RU2617040C1 - Cold accumulative cooling tower - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power industry.

SUBSTANCE: cold accumulating cooling tower contains a rectangular in cross-section body with an air-intake windows and air distributors, the fan unit and a nozzle atomizer of winteproof water is located in the upper part of the housing, and at least three rows of irrigation nozzles, installed in the middle part of the body with the composite elements from hydrophilic material and a tank for cooling water collection, placed below the body, and its bleeding to the consumer. Each of the irrigation nozzles is a group of spherical hydrophilic elements from fibrous material, which are suspended by means of holders to the bearing them horizontal base, forming at least three rows in the vertical direction and positioned relatively to each other in both the horizontal and vertical planes in the staggered order and providing the process gap between them. The number of spherical elements and their diameter is determined by the specified cooling tower efficiency, and the holders are made of the material, having a minimum thermal conductivity. The diameter of spherical hydrophilic elements is determined depending on the diameter of the cooling tower flow part according to the ratio 1/50. The spherical hydrophilic elements are made from the capable to absorpt the condensed moisture fibrous material, allowing multiple cycles of freezing - defrosting without loss of absorption properties, such as from cotton wool.

EFFECT: invention allows to improve the economic and process efficiency of the cooling tower by increasing the nozzle packing density and thus the heat exchange specific surface value, to reduce the power consumption by the ice accumulation in the irrigation nozzles composite elements made from hydrophilic material.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of heat engineering, in particular to devices for recirculating water cooling with natural environmental cold, used in various water-cooling installations of refrigeration equipment, and can find application in household and industrial fields, in the food industry, agriculture, air conditioning systems, etc. .

Refrigeration devices using natural cold are known in the art, for example, a recirculating water cooling device for a mobile milk milk cooling system (RU 2486749, 2013), comprising a housing with an air inlet window and an exhaust fan, inside of which there is a spray nozzle of water, a plate radiator and a heat exchanger made in the form of a coil in contact with the radiator plates with milk moving in it. Drops of water sprayed by nozzles under the action of a counter-directed air flow created by an exhaust fan settle on the surfaces of the radiator and are cooled by evaporation. To collect the remaining fraction of chilled water, a device is provided in the device, which is a container divided by vertical plates to increase the path of water movement. In the process of finding water inside the battery, its warmer fraction rises and is cooled by a horizontal air stream. From the accumulator, water thus prepared is pumped into the nozzles, sprayed and receives heat from the milk through a coil heat exchanger and radiator plates. Such a device provides heat transfer only in an insignificant temperature range and therefore can be used mainly in the spring-summer period with preliminary (intermediate) cooling of milk that is milked in the field. Integration of a heat-exchange coil with the milk circulating in it into the device case reduces the operational reliability of the system as a whole.

A similar device is known that is installed autonomously from the remaining components of the milk milk cooling system and is intended for operation in the autumn-winter period at a temperature close to zero (RU 2243652, 2005), made as a cooling tower and containing a water tank having walls, made of metal, above which an air-water heat exchanger is installed with an atomizer nozzle located at the top and a fan assembly in the middle. The lower part of the heat exchanger adjacent to the reservoir is made of a plate made of porous material, which should contribute to the freezing of ice in the latter and, consequently, the accumulation of cold. The disadvantage of this analogue is the limited operation interval, so, when the temperature of the environment is critical for water (frost), the operation of the device is unacceptable.

Also known, for example, from the descriptions of patents RU 2319093 C1, 2008 and RU 2541622 C2, 2015, devices for cooling recirculated (circulating) water as cooling towers for a thermal power plant or nuclear power plant.

The cooling tower according to patent RU 2319093 C1 contains a metal casing with an inlet window, a separator, a water distributor with spray nozzles, a nozzle with generators of the so-called "Fluidized bed" moving hollow balls placed on the support grid, and a tray with water. Hollow plastic balls of the nozzle under the influence of sprayed water coming from the nozzles and pumped from the outside through the inlet window in the upward air flow body randomly move, colliding with each other, which, as follows from the description of the patent, should intensify the process of heat and mass transfer between the sprayed water and air flow. For greater intensity of movement of the balls, the device may have a vibrator mounted on a support grid. However, such a device has increased energy consumption, and it does not solve the problem of accumulating cold by means of nozzle elements, since they are made of a hydrophobic material and are mobile.

The fan cooling tower for cooling recirculating water according to the patent RU 2541622 C2 is the closest analogue (prototype) of the invention and contains a rectangular case in cross section with air inlets and air diffusers on both sides. In the upper part of the casing there is an electric fan unit and an atomized nozzle of heated water, in the middle part of the casing there are three rows of irrigation nozzles assembled from the constituent elements, and at the bottom of the casing there is a container for collecting chilled water with its discharge to the consumer. Above the water surface of the tank, there is a surface cooling unit made of corrugated sheets parallel to the movement of cooling air from the air inlet windows, and each of the irrigation nozzles is made in the form of a block also assembled from corrugated sheets, but with their vertical arrangement.

In the prototype, the components of the irrigation nozzles and surface cooling unit (corrugated sheets) have a surface layer of hydrophilic material or are made entirely of it, which, when water gets on them, contributes to the formation of a free surface, and this effect is used in the prototype to reduce the temperature of the circulating water without increasing air flow and increase the aerodynamic drag of the cooling tower.

However, the construction of the irrigation nozzle adopted in the prototype, due to the need to use the effect of hydrophilic properties of its constituent elements to form a free surface, does not allow the use of irrigation constituent elements in such a cooling tower to accumulate cold by freezing ice on them, which should be attributed to the main disadvantage of the prototype. Some structural complexity of the fan unit and the presence of a surface cooling unit increase the cost of the tower, which is another disadvantage of the prototype.

The problem solved by the invention is aimed at creating an economically and technologically effective cold storage cooling tower, simplifying the cold storage process by freezing water in the fiber nozzle, with the possibility of using slightly negative air temperatures (from minus 1 ° C and below).

The technical result obtained by the implementation of the invention is to reduce the cost of obtaining ice water by reducing energy consumption and cheapening the device while increasing the efficiency of the heat and mass transfer process in it.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in a cold storage cooling tower containing a rectangular case in cross section with air inlet windows and air distributors, a fan unit and an atomized nozzle of heated water located in the upper part of the body, as well as at least three rows of irrigation nozzles installed in the middle part of the body with components of a hydrophilic material and a container located at the bottom of the housing for collecting chilled water with its outlet to the consumer, according to the invention each of the irrigation nozzles is a group of spherical hydrophilic elements made of fibrous material, which are suspended by means of holders to the horizontal supporting base with the formation of at least three rows vertically and placed relative to each other in horizontal and vertical planes in a checkerboard pattern and secured technological gap between them, while the number of spherical elements and their diameter is determined by the specified performance of the tower, and the holders of the elements in made of a material with minimal thermal conductivity.

Additional features of the invention are that:

- the diameter of the spherical hydrophilic bodies is determined depending on the diameter of the flow part of the tower in the ratio of 1/50;

- spherical hydrophilic bodies are made of fibrous material capable of absorbing droplet moisture, allowing multiple cycles of freezing and thawing without loss of absorption properties, for example, of cotton wool.

In the drawings: in FIG. 1 shows a general view of the proposed cooling tower (example); FIG. 2 - a fragment of the irrigation nozzle.

Cold storage cooling tower (Fig. 1) contains a fan unit 1 located in the upper part of the rectangular cross-section of the casing 2. In the lower part of the casing 2 there are two air inlet windows 3 on one side of it, through which air enters the apparatus, where it is more uniform distribution installed air distributors 4 curved shape. At least three irrigation nozzles 5 and a spray nozzle 6 for supplying heated water from the consumer are installed in the middle part of the housing 2. The tank 7 in the lower part of the housing 2 is designed to collect chilled water with its discharge to the consumer.

Each of the irrigation nozzles 5 represents a group of elements 8 of a spherical shape made of a hydrophilic fibrous material capable of absorbing droplet moisture, such as cotton wool or glass wool, which are suspended from a horizontal bearing base 9, made, for example, in the form of a mesh, by non-heat conductive holders 10 with nodes 11 (Fig. 2).

When they are attached to the base 9, the elements 8 form at least three rows vertically and are staggered relative to each other in the horizontal and vertical planes and providing a technological gap between them, eliminating the possibility of their mutual collision and freezing. The material from which the elements 8 are made must allow multiple cycles of freezing and thawing without loss of moisture absorption properties.

The placement of the elements 8 of the irrigation nozzles 5 in a checkerboard pattern with at least three rows arrangement contributes to an increase in the intensity of heat exchange from the air side and to ensure turbulent air flow in the working volume of the tower. By placing a large group of elements 8 with a minimum gap between them, sufficient to prevent their collision and freezing, for example, in a specific embodiment at a distance of about 5 mm, it allows to increase the packing density of spherical bodies, and therefore, the specific heat transfer surface.

The diameter of the elements 8 is determined by the set capacity of the tower and depends on the size of its flow part, for example, in the ratio of 1/50. So, for example, for a specific cold storage cooling tower with a diameter of the flowing part up to 0.5 m, the optimal diameter of spherical bodies is 15-20 mm, and for a cooling tower with a diameter of the flowing part from 0.5 to 1.5 m the optimal diameter of spherical bodies is 30 -40 mm.

The operation of the tower is as follows.

Initially, the fan unit 1 is turned off and water is supplied to the irrigation nozzles 5 through the nozzle nozzle 6. Then, after the elements 8 of the irrigation nozzles 5 are saturated with water, the nozzles 5 stop working and the unit 1 is turned on, which supplies the counterflow of cold air from the environment to the irrigation nozzles 5. Moisture contained in elements 8 is frozen, turning them into ice masses of a spherical shape (for example, spherical or ellipsoidal).

The next stage of the cooling tower operation is to stop the unit 1 and supply the heated water with the nozzles of the sprayer 6 through the irrigation nozzles 5. Contacting with the cold nozzles 5 containing the ice mass, the water is cooled to near zero temperature by melting the ice of the irrigation nozzles 5 and drains into a tank 7, from where chilled water is discharged through the pipe to the consumer. At this time, the spray nozzles 6 are turned off, because during the above initial spill of hydrophilic elements 8 with warm water, they absorbed water and re-saturation with moisture is not required.

Then, by turning on / off the fan unit 1, the “freeze-thaw” cycles are repeated.

The advantage of the proposed cold storage cooling tower is the expansion of the range of air temperature use up to negative near-zero (from minus 1 ° C and below) for conducting the process of freezing water when creating an accumulated mass of ice. The cooling tower can be operated in winter and summer. In the latter case, the profitability of its application is dictated by the fact that the nozzle can be frozen by air pre-cooled in an air cooler at a cheap night rate.

Claims (3)

1. Cold storage tower, comprising a rectangular case in cross section with air inlets and air distributors, a fan unit and a heated water nozzle atomizer located in the upper part of the body, as well as at least three rows of irrigation nozzles installed in the middle of the body with components made of hydrophilic material and a container located at the bottom of the housing for collecting chilled water with its discharge to the consumer, characterized in that each of the irrigation nozzles contains It is a group of spherical hydrophilic elements made of fibrous material, which are suspended by means of holders to a horizontal supporting base with the formation of at least three rows vertically and placed relative to each other both in horizontal and vertical planes in a checkerboard pattern and providing a technological gap between them , while the number of spherical elements and their diameter is determined by the given cooling tower performance, and the element holders are made of a material having minimum thermal conductivity. 2. The cooling tower according to claim 1, characterized in that the diameter of the spherical hydrophilic elements is determined depending on the diameter of the flowing part of the cooling tower in a ratio of 1/50. 3. The cooling tower according to claim 1, characterized in that the spherical hydrophilic elements are made of fibrous material capable of absorbing droplet moisture, allowing multiple cycles of freezing and thawing without loss of absorption properties, for example, of cotton wool.

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