)苯基)庚-1,6-二烯-4-醇 實例5b係根據實例3d之方法A、用實例5a取代實例3c、且用烯丙基氯化鎂取代甲基氯化鎂來製備。 實例5c 1-(5-溴-6-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)吡啶-3-基)環戊-3-烯醇 實例5c根據用於製備實例4c之程序、用實例5b取代實例4b來製備。 實例5d 4-(2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(1-羥環戊-3-烯-1-基)苯基)-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例5d係根據用於製備實例1m之程序、用實例5c取代實例1l來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 12.22 (bs, 1H), 8.34 (m, 1H), 7.48 (m, 1H), 7.35 (s, 1H), 7.28 (dd, J = 8.5, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.18 - 6.97 (m, 2H), 6.88 (m, 1H), 6.31 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 5.73 (s, 2H), 3.60 (s, 3H), 3.26 (m, 2H), 2.75 (d, J = 16.2 Hz, 2H), 2.56 (d, J = 16.2 Hz, 2H), 2.03 (s, 6H), 1.12 (td, J = 7.3, 1.9 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 498.1 (M+H)+
。 實例6 4-[2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(1-羥環戊基)吡啶-3-基]-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 在30 psi之氫下且在環境溫度下,將實例4d (48 mg, 0.096 mmol)及四氫呋喃(10 mL)添加至50 mL壓力瓶中之5% Pd/C (潤濕JM 9號) (9 mg, 0.038 mmol)中且振盪30分鐘。過濾混合物,並濃縮。藉由反相HPLC (C18, CH3
CN/水(0.1%三氟乙酸), 0-100%梯度)純化殘餘物,以提供呈三氟乙酸鹽形式之標題化合物。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 12.31 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.34 (t, J = 5.4 Hz, 1H), 8.11 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.92 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.45 (s, 1H), 7.11 - 6.93 (m, 2H), 6.88 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, 1H), 3.61 (s, 3H), 3.27 (m,2H), 1.99 (s, 6H), 1.97 - 1.68 (m, 8H), 1.12 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI) m/z 501.2 (M+H)+
。 實例7 4-[2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(1-羥基-1-苯基丙基)吡啶-3-基]-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 向4 mL小瓶中裝填四氫呋喃(1.5 mL)中之實例1j (75 mg, 0.20 mmol)且用苯基溴化鎂於四氫呋喃中之1.0 M溶液(0.3 mL, 0.3 mmol)處理,並在環境溫度下將混合物攪拌3小時。3小時後,添加氯化銨水溶液且使用相分離器用二氯甲烷萃取中間體酮。濃縮有機層。將所得殘餘物溶解於四氫呋喃(1.5 mL)中且用乙基溴化鎂(3.0 M溶液於四氫呋喃中,0.1 mL, 0.32 mmol)處理並在環境溫度下攪拌3小時。3小時後,將氯化銨水溶液添加至反應混合物中且使用相分離器用二氯甲烷萃取中間體三級醇。過濾且去除溶劑後,合併粗材料與實例1h (9 mg, 0.027 mmol)、磷酸鉀(20 mg, 0.027 mmol)、參(二亞苄基丙酮)二鈀(0) (0.75 mg, .82 µmol)及1,3,5,7-四甲基-6-苯基-2,4,8-三氧雜-6-磷雜金剛烷(0.70 mg, 0.0025 mmol)。用氮將混合物吹掃15分鐘且溶解於0.5 mL四氫呋喃及0.1 mL水之脫氣混合物中。在60℃下將此混合物加熱3小時,經由矽藻土過濾,且在減壓下濃縮。將殘餘物溶解於1:1二甲基亞碸/甲醇中且藉由Phenomenex Luna C8(2) 5 µm 100Å AXIA管柱(30 mm × 150 mm)上之反相HPLC HPLC、用乙腈(A)及水中之0.1%三氟乙酸(B)梯度、以50 mL/min之流速(0-0.5 min 5% A, 0.5-8.5 min線性梯度5%-100% A, 8.7-10.7 min 100% A, 10.7-11.0 min線性梯度100%-5% A)純化,以提供呈三氟乙酸鹽形式之標題化合物(3.8 mg, 21%產率)。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6
) δ 8.06 (d,J
= 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.85 (d,J
= 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.50 - 7.43 (m, 2H), 7.39 (s, 1H), 7.31 (dd,J
= 8.4, 7.1 Hz, 2H), 7.22 - 7.17 (m, 1H), 7.06 (s, 1H), 7.04 - 6.99 (m, 2H), 6.81 (s, 1H), 3.59 (s, 3H), 3.28 (t,J
= 7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.28 (q,J
= 7.3 Hz, 2H), 1.94 (s, 6H), 1.12 (t,J
= 7.2 Hz, 3H), 0.78 (t,J
= 7.2 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 551 (M+H)+
。 實例8 4-[2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丁-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例8之三氟乙酸鹽係根據用於製備實例7之程序、用甲基溴化鎂取代苯基溴化鎂來製備。1
H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6
) δ 8.05 (d,J
= 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.91 (s, 1H), 7.08 (d,J
= 7.4 Hz, 2H), 7.03 (dd,J
= 8.4, 6.3 Hz, 1H), 3.64 (s, 3H), 3.30 (q,J
= 7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.00 (s, 6H), 1.75 (dt,J
= 8.9, 6.7 Hz, 2H), 1.48 (s, 3H), 1.13 (d,J
= 7.2 Hz, 3H), 0.76 (t,J
= 7.3 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 489 (M+H)+
。 實例9 4-{2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-[1-(4-氟苯基)-1-羥丙基]吡啶-3-基}-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例9之三氟乙酸鹽係根據用於製備實例7之程序、用4-氟苯基溴化鎂取代苯基溴化鎂來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6
) δ 8.07 (d,J
= 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.85 (d,J
= 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (dd,J
= 8.9, 5.5 Hz, 2H), 7.41 (s, 1H), 7.13 (t,J
= 8.9 Hz, 2H), 7.05 (s, 1H), 7.03 (s, 1H), 6.81 (s, 1H), 3.60 (s, 3H), 3.28 (q,J
= 7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.28 (d,J
= 7.4 Hz, 2H), 1.96 (s, 6H), 1.13 (t,J
= 7.2 Hz, 3H), 0.78 (t,J
= 7.1 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 569 (M+H)+
。 實例10 4-[2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(3-羥基-5-甲基己-3-基)吡啶-3-基]-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例10之三氟乙酸鹽係根據用於製備實例7之程序、用2-甲基-1-丙基溴化鎂取代苯基溴化鎂來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6
) δ 7.98 (d,J
= 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.84 (d,J
= 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (s, 1H), 7.10 - 6.98 (m, 3H), 6.86 (s, 1H), 3.61 (s, 3H), 3.27 (q,J
= 7.3 Hz, 2H), 1.96 (s, 6H), 1.75 (ddd,J
= 25.4, 14.0, 6.6 Hz, 3H), 1.68 - 1.50 (m, 2H), 1.12 (t,J
= 7.2 Hz, 3H), 0.85 (d,J
= 6.5 Hz, 3H), 0.68 (t,J
= 7.3 Hz, 3H), 0.62 (d,J
= 6.5 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 531 (M+H)+
。 實例11 4-[5-(1-環戊基-1-羥丙基)-2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)吡啶-3-基]-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例11之三氟乙酸鹽係根據用於製備實例7之程序、用環戊基溴化鎂取代苯基溴化鎂來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6
) δ 8.00 (d,J
= 2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.86 (d,J
= 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (s, 1H), 7.07 (d,J
= 7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.04 - 6.97 (m, 1H), 6.88 (s, 1H), 3.62 (s, 3H), 3.28 (q,J
= 7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.40 - 2.27 (m, 1H), 1.97 (s, 6H), 1.80 (dd,J
= 11.5, 7.1 Hz, 1H), 1.65 (m, 1H), 1.47 (d,J
= 33.2 Hz, 3H), 1.27 - 1.20 (m, 1H), 1.13 (t,J
= 7.2 Hz, 3H), 0.66 (t,J
= 7.3 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 543 (M+H)+
。 實例12 4-[5-(1-環丙基-1-羥丙基)-2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)吡啶-3-基]-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例12之三氟乙酸鹽係根據用於製備實例7之程序、用環丙基溴化鎂取代苯基溴化鎂來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6
) δ 8.07 (d,J
= 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.91 (d,J
= 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.43 (s, 1H), 7.11 - 6.98 (m, 3H), 6.90 (s, 1H), 3.61 (s, 3H), 3.27 (q,J
= 7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.97 (s, 6H), 1.83 (dh,J
= 21.1, 7.3 Hz, 2H), 1.33 - 1.25 (m, 1H), 1.12 (t,J
= 7.2 Hz, 3H), 0.76 (q,J
= 7.4, 6.9 Hz, 3H), 0.43 (ddt,J
= 43.3, 9.1, 4.9 Hz, 2H), 0.31 - 0.21 (m, 2H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 515 (M+H)+
。 實例13 4-[2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(3-羥基-4-甲基己-3-基)吡啶-3-基]-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例13之三氟乙酸鹽係根據用於製備實例7之程序、用2-丁基溴化鎂取代苯基溴化鎂來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6
) δ 7.96 (d,J
= 2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.85 - 7.81 (m, 1H), 7.42 (d,J
= 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (d,J
= 7.1 Hz, 2H), 7.04 - 6.98 (m, 1H), 6.88 (d,J
= 1.4 Hz, 1H), 3.62 (s, 3H), 3.28 (q,J
= 7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.97 (s, 6H), 1.88 - 1.74 (m, 1H), 1.65 (d,J
= 8.2 Hz, 1H), 1.35 (s, 1H), 1.13 (t,J
= 7.2 Hz, 3H), 0.90 - 0.82 (m, 3H), 0.79 (t,J
= 7.1 Hz, 2H), 0.68 (dd,J
= 14.7, 7.4 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 531 (M+H)+
。 實例14 4-[2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(3-羥基-1-苯基戊-3-基)吡啶-3-基]-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例14之三氟乙酸鹽係根據用於製備實例7之程序、用2-苯基乙基溴化鎂取代苯基溴化鎂來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6
) δ 8.06 (s, 1H), 7.89 (s, 1H), 7.40 (s, 1H), 7.26 - 7.18 (m, 2H), 7.15 - 7.10 (m, 3H), 7.07 (d,J
= 1.8 Hz, 2H), 7.03 - 6.98 (m, 1H), 6.89 (s, 1H), 3.63 (s, 3H), 3.28 (q,J
= 7.3 Hz, 2H), 2.65 (dq,J
= 12.4, 7.6, 6.5 Hz, 1H), 2.36 - 2.25 (m, 1H), 2.11 - 2.02 (m, 1H), 1.97 (s, 6H), 1.81 (dt,J
= 13.6, 6.8 Hz, 2H), 1.11 (t,J
= 7.2 Hz, 3H), 0.73 (t,J
= 7.3 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 579 (M+H)+
。 實例15 4-{2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-[1-(4-氟苯基)-2-羥丁-2-基]吡啶-3-基}-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例15之三氟乙酸鹽係根據用於製備實例7之程序、用4-氟苄基溴化鎂取代苯基溴化鎂來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6
) δ 7.80 (d,J
= 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.67 (d,J
= 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (s, 1H), 7.09 - 6.93 (m, 7H), 6.81 (s, 1H), 3.60 (s, 3H), 3.29 (t,J
= 7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.99 (q,J
= 13.5 Hz, 2H), 1.94 (s, 7H), 1.78 (dt,J
= 14.2, 7.2 Hz, 1H), 1.12 (t,J
= 7.2 Hz, 3H), 0.76 (t,J
= 7.3 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 514 (M+H)+
。MS (ESI+) 583 m/z (M+H)+
。 實例16 4-[2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(1-羥基-1-苯基乙基)吡啶-3-基]-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例16之三氟乙酸鹽係根據用於製備實例7之程序、用甲基溴化鎂取代乙基溴化鎂來製備。1
H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6
) δ 8.08 (s, 1H), 7.88 (d,J
= 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (d,J
= 7.5 Hz, 2H), 7.43 (s, 1H), 7.34 (t,J
= 7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.22 (t,J
= 7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (d,J
= 7.3 Hz, 2H), 7.02 (dd,J
= 8.5, 6.1 Hz, 1H), 6.86 (s, 1H), 3.62 (s, 3H), 3.30 (q,J
= 7.3 Hz, 2H), 2.04 (s, 1H), 1.98 (s, 5H), 1.91 (s, 3H), 1.14 (t,J
= 7.2 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 536.9 (M+H)+
。 實例17 4-{2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-[1-(4-氟苯基)-1-羥乙基]吡啶-3-基}-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例17之三氟乙酸鹽係根據用於製備實例7之程序、用4-氟苯基溴化鎂取代苯基溴化鎂、且用甲基溴化鎂取代乙基溴化鎂來製備。1
H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6
) δ 8.07 (d,J
= 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.87 (d,J
= 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.55 - 7.50 (m, 2H), 7.44 (s, 1H), 7.14 (t,J
= 8.9 Hz, 2H), 7.07 (d,J
= 6.7 Hz, 2H), 7.02 (dd,J
= 8.5, 6.1 Hz, 1H), 6.85 (s, 1H), 3.62 (s, 3H), 3.30 (q,J
= 7.3 Hz, 2H), 2.04 (s, 1H), 1.98 (s, 5H), 1.90 (s, 3H), 1.14 (t,J
= 7.2 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 555.7 (M+H)+
。 實例18 4-[2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥基-4-甲基戊-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例18之三氟乙酸鹽係根據用於製備實例7之程序、用2-甲基1-丙基溴化鎂取代苯基溴化鎂、且用甲基溴化鎂取代乙基溴化鎂來製備。1
H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6
) δ 8.07 (d,J
= 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.92 (d,J
= 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (s, 1H), 7.08 (d,J
= 7.4 Hz, 2H), 7.04 - 7.00 (m, 1H), 6.91 (s, 1H), 3.64 (s, 3H), 3.30 (q,J
= 7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.99 (s, 6H), 1.71 - 1.57 (m, 3H), 1.50 (s, 3H), 1.14 (t,J
= 7.2 Hz, 3H), 0.85 (d,J
= 6.4 Hz, 3H), 0.70 (d,J
= 6.6 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 517 (M+H)+
。 實例19 4-[2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥基-3-甲基丁-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例19之三氟乙酸鹽係根據用於製備實例7之程序、用異丙基溴化鎂取代苯基溴化鎂、且用甲基溴化鎂取代乙基溴化鎂來製備。1
H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6
) δ 8.07 (d,J
= 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.87 (d,J
= 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.55 - 7.50 (m, 2H), δ 7.09 (d,J
= 7.4 Hz, 2H), 7.04 - 6.99 (m, 1H), 3.64 (s, 3H), ), 6.9 (s, 1H) 3.30 (q,J
= 7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.99 (s, 6H), 1.91 (七重峰,J
= 6.8 Hz, 1H), 1.47 (s, 3H), 1.18 - 1.09 (m, 3H), 0.84 (d,J
= 6.8 Hz, 3H), 0.77 (d,J
= 6.8 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 503 (M+H)+
。 實例20 4-[2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥基-3-甲基戊-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例20之三氟乙酸鹽係根據用於製備實例7之程序、用2-丁基溴化鎂取代苯基溴化鎂、且用甲基溴化鎂取代乙基溴化鎂來製備。1
H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6
) δ 8.02 (s, 1H), 7.89 (s, 1H), 7.45 (s, 1H), 7.08 (d, 2H), 7.04 - 7.00 (m, 1H), 6.9 (s, 1H), 3.64 (s, 3H), 3.29 (t,J
= 7.3 Hz, 2H), 1.99 (s, 6H), 1.59 - 1.53 (m, 1H), 1.47 (d,J
= 11.7 Hz, 3H), 1.14 (d,J
= 7.2 Hz, 2H), 0.83 - 0.75 (m, 5H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 517 (M+H)+
。 實例21 4-[2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥基-4-苯基丁-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例21之三氟乙酸鹽係根據用於製備實例7之程序、用2-苯基乙基溴化鎂取代苯基溴化鎂、且用甲基溴化鎂取代乙基溴化鎂來製備。1
H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6
) δ 8.13 (d,J
= 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.96 (d,J
= 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (s, 1H), 7.26 - 7.21 (m, 2H), 7.17 - 7.12 (m, 3H), 7.08 (d,J
= 7.9 Hz, 2H), 7.03 (dd,J
= 8.4, 6.3 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (s, 1H), 3.64 (s, 3H), 3.29 (q,J
= 7.3 Hz, 2H), 2.65 (ddd,J
= 13.6, 11.0, 6.0 Hz, 1H), 2.41 (ddd,J
= 13.4, 11.0, 5.6 Hz, 1H), 2.07 - 2.03 (m, 1H), 2.00 (s, 6H), 1.56 (s, 3H), 1.14 (t,J
= 7.2 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 565 (M+H)+
。 實例22 4-{2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-[1-(4-氟苯基)-2-羥丙-2-基]吡啶-3-基}-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例22之三氟乙酸鹽係根據用於製備實例7之程序、用4-氟苄基溴化鎂取代苯基溴化鎂、且用甲基溴化鎂取代乙基溴化鎂來製備。1
H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6
) δ 7.88 (s, 1H), 7.77 (d,J
= 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.31 (s, 1H), 7.08 (d,J
= 7.4 Hz, 2H), 7.04 - 6.96 (m, 5H), 6.88 (s, 1H), 3.63 (s, 3H), 3.30 (q,J
= 7.3 Hz, 2H), 3.03 - 2.93 (m, 2H), 1.98 (s, 6H), 1.53 (s, 3H), 1.15 (t,J
= 7.2 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 568.9 (M+H)+
。 實例23 4-{5-[環丙基(4-氟苯基)羥甲基]-2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)吡啶-3-基}-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例23之三氟乙酸鹽係根據用於製備實例7之程序、用4-氟苯基溴化鎂取代苯基溴化鎂、且用環丙基溴化鎂取代乙基溴化鎂來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz,吡啶-d 5
) δ 8.46 (s, 1H), 8.31 (d,J
= 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.88 (s, 1H), 7.77 - 7.70 (m, 2H), 7.11 - 6.98 (m, 6H), 3.59 (s, 3H), 3.58 - 3.51 (m, 2H), 2.15 (s, 7H), 1.81 (tt,J
= 8.2, 5.4 Hz, 1H), 1.20 (t,J
= 7.2 Hz, 3H), 0.90 - 0.75 (m, 2H), 0.62 (dtdd,J
= 26.5, 9.1, 5.3, 3.7 Hz, 2H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 581 (M+H)+
。 實例24 4-{5-[環戊基(環丙基)羥甲基]-2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)吡啶-3-基}-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例24之三氟乙酸鹽係根據用於製備實例7之程序、用環戊基溴化鎂取代苯基溴化鎂、且用環丙基溴化鎂取代乙基溴化鎂來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz,吡啶-d 5
) δ 8.47 (d,J
= 2.5 Hz, 1H), 8.36 (d,J
= 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.43 (s, 1H), 7.25 (d,J
= 1.1 Hz, 1H), 7.08 - 7.03 (m, 2H), 7.03 - 6.96 (m,1H), 3.65 (s, 3H), 3.55 (td,J
= 7.2, 5.6 Hz, 2H), 2.64 (h,J
= 9.0, 8.6 Hz, 1H), 2.17 (s, 6H), 1.85 (dt,J
= 9.6, 6.6 Hz, 2H), 1.75 - 1.40 (m, 7H), 1.18 (t,J
= 7.2 Hz, 3H), 0.88 (ddd,J
= 9.1, 5.4, 3.7 Hz, 1H), 0.57 - 0.31 (m, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 555 (M+H)+
。 實例25 4-{5-[二環丙基(羥基)甲基]-2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)吡啶-3-基}-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例25之三氟乙酸鹽係根據用於製備實例7之程序、用環丙基溴化鎂取代苯基溴化鎂、且用環丙基溴化鎂取代乙基溴化鎂來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz,吡啶-d 5
) δ 8.58 (s, 1H), 8.48 (d,J
= 0.7 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (s, 2H), 7.23 (d,J
= 2.6 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (d,J
= 10.3 Hz, 2H), 7.03 - 6.98 (m, 1H), 3.65 (d,J
= 10.0 Hz, 3H), 3.59 - 3.51 (m, 2H), 2.16 (d,J
= 3.2 Hz, 6H), 1.43 - 1.29 (m, 1H), 1.19 (t,J
= 7.2 Hz, 3H), 0.88 - 0.78 (m, 2H), 0.72 (dtd,J
= 9.5, 5.5, 3.9 Hz, 2H), 0.54 (ddd,J
= 9.4, 7.4, 4.6 Hz, 2H), 0.42 (tdd,J
= 9.1, 5.6, 3.9 Hz, 2H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 527 (M+H)+
。 實例26 4-[5-(1-環丙基-1-羥基-2-甲基丙基)-2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)吡啶-3-基]-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例26之三氟乙酸鹽係根據用於製備實例7之程序、用異丙基溴化鎂取代苯基溴化鎂、且用環丙基溴化鎂取代乙基溴化鎂來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz,吡啶-d 5
) δ 8.45 (d,J
= 2.5 Hz, 1H), 8.33 (d,J
= 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (s, 1H), 7.24 (d,J
= 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (s, 1H), 7.01 (d,J
= 5.9 Hz, 1H), 3.64 (s, 3H), 3.59 - 3.50 (m, 2H), 2.17 (s, 6H), 1.50 - 1.40 (m, 1H), 1.20 - 1.13 (t, 3H), 1.12 (d, 3H), 1.06 (d,J
= 6.8 Hz, 3H), 0.98-0.90 (m,1H), 0.58 - 0.50 (m, 1H), 0.50 - 0.43 (m, 1H), 0.4-0.38 (m, 1H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 529 (M+H)+
。 實例27 4-[5-(1-環丙基-1-羥基-2-甲基丁基)-2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)吡啶-3-基]-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例27之三氟乙酸鹽係根據用於製備實例7之程序、用2-丁基溴化鎂取代苯基溴化鎂、且用環丙基溴化鎂取代乙基溴化鎂來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz,吡啶-d 5
) δ 8.47 (d,J
= 2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.35 (d,J
= 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (s, 1H), 7.23 (s, 1H), 7.07 (d,J
= 7.0 Hz, 2H), 7.05 - 6.95 (m, 1H), 3.64 (s, 2H), 3.57 - 3.50 (m, 2H), 2.17 (s, 7H), 2.06 (td,J
= 6.9, 3.6 Hz, 2H), 1.58 - 1.39 (m, 1H), 1.32 - 1.19 (m, 2H), 1.17 (d,J
= 7.2 Hz, 3H), 1.10 (dd,J
= 12.8, 6.9 Hz, 3H), 0.98 - 0.87 (m, 4H), 0.61 - 0.43 (m, 2H), 0.43 - 0.34 (m, 1H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 543 (M+H)+
。 實例28 N-乙基-4-{5-(2-羥丙-2-基)-2-[2-甲基-6-(三氟甲基)苯氧基]苯基}-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例28a 2-(苄基氧基)-1-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)苯 用油中之60%氫化鈉(2.40 g, 60.0 mmol)處理1-甲基吡咯啶-2-酮(25 mL)中之苯基甲醇(3.24 g, 30.0 mmol)。在環境溫度下將反應混合物攪拌10分鐘。向此溶液中添加2-氟-1-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)苯(1.781 g, 10 mmol)。在100℃下將反應混合物攪拌4小時。冷卻後,將反應混合物分配於水與乙酸乙酯之間。用乙酸乙酯將水層再萃取三次。用鹽水洗滌合併之有機層,分離,經無水硫酸鎂乾燥,過濾並濃縮。藉由二氧化矽上之急速層析純化殘餘物,用庚烷中之5%乙酸乙酯溶析,以提供無色油狀標題化合物(1.56 g, 5.86 mmol, 58.6%產率)。 實例28b 2-甲基-6-(三氟甲基)酚 在30 psi之氫下且在50℃下,將實例28a (1.1 g, 4.13 mmol)及甲醇(25 mL)添加至50 mL壓力瓶中之碳上之20% Pd(OH)2
(潤濕,0.22g, 0.16 mmol)中且攪拌3小時。冷卻後,藉由過濾去除固體。在減壓下濃縮濾液以提供標題化合物(0.35 g, 1.987 mmol, 48%)。 實例28c 3-溴-4-(2-甲基-6-(三氟甲基)苯氧基)苯甲酸甲酯 在110℃下,將3-溴-4-氟苯甲酸甲酯(0.280 g, 1.2 mmol)、實例28b (0.211 g, 1.200 mmol)及碳酸銫(0.391 g, 1.200 mmol)於二甲基亞碸(5 mL)中之混合物加熱過夜。冷卻後,將反應混合物分配於水與乙酸乙酯之間。用乙酸乙酯將水層再萃取三次。用鹽水洗滌合併之有機層,分離,經無水硫酸鎂乾燥,過濾並濃縮。藉由二氧化矽上之急速層析純化殘餘物,用庚烷中之20%乙酸乙酯溶析,以提供標題化合物(0.08 g, 0.206 mmol, 17.1%產率)。 實例28d 2-(3-溴-4-(2-甲基-6-(三氟甲基)苯氧基)苯基)丙-2-醇 在0℃下,用甲基氯化鎂(0.685 mL, 2.056 mmol)處理四氫呋喃(5 mL)中之實例28c (0.08 g, 0.206 mmol)。在環境溫度下將反應混合物攪拌過夜。用飽和氯化銨水溶液淬滅反應混合物,且分配於水與乙酸乙酯之間。用乙酸乙酯將水層再萃取三次。用鹽水洗滌合併之有機層,分離,經無水硫酸鎂乾燥,過濾並濃縮。藉由急速層析(矽膠溶析,庚烷中之20%乙酸乙酯)純化殘餘物,以提供標題化合物(0.056 g, 0.144 mmol, 70.0%產率)。 實例28e N-乙基-4-{5-(2-羥丙-2-基)-2-[2-甲基-6-(三氟甲基)苯氧基]苯基}-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 在微波反應器中在120℃下將實例1h (0.069 g, 0.2 mmol)、實例28d (0.078 g, 0.200 mmol)、四(三苯基膦)鈀(0) (0.023 g, 0.020 mmol)及氟化銫(0.091 g, 0.600 mmol)於1,2-二甲氧基乙烷(1 mL)及甲醇(0.500 mL)中之混合物加熱40分鐘。冷卻後,將反應混合物分配於水與乙酸乙酯之間。用乙酸乙酯將水層再萃取三次。用鹽水洗滌合併之有機層,分離,經無水硫酸鎂乾燥,過濾並濃縮。藉由急速層析(矽膠,乙酸乙酯中之5%甲醇)純化殘餘物以提供粗產物,然後藉由反相製備型HPLC (C18管柱, CH3
CN/水(0.1%三氟乙酸), 20%-80%梯度)純化該粗產物,以提供標題化合物(0.039 g, 0.074 mmol, 37.0%產率)。1
H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 12.25 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.35 (t, J = 5.3 Hz, 1H), 7.72 - 7.53 (m, 3H), 7.42 - 7.21 (m, 3H), 6.81 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1H), 6.33 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 3.60 (s, 3H), 3.27 (qdd, J = 7.2, 4.9, 2.4 Hz, 2H), 1.94 (s, 3H), 1.45 (s, 6H), 1.12 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 528.1 (M+H)+
。 實例29 4-[2-(2-氯-6-甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例29a 5-溴-6-(2-氯-6-甲基苯氧基)菸鹼酸甲酯 在80℃下,將2-氯-6-甲酚(1.195 g, 8.38 mmol)、5-溴-6-氯菸鹼酸甲酯(2g, 7.98 mmol)及碳酸銫(2.60 g, 7.98 mmol)於無水二甲基亞碸(20 mL)中之混合物攪拌1.5小時。冷卻至環境溫度後,將水(40 mL)添加至混合物中,且藉由過濾收集沈澱之產物並乾燥,以提供灰白色固體狀標題化合物(2.6 g, 7.29 mmol, 91%產率)。 實例29b 2-(5-溴-6-(2-氯-6-甲基苯氧基)吡啶-3-基)丙-2-醇 在0℃下,向實例29a (1 g, 2.80 mmol)於無水四氫呋喃(10 mL)中之溶液中逐滴添加四氫呋喃中之1 M甲基溴化鎂(14.02 mmol),且在室溫下將混合物攪拌16小時。用飽和氯化銨水溶液(20 mL)小心地淬滅反應混合物,並用乙酸乙酯(20 mL × 3)萃取。用鹽水(20 mL)洗滌合併之有機相,經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾,且濃縮至乾燥,以提供標題化合物(1 g, 2.80 mmol, 100%產率)。 實例29c 4-(2-(2-氯-6-甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例29c係根據用於製備實例1m之程序、用實例29b取代實例1l來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6
) δ 12.30 (s, 1H), 8.36 (t,J
= 5.4 Hz, 1H), 8.11 (d,J
= 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.99 (d,J
= 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (s, 1H), 7.35 (dd,J
= 7.9, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.31 - 7.21 (m, 1H), 7.16 (t,J
= 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.96 (s, 1H), 5.23 (s, 1H), 3.61 (s, 3H), 3.28 (td,J
= 7.2, 5.3 Hz, 2H), 2.09 (s, 3H), 1.49 (s, 6H), 1.12 (t,J
= 7.2 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 495.2 (M+H)+
。 實例30 4-[2-(2-氯-6-甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例30a 3-溴-4-(2-氯-6-甲基苯氧基)苯甲酸甲酯 在100℃下在氮下,將碳酸銫(839 mg, 2.57 mmol)、2-氯-6-甲酚(294 mg, 2.060 mmol)及3-溴-4-氟苯甲酸甲酯(400 mg, 1.716 mmol)於二甲基亞碸(5 mL)中之混合物攪拌1小時。冷卻至環境溫度後,添加水(50 mL)。用乙酸乙酯(50 mL)將所得混合物萃取兩次。合併有機層且經無水硫酸鈉乾燥。過濾且去除溶劑後,藉由急速層析(矽膠,0-50%乙酸乙酯/石油醚)純化粗材料,以提供標題化合物(400 mg, 65.5%產率)。 實例30b 2-(3-溴-4-(2-氯-6-甲基苯氧基)苯基)丙-2-醇 實例30b係根據用於製備實例29b之程序、用實例30a取代實例29a來製備。 實例30c 4-[2-(2-氯-6-甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例30c係根據用於製備實例1m之程序、用實例30b取代實例1l來製備。1
H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6
) δ 12.23 (s, 1H), 8.34 (bs, 1H), 7.53 (d,J
= 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.45 - 7.25 (m, 4H), 7.19 (t,J
= 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (s, 1H), 6.30 (d,J
= 8.6 Hz, 1H), 5.01 (s, 1H), 3.59 (s, 3H), 3.30 - 3.21 (m, 2H), 2.08 (s, 3H), 1.44 (s, 6H), 1.11 (t,J
= 7.2 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 494.2 (M+H)+
。 實例31 N-第三丁基-4-[2-(2-氯-6-甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 將實例30b (95 mg, 0.268 mmol)、碳酸鈉(85 mg, 0.804 mmol)、參(二亞苄基丙酮)二鈀(0) (24.5 mg, 0.027 mmol)、實例32c (100 mg, 0.268 mmol)及1,3,5,7-四甲基-6-苯基-2,4,8-三氧雜-6-磷雜金剛烷(9.40 mg, 0.032 mmol)之混合物溶解於四氫呋喃(4 mL)及水(1 mL)中。在60℃下在氮下將混合物加熱3小時。將混合物冷卻至環境溫度且過濾並用乙酸乙酯萃取濾液。分離有機層且經無水硫酸鎂乾燥,過濾並蒸發。將粗殘餘物溶解於二甲基亞碸中且藉由製備型-HPLC (管柱:Waters HSS C18, 2.1*50 mm, 1.8 µm;移動相A:水/10 mmol NH4
HCO3
,移動相B:乙腈;流速:25 mL/min;梯度:25% B至50% B於5 min內,保持0.5 min; 254 nm)純化,以提供標題化合物(18.9 mg, 0.036 mmol, 13.5%產率)。1
H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d 6
) δ 12.36 (s, 1H), 7.86 (s, 1H), 7.54 (d,J
= 2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (d,J
= 7.0 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (s, 1H), 7.31 (m, 2H), 7.19 (t,J
= 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (d,J
= 2.1 Hz, 1H), 6.29 (d,J
= 8.6 Hz, 1H), 5.01 (s, 1H), 3.60 (s, 3H), 2.08 (s, 3H), 1.44 (s, 6H), 1.36 (s, 9H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 522.2 (M+H)+
。 實例32 N-第三丁基-4-[2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例32a 4-溴-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲酸 向500 mL圓底燒瓶中裝填實例1f (7.9 g, 17.43 mmol)及二噁烷(100 mL)。向此溶液中添加2M NaOH (34.9 mL, 69.7 mmol),且在80℃下將反應混合物加熱2小時。冷卻後,用HCl (0.1 N)將反應混合物稀釋至pH 2。然後逐滴添加1N HCl以將pH至降低約1。將所得混合物劇烈攪拌約1小時。過濾混合物且用水洗滌所得固體並乾燥,以提供標題化合物(4.44 g, 94%產率)。 實例32b 4-溴-N-(第三丁基)-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 向實例32a (2.98 g, 11.0 mmol)於二氯甲烷(30 mL)中之漿液中添加4滴二甲基甲醯胺,然後添加草醯氯(1.93 mL, 22.0 mmol)。在環境溫度下將混合物攪拌3小時並濃縮。向殘餘物中添加四氫呋喃(30 mL)及2-甲基丙-2-胺(3.47 mL, 33.0 mmol),且在環境溫度下將混合物攪拌1小時。將混合物分配於乙酸乙酯與水之間。用飽和氯化鈉水溶液洗滌有機層,用無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾,並濃縮。將所得殘餘物與乙酸乙酯/庚烷(1:1)一起研磨,以提供標題化合物(3.35 g, 10.27 mmol, 93%)。 實例32c N-(第三丁基)-6-甲基-7-側氧基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧雜硼烷-2-基)-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 在氮流下,將無水乙酸鉀(26.6 g, 271 mmol)、實例32b (29.5 g, 90 mmol)、4,4,4',4',5,5,5',5'-八甲基-2,2'-二(1,3,2-二氧雜硼烷) (45.9 g, 181 mmol)、氯(2-二環己基膦基-2′,4′,6′-三異丙基-1,1′-聯苯)[2-(2′-胺基-1,1′-聯苯)]鈀(II) (2.85 g, 3.62 mmol)及2-二環己基膦基-2′,4′,6′-三異丙基聯苯(1.725 g, 3.62 mmol)之混合物脫氣。向此混合物中添加脫氣的無水2-甲基四氫呋喃(1 L)。在80℃下將所得黃色漿液加熱過夜。將反應混合物冷卻至環境溫度且然後用水(500 mL)及乙酸乙酯(500 mL)稀釋並與1.8 g. (基於鈀之莫耳數為3.0當量)吡咯啶二硫代胺基甲酸銨一起攪拌90分鐘。經由矽藻土過濾所得混合物且用乙酸乙酯沖洗矽藻土墊。用鹽水洗滌濾液。混合有機層與約20 g. SiliaMetS Thiol® (經由烷基鏈附接於二氧化矽上之硫醇,其係來自Silicycle之鈀捕獲劑),且將此混合物攪拌約1小時。經無水硫酸鈉乾燥混合物,過濾並在減壓下濃縮。在Grace Reveleris X2 MPLC上使用Teledyne-Isco RediSep Rf Gold 750 g.矽膠管柱純化殘餘物,用50%至60%至70%至80%乙酸乙酯/庚烷溶析,以提供標題化合物。在250 mL 20%乙酸乙酯/庚烷中對此材料進行超音波處理。藉由過濾收集固體,用20%乙酸乙酯/庚烷洗滌且乾燥,以提供標題化合物(17.6 g, 52%產率)。 實例32d N-第三丁基-4-[2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 在實例32c (15.0 g, 40.2 mmol)、實例3d (16.2 g, 48.2 mmol)、1,3,5,7-四甲基-6-苯基-2,4,8-三氧雜-6-磷雜金剛烷(1.175 g, 4.02 mmol)、磷酸鉀(21.33 g, 100 mmol)及參(二亞苄基丙酮)二鈀(1.104 g, 1.206 mmol)之混合物上吹氮氣流達1小時。同時,在1 L.燒瓶中混合無水二噁烷(300 mL)及水(75 mL)。藉由使氮鼓泡通過此溶液將其脫氣1小時。1小時後,經由套管將溶劑轉移至脫氣固體之混合物中。在添加溶劑時觀察到放熱且溫度自20.5℃升高至32.0℃。當將反應混合物充分混合時,在80℃下將其加熱2.5小時。將反應混合物冷卻至環境溫度並用乙酸乙酯及水稀釋。將混合物與約600 mg. (基於鈀之莫耳數為3.0當量.)吡咯啶二硫代胺基甲酸銨一起攪拌1小時。經由矽藻土過濾所得混合物。用乙酸乙酯洗滌矽藻土墊。將所得濾液傾倒至分液漏斗中且用乙酸乙酯及鹽水進一步稀釋混合物。用水(2×)及鹽水洗滌有機層。用無水硫酸鈉乾燥有機層,過濾並在減壓下濃縮。在Grace Reveleris X2 MPLC上使用Teledyne Isco RediSep Rf Gold 330 g.矽膠管柱純化殘餘物,用70%至80%至90%乙酸乙酯/庚烷至100%乙酸乙酯溶析。在加熱的同時將所得純材料溶解於乙醇中,在減壓下濃縮,且乾燥以產生標題化合物(18.0 g, 89%產率)。1
H NMR (501 MHz, DMSO-d 6
) δ 12.34 (s, 1H), 7.85 (s, 1H), 7.52 (d,J
= 2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.33 (s, 1H), 7.28 (dd,J
= 8.6, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (d,J
= 7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.03 (dd,J
= 8.3, 6.6 Hz, 1H), 6.85 (s, 1H), 6.26 (d,J
= 8.6 Hz, 1H), 4.97 (s, 1H), 3.59 (s, 3H), 2.00 (s, 6H), 1.42 (s, 6H), 1.35 (s, 9H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 502.1 (M+H)+
。 實例33 N-第三丁基-4-[2',4'-二氟-4-(2-羥丙-2-基)[1,1'-聯苯]-2-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例33a 2',4'-二氟-2-硝基-[1,1'-聯苯]-4-甲酸甲酯 將4-溴-3-硝基苯甲酸甲酯(750 mg, 2.88 mmol)、(2,4-二氟苯基)酸(683 mg, 4.33 mmol)、四(三苯基膦)鈀(0) (333 mg, 0.288 mmol)及碳酸鈉(611 mg, 5.77 mmol)之混合物合併於二噁烷(15 mL)及水(4 mL)中,充氮氣10分鐘,且在90℃下在氮下加熱2小時。將混合物冷卻至環境溫度並分配於乙酸乙酯與水之間。用飽和氯化鈉水溶液洗滌有機層,經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,用矽藻土處理,過濾,並濃縮。藉由層析(矽膠,石油醚中之0-100%乙酸乙酯)純化殘餘物,以提供標題化合物(510 mg, 1.739 mmol, 60.3%產率)。 實例33b 2-胺基-2',4'-二氟-[1,1'-聯苯]-4-甲酸甲酯 將實例33a (450 mg, 1.535 mmol)、鋅(1003 mg, 15.35 mmol)及氨鹽酸鹽(821 mg, 15.35 mmol)合併於四氫呋喃(4 mL)、甲醇(1 mL)及水(1 mL)中,且在26℃下劇烈攪拌3小時。經由矽藻土塞過濾混合物以去除固體。用甲醇及四氫呋喃反覆沖洗塞。濃縮濾液並將殘餘物分配於乙酸乙酯與水之間。用鹽水洗滌乙酸乙酯層,乾燥(無水硫酸鈉),過濾,且濃縮以提供標題化合物(380 mg, 1.444 mmol, 94%產率)。 實例33c 2',4'-二氟-2-碘-[1,1'-聯苯]-4-甲酸甲酯 在0℃下,用濃HCl (27.7 mg, 0.760 mmol)處理實例33b (200 mg, 0.760 mmol)於1,4-二噁烷(10 mL)中之溶液並攪拌15分鐘,且然後用硝酸鈉(62.9 mg, 0.912 mmol)於水(2 mL)中之溶液處理。在0℃下將混合物攪拌1小時,用碘化鉀(252 mg, 1.52 mmol)於水(2 mL)中之溶液處理且在環境溫度下攪拌1小時。將反應混合物分配於乙酸乙酯與水之間。用飽和硫代硫酸鈉、水及鹽水洗滌有機層,乾燥(無水硫酸鎂),過濾,並濃縮。藉由矽膠上之層析(己烷)純化殘餘物,以提供標題化合物(300 mg, 0.642 mmol, 84%產率)。 實例33d 2-(2',4'-二氟-2-碘-[1,1'-聯苯]-4-基)丙-2-醇 在-10℃下攪拌實例33c (100 mg, 0.267 mmol)於四氫呋喃(10 mL)中之混合物。向此溶液中緩慢添加甲基溴化鎂(0.356 mL, 1.069 mmol)。在25℃下將反應混合物攪拌過夜。用乙酸乙酯稀釋混合物,用20 mL水(兩次)及鹽水洗滌。經無水硫酸鈉乾燥有機層,過濾,並在減壓下濃縮。藉由矽膠層析(石油醚/乙酸乙酯= 33/1)純化殘餘物,以提供標題化合物(50 mg, 0.134 mmol, 50.0%產率)。 實例33e N-第三丁基-4-[2',4'-二氟-4-(2-羥丙-2-基)[1,1'-聯苯]-2-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例33e係根據用於製備實例32d之程序、用實例33d取代實例3d來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz,甲醇-d 4
) δ 7.67 (d,J
= 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (dd,J
= 8.0, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (d,J
= 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.30 - 7.21 (m, 1H), 6.86 (s, 1H), 6.86 - 6.77 (m, 2H), 6.69 (s, 1H), 3.53 (s, 3H), 1.63 (s, 6H), 1.45 (s, 9H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 494.2 (M+H)+
。 實例34 N-(2,2-二氟-1-甲基環丙基)-4-[2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例34a 4-溴-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-羰基氯 在氮下,用N,N-二甲基甲醯胺(0.057 mL, 0.738 mmol)處理二氯甲烷(18.45 mL)中之實例32a (1.0 g, 3.69 mmol),然後逐滴添加草醯氯(0.969 mL, 11.07 mmol)。在氮下在環境溫度下將反應混合物攪拌3小時並濃縮。將殘餘物與1:1二氯甲烷/甲苯共沸三次,以提供標題化合物(1.06 g, 99%),其未經純化即使用。 實例34b 4-溴-N-(2,2-二氟-1-甲基環丙基)-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 在氮下,用N-乙基-N-異丙基丙-2-胺(6.44 mL, 36.9 mmol)逐滴處理實例34a (1.06 g, 3.69 mmol)及2,2-二氟-1-甲基環丙胺鹽酸鹽(0.636 g, 4.43 mmol)於四氫呋喃(24.59 mL)中之混合物。在環境溫度下將反應混合物攪拌18小時。將混合物分配於乙酸乙酯與水之間。用飽和氯化鈉水溶液洗滌有機層,經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾,並濃縮。藉由研磨(2:1二氯甲烷/庚烷)純化以提供標題化合物(0.688 g, 52%)。 實例34c N-(2,2-二氟-1-甲基環丙基)-6-甲基-7-側氧基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧雜硼烷-2-基)-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 將二環己基(2',4',6'-三異丙基-[1,1'-聯苯]-2-基)膦(0.109 g, 0.229 mmol)、乙酸鉀(0.750 g, 7.64 mmol)、參(二亞苄基丙酮)二鈀(0) (0.052 g, 0.057 mmol)、實例34b (0.688 g, 1.910 mmol)及4,4,4',4',5,5,5',5'-八甲基-2,2'-二(1,3,2-二氧雜硼烷) (1.455 g, 5.73 mmol)合併於二噁烷(9.55 mL)中,且充氬15分鐘。然後在80℃下在氮下將混合物加熱18小時,冷卻,且分配於乙酸乙酯與水之間。用飽和氯化鈉水溶液洗滌有機層,乾燥(無水硫酸鈉),用3-巰基丙基官能化矽膠處理,過濾,並濃縮。藉由層析(矽膠,庚烷中之20%-100%乙酸乙酯)純化以提供期望粗產物。於最小體積之9:1庚烷/二乙醚中研磨以提供標題化合物(0.362 g, 46%)。 實例34d N-(2,2-二氟-1-甲基環丙基)-4-[2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 合併實例34c (0.06 g, 0.147 mmol)、實例1l (0.059 g, 0.177 mmol)、參(二亞苄基丙酮)二鈀(0) (4.05 mg, 4.42 µmol)、1,3,5,7-四甲基-6-苯基-2,4,8-三氧雜-6-磷雜金剛烷(4.31 mg, 0.015 mmol)及碳酸鈉(0.062 g, 0.589 mmol),並充氬15分鐘。同時,向4:1四氫呋喃/水之溶液(1.0 mL)充氮15分鐘,並在氬下藉由注射器轉移至反應容器中。在60℃下在氬下將混合物攪拌3小時,冷卻並分配於乙酸乙酯與水之間。用飽和氯化鈉水溶液洗滌有機層,經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,用3-巰基丙基官能化矽膠處理,過濾,並濃縮。藉由反相HPLC (C18,CH3
CN/水(0.1%三氟乙酸),0-100%)純化,以提供標題化合物(0.066 g, 83%)。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6
) δ 12.38 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, 1H), 8.77 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.08 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.92 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.43 (s, 1H), 7.07 - 6.89 (m, 4H), 3.59 (s, 3H), 1.96 (s, 6H), 1.72 - 1.54 (m, 2H), 1.46 (s, 6H), 1.43 (d, J = 2.5 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 537 [M+H]+
。 實例35 N-乙基-4-[2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例35a 4-氟-2,6-二甲酚 將2-溴-5-氟-1,3-二甲基苯(25 g, 123 mmol)於四氫呋喃(300 mL)中之溶液冷卻至-78℃,且以保持內部溫度等於或低於-75℃之速率逐滴添加正丁基鋰(59.1 mL, 148 mmol)。將混合物攪拌2小時且然後添加硼酸三甲酯(16.51 mL, 148 mmol)並在-78℃下將混合物攪拌3小時,然後升溫至環境溫度。4小時後,將混合物冷卻至-10℃,且添加NaOH (7.39 g, 185 mmol)及30%過氧化氫(201 mL, 1970 mmol)之預冷溶液。完成添加後,立即將混合物升溫至環境溫度過夜。用2M HCl將混合物之pH調節至pH 1。添加400 mL乙醚及200 mL水且分離各層。用3 × 200 mL醚萃取水層,且用飽和NaHCO3
及飽和NaS2
O3
洗滌合併之有機層,然後與飽和NaS2
O5
水溶液(200 mL)一起攪拌15分鐘。用無水硫酸鎂乾燥有機相,過濾,並濃縮。將殘餘物吸收於1/1二乙醚/戊烷中且經由二氧化矽塞沖洗。濃縮濾液以提供11.47g (67%)標題化合物。 實例35b 3-溴-4-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)苯甲酸甲酯 向實例35a (1.86 g, 13.27 mmol)及3-溴-4-氟苯甲酸甲酯(2.099 mL, 14.20 mmol)於二甲基亞碸(14 mL)中之溶液中添加碳酸銫(6.49 g, 19.91 mmol)。在80℃下將混合物加熱2小時,冷卻,且用水(100 mL)稀釋,然後用甲基第三丁基醚(200 mL)萃取。用額外多份(2 × 100 mL)甲基第三丁基醚萃取水相。經無水硫酸鈉乾燥合併之有機物,過濾,並濃縮。藉由層析(矽膠,用0-25%乙酸乙酯/庚烷溶析)純化粗材料,以提供4.56g (97%)標題化合物。 實例35c 2-(3-溴-4-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)苯基)丙-2-醇 將含有實例35b (2.49 g, 7.05 mmol)於四氫呋喃(28.0 mL)中之溶液之燒瓶置於水浴中,且然後用四氫呋喃中之3 M甲基溴化鎂(7.0 mL, 21.00 mmol)處理。30分鐘後,藉由添加100 mL氯化銨水溶液淬滅混合物且用100 mL二乙醚分配。用水洗滌有機物並經無水硫酸鈉乾燥。過濾且去除溶劑後,對粗材料實施層析(二氧化矽柱,0-100%乙酸乙酯/庚烷),以提供2.056 g (83%)標題化合物。 實例35d N-乙基-4-[2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺方法 A
: 將實例35c、實例1h (0.280 g, 0.810 mmol)、1,3,5,7-四甲基-6-苯基-2,4,8-三氧雜-6-磷雜金剛烷(0.021 g, 0.073 mmol)、參(二亞苄基丙酮)二鈀(0) (4) (0.017 g, 0.019 mmol)及磷酸鉀(0.331 g, 1.557 mmol)於二噁烷(4 mL)及水(1 mL)中之混合物脫氣,並用氮回填6次。在60℃下將反應混合物加熱12小時。將反應混合物分配於水與乙酸乙酯之間。用乙酸乙酯(3 × 20 mL)再萃取水層。用鹽水洗滌合併之有機層,經無水硫酸鎂乾燥,過濾並濃縮。藉由矽膠上之急速管柱層析純化殘餘物,用乙酸乙酯中之5%甲醇溶析。藉由反相製備型HPLC (C18, CH3
CN/水(0.1%三氟乙酸), 20%-80%梯度)進一步純化粗產物。合併期望部分且冷凍乾燥,以提供標題化合物(0.14 g, 0.285 mmol, 45.7%產率)。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 12.20 (s, 1H), 8.32 (t, J = 5.3 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (d, J = 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.46 - 7.21 (m, 2H), 6.96 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 2H), 6.83 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1H), 6.29 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 3.58 (s, 3H), 3.24 (dt, J = 12.6, 6.2 Hz, 2H), 2.00 (s, 6H), 1.42 (s, 6H), 1.10 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 492.2 (M+H)+
。方法 B
:步驟 1
:製備4-(2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基)-6-甲基-7-側氧基-1-甲苯磺醯基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲酸乙酯 向三頸燒瓶中裝填攪拌棒,且配備熱電偶及回流冷凝器。向燒瓶中添加雙(戊醯)二硼(27.0 g, 106 mmol)、參(二亞苄基丙酮)二鈀(0) (605 mg, 0.661 mmol)、1,3,5,7-四甲基-6-苯基-2,4,8-三氧雜-6-磷雜金剛烷(465 mg, 1.591 mmol)、根據方法B製備之實例1f (38.832 g, 86 mmol)及乙酸鉀(17.67 g, 180 mmol)。用氮將含有固體之燒瓶吹掃30分鐘,且向含有350 mL四氫呋喃之單獨燒瓶充30分鐘。此後,塞住三頸燒瓶且使用套管將350 mL所充四氫呋喃轉移至固體。然後將反應混合物攪拌且加熱至60℃直至藉由HPLC判斷反應完成(22小時)。此後,經由矽藻土墊過濾反應混合物,且收集於圓底燒瓶中。用四氫呋喃(1 × 50 mL)洗滌矽藻土墊且添加至反應物中。然後向反應混合物充氮30分鐘。在單獨燒瓶中,將磷酸鉀(52.0 g, 548 mmol)溶解於水(50 mL)中且向溶液充氮30分鐘。此後,打開含有反應混合物之燒瓶(在高氮流下)且添加固體狀實例35c (28.8 g, 82 mmol)。在添加後立即經由套管添加磷酸鹽水溶液。然後在60℃下將反應混合物加熱2小時或直至觀察到實例35C完全耗盡。然後在旋轉蒸發器上去除揮發性組份。向剩餘混合物中添加300 mL乙酸乙酯以完全溶解粗殘餘物。分離水層與有機層,並用乙酸乙酯(2 × 250 mL)萃取水層。合併有機層且用5%半胱胺酸/8%碳酸氫鈉(2 × 100 mL)洗滌。分離有機層與水層且在旋轉蒸發器上去除有機組份,留下黃色/淺棕色固體。將固體溶解於甲基第三丁基醚(450 mL)中以獲得黃色溶液,且添加900 mL庚烷以促進沈澱。過濾灰白色固體且用200 mL庚烷快速洗滌。濃縮濾液直至再開始沈澱。再過濾並洗滌固體。自第二濾液去除最終量之溶劑,且開始形成沈澱物。冷卻濾液,然後過濾並用庚烷洗滌固體,獲得第三批及最後一批標題化合物(41.69 g, 75%)。步驟 2
:製備4-(2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基)-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲酸 向24 mL打蘭瓶中裝填攪拌棒及4-(2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基)-6-甲基-7-側氧基-1-甲苯磺醯基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲酸乙酯(140 mg, 0.216 mmol)。將固體溶解於3 mL四氫呋喃中且添加氫氧化鉀水溶液(4.45 M, 0.60 mL, 2.67 mmol)。在60℃下將混合物攪拌22小時。向瓶中添加10 mL乙酸乙酯。將反應混合物轉移至分液漏斗且振盪。分離有機層與水層。用乙酸乙酯(2 × 10 mL)再萃取水層。然後使用1 M HCl將水層調節至pH = 3,且用乙酸乙酯(3 × 10 mL)萃取。合併在調節pH後收集之乙酸乙酯部分且使用旋轉蒸發器自反應蒸餾,以提供標題化合物(80 mg, 80%產率)。步驟 3
:製備N-乙基-4-[2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 向50 mL圓底燒瓶中裝填攪拌棒及4-(2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基)-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲酸(80 mg, 0.388 mmol)。用氮沖洗燒瓶,且添加3.8 mL無水N,N-二甲基甲醯胺。攪拌淺黃色溶液,同時一次性添加固體狀HATU (1-[雙(二甲基胺基)亞甲基]-1H-1,2,3-三唑并[4,5-b]吡啶鎓3-氧化物六氟磷酸鹽(166 mg, 0.437 mmol)。將亮黃色反應混合物攪拌10分鐘。此後,添加乙胺(0.40 ml, 0.800 mmol)且將反應混合物再攪拌20分鐘,然後添加二異丙基乙胺(0.20 ml, 1.145 mmol)。12小時後,將20 mL水添加至反應混合物中,使產物沈澱為白色固體狀。用水(2 × 10 mL)再快速洗滌固體且乾燥以提供標題化合物(70 mg, 83%產率)。 實例36 N-第三丁基-4-[2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例36係根據用於製備實例32d之程序、用實例35c取代實例3d來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 12.35 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.86 (s, 1H), 7.53 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.41 - 7.25 (m, 2H), 6.99 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), 6.84 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1H), 6.31 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 3.61 (s, 3H), 2.02 (s, 6H), 1.44 (s, 6H), 1.37 (s, 9H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 520.1 (M+H)+
。 實例37 N-第三丁基-4-[2-(2-氯-6-甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 將實例32c (45 mg, 0.12 mmol)、實例29b (47 mg, 0.13 mmol)、碳酸鈉(46 mg, 0.42 mmol)、參(二亞苄基丙酮)二鈀(0) (3.3 mg, 3.6 µmol)及1,3,5,7-四甲基-6-苯基-2,4,8-三氧雜-6-磷雜金剛烷(3.2 mg, 11 µmol)合併於微波管中,並用氮吹掃15分鐘。用氮將四氫呋喃(2 mL)及水(0.5 mL)之混合物吹掃15分鐘並轉移至微波管。在60℃下將反應混合物加熱3小時,冷卻且用乙酸乙酯及水分配。用飽和氯化鈉水溶液洗滌有機層,用無水硫酸鈉乾燥,用3-巰基丙基官能化矽膠處理,過濾,並濃縮。藉由急速層析(矽膠,庚烷中之20%-40%3:1乙酸乙酯/乙醇)純化殘餘物,以提供標題化合物(56 mg, 89%)。1
H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6
) δ 12.41 (s, 1H), 8.08 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.97 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.84 (s, 1H), 7.46 (s, 1H), 7.35 - 7.31 (m, 1H), 7.25 - 7.22 (m, 1H), 7.13 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, 1H), 5.19 (s, 1H), 3.59 (s, 3H), 2.07 (s, 3H), 1.46 (s, 6H), 1.35 (s, 9H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 523 (M+H)+
。 實例38 4-[2-(2-氯-6-甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-N-(1,1,1-三氟-2-甲基丙-2-基)-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例38a 4-溴-6-甲基-7-側氧基-N-(1,1,1-三氟-2-甲基丙-2-基)-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例38a (1.04 g, 74%)係根據用於製備實例34b之程序、用1,1,1-三氟-2-甲基丙-2-胺取代2,2-二氟-1-甲基環丙胺鹽酸鹽來製備。 實例38b 6-甲基-7-側氧基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧雜硼烷-2-基)-N-(1,1,1-三氟-2-甲基丙-2-基)-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例38b (0.404 g, 60%)係根據用於製備實例34c之程序、用實例38a取代實例34b來製備。 實例38c 4-[2-(2-氯-6-甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-N-(1,1,1-三氟-2-甲基丙-2-基)-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例38c (48 mg, 83%)係根據用於製備實例37之程序、用實例38b取代實例32c來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6
) δ 12.54 (s, 1H), 8.11 - 8.06 (m, 2H), 7.97 (d,J
= 2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (s, 1H), 7.33 (d,J
= 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (d,J
= 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (t,J
= 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (s, 1H), 5.19 (s, 1H), 3.60 (s, 3H), 2.07 (s, 3H), 1.59 (s, 6H), 1.46 (s, 6H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 577 (M+H)+
。 實例39 4-[2-(2-氯-6-甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-N-(2,2-二氟-1-甲基環丙基)-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例39 (48 mg, 86%)係根據用於製備實例37之程序、用實例34c取代實例32c來製備。1
H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6
) δ 12.39 (s, 1H), 8.76 (s, 1H), 8.09 (d,J
= 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.95 (d,J
= 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.45 (s, 1H), 7.35 - 7.29 (m, 1H), 7.25 - 7.21 (m, 1H), 7.13 (t,J
= 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.98 (d,J
= 1.7 Hz, 1H), 5.19 (s, 1H), 3.59 (s, 3H), 2.06 (s, 3H), 1.71 - 1.55 (m, 2H), 1.46 (s, 6H), 1.43 (s, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 557 (M+H)+
。 實例40 4-{2-[2,6-二甲基-4-(甲基硫基)苯氧基]-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基}-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例40係以副產物形式自實例35之製備分離。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 12.21 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1H), 8.33 (t, J = 5.4 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 2H), 7.02 (s, 2H), 6.84 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1H), 6.31 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 3.60 (s, 3H), 3.26 (qd, J = 7.2, 5.2 Hz, 2H), 2.45 (s, 3H), 1.99 (s, 6H), 1.44 (s, 6H), 1.12 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 520.1 (M+H)+
。 實例41 4-[2-(2-氯-6-甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-N-(1,1,1-三氟-2-甲基丙-2-基)-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例41 (44 mg, 76%)係根據用於製備實例37之程序、用實例38b取代實例32c、且用實例30b取代實例29b來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6
) δ 12.45 (s, 1H), 8.07 (s, 1H), 7.53 (d,J
= 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.43 - 7.35 (m, 2H), 7.34 - 7.25 (m, 2H), 7.17 (t,J
= 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (s, 1H), 6.28 (d,J
= 8.6 Hz, 1H), 4.98 (s, 1H), 3.59 (s, 3H), 2.07 (s, 3H), 1.59 (s, 6H), 1.42 (s, 6H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 576 (M+H)+
。 實例42 4-[2-(2-氯-6-甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-N-(2,2-二氟-1-甲基環丙基)-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例42 (45 mg, 81%)係根據用於製備實例34d之程序、用實例30b取代實例1l來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6
) δ 12.29 (s, 1H), 8.75 (s, 1H), 7.52 (d,J
= 2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (dd,J
= 7.9, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.35 (s, 1H), 7.31 (dd,J
= 8.6, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (d,J
= 6.9 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (t,J
= 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (d,J
= 1.7 Hz, 1H), 6.29 (d,J
= 8.6 Hz, 1H), 4.98 (s, 1H), 3.58 (s, 3H), 2.06 (s, 3H), 1.71 - 1.52 (m, 2H), 1.43 (s, 9H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 556 (M+H)+
。 實例43 N-乙基-4-[2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例43a 5-溴-6-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)菸鹼酸甲酯 實例43a係根據用於製備實例28c之程序、分別用實例35a取代實例28b、且用5-溴-6-氯菸鹼酸甲酯取代3-溴-4-氟苯甲酸甲酯來製備。 實例43b 2-(5-溴-6-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)吡啶-3-基)丙-2-醇 實例43b係根據用於製備實例28d之程序、用實例43a取代實例28c來製備。 實例43c N-乙基-4-[2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例43c係根據用於製備實例1m之程序、用實例43b取代實例1l來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 12.31 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1H), 8.34 (t, J = 5.4 Hz, 1H), 8.11 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.95 (d, J = 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (s, 1H), 6.92 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 2H), 6.86 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1H), 3.61 (s, 3H), 3.27 (qd, J = 7.3, 5.2 Hz, 2H), 1.99 (s, 6H), 1.48 (s, 6H), 1.12 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 493.2 (M+H)+
。 實例44 N-第三丁基-4-[2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例44係根據用於製備實例1m之程序、分別用實例43b取代實例1l、且用取代實例32c取代實例1h來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6
) δ 12.43 (d,J
= 2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.10 (d,J
= 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.96 (d,J
= 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.87 (s, 1H), 7.44 (s, 1H), 6.98 - 6.82 (m, 3H), 3.61 (s, 3H), 1.99 (s, 6H), 1.48 (s, 6H), 1.37 (s, 9H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 521.2 (M+H)+
。 實例45 N-第三丁基-4-{5-(2-羥丙-2-基)-2-[2-甲基-6-(三氟甲基)苯氧基]吡啶-3-基}-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例45a 2-(苄基氧基)-1-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)苯 向經烘箱乾燥及氮沖洗之250 mL圓底3頸燒瓶中裝填60%氫化鈉(8.98 g, 225 mmol)。為燒瓶配備回流冷凝器及溫度探針且用氮將系統脫氣30分鐘。添加1-甲基吡咯啶-2-酮(150 mL),且將懸浮液冷卻於冰水浴中(至內部溫度= 4℃)。經約5分鐘逐滴添加苄基醇(17.4 mL, 168 mmol)。將反應混合物升溫至環境溫度下並保持30分鐘。添加2-氟-1-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)苯(20.0 g, 112 mmol)於甲苯(30 mL)中之溶液。在環境溫度下將反應混合物攪拌約5分鐘,然後在60℃下加熱16小時,在冰浴中冷卻,用異丙醇(25 mL)小心地淬滅,用水稀釋,且用乙酸乙酯萃取4次。用無水硫酸鈉乾燥合併之有機層,過濾,並蒸發。藉由急速層析(矽膠,庚烷中之0-5%乙酸乙酯)純化殘餘物,以提供標題化合物(27.6 g, 92%)。 實例45b 2-甲基-6-(三氟甲基)酚 向實例45a (35.3 g, 133 mmol)於500 mL不銹鋼壓力瓶中之甲醇(200 mL)中之溶液中添加Pd(OH)2
/C (潤濕,20%, 6.60 g, 10.2 wt%, 4.79 mmol)。在50℃下在30 psi之氫下將反應混合物振盪3小時,過濾,且濃縮以提供標題化合物(22.9 g, 98%)。 實例45c 5-溴-6-(2-甲基-6-(三氟甲基)苯氧基)菸鹼酸甲酯 將5-溴-6-氯菸鹼酸甲酯(9.90 g, 39.5 mmol)、實例45b (8.70 g, 49.4 mmol)及碳酸銫(25.8 g, 79.0 mmol)合併於二甲基亞碸(100 mL)中。在100℃下將反應混合物加熱2小時,冷卻,用水稀釋,且用乙酸乙酯萃取3次。用飽和氯化鈉水溶液洗滌合併之有機層,用無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾,並濃縮。藉由急速層析(矽膠,庚烷中之0-10%乙酸乙酯)純化殘餘物,以提供標題化合物(11.9 g, 77%)。 實例45d 2-(5-溴-6-(2-甲基-6-(三氟甲基)苯氧基)吡啶-3-基)丙-2-醇 在-74℃下經20分鐘,向實例45c (11.9 g, 30.6 mmol)於四氫呋喃(300 mL)中之溶液中逐滴添加四氫呋喃中之3M甲基氯化鎂(30.6 mL, 92.0 mmol)。在冷浴中攪拌反應混合物,將其解凍過夜,在冰水浴中冷卻,藉由小心地添加水淬滅,用水稀釋且用乙酸乙酯萃取3次。用無水硫酸鈉乾燥合併之有機層,過濾,並濃縮。藉由急速層析(矽膠,庚烷中之0-25%乙酸乙酯)純化殘餘物,以提供標題化合物(6.1 g, 51%)。 實例45e N-第三丁基-4-{5-(2-羥丙-2-基)-2-[2-甲基-6-(三氟甲基)苯氧基]吡啶-3-基}-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例45e係根據用於製備實例37之程序、用實例45d取代實例29b來製備。藉由急速層析(矽膠,二氯甲烷中之2%-4%甲醇)純化,以提供標題化合物(57 mg, 85%)。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6
) δ 12.44 (s, 1H), 8.07 (d,J
= 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.98 (d,J
= 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.84 (s, 1H), 7.55 (dd,J
= 7.7, 3.0 Hz, 2H), 7.38 (s, 1H), 7.31 (t,J
= 7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.79 (d,J
= 1.7 Hz, 1H), 5.19 (s, 1H), 3.56 (s, 3H), 1.97 (s, 3H), 1.44 (s, 6H), 1.34 (s, 9H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 557 (M+H)+
。 實例46 4-{5-(2-羥丙-2-基)-2-[2-甲基-6-(三氟甲基)苯氧基]吡啶-3-基}-6-甲基-7-側氧基-N-(1,1,1-三氟-2-甲基丙-2-基)-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例46係根據用於製備實例37之程序、用實例38b取代實例32c、且用實例45d取代實例29b來製備。藉由急速層析(矽膠,二氯甲烷中之2%-4%甲醇)純化,以提供標題化合物(61 mg, 83%)。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6
) δ 12.56 (s, 1H), 8.09 - 8.06 (m, 2H), 7.98 (d,J
= 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (dd,J
= 7.7, 3.2 Hz, 2H), 7.39 (s, 1H), 7.30 (t,J
= 7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.89 (d,J
= 1.7 Hz, 1H), 5.18 (s, 1H), 3.56 (s, 3H), 1.97 (s, 3H), 1.58 (s, 6H), 1.44 (s, 6H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 611 (M+H)+
。 實例47 N-(2,2-二氟-1-甲基環丙基)-4-{5-(2-羥丙-2-基)-2-[2-甲基-6-(三氟甲基)苯氧基]吡啶-3-基}-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例47係根據用於製備實例37之程序、用實例34c取代實例32c、且用實例45d取代實例29b來製備。藉由急速層析(矽膠,二氯甲烷中之2%-4%甲醇)純化,以提供標題化合物(53 mg, 75%)。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6
) δ 12.39 (s, 1H), 8.76 (s, 1H), 8.08 (d,J
= 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.97 (d,J
= 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (dd,J
= 7.7, 3.1 Hz, 2H), 7.37 (s, 1H), 7.30 (t,J
= 7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.85 (s, 1H), 5.18 (s, 1H), 3.55 (s, 3H), 1.97 (d,J
= 3.9 Hz, 3H), 1.70 - 1.53 (m, 2H), 1.45 (s, 6H), 1.42 (s, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 591 (M+H)+
。 實例48 N-乙基-4-{5-(2-羥丙-2-基)-2-[2-甲基-6-(三氟甲基)苯氧基]吡啶-3-基}-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例48係根據用於製備實例1m之程序、用實例45d取代實例1l來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz,甲醇-d4
) δ 8.12 (s, 2H), 7.54 (dd, J = 16.8, 7.7 Hz, 2H), 7.48 (s, 1H), 7.31 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.97 (s, 1H), 3.70 (s, 3H), 3.41 (q, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.60 (s, 6H), 1.23 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 529.2 (M+H)+
。 實例49 4-[2-(2-氯-4-氟-6-甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例49a 3-溴-4-(2-氯-4-氟-6-甲基苯氧基)苯甲酸甲酯 實例49a係根據用於製備實例35b之程序、用2-氯-4-氟-6-甲酚取代實例35a來製備。 實例49b 2-(3-溴-4-(2-氯-4-氟-6-甲基苯氧基)苯基)丙-2-醇 實例49b係根據用於製備實例35c之程序、用實例49a取代實例35b來製備。 實例49c 4-[2-(2-氯-4-氟-6-甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例49c係根據用於製備實例1m之程序、用實例49b取代實例1l來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz,甲醇-d 4
) δ 7.55 (d,J
= 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.31 (s, 1H), 7.26 (dd,J
= 8.7, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.08 (dd,J
= 8.1, 3.1 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (dd,J
= 8.9, 3.0 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (s, 1H), 6.33 (d,J
= 8.6 Hz, 1H), 3.62 (s, 3H), 3.31 (q,J
= 7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.01 (s, 3H), 1.47 (s, 6H), 1.12 (t,J
= 7.2 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 512.2 (M+H)+
。 實例50 N-第三丁基-4-[2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例50之三氟乙酸鹽係根據用於製備實例1m之程序、用實例32c取代實例1h來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 12.44 (s, 1H), 8.07 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.94 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.87 (s, 1H), 7.44 (s, 1H), 7.05 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 7.02 - 6.96 (m, 1H), 6.87 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 3.60 (s, 3H), 1.98 (s, 6H), 1.46 (s, 6H), 1.35 (s, 9H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 512.2 (M+H)+
。 實例51 N-第三丁基-4-[2-(2-氯-4-氟-6-甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例51a 5-溴-6-(2-氯-4-氟-6-甲基苯氧基)菸鹼酸甲酯 實例51a係根據用於製備實例35b之程序、用5-溴-6-氯菸鹼酸甲酯取代3-溴-4-氟苯甲酸甲酯、且用2-氯-4-氟-6-甲酚取代實例35a來製備。 實例51b 2-(5-溴-6-(2-氯-4-氟-6-甲基苯氧基)吡啶-3-基)丙-2-醇 實例51b係根據用於製備實例35c之程序、用實例51a取代實例35b來製備。 實例51c N-第三丁基-4-[2-(2-氯-4-氟-6-甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例51c係根據用於製備實例37之程序、用實例51b取代實例29b來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz,甲醇-d 4
) δ 8.03 (d,J
= 2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.97 (d,J
= 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (s, 1H), 7.04 (dd,J
= 8.2, 3.0 Hz, 1H), 6.96 (s, 1H), 6.91 (dd,J
= 8.9, 3.0 Hz, 1H), 3.62 (s, 3H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.50 (s, 6H), 1.36 (s, 9H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 541.2 (M+H)+
。 實例52 4-[2-(2-氯-4-氟-6-甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例52之三氟乙酸鹽係根據用於製備實例1m之程序、用實例51b取代實例1l來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 12.30 (s, 1H), 8.32 (t, J = 5.4 Hz, 1H), 8.10 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.97 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.45 (s, 1H), 7.33 (dd, J = 8.3, 3.0 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (dd, J = 9.3, 3.0 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, 1H), 3.59 (s, 3H), 3.25 (td, J = 7.3, 5.4 Hz, 2H), 2.07 (s, 3H), 1.47 (s, 6H), 1.10 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 513.2 (M+H)+
。 實例53 N-第三丁基-4-[2-(2-氯-4-氟-6-甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例53係根據用於製備實例37之程序、用實例49b取代實例29b來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz,甲醇-d4
) δ 7.63 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.41 - 7.32 (m, 2H), 7.17 (dd, J = 8.1, 3.0Hz, 1H), 7.06 - 6.99 (m, 2H), 6.41 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 2.09 (s, 3H), 1.56 (s, 6H), 1.44 (s,9H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 540.2 (M+H)+
。 實例54 N-第三丁基-4-{5-(2-羥丙-2-基)-2-[2-甲基-6-(三氟甲基)苯氧基]苯基}-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例54係根據用於製備實例37之程序、用實例28d取代實例29b來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 12.37 (s, 1H), 7.84 (s, 1H), 7.64 - 7.58 (m, 2H), 7.56 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.31 (dd, J = 8.6, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (s, 1H), 6.78 (d, J = 1.7 Hz, 1H), 6.31 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 5.01 (s, 1H), 3.57 (s, 3H), 1.92 (s, 3H), 1.43 (s, 6H), 1.36 (s, 9H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 556.4 (M+H)+
。 實例55 4-[2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-N-(1,1,1-三氟-2-甲基丙-2-基)-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例55係根據用於製備實例35d之程序、用實例38b取代實例1h來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz,甲醇-d4
) d 7.61 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.45 7.25 (m, 2H), 7.06 (s, 1H), 6.83 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 2H), 6.39 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 3.72 (s, 3H), 2.05 (s, 6H), 1.67 (s, 6H), 1.55 (s, 6H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 574.2 (M+H)+
。 實例56 4-[2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-N-(1,1,1-三氟-2-甲基丙-2-基)-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 在70℃下在氮下在微波反應器中,將實例43b (80 mg, 0.226 mmol)、實例38b (106 mg, 0.248 mmol)、參(二亞苄基丙酮)二鈀(0) (7.65 mg, 8.36 µmol)、磷酸鉀(144 mg, 0.678 mmol)及1,3,5,7-四甲基-6-苯基-2,4,8-三氧雜-6-磷雜金剛烷(8.85 mg, 0.030 mmol)於四氫呋喃(2.5 mL)及水(0.6 mL)中之混合物加熱2小時。將反應混合物冷卻,分配於乙酸乙酯與水之間,且用乙酸乙酯將水相萃取兩次。用水及鹽水洗滌合併之有機物,經無水硫酸鈉乾燥且濃縮,以提供粗製物。藉由製備型HPLC (管柱:Waters HSS C18, 2.1*50 mm, 1.8 µm;移動相A:水/10 mmol碳酸銨,移動相B:乙腈;流速:25 mL/min;梯度:25% B至50% B於5 min內,保持0.5 min; 254 nm)純化粗產物,以提供白色固體狀標題化合物(68 mg, 0.118 mmol, 52.4%產率)。1
H NMR (400 MHz,甲醇-d 4
) δ 8.03 (d,J
= 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.95 (d,J
= 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (s, 1H), 6.97 (s, 1H), 6.71 (d,J
= 8.9 Hz, 2H), 3.62 (s, 3H), 1.94 (s, 6H), 1.58 (s, 6H), 1.49 (s, 6H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 575.2 (M+H)+
。 實例57 4-[2-(2-氯-4-氟-6-甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-N-(1,1,1-三氟-2-甲基丙-2-基)-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例57係根據用於製備實例56之程序、用實例49b取代實例43b、且在微波反應器中在60℃下加熱2小時來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz,甲醇-d 4
) δ 7.54 (d,J
= 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.29 (s, 1H), 7.26 (dd,J
= 8.6, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (dd,J
= 8.1, 3.0 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (s, 1H), 6.96 - 6.89 (m, 1H), 6.32 (d,J
= 8.6 Hz, 1H), 3.62 (s, 3H), 2.00 (s, 3H), 1.57 (s, 6H), 1.46 (s, 6H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 594.2 (M+H)+
。 實例58 4-[2-(2-氯-4-氟-6-甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-N-(1,1,1-三氟-2-甲基丙-2-基)-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例58之三氟乙酸鹽係根據用於製備實例56之程序、用實例51b取代實例43b來製備。在微波反應器中在60℃下將混合物加熱2小時,且藉由HPLC (C18管柱,CH3
CN/水(0.1%三氟乙酸))純化粗產物。1
H NMR (400 MHz,甲醇-d 4
) δ 8.03 (d,J
= 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.96 (d,J
= 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (s, 1H), 6.99 - 7.04 (m, 2H), 6.90 (dd,J
= 9.1, 3.1 Hz, 1H), 3.62 (s, 3H), 2.01 (s, 3H), 1.57 (s, 6H), 1.49 (s, 6H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 595.2 (M+H)+
。 實例59 4-[2-(2-氯-4-氟-6-甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-N-(2,2-二氟-1-甲基環丙基)-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 在微波反應器中在60℃下在氮下,將參(二亞苄基丙酮)二鈀(0) (9.19 mg, 10.04 µmol)、實例49b (0.075 g, 0.201 mmol)、實例34c (0.090 g, 0.221 mmol)、1,3,5,7-四甲基-6-苯基-2,4,8-三氧雜-6-磷雜金剛烷(5.86 mg, 0.020 mmol)及磷酸鉀(0.128 g, 0.602 mmol)於四氫呋喃(4 mL)、水(1 mL)中之混合物加熱2小時。冷卻至環境溫度後,經由矽藻土墊過濾混合物且用乙酸乙酯(30 mL)洗滌。用水(20 mL)洗滌濾液,且濃縮至乾燥。藉由製備型HPLC (管柱:Waters HSS C18, 2.1*50 mm, 1.8 µm;移動相A:水/10 mmol碳酸銨,移動相B:乙腈;流速:25 mL/min;梯度:25% B至50% B於5 min內,保持0.5 min; 254 nm)純化粗產物,且凍乾所收集部分,以提供標題化合物(0.038 g, 0.066 mmol, 33.0%產率)。1
H NMR (400 MHz,甲醇-d 4
) δ 7.54 (d,J
= 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (s, 1H), 7.25 (dd,J
= 8.7, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (dd,J
= 8.1, 3.0 Hz, 1H), 6.95 - 6.88 (m, 2H), 6.31 (d,J
= 8.6 Hz, 1H), 3.61 (s, 3H), 1.99 (s, 3H), 1.45-1.55 (m, 2H), 1.46 (s, 6H), 1.43 (s, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 594.2 (M+H)+
。 實例60 N-(2,2-二氟-1-甲基環丙基)-4-[2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例60係根據用於製備實例59之程序、用實例35c取代實例49b、且在微波反應器中在70℃下加熱2小時來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz,甲醇-d 4
) δ 7.52 (s, 1H), 7.2 - 7.3 (m, 2H), 6.87 (s, 1H), 6.73 (d,J
= 8.9 Hz, 2H), 6.30 (d,J
= 8.6 Hz, 1H), 3.62 (s, 3H), 1.95 (s, 6H), 1.35 - 1.55 (m, 11H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 554.2 (M+H)+
。 實例61 N-(2,2-二氟-1-甲基環丙基)-4-[2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例61係根據用於製備實例59之程序、用實例43b取代實例49b、且在微波反應器中在70℃下加熱2小時來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz,甲醇-d 4
) δ 8.02 (d,J
= 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.95 (d,J
= 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (s, 1H), 6.87 (s, 1H), 6.70 (d,J
= 8.9 Hz, 2H), 3.62 (s, 3H), 1.93 (s, 6H), 1.45 - 1.55 (m, 8H), 1.43 (q,J
= 2.7 Hz, 3H)。)。MS (ESI+) m/z 555.2 (M+H)+
。 實例62 4-[2-(2-氯-4-氟-6-甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-N-(2,2-二氟-1-甲基環丙基)-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例62係根據用於製備實例59之程序、用實例51b取代實例49b來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz,甲醇-d 4
) δ 8.03 (d,J
= 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.97 (d,J
= 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (s, 1H), 7.03 (dd,J
= 8.1, 3.0 Hz, 1H), 6.88 - 6.98 (m, 2H), 3.62 (s, 3H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.45 - 1.55 (m, 8H), 1.44 (s, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 575.2 (M+H)+
。 實例63 N-(二環[1.1.1]戊-1-基)-4-[2-(2-氯-6-甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例63a N-(二環[1.1.1]戊-1-基)-4-溴-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例63a係根據用於製備實例32b之程序、用二環[1.1.1]戊-1-胺替代2-甲基丙-2-胺來製備。 實例63b N-(二環[1.1.1]戊-1-基)-6-甲基-7-側氧基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧雜硼烷-2-基)-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例63b係根據用於製備實例32c之程序、用實例63a替代實例32b來製備。 實例63c N-(二環[1.1.1]戊-1-基)-4-[2-(2-氯-6-甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 在微波反應器中在80℃下在氮氣氛下,將實例29b (40 mg, 0.112 mmol)、實例63b (47.3 mg, 0.123 mmol)、參(二亞苄基丙酮)二鈀(0) (3.80 mg, 4.15 µmol)、磷酸鉀(71.4 mg, 0.336 mmol)及1,3,5,7-四甲基-6-苯基-2,4,8-三氧雜-6-磷雜金剛烷(4.39 mg, 0.015 mmol)於四氫呋喃(3 mL)及水(0.3 mL)中之混合物加熱2小時。將反應混合物冷卻至環境溫度,分配於乙酸乙酯與水之間,用乙酸乙酯將水相萃取兩次,且用水及飽和氯化鈉水溶液洗滌合併之有機物,經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾,並濃縮。藉由製備型HPLC (管柱:Waters HSS C18, 2.1*50 mm, 1.8 µm;移動相A:水/10 mmol碳酸銨,移動相B:乙腈;流速:25 mL/min;梯度:25% B至50% B於5 min內,保持0.5 min; 254 nm)純化殘餘物,以提供白色固體狀標題化合物(11 mg, 0.021 mmol, 18.40%產率)。1
H NMR (400 MHz,甲醇-d 4
) δ 8.01 (s, 1H), 7.97 (s, 1H), 7.43 (s, 1H), 7.20 (d,J
= 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (d,J
= 7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (t,J
= 7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.93 (s, 1H), 3.62 (s, 2H), 2.38 (s, 1H), 2.08 (s, 6H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.50 (s, 6H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 533.2 (M+H)+
。 實例64 4-[2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-4-氟-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例64a 5-溴-2,4-二氟苯甲酸甲酯 向5-溴-2,4-二氟苯甲酸(400 mg, 1.688 mmol)於甲醇(8.44 mL)中之溶液中添加亞硫醯氯(0.493 mL, 6.75 mmol),且在65℃下將反應混合物攪拌1小時。將反應混合物傾倒至50 mL冰水中且然後用乙酸乙酯(3 × 30 mL)分配。用飽和氯化鈉水溶液洗滌有機層,用無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾,並在減壓下濃縮。藉由急速層析(矽膠,己烷)純化殘餘物,以提供標題化合物(0.269 g, 1.05 mmol, 62.3%產率)。 實例64b 5-溴-4-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-2-氟苯甲酸甲酯 在80℃下,將碳酸銫1.537 g, 4.72 mmol)、2,6-二甲酚(0.137 g, 1.120 mmol)及實例64a (0.296 g, 1.179 mmol)於二甲基亞碸(6 mL)中之混合物攪拌1小時。將反應混合物傾倒至冰水(50 mL)中且用乙酸乙酯(3 × 30 mL)分配。用飽和氯化鈉水溶液洗滌有機層,用無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾,並在減壓下濃縮。藉由急速層析(己烷)純化殘餘物,以提供無色油狀標題化合物(0.362 g, 1.026 mmol, 87%產率)。 實例64c 2-(5溴-4-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-2-氟苯基)丙-2-醇 實例64c係根據用於製備實例35c之程序、用實例64b替代實例35b來製備。 實例64d 4-[2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-4-氟-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例64d係根據用於製備實例1m之程序、用實例64c取代實例1l來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz,甲醇-d 4
) δ 7.65 (d,J
= 9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.27 (s, 1H), 7.05 - 6.93 (m, 3H), 6.86 (s, 1H), 5.98 (d,J
= 13.2 Hz, 1H), 3.62 (s, 3H), 3.31 (q,J
= 7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.98 (s, 6H), 1.50 (d,J
= 1.0 Hz, 6H), 1.12 (t,J
= 7.2 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 492.2 (M+H)+
。 實例65 N-乙基-4-[4-氟-2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例65a 5-溴-2-氟-4-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)苯甲酸甲酯 實例65a係根據用於製備實例64b之程序、用4-氟-2,6-二甲酚替代2,6-二甲酚來製備。 實例65b 2-(5-溴-2-氟-4-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)苯基)丙-2-醇 實例65b係根據用於製備實例35c之程序、用實例65a替代實例35b來製備。 實例65c N-乙基-4-[4-氟-2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例65c係根據用於製備實例1m之程序、用實例65b取代實例1l來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6
) δ 12.21 (d,J
= 2.3 Hz, 1H), 8.27 (t,J
= 5.4 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (d,J
= 9.3 Hz, 1H), 7.27 (s, 1H), 6.95 (d,J
= 9.1 Hz, 2H), 6.75 (d,J
= 2.1 Hz, 1H), 6.01 (d,J
= 12.9 Hz, 1H), 5.22 (s, 1H), 3.26 (s, 2H), 3.20 (m, 2H), 1.96 (s, 6H), 1.42 (s, 6H), 1.05 (t,J
= 7.2 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 510.2 (M+H)+
。 實例66 4-[5-(1,2-二羥丙-2-基)-2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)苯基]-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例66a 2-(2-溴-4-(prop-1-烯-2-基)苯氧基)-1,3-二甲基苯 在0℃下,向甲基三苯基溴化鏻(3.68 g, 10.34 mmol)於無水四氫呋喃(40 mL)中之混合物中添加己烷中之正丁基鋰(6.46 mL, 10.34 mmol),並在0℃下將混合物攪拌1小時。在0℃下,向混合物中逐滴添加實例3c (3 g, 9.40 mmol)於無水四氫呋喃(10 mL)中之溶液,且將混合物緩慢升溫至室溫並保持16小時。將混合物分配於水(50 mL)與乙酸乙酯(30 mL)之間,用乙酸乙酯(30 mL)萃取,經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾,且在減壓下濃縮。藉由急速層析(矽膠,用己烷溶析)純化殘餘物,以提供無色油狀標題化合物(2 g, 6.30 mmol, 67.1%產率)。 實例66b 2-(3-溴-4-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)苯基)丙烷-1,2-二醇 在0℃下,向實例66a (0.2 g, 0.630 mmol)於水(10 mL)及第三丁醇(10 mL)中之混合物中添加碳酸鉀(0.261 g, 1.891 mmol)、鋨酸鉀水合物(4.67 mg, 0.013 mmol)及六氰鐵(III)酸鉀(0.933 g, 2.84 mmol),且在環境溫度下將混合物攪拌48小時。用水(20 mL)稀釋混合物,用乙酸乙酯萃取,經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾,且濃縮以提供標題化合物(0.2 g, 0.199 mmol, 31.6%產率),其經實例66a污染。此材料未經進一步純化即用於實例66c中。 實例66c 4-[5-(1,2-二羥丙-2-基)-2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)苯基]-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 在微波反應器中在60℃下在氮下,將參(二亞苄基丙酮)二鈀(7.82 mg, 8.54 µmol)、實例66b (0.2 g, 0.171 mmol)、實例1h (0.071 g, 0.205 mmol)、1,3,5,7-四甲基-6-苯基-2,4,8-三氧雜-6-磷雜金剛烷(4.99 mg, 0.017 mmol)及磷酸鉀(0.109 g, 0.512 mmol)於四氫呋喃(4 mL)及水(1 mL)中之混合物加熱2小時。冷卻至室溫後,經由矽藻土墊過濾混合物,用乙酸乙酯(30 mL)沖洗。用水(20 mL)洗滌濾液,經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾,並濃縮至乾燥。藉由製備型HPLC (管柱:Waters HSS C18, 2.1*50 mm, 1.8 µm;移動相A:水/10 mmol碳酸銨,移動相B:乙腈;流速:25 mL/min;梯度:25% B至50% B於5 min內,保持0.5 min; 254 nm)純化粗產物,且在減壓下濃縮所收集部分。凍乾殘餘物,以提供標題化合物(0.03 g, 0.061 mmol, 35.9%產率)。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 12.24 (s, 1H), 8.34 (s, 1H), 7.51 (s, 1H), 7.35 - 7.25 (m, 2H), 7.15-7.00 (m, 3H), 6.86 (s, 1H), 6.26 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 4.86 (s, 1H), 4.70 (s, 1H), 3.59 (s, 3H), 3.50-3.20 (m, 4H), 2.00 (s, 6H), 1.39 (s, 3H), 1.16 - 1.05 (m, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 490.5 (M+H)+
。 實例67 4-[5-(2,4-二羥丁-2-基)-2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)苯基]-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例67a 2-(3-溴-4-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)苯基)丁-3-烯-2-醇 在0℃下,向實例3c (0.5 g, 1.566 mmol)於四氫呋喃(10 mL)中之溶液中添加乙烯基溴化鎂(1M於四氫呋喃中,1.6 mL),且在環境溫度下將混合物攪拌16小時。將混合物分配於水與乙酸乙酯之間,且用乙酸乙酯萃取。將合併之萃取物濃縮至乾燥且藉由急速層析(矽膠,乙酸乙酯/己烷)純化粗產物,以提供標題化合物(0.2 g, 0.576 mmol, 36.8%產率)。 實例67b 3-(3-溴-4-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)苯基)丁烷-1,3-二醇 在0℃下,向實例67a (0.4 g, 1.152 mmol)於四氫呋喃(5 mL)中之溶液中添加硼烷-四氫呋喃複合物(2.304 mL, 2.304 mmol),並在0℃下將混合物攪拌3小時。向混合物中緩慢添加水中之5 M氫氧化鈉(0.276 g, 6.91 mmol),然後添加30%過氧化氫(1.883 mL, 18.43 mmol),且在環境溫度下將混合物攪拌16小時。將混合物分配於水與乙酸乙酯之間,用乙酸乙酯萃取,經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾,且濃縮以提供標題化合物(0.4 g, 95%產率)。 實例67c 4-[5-(2,4-二羥丁-2-基)-2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)苯基]-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例67c係根據用於製備實例1m之程序、用實例67b取代實例1l來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz,甲醇-d 4
) δ 7.59 (d,J
= 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (s, 1H), 7.28 (dd,J
= 8.7, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.13 - 6.99 (m, 3H), 6.96 (s, 1H), 6.40 (d,J
= 8.7 Hz, 1H), 3.72 (s, 3H), 3.67 - 3.49 (m, 2H), 3.40 (q,J
= 7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.0 - 2.1 (m, 8H), 1.56 (s, 3H), 1.21 (t,J
= 7.2 Hz, 4H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 504.5 (M+H)+
。 實例68 4-{5-[(2R)-1,2-二羥丙-2-基]-2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)苯基}-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例68係作為第一溶析鏡像異構物自藉由手性SFC-HPLC (70% (CO2
):30%甲醇(0.1%三氟乙酸作為添加劑,AD-H管柱(10 mm×250 mm, 5 µm)分離實例66c之兩種鏡像異構物獲得。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6
) δ 12.17 (bs, 1H), 8.28 (t,J
= 5.3 Hz, 1H), 7.45 (d,J
= 2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.27 (s, 1H), 7.22 (dd,J
= 8.5, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (d,J
= 7.4 Hz, 2H), 6.98 (dd,J
= 8.5, 6.3 Hz, 1H), 6.80 (s, 1H), 6.21 (d,J
= 8.6 Hz, 1H), 4.79 (s, 1H), 4.63 (t,J
= 5.8 Hz, 1H), 3.53 (s, 3H), 3.34 (m, 1H), 3.20 (dd,J
= 7.3, 5.4 Hz, 1H), 2.01 (s, 1H), 1.95 (s, 6H), 1.33 (s, 3H), 1.05 (t,J
= 7.2 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 490.5 (M+H)+
。隨意指配立體化學。 實例69 4-{5-[(2S)-1,2-二羥丙-2-基]-2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)苯基}-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例69係作為第二溶析鏡像異構物自藉由手性SFC-HPLC (70% (CO2
):30%甲醇(0.1%三氟乙酸作為添加劑,AD-H管柱(10 mm×250 mm, 5 µm)分離實例66c之兩種鏡像異構物來獲得。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6
) δ 12.17 (s, 1H), 8.28 (t,J
= 5.4 Hz, 1H), 7.45 (d,J
= 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.27 (s, 1H), 7.22 (dd,J
= 8.6, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (d,J
= 7.4 Hz, 2H), 6.99 (dd,J
= 8.5, 6.3 Hz, 1H), 6.80 (s, 1H), 6.21 (d,J
= 8.6 Hz, 1H), 4.80 (s, 1H), 4.63 (t,J
= 5.8 Hz, 1H), 3.53 (s, 3H), 3.34 (m, 1H), 3.24 - 3.15 (m, 1H), 1.95 (s, 6H), 1.33 (s, 3H), 1.17 (s, 1H), 1.05 (t,J
= 7.3 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 490.5 (M+H)+
。隨意指配立體化學。 實例70 4-{2-[2-(二氟甲基)-6-甲基苯氧基]-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基}-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例70a 3-溴-4-(2-甲醯基-6-甲基苯氧基)苯甲酸甲酯 實例70a係根據用於製備實例35b之程序、用2-羥基-3-甲基苯甲醛取代實例35a來製備。 實例70b 3-溴-4-(2-(二氟甲基)-6-甲基苯氧基)苯甲酸甲酯 在環境溫度下,用DAST (二乙基胺基三氟化硫) (0.636 mL, 4.81 mmol)處理二氯甲烷(20 mL)中之實例70a (0.56 g, 1.604 mmol)。在環境溫度下將反應混合物攪拌過夜,且用飽和碳酸鈉水溶液處理。用二氯甲烷將水層再萃取三次。用鹽水洗滌合併之有機層,經無水硫酸鎂乾燥,過濾並濃縮。藉由矽膠上之急速管柱層析純化殘餘物,用庚烷中之10%乙酸乙酯溶析,以提供標題化合物(0.52 g, 1.401 mmol, 87%產率)。 實例70c 2-(3-溴-4-(2-(二氟甲基)-6-甲基苯氧基)苯基)丙-2-醇 實例70c係根據用於製備實例28d之程序、用實例70b取代實例28c來製備。 實例70d 4-{2-[2-(二氟甲基)-6-甲基苯氧基]-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基}-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例70d係根據用於製備實例1m之程序、用實例70c取代實例1l來製備。1
H NMR (501 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 12.22 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1H), 8.33 (t, J = 5.4 Hz, 1H), 7.54 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (s, 1H), 7.35 - 7.30 (m, 2H), 6.94 (J = 57.4 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (t, J = 2.2 Hz, 1H), 6.31 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 3.57 (s, 3H), 3.26 (qd, J = 7.2, 5.3 Hz, 2H), 1.90 (s, 3H), 1.43 (s, 6H), 1.11 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 510.1 (M+H)+
。 實例71 N-第三丁基-4-{2-[2-(二氟甲基)-6-甲基苯氧基]-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基}-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例71係根據用於製備實例1m之程序、分別用實例70c取代實例1l、且用實例32c取代實例1h來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 12.32 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.82 (s, 1H), 7.69 - 7.23 (m, 5H), 6.95 (d, J = 54.8 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (t, J = 2.2 Hz, 1H), 6.30 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 3.58 (s, 3H), 1.89 (s, 3H), 1.42 (s, 6H), 1.36 (s, 9H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 538.1 (M+H)+
。 實例72 4-[2-(4-溴-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例72a 4-(5-乙醯基-2-氟苯基)-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 合併3'-溴-4'-氟苯乙酮(0.126 g, 0.579 mmol)、實例1h (0.2 g, 0.579 mmol)、參(二亞苄基丙酮)二鈀(0) (0.016 g, 0.017 mmol)、1,3,5,7-四甲基-6-苯基-2,4,8-三氧雜-6-磷雜金剛烷(0.017 g, 0.058 mmol)及碳酸鈉(0.246 g, 2.317 mmol),並充氬15分鐘。同時,向4:1四氫呋喃/水之溶液(6.0 mL)充氮15分鐘,並在氬下藉由注射器轉移至反應容器中。在60℃下在氬下將混合物攪拌6小時,冷卻並分配於水與乙酸乙酯之間。用飽和氯化鈉水溶液洗滌有機層,經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,用3-巰基丙基官能化矽膠處理,過濾,並濃縮。藉由於1:1二氯甲烷/庚烷(5 mL)中研磨來純化,以提供白色粉末狀標題化合物(0.180 g, 85%)。 實例72b 4-(5-乙醯基-2-(4-溴-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)苯基)-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 在氬下在密封管中,將4-溴-2,6-二甲酚(0.204 g, 1.013 mmol)、實例72a (0.18 g, 0.507 mmol)及碳酸銫(0.413 g, 1.266 mmol)合併於二甲基亞碸(1.688 mL)中且在90℃下加熱18小時。將混合物分配於水與乙酸乙酯之間。用飽和氯化鈉水溶液洗滌有機層,經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾,並濃縮。藉由層析(二氧化矽,庚烷中之30%-60% 3:1乙酸乙酯/乙醇)純化,以提供標題化合物(0.12 g, 43%)。 實例72c 4-[2-(4-溴-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 在氮下在環境溫度下,用四氫呋喃中之1.4 M甲基溴化鎂(0.160 mL, 0.224 mmol)逐滴處理四氫呋喃(1.119 mL)中之實例72b (0.03 g, 0.056 mmol)。將混合物攪拌16小時且分配於5%氯化銨水溶液與乙酸乙酯之間。用飽和氯化鈉水溶液洗滌有機層,經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾,並濃縮。藉由層析(矽膠,二氯甲烷中之1%-10%甲醇)純化以提供標題化合物(0.0018 g, 6%)。1
H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 12.25 (s, 1H), 8.32 (t, J = 5.3 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.32 - 7.28 (m, 2H), 7.19 (d, J = 0.8 Hz, 2H), 6.81 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, 1H), 6.30 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 4.97 (s, 1H), 3.58 (s, 3H), 3.24 (qd, J = 7.2, 5.3 Hz, 2H), 1.99 (s, 6H), 1.42 (s, 6H), 1.10 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 552 [M+H]+
。 實例73 4-[2-(4-氰基-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例73a 4-(4-乙醯基-2-溴苯氧基)-3,5-二甲基苯甲腈 在氬下在密封管中,將4-羥基-3,5-二甲基苯甲腈(0.356 g, 2.419 mmol)、3'-溴-4'-氟苯乙酮(0.5 g, 2.304 mmol)及碳酸銫(1.126 g, 3.46 mmol)合併於二甲基亞碸(7.68 mL)中,且在90℃下加熱18小時。將混合物冷卻且分配於5%碳酸氫鈉水溶液與乙酸乙酯之間。用飽和氯化鈉水溶液洗滌有機層,經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾,並濃縮。藉由層析(矽膠,庚烷中之0-40%乙酸乙酯)純化以提供標題化合物(0.3 g, 51%)。 實例73b 4-(2-溴-4-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯氧基)-3,5-二甲基苯甲腈 在氮下在10℃下,用四氫呋喃中之1.4 M甲基溴化鎂(0.913 mL, 1.278 mmol)逐滴處理四氫呋喃(6.39 mL)中之實例73a (0.22 g, 0.639 mmol)。將混合物攪拌1小時且分配於5%氯化銨水溶液與乙酸乙酯之間。用飽和氯化鈉水溶液洗滌有機層,經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾,並濃縮。藉由層析(二氧化矽,庚烷中之5%-50%乙酸乙酯)純化,以提供白色固體狀標題化合物(0.21 g, 88%)。 實例73c 4-[2-(4-氰基-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 合併實例73b (0.052 g, 0.145 mmol)、實例1h (0.05 g, 0.145 mmol)、參(二亞苄基丙酮)二鈀(0) (3.98 mg, 4.35 µmol)、1,3,5,7-四甲基-6-苯基-2,4,8-三氧雜-6-磷雜金剛烷(4.23 mg, 0.014 mmol)及碳酸鈉(0.061 g, 0.579 mmol),並充氬15分鐘。同時,向4:1四氫呋喃/水之溶液(1.5 mL)充氮15分鐘,並在氬下藉由注射器轉移至反應容器中。在60℃下在氬下將混合物攪拌16小時,冷卻並分配於水與乙酸乙酯之間。用飽和氯化鈉水溶液洗滌有機層,經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,用3-巰基丙基官能化矽膠處理,過濾,並濃縮。藉由層析(庚烷中之25%-60% 3:1乙酸乙酯/乙醇)純化,以提供白色固體狀標題化合物(0.055 g, 73%)。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 12.19 (s, 1H), 8.30 (t, J = 5.4 Hz, 1H), 7.63 (s, 2H), 7.51 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (m, 2H), 6.80 (s, 1H), 6.29 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 4.98 (s, 1H), 3.56 (s, 3H), 3.25 - 3.16 (m, 2H), 2.01 (s, 6H), 1.41 (s, 6H), 1.08 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 499 [M+H]。 實例74 4-{2-[(2,4-二甲基吡啶-3-基)氧基]-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基}-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例74a 1-(3-溴-4-((2,4-二甲基吡啶-3-基)氧基)苯基)乙酮 在約90℃下,將3'-溴-4'-氟苯乙酮(1.0128 g, 4.67 mmol)、2,4-二甲基吡啶-3-醇(0.603 g, 4.90 mmol)及碳酸銫(2.281 g, 7.00 mmol)於二甲基亞碸(15.56 mL)中之懸浮液攪拌過夜。將反應混合物分配於水與乙酸乙酯之間。用乙酸乙酯萃取水層。用鹽水洗滌合併之有機層,經無水硫酸鎂乾燥,過濾並濃縮。藉由急速層析(10%-70% (3:1乙酸乙酯:乙醇):庚烷)純化殘餘物,以提供無色油狀標題化合物(1.1753 g, 79%)。 實例74b 2-(3-溴-4-((2,4-二甲基吡啶-3-基)氧基)苯基)丙-2-醇; 向實例74a (1.1753 g, 3.67 mmol)於四氫呋喃(25 mL)中之溶液中逐滴添加甲基溴化鎂(4.46 mL, 6.24 mmol)。在環境溫度下將反應混合物攪拌3小時。用飽和氯化銨淬滅反應混合物,並用乙酸乙酯萃取。用鹽水洗滌合併之有機層,經無水硫酸鎂乾燥,過濾並濃縮。藉由急速層析(20%-80% (3:1乙酸乙酯:乙醇):庚烷)純化殘餘物,以提供在靜置過夜後固化至白色固體之無色油狀標題化合物(0.7518 g, 61%)。 實例74c 4-{2-[(2,4-二甲基吡啶-3-基)氧基]-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基}-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例74c (0.0858 g, 61%)係根據用於製備實例1m之程序、用實例74b取代實例1l來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6
) δ 12.21 (s, 1H), 8.32 (t, J = 5.3 Hz, 1H), 8.17 (d, J = 4.9 Hz, 1H), 7.52 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (s, 1H), 7.32 (dd, J = 8.6, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (d, J = 5.0 Hz, 1H), 6.83 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, 1H), 6.29 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 4.99 (s, 1H), 3.58 (s, 3H), 3.31 - 3.19 (m, 2H), 2.18 (s, 3H), 2.04 (s, 3H), 1.43 (s, 6H), 1.10 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 524.2 (M+H)+
。 實例75 N-(二環[1.1.1]戊-1-基)-4-[2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例75a 6-甲基-7-側氧基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧雜硼烷-2-基)-1-甲苯磺醯基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲酸乙酯 實例75a係根據用於製備實例1h之程序、用實例1f取代實例1g來製備。 實例75b 4-(2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基)-6-甲基-7-側氧基-1-甲苯磺醯基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲酸乙酯 將裝填有實例75a (3.506 g, 7.01 mmol)、碳酸銫(3.11 g, 9.55 mmol)、參(二亞苄基丙酮)二鈀(0) (65 mg, 0.071 mmol)及1,3,5,7-四甲基-6-苯基-2,4,8-三氧雜-6-磷雜金剛烷(84 mg, 0.287 mmol)之燒瓶密封且用氮吹掃15分鐘,然後添加實例35c (2.056 g, 5.82 mmol)於四氫呋喃(40.0 mL)/水(10 mL)中之脫氣溶液。在60℃下將混合物加熱5小時。將反應混合物分配於水與乙酸乙酯之間。經無水硫酸鈉乾燥有機相。過濾且去除溶劑後,在80 g二氧化矽柱上對殘餘物實施層析,用0-100%乙酸乙酯/庚烷溶析,以提供3,21g (85%)標題化合物。 實例75c 4-(2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基)-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲酸 在70℃下,將實例75b (3.21 g, 4.96 mmol)及氫氧化鋰單水合物(2.13 g, 50.8 mmol)於1,4-二噁烷(75 mL)及水(25 mL)之混合物中之混合物加熱2小時,然後冷卻至環境溫度,且用1 M HCl調節至pH 2-3。用400 mL冰水稀釋混合物,用2 × 200 mL甲基第三丁基醚萃取。經無水硫酸鈉乾燥合併之有機物。過濾且去除溶劑後,在40 g HP二氧化矽管柱上對殘餘物實施層析,用10-100% 3:1乙酸乙酯:乙醇/庚烷溶析,以提供1.95g (85%)標題化合物。 實例75d N-(二環[1.1.1]戊-1-基)-4-(2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基)-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 在環境溫度下,將實例75c (59.4 mg, 0.128 mmol)、N1
-((乙基亞胺基)亞甲基)-N3
,N3
-二甲基丙烷-1,3-二胺鹽酸鹽(36 mg, 0.188 mmol)、1H-苯并[d][1,2,3]三唑-1-醇水合物(33 mg, 0.215 mmol)、二環[1.1.1]戊-1-胺鹽酸鹽(24.7 mg, 0.207 mmol)及4-甲基嗎啉(65 µl, 0.591 mmol)於二氯甲烷(4 mL)中之混合物攪拌16小時。將混合物分配於碳酸氫鈉水溶液與二氯甲烷之間。經無水硫酸鈉乾燥有機物,過濾且濃縮。對殘餘物實施層析(矽膠,0-10%氨飽和甲醇/二氯甲烷),以提供標題化合物(0.045 g, 66%產率)。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6
) δ 12.14 (s, 1H), 8.85 (s, 1H), 7.49 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 2H), 7.31-7.28 (m, 3H), 6.96 (d, J = 9.1 Hz, 1H), 6.83 (s, 1H), 6.29 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 4.96 (s, 1H), 3.57 (s, 3H), 2.42 (s 1H), 2.02 (s, 6H), 1.93 (s, 6H), 1.42 (s, 6H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 530.1 (M+H)+
。 實例76 N-第三丁基-4-[3-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-6-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-2-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例76a 6-溴-5-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)吡啶甲酸甲酯 實例76a係根據用於製備實例35b之程序、分別用2,6-二甲酚取代實例35a、且用6-溴-5-氟吡啶甲酸甲酯取代3-溴-4-氟苯甲酸甲酯來製備。 實例76b 2-(6-溴-5-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)吡啶-2-基)丙-2-醇 實例76b係根據用於製備實例28d之程序、用實例76a取代實例28c來製備。 實例76c N-第三丁基-4-[3-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-6-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-2-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例76c係根據用於製備實例37之程序、用實例76b取代實例29b來製備。1
H NMR (501 MHz, DMSO-d 6
) δ 12.23 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.32 (t, J = 5.3 Hz, 1H), 7.82 (s, 1H), 7.66 - 7.57 (m, 2H), 7.57 - 7.49 (m, 2H), 7.45 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (dd, J = 8.4, 6.4 Hz, 1H), 6.74 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 3.61 (s, 3H), 2.03 (s, 3H), 1.48 (s, 6H), 1.37 (s, 9H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 503.2 (M+H)+
。 實例77 4-[3-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-6-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-2-基]-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例77之三氟乙酸鹽係根據用於製備實例1m之程序、用實例76b取代實例1l來製備。1
H NMR (501 MHz, DMSO-d 6
) δ 12.23 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.32 (t, J = 5.3 Hz, 1H), 7.82 (s, 1H), 7.66 - 7.57 (m, 2H), 7.57 - 7.49 (m, 2H), 7.45 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (dd, J = 8.4, 6.4 Hz, 1H), 6.74 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 3.61 (s, 3H), 3.27 (qd, J = 7.2, 5.2 Hz, 2H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.48 (s, 6H), 1.12 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 475.1 (M+H)+
。 實例78 N-乙基-4-[2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(1-氟-2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例78a 2-(5-溴-6-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)吡啶-3-基)-1-氟丙-2-醇 在82℃下在密封小瓶中,將實例43b (0.200 g, 0.565 mmol)及1-(氯甲基)-4-氟-1,4-二氮雜二環[2.2.2]辛烷-1,4-二鎓四氟硼酸鹽(0.231 g, 0.652 mmol)於無水乙腈(6 mL)中之溶液加熱68小時。將混合物冷卻至環境溫度且分配於各自50 mL飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液與二氯甲烷之間。用水將有機物洗滌兩次,經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並濃縮。藉由層析(矽膠,0-50%乙酸乙酯/庚烷)純化殘餘物以提供標題化合物(0.052 g, 25%)。 實例78b N-乙基-4-(2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(1-氟-2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例78b係根據用於製備實例1m之程序、用實例78a取代實例1l來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6
) δ 12.06 (s, 1H), 8.33 (t, J = 5.4 Hz, 1H), 8.11 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.96 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.43 (s, 1H), 6.91 (d, J = 9.1 Hz, 2H), 6.84 (s, 1H), 5.63 (s, 1H), 4.46 (s, 1H), 4.34 (s, 1H), 3.59 (s, 3H), 3.25 (m, 2H), 1.97 (s, 6H), 1.48 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 3H), 1.10 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z = 511.2 (M+H)+
。 實例79 N-乙基-4-[2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(1,1,1-三氟-2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例79a 5-溴-6-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)菸鹼酸 實例79a係根據用於製備實例3a之程序、用5-溴-6-氯菸鹼酸甲酯取代3-溴-4-氟苯甲酸甲酯且用實例35a取代2,6-二甲酚來製備。 實例79b 5-溴-6-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-N-甲氧基-N-甲基菸鹼醯胺 實例79b係根據用於製備實例1j之程序、用實例79a取代實例1i來製備。 實例79c 1-(5-溴-6-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)吡啶-3-基)乙酮 實例79c根據用於製備實例1k之程序、用實例79b取代實例1j來製備。 實例79d 2-(5-溴-6-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)吡啶-3-基)-1,1,1-三氟丙-2-醇 用三甲基(三氟甲基)矽烷之溶液(2.0 M於四氫呋喃中,1.2 mL, 2.400 mmol)處理實例79c (0.585 g, 1.730 mmol)及氟化銫(0.284 g, 1.870 mmol)於四氫呋喃(12.00 mL)中之溶液。在環境溫度下將混合物攪拌3小時且分配於乙酸乙酯與水之間。經無水硫酸鎂乾燥有機物,過濾,並濃縮,且藉由層析(矽膠,0-50%乙酸乙酯/庚烷)純化殘餘物,以提供標題化合物(0.132 g, 19%)。 實例79e N-乙基-4-(2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(1,1,1-三氟-2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基)-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例79e係根據用於製備實例1m之程序、用實例79d取代實例1l來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6
) δ 12.33 (s, 1H), 8.33 (t, J = 5.4 Hz, 1H), 8.22 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.04 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.45 (s, 1H), 6.92 (d, J = 9.1 Hz, 2H), 6.82 (s, 1H), 6.81 (s, 1H), 3.59 (s, 3H), 3.25 (m, 2H), 1.97 (s, 6H), 1.73 (s, 3H), 1.10 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 547.1 (M+H)+
。 實例80 N-乙基-4-[2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(1,1,1,3,3,3-六氟-2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例80a (5-溴-6-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)吡啶-3-基)(1H-咪唑-1-基)甲酮 在環境溫度下,將實例79a (0.488 g, 1.435 mmol)及二(1H-咪唑-1-基)甲酮(0.282 g, 1.739 mmol)於二氯甲烷(10 mL)中之溶液攪拌過夜。將混合物分配於pH 7緩衝溶液與二氯甲烷之間。經無水硫酸鎂乾燥有機物,過濾,且濃縮以提供0.551g (98%)標題化合物。 實例80b 2-(5-溴-6-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)吡啶-3-基)-1,1,1,3,3,3-六氟丙-2-醇 用三甲基(三氟甲基)矽烷於四氫呋喃中之2.0 M溶液(2.118 mL, 4.24 mmol)處理實例80a (0.551 g, 1.412 mmol)及氟化銫(0.436 g, 2.87 mmol)於四氫呋喃(12.00 mL)中之溶液。在環境溫度下將混合物攪拌90分鐘並分配於乙酸乙酯與水之間。經無水硫酸鎂乾燥有機物,過濾,並濃縮。在40 g二氧化矽柱上對殘餘物實施層析,用0-50%乙酸乙酯/庚烷溶析,以提供0.618 g (95%)標題化合物。 實例80c N-乙基-4-[2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(1,1,1,3,3,3-六氟-2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例80c係根據用於製備實例1m之程序、用實例80b取代實例1l來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 12.38 (s, 1H), 9.06 (s, 1H), 8.34 (t, J = 5.4 Hz, 1H), 8.32 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.08 (d, J = 2.5 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (d, J = 9.1 Hz, 2H), 6.80 (s, 1H), 3.59 (s, 3H), 3.26 (m, 2H), 1.97 (s, 6H), 1.10 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI) m/z 601.1 (M+H)+
。 實例81 N-乙基-4-[2-(2-氟-6-甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例81a 3-溴-4-(2-氟-6-甲基苯氧基)苯甲酸甲酯 實例81a係根據用於製備實例35b之程序、用2-甲基-6-氟酚取代實例35a來製備。 實例81b 實例81b係根據用於製備實例28d之程序、用實例81a取代實例28c來製備。 實例81c N-乙基-4-[2-(2-氟-6-甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例81c係根據用於製備實例1m之程序、用實例81b取代實例1l來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 12.18 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1H), 8.29 (t, J = 5.3 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.39 - 7.24 (m, 2H), 7.19 - 7.03 (m, 2H), 6.82 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1H), 6.42 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.56 (s, 3H), 3.23 (qd, J = 7.2, 5.2 Hz, 4H), 2.09 (s, 3H), 1.41 (s, 6H), 1.08 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 478.1 (M+H)+
。 實例82 N-(d 5
)乙基-4-[2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 向燒瓶中裝填四氫呋喃(4 mL)中之實例75c (103 mg, 0.222 mmol)、N1
-((乙基亞胺基)亞甲基)-N3
,N3
-二甲基丙烷-1,3-二胺鹽酸鹽(51 mg, 0.266 mmol)、1H-苯并[d][1,2,3]三唑-1-醇水合物(41 mg, 0.268 mmol)及4-甲基嗎啉(100 µL, 0.910 mmol)。為燒瓶配備乾冰冷凝器且於冰/水浴中冷卻。使氣體鋼瓶之乙胺-d5
(1.3 g, 25.9 mmol)流入反應容器中。將混合物升溫至環境溫度,同時攪拌過夜。將混合物分配於乙酸乙酯與碳酸氫鈉水溶液之間,且經無水硫酸鈉乾燥有機物,過濾,並濃縮。在4 g二氧化矽柱上對殘餘物實施層析,用10%-100% 3:1乙酸乙酯:乙醇/庚烷溶析,以提供12 mg (11%)標題化合物。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 12.21 (s, 1H), 8.32 (t, J = 5.4 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.37 - 7.21 (m, 2H), 6.96 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), 6.83 (s, 1H), 6.29 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 4.96 (s, 1H), 3.58 (s, 3H), 2.00 (s, 6H), 1.42 (s, 6H)。MS (ESI+), m/z = 497.2 (M+H)+
。 實例83 N-乙基-4-[2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(1-氟-2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例83a 2-(3-溴-4-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)苯基)-1-氟丙-2-醇 實例83a係根據用於製備實例78a之程序、用實例35c取代實例43b來製備。 實例83b N-乙基-4-(2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(1-氟-2-羥丙-2-基)苯基)-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例83b係根據用於製備實例1m之程序、用實例83a取代實例1l來製備。1
H NMR (501 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 12.21 (s, 1H), 8.32 (t, J = 5.4 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (m, 1H), 7.33 (s, 1H), 6.97 (d, J = 9.1 Hz, 2H), 6.82 (s, 1H), 6.33 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 5.43 (s, 1H), 4.38 (m, 1H), 4.30 (m, 1H), 3.58 (s, 3H), 3.25 (m, 2H), 2.00 (s, 6H), 1.45 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 3H), 1.10 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 510.1 (M+H)+
。 實例84 4-[2-(4-氯-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例84a 3-溴-4-(4-氯-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)苯甲酸甲酯 氬下在密封管中,將4-氯-2,6-二甲酚(0.672 g, 4.29 mmol)、3-溴-4-氟苯甲酸甲酯(1.0 g, 4.29 mmol)及碳酸銫(2.097 g, 6.44 mmol)合併於二甲基亞碸(4.29 mL)中且在80℃下加熱3小時。將混合物分配於水與乙酸乙酯之間。用飽和氯化鈉水溶液洗滌有機層,經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾,並濃縮。藉由層析(矽膠,庚烷中之0-30%乙酸乙酯)純化,以提供標題化合物(1.57 g, 93%)。 實例84b 2-(3-溴-4-(4-氯-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)苯基)丙-2-醇 在氮下在23℃下,向實例84a (0.4 g, 1.082 mmol)於四氫呋喃(5.41 mL)中之溶液中逐滴添加甲基氯化鎂(1.082 mL, 3.25 mmol, 3.0M於二乙醚中)。在環境溫度下將混合物攪拌2小時,傾倒至5%氯化銨水溶液中,且分配於乙酸乙酯與水之間。用飽和氯化鈉水溶液洗滌有機層,經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾,並濃縮。藉由層析(矽膠,庚烷中之0-60%乙酸乙酯)純化所得殘餘物,以提供標題化合物(0.376 g, 81%)。 實例84c 4-[2-(4-氯-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 合併實例1h (0.05 g, 0.145 mmol)、實例84b (0.054 g, 0.145 mmol)、參(二亞苄基丙酮)二鈀(0) (3.98 mg, 4.35 µmol)、1,3,5,7-四甲基-6-苯基-2,4,8-三氧雜-6-磷雜金剛烷(4.23 mg, 0.014 mmol)及碳酸鈉(0.061 g, 0.579 mmol),且充氬15分鐘。同時,向4:1四氫呋喃/水之溶液(2.0 mL)充氮15分鐘,並在氬下藉由注射器轉移至反應容器中。在60℃下在氬下將混合物攪拌16小時,冷卻並分配於乙酸乙酯與水之間。用飽和氯化鈉水溶液洗滌有機層,經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,用3-巰基丙基官能化矽膠處理,過濾,並濃縮。藉由層析(二氧化矽,庚烷中之25%-60% 3:1乙酸乙酯/乙醇)純化所得殘餘物,以提供標題化合物(0.020 g, 25%)。1
H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 12.25 (s, 1H), 8.32 (t, J = 5.3 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.32 - 7.28 (m, 2H), 7.19 (d, J = 0.8 Hz, 2H), 6.81 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, 1H), 6.30 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 4.97 (s, 1H), 3.58 (s, 3H), 3.24 (qd, J = 7.2, 5.3 Hz, 2H), 1.99 (s, 6H), 1.42 (s, 6H), 1.10 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 508 [M+H]+
。 實例85 N-乙基-4-{5-(2-羥丙-2-基)-2-[4-(甲烷磺醯基)-2,6-二甲基苯氧基]苯基}-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例85a 3-溴-4-(2,6-二甲基-4-(甲基磺醯基)苯氧基)苯甲酸甲酯 在氬下在密封管中,將2,6-二甲基-4-(甲基磺醯基)phenol (0.307 g, 1.533 mmol)、3-溴-4-氟苯甲酸甲酯(0.375 g, 1.609 mmol)及碳酸銫(0.749 g, 2.299 mmol)合併於二甲基亞碸(1.533 mL)中,且在100℃下加熱24小時。將混合物分配於水與乙酸乙酯之間。用飽和氯化鈉水溶液洗滌有機層,經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾,並濃縮。藉由層析(二氧化矽,庚烷中之20%-40% 3:1乙酸乙酯/乙醇)純化所得殘餘物,以提供80%-90%純之材料。將此材料於1:1乙酸乙酯/庚烷中研磨以提供標題化合物(0.29 g, 44%)。 實例85b 2-(3-溴-4-(2,6-二甲基-4-(甲基磺醯基)苯氧基)苯基)丙-2-醇 在氮下在環境溫度下,向實例85a (0.289 g, 0.699 mmol)於四氫呋喃(3.50 mL)中之溶液中逐滴添加甲基氯化鎂(0.699 mL, 2.098 mmol, 3.0 M於四氫呋喃中)。在環境溫度下將混合物攪拌2小時,傾倒至5%氯化銨水溶液中且分配於乙酸乙酯與水之間。用飽和氯化鈉水溶液洗滌有機層,經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾,並濃縮。藉由層析(矽膠,庚烷中之0-50%乙酸乙酯)純化所得殘餘物,以提供黏性白色固體狀標題化合物(0.162 g, 47%)。 實例85c N-乙基-4-{5-(2-羥丙-2-基)-2-[4-(甲烷磺醯基)-2,6-二甲基苯氧基]苯基}-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 合併實例1h (0.05 g, 0.145 mmol)、實例85b (0.060 g, 0.145 mmol)、參(二亞苄基丙酮)二鈀(0) (3.98 mg, 4.35 µmol)、1,3,5,7-四甲基-6-苯基-2,4,8-三氧雜-6-磷雜金剛烷(4.23 mg, 0.014 mmol)及碳酸鈉(0.061 g, 0.579 mmol),且充氬15分鐘。同時,向4:1四氫呋喃/水之溶液(2.0 mL)充氮15分鐘,並在氬下藉由注射器轉移至反應容器中。在60℃下在氬下將混合物攪拌16小時,冷卻至環境溫度,並分配於乙酸乙酯與水之間。用飽和氯化鈉水溶液洗滌有機層,經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,用3-巰基丙基官能化矽膠處理,過濾,並濃縮。藉由層析(二氧化矽,庚烷中之25%-60% 3:1乙酸乙酯/乙醇)純化,以提供白色固體狀標題化合物(0.070 g, 82%)。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 12.20 (s, 1H), 8.31 (t, J = 5.3 Hz, 1H), 7.66 (s, 2H), 7.52 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.33 (s, 1H), 7.30 (dd, J = 8.6, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.82 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H), 6.31 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 4.98 (s, 1H), 3.56 (s, 3H), 3.25 - 3.18 (m, 2H), 3.15 (s, 3H), 2.07 (s, 6H), 1.41 (s, 6H), 1.08 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 552 [M+H]+
。 實例86 N-乙基-4-[2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(1,1,1-三氟-2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例86a 3-溴-4-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)苯甲酸 將實例35b (2.0 g, 5.66 mmol)及氫氧化鋰水合物(0.951 g, 22.65 mmol)於甲醇(3.79 mL)、四氫呋喃(3.79 mL)及水(1.897 mL)之混合物中之溶液攪拌90分鐘。濃縮混合物,然後用15 mL水稀釋且用2M HCl酸化至pH 2。在真空烘箱中乾燥沈澱物,以提供1.77 g (92%)標題化合物。 實例86b 3-溴-4-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-N-甲氧基-N-甲基苯甲醯胺 實例86b係根據用於製備實例1j之程序、用實例86a取代實例1i來製備。 實例86c 1-(3-溴-4-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)苯基)乙酮 實例86c係根據用於製備實例1k之程序、用實例86b取代實例1j來製備。 實例86d 2-(3-溴-4-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)苯基)-1,1,1-三氟丙-2-醇 實例86d係根據用於製備實例79d之程序、用實例86c取代實例79c來製備。 實例86e N-乙基-4-(2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(1,1,1-三氟-2-羥丙-2-基)苯基)-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例86e係根據用於製備實例1m之程序、用實例86d取代實例1l來製備。1
H NMR (501 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 12.12 (s, 1H), 8.34 (t, J = 5.4 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (dd, J = 8.7, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (s, 1H), 6.98 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), 6.80 (s, 1H), 6.58 (s, 1H), 6.40 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 3.58 (s, 3H), 3.25 (qd, J = 7.2, 5.3 Hz, 2H), 2.00 (s, 6H), 1.68 (s, 3H), 1.10 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI) M/Z 544.1 (M+H)+
。 實例87 N-第三丁基-4-[2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(1-氟-2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 合併實例32c (0.05 g, 0.134 mmol)、實例83a (0.050 g, 0.134 mmol)、參(二亞苄基丙酮)二鈀(0) (3.68 mg, 4.02 µmol)、1,3,5,7-四甲基-6-苯基-2,4,8-三氧雜-6-磷雜金剛烷(3.92 mg, 0.013 mmol)及碳酸鈉(0.057 g, 0.536 mmol),並充氬15分鐘。同時,向4:1四氫呋喃/水之溶液(2.0 mL)充氮15分鐘,並在氬下藉由注射器轉移至反應容器中。在60℃下在氬下將混合物攪拌3小時,冷卻並分配於乙酸乙酯與水之間。用飽和氯化鈉水溶液洗滌有機層,經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,用3-巰基丙基官能化矽膠處理,過濾,並濃縮。藉由層析(二氧化矽,庚烷中之25%-60% 3:1乙酸乙酯/乙醇)純化所得殘餘物,以提供白色固體狀標題化合物(0.0491 g, 62%)。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 12.32 (s, 1H), 7.82 (s, 1H), 7.52 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.36 - 7.27 (m, 2H), 6.95 (d, J = 9.1 Hz, 2H), 6.80 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.31 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 5.42 (s, 1H), 4.42 - 4.34 (m, 1H), 4.29 - 4.23 (m, 1H), 3.57 (s, 3H), 1.98 (s, 6H), 1.43 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 3H), 1.33 (s, 9H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 538 [M+H]。 實例88 4-[2-(4-氯-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(1-氟-2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例88a 2-(3-溴-4-(4-氯-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)苯基)-1-氟丙-2-醇 在氬下在密封管中在80℃下,將實例84b (0.3 g, 0.812 mmol)及1-(氯甲基)-4-氟-1,4-二氮雜二環[2.2.2]辛烷-1,4-二鎓四氟硼酸鹽(0.316 g, 0.893 mmol)於乙腈(8.12 mL)中之溶液加熱30分鐘。將反應混合物冷卻且分配於乙酸乙酯與5%碳酸氫鈉水溶液之間。用飽和氯化鈉水溶液洗滌有機層,經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾,並濃縮。藉由層析(二氧化矽,庚烷中之5%-35%乙酸乙酯)純化,以提供在靜置後固化之黏性油狀標題化合物(0.2 g, 64%)。 實例88b 4-[2-(4-氯-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(1-氟-2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 合併實例1h (0.05 g, 0.145 mmol)、實例88a (0.056 g, 0.145 mmol)、參(二亞苄基丙酮)二鈀(0) (3.98 mg, 4.35 µmol)、1,3,5,7-四甲基-6-苯基-2,4,8-三氧雜-6-磷雜金剛烷(4.23 mg, 0.014 mmol)及碳酸鈉(0.061 g, 0.579 mmol),並充氬15分鐘。同時,向4:1四氫呋喃/水之溶液(2.0 mL)充氮15分鐘,並在氬下藉由注射器轉移至反應容器中。在60℃下在氬下將混合物攪拌18小時,冷卻並分配於乙酸乙酯與水之間。用飽和氯化鈉水溶液洗滌有機層,經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,用3-巰基丙基官能化矽膠處理,過濾,並濃縮。藉由層析(二氧化矽,庚烷中之25%-60% 3:1乙酸乙酯/乙醇)純化所得殘餘物,以提供白色固體狀標題化合物(0.06 g, 79%)。1
H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 12.25 (s, 1H), 8.38 - 8.30 (m, 1H), 7.55 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), 7.23 (t, J = 0.8 Hz, 2H), 6.84 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H), 6.37 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 5.47 (s, 1H), 4.44 - 4.38 (m, 1H), 4.35 - 4.28 (m, 1H), 3.60 (s, 3H), 3.27 (qd, J = 7.2, 5.3 Hz, 2H), 2.01 (s, 6H), 1.47 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 3H), 1.12 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 526 [M+H]+
。 實例89 4-[2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例89a 5-氯-6-(2,4-二氟苯基)菸鹼酸甲酯 用氮將2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧雜硼烷(1.0095 g, 4.21 mmol)、5,6-二氯菸鹼酸甲酯(0.953 g, 4.63 mmol)、碳酸鈉(1.560 g, 14.72 mmol)、參(二亞苄基丙酮)二鈀(0) (0.193 g, 0.210 mmol)及1,3,5,7-四甲基-6-苯基-2,4,8-三氧雜-6-磷雜金剛烷(0.209 g, 0.715 mmol)流動吹掃1小時。添加脫氣之四氫呋喃(11.21 mL)及水(2.80 mL)。在60℃下將反應混合物加熱6小時。將反應混合物冷卻至環境溫度並分配於乙酸乙酯與水之間。用鹽水洗滌有機層,經無水硫酸鎂乾燥,過濾並濃縮。藉由急速層析(10%乙酸乙酯:庚烷至50%乙酸乙酯:庚烷,經20分鐘)純化殘餘物。濃縮所收集部分。藉由急速層析(100% CH2
Cl2
,經15分鐘)純化殘餘物,以提供白色固體狀標題化合物(0.8605 g, 72%產率)。 實例89b 2-(5-氯-6-(2,4-二氟苯基)吡啶-3-基)丙-2-醇 向實例89a (0.2061 g, 0.727 mmol)於四氫呋喃(4.38 mL)中之溶液中逐滴添加甲基溴化鎂(1.557 mL, 2.180 mmol)。在環境溫度下將反應混合物攪拌約3小時。用飽和氯化銨淬滅反應混合物,並用乙酸乙酯萃取。用鹽水洗滌合併之有機層,經無水硫酸鎂乾燥,過濾並濃縮。藉由急速層析(20%-60%乙酸乙酯/庚烷)純化殘餘物,以提供在靜置過夜後固化至白色固體之無色油狀標題化合物(0.1817 g, 88%產率)。 實例89c 4-[2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例89c (0.0319 g, 22%)係根據用於製備實例1m之程序、用實例89b取代實例1l來製備。1
H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6
) δ 12.29 - 12.15 (m, 1H), 8.81 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1H), 8.30 - 8.23 (m, 1H), 7.95 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.54 - 7.45 (m, 1H), 7.13 - 7.01 (m, 2H), 7.02 (s, 1H), 6.52 (d, J = 1.7 Hz, 1H), 5.38 (s, 1H), 3.42 (s, 3H), 3.24 (qd, J = 7.2, 5.3 Hz, 2H), 1.56 (s, 6H), 1.11 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 467.2 (M+H)+
。 實例90 N-第三丁基-4-{5-(2-羥丙-2-基)-2-[4-(甲烷磺醯基)-2,6-二甲基苯氧基]苯基}-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 合併實例32c (0.04 g, 0.107 mmol)、實例85b (0.044 g, 0.107 mmol)、參(二亞苄基丙酮)二鈀(0) (2.94 mg, 3.21 µmol)、1,3,5,7-四甲基-6-苯基-2,4,8-三氧雜-6-磷雜金剛烷(3.13 mg, 10.72 µmol)及碳酸鈉(0.045 g, 0.429 mmol),並充氬15分鐘。同時,向4:1四氫呋喃/水之溶液(1.4 mL)充氮15分鐘,並在氬下藉由注射器轉移至反應容器中。在60℃下在氬下將混合物攪拌4小時,冷卻並分配於乙酸乙酯與水之間。用飽和氯化鈉水溶液洗滌有機層,經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,用3-巰基丙基官能化矽膠處理,過濾,並濃縮。藉由層析(二氧化矽,庚烷中之25%-60% 3:1乙酸乙酯/乙醇)純化殘餘物,以提供標題化合物(0.056 g, 88%)。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 12.34 (s, 1H), 7.84 (s, 1H), 7.69 (s, 2H), 7.54 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.35 (s, 1H), 7.31 (dd, J = 8.5, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H), 6.32 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 5.01 (s, 1H), 3.59 (s, 3H), 3.17 (s, 3H), 2.09 (s, 6H), 1.43 (s, 6H), 1.35 (s, 9H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 580 [M+H]+
。 實例91 N-乙基-4-[2-(3-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例91a 6-(3-胺基-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-溴菸鹼酸甲酯 在65℃下,將5-溴-6-氟菸鹼酸甲酯(900 mg, 3.85 mmol)、實例99d (528 mg, 3.85 mmol)及碳酸銫(2506 mg, 7.69 mmol)於二甲基亞碸(12 mL)中之混合攪拌2小時。將反應混合物分配於水(80 mL)與乙酸乙酯(150 mL)之間。用乙酸乙酯再萃取水層且用鹽水洗滌合併之有機層,經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並濃縮。藉由管柱層析(矽膠,石油醚中之20%至50%乙酸乙酯)純化殘餘物,以提供標題化合物(365 mg, 0.831 mmol, 21.62%產率)。 實例91b 5-溴-6-(3-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)菸鹼酸甲酯 實例91b係根據用於製備實例104a之程序、用實例91a取代實例99e來製備。 實例91c 2-(5-溴-6-(3-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)吡啶-3-基)丙-2-醇 實例91c係根據用於製備實例28d之程序、用實例91b取代實例28c來製備。 實例91d N-乙基-4-[2-(3-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例91d係根據用於製備實例1m之程序、用實例91c取代實例1l來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz,甲醇-d4
) δ 8.14 (s, 1H), 8.08 (s, 1H), 7.47 (s, 1H), 7.06 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 1H), 6.97 (s, 1H), 6.87 (t, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 3.74 (s, 3H), 3.43 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 2H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.99 (s, 3H), 1.61 (s, 6H), 1.24 (t, J = 6.9 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 493 (M+H)+
。 實例92 N-第三丁基-4-{5-(2-羥丙-2-基)-2-[4-(甲烷磺醯基)-2,6-二甲基苯氧基]吡啶-3-基}-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例92a 5-溴-6-(2,6-二甲基-4-(甲基磺醯基)苯氧基)菸鹼酸甲酯 在氬下在密封管中,將2,6-二甲基-4-(甲基磺醯基)酚(0.420 g, 2.096 mmol)、5-溴-6-氯菸鹼酸甲酯(0.5 g, 1.996 mmol)及碳酸銫(0.976 g, 2.99 mmol)合併於二甲基亞碸(4.0 mL)中,且在80℃下攪拌4小時。將混合物冷卻,用100 mL水稀釋且攪拌15分鐘。藉由過濾收集固體,且乾燥至恆定質量,以提供黃褐色固體狀標題化合物(0.62 g, 75%)。 實例92b 2-(5-溴-6-(2,6-二甲基-4-(甲基磺醯基)苯氧基)吡啶-3-基)丙-2-醇 在氮下在環境溫度下,向實例92a (0.62 g, 1.497 mmol)於四氫呋喃(7.48 mL)中之溶液中逐滴添加甲基氯化鎂(1.497 mL, 4.49 mmol, 3.0M於四氫呋喃中)。在環境溫度下將混合物攪拌2小時,傾倒至5%氯化銨水溶液中且分配於乙酸乙酯與水之間。用飽和氯化鈉水溶液洗滌有機層,經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾,並濃縮。藉由層析(矽膠,庚烷中之0-50%乙酸乙酯)純化殘餘物,以提供標題化合物1 (0.17 g, 27%)。 實例92c N-第三丁基-4-{5-(2-羥丙-2-基)-2-[4-(甲烷磺醯基)-2,6-二甲基苯氧基]吡啶-3-基}-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 合併實例32c (0.045 g, 0.121 mmol)、實例92b (0.05 g, 0.121 mmol)、參(二亞苄基丙酮)二鈀(0) (3.32 mg, 3.62 µmol)、1,3,5,7-四甲基-6-苯基-2,4,8-三氧雜-6-磷雜金剛烷(3.53 mg, 0.012 mmol)及碳酸鈉(0.051 g, 0.483 mmol),並充氬15分鐘。同時,向4:1四氫呋喃/水之溶液(1.8 mL)充氮15分鐘,並在氬下藉由注射器轉移至反應容器中。在60℃下在氬下將混合物攪拌4小時,冷卻並分配於乙酸乙酯與水之間。用飽和氯化鈉水溶液洗滌有機層,經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,用3-巰基丙基官能化矽膠處理,過濾,並濃縮。藉由層析(二氧化矽,庚烷中之25%-60% 3:1乙酸乙酯/乙醇)純化,以提供標題化合物(0.065 g, 90%)。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 12.42 (s, 1H), 8.07 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.97 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.84 (s, 1H), 7.64 (s, 2H), 7.44 (s, 1H), 6.85 (d, J = 1.9 Hz, 1H), 5.19 (s, 1H), 3.58 (s, 3H), 3.16 (s, 3H), 2.05 (s, 6H), 1.44 (s, 6H), 1.34 (s, 9H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 581 [M+H]+
。 實例93 N-乙基-4-{5-(2-羥丙-2-基)-2-[4-(甲烷磺醯基)-2,6-二甲基苯氧基]吡啶-3-基}-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 合併實例1h (0.042 g, 0.121 mmol)、實例92b (0.05 g, 0.121 mmol)、參(二亞苄基丙酮)二鈀(0) (3.32 mg, 3.62 µmol)、1,3,5,7-四甲基-6-苯基-2,4,8-三氧雜-6-磷雜金剛烷(3.53 mg, 0.012 mmol)及碳酸鈉(0.051 g, 0.483 mmol),並充氬15分鐘。同時,向4:1四氫呋喃/水之溶液(2.0 mL)充氮15分鐘,並在氬下藉由注射器轉移至反應容器中。在60℃下在氬下將混合物攪拌4小時,冷卻並分配於乙酸乙酯與水之間。用飽和氯化鈉水溶液洗滌有機層,經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,用3-巰基丙基官能化矽膠處理,過濾,並濃縮。藉由層析(二氧化矽,庚烷中之25%-60% 3:1乙酸乙酯/乙醇)純化殘餘物,以提供白色固體狀標題化合物(0.060, 87%)。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 12.35 - 12.26 (m, 1H), 8.31 (t, J = 5.3 Hz, 1H), 8.08 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.96 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.63 (s, 2H), 7.44 (s, 1H), 6.84 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H), 5.18 (s, 1H), 3.57 (s, 3H), 3.27 - 3.19 (m, 2H), 3.16 (s, 3H), 2.05 (s, 6H), 1.45 (s, 6H), 1.09 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 553 [M+H]+
。 實例94 4-[2-(4-氯-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例94a 5-溴-6-(4-氯-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)菸鹼酸甲酯 將5-溴-6-氯菸鹼酸甲酯(1.50 g, 6.00 mmol)、4-氯-2,6-二甲酚(0.940 g, 6.00 mmol)及碳酸銫(2.93 g, 9.00 mmol)合併於二甲基亞碸(6 mL)中。在60℃下將反應混合物加熱2小時,冷卻至環境溫度並用水稀釋。藉由過濾收集所得沈澱物,用水洗滌,並乾燥以提供標題化合物(2.01 g, 90%)。 實例94b 2-(5-溴-6-(4-氯-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)吡啶-3-基)丙-2-醇 在0℃下,向實例94a (2.00 g, 5.40 mmol)於四氫呋喃(15 mL)中之溶液中添加四氫呋喃中之3M甲基氯化鎂(5.40 mL, 16.2 mmol)。在環境溫度下將反應混合物攪拌2小時,用5%氯化銨水溶液小心地處理,且用乙酸乙酯及水分配。用飽和氯化鈉水溶液洗滌有機層,用無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾,並濃縮。藉由急速層析(矽膠,庚烷中之20%-40%乙酸乙酯)純化殘餘物,以提供標題化合物(1.01 g, 51%)。 實例94c 4-[2-(4-氯-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例94c (38 mg, 75%)係根據用於製備實例1m之程序、用實例94b取代實例1l來製備。1
H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6
) δ 12.30 (s, 1H), 8.33 (t,J
= 5.4 Hz, 1H), 8.09 (d,J
= 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.94 (d,J
= 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (s, 1H), 7.14 (s, 2H), 6.84 (s, 1H), 5.18 (s, 1H), 3.59 (s, 3H), 3.30 - 3.20 (m, 2H), 1.96 (s, 6H), 1.46 (s, 6H), 1.10 (t,J
= 7.2 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 509 (M+H)+
。 實例95 N-第三丁基-4-[2-(4-氯-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例95 (47 mg, 88%)係根據用於製備實例37之程序、用實例94b取代實例29b來製備。1
H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d 6
) δ 12.41 (s, 1H), 8.08 (d,J
= 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.94 (d,J
= 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.85 (s, 1H), 7.43 (s, 1H), 7.14 (s, 2H), 6.84 (d,J
= 1.5 Hz, 1H), 5.18 (s, 1H), 3.59 (s, 3H), 1.97 (s, 6H), 1.46 (s, 6H), 1.35 (s, 9H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 537 (M+H)+
。 實例96 N-乙基-4-[3-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-6-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-2-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例96a 6-溴-5-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)吡啶甲酸甲酯 實例96a係根據用於製備實例35b之程序、用6-溴-5-氟吡啶甲酸甲酯取代3-溴-4-氟苯甲酸甲酯來製備。 實例96b 2-(6-溴-5-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)吡啶-2-基)丙-2-醇 實例96b係根據用於製備實例28d之程序、用實例96a取代實例28c來製備。 實例96c N-乙基-4-[3-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-6-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-2-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例96c之三氟乙酸鹽係根據用於製備實例1m之程序、用實例96b取代實例1l來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 12.23 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.31 (t, J = 5.3 Hz, 1H), 7.79 (s, 1H), 7.46 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.19 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1H), 7.03 (d, J = 9.1 Hz, 2H), 6.78 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 3.61 (s, 3H), 3.27 (qd, J = 7.2, 5.1 Hz, 2H), 2.02 (s, 6H), 1.47 (s, 6H), 1.12 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 493.1 (M+H)+
。 實例97 N-第三丁基-4-[3-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-6-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-2-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例97之三氟乙酸鹽係根據用於製備實例37之程序、用實例96b取代實例29b來製備。藉由HPLC (C18管柱,CH3
CN/水(0.1%三氟乙酸))純化粗產物。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 12.39 (s, 1H), 7.84 (dd, J = 16.6, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 7.53 - 7.36 (m, 1H), 7.22 (t, J = 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.03 (dd, J = 9.2, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 6.87 - 6.71 (m, 1H), 3.61 (s, 3H), 2.02 (s, 6H), 1.48 (s, 6H), 1.36 (s, 9H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 521.1 (M+H)+
。 實例98 4-{2-[2-(二氟甲基)-4-氟-6-甲基苯氧基]-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基}-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例98a 2-(二甲氧基甲基)-4-氟-6-甲酚 在0℃下在氮氣氛下,用氯化鈦(IV) (60 µL, 0.06 mmol)處理5-氟-2-羥基-3-甲基苯甲醛(0.38 g, 2.47 mmol)於甲醇(12.4 mL)中之溶液,且在0℃下攪拌20分鐘。添加三乙胺(100 µL, 0.72 mmol)且在0℃下將反應混合物攪拌1小時。使溫度逐步升高至10℃,同時再攪拌4.5小時。然後,將反應混合物分配於乙酸乙酯與水之間。用乙酸乙酯(2 × 50 mL)萃取水層。合併有機層,經無水硫酸鎂乾燥,過濾,且濃縮以提供標題化合物(0.339 g, 62%產率, 90%純度)。 實例98b 3-溴-4-(2-(二甲氧基甲基)-4-氟-6-甲基苯氧基)苯甲酸甲酯 實例98b係根據用於製備實例35b之程序、用實例98a取代實例35a來製備。將混合物加熱5小時而非2小時。 實例98c 3-溴-4-(4-氟-2-甲醯基-6-甲基苯氧基)苯甲酸甲酯 用氯化氫溶液(2 M水溶液,0.35 mL, 0.7 mmol)處理實例98b (0.29 g, 0.7 mmol)於四氫呋喃(6 mL)中之溶液且在50℃下攪拌1.25小時。然後將反應混合物冷卻至環境溫度,用飽和碳酸氫鈉溶液中和,分配於乙酸乙酯與水之間,用鹽水洗滌,經無水硫酸鎂乾燥,過濾,且濃縮以提供標題化合物(0.251 g, 98%)。 實例98d 3-溴-4-(2-(二氟甲基)-4-氟-6-甲基苯氧基)苯甲酸甲酯 在0℃下,實例98c (0.25 g, 0.68 mmol)於二氯甲烷(5 mL)中之溶液逐滴添加至二乙基胺基三氟化硫(0.25 mL, 1.9 mmol)於二氯甲烷(5 mL)中之溶液中。在0℃下將所得溶液攪拌1小時且然後在環境溫度下攪拌3.5小時。用飽和碳酸氫鈉溶液小心地淬滅反應混合物。分離各層並用鹽水洗滌有機層。合併水層並用二氯甲烷(2 × 40 mL)萃取。合併有機層,經無水硫酸鎂乾燥,過濾並濃縮。藉由急速層析(矽膠,50 g Biotage KP-Sil Snap管柱,庚烷中之0至12%乙酸乙酯)純化殘餘物,以提供標題化合物(0.26 g, 97%)。 實例98e 2-(3-溴-4-(2-(二氟甲基)-4-氟-6-甲基苯氧基)苯基)丙-2-醇 實例98e係根據用於製備實例35c之程序、用實例98d取代實例35b來製備。將反應混合物攪拌過夜而非30分鐘。 實例98f 4-{2-[2-(二氟甲基)-4-氟-6-甲基苯氧基]-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基}-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例98f係根據用於製備實例1m之程序、用實例98e取代實例1l來製備。在60℃下將反應混合物加熱過夜而非3小時。1
H NMR (501 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 12.23 (s, 1H), 8.34 (t, J = 5.4 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (m, 3H), 6.95 (t, J = 54.1 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (s, 1H), 6.37 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 5.03 (s, 1H), 3.59 (s, 3H), 3.27 (qd, J = 7.2, 5.7 Hz, 2H), 1.92 (s, 3H), 1.45 (s, 6H), 1.12 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 528.2 (M+H)+
。 實例99 4-[2-(3-氯-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例99a 乙酸2,6-二甲基苯基酯 在0℃下,向2,6-二甲酚(10 g, 82 mmol)於乙酸酐(30 mL)中之溶液中添加4滴濃H2
SO4
,且在20℃下將反應混合物攪拌1小時。然後添加冰水並用乙酸乙酯(3 × 100 mL)萃取產物。用飽和碳酸氫鈉溶液(3 × 30 mL)及鹽水洗滌合併之有機層,經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾,且濃縮以提供標題化合物(17.6 g, 77 mmol, 94%產率)。 實例99b 乙酸2,6-二甲基-3-硝基苯基酯 向實例99a (17.6 g, 77 mmol)於乙酸酐(10 mL)中之溶液中以維持內部溫度低於10℃之速率逐滴添加硝酸銅三水合物(51.9 g, 215 mmol)於乙酸酐(10 mL)中之懸浮液。結束添加後,在此溫度下將混合物攪拌20分鐘,然後升溫至40℃且攪拌1小時。將反應混合物傾倒至冰水上且用乙酸乙酯(3 × 150 mL)萃取產物。用洗碳酸鈉溶液(3 × 30 mL)及鹽水滌合併之有機層,經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾,且濃縮以提供無色油狀標題化合物(17.8 g, 55.7 mmol, 72.6%產率)。 實例99c 2,6-二甲基-3-硝基酚 向氫氧化鈉(1.682 g, 42.1 mmol)於水(20 mL)中之溶液中添加實例99b (1.1 g, 5.26 mmol),並在20℃下將混合物攪拌18小時。用15% HCl溶液將pH調節至2-3。用乙酸乙酯(4 × 20 mL)萃取產物,用鹽水洗滌有機層,經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾,且濃縮以提供黃色固體狀標題化合物(810 mg, 4.85 mmol, 92%產率)。 實例99d 3-胺基-2,6-二甲酚 向實例99c (5 g, 29.9 mmol)於乙酸(20 mL)中之溶液中添加鋅(1.956 g, 29.9 mmol),且在90℃下將反應混合物攪拌90 min。冷卻後,將反應混合物過濾且用固體碳酸鈉將pH調節至約8。然後,用乙酸乙酯將混合物萃取三次。用鹽水洗滌合併之有機層,經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並濃縮。藉由急速層析(矽膠,二氯甲烷中之5%甲醇)純化殘餘物,以提供標題化合物(3.6 g, 23.09 mmol, 77%產率)。 實例99e 4-(3-胺基-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-3-溴苯甲酸甲酯 實例99e係根據用於製備實例35b之程序、用實例99d取代實例35a來製備。 實例99f 3-溴-4-(3-氯-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)苯甲酸甲酯 將硫酸銅(II) (54.7 mg, 0.343 mmol)及氯化鈉(53.4 mg, 0.914 mmol)於水(6 mL)中之溶液加熱至95℃,且然後將氫氧化鈉(13.71 mg, 0.343 mmol)及偏亞硫酸氫鈉(19.54 mg, 0.103 mmol)於水(5 mL)中之溶液添加至熱溶液中。在此溫度下將反應混合物攪拌20分鐘,然後冷卻至75℃。將實例99e (80 mg, 0.228 mmol)溶解於二噁烷(1 mL)、濃HCl (2 mL)及水(1 mL)中,且將混合物冷卻至-5℃至0℃。向此溶液中添加1 mL水中之硝酸鈉(17.34 mg, 0.251 mmol)。在此溫度下將反應混合物攪拌30 min。然後在75℃下將此反應混合物添加至新鮮製備之CuCl溶液中。將反應混合物攪拌1小時,且然後冷卻至環境溫度。用乙酸乙酯(3 × 30 mL)萃取混合物且用鹽水洗滌合併之有機層,經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並濃縮。藉由矽膠管柱層析(用石油醚中之5%乙酸乙酯溶析)純化殘餘物,以提供標題化合物(38 mg, 0.074 mmol, 32.4%產率)。 實例99g 2-(3-溴-4-(3-氯-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)苯基)丙-2-醇 實例99g係根據用於製備實例28d之程序、用實例99f取代實例28c來製備。 實例99h 4-[2-(3-氯-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例99h係根據用於製備實例1m之程序、用實例99g取代實例1l來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz,甲醇-d4
) δ 7.65 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (s, 1H), 7.36 (dd, J = 8.7, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 6.96 (s, 1H), 6.38 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 3.73 (s, 3H), 3.42 (q, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H), 2.12 (s, 3H), 2.06 (s, 3H), 1.58 (s, 6H), 1.23 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 508.1 (M+H)+
。 實例100 N-第三丁基-4-[2-(2,6-二氯-4-氟苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例100a 5-溴-6-(2,6-二氯-4-氟苯氧基)菸鹼酸甲酯 在氬下在密封管中,將5-溴-6-氯菸鹼酸甲酯(1.384 g, 5.53 mmol)、2,6-二氯-4-氟酚(1.0 g, 5.53 mmol)及碳酸銫(2.70 g, 8.29 mmol)合併於二甲基亞碸(11.05 mL)中,且在50℃下攪拌18小時。將混合物分配於水與乙酸乙酯之間。用飽和氯化鈉水溶液洗滌有機層,經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾,並濃縮。藉由於9:1庚烷/乙酸乙酯中研磨來純化殘餘物,以提供標題化合物(1.386 g, 69%)。 實例100b 2-(5-溴-6-(2,6-二氯-4-氟苯氧基)吡啶-3-基)丙-2-醇 在氮下在5℃下,向氯化鈰(III) (1.135 g, 4.61 mmol)於四氫呋喃(16 mL)中之漿液中逐滴添加實例100a (1.516 g, 3.84 mmol)於四氫呋喃(16 mL)中之溶液。將混合物攪拌1.5小時,冷卻至-78℃且用甲基氯化鎂(3.84 mL, 11.51 mmol, 3.0 M於四氫呋喃中)逐滴處理。將混合物攪拌2小時且升溫至環境溫度,傾倒至5%氯化銨水溶液中且分配於乙酸乙酯與水之間。用飽和氯化鈉水溶液洗滌有機層,經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾,並濃縮。藉由層析(矽膠,庚烷中之0-50%乙酸乙酯)純化殘餘物,以提供在靜置後固化之黏性油狀標題化合物(1.19 g, 78%)。 實例100c N-第三丁基-4-[2-(2,6-二氯-4-氟苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 合併實例32c (0.05 g, 0.134 mmol)、實例100b (0.053 g, 0.134 mmol)、參(二亞苄基丙酮)二鈀(0) (3.68 mg, 4.02 µmol)、1,3,5,7-四甲基-6-苯基-2,4,8-三氧雜-6-磷雜金剛烷(3.92 mg, 0.013 mmol)及碳酸鈉(0.057 g, 0.536 mmol),並充氬15分鐘。同時,向4:1四氫呋喃/水之溶液(1.8 mL)充氮15分鐘,並在氬下藉由注射器轉移至反應容器中。在50℃下在氬下將混合物攪拌18小時,冷卻並分配於乙酸乙酯與水之間。用飽和氯化鈉水溶液洗滌有機層,經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,用3-巰基丙基官能化矽膠處理,過濾,並濃縮。藉由層析(二氧化矽,庚烷中之25%-60% 3:1乙酸乙酯/乙醇)純化殘餘物,以提供白色固體狀標題化合物(0.05 g, 63%)。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 12.42 (s, 1H), 8.11 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.00 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.84 (s, 1H), 7.63 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.46 (s, 1H), 6.98 (s, 1H), 5.22 (s, 1H), 3.59 (s, 3H), 1.46 (s, 6H), 1.35 (s, 9H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 561 [M+H]+
。 實例101 4-[2-(2,6-二氯-4-氟苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 合併實例1h (0.05 g, 0.145 mmol)、實例100b (0.057 g, 0.145 mmol)、參(二亞苄基丙酮)二鈀(0) (3.98 mg, 4.35 µmol)、1,3,5,7-四甲基-6-苯基-2,4,8-三氧雜-6-磷雜金剛烷(4.23 mg, 0.014 mmol)及碳酸鈉(0.061 g, 0.579 mmol),並充氬15分鐘。同時,向4:1四氫呋喃/水之溶液(2.0 mL)充氮15分鐘,並在氬下藉由注射器轉移至反應容器中。在60℃下在氬下將混合物攪拌4小時,冷卻並分配於乙酸乙酯與水之間。用飽和氯化鈉水溶液洗滌有機層,經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,用3-巰基丙基官能化矽膠處理,過濾,並濃縮。藉由層析(二氧化矽,庚烷中之25%-60% 3:1乙酸乙酯/乙醇)純化殘餘物,以提供白色固體狀標題化合物(0.-55 g, 68%)。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 12.31 (s, 1H), 8.32 (t, J = 5.4 Hz, 1H), 8.12 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.99 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.46 (s, 1H), 6.98 (s, 1H), 5.22 (s, 1H), 3.58 (s, 3H), 3.28 - 3.16 (m, 2H), 1.46 (s, 6H), 1.10 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 533 [M+H]+
。 實例102 4-[2-(4-氯-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(1-氟-2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例102a 2-(5-溴-6-(4-氯-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)吡啶-3-基)-1-氟丙-2-醇 將實例94b (556 mg, 1.50 mmol)及Selectfluor (1-氯甲基-4-氟-1,4-二氮陽離子二環[2.2.2]辛烷雙(四氟硼酸鹽), 585 mg, 1.65 mmol)合併於乙腈(10 mL)中。在80℃下將反應混合物加熱44小時,冷卻至環境溫度,且分配於乙酸乙酯與飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液之間。用飽和氯化鈉水溶液洗滌有機層,用無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾,並濃縮。藉由急速層析(矽膠,庚烷中之10%-20%乙酸乙酯)純化殘餘物,以提供標題化合物(250 mg, 43%)。 實例102b 4-[2-(4-氯-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(1-氟-2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例102b係根據用於製備實例1m之程序、用實例102a取代實例1l來製備。藉由急速層析(矽膠,庚烷中之20%-40% 3:1乙酸乙酯/乙醇)且然後藉由反相HPLC (C18,20%-80%乙腈/水中之0.1%三氟乙酸)純化粗產物,以提供呈三氟乙酸鹽形式之標題化合物(27 mg, 42%)。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6
) δ 12.31 (s, 1H), 8.32 (t,J
= 5.4 Hz, 1H), 8.11 (d,J
= 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.97 (d,J
= 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.43 (s, 1H), 7.14 (s, 2H), 6.84 (d,J
= 2.2 Hz, 1H), 5.56 (s, br, 1H), 4.46 (s, 1H), 4.34 (s, 1H), 3.59 (s, 3H), 3.30 - 3.20 (m, 2H), 1.96 (s, 6H), 1.48 (d,J
= 2.0 Hz, 3H), 1.10 (t,J
= 7.2 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 527 (M+H)+
。 實例103 N-第三丁基-4-[2-(4-氯-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(1-氟-2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例103係根據用於製備實例37之程序、用實例102a取代實例29b來製備。藉由急速層析(矽膠,庚烷中之20%-40% 3:1乙酸乙酯/乙醇)且然後藉由反相HPLC (C18,20%-80%乙腈/水中之0.1%三氟乙酸)純化,以提供呈三氟乙酸鹽形式之標題化合物(28 mg, 42%)。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6
) δ 12.43 (s, 1H), 8.10 (d,J
= 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.97 (d,J
= 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.85 (s, 1H), 7.43 (s, 1H), 7.15 (s, 2H), 6.84 (d,J
= 2.2 Hz, 1H), 5.55 (s, br, 1H), 4.46 (s, 1H), 4.34 (s, 1H), 3.59 (s, 3H), 1.97 (s, 6H), 1.48 (d,J
= 2.0 Hz, 3H), 1.35 (s, 9H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 555 (M+H)+
。 實例104 N-乙基-4-[2-(3-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例104a 3-溴-4-(3-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)苯甲酸甲酯 在5℃之內部溫度下,將硝酸鈉(21.67 mg, 0.314 mmol)於水(1 mL)中之溶液逐滴添加至實例99e (100 mg, 0.286 mmol)於吡啶-HF溶液(4 mL)中之溶液中,並將混合物密封且在此溫度下攪拌30分鐘。然後將此懸浮液加熱至85℃並保持3小時。將反應混合物冷卻至環境溫度且用乙酸乙酯(3 × 30 mL)萃取混合物。用鹽水洗滌合併之有機層,經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾並濃縮。藉由管柱層析(矽膠,石油醚中之10%乙酸乙酯)純化殘餘物,以提供白色固體狀標題化合物(59 mg, 0.120 mmol, 42.0%產率)。 實例104b 2-(3-溴-4-(3-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)苯基)丙-2-醇 實例104b係根據用於製備實例28d之程序、用實例104a取代實例28c來製備。 實例104c N-乙基-4-[2-(3-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例104c係根據用於製備實例1m之程序、用實例104b取代實例1l來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz,甲醇-d4
) δ 7.65 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (s, 1H), 7.36 (dd, J = 8.7, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.14 - 7.06 (m, 1H), 6.97 (s, 1H), 6.89 (t, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 6.41 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 3.74 (s, 3H), 3.42 (q, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.05 (s, 3H), 2.00 (d, J = 1.7 Hz, 3H), 1.58 (s, 6H), 1.23 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 492 (M+H)+
。 實例105 4-[2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥基-4-甲基戊-2-基)苯基]-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例105a 2-(3-溴-4-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)苯基)-4-甲基戊-2-醇 實例105a係根據用於製備實例3d之程序(方法A)、用異丁基氯化鎂取代甲基氯化鎂來製備。 實例105b 4-[2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥基-4-甲基戊-2-基)苯基]-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例105b係根據用於製備實例1m之程序、用實例105a取代實例1l來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 12.20 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1H), 8.29 (t, J = 5.3 Hz, 2H), 7.45 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (s, 1H), 7.22 (dd, J = 8.6, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H), 7.01 (dd, J = 8.5, 6.3 Hz, 1H), 6.80 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1H), 6.25 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 3.57 (s, 3H), 3.24 (qd, J = 7.2, 5.1 Hz, 2H), 1.97 (s, 6H), 1.64 - 1.50 (m, 3H), 1.40 (s, 3H), 1.09 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H), 0.81 (dd, J = 8.9, 6.2 Hz, 3H), 0.63 (d, J = 5.9 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 516.2 (M+H)+
。 實例106 N-第三丁基-4-[2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥基-4-甲基戊-2-基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例106係根據用於製備實例37之程序、用實例105a取代實例29b來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 12.34 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.83 (s, 1H), 7.46 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.31 - 7.14 (m, 2H), 7.15 - 6.92 (m, 2H), 6.79 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1H), 6.25 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 3.58 (s, 5H), 1.97 (s, 6H), 1.68 - 1.51 (m, 2H), 1.40 (s, 2H), 1.34 (s, 9H), 0.79 (d, J = 6.2 Hz, 2 3H), 0.63 (d, J = 6.2 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 516.2 (M+H)+
。 實例107 N-乙基-4-{5-(2-羥丙-2-基)-2-[4-(2-羥丙-2-基)-2,6-二甲基苯氧基]苯基}-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例107a 4-(4-乙醯基-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-3-溴苯甲酸甲酯 將3-溴-4-氟苯甲酸甲酯(699 mg, 3.00 mmol)、1-(4-羥基-3,5-二甲基苯基)乙酮(493 mg, 3.00 mmol)及碳酸銫(1.47 g, 4.50 mmol)合併於二甲基亞碸(3 mL)中。在100℃下將反應混合物加熱16小時,冷卻至環境溫度,且用乙酸乙酯及水分配。用飽和氯化鈉水溶液洗滌有機層,用無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾,並濃縮。藉由急速層析(矽膠,庚烷中之10%-20%乙酸乙酯)純化殘餘物,以提供標題化合物(540 mg, 48%)。 實例107b 2-(4-(2-溴-4-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯氧基)-3,5-二甲基苯基)丙-2-醇 在-78℃下,向實例107a (528 mg, 1.40 mmol)於四氫呋喃(10 mL)中之溶液中逐滴添加四氫呋喃中之3M甲基氯化鎂(2.80 mL, 8.40 mmol)。在環境溫度下將反應混合物攪拌3小時。將反應混合物冷卻至-78℃且再逐滴添加四氫呋喃中之3M甲基氯化鎂(2.80 mL, 8.40 mmol)。在環境溫度下將反應混合物再攪拌3小時,用5%氯化銨水溶液小心地處理,且用乙酸乙酯及水分配。用飽和氯化鈉水溶液洗滌有機層,用無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾,並濃縮。藉由急速層析(矽膠,庚烷中之20%-40%乙酸乙酯)純化殘餘物,以提供標題化合物(375 mg, 68%)。 實例107c N-乙基-4-{5-(2-羥丙-2-基)-2-[4-(2-羥丙-2-基)-2,6-二甲基苯氧基]苯基}-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例107c (50 mg, 94%)係根據用於製備實例1m之程序、用實例107b取代實例1l來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6
) δ 12.18 (s, 1H), 8.30 (t,J
= 5.3 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (d,J
= 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.31 (s, 1H), 7.27 (dd,J
= 8.6, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (s, 2H), 6.83 (s, 1H), 6.25 (d,J
= 8.6 Hz, 1H), 4.93 (s, 1H), 4.90 (s, 1H), 3.57 (s, 3H), 3.28 - 3.20 (m, 2H), 1.98 (s, 6H), 1.41 (s, 6H), 1.37 (s, 6H), 1.08 (t,J
= 7.2 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI-) m/z 530 (M-H)+
。 實例108 N-第三丁基-4-{5-(2-羥丙-2-基)-2-[4-(2-羥丙-2-基)-2,6-二甲基苯氧基]苯基}-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例108 (54 mg, 96%)係根據用於製備實例37之程序、用實例107b取代29b來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6
) δ 12.31 (s, 1H), 7.83 (s, 1H), 7.50 (d,J
= 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.31 (s, 1H), 7.27 (dd,J
= 8.6, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (s, 2H), 6.83 (s, 1H), 6.25 (d,J
= 8.5 Hz, 1H), 4.94 (s, 1H), 4.90 (s, 1H), 3.57 (s, 3H), 1.98 (s, 6H), 1.41 (s, 6H), 1.37 (s, 6H), 1.34 (s, 9H)。MS (ESI-) m/z 558 (M-H)+
。 實例109 4-[2-(3-氯-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例109a 5-溴-6-(3-氯-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)菸鹼酸甲酯 實例109a係根據用於製備實例99f之程序、用實例91a取代實例99e來製備。 實例109b 2-(5-溴-6-(3-氯-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)吡啶-3-基)丙-2-醇 實例109b係根據用於製備實例28d之程序、用實例109a取代實例28c來製備。 實例109c 4-[2-(3-氯-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)吡啶-3-基]-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例109c係根據用於製備實例1m之程序、用實例109b取代實例1l來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz,甲醇-d4
) δ 8.14 (d, J = 2.5 Hz, 1H), 8.08 (d, J = 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (s, 1H), 7.18 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 6.97 (s, 1H), 3.74 (s, 3H), 3.43 (q, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.11 (s, 3H), 2.04 (s, 3H), 1.61 (s, 6H), 1.24 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 509.2 (M+H)+
。 實例110 N-乙基-4-[4-(2-羥丙-2-基)-4'-(三氟甲氧基)[1,1'-聯苯]-2-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例110a 2-(3-溴-4-氯苯基)丙-2-醇 實例110a係根據用於製備實例35c之程序、用3-溴-4-氯苯甲酸甲酯取代實例35b來製備。將反應混合物攪拌過夜而非30分鐘。 實例110b 4-(2-氯-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基)-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例110b係根據用於製備實例1m之程序、用實例110a取代實例1l來製備。將反應混合物加熱6小時而非3小時。 實例110c N-乙基-4-[4-(2-羥丙-2-基)-4'-(三氟甲氧基)[1,1'-聯苯]-2-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 合併實例110b (0.035 g, 0.09 mmol)、(4-(三氟甲氧基)苯基)酸(0.028 g, 0.135 mmol)、參(二亞苄基丙酮)二鈀(0) (0.0083 g, 0.009 mmol)、二環己基(2',6'-二甲氧基-[1,1'-聯苯]-2-基)膦(0.011 g, 0.027 mmol)及氟化鉀(0.026 g, 0.45 mmol)且充氮30分鐘。經由注射器向此混合物中添加充氮之二噁烷(0.9 mL)及水(0.1 mL)。在90℃下將反應混合物攪拌過夜且然後分配於乙酸乙酯與水之間。用鹽水洗滌有機層,用3-巰基丙基官能化矽膠處理20分鐘,經無水硫酸鎂乾燥,經由矽藻土塞過濾並濃縮。藉由急速層析(矽膠12 g Grace Reveleris管柱,庚烷中之12%至50%之3:1乙酸乙酯/乙醇混合物)純化殘餘物,以提供標題化合物及一些部分。藉由第二急速層析(矽膠12 g Grace Reveleris管柱,庚烷中之2%至35%之3:1乙酸乙酯/乙醇混合物)純化混合部分。獲得0.024 g (52%)標題化合物之總產量。1
H NMR (501 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 12.09 (s, 1H), 8.20 (t, J = 5.3 Hz, 1H), 7.58 (dd, J = 8.0, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.31 (m, 2H), 7.19 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 6.97 (s, 1H), 6.41 (d, J = 1.3 Hz, 1H), 5.13 (s, 1H), 3.42 (s, 3H), 3.22 (qd, J = 7.2, 5.4 Hz, 2H), 1.50 (s, 6H), 1.08 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 514.0 (M+H)+
。 實例111 4-[4',4'-二氟-4-(2-羥丙-2-基)[2',3',4',5'-四氫[1,1'-聯苯]]-2-基]-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例111係根據用於製備實例110c之程序、用2-(4,4-二氟環己-1-烯-1-基)-4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧雜硼烷取代(4-(三氟甲氧基)苯基)酸來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 12.21 (s, 1H), 8.32 (t, J = 5.3 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (s, 1H), 7.44 (dd, J = 8.0, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (s, 1H), 6.68 (s, 1H), 5.51 (s, 1H), 5.05 (s, 1H), 3.53 (s, 3H), 3.25 (m, 2H), 2.49 (m, 2H), 2.18 (t, J = 5.7 Hz, 2H), 1.81 (dt, J = 14.6, 7.4 Hz, 2H), 1.46 (s, 6H), 1.11 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 470.1 (M+H)+
。 實例112 4-[2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 將1-羥基苯并三唑水合物(9.0 mg, 0.059 mmol)、實例75c (17 mg, 0.037 mmol)溶解於二氯甲烷(2.5 mL)中。添加氨(0.5 M於二噁烷中,1.0 mL, 0.500 mmol),且在環境溫度下攪拌混合物,同時添加1-(3-二甲基胺基丙基)-3-乙基碳化二亞胺鹽酸鹽(13.1 mg, 0.068 mmol)。將混合物攪拌23小時,且在真空下濃縮所得白色懸浮液。藉由HPLC (30 × 100 mm XBridge管柱,用10 mM (NH4
)2
CO3
水溶液- CH3
CN溶析,80:20 - 0:100,經15分鐘)純化殘餘物,以提供標題化合物(13 mg)。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) d 12.23 (s, 1H), 7.81 (s, 1H), 7.52 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (s, 1H), 7.36 7.26 (m, 2H), 6.98 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 2H), 6.84 (s, 1H), 6.31 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 4.98 (s, 1H), 3.60 (s, 3H), 2.01 (s, 6H), 1.44 (s, 6H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 464 (M+H)+
。 實例113 N-乙基-4-[4-(2-羥丙-2-基)-4'-甲基[2',3',4',5'-四氫[1,1'-聯苯]]-2-基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例113係根據用於製備實例110c之程序、用(4-甲基環己-1-烯-1-基)酸取代(4-(三氟甲氧基)苯基)酸來製備。1
H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 12.17 (s, 1H), 8.32 (t, J = 5.5 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (d, J = 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (dd, J = 8.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.08 (s, 1H), 6.66 (s, 1H), 5.58 (m, 1H), 5.03 (s, 1H), 3.53 (s, 3H), 3.26 (m, 2H), 2.07 (dt, J = 16.6, 4.5 Hz, 1H), 1.93 (m, 2H), 1.53 (m, 3H), 1.45 (s, 6H), 1.10 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H), 0.96 (m, 1H), 0.81 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 448.2 (M+H)+
。 實例114 4-[2-(環戊-1-烯-1-基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例114係根據用於製備實例110c之程序、用2-(環戊-1-烯-1-基)-4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧雜硼烷取代(4-(三氟甲氧基)苯基)酸來製備。藉由反相HPLC (C18,乙腈/水(0.1%三氟乙酸), 10%-80%)再純化,以提供標題化合物。1
H NMR (501 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 12.16 (s, 1H), 8.30 (t, J = 5.3 Hz, 1H), 7.43 (dd, J = 8.1, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (d, J = 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (s, 1H), 6.54 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1H), 5.62 (p, J = 2.2 Hz, 1H), 5.03 (s, 1H), 3.55 (s, 3H), 3.24 (qd, J = 7.2, 5.3 Hz, 2H), 2.28 (m, 2H), 2.18 (m, J = 9.2, 7.6, 2.2 Hz, 2H), 1.66 (p, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 1.45 (s, 6H), 1.10 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H)。LCMS (APCI+) m/z 420.5 (M+H)+
。 實例115 4-[2-(2-氯-6-甲基苯氧基)-5-(1,2-二羥丙-2-基)苯基]-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例115a 1-(3-溴-4-(2-氯-6-甲基苯氧基)苯基)乙-1-酮 實例115a係根據用於製備實例35b之程序、分別用2-甲基-6-氯酚取代實例35a、且用1-(3-溴-4-氟苯基)乙-1-酮取代3-溴-4-氟苯甲酸甲酯來製備。 實例115b 2-(2-溴-4-(丙-1-烯-2-基)苯氧基)-1-氯-3-甲基苯 在0℃下,向甲基三苯基溴化鏻(1.893 g, 5.30 mmol)於四氫呋喃(12 mL)中之溶液中添加2.5 M正丁基鋰(2.120 mL, 5.30 mmol)。在此溫度下將反應混合物攪拌1小時,且然後將2 mL四氫呋喃中之實例115a (900 mg, 2.65 mmol)添加至反應溶液中。將反應混合物逐步升溫至環境溫度並攪拌16小時。隨後用水淬滅反應混合物。將混合物分配於水(15 mL)與乙酸乙酯(15 mL)之間,用乙酸乙酯(10 mL)萃取,經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾,並濃縮。藉由矽膠上之急速層析純化粗產物,用100:5己烷:乙酸酯溶析,以提供無色油狀標題化合物(810 mg, 2.267 mmol, 86%產率)。 實例115c 2-(3-溴-4-(2-氯-6-甲基苯氧基)苯基)丙烷-1,2-二醇 在環境溫度下,向實例115b (810 mg, 2.399 mmol)及碳酸鉀(995 mg, 7.20 mmol)於水(15 mL)及第三丁醇(15.000 mL)中之溶液中添加六氰鐵(III)酸鉀(3.949 g, 12.00 mmol)及鋨酸鉀二水合物(35.4 mg, 0.096 mmol)。在環境溫度下將反應混合物攪拌48小時。將混合物分配於水(15 mL)與乙酸乙酯(25 mL)之間,用乙酸乙酯(3 × 20 mL)萃取,經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾,並濃縮。藉由急速層析(矽膠,乙酸乙酯/石油1:2)純化粗產物,以提供標題化合物(620 mg, 1.668 mmol, 69.5%產率)。 實例115d 4-[2-(2-氯-6-甲基苯氧基)-5-(1,2-二羥丙-2-基)苯基]-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例115d係根據用於製備實例1m之程序、用實例115c取代實例1l來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 12.21 (s, 1H), 8.34 (t, J = 5.3 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (s, 1H), 7.35 - 7.28 (m, 2H), 7.19 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.93 (s, 1H), 6.30 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 4.89 (s, 1H), 4.71 (t, J = 5.8 Hz, 1H), 3.60 (s, 3H), 3.43 (dd, J = 5.6, 2.7 Hz, 2H), 3.32 - 3.22 (m, 2H), 2.08 (s, 3H), 1.41 (s, 3H), 1.12 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 510.1 (M+H)+
。 實例116 N-第三丁基-4-[2-(2-氯-6-甲基苯氧基)-5-(1,2-二羥丙-2-基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例116係根據用於製備實例37之程序、用實例115c取代實例29b來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 12.35 (s, 1H), 7.86 (s, 1H), 7.55 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (s, 1H), 7.34 - 7.27 (m, 2H), 7.20 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.93 (s, 1H), 6.30 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 4.90 (s, 1H), 4.71 (t, J = 5.8 Hz, 1H), 3.60 (s, 3H), 3.46 - 3.39 (m, 2H), 2.09 (s, 3H), 1.41 (s, 3H), 1.37 (s, 9H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 538.1 (M+H)+
。 實例117 4-[2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例117a 4-(2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基)-6-甲基-7-側氧基-1-甲苯磺醯基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲酸乙酯 實例117a (615 mg, 98%)係根據用於製備實例75b之程序、用實例3d取代實例35c來製備。 實例117b 4-(2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基)-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲酸 將實例117a (610 mg, 0.970 mmol)及氫氧化鋰(232 mg, 9.70 mmol)合併於二噁烷(15 mL)及水(5 mL)之混合物中。在70℃下將反應混合物加熱2小時,冷卻,用水稀釋,藉由添加1M HCl調節pH至4,過濾,用水洗滌且乾燥,以提供標題化合物(322 mg, 74%)。 實例117c 4-[2-(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 將實例117b (89 mg, 0.20 mmol)、1-羥基苯并三唑水合物(49 mg, 0.32 mmol)、1-乙基-3-[3-(二甲基胺基)丙基]-碳化二亞胺鹽酸鹽(61 mg, 0.32 mmol)及二噁烷中之0.5 M氨(6.0 mL, 3.0 mmol)合併於二氯甲烷(1 mL)中。在環境溫度下將反應混合物攪拌48小時。向此反應混合物中再添加二噁烷中之0.5 M氨(6.0 mL, 3.0 mmol)。在環境溫度下將反應混合物再攪拌48小時。向此反應混合物中再添加二噁烷中之0.5 M氨(6.0 mL, 3.0 mmol)。在環境溫度下將反應混合物再攪拌48小時並濃縮。藉由急速層析(矽膠,庚烷中之20%-40% 3:1乙酸乙酯/乙醇)純化殘餘物,以提供標題化合物(25 mg, 28%)。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d 6
) δ 12.21 (s, 1H), 7.80 (s, 1H), 7.51 (d,J
= 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.43 (s, 1H), 7.33 (s, 1H), 7.28 (dd,J
= 8.6, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.13 - 7.00 (m, 3H), 6.84 (s, 1H), 6.26 (d,J
= 8.6 Hz, 1H), 4.96 (s, 1H), 3.59 (s, 3H), 2.00 (s, 6H), 1.42 (s, 6H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 446 (M+H)+
。 實例118 N-第三丁基-4-[2-(2-氯-4-氟-6-甲基苯氧基)-5-(1,2-二羥丙-2-基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例118a 1-(3-溴-4-(2-氯-4-氟-6-甲基苯氧基)苯基)乙-1-酮 實例118a係根據用於製備實例35b之程序、分別用2-甲基-4-氟-6-氯酚取代實例35a、且用1-(3-溴-4-氟苯基)乙-1-酮取代3-溴-4-氟苯甲酸甲酯來製備。 實例118b 2-(2-溴-4-(丙-1-烯-2-基)苯氧基)-1-氯-5-氟-3-甲基苯 實例118b係根據用於製備實例115b之程序、用實例118a取代實例115a來製備。 實例118c 2-(5-溴-6-(3-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)吡啶-3-基)丙-2-醇 實例118c係根據用於製備實例115c之程序、用實例118b取代實例115b來製備。 實例118d N-第三丁基-4-[2-(2-氯-4-氟-6-甲基苯氧基)-5-(1,2-二羥丙-2-基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例118d係根據用於製備實例37之程序、用實例118c取代實例29b來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz,甲醇-d4
) δ 7.67 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (s, 1H), 7.37 (dd, J = 8.7, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (dd, J = 8.0, 3.0 Hz, 1H), 7.09 - 7.00 (m, 2H), 6.44 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 3.73 (s, 3H), 3.70 - 3.60 (m, J = 5.9 Hz, 2H), 2.10 (s, 3H), 1.55 (s, 3H), 1.46 (s, 9H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 556.2 (M+H)+
。 實例119 4-[2-(2-氯-4-氟-6-甲基苯氧基)-5-(1,2-二羥丙-2-基)苯基]-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例119係根據用於製備實例1m之程序、用實例118c取代實例1l來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz,甲醇-d4
) δ 7.69 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.43 (s, 1H), 7.38 (dd, J = 8.7, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (dd, J = 8.1, 3.0 Hz, 1H), 7.06 - 6.99 (m, 2H), 6.45 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 3.72 (s, 3H), 3.66 (q, J = 5.6 Hz, 2H), 3.42 (q, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H), 2.11 (s, 3H), 1.56 (s, 3H), 1.23 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 528.2 (M+H)+
。 實例120 4-[2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-N,6-二甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例120a 4-溴-N,6-二甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 用草醯氯(0.700 mL, 8.00 mmol)及N,N-二甲基甲醯胺(0.062 mL, 0.800 mmol)處理二氯甲烷(25 mL)中之實例32a (1.084 g, 4 mmol)。產生氣體,隨後反應混合物自白色懸浮液變成黃色精細懸浮液。在環境溫度下將反應混合物攪拌2小時。在減壓下蒸發溶劑,且用四氫呋喃(20 mL)及二甲基甲醯胺(10 mL)處理殘餘物。向此反應混合物中添加四氫呋喃中之2.0 N甲胺(20.00 mL, 40.0 mmol)。在環境溫度下將白色懸浮液攪拌2小時。在減壓下去除過量四氫呋喃。將剩餘混合物傾倒至水(300 mL)中。藉由過濾收集所得固體,以在真空烘箱中乾燥過夜後提供標題化合物(0.95 g, 84%產率)。 實例120b 2-(4-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-3-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧雜硼烷-2-基)苯基)丙-2-醇 將實例35c (21 g, 59.5 mmol)於四氫呋喃(396 ml)中之溶液冷卻至‑78℃且添加正丁基鋰(71.3 mL, 178 mmol)。將反應混合物攪拌30分鐘。添加純2-異丙氧基-4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧雜硼烷(37.6 mL, 184 mmol)。10分鐘後去除冷浴且將反應混合物升溫至環境溫度並保持1小時。藉由添加飽和碳酸鈉水溶液淬滅反應混合物且用乙酸乙酯萃取。分離有機相,經無水硫酸鎂乾燥,過濾並在減壓下濃縮。經由急速層析使用Grace矽膠管柱純化粗材料,用10%-25%乙酸乙酯/庚烷溶析,以獲得白色固體狀標題化合物(15 g, 63%)。 實例120c 4-[2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-N,6-二甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 在微波加熱條件下在120℃下,將實例120a (0.057 g, 0.2 mmol)、實例120b (0.096 g, 0.240 mmol)、四(三苯基膦)鈀(0) (0.012 g, 10.00 µmol)及氟化銫(0.091 g, 0.600 mmol)於二甲氧基乙烷(1 mL)及甲醇(0.5 mL)中之混合物加熱40分鐘。將反應混合物裝載至15 g矽膠柱上,且乾燥。然後將其裝載至12 g矽膠管柱上,用15:85甲醇:乙酸乙酯溶析以獲得粗產物,然後藉由反相製備型HPLC (C18管柱,乙腈/水(0.1%三氟乙酸))純化該粗產物,以獲得標題化合物(0.062 g, 0.130 mmol, 64.9%產率)。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 12.26 - 12.09 (m, 1H), 8.31 (q, J = 4.5 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.34 - 7.26 (m, 2H), 6.96 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), 6.80 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1H), 6.29 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 3.58 (s, 3H), 2.74 (d, J = 4.5 Hz, 3H), 1.99 (s, 6H), 1.42 (s, 6H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 478.1 (M+H)+
。 實例121 N-環丙基-4-[2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例121a 4-溴-N-環丙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 用2-(3H-[1,2,3]三唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-3-基)-1,1,3,3-四甲基異脲鎓六氟磷酸鹽(V) (HATU, 1.543 g, 4.06 mmol)及N-乙基-N-異丙基丙-2-胺(2 mL, 11.45 mmol)處理實例32a (1 g, 3.69 mmol)於二甲基亞碸(18.5 mL)中之溶液。在環境溫度下將所得混合物攪拌5分鐘且然後用環丙胺(0.3 mL, 4.33 mmol)處理。在環境溫度下將所得混合物攪拌過夜。將水(80 mL)添加至反應混合物中,以誘導淺黃色固體沈澱。藉由過濾收集固體,用300 mL水及50 mL庚烷沖洗,且在真空烘箱中在65℃下乾燥,以提供0.966 g (84%)標題化合物。 實例121b N-環丙基-4-(2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基)-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 合併實例121a (0.12 g, 0.387 mmol)、實例120b (0.155 g, 0.387 mmol)、參(二亞苄基丙酮)二鈀(0) (0.018 g, 0.019 mmol)、1,3,5,7-四甲基-6-苯基-2,4,8-三氧雜-6-磷雜金剛烷(0.017 g, 0.058 mmol)及碳酸鈉(0.176 g, 1.664 mmol),並充氮30分鐘。經由注射器向此混合物中添加充氮之四氫呋喃(2 mL)及水(0.5 mL)。在60℃下將反應混合物攪拌4.5小時。然後,將反應混合物分配於乙酸乙酯與水之間。用飽和氯化鈉水溶液洗滌有機層,用3-巰基丙基官能化矽膠處理過夜,經無水硫酸鎂乾燥,經由矽藻土塞過濾並濃縮。藉由急速層析(矽膠24 g Grace Reveleris管柱,用庚烷中之0至60% 3:1乙酸乙酯/乙醇混合物梯度溶析)純化殘餘物,以提供呈混合物形式之標題化合物。藉由第二急速層析(矽膠24 g Grace Reveleris管柱,庚烷中之15%至35% 3:1乙酸乙酯/乙醇混合物)純化材料,以提供0.147 g (75%)標題化合物。1
H NMR (501 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 12.17 (s, 1H), 8.35 (d, J = 4.2 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.33 (s, 1H), 7.32 (dd, J = 9.0, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 6.98 (d, J = 9.1 Hz, 2H), 6.83 (s, 1H), 6.31 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 4.98 (s, 1H), 3.59 (s, 3H), 2.82 (tq, J = 7.7, 4.0 Hz, 1H), 2.01 (s, 6H), 1.44 (s, 6H), 0.70 (td, J = 7.0, 4.9 Hz, 2H), 0.52 (m, 2H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 504.1 (M+H)+
。 實例122 N-乙基-4-[2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(1-羥環丁基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例122a 2-(2-溴-4-碘苯氧基)-5-氟-1,3-二甲基苯 在110℃下,將2-溴-1-氟-4-碘苯(3.01 g, 10 mmol)、實例35a (1.472 g, 10.50 mmol)及碳酸銫(3.42 g, 10.50 mmol)於二甲基亞碸(20 mL)中之混合物加熱過夜。在冷卻至環境溫度之後,將反應混合物分配於水與乙酸乙酯之間。用乙酸乙酯將水層再萃取兩次。用鹽水洗滌合併之有機層,經無水硫酸鎂乾燥,過濾並濃縮。藉由矽膠上之管柱層析純化殘餘物,用庚烷溶析,以獲得白色固體狀標題化合物(3.21 g, 76%產率)。 實例122b 1-(3-溴-4-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)苯基)環丁-1-醇 將己烷(10 mL)中之實例122a (0.421 g, 1.0 mmol)冷卻至-78℃。在‑78℃下向此溶液中添加1.7 M第三丁基鋰(0.647 mL, 1.1 mmol)。在-78℃下將反應物攪拌1小時。然後添加甲苯(3 mL),且溶液變澄清。向此溶液中添加甲苯(1 mL)中之環丁酮(0.105 g, 1.5 mmol)。將反應物緩慢升溫至環境溫度過夜。用飽和NH4
Cl淬滅反應混合物。然後將其分配於水與乙酸乙酯之間。用乙酸乙酯將水層再萃取兩次。用鹽水洗滌合併之有機層,經MgSO4
乾燥,過濾並濃縮。藉由矽膠上之管柱層析純化殘餘物,用庚烷中之10%乙酸乙酯溶析,以獲得標題化合物(0.086 g, 0.235 mmol, 24%產率)。 實例122c N-乙基-4-[2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(1-羥環丁基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例122c係根據用於製備實例28e之程序、用實例122b取代實例28d來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 12.21 (s, 1H), 8.32 (t, J = 5.4 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.37 - 7.30 (m, 2H), 6.97 (d, J = 9.1 Hz, 2H), 6.83 (s, 1H), 6.33 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 5.44 (s, 1H), 3.58 (s, 3H), 3.31 - 3.19 (m, 2H), 2.49 - 2.38 (m, 2H), 2.24 (ddd, J = 11.6, 9.2, 7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.00 (s, 6H), 1.98 - 1.81 (m, 1H), 1.68 - 1.55 (m, 1H), 1.16 - 1.05 (m, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 504.1 (M+H)+
。 實例123 N-乙基-4-[2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(3-羥氧雜環丁-3-基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例123a 3-(3-溴-4-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)苯基)氧雜環丁-3-醇 實例123a係根據用於製備實例122b之程序、用氧雜環丁-3-酮取代環丁酮來製備。 實例123b N-乙基-4-[2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(3-羥氧雜環丁-3-基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺 實例123b係根據用於製備實例28e之程序、用實例123a取代實例28d來製備。1
H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6
) δ 12.23 (s, 1H), 8.31 (t, J = 5.3 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (dd, J = 8.6, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (s, 1H), 6.98 (d, J = 9.1 Hz, 2H), 6.84 (s, 1H), 6.40 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.33 (s, 1H), 4.78 - 4.67 (m, 4H), 3.58 (s, 3H), 3.25 (qd, J = 7.2, 5.3 Hz, 2H), 2.01 (s, 6H), 1.10 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H)。MS (ESI+) m/z 506.1 (M+H)+
。g. 生物 實例 溴域結合分析
使用時間解析螢光共振能量轉移(TR-FRET)分析來測定表1中所列示之實例化合物對BRD4之每一溴域之親和力。表現且純化BRD4之加His標籤之第一(BDI:胺基酸K57-E168)及第二(BDII:胺基酸E352-M457)溴域。使用Alexa647標記之BET抑制劑作為分析中之螢光探針。Alexa647 標記之溴域抑制劑化合物之合成 2-((6S,Z)-4-(4- 氯苯基 )-2,3,9- 三甲基 -6H- 噻吩并 [3,2-f][1,2,4] 三唑并 [4,3-a][1,4] 二氮呯 -6- 基 ) 乙酸 .
將2-((6S,Z)-4-(4-氯苯基)-2,3,9-三甲基-6H-噻吩并[3,2-f][1,2,4]三唑并[4,3-a][1,4]二氮呯-6-基)乙酸甲酯(例如參見WO 2006129623) (100.95 mg, 0.243 mmol)懸浮於1 mL甲醇中,向其中添加氫氧化鋰單水合物(0.973 mL, 0.5 M, 0.487 mmol)之新製備溶液並在環境溫度下振盪3小時。蒸發甲醇且用鹽酸水溶液(1 M, 0.5 mL, 0.5 mmol)調節pH並用乙酸乙酯萃取4次。經硫酸鎂乾燥合併之乙酸乙酯層並蒸發,以提供2-((6S,Z)-4-(4-氯苯基)-2,3,9-三甲基-6H-噻吩并[3,2-f][1,2,4]三唑并[4,3-a][1,4]二氮呯-6-基)乙酸(85.3 mg, 87.0%);ESI-MS m/z = 401.1 [(M+H)+
],其直接用於下一反應中。 N -(2-(2-(2- 胺基乙氧基 ) 乙氧基 ) 乙基 )-2-((6S,Z)-4-(4- 氯苯基 )-2,3,9- 三甲基 -6H
- 噻吩并 [3,2-f][1,2,4] 三唑并 [4,3-a][1,4] 二氮呯 -6- 基 ) 乙醯胺雙 (2,2,2- 三氟乙酸酯 ).
將2-((6S,Z)-4-(4-氯苯基)-2,3,9-三甲基-6H-噻吩并[3,2-f][1,2,4]三唑并[4,3-a][1,4]二氮呯-6-基)乙酸)(85.3 mg, 0.213 mmol)與2,2'-(乙烷-1,2-二基雙(氧基))二乙胺(Sigma-Aldrich, 0.315 mg, 2.13 mmol)合併於5 mL無水二甲基甲醯胺中。添加六氟磷酸(1H
-苯并[d][1,2,3]三唑-1-基氧基)三吡咯啶-1-基鏻(V) (PyBOB, CSBio, Menlo Park CA;332 mg, 0.638 mmol)且在環境溫度下將反應物振盪16小時。用二甲基亞碸:水(9:1, v:v)將反應物稀釋至6 mL,並在Waters Deltapak C18 200 × 25 mm管柱中純化,兩次注入且隨時間收集,用水中之0.1%三氟乙酸(v/v)及乙腈之梯度溶析。將含有兩種純化產物之部分凍乾以提供N
-(2-(2-(2-胺基乙氧基)乙氧基)乙基)-2-((6S
,Z)-4-(4-氯苯基)-2,3,9-三甲基-6H
-噻吩并[3,2-f][1,2,4]三唑并[4,3-a][1,4]二氮呯-6-基)乙醯胺雙(2,2,2-三氟乙酸酯) (134.4 mg, 82.3%);ESI-MS m/z = 531.1 [(M+H)+
];529.1 [(M-H)-
]及(S
,Z)-N,N'
-(2,2'-(乙烷-1,2-二基雙(氧基))雙(乙烷-2,1-二基))雙(2-((6S
,Z)-4-(4-氯苯基)-2,3,9-三甲基-6H
-噻吩并[3,2-f][1,2,4]三唑并[4,3-a][1,4]二氮呯-6-基)乙醯胺)雙(2,2,2-三氟乙酸酯) (3.0 mg, 1.5%);ESI-MS m/z = 913.2 [(M+H)+
];911.0 [(M-H)-
]。 N -(2-(2-(2- 醯胺基 -(Alexa647)- 乙氧基 ) 乙氧基 ) 乙基 )-2-((6S
,Z)-4-(4- 氯苯基 )-2,3,9- 三甲基 -6H
- 噻吩并 [3,2-f][1,2,4] 三唑并 [4,3-a][1,4] 二氮呯 -6- 基 ) 乙醯胺 (2,2,2- 三氟乙酸酯 ).
將N
-(2-(2-(2-胺基乙氧基)乙氧基)乙基)-2-((6S
,Z)-4-(4-氯苯基)-2,3,9-三甲基-6H
-噻吩并[3,2-f][1,2,4]三唑并[4,3-a][1,4]二氮呯-6-基)乙醯胺雙(2,2,2-三氟乙酸酯) (5.4 mg, 0.0071 mmol)與Alexa Fluor® 647甲酸琥珀醯亞胺基酯(Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY;3 mg, 0.0024 mmol)合併於1 mL含有二異丙基乙胺(1% v/v)之無水二甲基亞碸中,並在環境溫度下振盪16小時。用二甲基亞碸:水(9:1, v:v)將反應物稀釋至3 mL,並在Waters Deltapak C18 200 × 25 mm管柱中純化,一次注入且隨時間收集,用水中之0.1%三氟乙酸(v/v)及乙腈之梯度溶析。將含有純化產物之部分凍乾以提供深藍色粉末狀N
-(2-(2-(2-醯胺基-(Alexa647)-乙氧基)乙氧基)乙基)-2-((6S
,Z)-4-(4-氯苯基)-2,3,9-三甲基-6H
-噻吩并[3,2-f][1,2,4]三唑并[4,3-a][1,4]二氮呯-6-基)乙醯胺(2,2,2-三氟乙酸酯) (1.8 mg);MALDI-MS m/z = 1371.1, 1373.1 [(M+H)+
]。分析
於DMSO中經由約3倍連續稀釋製備化合物稀釋系列。使用Labcyte Echo以及Labcyte Access及Thermo Multidrop CombinL機器人將化合物稀釋液直接添加至白色低體積分析板(Perkin Elmer Proxiplate 384 Plus編號6008280)中。然後將化合物懸浮於8微升((μL)含有加His標籤之溴域、銪偶聯抗His抗體(Invitrogen PV5596)及Alexa-647偶聯探針之分析緩衝液(20 mM磷酸鈉(pH 6.0)、50 mM NaCl、1 mM乙二胺四乙酸二鈉鹽二水合物、0.01% Triton X-100、1 mM DL-二硫蘇糖醇)中。 最終濃度之1×分析混合物含有2% DMSO、12 nM加His標籤之BRD4 (BDI_K57-E168)及100 nM探針或4 nM加His標籤之BRD4 (BDII_E352-M457)及30 nM探針、及1 nM銪偶聯抗His標籤抗體、及以下範圍內之化合物濃度:49.02 µM-0.61 nM或0.98 µM - 0.15 nM。 在室溫下平衡一小時後,使用Envision多標記板讀數儀(Ex 340, Em 495/520)測定TR-FRET比率。 將TR-FRET數據正規化至24種無化合物對照(「高」)及8種含有1 µM未標記探針之對照(「低」)之平均值。繪製抑制%隨化合物濃度之變化且使用4參數邏輯方程式擬合數據以獲得IC50。根據IC50
、探針Kd
及探針濃度計算抑制常數(Ki
)。 平均Ki
值報告於表1中。 表1
化合物X係N-[4-(2,4-二氟苯氧基)-3-(6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-4-基)苯基]乙烷磺醯胺; 化合物Y係4-[2-(2,4-二氟苯氧基)-5-(甲基磺醯基)苯基]-N-乙基-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺;且 化合物Z係4-[5-(羥甲基)-2-苯氧基苯基]-6-甲基-1,6-二氫-7H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-7-酮。 在上文所述之TR-FRET分析中發現所有經測試化合物具有針對BRD4 BDII優於BRD4 BDI之選擇性,且對BRD4 BDII之選擇性係對BRD4 BDI的至少10倍。在一實施例中,本發明化合物對BRD4 BDII之選擇性係對BRD4 BDI的約50至約100倍。在一實施例中,本發明化合物對BRD4 BDII之選擇性係對BRD4 BDI的約100至約200倍。在一實施例中,本發明化合物對BRD4 BDII之選擇性係對BRD4 BDI的至少約200倍。異種移植物腫瘤生長抑制分析
評估實例32、35化合物及化合物X抑制SKM-1_FP1及LNCaP-FGC異種移植物腫瘤生長之效應。將雌性SCID米黃色小鼠(Charles River)用於SKM-1_FP1側腹異種移植物模型。將線性NSG小鼠(JAX Labs)用於LNCaP-FGC研究。將細胞懸浮於PBS中,與基質膠(不含酚紅,Becton Dickinson Biosciences Discovery Labware)以1:4 (V/V)之比率混合且皮下接種至小鼠之側腹(500萬個細胞/位點)中。將經接種之小鼠隨機化成多組且在平均腫瘤體積為0.2-0.25 cm3
時開始處理。以下列比例(體積%)經口投與化合物:1.5% DMSO、30% PEG 400及68.5% Phosol 53 MCT。藉由用卡尺量測腫瘤大小並使用式(L × W2
/2)計算體積來評價側腹中之腫瘤生長。在腫瘤體積達到3 cm3
之前停止研究組。在停止媒劑處理組時藉由計算測試藥物組之平均體積對未經處理(對照)組之平均體積的比率(T/C)並計算腫瘤生長抑制% (TGI%)來評價腫瘤生長之抑制。 TGI% = ((1-T/C) × 100)。結果報告於表2中。BDII 選擇性 BET 抑制劑之效能及暴露安全窗
在小鼠SKM-1 (AML)及LNCaP (前列腺)異種移植物中,使用兩種BDII選擇性BET抑制劑化合物(實例35及實例32)及泛BET抑制劑(化合物X)來研究AML (急性骨髓樣白血病)及前列腺癌中之效能(表2)。 使用實例35、實例32及化合物X來實施14天大鼠毒物學研究,且基於存活觀察(包括臨床體徵、體重及食物消耗)來確定最大耐受暴露。在普斯拉-道來氏大鼠(Sprague-Dawley rat)中,每日一次經口投用化合物。相對於小鼠異種移植物模型中之有效暴露自大鼠中之耐受暴露計算之暴露安全窗報告於表2中。 表2
應理解,上述詳細描述及隨附實例僅具有說明性且不應視為對本發明範疇之限制,本發明之範疇僅由隨附申請專利範圍及其等效內容來界定。對於熟習此項技術者而言,所揭示實施例之各種改變及修改應係顯而易見的。可在不背離本發明之精神及範疇情況下作出該等改變及修改,包括(但不限於)與本發明之化學結構、取代基、衍生物、中間體、合成、調配物及/或使用方法相關之彼等。出於所有目的,本文所引用之所有出版物、專利及專利申請案之全部內容皆以引用方式併入本文中。
Claims (2)
- 一種N-乙基-4-[2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺或其醫藥上可接受之鹽。
- 一種N-乙基-4-[2-(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)-5-(2-羥丙-2-基)苯基]-6-甲基-7-側氧基-6,7-二氫-1H-吡咯并[2,3-c]吡啶-2-甲醯胺。
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