SK283148B6 - Zmes obsahujúca beta-ditiofosforylované propiónové kyseliny a spôsob zlepšenia odolnosti mazív, hydraulických kvapalín alebo kvapalín na obrábanie kovov - Google Patents
Zmes obsahujúca beta-ditiofosforylované propiónové kyseliny a spôsob zlepšenia odolnosti mazív, hydraulických kvapalín alebo kvapalín na obrábanie kovov Download PDFInfo
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- SK283148B6 SK283148B6 SK949-97A SK94997A SK283148B6 SK 283148 B6 SK283148 B6 SK 283148B6 SK 94997 A SK94997 A SK 94997A SK 283148 B6 SK283148 B6 SK 283148B6
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- SK
- Slovakia
- Prior art keywords
- tert
- butyl
- formula
- composition according
- lubricants
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- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 title description 3
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title 2
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 4
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- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 5
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- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 3
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
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- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
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- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (±)-α-Tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- ZQMPWXFHAUDENN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]ethane Natural products CC1=CC=CC=C1NCCNC1=CC=CC=C1C ZQMPWXFHAUDENN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YXIWHUQXZSMYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(S)=NC2=C1 YXIWHUQXZSMYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000005208 1,4-dihydroxybenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- KGRVJHAUYBGFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2'-Methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C)=CC(CC=2C(=C(C=C(C)C=2)C(C)(C)C)O)=C1O KGRVJHAUYBGFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVUXDWXKPROUDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol Chemical compound CCC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 BVUXDWXKPROUDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002530 phenolic antioxidant Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229940116351 sebacate Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001593 sorbitan monooleate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940035049 sorbitan monooleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000446 sulfanediyl group Chemical group *S* 0.000 description 1
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- CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioglycolic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CS CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- INNSFNJTGFCSRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecyl 2-[(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylsulfanyl]acetate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CSCC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 INNSFNJTGFCSRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- IKXFIBBKEARMLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenoxy(sulfanylidene)-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(=S)OC1=CC=CC=C1 IKXFIBBKEARMLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HRLXEVYGASCMIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-nonylphenoxy)-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1OP(=S)(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)CCCCCCCCC)OC1=CC=CC=C1CCCCCCCCC HRLXEVYGASCMIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMVBWTKCDCPTQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris[2-(7-methyloctyl)phenoxy]-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1OP(=S)(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)CCCCCCC(C)C)OC1=CC=CC=C1CCCCCCC(C)C SMVBWTKCDCPTQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940046009 vitamin E Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010626 work up procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000004835 α-tocopherol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002076 α-tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
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- QUEDXNHFTDJVIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N γ-tocopherol Chemical class OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1 QUEDXNHFTDJVIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002446 δ-tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
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- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/26—Organic compounds containing phosphorus
- C10L1/2633—Organic compounds containing phosphorus phosphorus bond to oxygen (no P. C. bond)
- C10L1/265—Organic compounds containing phosphorus phosphorus bond to oxygen (no P. C. bond) oxygen and/or sulfur bonds
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- C10L10/08—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving lubricity; for reducing wear
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- C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
- C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
- C10M137/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M137/10—Thio derivatives
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- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
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- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
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- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
- C10L1/1625—Hydrocarbons macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/1633—Hydrocarbons macromolecular compounds homo- or copolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to carbon unsaturated bonds
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- C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
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- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
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- C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
- C10L1/1828—Salts thereof
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- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
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- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
- C10L1/183—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof at least one hydroxy group bound to an aromatic carbon atom
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- C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
- C10L1/183—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof at least one hydroxy group bound to an aromatic carbon atom
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- C10L1/1852—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Orthoesters
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- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
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Abstract
Zmes obsahujúca mazivo, kvapalinu na obrábanie kovov alebo hydraulickú kvapalinu, 0,005 až 1,0 % hmot. zlúčeniny všeobecného vzorca (I), v ktorom R1 a R2 znamenajú nezávisle od seba C3-C18-alkyl, C5-C12-cykloalkyl, ku C5-C6-cykloalkylmetyl, C9-C10-bicykloalkylmetyl, C9-C10-tricykloalkylmetyl, fenyl, C7-C24-alkylfenyl alebo spolu (CH3)2C(CH2)2 a R3 je atóm vodíka alebo metylová skupina a prípadne ďalšie obvyklé aditíva do olejov zo skupiny antioxidantov, dezaktivátorov kovov, inhibítorov hrdzavenia, dispergátorov, detergentov, prostriedkov zlepšujúcich index viskozity, prostriedkov znižujúcich teplotu tuhnutia a ďalších aditív na ochranu proti opotrebovaniu.ŕ
Description
Oblasť techniky
Vynález sa týka zmesí, ktoré obsahujú mazivo, výhodne priemyselný olej alebo tuk, kvapalinu na obrábanie kovov alebo hydraulickú kvapalinu a najmenej jednu β-ditiofosforylovanú propiónovú kyselinu ďalej uvedeného všeobecného vzorca (I).
Doterajší stav techniky
K moderným mazivám sa pridávajú aditíva, ktoré spĺňajú požiadavky na ochranu proti vysokému tlaku, ochranu proti opotrebovaniu, ochranu proti korózii a na antioxidačný účinok (W.J.Bartz (Editor) a spol., „Additive fur Schmierstoffe“ (expert-Verlag 1994)). Zvláštny význam je pritom prisudzovaný dialkylditiofosforečnanom zinočnatým, pri ktorých je zlúčený antioxidačný účinok s ochranným pôsobením proti vysokému tlaku a proti opotrebovaniu. V poslednom čase sa vyvíja snaha nahradiť tieto prísady obsahujúce ťažké kovy zlúčeninami bez kovov, pretože je to z ekologického hľadiska želané a pretože to pozitívne pôsobí na životnosť katalyzátorov výfukových plynov spaľovacích motorov. V priemysle je v súčasnosti cítiť potrebu aditív bez obsahu kovov a bez popola. Estery typu:
i-pr-0 ^'P-S-CH2-CH2-2-O-alkyl (i-pr - izopropyl) l-pr-o/ II II s o je možné získať pod obchodným názvom Irgalube™63. Ďalej sú v US 4,333,841 patente opísané ditiofosforylované merkaptooctové kyseliny a ich soli ako prísady do mazív.
V GB-A 2'267'493 sú opísané deriváty kyseliny bis-ditio-ľosforečnej ako aditíva do mazív. Na rovnaké použitie sú navrhnuté v EP-A 98,809 (CA-101:55323 s) soli všeobecného vzorca (RO)2P(S)S(CH2)nC(O)OM, kde M znamená Li, K, Na, HNR. US-A 5,362,419 opisuje kyseliny všeobecného vzorca (RO)2P(S) S(CH2)2C(O)OH ako medziprodukty na výrobu glykolesterov, vhodných ako prísad do mazív, ako napríklad (RO)2P(S) (CH2)2C(O)OCH2(CHOH)CH2OH (pozri tiež H.Zinke, R.Schumacher, Wear 179(1-2)(1994) 45-8 (CA 122: 85158 t)).
Podstata vynálezu
Zistilo sa, že β-ditiofosforylované kyseliny propiónové, ktoré sú medziproduktami pre uvedené estery propiónovej kyseliny, sú už samé vo veľmi malých koncentráciách vynikajúce ochranné prostriedky proti vysokému tlaku a opotrebovaniu.
Predmetom vynálezu sú teda zmesi, výhodne bez zinku a popola, obsahujúce:
A) mazivo alebo pohonnú látku, kvapalinu na obrábanie kovov alebo hydraulickú kvapalinu, hlavne priemyselný olej alebo tuk, hlavne základný olej zo skupiny minerálnych, rastlinných alebo syntetických olejov (ako napríklad poly-a-olefínových alebo esterových olejov),
B) najmenej jednu zlúčeninu všeobecného vzorca (I)
R'a R2 znamenajú nezávisle od seba alkylovú skupinu obsahujúcu 3 až 18 atómov uhlíka, cykloalkylovú skupinu obsahujúcu 5 až 12 atómov uhlíka, cykloalkylmetylovú skupinu obsahujúcu 5 až 6 atómov uhlíka, bicykloalkylmetylovú skupinu obsahujúcu 9 až 10 atómov uhlíka, tricyklo tricykloalkylmetylovú skupinu obsahujúcu 9 až 10 atómov uhlíka, fenylovú skupinu, alkylfenylovú skupinu obsahujúcu 7 až 24 atómov uhlíka alebo spolu (CH3)2C(CH2)2 a
R3 je atóm vodíka alebo metylová skupina, a prípadne
C) ďalšie obvyklé aditíva do olejov, napríklad zo skupiny antioxidantov, dezaktivátorov kovov, inhibítorov hrdzavenia, dispergátorov, detergentov, prostriedkov zlepšujúcich index viskozity, prostriedkov znižujúcich bod tuhnutia a ďalších aditív na ochranu proti opotrebovaniu.
Pri komponente B) je výhodné, keď R1 a R2 znamenajú nezávisle od seba alkylovú skupinu obsahujúcu 3 až 18 atómov uhlíka, cykloalkylovú skupinu obsahujúcu 5 až 6 atómov uhlíka alebo alkylfenylovú skupinu obsahujúcu 7 až 18 atómov uhlíka.
Pri komponente B) je zvlášť výhodné, keď R1 a R2 znamenajú izopropylovú skupinu, izobutylovú skupinu alebo 2-etylhexylovú skupinu a R3 je atóm vodíka.
Pokiaľ v uvedenom všeobecnom vzorci (I) R1 a R2 predstavujú alkylovú skupinu obsahujúcu 3 až 18 atómov uhlíka, ide pritom o rozvetvené alebo nerozvetvené zvyšky. Ako príklady je možné uviesť propylovú skupinu, izopropylovú skupinu, n-butylovú skupinu, izobutylovú skupinu, terc.butylovú skupinu, pentylovú skupinu, izopentylovú skupinu, hexylovú skupinu, heptylovú skupinu, 3heptylovú skupinu, oktylovú skupinu, 2-etylhexylovú skupinu, nonylovú skupinu, decylovú skupinu, undecylovú skupinu, dodecylovú skupinu, tridecylovú skupinu, tetradecylovú skupinu, pentadecylovú skupinu, hexadecylovú skupinu, heptadecylovú skupinu, oktadecylovú skupinu, 2-etylbutylovú skupinu, 1-metylpentylovú skupinu, 1,3-dimetylbutylovú skupinu, 1,1,3,3-tetrametylbutylovú skupinu, 1 -metylhexylovú skupinu, izoheptylovú skupinu, 1-metylheptylovú skupinu, 1,1,3-trimetylhexylovú skupinu alebo 1-metylundecylovú skupinu.
R1 a R2 môžu vo význame cykloalkylovú skupina obsahujúca 5 až 12 atómov uhlíka byť napríklad cyklopentylová skupina, cyklohexylová skupina, cykloheptylová skupina, cyklooktylová skupina alebo cyklododecylová skupina. Výhodná je cyklopentylová skupina a cyklohexylová skupina, hlavne cyklohexylová skupina.
Pokiaľ R1 a R2 znamenajú cykloalkylmetylovú skupinu obsahujúcu 5 až 6 atómov uhlíka, je potrebné pod týmto výrazom rozumieť cyklopentylmetylovú skupinu a predovšetkým cyklohexylmetylovú skupinu.
Vo význame bicykloalkylmetylová skupina obsahujúca 9 až 10 atómov uhlíka znamenajú R1 a R2 napríklad dekalinylmetylovú skupinu. Ako tricykloalkylmetylovú skupina obsahujúca 9 až 10 atómov uhlíka znamenajú R1 a R2 výhodne skupinu vzorca
v ktorom
Ako príklady pre alkylfenylovú skupinu je možné uviesť metylfenylovú skupinu, dimetylfenylovú skupinu, trimetylfenylovú skupinu, etylfenylovú skupinu, izopropylfenylovú skupinu, terc.butylfenylovú skupinu, diterc.butylfenylovú skupinu alebo 2,6-di-terc.butyl-4-metylfenylovú skupinu.
Predmetom vynálezu je tiež použitie komponentu B) ako aditíva do mazív (do priemyselných olejov alebo tukov), do hydraulických kvapalín alebo kvapalín na obrábanie kovov, výhodne do hydraulických olejov a prevodových olejov. Použitie podľa vynálezu zahŕňa ochranu kovových dielov, ktoré majú byť mazané, pred mechanickým opotrebovaním (ochrana proti vysokému tlaku a proti oteru), ako aj ochranné pôsobenie proti korózii. Predmetom vynálezu je teda tiež spôsob zlepšenia odolnosti mazív, kvapalín na obrábanie kovov a hydraulických kvapalín pri upotrebovaní, spočívajúce v tom, že sa im pridajú zlúčeniny všeobecného vzorca (I).
Uvedené mazivá alebo pohonné látky, ako napríklad priemyselné oleje a tuky, kvapaliny na obrábanie kovov a hydraulické kvapaliny komponentu A) sú založené napríklad na minerálnych alebo syntetických olejoch alebo ich zmesiach. Mazivá sú pre odborníka bežne známe a v príslušnej literatúre, ako napríklad v Dieter Klamann, „Schmierstoffe und verwandte Produkte“ (Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1982), v Schewe-Kobek, „Das schmiermitteltaschenbuch“ (Dr. Alfréd Húthig-Verlag, Heidelberg, 1974) a v „Ullmanns Enzyklopädie der technischen Chemie“ zväzok 13, strany 85 až 94 (Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1977) opísané.
Mazivá sú hlavne oleje a luky, napríklad na báze minerálneho oleja. Prednosť sa dáva olejom.
Ďalšia skupina mazív, ktoré sa môžu použiť, sú rastlinné alebo zvieracie oleje, tuky, loje a vosky alebo ich vzájomné zmesi alebo zmesi s uvedenými minerálnymi alebo syntetickými olejmi. Rastlinné a zvieracie oleje, tuky, loje a vosky sú napríklad olivový olej a jeho zmesi, rybacie oleje, loje jatočných zvierat ako hovädzí loj, paznechtový tuk a kostný olej, ako aj ich modifikované, epoxidované a sulfoxidované formy, napríklad cpoxidovaný sójový olej. Minerálne oleje sú založené hlavne na uhľovodíkových zlúčeninách.
Príklady syntetických mazív zahŕňajú mazivá na báze alifatických alebo aromatických esterov karboxylových kyselín, polymémych esterov, polyalkylénoxidov, esterov kyseliny fosforečnej, poly-a-olefínov alebo silikónov, diesterov dvojmocnej kyseliny s jednomocným alkoholom, ako napríklad dioktylsebacátu alebo dinonyladipátu, triesteru trimetylolpropánu s jednomocnou kyselinou alebo zo zmesou týchto kyselín, ako napríklad trimetylolpropántripelargonátu, trimetylolpropántrikaprylátu alebo ich zmesi, tetraesteru pentaerytritolu a jednomocnou kyselinou alebo zo zmesí týchto kyselín, ako napríklad pentaerytritoltetrakaprylátu, alebo komplexného esteru jednomocných a dvojmocných kyselín s viacmocnými alkoholmi, napríklad komplexného esteru trimetylolpropánu s kaprylovou kyselinou a sebakovou kyselinou alebo s ich zmesou. Vhodné vedľa minerálnych olejov sú napríklad poly-a-olefíny, mazivá na báze esterov, fosfáty, glykoly, polyglykoly a polyalkylénglykoly, ako aj ich zmesi s vodou.
Priemyselné oleje, tuky, kvapaliny na obrábanie kovov a hydraulické kvapaliny sa môžu vyrobiť na báze rovnakých látok, ako bolo opísané pre mazivá. Často pritom ide tiež o emulzie týchto látok vo vode alebo v iných kvapalinách.
Zmesi mazív podľa vynálezu sa môžu použiť napríklad v spaľovacích motoroch v automobiloch vybavených napríklad benzínovým motorom, dieselovým motorom, dvojtaktným motorom, rotačným motorom typu Wankel alebo motorom orbitálneho typu.
Komponent B) sa hodí tiež ako aditivum do pohonných hmôt do automobilov, ktoré sú vybavené motormi uvedeného typu.
Zlúčeniny všeobecného vzorca (I) sú dobre rozpustné v mazivách, pohonných látkach, kvapalinách na obrábanie kovov a v hydraulických kvapalinách, a preto sa zvlášť dobre hodia ako prísady do mazív, kvapalín na obrábanie kovov a hydraulických kvapalín.
Zmesi obsahujú výhodne 0,005 až 1,0 % hmotnostného, výhodne 0,005 až 0,1 % hmotnostného, hlavne 0,005 až 0,05 % hmotnostného zlúčeniny všeobecného vzorca (I).
Zlúčeniny všeobecného vzorca (I) sa môžu primiešať k mazivám alebo k pohonným látkam osebe známym spôsobom. Tieto zlúčeniny sú dobre rozpustné napríklad v olejoch. Je možné pripraviť predzmes, ktorá sa môže zriediť podľa miery spotreby na príslušné koncentrácie zodpovedajúcim mazivom. V takýchto prípadoch sú možné aj koncentrácie nad 1 % hmotnostné.
Mazivá alebo pohonné látky, kvapaliny na obrábanie kovov a hydraulické kvapaliny, stabilizované podľa vynálezu, môžu obsahovať dodatočne iné aditíva, ktoré sa pridajú, aby sa ich základné vlastnosti ešte ďalej zlepšili. K nim patria: antioxidanty, prostriedky na pasiváciu kovov, ďalšie inhibítory korózie, prostriedky zlepšujúce viskózny index, depresanty, tuhé mazivá, dispergátory, detergenty, odpeňovacie prostriedky, ďalšie prísady na vysoké tlaky, aditíva proti opotrebovaniu a prostriedky znižujúce koeficient trenia. Tieto aditíva sa pridávajú v príslušných množstvách v rozmedzí približne 0,01 až 10,0 % hmotnostných.
Fenolické antioxidanty:
1.1. Alkylované monofenoly, napríklad 2,6-diterc.butyl-4-metylfenol, 2-butyl-4,6-dimetylfenol, 2,6-diterc.butyl-4-etylfenol, 2,6-diterc.butyl-4-n-butylfenol, 2,6-diterc.butyl-4-izobutylfenol, 2,6-dicyklopentyl-4-metylfenol, 2-(a-metylcyklohexyl)-4,6-dimetylfenol, 2,6-dioktadecyl-4-metylfenol, 2,4,6-tricyklohexylfcnol, 2,6-diterc.butyl-4-metoxymetylfenol, nonylfenoly, ktoré sú v postranných reťazcoch lineárne alebo rozvetvené, napríklad 2,6-dinonyl-4-metylfenol, 2,4-dimetyl-6-(ľ-metylundec-ľ-yl)fenol, 2,4-dimetyl-6-( 1 '-metylheptadec-1 ’-yl)fenol, 2,4-dimetyl-6-(ľ-metyltridec-ľ-yl)fenol a ich zmesi.
1.2. Alkyltiometylfenoly, napríklad 2,4-dioktyltiometyl-6-terc.butylfenol, 2,4-dioktyltiometyl-6-metylfenol, 2,4-di-oktyltiometyl-6-metylfenol, 2,4-dioktyltiometyl-6-etylfenol, 2,6-didodecyltiometyl-4-nonylfenol.
1.3. Hydrochinóny a alkylované hydrochinóny, napríklad 2,6-diterc.butyl-4-metoxyfenol, 2,5-diterc.butylhydrochinón, 2,5-diterc.amylhydrochinón, 2,6-difcnyl-4-oktadecyloxyfenol, 2,6-diterc.butylhydrochinón, 2,5-diterc.butyl-4-hydroxyanizol, 3,5-diterc.butyl-4-hydroxyanizol, 3,5-diterc.butyl-4-hydroxy-fenyl-stearát, bis(3,5-diterc.butyl-4-hydroxyfenyl)-adipát.
1.4. Tokoferoly, napríklad α-tokoferol, B-tokoferol, gamatokoferol, δ-tokoferol a ich zmesi (vitamín E).
1.5. Hydroxylované tiodifenylétery, napríklad 2,2'-tiobis(6-terc.butyl-4-metylfenol), 2,2'-tiobis(4-oktylfenol, 4,4'-tiobis(6-terc.butyl-3-metylfenol), 4,4'-tiobis(6-terc.butyl-2-metylfenol), 4,4'-tiobis(3,6-disek.amylfenol), 4,4'-bis(2,6-dimetyl-4-hydroxyfenyl)disulfid.
1.6. Alkylidénbisfenoly, napríklad 2,2'-metylénbis(6-terc.butyl-4-metylfenol), 2,2'-metylénbis(6-terc.butyl-4-etylfenol), 2,2'-metylénbis[4-metyl-6-(a-metylcyklohexyl)fenol], 2,2'-metylénbis(4-metyl-6-cyklohexylfenol), 2,2'-metylénbis(6-nonyl-4-metylfenol), 2,2'-metylénbis(4,6-di
-terc.butyífenol), 2,2'-etylidénbis(4,6-diterc.butylfenol), 2,2-etylidénbis(6-terc.butyl-4-izobutylfenol), 2,2'-metylén-bis[6-(a-metylbenzyl)-4-nonylfenol], 2,2'-metylénbis[6-(a,a-dimetylbenzyl)-4-nonylfenol], 4,4'-metylénbis(2,6-diterc.butylfenol), 4,4'-metylénbis(6-terc.butyl-2-metylfenol), 1,1-bis(5-terc.butyl4-hydroxy-2-metylfenyl)bután, 2,6-bis(terc.butyl-5-metyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)-4-metylfenol, l,l,3-tris(5-terc.butyl-4-hydroxy-2-mctylfenyl)bután, 1,1 -bis-(5-terc.butyl-4-hydroxy-2-metylfenyl)-3-n-dodecylmerkaptobután, etylénglykol-bis[3,3-bis(3'-terc.butyl-4'-hydroxyfenyl)butyrát], bis(3-terc.butyl-4-hydroxy-5-metylfenyl)dicyklopentadién, bis-(2-(3'-terc.butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-metylbenzyl)-6-terc.butyl-4-metylfenyl)tereftalát, l,l-bis(3,5-dimetyl-2-hydroxyfenyl)bután, 2,2-bis(3,5-diterc.butyl-4-hydroxyfenyl)-propán, 2,2-bis(5-terc.butyl-4-hydroxy-2-metylfenyl)-4-n-dodecylmerkaptobután, 1,1,5,5-tetra-(5-terc.butyl-4-hydroxy-2-metylfenyl)pentán.
1.7. 0-, N- a S-benzylové zlúčeniny, napríklad 3,5,3'5'-tetraterc. butyl-4,4’-dihydroxydibenzyléter, oktadecyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimetylbenzylmerkaptoacetát, tridecyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-diterc.butylbenzylmerkaptoacetát, tris(3,5-diterc.butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)amín, bis(4-terc.butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimetylbenzyljditiotereftalát, bis(3,5-diterc.butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)sulfid, izooktyl-3,5-diterc.butyl-4-hydroxybenzylmerkaptoacetát.
1.8. Hydroxybenzylované malonáty, napríklad dioktadecyl-2,2-bis(3,5-diterc.butyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)malonát, dioktadecyl-2-(3-terc.butyl-4-hydroxy-5-metylbenzyl)malonát, didodecylmerkaptoetyl-2,2-bis(3,5-diterc.butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)malonát, di-[4-(l,l,3,3-tetrametylbutyl)fenyl]-2,2-bis(3,5-diterc.butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)malonát.
1.9. Hydroxybenzyl-aromáty, napríklad l,3,5-tris(3,5-diterc.butyl-4-hydroxybcnzyl)-2,4,6-trimetylbenzol, 1,4-bis(3,5-diterc.butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,3,5,6-tetrametylbenzol, 2,4,6-tris(3,5-diterc.butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)fenol.
1.10. Triazínové zlúčeniny, napríklad 2,4-bisoktylmerkapto-6-(3,5-diterc.butyl-4-hydroxyanilino)-l,3,5-triazín, 2-oktylmerkapto-4,6-bis(3,5-diterc.butyl-4-hydroxyanilino)-1,3,5-triazin, 2-oktylmerkapto-4,6-bis(3,5-diterc.butyl-4-hydroxyfenoxy)-l,3,5-triazín, 2,4,6-tris(3,5-diterc.butyl-4-hydroxyfenoxy)-l,2,3-triazín, l,3,5-tris(3,5-diterc.butyl-4-hydroxybenzyljizokyanurát, l,3,5-tris(4-terc.butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimetylbenzyl)izokyanurát, 2,4,6-tris(3,5-diterc.butyl-4-hydroxyfenyletyl)-l,3,5-triazin, l,3,5-tris(3,5-diterc.butyl-4-hydroxyfenylpropionyl)hexahydro-l,3,5-triazín, 1,3,5-tris-(3,5-dicyklohcxyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)izokyanurát.
1.11. Benzylfosfonáty, napríklad dimetyl-2,5-diterc.butyl-4-hydroxybenzylfosfonát, dietyl-3,5-diterc.butyl-4-hydroxybenzylfosfonát, dioktadecyl-3,5-diterc.butyl-4-hydroxybenzylfosfonát, dioktadecyl-5-terc.butyl-4-hydroxy-3-metylbenzylfosfonát, vápenatá soľ monoetylesteru 3,5-di-terc.butyl-4-hydroxybenzylfosfónovej kyseliny.
1.12. Acylaminofenoly, napríklad 4-hydroxylauranilid, 4-hydroxystearanilid, oktylester N-(3,5-diterc.butyl-4-hydroxyfenyl)karbamovej kyseliny.
1.13. Estery p-(3,5-di-terc.butyl-4-hydroxyfenyl)propiónovej kyseliny, estery p-(5-terc.butyl-4-hydroxy-3-metylfenyl)propiónovej kyseliny, estery p-(3,5-dicyklohexyl-4-hydroxyfenyl)propiónovej kyseliny alebo estery p-(5-terc.butyl-4-hydroxyfenyl)-3-tiamaslovej kyseliny s jed nomocnými alebo viacmocnými alkoholmi, napríklad s metanolom, etanolom, n-oktanolom, izooktanolom, oktadekanolom, 1,6-hexándiolom, 1,9-nonandiolom, etylénglykolom, 1,2-propándiolom, neopentylglykolom, tiodietylénglykolom, dietylénglykolom, trietylénglykolom, pentaerytritolom, tris(hydroxyetyl)izokyanurátom, diamidom N,N'-bis-(hydroxyetyl)šťavelovej kyseliny, 3-tiaundekanolom,
3- tiapentadekanolom, trimetylhexándiolom, trimetylolpropánom, 4-hydroxymetyl-l-fosfa-2,6,7-trioxabicyklo[2,2,2]oktánom, glycerolom a produkty reesterifikácie na báze prírodných triglyceridov napríklad z kokosového tuku, repkového oleja alebo slnečnicového oleja.
1.14. Amidy P-(3,5-diterc.butyl-4-hydroxyfenyl)propiónovej kyseliny, napríklad N,N'-bis(3,5-diterc.butyl-4-hydroxyfenylpropionyljhexametyléndiamín, N,N'-bis(3,5-diterc.butyl-4-hydroxyfenylpropionyl)trimetyléndiamín, N,N'-bis(3,5-diterc.butyl-4-hydroxyfenylpropionyl)hydrazín.
1.15. Kyselina askorbová (vitamín C).
1.16. Antioxidanty na báze amínov, ako napríklad N,N'-diizopropyl-p-fenyléndiamín, N,N'-disek.butyl-p-fenyléndiamín, N,N'-bis(l,4-dimetylpentyl)-p-fenyléndiamín, N,N'-bis(l-etyl-3-metylpentyl)-p-fenyléndiamín N,N'-bis(l-metylheptyl)-p-fenyléndiamín, N,N'-dicyklohexyl-p-fenyléndiamín, N,N'-difenyl-p-fenyléndiamín, N,N'-di(2-naftyl)-p-fenyléndiamín, N-izopropyl-N'-fenyl-p-fenyléndiamín, N-(l,3-dimetylbutyl)-N'-ľenyl-p-ľenyléndiamín, N-(l-metylheptyl)-N'-fenyl-p-fenyléndiamín, N-cyklohexyl-N'-fenyl-p-fenyléndiamin, 4-(p-toluénsulfamoyl)difenylamín, N,N'-dimetyl-N,N'-disek.butyl-p-fenyléndia- mín, difenylamín, N-alyldifenylamín, 4-izopropoxydifenylamín, N-fenyl-1-naftylamín, N-(4-terc.oktylľenyl)-l-naftylamin, N-fenyl-2-naftylamín, oktylovaný difenylamín, napríklad p,p'-diterc.oktyldifenylamín, 4-n-butylaminofenol, 4-butyrylaminofenol, 4-nonanoylaminofenol, 4-dodekanoylaminofenol,
4- oktadekanoylaminofenol, di(4-metoxyfenyl)amín, 2,6-diterc. butyl-4-dimetylaminometylfenol, 2,4'-diaminodifenylmetán, 4,4'-diaminodifenylmetán, Ν,Ν,Ν',Ν'-tetrametyl-4,4'-diamino- difenylmetán, l,2-di[(2-metylfenyl)amino]etán, 1,2-di(fenylamino)propán, (o-tolyl)biguanid, di[4-ľ3’-dimetylbutyljftnyljamín, terc.oktylovaný N-fenyl-l-naftylamín, zmes mono- a dialkylovaných terc.butyl/terc.oktyldifenylamínov, zmes mono- a dialkylovaných nonyldifenylamínov, zmes mono- a dialkylova- ných dodecyldifenylamínov, zmes mono- a dialkylovaných izopropyl/izohexyldifenylamínov, zmes mono- a dialkylovaných terc, butyldifenylaminov, 2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimetyl-4H-l,4-benzotiazin, fenotiazín, zmes mono- a dialkylovaných terc.butyl/terc. oktylftnotiazínov, zmes mono- a dialkylovaných terc.oktylfenotiazínov, N-alylfenotiazín, Ν,Ν,Ν',Ν'-tetrafenyl-1,4-diaminobut-2-én, N,N-bis(2,2,6,6-tetrametylpiperidín-4-yl)hexametyléndiamín, bis(2,2,6,6,-tetrametylpiperidín-4-yl)sebakát, 2,2,6,6-tetrametylpiperidín-4-ón, 2,2,6,6-tetrametylpiperidín-4-ol.
Príklady ďalších antioxidantov:
Alifatické alebo aromatické fosfity, estery tiodipropiónovej kyseliny alebo tiodioctovej kyseliny alebo soli kyseliny ditiokarbamidovej alebo ditiofosforečnej, 2,2,12,12-tetrametyl-5,9-dihydroxy-3,7,l 1-tritiatridekan a 2,2,15,15-tetrametyl-5,12-dihydroxy-3,7,10,14-tetratiahexadekan.
Príklady deaktivátorov kovov, napríklad medi:
a) Benztriazoly a ich deriváty, napríklad 4- alebo 5-alkylbenztriazoly (napríklad tolutriazol) a ich deriváty, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenztriazol, 5,5'-metylénbisbenztriazol, Manichove zásady benzotriazolu alebo tolutriazolu, ako 1 -(di(2-etylhexyl)aminometyl)tolutriazol a l-(di(2-etylhexyl)aminometyl))benztriazol, alkoxyalkylbenztriazoly, ako 1-(nonyloxymetyl)benztriazol, l-(l-butoxyetyl)benztriazol a 1 -(1 -(1 -cyklohexyloxybutyl)tolutriazol.
b) 1,2,4-Triazoly a ich deriváty, napríklad 3-alkyl (alebo aryl)-l,2,4-triazoly, Manichove zásady 1,2,4-triazolov, ako l-(di(2-etylhexyl)aminometyl)-l,2,4-triazol, alkoxyalkyl1,2,4-
-triazoly, ako l-(l-butoxyetyl)-l,2,4-triazol, acylované 3-amino-1,2,4-triazol y.
c) Imidazolové deriváty, napríklad 4,4'-metylénbis(2-undecyl-5-metylimidazol), bis(N-metyl)imidazol-2-yl)karbinoloktyléter.
d) Heterocyklické zlúčeniny obsahujúce dusík, napríklad 2-merkaptobenztiazol, 2,5-dimerkapto-l,3,4-tiazol, 2,5-dimerkaptobenztiadiazol a ich deriváty, 3,5-bis(di(2-etylhexyl)aminometyl)-l,3,4-tiadiazolin-2-ón.
e) Aminozlúčeniny, napríklad salicylidénpropyléndiamín, salicylaminoguanidín a ich soli.
Príklady inhibítorov hrdzavenia:
a) Organické kyseliny, ich estery, soli kovov, soli amínov a anhydridy, napríklad alkyljantárové kyseliny a alkenyljantárové kyseliny a ich parciálne estery s alkoholmi, diolén alebo hydroxykarboxylové kyseliny, parciálne amidy alkyljantárových kyselín a alkylénjantárových kyselín, 4-nonyIfenoxyoctová kyselina, alkoxykarboxylové kyseliny a alkoxyetoxykarboxylové kyseliny, ako dodecyloxyoctová kyselina, dodecyloxy(etoxy)octová kyselina a ich soli s amínmi, ďalej N-oleoylsarkozín, sorbitanmonooleát, naftenát olovnatý, anhydridy jantárovej kyseliny, napríklad anhydrid kyseliny dodecenyljantárovej, 2-karboxyetyl-l-dodecyl-3-metylglycerol a jeho soli, hlavne sodná soľ a trietanolamínová soľ.
b) Zlúčeniny obsahujúce dusík, napríklad:
i. Primáme, sekundárne alebo terciáme alifatické alebo cykloalifatické amíny a soli amínov organických a anorganic- kých kyselín, napríklad alkylamóniumkarboxyláty rozpustné v oleji, ďalej l-(N,N-bis-(2-hydroxyetyl)amino)-3-(4-nonylfenoxy)propán-2-ol.
ii. Heterocyklické zlúčeniny, napríklad substituované imidazoly a oxazolíny, 2-heptadecenyl-l-(2-hydroxyetyl)imidazolín.
c) Zlúčeniny obsahujúce fosfor, napríklad:
Soli amínov parciálnych esterov kyseliny fosforečnej alebo parciálnych esterov kyseliny fosfónovej, dialkylditiofosfáty zinočnaté.
d) Zlúčeniny obsahujúce síru, napríklad: Dinonylnaftalénsulfonáty bamaté, petroleumsulfonáty vápenaté, alkyltiosubstituované alifatické karboxylové kyseliny, estery alifatických 2-sulfokarboxylových kyselín a ich soli.
e) Deriváty glycerolu, napríklad:
Glycerolmonooleát, l-(alkylfenoxy)-3-(2-hydroxyetyl)glycerol, l-(alkylfenoxy)-3-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)glycerol, 2-karboxyalkyl-1,3 -dialkylglycerol.
Príklady prostriedkov zlepšujúcich viskózny index:
Polyakryláty, polymetakryláty, kopolyméry vinylpyrolidónu a metakrylátu, polyvinylpyrolidón, polybutén, kopolyméry olefmu, kopolyméry styrolu s akrylátom, polyétery·
Príklady prostriedkov znižujúcich bod tuhnutia:
Polymetakrylát, alkylované deriváty naftalénu.
Príklady dispergačných prostriedkov/tenzidov:
Amidy alebo imidy polybutenyljantárovej kyseliny, deriváty polybutenylfosfónovej kyseliny, zásadité sulfonáty a fenoláty horečnaté, vápenaté a bámaté.
Príklady odpeňovacích prostriedkov:
Silikónové oleje a polymetakrylén.
Príklady tuhých mazív:
Teflon™ alebo sírnik molybdénu.
Príklady aditív chrániacich proti opotrebovaniu:
Zlúčeniny obsahujúce síru a/alebo fosfor a/alebo halogén, ako napríklad olefiny a rastlinné oleje s obsahom síry, dialkylfosfáty zinočnaté, tritolylfosfát, trikrezylfosfát, chlórované parafíny, alkyldisulfidy, aryldisulfidy, alkyltrisulfidy a aryltrisulfidy, soli amínov monoalkylfosfátov a dialkylfosfátov, soli amínov metylfosfónovcj kyseliny, diéta- nolaminometyltolyltriazol, di(2-etylhexyl)aminometyltolyl-triazol, deriváty 2,5-dimerkapto-l,3,4-tiadiazolu, etylester 3-((bisizopropyloxyfosfinotioyl)tio)propiónovej kyseliny, trifenyltiofosfát (trifenylfosforotioát), tris(alkylfenyljfosforotioát a ich zmesi, (napríklad tris(izononylfenyljfosforotioát), difenylmononylfenylfosforotioát, izobutylfenyldifenyl-fosforotioát, dodecylaminová soľ 3-hydroxy-1,3-tiafosfetan-3-oxidu, 5,5,5-tris(2-izooktylacetátu) tritiofosforečnej kyseliny, deriváty 2-mcrkaptobenztiazolu, ako napríklad l-(N,N-(bis(2-etylhexyl)aminometyl)-2-merkapto-lH-l,3-benztiazol, etoxykarbonyl-5-oktylditiokarbamát.
Zlúčeniny všeobecného vzorca (I) a ich výroba sú známe. Slúžia v prvom rade ako medziprodukty na rôzne produkty a použitie, napríklad, ako je opísané vo V. V. Ovchinnikov a spol., Org. React (Tartu) 15(2) (1978), 194 až 203 (angl.) (CA 90: 120801 s) ako aj v L. A. Belova a spol. Zh. Obshch. Khim 51 (9) (1981) 1982 až 88 (rus.) (CA 96: 103597 m).
Výroba zlúčenín podľa vynálezu sa uskutočňuje napríklad podľa nasledujúcej schémy:
P—
S
SH
Táto syntéza β-ditiofosforylovanej kyseliny propiónovej adíciou ditiofosforečnej kyseliny na akrylovú kyselinu alebo metakrylovú kyselinu je známa a opísaná napríklad v US patente 5,362,419 (príklady 1 až 11). Nasledujúce príklady 1 až 3 dokumentujú syntézu niektorých, v zmesiach podľa vynálezu použitých B-ditiofosforylovaných propiónových kyselín. Údaje o dieloch a percentách sa vzťahujú, pokiaľ nie je uvedené inak, na hmotnosť.
Príklady uskutočnenia vynálezu
Príklad 1
[MG 286.34]
K 21,4 g (0,1 mol) 0,0-diizopropylditiofosforečnej kyseliny v 50 ml toluénu sa počas 20 minút pri 80 “C pridá po kvapkách 7,2 g (0,1 mol) kyseliny akrylovej. Mieša sa ďalej 5 hodín pri 80 °C. Po odtiahnutí rozpúšťadla na rotačnej odparke sa zvyšok frakcionuje v chromatografickej kolóne na silikagéli. Získa sa 11,8 g žltého, kvapalného hlavného produktu (41 % teórie).
Analýza: Vypočítané: 37,75 % C, 6,69 % H, 22,39 % S, 10,82 % P Nájdené : 37,99 % C, 6,76 % H, 22,17 % S, 10,80 % P 31P-NMR (vzhľadom k H3PO4): 91,84 ppm
[MG 314.4]
K 252,4 g (0,1 mol) 0,0-diizobutylditiofosforečnej kyseliny sa pri 70 °C počas 1 hodiny pridá po kvapkách 81,4 g (1,1 mol) akrylovej kyseliny a mieša sa ďalej 4 hodiny pri 70 °C. Surový produkt sa rozpustí v 500 ml 2N hydroxidu sodného a premyje sa dvakrát 300 ml technického benzínu s teplotou varu 80 až 110 °C. Potom sa okyslí koncentrovanou kyselinou soľnou na pH 1 a extrahuje sa asi so 150 ml technického benzínu. Organická fáza sa premyje vodou a zahustí sa na rotačnej odparke. Získa sa 287,6 g číreho, stredne viskózneho, svetložltého oleja (91 % teórie). Analýza:
Vypočítané: 42,62 % C, 7,37 % H, 20,40 % S, 9,85 % P Nájdené : 42,02 % C, 7,29 % H, 20,29 % S, 10,2 % P n20 D: 1,5006 *H-NMR (v roztoku CDCL3, vzhľadom k tetrametylsilanu): 1,02 ppm (d, 12H), 2,05 ppm (hept, 2H), 2,86 ppm (t, 2H), 3,17 ppm (d x t, 2H), 3,89 ppm (d x hept, 4H)
Príklad 3
[MG 426.6]
K 35,5 g (0,1 mol) O,O-di(2-etylhexyl)ditiofosforeČnej kyseliny v 50 ml toluénu sa pri 75 °C počas 15 minút pridá po kvapkách 7,21 g (1,1 mol) kyseliny akrylovej. Mieša sa ďalej 5 hodín pri 75 °C. Konečné spracovanie sa uskutoční ako v príklade 1 a získa sa 21,8 g nažltlého oleja (51 % teórie).
Analýza:
Vypočítané: 53,62 % C, 9,0 % H, 15,07 % S, 7,26 % P Nájdené : 53,86 % C, 9,23 % H, 15,77 % S, 7,3 % P
Výhody zmesí spočívajú v dobrej ochrane proti opotrebovaniu a hlavne vo veľmi dobrých vlastnostiach pri záťaži - špeciálne pre hydraulické a prevodové oleje, pričom postačí prekvapujúco relatívne malé množstvo β-ditiofosforylovaných propiónových kyselín. To umožňuje minimalizovať eventuálne negatívne sprievodné účinky ako korozivitu proti medi a neznášanlivosť prípadne prítomných zlúčenín vápnika (zrážacie reakcie). Ďalej je prítomný dodatočný ochranný potenciál proti korózii.
Pre hydraulické, ako aj prevodové oleje je požadovaná tak veľmi dobrá ochrana proti opotrebovaniu, ako aj veľmi dobrá odolnosť pri záťaži (extrémny tlak).
Vynikajúce hodnoty v teste FZG (stupeň zaťaženia chybami >12) sa len ťažko dosiahnu obvyklými aditívami na ochranu proti opotrebovaniu. Prekvapujúco sa však dosiahne s pomerne malými koncentráciami zlúčenín všeobecného vzorca (I) (už 0,005 až 0,05 %) veľmi dobrých až vynikajúcich hodnôt FZG (pozri tabuľka, ôsmy a desiaty stĺpec).
Príklad 4
Uvedené zmesi boli testované v prevodovom teste FZG (opis je v DIN 51.354, A/8.3/90) (tabuľka 1). V tomto teste sa hodnotí odolnosť mazív v záťaži na použitie ako prevodových olejov. Pri spôsobe mazania brodením bežia definované ozubené kolesá pri konštantnom počte otáčok a stanovenej počiatočnej teplote oleja v mazacom oleji, ktorý' má byť testovaný. Zaťaženie ozubených kolies sa stupňovito zvyšuje. Počínajúc stupňom sily 4 sa po každom stupni sily zachytí zmena bokov zubov opisom a prípadne fotografiou meraním drsnosti alebo odtlačkom kontrastu. Hraničný stupeň zaťaženia leží jeden stupeň pod tzv. stupňom chybného zaťaženia, pri ktorom boky najmenej dvoch ozubených kolies majú jednoznačné poškodenie (trhliny alebo podobne).
Ozubené kolesá typu A, 8,3 m/sek.,90 'C | ||||||||||
Prísady (diely) | ||||||||||
Základný olej1 | 100 | ad 100 | ad 100 | ad 100 | ad 100 | ad 100 | ad 100 | ad 100 | ad 100 | ad 100 |
Základná zmes | 0,51 | 0,51 | 0,51 | 0,51 | 0,51 | 0,51 | 0,51 | 0,51 | 0,51 | |
AW la | 0,5 | |||||||||
AW 2a | 0,5 | |||||||||
AW 3“ | 0,56 | 0,56 | ||||||||
AW 4B | 0,4 | 0,4 | ||||||||
Príklad 2 | 0,005 | 0,05 | 0,02 | 0,02 | ||||||
FZG-hraničný stupeň zaťaženia | 7 | 7 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 11 | 8 | >12 | 8 | 12 |
Základná zmes: IrganoxwL135e:0,3t;IrganoxwL577;o,ll; Hitecw536*:O,O7V
Irgamet™39*:0,04%.
1Základný olej: ISO VG 46 ex Texaco aAW lt Irqalube™TPPT (trifenyltionofosfát) 3AW 2: Irgalube”*63 (etylester[3-(bisizopropyloxyfosfinotioyl)tio]propifinovej kyseliny) *AW 3: kvapalná znes trí((alk)aryljtíonofosfátov,pozostávajúca v podstate z tri(nonylfenyl)tionofosfátu (ako je opísané V EP368803) ’AW 4: bis(0,0-dialkylditiofosfát)
’Zmes difénylamínových zlúčenín, komerčne dostupných ako lrganox^L-57, vif US patent 5,073.278, stl.2, r.50 •HÍtac™536,Ha3Cxii-CH(COOH)-CHa-CO-NH-CHa-CHa-
*l-{bis(2-etylhexyl)aminoBetyl]-4-Betylbenzotriazol
Claims (13)
- PATENTOVÉ NÁROKY1. Zmes, vyznačujúca sa tým, že obsahujeA) mazivo alebo pohonnú látku, kvapalinu na obrábanie kovov alebo hydraulickú kvapalinu, aB) najmenej jednu zlúčeninu všeobecného vzorca (I)OH v ktoromR1 a R2 znamenajú nezávisle od seba alkylovú skupinu obsahujúcu 3 až 18 atómov uhlíka, cykloalkylovú skupinu obsahujúcu 5 až 12 atómov uhlíka, cykloalkylmetylovú skupinu obsahujúcu 5 až 6 atómov uhlíka, bicykloalkylmetylovú skupinu obsahujúcu 9 až 10 atómov uhlíka, tricykioalkylmetylovú skupinu obsahujúcu 9 až 10 atómov uhlíka, fenylovú skupinu, alkylfenylovú skupinu obsahujúcu 7 až 24 atómov uhlíka alebo spolu (CH3)2C(CH2)2 a R3 je atóm vodíka alebo metylová skupina.
- 2. Zmes podľa nároku 1, vyznačujúca sa tým, že ďalej obsahuje ako komponent C) ďalšie obvyklé aditiva do olejov.
- 3. Zmes podľa nároku 1, vyznačujúca sa tým, že obsahuje 0,005 až 0,01 % hmotnostných zlúčeniny všeobecného vzorca (I).
- 4. Zmes podľa nároku 1, vyznačujúca sa tým, že obsahuje 0,005 až 0,05 % hmotnostných zlúčeniny všeobecného vzorca (I).
- 5. Zmes podľa nároku 1, vyznačujúca sa tým, že komponent A je priemyselný olej alebo tuk.
- 6. Zmes podľa nároku 1, vyznačujúca sa tým, že komponent A je základný olej zo skupiny minerálnych, rastlinných alebo syntetických olejov.
- 7. Zmes podľa nároku 1, vyznačujúca sa tým, že R1 a R2 znamenajú nezávisle od seba alkylovú skupinu obsahujúcu 3 až 18 atómov uhlíka, cykloalkylovú skupinu obsahujúcu 5 až 6 atómov uhlíka alebo alkylfenylovú skupinu obsahujúcu 7 až 18 atómov uhlíka.
- 8. Zmes podľa nároku 1, vyznačujúca sa tým, že R1 a R2 znamenajú izopropylovú skupinu, izobutylovú skupinu alebo 2-etylhexylovú skupinu a R3 znamená atóm vodíka.
- 9. Zmes podľa nároku 2, vyznačujúca sa tým, že dodatočný komponent C) sú ďalšie aditiva do olejov zo skupiny antioxidantov, deaktivátorov kovov, inhibítorov hrdzavenia, dispergátorov, detergentov, prostriedkov zlepšujúcich index viskozity, prostriedkov znižujúcich bod tuhnutia a ďalších aditív na ochranu proti opotrebovaniu.
- 10. Spôsob zlepšenia odolnosti mazív, hydraulických kvapalín alebo kvapalín na obrábanie kovov pri používaní, vyznačujúci sa tým, že sa k nim pridá najmenej jedna zlúčenina všeobecného vzorca (I) podľa nároku 1.
- 11. Zmes podľa nároku 1 bez zinku.
- 12. Zmes podľa nároku 1 v podstate bez popola.
- 13. Použitie komponentu B), ktorým je zlúčenina všeobecného vzorca (I) opísaná v nároku 1 ako prísady pre mazivá, hydraulické kvapaliny alebo kvapaliny na obrábanie kovov.
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CH176996 | 1996-07-15 |
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SK283148B6 true SK283148B6 (sk) | 2003-03-04 |
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US (1) | US5922657A (sk) |
EP (1) | EP0819754B1 (sk) |
JP (1) | JP3882154B2 (sk) |
KR (1) | KR100441550B1 (sk) |
BR (1) | BR9703974A (sk) |
CA (1) | CA2210216C (sk) |
DE (1) | DE59703420D1 (sk) |
ES (1) | ES2157549T3 (sk) |
SG (1) | SG84506A1 (sk) |
SK (1) | SK283148B6 (sk) |
ZA (1) | ZA976208B (sk) |
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US5922657A (en) | 1999-07-13 |
JPH1067993A (ja) | 1998-03-10 |
BR9703974A (pt) | 1998-11-17 |
ZA976208B (en) | 1998-01-15 |
JP3882154B2 (ja) | 2007-02-14 |
EP0819754B1 (de) | 2001-04-25 |
MX9705300A (es) | 1998-08-30 |
ES2157549T3 (es) | 2001-08-16 |
KR980009432A (ko) | 1998-04-30 |
EP0819754A1 (de) | 1998-01-21 |
CA2210216C (en) | 2006-01-31 |
SG84506A1 (en) | 2001-11-20 |
DE59703420D1 (de) | 2001-05-31 |
CA2210216A1 (en) | 1998-01-15 |
KR100441550B1 (ko) | 2004-11-20 |
SK94997A3 (en) | 1998-02-04 |
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