RU2534283C2 - Ceramic brick soft-mud forming and drying line - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to production of construction materials and can be used for reconstruction and designing of brick soft-mud forming plants. Proposed line comprises extrusion press, open-frame automatic cutter, brick automatic stacker and drier. Note here that, additionally, this line is equipped with drying frames with T-like pillars and automatic stacker to place frames with bricks on drying frames. Automatic stacker consists of transition roll table, step conveyor, grouping conveyor and lifter with arms. Drying frames with bricks are fed into driers by means of stackers over smooth floor. Note here they are arranged in two tiers inside drying chamber over it height onto t-like pillars of said drying frames.

EFFECT: reduced production floor and amount of automatic hardware, lower metal input.

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Description

The invention relates to the production of building materials and is intended for use in the reconstruction of existing and designing new enterprises for the production of plastic molded ceramic bricks.

A well-known plastic molding ceramic brick production line containing a belt press, a multi-line cutting machine, a brick automatic stacker, a tunnel dryer, working with laying bricks on drying frames and then on console drying trolleys. The latter, with the help of special transport, lines along rail tracks are transported and loaded into continuous tunnel dryers. The train of drying trolleys inside the dryer is periodically pushed by the pushing mechanism to the length of one trolley according to the rhythm determined by the technological regulations for drying. After the end of the drying cycle with the passage of the trolley from the beginning to the end of the next tunnel, the dried brick from the drying trolley is unloaded and sent for firing, and the vacated trolley is sent along the return paths to the place of the next loading cycle. For the movement of trolleys along the entire route, special line transport is used - electromechanical pushers, feeders, turntables, power transmission trolleys for lateral transportation of trolleys along the front and rear were dried on the loading and unloading sides. The specified production line (1) is the most common in Russia and currently operates in many brick factories based on the well-known automatic stacker (2).

A well-known plastic molding ceramic brick production line containing a belt press, a multi-line cutting machine, a brick automatic stacker, a batch chamber dryer, working with laying brick on slats with subsequent accumulation of slats with bricks with the formation of a transportable bag in an elevator-type drive. The 10-12-storey package collected in the drive with the help of an electric transmission bridge equipped with a fork reloader is transported by rail to the dryer and installed on metal structures mounted inside the dryer for floor installation of brick rails. The dried brick is delivered in the same way to the elevator type unloader, where they are successively transferred to the following mechanisms for transporting the brick to the firing zone by stepwise lowering the slats with brick on the elevator. The specified line (3) based on imported equipment has been implemented and operates at a number of Russian plants. Technological lines (1) and (3) in terms of technical nature and the achieved result are the closest to the claimed line.

However, line (1) has a number of significant drawbacks.

The high metal consumption and the complexity of manufacturing a fleet of drying trolleys with wheelsets and the need to build a large number of rail tracks to move along the entire route, including inside tunnel dryers, increase the cost of the line. The drying compartment and the surrounding rail tracks when working on low 5 or 6 shelf drying trolleys require large production areas for their placement. The design of the automatic stacker is complicated due to the many functions it performs when working with drying trolleys related to the need to supply it with auxiliary mechanisms: an electromechanical feeder - to feed an empty trolley to the brick laying area, an automatic turntable - to turn the trolley 180 ° when loading its opposite side, with a rack pusher - to take the loaded trolley from the stacker to the special transport line for its further transportation to the dryer. In addition, to move drying trolleys inside the production line, installation of additional non-standard equipment in the form of various pushers, turntables, power transmission trolleys and electrical equipment for its operation is required. Thus, objectively, the operation of the described production line is provided by numerous mechanisms and automatic machines.

The production line (3), unlike the line (1), has no drawbacks associated with drying trolleys, and operates on rack technology with its inherent mechanisms for laying bricks on racks: an automatic drive and an elevator-type unloader, an electric transmission bridge with a fork truck for transporting racks with a brick in the dryer and back.

However, inside the line (3), the above-mentioned drawbacks of the line (1) remain, associated with the presence of a large number of rail tracks, the need to have special vehicles on the rail to transport bricks to the dryer and vice versa, and the need to build massive metal structures inside the dryer to install laths with brick reduces the effect of non-use of metal-intensive drying trolleys of the line considered above (1).

In general, the implementation of projects of brick factories based on lines (1) and (3) requires significant capital investments, and due to the high specific capital intensity of these lines for the production of a unit of capacity, for example, 1 million units. brick per year, it is advisable to build factories of only high power - usually 20 million units. brick per year or more - for a feasibility study with an acceptable option for the payback period of the project.

The purpose of the invention is the improvement of technical and economic indicators and the cheapening of new projects for technological lines for the production of plastic molded ceramic bricks by reducing production areas when placing a line of similar capacity compared to prototypes and creating conditions for the use of simple and inexpensive mechanisms for laying and transporting bricks in the process production, as well as the competitiveness of brick production in brick plants of small and medium capacity, working on techestvennom equipment.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the technological line for molding and drying plastic ceramic bricks is equipped with new drying equipment - drying frames with T-shaped racks for laying bricks, which are simple to manufacture and have a lower specific metal consumption compared to drying trolleys and, due to their self-supporting design that do not require the construction of bulky metal structures inside the dryer for the installation of drying equipment with bricks, rail tracks and special vehicles on the rail for x transport that gives direct savings of material resources during the construction and assembly lines. The equipment of the drying frames with T-shaped racks allows you to install the drying frames on each other in 2 floors: laden - inside it was dried during the drying of bricks, empty - in open areas before being fed to the automatic stacker. The installation of drying frames in 2 floors in drying chambers contributes to the efficient use of production facilities.

Directly attached to the drying frame is the operation of the stacker machine. The composition and operation of the stacker with drying frames is greatly simplified due to the following:

1. With the inclusion of drying frames in the production line, there is no need for numerous mechanisms and automatic machines that ensure the operation of the stacker machine for feeding and removing drying equipment. The supply and removal of the drying cages of the claimed line is carried out by a single mechanism - a forklift, for example, a serial stacker with a lifting capacity of 1-1.5 tons. The next empty drying crate is delivered by the stacker and placed on the support table (or paws) of the lift working as part of the stacker machine. Then, by stepping up the table with the drying frame installed on it, the other mechanisms of the stacker machine load all the consoles of the drying frame with frames with bricks. After loading with the same stacker, the loaded drying frame is transported to the drying chamber, and after the drying of the brick and unloading the drying frame is delivered to the stacker for the next loading cycle.

2. By the presence of consoles, the drying cage is close to the stationary carriage of the line stacker (1), where frames with brick are initially accumulated on the carriages of the stacking machine, and then transferred to the console of the drying car. On the automatic machine-stacker of the claimed line, the loading of frames with bricks is carried out directly on the drying frame, without any shifting, which completely eliminates any shifting mechanisms.

3. The machine-stacker for loading the drying cages includes a limited number of mechanisms - a transitional roller conveyor, a step conveyor, a grouping conveyor and a hoist with legs, against the numerous mechanisms and automatic machines of the line-stacker (1).

Thus, the introduction of drying frames into the production line can significantly reduce the number and nomenclature of mechanisms and automatic machines engaged in transport and laying operations with raw brick. For work, it is not necessary to produce an expensive and difficult-to-use automatic brick stacker, and the operation of loading frames with brick onto the drying frames is carried out by a simple machine-stacker with the functions of a loader, which follows from the device of the frame itself. Moreover, the transportation of drying frames with bricks to the dryer and after drying to the place of bricking for firing is carried out by an ordinary stacker on a smooth floor, and the design of the frames due to the presence of T-shaped racks allows you to install them on top of each other as inside the dryer during the drying process, and in other buffer areas, increasing the efficiency of use of production facilities.

The proposed line, compared with other production lines, has the advantage of being able to complete it for the most part (instead of manufacturing non-standard equipment on prototype lines) with purchased mechanisms and vehicles using common technical means for carrying out transport and laying operations with bricks during transitions from one redistribution to the other, and if possible the operation of the line by personnel who do not require any special training in connection with the use of ve lines of simple mechanisms, it simplifies the organization of a new production.

The implementation of the invention in a new production is provided primarily for the creation of a production line in the range of small and medium capacity from 8 to 15 million pieces of brick per year, where the advantages of the proposed line for organizing a compact, inexpensive and simple, in comparison with prototypes, are most quickly and fully realized. the production of ceramic bricks inside the finished unused production building or in a small new building from light metal structures, and the installation of the line itself with the composition of the equipment, basically does not require installation, can be carried out as soon as possible.

The inventive line consists of a belt press mounted in a technological sequence, a multi-line cutting machine, a simplified brick stacker with the functions of a brick loader, working with drying frames, chamber dryers of a simplified design with a smooth floor and walls without traditional load-bearing metal structures on the walls for installing the drying snap with bricks and rail tracks inside dried for the importation of bricks.

The line works as follows.

Figure 1 shows a plan of the location of the processing line, a top view;

figure 2 - drying frame;

figure 3 is a diagram of the installation of drying frames on top of each other;

figure 4 is a section aa in figure 1 - automatic stacker drying frames in operation;

figure 5 - position of the drying frame after loading;

figure 6 - section BB in figure 1 - installation of drying frames with bricks on top of each other inside the chamber dryers;

Fig.7 - transportation of drying cages along the route of movement inside the production line.

The technological line contains (Fig. 1) a molding compartment with a belt press, a multi-string cutting machine, an automatic stacker, drying frames for laying and transporting bricks with wheel loaders for their transportation, batch kilns and brick kilns.

The clay bar coming out of the belt press 1 on a multi-string cutting machine 2 is sequentially cut into a measured beam, and then on a multi-string cutting mechanism, into individual bricks. With the same machine, the cut bricks are pushed to the necessary gaps to improve drying and stacked on the drying frames that come from the frame shop of the multi-string cutting machine. Further, in prototypes, frames with bricks laid on them by an intermediate roller table 3 are fed to a brick automatic stacker working according to one of the above prototypes. In the claimed line of the frame with a brick from the intermediate roller table 3 are sent to the mechanisms of the automatic stacker of bricks on drying frames.

The drying frame 5 (figure 2) is a single structure consisting of a frame 6 with a base 7 rigidly fixed to it, consoles 8 and T-shaped racks 9. The consoles of the drying frame serve as shelves for laying frames on them with a brick in the required height number of tiers. T-shaped racks form the basis for installing the drying frames on top of each other (figure 3). This arrangement of drying frames in 2 floors simultaneously removes a one-sided load from the loaded frame, aligns the center of gravity and directs it along the axis of the frame frame. Thus, the capacity of dried in the same areas easily increases by 2 times compared to tunnel dryers with cantilever trolleys. At the same time, the advantages of high chamber dryers in terms of capacity are preserved due to the possibility of installing frames in 2 floors, and the need to install metal structures and rail tracks inside the dryers, as on prototype lines, is eliminated.

For the convenience of describing the operation of the line with drying frames, here we consider the option of laying 3 frames with a brick on each cantilever shelf with a total number of 15 frames stacked on the frame. Since most multi-line cutting machines operate with a cut of a measured beam of 10-14 bricks, we take the average value of the number of stacked bricks on one frame - 12 pcs. Then the total number of bricks laid on a single drying frame will be: 15 frames on the frame × 12 pcs. brick on the frame = 180 pcs. brick (figure 5). With the usual one-time capacity of a 5-shelf drying trolley of 200 pcs. brick in the prototype (1) with an empty trolley weight of 187 kg, a drying frame with an estimated weight of 110 kg and a bearing capacity of 180 pcs. brick has a lower specific metal consumption, and manufacturing is much simpler, because it does not require the manufacture of wheelsets.

The principle of operation of a brick stacker for drying frames is inextricably linked with the design of the drying frame itself. The automatic stacker for clarity and convenience of description is presented here as a loader of 5-shelf frames with one-sided consoles.

The machine-stacker 4 of the drying frames (Fig. 4) consists of a transitional roller table 3.1., A step conveyor 10, a grouping conveyor 11, a lift 12, an automated control system and works as follows.

The direction of movement of the frames with brick at the transition from the intermediate roller table 3 to the mechanisms of the loader 4 changes from longitudinal to transverse with a longitudinal frame offset of 90 °. For this, a part of the intermediate roller table 3 is composed of a transitional roller table 3.1., Assembled from rollers with one-side flanges. The chain stepping conveyor 10 with emphasis mounted on its chains, pulls the frame with a brick from the smooth rollers of the transitional roller table 3.1. and takes them upon himself, and then picks up in the amount of 3 rows. In the next cycle, the drives of both conveyors are simultaneously turned on 3 frames with brick are transferred simultaneously from the step conveyor to the grouping conveyor 11, which assumes the initial position for transferring the frames with brick to the next shelf of the drying cage.

The empty drying frame is loaded onto the stacker 14 by simply installing it on the lifting table — the support legs 15 of the elevator 12, which are in the initial position at floor level. Hoisting mechanisms 16 of the elevator 12 secretly located below the floor.

Automatic stacker works as follows.

Frames with a brick from a section of an intermediate live roll 3.1. they are alternately reloaded onto the step conveyor 10, then 3 frames are grouped together on the conveyor 11. At the same time, the empty drying frame occupies the initial position on the legs 15 of the elevator 12 in readiness to receive a group of frames on their consoles 16 of the upper shelf. The elevator mechanism is switched on to raise the drying frame to a height of 250 mm, and when the latter moves up, the frames are removed from the grouping conveyor and lifted on the consoles of the upper shelf of the drying frame. After dialing another 3 pcs on the grouping conveyor frames with a brick, the next shelf of the frame is similarly loaded. After loading all 5 shelves of the drying frame with brick frames, the stacker drives up to the loaded drying frame, takes it to its forks, lowers it into the transport position and carries it to the next drying chamber. At the same time, an empty frame for loading is fed to the vacant space on the lift. On technological lines of greater power, to ensure uninterrupted operation of the line during the change of the drying frame, it is equipped with a second automatic stacker 12.1., Installed sequentially after the first. The line is switched to the operation of the second automatic stacker automatically by disconnecting the stop sensor in the area of the first loader, and the frames with a brick pass unhindered to the second automatic stacker. Automation of the operation of brick-laying machines on drying frames does not require the use of complex technical means and the automated control system for them, due to the above reasons, is much simpler than the lines used in the prototypes.

After transportation, the drying frames with bricks are installed in 2 floors (Fig. 6) inside the next drying chamber of the chamber dryer unit of the periodic type. The dimensions and capacity of a single drying chamber according to the number of lumps loaded at once are determined by the capacity of the brick production line itself. The design of the drying chamber is extremely simplified due to the absence of the need for equipment inside it of both rail tracks and metal structures for installing frames with bricks on them. The dried brick on the drying frames with the same stacker is reloaded into the zone of forming packages of the charge for subsequent batch burning of brick in kilns of one of the known designs. The movement path of the stacker (Fig. 7) with drying frames inside the production line is shown in Fig. 1.

Information sources

1. Zolotarsky A.V., Sheinman E.Sh. Ceramic brick production. M .: Higher school, 1989, 264 pp.

2. Operation manual for automatic brick stacker SMK-127A. Manufacturer: Simferopol Machine-Building Plant, Ukraine.

2. Automated brick production line with chamber drying technology from Keller HCW, Germany. Address of the representative office of Keller HCW in Moscow, ul. Khutorskaya, 38A, p. 26. Company website www.keller-hcw.ru. The electronic address of the representative office in Moscow ristl@keller-hcw.ru

Claims (1)

A technological line for molding and drying plastic molding ceramic bricks, containing a sequentially installed belt press, a multi-string cutting machine, a brick and dryer stacker, characterized in that in order to reduce the area for its placement, reduce the number of machines and mechanisms used, reduce the metal consumption of the line, it is supplied with drying frames with T-shaped racks and an automatic stacker for laying frames on a drying frame with a brick consisting of a transitional roller table , a step conveyor, a grouping conveyor and a hoist with paws, and on the technological line the drying frames with bricks are transported to the dryer in stackers on a smooth floor, and they are installed inside the drying chamber in 2 tiers in height on the T-shaped racks of the drying frames themselves.

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