SK286144B6 - Liquid-proof floor covering and process of making the same - Google Patents

Abstract

A liquid-proof floor covering (11') on a load-bearing substrate (17), for instance a concrete slab or an asphalt surface, especially for carriageable parts of filling and dispensing plants, consists of a liquid-proof barrier layer (23) mechanically bonded to the substrate (17) and an overlying wearing layer (15') mechanically bonded to the barrier layer (23). The barrier layer (23) is a sprayed polyurea film. The wearing layer (15') has an electrically conductive course (29) from a polymeric bonding agent and a wearing course (35) from silicon carbide. Between the barrier layer (23) and the substrate (17) is applied an adhesion layer composed a primer (19) and silica sand (21) or an adhesion layer (25) and silica sand (21').

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to a liquid-tight floor covering on a support substrate, for example on a concrete slab or on an asphalt covering, in particular for entrance areas in filling and refilling stations, as well as a method for its construction.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

There are more and more regulations issued for the protection of the environment and especially groundwater in areas where environmentally hazardous liquids are pumped. At the same time, it is required that these liquids cannot enter soil and groundwater if spilled. To achieve this, a liquid-tight floor covering must be provided. However, materials that meet the tightness requirement often do not meet other requirements, such as high load-bearing capacity, abrasion resistance or electrical conductivity, or resistance to aggressive substances.

Especially in the construction of pumping equipment, the requirements for roadway coverings, which are tight on the one hand, are increasing so that no liquid can enter the soil as well as the groundwater. On the other hand, these coverings must be antistatic, which means electrically conductive and grounded. The known cast asphalt coverings meet the tightness requirement but are electrically insulating. In addition, they can only be cast in a layer of a few centimeters.

A common solution in which both requirements are met is a cement coating with a cement content of at least 450 kg per tonne. Such cementitious coatings may not be applied in thinner layers than at least 2 to 3 cm. Therefore, when the existing pumping equipment is rehabilitated, these islands must also be raised by cap posts or the base must be removed by this layer thickness in order to achieve the prescribed island curb height. In addition, these treatments are only suitable when the substrate has no working slits over which the coating may have broken and thus becomes leaky. Such slits between the parts that are not rigidly connected must otherwise be resolved with the covering and sealed with silicone or cast asphalt. Silicone and cast asphalt, on the other hand, insulate the cladding areas from each other, so that the electrical conductivity of all areas must be taken into account. Often the adhesion of these materials to the edges of the slits is insufficient so that loosening and leakage can occur. Therefore, the gasket must be renewed more frequently.

In addition, cement deposits with a very high proportion of cement are susceptible to cracks due to shrinkage. Therefore, make sure that the coating is protected from direct sunlight and rapid cutting. Due to shrinkage and differences in thermal expansion, cementitious coatings can be produced without slits only to a limited extent. Furthermore, the production of cement floors is expensive and the quality is not always at the required high level.

In EP-A-0 889 170 it is proposed for a conveyor having a plurality of adjacent metal plates, an arrangement of U-shaped components below the contact slots of the metal plates, which are to function as a drainage trough. The U-shaped components run longitudinally with the contact slots and are oriented upwards towards the road surface with their open cross-section. The metal tracks of the track have downwardly directed projections at their edges, which fit into the U-shaped components. The fastening of the traction plates is carried out by means of fasteners in U-shaped components. In one variation of the construction track, plastic foils are deposited below the tracks of the track, which are laid loosely on the substrate with a layer of rubber granulate. The edges of the plastic film protrude into the U-shaped components. The rubber granulate layer has a layer of 2-3 mm that decreases from the central area towards the U-shaped components to zero. The rubber granulate layer serves to dampen noise and to capture the movement of the track plates due to thermal expansion and ramming. The plastic layer serves as a diffusion and vapor barrier to prevent moisture from coming out of the soil, and is intended to drain the moisture to the U-shaped components when the concrete roadway is hardening.

The rubber granulate layer is loosely placed on the foundation to accommodate the movements of the travel plate. Also, the plastic film is only loosely laid on the rubber granulate layer. In this case, the relative displacements between the conveyor plates and the plastic foil as well as between the plastic foil and the rubber granulate layer can occur in the course of the movements of the conveyor plates caused by the temperature. This can cause cracks and slits through which liquid passing through the track can enter the substrate between the layers. From there, this liquid can in the worst case reach the groundwater.

DE-A-3314 505 discloses a weather-resistant, permanently flat floor for sporting or testing occasions and its production. A flat floor consists of a hydraulically or bitumen-bonded foundation and screed. The coating consists of a mixture of epoxy resin, special tar, hardener and filler, applied in two layers to the existing surface. Between these two layers there is one reinforcing layer of plastic fibers and also a spray of fine sand.

SK 286144-6

EP-A-0 693 512 discloses lightfast, solvent-free polyurethane coating compositions and their use. The composition consists essentially of a polyisocyanate component, a polyol component and also commonly used excipients and additives in this technique. Such a two-component polyurethane coating composition is suitable for coating any substrates such as concrete, metal, plastic or wood and is applied in a rough layer of about 5 mm by known methods such as spraying, rolling, squeegeing. They cure at normal room temperature without bubbles. The cured layer is characterized by high hardness and abrasion resistance, while at the same time increasing elasticity and the ability not to separate as known alitatic surface systems which crosslink with pure HDI polyisocyanates. Such compositions are therefore particularly suitable for coating mineral bases, e.g. for abrasion resistant or balcony coating floors, such as liquid plastics for roof sealing or concrete remediation, or as binding agents for decorative purposes.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the invention to provide a floor covering which overcomes the aforementioned drawbacks of the prior art. It is intended to provide, in particular, a thin layer as well as the required tightness, and suitable abrasion resistance for roads and free spaces. In its further development it should also have antistatic properties.

According to the invention, this will be achieved by a covering comprising a mechanically bonded liquid-tight insulating layer and a layer of mechanically bonded to the insulating layer attached thereto.

As the liquid-tight insulating layer, the polymer layer should be preferred to the bituminous layer. Polymers, especially polyurea materials, are extremely resistant to cracks and shear. The polymer layer can produce a very stable, force-transmitting layer.

In order to achieve the gap-free insulating layer, it is necessary to apply a liquid-tight insulating layer locally in a liquid state, namely a locally curable film. This can be applied or hand applied, or preferably applied as a spray film.

If the insulating layer consists of a two-component film, for example a polyurea, it has extensive resistance to aggressive substances. In addition, such a two-component thiolate solidifies within a few minutes so that further work can be continued without delay. Polyurea foil with a thickness of 2 to 3 mm is highly resistant to liquid cracks, resistant to pressure and elastic. Suitable plastic layers have an elongation at break of at least 150%, more preferably 200%, and particularly preferably 300 to 600%, in the tensile test. They have a tensile strength of at least 4, preferably 6 and particularly preferably 8 to 15 N / mm ² . With this layer, slits up to 3 mm can be bridged.

By means of the adhesive layer between the liquid-tight insulating layer and the substrate, for example between the liquid-tight insulating layer and the covering, the adhesion between these layers can be increased in such a way that the individual layers cannot be separated by mechanical stress alone. This is particularly important in the case of driving and high traffic areas.

By sandblasting the adhesive layer, the mechanical bonding of the adhesive layer to the adhesive base is improved. The layers cannot be separated or displaced from each other.

Suitably, the topcoat comprises a polymer layer of a binder and a binder-bonded granulate. In a preferred embodiment, the binder is formed by electrically conductive pigments and fillers that ground such a conductive layer. This prevents static charging on the electrically insulated insulating layer of the applied coating.

If the surface of the coating is sprinkled with abrasion-resistant granules, it is preferably electrically conductive. This allows the electrical voltage to be discharged through the granulate and the binder.

Preferably, the topcoat has a polymer layer sprinkled with silicon carbide. Not only because of its electrical conductivity, silicon carbide is the preferred granulated granulate, but it can also be obtained in a variety of grain sizes from the shop and is very resistant to mechanical and chemical influences.

Preferably, the binder is an epoxy resin. The epoxy resin may be mixed with electrically conductive additives. Such a layer is electrically conductive. It is sufficient for the epoxy resin layer thickness of 2 to 3 mm to be covered with granules up to a grain size of 3 mm, preferably in the range of 0.3 to 0.6 mm. Alternatively, the binder may be a two-component polyurethane-based lacquer. This lacquer can also be suitably formed with electrically conductive pigments and / or fillers. The polyurethane lacquer should be rolled or sprayed as a coating with a layer thickness of approx. 0.25 mm. It is granulated with a corresponding finer grain size, preferably from 0.1 to 0.35 mm. Instead of silicon carbide can be used if quartz sand. This itself is not conductive, but provided with a conductive coating, the deposit is nevertheless antistatic.

Preferably, the coating is provided with an electrically conductive coating. This layer binds the additionally poured granulate and forms a conductive bond between the granulate grains. In some areas of application, it is possible to completely dispense with pouring the granulate into the base layer of the top coat.

In the method of making a liquid-tight floor covering, particularly at points of entry, for example, into filling and refilling stations, in which a covering layer is applied to the substrate, an insulating layer is applied according to the invention to the substrate and mechanically bonded thereto. The covering layer is applied to the insulating layer and mechanically bonded to the insulating layer.

Although manual application of the insulating layer is possible, it is preferably sprayed. Between the insulating layer and the substrate, respectively. a bonding bridge is applied and sanded between the insulating layer and the covering layer.

Preferably, an epoxy resin or polyurethane coating is applied as a coating, followed by sand or stone chips. Preferably, the coating surfaces are covered with silicon carbide. Surfaces equipped with sand or crushed stone are preferably provided with a topcoat.

For example, the following products are in harmony with each other: Depending on the substrate, a two-component epoxy resin (concrete or asphalt substrate) is sprinkled with quartz sand, optionally with quartz sand, with corrosion and filler pigments, epoxy polyurethane resin primer (metal) base); suitable insulating layer is a sprayed two-component polyurea liquid film, or a manually applied two-component polyurethane liquid film. A two-component polyurethane-based lacquer or epoxy polyurethane resin can be applied to the insulating layer, which is directly covered and varnished. This backfill base layer is preferably formed with conductive pigments and fillers. A sandblasted two-component polyurethane varnish can also be applied once again as an adhesive bridge between the insulating layer and this two-component varnish.

Quartz sand having a grain size of 0.1 to 3 mm, preferably 0.3 to 0.8 mm, is a suitable primer granulate for a primer and an adhesive base. Quartz sand and preferably silicon carbide having a grain size of 0.1 to 3 mm, but preferably 0.3 to 0.8 mm, or up to 0.6 mm, is poured into the surface of the covering layer protecting the insulating layer. This wear-resistant surface is lacquered with an epoxy polyurethane lacquer consisting of conductive pigments and / or fillers, or a similar polyurethane-based lacquer.

Preferably, for a thicker coating, a two-component epoxy resin formed with electrically conductive pigments and / or fillers on a sandblasted adhesive base of a two-component polyurethane varnish is suitable. The epoxy resin is sprayed at a layer thickness of 1 to 3 mm, and preferably is covered with silicon carbide having a grain size of 0.3 to 0.6 mm. To this end, a two-component epoxy polyurethane resin based lacquer based on conductive pigments and / or fillers is expedient.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the figures. Fig. 1 shows a superstructure covering with minimal covering; Fig. 2 shows an extensive identical superstructure with a more massive covering layer; Fig. 3 shows the superstructure of FIG. 1 with a simplified covering layer.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The superstructure liquid-tight floor coverings 11, 11, 11 shown in the figures have an liquid-impermeable insulating layer 13 on the support substrate 17. This insulating layer 13 is not conductive. It is optionally covered with an electrically conductive, very thin covering layer 15, 15 '. The insulating layer according to the invention may also be covered with a non-conductive covering layer or with a thicker, for example mineral coating layer.

In Figures 1 to 3, the structure according to the invention consists of an insulating layer 13 and a covering layer 15,15 ', 15 placed thereon. A primer 19 adapted, for example rolled as a primer, is applied to a carrier substrate 17, for example a concrete slab. serves to adhere better to the support substrate 17 of the ordered layers. The primer 19 is still sandblasted in the wet state to mix the used grains of quartz sand 21 into the primer 19. Sandblasting acts as a mechanical connection to the tooth between the primer 19 and the layer deposited thereon. On the sandblasted surface of the dry primer 19, for example, a sprayed polyurea two-component liquid-tight insulating film 23 is applied. Alternatively, the film 23 may be applied by hand, for example by spraying or pouring. The two-component polyurea fabric solidifies within a few minutes, so that the work of the coating process does not have to be interrupted.

The foil 23 must now be provided with an adhesive coating 25 on its upper side again. In the examples of Figures 1 and 2, it is sandblasted as a primer 19 with quartz sand 21 'having a grain size of 0.3 to 0.8 mm. A two-component polyurethane lacquer is expediently used as an adhesive coating 25. The sandblasted adhesive coating 25 serves for better mechanical adhesion of the first and second base coatings 27, 29 applied thereto. The components of the superstructure covering under the coatings 27, 29 can be electrically insulated without disadvantages. The liquid-tight insulating film 23 forms an electrically insulated layer anyway. Therefore, quartz sand can be used for sandblasting in the left coat 25. The superstructure covering differs in both Figures 1 and 2 only in the coverings 15,15 'on the sandblasted adhesive coating 25.

Figure 1 shows a less expensive variant with a conductive base first coating layer 27 having a thickness of 0.2 to 0.3 mm, preferably formed from a two-component epoxy polyurethane resin based resin with conductive pigments and fillers. This first base deposit 27, which is preferably applied by rolling, is covered with silicon carbide with a grain size of 0.1 to 0.3 mm. This first conductive coating 31 is subsequently coated with a covering coating 33 of a two-component lacquer formed on the basis of an epoxy polyurethane resin with conductive pigments and fillers. The cover layer 33 can also be made of conductive polyurethane lacquer or completely omitted.

Figure 2 shows a more costly and more load-bearing variant of the topcoat of 2 to 3 mm thick, in particular the second basecoat 29 of two-component epoxy resin.

The second base coat 29 is 1 to 3 mm thick and is mainly sprinkled with a silicon carbide granulate constituting the second conductive deposit 35 with a grain size of 0.3 to 0.6 mm. This granulate also needs to be provided with a covering layer 33 in order to increase the bonding of the surface and possibly to create the conductivity of the coating. Here, too, the covering layer 33 can be omitted for cost reasons.

In the superstructure variant shown in Figure 3, a two-component polyurethane-based adhesive 25 is applied to the insulating layer 13 and sprinkled directly with silicon carbide or quartz sand. This varnish does not have to be conductive even if the coating is to be antistatic. This requirement can be met by coating with a two-component lacquer formed with conductive pigments and fillers, for example based on epoxy polyurethane resin. In a simplified roofing variant, the granulate can also be omitted.

If the coating does not need to be provided with an antistatic coating, the formation of electrically conductive coating layers may be dispensed with, and the polymer layer or polymer layers may be formed as electrically insulating.

Briefly, the fluid-tight downgrade body, in particular for refueling stations and environmental filling liquids, has a mechanically bonded, fluid-tight insulating foil 23 applied to the support substrate and applied thereto, mechanically with a fluid-tight insulating foil 23 bonded thin covering layer 15, 15 '. The liquid-tight insulating film 23 is mainly a two-component sprayable polyurea film. The cover layer 15, 15 'preferably has an electrically conductive, two-component resin or lacquer second base coat 29 sprinkled with silicon carbide. For the mechanical bonding of the layers, a sandblasted epoxy resin primer is applied between each layer. made of polyurethane lacquer.

Claims (11)

PATENT CLAIMS Liquid-tight floor covering (11, 11 ') on a supporting substrate (17), in particular a concrete slab or on an asphalt covering, especially for the driving areas in filling and refilling stations, with polyurea or polyurethane liquid foil as liquid-proof insulating foil (23) locally applied to the support substrate in liquid form, cured and mechanically bonded to the support substrate, characterized in that it comprises a thin covering deposit (15,15) applied and mechanically bonded to the liquid-tight insulating film (23). The covering according to claim 1, characterized in that the liquid-tight insulating foil (23) is a sprayed foil. Roofing according to either of Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it comprises an adhesive layer consisting of a primer (19) and quartz sand (21) and / or sand. an adhesive coating (25) and quartz sand (21 ') between the liquid-tight insulating foil (23) and the support substrate (17), respectively. between the liquid-tight insulating film (23) and the deposits formed by the second base layer (29), the second conductive layer (35), the cover layer (33) and the second layer, respectively. a first base coat (27), a first conductive coat (31) and a cover coat (33). Roofing according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the thin covering layer (15, 15 ') comprises first and second base layers (27, 29) of lacquer or resin, in particular of epoxy resin or polyurethane lacquer, formed pigments and / or fillers and polymeric binder. The covering according to claim 4, characterized in that the pigments and / or fillers are electrically conductive and that is a conductive lacquer or resin layer. The covering according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the deposits formed by the second base layer (29), the second conductive layer (35), the cover layer (33) and the second layer (3). the first base coat (27), the first conductive coat (31) and the cover coat (33) are covered with an electrically conductive granulate, in particular silicon carbide. The covering according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the thin covering layer (15, 15 ') comprises a covering layer (33) which is electrically conductive. A method of making a liquid-tight floor covering, particularly for running areas in filling and refilling stations, wherein the liquid polyurea or polyurethane foil as a liquid-tight insulating foil (23) is applied locally to the support substrate (17) in liquid form, locally cured and mechanically bonded to the backing, characterized in that a liquid-tight insulating foil (23) is applied 5 applies a thin covering layer (15, 15 ') and is mechanically bonded thereto. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that the liquid-tight insulating foil (23) is applied by spraying. Method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that between the liquid-tight insulating foil (23) and the carrier substrate (17) or between the liquid-tight insulating foil (23) and the thin covering layer (15), The adhesive layer is applied and sanded. Method according to one of Claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the thin coating layer (15, 15 ') comprises an epoxy resin or a polyurethane coating which is applied and sanded, in particular sprayed with silicon carbide.