RU2692505C1 - Method of localizing and determining the nature and dimensions of damage to hull skin - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: acoustics; electronic equipment.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to acoustics and electronics engineering and can be used in performance of ship survivability measures. Disclosed is a method of localizing and determining the nature and size of damage to hull skin, in accordance with which along the entire surface of hull skin on the inner side of the integrated sensors are located, connected together by a common digital bus of high efficiency. This bus is connected to common unit of data processing and control, which synchronises operation of all integrated sensors, provides serial removal from each integrated sensor of data unit accumulated in it and performs all necessary calculations. Each integrated sensor consists of acoustic transducer, amplifier, rectifier and microcontroller. Control unit initiates the beginning of the time cycle and starts the timer of each microcontroller of each integrated sensor. When an acoustic pulse and, as a result, an electric pulse appear at the output of the rectifier, the operation of the timer terminates and a corresponding time mark is stored in the memory of the controller. Further, the microcontroller measures the duration of the electric (acoustic) pulse and also stores the result in its memory. Data processing and control unit collects data from all microcontrollers and calculates the position of the impact point on the timestamps of each integrated sensor, the nature and size of the damage as per the duration of the acoustic pulse.EFFECT: technical result consists in rapid determination of damage point of hull skin and simultaneous determination of nature and size of damage.1 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of acoustics and electronics and can be used in the implementation of measures to improve the survivability of the ship.

Questions of the survivability of the ship are quite relevant in the construction and operation of ships of military and civilian fleets. At the same time, the main aspects of ensuring survivability are described in detail in the book Vasyunkin V.V. Survivability of a surface ship. - SPB, ed. Military Medical Academy named after N.G. Kuznetsova, 1992. - 270 p. or Zabirov, TA Vitality of the surface ship. - M .: Military publishing house, 1994. - 360 p. The books describe how to localize and determine the nature and extent of damage to the hull plating. They are mainly based on visual methods of control carried out by the crew of the vessel. This method of control is unacceptable at the modern level of shipbuilding and navigation, since the response time to damage to the hull plating, determined by human factors, can be fatal for both the vessel and its crew.

Often, to provide the simplest automation to ensure the survivability of a ship, water level sensors are used in various compartments of the ship. But the readings of these sensors are post factum and do not give any idea about the location of the holes in the hull of the vessel, about its nature and size.

At the same time, when implementing measures to ensure the survivability of a ship, it is extremely important to have super-operational information about the location of the hole, its size and character. Moreover, the receipt of such information should be based on the achievements of modern electronics, the influence of the human factor should be excluded. This will allow you to quickly take the necessary actions to repair the damage, at best, or to quickly block the damaged compartments and, if necessary, to organize the evacuation of the team in the worst case.

The aim of the present invention is the implementation of operational, within fractions of a second, determining the location of damage in the hull of the ship hull and simultaneously determining the nature of the damage and its dimensions.

This goal is achieved by the fact that according to the method of localizing and determining the nature and size of damage to the hull plating, characterized by the fact that a series of integrated sensors that connect a common digital data bus have a common performance and output, thus, information from each integrated sensor to a common unit for processing incoming data and control, with the work of each integra The sensor is synchronized by the incoming data processing and control unit on a local time scale of the entire system of integrated sensors and the incoming data processing and control unit, and when an impact occurs on the hull shell of the ship with an external object, each integrated sensor records at its location the amplitude of the envelope of acoustic oscillations propagating on the hull of the ship hull, record the time of arrival of acoustic oscillations in a local time scale and fix the shape of an envelope her acoustic oscillations, after which the specified data set is integrated into the integrated sensor microcontroller digitized and stored in the memory of the integrated sensor, then, upon request from the incoming data processing and control unit, this memorized data block is transmitted from each integrated sensor according to the specified exchange protocol according to common high performance digital data bus to a common unit for processing incoming data and control, which analyzes the incoming data from each and integrated sensor information, and the amplitude of the envelope of acoustic oscillations concludes about the impact force on the hull plating; according to the difference of acoustic oscillations arrival times to adjacent integrated sensors, calculate the location on the hull plating of the impact point and the shape of the acoustic oscillation envelope. hull of the vessel, namely, if the amplitude of the envelope of acoustic oscillations is small and the duration of the envelope of acoustic oscillations is short, then take the decision on noncritical impact on the hull of the ship hull, which did not lead to significant deformations, however, if the amplitude of the envelope of acoustic oscillations is large and its duration is extended, then decide that a hull covering of the ship hull has been deformed, and finally, if the amplitude the envelope of acoustic oscillations is large and this envelope has a substantial duration, it is then decided that there was a gap in the hull of the vessel hull, while the duration of the envelope of acoustic oscillations is estimated linearly th size of the hull plating.

These properties of the proposed invention are new, as according to the method of the prototype, due to its inherent flaws, it is assumed visual inspection of the location, nature and size of damage to the hull plating of the vessel. By the present method, said control is carried out automatically in a matter of fractions of a second. The human factor from these events is completely excluded.

This method of localizing and determining the nature and size of damage to the hull plating of a ship hull can be implemented using the device shown in FIG. one.

The device for localization and determination of the nature and dimensions of damage to the hull plating of the ship consists of a series of integrated sensors 5, 6, 7, 8, etc., a high-performance common digital bus 9, a unit for processing incoming data and control 10. The structure of the integrated sensor is shown in FIG. . 2. The integrated sensor consists of acoustic transducer 1, amplifier 2, rectifier 3, microcontroller 4.

The output of the acoustic transducer 1 of the integrated sensor is connected to the input of the amplifier 2, the output of which is connected to the input of the rectifier 3, the output of which is connected to the input of the microcontroller 4, the bi-directional output of which is the bi-directional output of the entire integrated sensor, with all the bi-directional outputs of all the integrated sensors 5, 6, 7, 8, etc. connected by a common high-performance digital bus 9 and also connected to the bi-directional output of the incoming data processing and control unit 10.

A device that implements the inventive method of localizing and determining the nature and size of damage to the hull plating of the vessel as follows.

The incoming data processing and control unit 10 on a common high-performance digital bus 9 periodically generates a synchronization signal, which is common to all integrated sensors 5, 6, 7, 8, etc. This synchronization signal periodically starts the timer built into the microcontroller 4 of each integrated sensor, thereby forming the current time cycle. Then, the incoming data processing and control unit 10 addresses each microcontroller 4 of each integrated sensor separately and receives from it a data packet generated by this microcontroller 4 on the previous time cycle. The duration of the time cycle depends on the number of integrated sensors installed on the hull of the vessel, the performance of a common high-performance digital bus 9 and the amount of data transferred. Thus, with a bus performance of 1 Mbps, the number of integrated sensors is 1000 pcs. and the amount of data transmitted by each 64-bit sensor, the time of one time cycle will be 64 ms. At the same time, taking the speed of propagation of sound vibrations in steel equal to 6000 m / s, during the cycle time of 64 ms, the sound wave can propagate to a distance of 384 m, in other words, almost the entire length of a large ship. However, acoustic oscillations will not practically cover such a distance along the hull of the ship hull, since the seawater is a good damper of acoustic vibrations, the presence of frames and other structures on the hull will also contribute to a significant attenuation of acoustic vibrations. At the same time, it is realistic to consider the distances of propagation of acoustic oscillations without their significant attenuation, estimated to be several meters or one to two tens of meters. With a linear pitch of the integrated sensors of 6 m, the maximum propagation time of sound waves between adjacent sensors will be 1 ms.

-тый интегрированный датчик. Этот временной интервал можно представить какThus, after the beginning of the formation of the current time cycle initiated by the incoming data processing and control unit 10, the time interval begins in each microcontroller 4 of each integrated sensor, and the time interval stops when the pulse of the rectifier 3 amplitude arrives at the input of the microcontroller above some first threshold. The current value of the timer is stored in the memory of the microcontroller of the integrated sensor and it corresponds to the time interval from the beginning of the time cycle until the arrival of acoustic oscillations on

-th integrated sensor. This time interval can be represented as

,

,

— время от начала временного цикла до момента удара по корпусу судна внешним предметом,

— расстояние от точки удара до места расположения

-того акустического преобразователя 1 соответствующего

-того интегрированного датчика,

— скорость распространения акустических колебаний в материале обшивки корпуса судна (с учетом погружения, выше или ниже ватерлинии).Where

- time from the beginning of the time cycle until the moment of impact on the ship’s hull with an external object,

- distance from impact point to location

of the acoustic transducer 1 corresponding

of that integrated sensor

- the speed of propagation of acoustic oscillations in the hull material of the ship hull (taking into account immersion, above or below the waterline).

, в каждом из которых присутствует время

, одинаковое для каждого интегрированного датчика. После решения системы уравнений относительно расстояний

при входящих данных

и известных расстояния между интегрированными датчиками величина

взаимно вычитается.Thus, in the microcontroller's memory, 4 groups of adjacent integrated sensors are stored in each of their time interval

, each of which has time

The same for each integrated sensor. After solving the system of equations for distances

with incoming data

and the known distance between the integrated sensors

mutually deductible.

каждый микроконтроллер 4 каждого интегрированного датчика измеряет амплитуду импульса на выходе выпрямителя 3 усиленного в усилителе электрических сигналов 2, поступающих с акустического преобразователя 1. При малой величине амплитуды импульса с выхода выпрямителя 3 микроконтроллер не производит дальнейших вычислений и запоминает в своей памяти длительность импульса условно равной нулю. При превышении амплитуды импульса с выхода выпрямителя 3 некоторой второй пороговой величины микроконтроллер 4 начинает измерять длительность импульса до снижения его амплитуды ниже этой второй пороговой величины. Измеренная длительность импульса запоминается в памяти микроконтроллера 4.Simultaneously with the counting of the time interval

each microcontroller 4 of each integrated sensor measures the amplitude of the pulse at the output of the rectifier 3 amplified in the electric signal 2, coming from the acoustic transducer 1. With a small amplitude of the pulse from the output of the rectifier 3, the microcontroller does not perform further calculations and remembers the impulse length of zero. . When the amplitude of the pulse from the output of the rectifier 3 of a certain second threshold value is exceeded, microcontroller 4 begins to measure the pulse duration until its amplitude falls below this second threshold value. The measured pulse duration is stored in the memory of the microcontroller 4.

Thus, in memory of the microcontroller 4 of each integrated sensor, a data packet is stored that carries information about the time of the impact on the ship’s hull, the impact force and the pulse duration characterizing the impact. This data packet at the beginning of the next time cycle is sequentially transmitted via a high-performance digital bus 9 by each microcontroller 4 of each integrated sensor to the incoming data processing and control unit 10 upon its request.

и имеющейся карте расположения интегрированных датчиков с известными расстояниями между ними однозначно определяют расположение точки удара. Далее в блоке обработки поступающих данных и управления 10 оценивают амплитуду импульсов (или силу удара) и их длительность. При этом различают три степени удара. Если амплитуда импульса невелика и его длительность короткая, то принимают решение о некритичном ударе по обшивке корпуса судна, не приведшем к ее существенным деформациям (см. фиг. 3). С другой стороны, если амплитуда импульса велика и его длительность расширена, то принимают решение о том, что произошла деформация обшивки корпуса судна (см. фиг. 4). Наконец, если амплитуда импульса велика и этот импульс имеет существенную длительность, то принимают решение о том, что имел место разрыв обшивки корпуса судна, при этом по продолжительности импульса оценивают линейный размер разрыва обшивки корпуса судна (см. фиг. 5).In the processing unit of the incoming data and control 10 carry out the necessary calculations and the available time intervals

and the existing map of the location of the integrated sensors with known distances between them uniquely determine the location of the point of impact. Next, in the processing unit of the incoming data and control 10 estimate the amplitude of the pulses (or impact force) and their duration. There are three degrees of impact. If the pulse amplitude is small and its duration is short, then decide on a non-critical impact on the hull of the vessel, which did not lead to its significant deformations (see Fig. 3). On the other hand, if the pulse amplitude is large and its duration is extended, then it is decided that a hull covering of the ship hull has been deformed (see Fig. 4). Finally, if the pulse amplitude is large and this pulse has a substantial duration, then it is decided that a hull plating has occurred, and the linear size of the hull plating is estimated by the pulse duration (see Fig. 5).

The economic effect of the use of the proposed invention is associated with the appearance of the possibility of almost instantaneous localization of the impact point of an external object on the hull cover of the vessel. In addition to localizing the impact site, it is possible to determine the nature of damage to the hull plating of the vessel, as well as the size of the hole. Localization and determination of the nature / size of damage is carried out automatically using modern advances in the field of acoustics and electronics. When the data on the critical state of the hull plating appears at the output of the computing device, measures to ensure the survivability of the ship can be performed automatically and fairly quickly. In the automatic mode, it can operatively block the compartments with damaged lining.

Another aspect of increasing the efficiency of using the proposed invention is connected with the possibility of completely eliminating the influence of the human factor on the localization process and determining the nature and extent of damage.

Claims (1)

The method of localization and determination of the nature and size of damage to the hull plating of a ship, characterized in that a series of integrated sensors that connect a common high-performance digital data bus, are placed over the entire area of the hull hull from its inside, and thus output information from each integrated sensor to a common processing unit for incoming data and control, while the operation of each integrated sensor is synchronized by the processing unit Incoming data and control on a local time scale of the entire system of integrated sensors and the processing unit of incoming data and control, while in the event of an impact on the hull of the vessel with an external object, each integrated sensor records, at its location, the amplitude of the acoustic envelope propagating on the hull of the vessel , record the time of arrival of acoustic oscillations in a local time scale and fix the shape of the envelope of acoustic oscillations, after which it is indicated The new data set is integrated into the integrated sensor by the microcontroller and digitized and stored in the integrated sensor memory, after which, upon request from the incoming data processing and control unit, this memorized data block from each integrated sensor is transferred according to a predetermined data exchange protocol via a common digital data bus high performance on a common unit of processing incoming data and control, which analyze the information from each integrated sensor, and amp Therefore, the acoustic oscillation envelope concludes about the impact force on the hull hull plating, according to the difference in acoustic oscillations arriving at adjacent integrated sensors, calculate the position of the impact point on the hull hull plating and determine the nature and extent of damage to the hull plating, namely, if the amplitude of the envelope of acoustic oscillations is small and the duration of the envelope of acoustic oscillations is short, then decide on an uncritical blow to the paneling However, if the amplitude of the acoustic oscillation envelope is large and its duration is extended, then it is decided that the hull plating of the vessel has been deformed, and finally, if the amplitude of the acoustic oscillation envelope is large the envelope has a substantial duration, then it is decided that there was a gap in the hull of the vessel hull, while the linear dimension of the gap in the hull of the vessel hull is estimated from the duration of the acoustic wave envelope.

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