TWI609904B - 塑化劑組合物 - Google Patents
塑化劑組合物 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI609904B TWI609904B TW105120175A TW105120175A TWI609904B TW I609904 B TWI609904 B TW I609904B TW 105120175 A TW105120175 A TW 105120175A TW 105120175 A TW105120175 A TW 105120175A TW I609904 B TWI609904 B TW I609904B
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-dicarboxylic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- -1 terephthalic acid diester Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920002681 hypalon Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004606 Fillers/Extenders Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004609 Impact Modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930182556 Polyacetal Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012963 UV stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004872 foam stabilizing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012760 heat stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006254 rheological additive Substances 0.000 claims 1
- OEIWPNWSDYFMIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctyl benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(=O)OCCCCCCCC)C=C1 OEIWPNWSDYFMIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- HORIEOQXBKUKGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(7-methyloctyl) cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCOC(=O)C1CCCCC1C(=O)OCCCCCCC(C)C HORIEOQXBKUKGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 9
- ZVFDTKUVRCTHQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisodecyl phthalate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCCC(C)C ZVFDTKUVRCTHQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000004806 diisononylester Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- QZCLKYGREBVARF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetyl tributyl citrate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CC(C(=O)OCCCC)(OC(C)=O)CC(=O)OCCCC QZCLKYGREBVARF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SAOKZLXYCUGLFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CCCCC(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC SAOKZLXYCUGLFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
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- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000005498 phthalate group Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920006217 cellulose acetate butyrate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- NZNMSOFKMUBTKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanecarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CCCCC1 NZNMSOFKMUBTKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L phthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004383 yellowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- OLAQBFHDYFMSAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 1,2-bis(7-methyloctyl)cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCC1(C([O-])=O)CCCCC1(CCCCCCC(C)C)C([O-])=O OLAQBFHDYFMSAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- CBECDWUDYQOTSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylbut-3-enal Chemical compound CCC(C=C)C=O CBECDWUDYQOTSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NAGVKZOTMXGCCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexyl 7-methyloctanoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CCCCCC(C)C NAGVKZOTMXGCCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUHQWKGQAYBNEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexyl propanoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CC GUHQWKGQAYBNEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWPICVVBGZBXNA-BGYRXZFFSA-N Bis(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate Natural products CCCC[C@H](CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(=O)OC[C@H](CC)CCCC)C=C1 RWPICVVBGZBXNA-BGYRXZFFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M Butyrate Chemical compound CCCC([O-])=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Natural products CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000004807 Di(2-ethylhexyl)terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004803 Di-2ethylhexylphthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920012485 Plasticized Polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001328 Polyvinylidene chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SCYMSBOIEDRMRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][NH+](c(cc1)ccc1NOP)OP Chemical compound [O-][NH+](c(cc1)ccc1NOP)OP SCYMSBOIEDRMRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-L adipate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCCCC([O-])=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- RWPICVVBGZBXNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC)C=C1 RWPICVVBGZBXNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZFMQKOWCDKKBIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(3,5-difluorophenyl)phosphane Chemical compound FC1=CC(F)=CC(PC=2C=C(F)C=C(F)C=2)=C1 ZFMQKOWCDKKBIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZXFCRFYULUUSDW-OWXODZSWSA-N chembl2104970 Chemical compound C([C@H]1C2)C3=CC=CC(O)=C3C(=O)C1=C(O)[C@@]1(O)[C@@H]2CC(O)=C(C(=O)N)C1=O ZXFCRFYULUUSDW-OWXODZSWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VZFUCHSFHOYXIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N cycloheptane carboxylic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1CCCCCC1 VZFUCHSFHOYXIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSAWQNUELGIYBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CCCCC1C(O)=O QSAWQNUELGIYBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009408 flooring Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002649 leather substitute Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- JTHNLKXLWOXOQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-propyl vinyl ketone Natural products CCCC(=O)C=C JTHNLKXLWOXOQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L terephthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000003503 terephthalic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003017 thermal stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002110 toxicologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000723 toxicological property Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
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- C08K5/10—Esters; Ether-esters
- C08K5/12—Esters; Ether-esters of cyclic polycarboxylic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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- C08K13/02—Organic and inorganic ingredients
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
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- C08K3/24—Acids; Salts thereof
- C08K3/26—Carbonates; Bicarbonates
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
- C08K5/0016—Plasticisers
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/10—Esters; Ether-esters
- C08K5/101—Esters; Ether-esters of monocarboxylic acids
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L27/04—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing chlorine atoms
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
- H01B3/443—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from vinylhalogenides or other halogenoethylenic compounds
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Abstract
本發明係關於一種塑化劑組合物,包含一對苯二甲酸二酯及一具有下式(I)的酯:
其中R1及R2係相同或不同,且代表一直鏈、支鏈、或環狀烴基。式(I)中R1及R2具有1至15個碳原子。
本發明亦關於一種聚合物組合物,其包含一種塑化劑組合物,該塑化劑組合物包含一對苯二甲酸二酯及一具有式(I)的酯。
Description
本發明係關於一種適用於將聚合物塑化之塑化劑組合物,包含一對苯二甲酸二酯及一單酯,該聚合物例如乙烯系聚合物、含鹵素聚合物、氯磺化聚乙烯、纖維素酯、丙烯酸系聚合物、聚縮醛、或其混合物。
塑化劑為化合物或化合物的混合物,其併入聚合物樹脂中以增加聚合物樹脂的柔軟度、可撓性、加工性、或伸張性。常見的塑化劑包括苯二甲酸酯類(phthalates),尤其是鄰苯二甲酸酯類。近年來,鄰苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP或DOP)及較短烷鍊的鄰苯二甲酸酯(phthalate ester)因其毒物學性質與全世界環境規律性而在某些應用上受限,或成為被詳細檢視的目標。因此,應至少考慮將需要不同的塑化劑。對於此與塑化聚合物系統的多數其他用途,研發了高分子量的苯二甲酸酯類,例如鄰苯二甲酸二異癸酯(diisodecyl phthalate;DIDP),以及其他不含鄰苯二甲酸酯的塑化劑,例如對苯二甲酸酯(如對苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOTP))、環己烷酸酯(如1,2-環己烷二羧酸二異壬酯(DINCH))。
US 2628207揭露一種組合物,包含100份約95%氯乙烯與約5%乙酸乙烯酯的樹脂共聚物,及5至100份的DOTP。
US 2010/0305250揭露環己烷羧酸的C7-C12二級醇酯,做為用於聚氯乙烯(PVC)及其他可塑化聚合物之塑化劑。
WO 2008/140177揭露一種塑化劑組合物,包含至少三種不同的對苯二甲酸化合物。
US 2013/0310472A1揭露一種可起泡組合物,包含一聚合物、一泡沫形成劑、及/或泡沫穩定劑、與作為塑化劑的對苯二甲酸二-2-乙基己基酯,該聚合物選自下列所組成之群組:聚氯乙烯、聚偏二氯乙烯、聚丁酸乙烯酯、聚烷(甲基)丙烯酸酯、及其共聚物。
US 2003/0014948A1描述經塑化聚氯乙烯(PVC),其中塑化劑包含對苯二甲酸二辛酯及己二酸二辛酯。
US 2014/0162045A1描述一種聚氯乙烯(PVC)物件,包含PVC樹脂、一主要塑化劑及一金屬-羧酸清除劑。該PVC物件更包含一次要塑化劑。該主要與次要塑化劑選自下列所組成之群組:鄰苯二甲酸、對苯二甲酸、環氧化植物油、1,2,4-苯三甲酸酯(trimellitate)、聚酯、磷酸酯、檸檬酸酯、苯甲酸酯、磺酸酯、及己二酸酯。
即使有前述的研究,仍在尋找一種有效的塑化劑,其可增進處理性、塑化劑吸收速度、高溫時重量穩定性、體電阻率同時一併降低經塑化聚合物在可比較強度下的缺陷點及遷移(migration)、及熱穩定性質。
一種塑化劑組合物包含一對苯二甲酸二酯及一具有下式(I)的酯:
其中R1及R2係相同或不同,且代表一直鏈、支鏈、或環狀烴基,較佳烷基。R1及R2可具有1至15個碳原子。較佳地,R1為具有1至12個碳原子的烷基,更佳具有2至8個碳原子,且最佳具有2至7個碳原子。R2較佳為具有7至15個碳原子的烷基,更佳具有7至14個碳原子,最佳具有7至9個碳原子。在又另一較佳實施態樣中,R2為具有7至8個碳原子的烷基。
最佳地,式(I)的酯具有11至23個碳原子。如果式(I)的酯具有少於11個碳原子,其將於室溫下更易揮發。相反地,如果式(I)的酯具有的碳原子數多於23,其將於室溫下為固體形式,導致處理性和與聚合物樹脂的相容性不佳。
對苯二甲酸二酯較佳具有下式(II):
其中R3及R4係相同或不同,且代表一具有6至15個碳原子之直鏈或支鏈烷基,較佳8至10個碳原子。如果使用具有較少碳原子數的烷基,遷移將會增加。相反地,如果使用具較大碳原子數的烷基,與聚合物樹脂的相容性將會因為其高黏度而下降。經塑化的聚合物組合物的處理性也會較差。
對苯二甲酸二酯及具有式(I)的酯的混合物可包含任意比例的對苯二甲酸二酯及具有式(I)的酯。適合的混合物可包括
基於塑化物組合物的總量為80至99.7重量%的對苯二甲酸二酯,較佳85至99.5重量%,更佳92至98.5重量%,且最佳92至97重量%。同樣地,適合的混合物可包括基於塑化物組合物的總量為0.3至20重量%的具有式(I)的酯,較佳0.5至15重量%,更佳1.5至8重量%,且最佳3至8重量%。在一實施態樣中,塑化劑組合物由前述對苯二甲酸二酯及具有式(I)的酯的混合物之任一實施態樣所組成。
本發明塑化劑組合物的潛在用途為做為多種聚合物樹脂的塑化劑,例如乙烯系聚合物、含鹵素聚合物、氯磺化聚乙烯、纖維素酯、丙烯酸系聚合物、聚縮醛、或其混合物,較佳丙烯酸酯彈性體、聚乙烯丁醛、聚氯乙烯、表氯醇(epichlorohydrin)、氯磺化聚乙烯、纖維素醋酸丁酸酯(cellulose-acetate butyrate),最佳聚氯乙烯。
本發明塑化劑組合物與聚合物之相容性係優良的,該聚合物尤其是聚氯乙烯。此係因為該塑化劑組合物的低黏度,其中式(I)的酯作為黏度降低劑及對苯二甲酸二酯的吸收速度增進劑。
本發明的另一實施態樣關於一種聚合物組合物,其包含至少一種聚合物及一種塑化劑組合物,該塑化劑組合物包含一對苯二甲酸二酯及一具有式(I)的酯。
此實施態樣的聚合物選自乙烯系聚合物、含鹵素聚合物、氯磺化聚乙烯、纖維素酯、丙烯酸系聚合物、聚縮醛、或其混合物,較佳丙烯酸酯彈性體、聚乙烯丁醛、聚氯乙烯、表氯醇、氯磺化聚乙烯、纖維素醋酸丁酸酯,最佳聚氯乙烯。
在此實施態樣的聚合物組合物中,包含對苯二甲酸二酯及具有式(I)的酯的塑化劑組合物可用於本文前述的任一實施態樣。
本發明的聚合物組合物基於100重量份之聚合物,較佳包含10至100重量份的塑化劑組合物,更佳包含40至60重量份。
本發明的聚合物組合物易於處理、混合、或形成,此係因為塑化劑組合物具有低黏度且其與聚合物之相容性良好,因此可協助降低聚合物組合物在處理、混合、或形成時的聚合物黏度。然後,混合時間與冷卻時間亦可減少,其中仍然可得到均質的分布,達到增進能源的節省與較高的產能。此外,此聚合物組合物具有較低的分解重量、缺陷點、及較高的體電阻率。
本發明的聚合物組合物進一步包含至少一種添加劑,該添加劑係選自下列所組成之群組:填料、增量劑(extender)、顏料、熱穩定劑、UV穩定劑、黏度調節劑、流變添加劑、泡沫形成劑、泡沫穩定劑、抗靜電劑、衝擊調節劑、及潤滑劑。
本發明的聚合物組合物可用於製造複合物、電線/電纜複合物、線束、板、帶、膜、食物包裝、管、交通工具零件、封口襯墊、墊片、醫療用品、建築材料、家庭用品、鞋類、地板材料、合成皮革、防水布、壁紙、玩具等等。
以下,將藉由實施例進一步例示本發明。
方法與定義
1. 測定塑化劑組合物黏度
塑化劑組合物的黏度根據ASTM D2196(布氏黏度
計(Brookfield viscometer))測定,於25℃下且使用0號軸測試。
2. 測定塑化劑吸收時間
塑化劑吸收時間根據ASTM D2396-88程序測定。測量由添加塑化劑至行星混合器的捏合力矩(kneading torque)到達最小值的時間,作為塑化劑吸收時間。
3. 測定聚合物組合物的物理性質
a)硬度
根據ASTM D2240,使用硬度測試計或硬度計(A型)在五個不同位置測量厚度為3毫米的樣本,並記錄其平均值。
b)遷移為塑化劑遷移量的測量。
c)體電阻率(Volume resistivity,VR)為聚合物組合物的體電阻率的測量。
體電阻率根據ASTM D257測定。厚度為2毫米的樣本被放置在兩個電極之間。在六十秒內,施加電壓並測量電阻。計算表面電阻率或體電阻率,且給定表觀值(60秒通電時間)。
d)熱穩定性為聚合物組合物對熱的耐受性的測量。
熱穩定性藉由Metastat機器於200℃及200分鐘下測定。目視觀察1毫米厚的樣本變色及其他降解現象。紀錄樣本開始改變顏色(開始變色)的時間及樣本開始燒焦(燒焦變色)的時間。
e)重量穩定性(失重%)為聚合物組合物加熱後分解的測量。
厚度為1毫米的樣本被敲打為啞鈴狀,並於100℃下加熱168小時,且失重%如下計算。
f)黃化指數為樣本變為黃色的測量。
根據ASTM D9125,以資料色彩機600TM測量厚度為1毫米的樣本。
g)抗張強度及延伸%
抗張強度及延伸藉由JIS K6723測量。使用測試機U.T.M.將啞鈴狀樣本以200毫米/分鐘十字頭速度(cross head speed)拉伸。測量斷裂點。以下列等式計算抗張強度及延伸。
h)脆化溫度為聚合物組合物耐受低溫而在發現脆化前的溫度測量。脆化溫度越低,聚合物組合物在低溫下的耐受性越高。
使用克氏-伯氏測試(Clash and Berg test)(ASTM D746脆化測試)在溫度範圍-30至-50℃,溫度速率為2℃/分鐘下測量厚度2毫米的樣本。
i)銀點(fish eye)為未融化材料出現在模製部件表面上所導致的表面缺陷。
根據ASTM D3596-09測量銀點。PVC樹脂、塑化劑、
熱穩定劑、及碳黑以手動分別混合,且組合物於145℃磨製5分鐘,在每一分鐘區間內僅折合邊緣一次。移出經磨製的厚度為1毫米的板,使其冷卻並放置在黑光照射的平面上。放大以計算每單位面積中的膠結或硬顆粒。
下表中所使用的縮寫具有如下意義:
PVC:聚氯乙烯樹脂
DOTP:對苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯
DIDP:鄰苯二甲酸二異癸酯
DINCH:1,2-環己烷二羧酸二異壬酯
2EHP:丙酸2-乙基己基酯
2EHNN:異壬酸2-乙基己基酯(2-ethylhexyl isononanoate)
DOA:己二酸二(2-乙基己基)酯
ATBC:乙醯檸檬酸三丁酯(acetyl tri-butyl citrate)
EPO:環氧化大豆油
以下,將以下列實施例及比較實施例更詳細描述本發明。然而,下列實施例僅用於理解本發明,且本發明並不受下列實施例所限制。
第一實施態樣
藉由將混合物於40rpm及室溫下攪拌5分鐘,製備本發明塑化劑組合物與比較塑化劑。之後評估其性質,如表1所示。
如表1所示,相較於只使用DOTP(CE1)、較高分子量鄰苯二甲酸酯塑化劑DIDP(CE2)及DINCH(CE3),同時使用式(I)的酯與DOTP(IE1至6)會獲得較低的黏度。可發現式(I)的酯的用量越高,塑化劑組合物的黏度越低。在相同量的第二塑化劑之下,包含DOTP及式(I)的酯的塑化劑組合物(IE2及IE6)具有較包含DOTP及DOA的塑化劑組合物(CE4)及包含DOTP及ATBC的塑化劑組合物(CE5)更低的黏度。此將使得基於本發明塑化劑組合物的經塑化聚合物相較於比較塑化劑者更容易處理,此外,式(I)的酯的低分子量更提升此效果。
表1亦顯示包含DOTP及式(I)的酯的塑化劑組合物(IE1至6)的塑化劑吸收時間,尤其是關於低分子量的式(I)的酯,顯著短於DOTP(CE1)、較高分子量鄰苯二甲酸酯塑化劑DIDP(CE2)及DINCH(CE3)的塑化劑吸收時間。包含DOTP及2EHP的塑化劑組合物(IE1至IE5)也顯示比包含DOTP及DOA的塑化劑組合物(CE4)及包含DOTP及ATBC的塑化劑組合物(CE5)較短的塑化劑吸收時間。
使用包含DOTP及式(I)的酯(尤其是較低分子量的式(I)的酯)的塑化劑組合物之較低的黏度與較短的塑化劑吸收時間使得處理時間較快。
第二實施態樣
根據表2所示的材料與用量製備用於纜線的複合物之聚合物組合物。各組份被乾式混合並以混合輥在160℃下混合4分鐘以製備聚氯乙烯組合物板以測試熱穩定性。為了測試硬度、抗張強度、延伸性、塑化劑遷移量、體電阻率、及重量穩定性,藉由壓縮模製將組合物板於180℃下壓縮5分鐘至預定尺寸。其結果如表2所示。
表2顯示含有DOTP與2EHP的聚合物組合物(聚合物組合物1至5)的體電阻率與重量穩定性較含有比較的基於
DOTP之塑化劑組合物的聚合物組合物(聚合物組合物6、8、及9)為佳,而塑化劑遷移、抗張強度、延伸%等性質維持相當水準。此外,含有DINCH的聚合物組合物(聚合物組合物7)顯示大部分性質較含有DOTP與2EHP的聚合物組合物差。
第三實施態樣
使用表3所示的材料與用量製備用於軟板與管的複合物的聚合物組合物。各組份被乾式混合並以混合輥在160℃下混合4分鐘以製備聚氯乙烯組合物板以測試熱穩定性。為測試硬度、黃化指數、抗張強度、延伸%、塑化劑遷移量、及脆度,藉由壓縮模製將組合物板於180℃下壓縮5分鐘至預定的測試尺寸。其結果如表3所示。
表3顯示包含DOTP與2EHP的塑化劑組合物(聚合物組合物10)可獲得相當硬度,其使用比僅包含DOTP或DINCH作為塑化劑的聚合物組合物(聚合物組合物11及12)更少量的塑化劑。包含DOTP與2EHP的塑化劑組合物(聚合物組合物10)相較於僅包含DOTP或DINCH作為塑化劑的塑化劑組合物(聚合物組合物11及12)顯示較少的缺陷點,且燒焦前時間較長。
此外,包含DOTP與2EHP的塑化劑組合物(聚合物組合物10)相較於以DINCH作為塑化劑者(聚合物組合物12)具有顯著較低的遷移。
Claims (15)
- 如請求項1所述之塑化劑組合物,其中式(I)的R1及R2係相同或不同,且代表一直鏈或支鏈烷基。
- 如請求項1或2所述之塑化劑組合物,其中式(I)的R1及R2係各自獨立具有1至15個碳原子。
- 如請求項3所述之塑化劑組合物,其中R1係具有1至12個碳原子的烷基。
- 如請求項3所述之塑化劑組合物,其中R2係具有7至15個碳原子的烷基。
- 如請求項1或2所述之塑化劑組合物,其中該對苯二甲酸二 酯之含量基於塑化物組合物的總量係80至99.7重量%。
- 如請求項7所述之塑化劑組合物,其中該對苯二甲酸二酯之含量基於塑化物組合物的總量係85至99.5重量%。
- 如請求項1或2所述之塑化劑組合物,其中該式(I)之酯之含量基於塑化物組合物的總量係0.3至20重量%。
- 如請求項9所述之塑化劑組合物,其中該式(I)之酯之含量基於塑化物組合物的總量係0.5至15重量%。
- 一種如請求項1至10中任一項所述之塑化劑組合物的用途,其係用於乙烯系聚合物、含鹵素聚合物、氯磺化聚乙烯、纖維素酯、丙烯酸系聚合物、聚縮醛、或其混合物。
- 一種聚合物組合物,其包含至少一種聚合物及如請求項1至10中任一項所述之塑化劑組合物,該聚合物係選自下列所組成之群組:乙烯系聚合物、含鹵素聚合物、氯磺化聚乙烯、纖維素酯、丙烯酸系聚合物、聚縮醛、或其混合物。
- 如請求項12所述之聚合物組合物,其中該聚合物係聚氯乙烯。
- 如請求項12或13所述之聚合物組合物,其中該塑化劑組合物之含量基於100重量份之聚合物係10至100重量份。
- 如請求項12或13所述之聚合物組合物,其進一步包含至少一種添加劑,該添加劑係選自下列所組成之群組:填料、增量劑(extender)、顏料、熱穩定劑、UV穩定劑、黏度調節劑、流變添加劑、泡沫形成劑、泡沫穩定劑、抗靜電劑、衝擊調節劑、及潤滑劑。
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US20240043656A1 (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2024-02-08 | Hanwha Solutions Corporation | Plasticizer composition |
CN115725144B (zh) * | 2022-12-21 | 2023-08-18 | 江南大学 | 一种耐变形的家用游泳池聚氯乙烯膜材料 |
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TW201706348A (zh) | 2017-02-16 |
JP2018525468A (ja) | 2018-09-06 |
KR102104480B1 (ko) | 2020-04-27 |
US20180134870A1 (en) | 2018-05-17 |
CN107690447B (zh) | 2020-05-19 |
JP6659740B2 (ja) | 2020-03-04 |
CN107690447A (zh) | 2018-02-13 |
BR112017025741A2 (pt) | 2018-08-07 |
US10538644B2 (en) | 2020-01-21 |
WO2017003388A1 (en) | 2017-01-05 |
KR20180022680A (ko) | 2018-03-06 |
EP3112409A1 (en) | 2017-01-04 |
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