RU2572834C2 - Transformer manufacturing method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to electrical engineering, to manufacturing of transformers. During manufacturing steel strips are made for assembly of the core and stacked over each other in a pack. Windings are wound with outputs for primary and secondary windings. The windings are mounted at the core pack made of strips. The strips are bended enveloping the mounted windings with their stacking onto each other. Ends of each strip are connected and fixed thus completing assembly of the core and manufacturing of the transformer. At core assembly the pack is stacked with distribution of plates into two units containing M subpacks with M≥2. Each subpack is made of N strips with N≥1 of similar width. Width of strips in various subpacks for the same unit is different. Strips of the biggest width are placed into the pack middle during formation of the pack and subpack. The strips are placed onto each other thus forming the pack and subpack with their width reduced in direction from the pack middle to its edge. Units are formed of strips with cross-section symmetrical in regard to the axis passing through the pack centre and parallel to strip surface. In result the core pack with stepped cross-section is received, close in its shape to ellipse or sphere. Length of each strip in the pack and their placement in regard to each other in longitudinal direction is selected so that windings in the core envelope the core densely. Toe-to-toe connection of strips is considered with localization in regard to connection of ends of the adjacent strips in different places. Winding of primary and secondary windings and their mounting in the core pack is made simultaneously. The wire is wound with tension and effect of hoop stress in regard to the core pack.

EFFECT: reduced stray inductance, resistance, improved heat removal from inner rows of winding, reduced noise level.

19 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to electrical engineering, in particular to the manufacture of power low-voltage transformers, transformers for distribution networks, high-voltage transformers, and can be used in their manufacture.

A known method of manufacturing a transformer ("Mass radio library." Issue 176. Podyapolsky AN How to wind a transformer. Gosenergoizdat, 1953, pp. 4-11), which consists in the following. The core is assembled from sets of rectangular plates of the same size, forming it with a rectangular cross-section. According to the size of the core (magnetic core), formed in the form of a set of split plates or plates with a core core cut-out, a transformer frame is made. Insulating strips are prepared for the rows of turns of the windings and the windings themselves, as well as lead-out conductors and insulating elements for them. The windings are wound on the frame using a wire with enamel insulation of the PE or PEL brand, coil to coil, using previously prepared insulating gaskets. Before winding, the lead-out conductor connected by soldering to the winding wire or the end of the winding wire is attached, in particular, to the sleeve of the frame, after winding the last row of windings, the winding wire is cut off and, after stripping, is connected to the tinned tip of the lead-out conductor and fastened. After completing the winding of the transformer, proceed to the assembly of the core, installing windings on it. The core plates are assembled without a gap, in the overlap (alternately, then on the one hand, then on the other hand) or end-to-end, and in order to prevent damage to the core sleeve or winding with the sharp edge of the middle core when filling the frame with the plates, insert and bend a protective strip of soft steel, when assembling the core from plates with a core cut, an auxiliary guide plate is used. The frame window is filled with as many plates as possible. The magnetic circuit after assembly is pulled together.

The disadvantages of the analogue of the method of manufacturing a transformer include the lack of opportunities to reduce the leakage inductance and resistance, improve heat dissipation from the inner rows of the coil and reduce noise.

These disadvantages, in particular, are due to the use of winding coils (windings) on the frame, and then installing coils (windings) together with the frame on the core. The impossibility of reducing the scattering inductance is due to the fact that the above operations do not allow the most efficient filling of the core window, as well as the design of the latter. The frame is necessary to isolate the windings from the core. However, the frame takes up space in the core window. The transformer core is assembled from stamped sheets of the same size, W-shaped with right angles. The presence of corner zones provides additional losses. It should also be noted that the core has a rectangular cross-section, and the turns of the winding formed on the frame perform a rectangular configuration. This geometric factor determines the high value of the leakage inductance, without providing the opportunity to obtain its lower value. In addition, the same circumstance leads to high resistance, preventing it from reaching a lower value.

The frame window is filled with plates individually. After filling the windows produce constriction of the core. In this case, the likelihood of uneven and insufficient contraction cannot be ruled out, in particular this applies to the portion of the core on which the windings are installed.

In addition, for winding windings use a wire with enamel insulation, for example, brand PE or PEL. Winding with such a wire is carried out in a gentle mode, the wire is laid round to round with some slight tension, maintaining the angle of tension, avoiding damage to the insulation coating. The wire is wound on a frame, which is necessary not only to isolate the windings from the core, but also to keep them in order. The frame is made of durable, shape-holding material - thick cardboard, fiber, getinaksa, textolite. The windings together with the frame are installed on the core, which, as indicated, is tightened after installation. Moreover, in relation to the core and the windings installed on it, there is no interaction that would improve the heat removal from the inner rows of the coil and would prevent the oscillatory movement of the plates and, thus, ensure noise reduction. Vibration or vibration of plates is an indispensable attribute of transformers.

We also note the following. In addition, round or rectangular copper wires with high-strength enamel insulation are used for windings, in particular, PEV and PETVP brands, in some cases wires with combined insulation are used: enamel-silk (PESHO, PEShD) and enamel-cotton (PEBO, PEBD ) Such insulation increases the electrical strength of the windings, but reduces the fill factor of the core window. Window fill factor shows how much of the window area is occupied by pure copper winding wires, without insulation. Since, in addition to the insulation of the wires, the coil has interlayer and inter-winding insulation, all these types of insulation occupy a significant part of the window area, and the window fill factor with copper is small.

A known method of manufacturing a transformer (http://tehnoinfo.ru/tehnolog/elektro/74-2011-01-12-09-58-32.html), which consists in the fact that they make a frame for winding coils (windings), containing four walls and two flanges with windows (cheeks), then coils are wound on the frame with the conclusions being made, first primary, then secondary, for the assembly of the core, steel strips of rectangular shape, of the same width, providing a rectangular cross section of the core, are laid (laid) stripes in a packet on each other, which are pulled together for tight run of the strips one to the other, then install coils (windings) on the core package from the strips, inserting the packet into the hole of the frame, the ends of the strips when forming the packet are shifted to different lengths with the possibility of their joining in different places, half of the strips are bent to one side, and the other half to the other, bending around the installed windings and keeping them stacking on each other, the ends of each strip are connected and fixed, ending with the assembly of the core, the entire core is pulled together with copper or soft iron wire and the ends are twisted.

The coil winding frame is made of textolite or getinax 2 mm thick consisting of two narrow walls, two wide walls and two flanges, in the latter there are windows 41 mm wide, into which a packet of strips is subsequently inserted. Cut out and cut the indicated parts of the frame. On one of the flanges, holes are made for the terminals of the primary coil. On the other flange are openings for the leads of the secondary coil. Then carry out the assembly of the frame parts.

The finished frame is installed on the machine for winding coils and produce winding. The winding is carried out in regular rows so that the coil is tight. The primary coil is wound first. Before winding, the wire is folded in the form of a loop with a length of about 200 mm. A loop end of about 35 mm in length is brought out through an opening in the flange. The loop is designed to strengthen the output end of the coil and protect it from breaking. At the beginning of the loop, strip the insulation of the wire and twist both wires. If one wire breaks during the operation of the transformer, the other will serve to pass current through the coil. When winding, carried out, as indicated, in rows, the wire is moved along the frame in one direction or the other. At the end of the winding of the primary coil, loop again and through the hole in the flange lead out the end of the coil. An insulating pad is made to prevent the connection of the turns of the primary and secondary coils. Spool the secondary coil. The conclusions from the secondary coil are performed by one wire and output through the holes of the opposite flange relative to the conclusions of the primary coil. When winding the secondary coil, it is possible to output in the form of a loop after winding 2/3 of all turns, followed by winding the remaining turns without breaking the wire.

For a core package, strips of steel 40 mm wide and a length allowing round the frame are cut. The edges of the strips are treated to eliminate sharp burrs in order to prevent a short circuit between the strips. The strips are insulated by covering them with a thin layer of varnish or drying oil. The strips are folded into a bag with a thickness of 20 mm, wrapped with insulating tape or strong threads for a snug fit of the strips to one another and insert the bag into the hole of the frame.

A twisted core has significant advantages over a core assembled from rectangular plates. It has only one joint in each turn, thanks to thin steel, the energy loss in it is negligible, and it is easy to perform. Such cores are used in manufactured low-power factory transformers, where they are wound on thin-sheet steel machines.

The disadvantages of the transformer manufacturing method chosen as the closest analogue include the lack of possibilities to reduce the leakage inductance and resistance, improve heat removal from the internal rows of the coil and reduce noise.

These shortcomings, in particular, are due to the winding of coils (windings) on the frame and the subsequent installation of coils (windings) on the core together with the frame. The inability to reduce the scattering inductance is due to the fact that the above operations do not allow the most efficient filling of the core window. The frame is necessary to isolate the windings from the core. However, the frame takes up space in the core window. It should also be noted that the core has a rectangular cross-section, and the turns of the winding formed on the frame perform a rectangular configuration. This geometric factor determines the high value of the leakage inductance, without providing the opportunity to achieve its lower value. In addition, the same circumstance leads to high resistance, preventing the achievement of its lower value.

In the manufacture of the transformer, a package of strips pre-strapped with electrical tape or thread is inserted into the frame window to prevent it from collapsing. In the final, after filling the window and connecting the ends of the core strips to each other, the entire core is pulled together with wire. It should be noted that there is a probability of uneven and insufficient contraction, in particular, of the core section on which the windings are installed on the frame.

The frame on which the wire is wound during the manufacture of the windings is necessary not only to isolate the windings from the core, but also to keep them in order. The frame in the considered method is made of durable, form-holding material - getinax, textolite. The windings together with the frame are installed on the core, which, as indicated, is tightened after installation. Moreover, with respect to the core and the windings installed on it, there is no interaction that would improve the heat removal from the inner rows of the coil and would prevent the oscillatory movement of the core strips and, thus, provide noise reduction. Oscillation or vibration of the core plates (strips) is an indispensable attribute of transformers.

The following should be noted. When using round or rectangular copper wires with high-strength enamel insulation for windings, in particular, PEV, PETVP brands, they can use wires with combined insulation: with enamel-silk (PESHO, PESHD) and with enamel-cotton (PEBO, PEBD). Such insulation increases the electrical strength of the windings, but reduces the fill factor of the core window. The fill factor of the window shows how much of the window area is occupied by pure copper winding wires without insulation. Since, in addition to the insulation of the wires, the coil has interlayer and inter-winding insulation, all these types of insulation occupy a significant part of the window area, and the window fill factor with copper is small.

The technical result is:

- decrease in leakage inductance;

- decrease in resistance;

- improvement of heat removal from the inner rows of the winding;

- noise reduction.

An additional benefit is the ease of automation of transformer assembly.

The technical result is achieved in a method for manufacturing a transformer, which consists in performing steel strips for assembling the core, stacking them in a bag on top of each other, winding the windings with the conclusions being made - primary and secondary, installing the windings on the core package from the strips, bending the strips, bending around the installed windings and keeping them stacking on top of each other, the ends of each of the strips are connected and fixed, ending with the assembly of the core; when assembling the core, the package is laid with the distribution of plates into two blocks containing M subpackets with M≥2, each subpacket is made of N strips with N≥1 of the same width, the width of the strips of different subpackages of the same block is different, the stripes of the greatest width are laid in the middle when the block and subpacket are formed of the packet and stack the strips on top of each other, forming a block and subpackages, subject to a decrease in their width in the direction from the middle of the packet to its edge, ensuring the formation of stripes of blocks with cross sections symmetrical with respect to the axis passing through the center of the packet and the parallel on the surface of the strips, receiving a packet of a core with a stepped cross-sectional shape approaching an ellipse or a circle in shape, the length of each of the strips in the packet and their arrangement relative to each other in the longitudinal direction when forming the packet is selected with the possibility of ensuring a tight envelope around the windings installed on it , with the possibility of connecting the ends of the strips butt-to-butt, with localization relative to the joints of the ends of the nearest adjacent strips in different places, the winding of the windings - primary and secondary - and their installation on the core package is carried out simultaneously, winding the wire relative to the core package, the wire is wound with tension and with the possibility of exerting a tensile force on the core.

In the method, the execution of steel strips is carried out in a rectangular shape using transformer sheet steel with a thickness of 0.3 mm.

In the method, when assembling the core, the package is laid with the distribution of plates into two blocks containing M subpackets with M≥2, each subpacket is made of N strips with N≥1 of the same width, the width of the strips of different subpackages of the same block is different, the packing the stripes of the greatest width during the formation of the block and subpacket are made in the middle of the packet and the strips are stacked on top of each other, forming the block and subpackages, observing the reduction of their width in the direction from the middle of the packet to its edge, ensuring the formation of stripes of blocks across sections symmetrical with respect to the axis passing through the center of the packet and parallel to the surface of the strips, obtaining a packet of a core with a step-shaped cross section approaching an ellipse or a circle in the figure, and the length of each of the strips in the packet is chosen different, with the possibility of bending strips in relation to the entire package in one direction, and observing the selection condition - with the possibility of providing a tight envelope with the core of the windings installed on it, with the possibility of connecting the ends los joint to joint, with respect to the localization of the compounds of the ends of nearest neighboring bands at different locations.

In the method, when assembling the core, the stacking is carried out with the distribution of plates on two blocks containing M subpackets with M = 25, each subpacket is made of N strips with N = 3 of the same width, the width of the strips of different subpackages of the same block is different, the width stripes on a block vary from 12.6 mm to 46.0 mm, laying of strips of the greatest width when forming a block and a subpackage is carried out in the middle of the package and the strips are stacked on top of each other, forming a block and subpackages, subject to a decrease in their width in the direction from the middle of the package to its edge, obes baking the formation of strips of blocks with cross sections symmetrical with respect to the axis passing through the center of the packet and parallel to the surface of the strips, obtaining a packet of a core with a cross-section of a stepped shape approaching an ellipse or a circle in the figure, when manufacturing a core in a packet, blocks are formed that are identical not only in in relation to the width of the stacked strips, but also in relation to their lengths and the orientation of the strips relative to each other in the block in the longitudinal direction, observing the main condition - the length of each of the strips in a packet and their location relative to each other in the longitudinal direction when forming the package is selected with the possibility of providing a tight envelope with the core of the windings installed on it, with the possibility of connecting the ends of the strips butt-to-butt, with localization relative to the joints of the ends of the nearest adjacent strips in different places, the length of the strips along the block varies from 212.3 mm to 349.4 mm, upon completion of the core assembly, the strips are bent, keeping them stacking on each other, in opposite directions along the blocks.

In the method, after winding and installing windings on the core package, the ends of each of the strips are connected and fixed, ending with the assembly of the core by an external bandage using a transformer tape that is welded by resistance welding.

In the method, the windings of the windings - primary and secondary - are produced with the location of the secondary winding on the wound primary winding.

In the method, before winding and simultaneously installing the windings, the core package is fixed to maintain the strip laying order.

In the method, the first row is wound at a predetermined winding angle α, during the transition to the winding of each subsequent row of turns, the wire is deformed in two planes, in a plane perpendicular to the winding axis, the wire is bent in the direction from the wound row, in a plane parallel to the winding axis, the wire bend by a value that provides winding at an angle greater than the angle of winding directly from the previous row.

In the method, when winding the windings, a wire is used in which from the side of the surface of the core package — the surface of an ellipse or a circle as a figure, which is close to the cross-section of the stepped shape of the core package onto which the winding is carried out, the opposite sides are plane-parallel, when passing to the winding of each subsequent row of turns the wire is deformed in two planes, in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the winding, the wire is bent in the direction from the wound row, reaching the amount of bending to the thickness of the wire yes, in a plane parallel to the winding axis, the wire is bent by an amount that ensures winding at an angle greater than the winding angle of the previous row, namely equal to the value of the doubled winding angle of the previous row.

In the method, when moving to the next row of turns, the wire is deformed, thinning it by 10 ÷ 20 microns and laying with an insulating material, using mica pieces as an insulating material.

In the method, the wire is wound tightly to the coil, pulling the wire up to the yield strength of the wire material.

In the method, the winding angle α for the first row is taken α = arctan (a / L _p ), where L _p is the length of the perimeter of the surface of the ellipse or circle as a figure, which is close to the cross section of the stepped shape of the core package, which is wound, and is the width wires as the size in the cross section of the wire in a direction parallel to the surface of the ellipse or circle as a figure, which is approached by a cross section of a stepped shape of the core package, which is wound.

In the method, when winding, a wire of valve metal is used, aluminum, for the primary winding - an aluminum wire with a cross section of 2.3 × 1.4 mm ² , for the secondary winding - an aluminum wire with a cross section of 7.5 × 2.2 mm ² , use a wire with ceramic insulation, and ceramic insulation obtained by microarc oxidation, 370 turns are wound in the primary winding, 65 turns in the secondary.

In the method, after winding is carried out, in order to improve the thermal conductivity of the windings, the impregnation is carried out: in an electrically insulating varnish - polyimide or silazane, or in an inorganic solution - a solution of polyphosphates, or in a solution of liquid glass with sodium hexafluorosilicate, or in a melt of electrical insulating substances - low-melting glasses or cirizine.

In the method, winding is carried out in an electrolyte, producing additional oxidation and restoring possible winding violations of a pre-formed insulation coating.

In the method, winding is carried out: in an electrically insulating varnish - polyimide or silazane, or in an inorganic solution - a solution of polyphosphates, or in a solution of water glass with sodium hexafluorosilicate, or in a melt of electrical insulation substances - low-melting glasses or cirizine.

The essence of the technical solution is illustrated by the following description and the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 schematically shows a longitudinal view of the core package - a) and its cross section - b) in the case of a core package containing 10 subpackets (M = 10) in each block, and in each subpacket 1 strip (N = 1 )

Figure 2 schematically shows a core with primary and secondary coils put on it.

Figure 3 schematically shows a transformer in an assembly in which half of the strips are bent in one direction and the other half in the other.

Figure 1 shows Table 1, illustrating the completeness and dimensions of strips for assembling a core with a stepped cross-sectional shape approaching a circle approaching in practice in the manufacture of a transformer, the completeness is shown with respect to one block for the case of manufacturing the blocks the same as with respect to the width used strips, and in relation to their length, as well as the orientation of the plates relative to each other.

In the manufacture of a transformer, as a rule, a preliminary calculation of the number of turns and determination of the core geometry necessary to achieve a given inductance are carried out. When realizing the achievement of a given inductance, two extreme cases can be distinguished: firstly, the use of a small number of turns and a large core, and secondly, a large number of turns and a small core. Accordingly, in the first case, a transformer with a high efficiency and high cost is obtained, in the second case, with a low efficiency and low cost. Note, as long as there is an uncertainty about the permissible power losses, the choice of core is arbitrary. Determining the allowable loss determines the specific design of the transformer.

In the case of an ideal transformer, the magnetic flux generated by the primary winding is completely absorbed by the secondary winding without loss. In real transformers, there are losses. Basically, these losses are divided into losses due to the core of the transformer, and losses associated with ohmic losses in the wire and windings (coils) of the transformer. In addition, there may be losses due to the presence of spurious inter-turn and inter-winding capacities, which are relevant in radio frequency transformers.

Dissipation inductance is the inductance corresponding to the loss in the flux of the primary winding coupled to the entire secondary winding. The magnitude of the leakage inductance depends on the design of the transformer (Barkan V.F. “Radio receiving devices.” Ed. 4, 1972, 576 p., P. 64). The type of transformer core (AA Kulikovsky, “A Handbook of Radio Electronics”, Vol. 1, 1967, 640 p., P. 513), the relative position of the windings, their partitioning, and the winding methods have a significant influence on the magnitude of the scattering inductance.

The magnetic flux generated by the primary winding is concentrated in the core and connects the primary and secondary windings. Magnetic flux closes in two different ways. Firstly, through the core, with the concentration of most of the magnetic flux in it. This part of the magnetic flux generated by the primary winding is closed by the secondary. Secondly, bypassing the core, through the window of the core, as a result of its insufficiently effective filling. This part of the magnetic flux generated by the primary winding is not closed by the secondary winding. Thus, losses of the magnetic flux generated by the primary winding — scattering inductance — occur.

In the above prior art and the indicated reasons hindering the achievement of the technical result, it was noted that the installation of the windings on the core together with the frame, the insulation of the wires, interlayer and winding insulation are factors that affect the efficiency of filling the window of the core. These factors lead to the occurrence of scattering inductance, as they lead to losses in the magnetic flux generated by the primary winding. The fill factor of the window shows how much of the window is occupied by the directly conductive material of the winding wires. The larger the area occupied by the conductive material of the wires, the smaller the loss of magnetic flux and the smaller the magnitude of the inductance of scattering. Therefore, to reduce the latter, it is necessary to increase the efficiency of filling the core window. For these purposes, the proposed manufacturing method uses the following. Frameless winding and installation of windings. Winding the windings - primary and secondary - and installing them on the core package is carried out simultaneously, winding the wire relative to the core package. Moreover, the wire is wound with tension and with the possibility of exerting a pulling force on the core. In addition, when making the core from strips of transformer steel, the length of each of the strips in the core package and their location relative to each other in the longitudinal direction when forming the package is selected with the possibility of providing a tight envelope with the core of the windings installed on it. At the same time, for each strip, the length is calculated individually, with the possibility of connecting the ends of the strips butt-to-butt, without a gap, and also takes into account the condition of localization of the joints of the ends of the nearest adjacent bands in different places. This is done to reduce magnetoresistance and prevent loss.

In addition to solving the problem of reducing the leakage inductance by increasing the fill factor of the core window, this problem is also solved by optimizing the geometric parameters. As noted, in the presented analogues cores with a rectangular cross-section are used, and coils of windings are wound with the same shape. In the proposed method, the core is characterized by a cross-section of a stepped shape, approaching the figure to an ellipse or circle (see Figure 1), and the wound coils on it are rounded. This provides a decrease in the leakage inductance for the following reasons.

The scattering inductance depends on the size (q) of the transformer, the square of the ratio of the number of turns in the windings (N ² ), the geometrical parameter (k) of the transformer, so _{Lpacification} ~ qN ² k. The geometric parameter (k) depends on the type and design of the core and its characteristics, on the design and manufacturing technology of the windings. On the other hand, the inductance when the coil is located on the core is determined by the expression L = µ _o µqN ² / l, in which µ _o is the magnetic constant, µ is the relative magnetic permeability of the core, N is the number of turns, S is the cross-sectional area of the core with µ »1 , l is the length of the coil. So, based on the above expressions, comparing a core characterized by a rectangular cross-section, in particular a square (in the extreme case) with a side size of 2R, in the well-known analogue and a step-shaped core in a figure close to a circle (in the extreme case) with a diameter of 2R - in the proposed solution, assuming that all parameters are equal, except for the geometric parameter (k), it can be seen that the scattering inductance in the case of a core with a square cross section will be greater than in the case of a round section, since in the latter case, the value of S is less. With regard to the turns, it can be seen that the wire on the round coil is longer than on the round coil. Accordingly, the resistance in the case of the core, which is collected in the proposed method, will be less. The same reasoning will take place in the case of a rectangular section for a known solution and, accordingly, a section of a stepped shape in a figure close to an ellipse for the proposed solution.

The elimination of the reasons that impede the achievement of the technical result in terms of improving the heat sink from the inner rows of the coil and reducing the noise level is ensured by the following.

In the proposed manufacturing method, as already indicated, frameless winding and installation of windings with wire winding relative to the core package are used. In this case, the wire is wound with tension and with the possibility of exerting a pulling force on the core. This embodiment, without using a frame and with tension, leads to an improvement in heat removal from the inner rows of the coil, since thermal contact is improved.

Winding the wire onto the core package with tension and with the possibility of exerting a pulling force on the core provides noise reduction. Responsible for the occurrence of transformer noise is the phenomenon of magnetostriction. If the sheet of electrical steel, which is used in the manufacture of the core, is affected by a magnetic field, the sheet will bend by itself. When the influence of the magnetic field ceases, the sheet will return to its original state. The magnetic system of the transformer is excited by the flow of alternating current, respectively, the sheets (plates, strips) of the core are subjected to tension and compression when exposed to a magnetic field. Stretching and compression are not simultaneous, but act on the sheet sequentially. The core is composed of a large number of strips (plates, sheets) of transformer steel. Although the deformations are very insignificant in the real measurement and cannot be detected with the naked eye, they lead to the occurrence of vibrations and, as a result, noise. The pulling force of the wound wire relative to the core prevents the vibrational movement of the transformer steel strips and thus reduces the noise of the transformer.

Thus, taking into account the foregoing causal relationship of the set of essential features and the specified technical result in the generalized case of the method that ensures the achievement of the technical result, it includes the following steps.

At the first stage, the core package is formed. This stage is initial for both core assembly and transformer fabrication. To assemble the core, it is first necessary to form a packet. It is performed by a set of steel strips (see Figure 1). The stripes are stacked on top of each other. Packing is carried out with the distribution of the plates into two blocks containing M subpackets with M≥2. Each subpacket is made of N bands with N≥1 of the same width. Different subpackets of a particular block are formed from stripes of width individual for a given subpacket. The bands of the greatest width during the formation of the block and subpacket are placed in the middle of the packet (see Fig. 1b)). The strips are stacked on top of each other, forming each block and subpackages in blocks, subject to a decrease in their width in the direction from the middle of the packet to its edge (see Fig. 1b), the bottom and top of the packet in the drawing). This ensures the formation of strips of blocks with cross sections symmetrical with respect to the axis passing through the center of the packet and parallel to the surface of the strips (horizontal axis, as shown in Fig.1b)). Moreover, the polo laying is carried out in such a way that a packet of a core is obtained with a cross-section of a stepped shape approaching the figure to an ellipse or a circle (see Fig. 1b)). The length of each of the strips in the package and their location relative to each other in the longitudinal direction (see Fig. 1a)) when forming the package is selected with the possibility of providing a tight envelope with the core of the windings installed on it (see Fig. 2 and 3). The length of each strip is calculated individually. In this case, to form a packet, take into account the possibility of connecting the ends of the strips butt-to-butt, with localization relative to the joints of the ends of the nearest adjacent strips in different places (see Figure 3).

After receiving the core package, the windings are wound with the conclusions being made - primary and secondary, the windings are installed on the core package from the strips (see Figure 2). This is the second stage. At this stage of the manufacture of the transformer, the windings are simultaneously wound and installed on the package. The wire is wound relative to the core package, with tension and with the possibility of exerting a tensile force on the core.

At the final stage of manufacture of the transformer complete the Assembly of the core (see Figure 3). The stripes of the core package are bent around the installed windings and keeping them stacked on top of each other. The ends of each of the strips are connected and fixed, ending with the assembly of the core.

When performing the above steps of the method in particular cases, carry out the following.

Steel strips are made of transformer sheet steel with a thickness of 0.3 mm.

When assembling the core, the stacking of the bag is carried out to obtain a core bag with a step-shaped cross section, approaching an ellipse or a circle in the figure, in which the length of each of the strips in the bag is chosen different, with the possibility of folding the strips with respect to the whole bag in one direction upon completion of the core manufacturing . In the same way as in the general case, the selection condition is observed - with the possibility of providing a tight envelope with the core of the windings installed on it, with the possibility of connecting the ends of the strips butt-to-butt, with localization relative to the joints of the ends of the nearest neighboring strips in different places. In this particular case, the formation of strips of blocks with cross sections symmetrical with respect to the axis passing through the center of the packet and the parallel surface of the strips is ensured, while the blocks have only the same cross sections (the blocks are the same only with respect to the widths of the strips used when assembling the core packet). Regarding the lengths of the strips, their orientation relative to each other - the blocks are different.

When assembling the core, the stacking of the bag is carried out to obtain a core bag with a step-shaped cross-section, approaching the figure to an ellipse or a circle, in which, when manufacturing the core, blocks are formed in the bag that are identical not only with respect to the width of the laid strips, but also with respect to their lengths and the orientation of the strips relative to each other in the block in the longitudinal direction. At the same time, as in the general case, the main condition is met - the length of each of the strips in the package and their location relative to each other in the longitudinal direction when forming the package is selected with the possibility of providing a tight envelope with the core of the windings installed on it, with the possibility of connecting the ends of the strips a joint with localization relative to the joints of the ends of the nearest adjacent bands in different places. When the core assembly is completed, the strips are bent, keeping them stacked on each other, in opposite directions along the blocks.

After the core package is formed, before winding and installing the windings, the core package is fixed to maintain the order of laying the strips and their location relative to each other. Fixation is carried out by installing the package in a holder that repeats the shape of a folded package, or by means of a tightening collar that also repeats the shape of a folded package. Several layers of a polyimide or polyethylene terephthalic film 50 μm thick are wound on the core or artificial mica in the form of a film 50 μm thick is used. To prevent the film from being pressed through by the sharp edges of the core pack plates, the faces are ground or a high-temperature heat-conducting compound is used to smooth the step shape of the core, smoothing the transition from step to step.

The windings of the windings - primary and secondary - are produced with the location of the secondary winding on the wound primary winding.

The first row is wound at a predetermined winding angle α. When passing to the winding of each subsequent row of turns, the wire is deformed in two planes. In a plane perpendicular to the axis of the winding, the wire is bent in the direction from the wound row. In a plane parallel to the axis of winding, the wire is bent by an amount that ensures winding at an angle greater than the angle of winding directly from the previous row. The winding angle α for the first row is taken α = arctan (a / L _p ), where L _p is the length of the perimeter of the surface of the ellipse or circle as a figure, which is close to the cross section of the stepped shape of the core package, which is wound, and the wire width as the size in the cross section of the wire in a direction parallel to the surface of the ellipse or circle as a figure, to which the cross section of the stepped shape of the core package, which is wound, is close. If the core package is assembled in such a way that its step-shaped cross-section is close to a circle in the figure, then the winding angle α for the first row is determined by the diameter (radius) of this circle and the width of the wire, for example, wires with a rectangular cross-section with a size along its side, lying on the surface of the specified circle, as α = arctan (a / 2πR), where a is the width of the wire, R is the radius of the circle.

When winding the windings, a wire is used in which the opposite sides are plane-parallel from the side of the surface of the core package — the surface of an ellipse or a circle as a figure, to which the cross section is close to the stepped shape of the core package that is being wound. When passing to the winding of each subsequent row of turns, the wire is deformed in two planes. In a plane perpendicular to the axis of the winding, the wire is bent in the direction from the wound row, reaching the amount of bending to the thickness of the wire. In a plane parallel to the axis of winding, the wire is bent by an amount that ensures winding at an angle greater than the angle of winding of the previous row. For example, equal to the value of the doubled winding angle of the previous row. When moving to the next row of turns, the wire is deformed, thinning it by 10–20 μm and laying with insulating material, using mica pieces as an insulating material. The implementation of the specified deformation during the transition to the winding of each subsequent row prevents the possibility of electrical breakdown of the winding.

The wire is wound tightly to the coil, pulling the wire up to the yield strength of the wire material.

When winding, a wire of valve metal, aluminum is used. For the primary winding - an aluminum wire with a cross section of 2.3 × 1.4 mm ² , for the secondary winding - an aluminum wire with a cross section of 7.5 × 2.2 mm ² . Use a wire with ceramic insulation. Ceramic wire insulation obtained by microarc oxidation. 370 turns are wound in the primary winding, 65 turns in the secondary.

Ceramic insulation obtained by microarc oxidation does not flow from pressure over time. The tension of the wire during winding not only provides a decrease in the temperature of the internal turns at maximum loads, but also additionally increases the resistance of the windings to electrical breakdown in extreme operating conditions.

Winding is carried out in an electrolyte, producing additional oxidation and restoring possible winding violations of a pre-formed insulation coating. In addition, in another embodiment, winding is carried out: in an electrically insulating varnish - polyimide or silazane, or in an inorganic solution - a solution of polyphosphates, or in a solution of water glass with sodium hexafluorosilicate, or in a melt of electrical insulation substances - low-melting glass or cirizin.

Winding can be performed using various media depending on the operating conditions of the transformer being manufactured.

In particular, winding can be performed in a conventional atmosphere. This winding is used in the absence of special requirements for moisture protection, with requirements for maintaining temperatures up to melting and resistance to radiation exposure.

Winding can be performed in a normal atmosphere, followed by impregnation, as described below. This post-winding treatment further improves the thermal conductivity of the winding. Impregnation, improving thermal conductivity, providing intensive cooling, contributes to the fact that large current densities can pass through the winding at extreme temperatures.

As indicated above, winding can be carried out in an electrolyte. Due to the additional oxidation, possible violations of the insulation coating of the wire are restored during winding. It is used in the absence of special requirements for moisture protection, with requirements for maintaining temperatures up to melting and resistance to radiation exposure. After winding, the windings are washed and dried.

In addition, as indicated above, the winding can be carried out in an electrical insulating varnish, or in an inorganic solution, or in a solution of water glass, or in a melt of electrical insulating substances. Such winding is used in cases with special requirements for moisture resistance, but in the absence of requirements for radiation resistance.

After winding, in order to improve the thermal conductivity of the windings, the impregnation is carried out: in an electrical insulating varnish - polyimide or silazane, or in an inorganic solution - a solution of polyphosphates, or in a solution of liquid glass with sodium hexafluorosilicate, or in a melt of electrical insulating substances - low-melting glass or cirizine.

After winding and installing windings on the core package, carrying out the above additional procedures, if necessary, the ends of each of the strips are connected and fixed, ending with the assembly of the core. In this case, an external bandage is carried out using a transformer tape, which is welded by resistance welding.

As information confirming the possibility of implementing the method with the achievement of a technical result, we give the following implementation examples.

Example 1

The core package is formed. It is performed by a set of steel strips (see Table 1). The execution of the steel strips is carried out in a rectangular shape using transformer sheet steel with a thickness of 0.3 mm. The stripes are stacked on top of each other. Packing is carried out with the distribution of the plates into two blocks containing M subpackets with M≥2, M = 25. Each subpacket is made of N bands with N> 1, N = 3 of the same width. Different subpackets of a particular block are formed from stripes of width individual for a given subpacket. The width of the bands varies from 12.6 mm to 46.0 mm (see Table 1). The strips of the greatest width - 46.0 mm when forming the block and subpacket are placed in the middle of the package. The strips are stacked on top of each other, forming each block and subpackages in blocks, subject to a decrease in their width in the direction from the middle of the packet to its edge. In the extreme subpackages, the band width is 12.6 mm. This ensures the formation of strips of blocks with cross sections symmetrical with respect to the axis passing through the center of the packet and parallel to the surface of the strips. Moreover, the laying of the strips is carried out in such a way that they receive a package of the core with a cross-section of a stepped shape, approaching the figure to a circle. Its radius is 46 mm. The length of each of the strips in the package and their location relative to each other in the longitudinal direction during the formation of the package is chosen with the possibility of ensuring a tight envelope with the core of the windings installed on it. The length of each strip is calculated individually. In this case, to form a packet, take into account the possibility of connecting the ends of the strips butt-to-butt, with localization relative to the joints of the ends of the nearest adjacent strips in different places. The length of the strips for each block varies from 212.3 mm to 349.4 mm (see Table 1).

After the core package is formed, before winding and simultaneously installing the windings, the core package is fixed to maintain the order of laying the strips, their location relative to each other.

The windings are made with the conclusion made - primary and secondary, the windings are installed on the core package from the strips, and the windings are simultaneously wound and installed on the package. The wire is wound relative to the core package with tension and with the possibility of exerting a tensile force on the core. The windings of the windings - primary and secondary - are produced with the location of the secondary winding on the wound primary winding. The winding of the first row is carried out at a given winding angle α, during the transition to the winding of each subsequent row of turns, the wire is deformed in two planes. In a plane perpendicular to the axis of the winding, the wire is bent in the direction from the wound row. In a plane parallel to the axis of winding, the wire is bent by an amount that ensures winding at an angle greater than the angle of winding directly from the previous row. The primary winding angle α for the first row is taken α = arctan (a / L _p ), where L _p is the length of the perimeter of the surface of the circle as a figure close to the cross section of the stepped shape of the core packet to be wound (L _p = 2πR = 30.06 mm), and - the width of the wire as the size in the cross section of the wire in a direction parallel to the surface of the ellipse or circle as a figure, which is close to the cross section of the stepped shape of the core package, which is wound (a = 2.3 mm), α = 4.3754 °. When winding, a wire is used in which, from the side of the surface of the core packet — the surface of the circle as a figure, to which the cross section is close to the stepped shape of the core packet to be wound, the opposite sides are plane-parallel. When passing to the winding of each subsequent row of turns, the wire is deformed in two planes. In a plane perpendicular to the axis of the winding, the wire is bent in the direction from the wound row, reaching the amount of bending to the thickness of the wire. In a plane parallel to the axis of winding, the wire is bent by an amount that ensures winding at an angle greater than the angle of winding of the previous row. So, equal to the value of the doubled winding angle of the previous row. When moving to the next row of turns, the wire is deformed, thinning it by 16 microns and laying with insulating material, pieces of mica. When winding, a wire of valve metal, aluminum is used. For the primary winding - an aluminum wire with a cross section of 2.3 × 1.4 mm ² , for the secondary winding - an aluminum wire with a cross section of 7.5 × 2.2 mm ² . Use a wire with ceramic insulation. Ceramic wire insulation obtained by microarc oxidation. 370 turns are wound in the primary winding, 65 turns in the secondary. The wire is wound tightly tightly to the coil, tensioning the wire up to the yield strength of the wire material - aluminum. Carry out winding in the electrolyte, producing additional oxidation and restoring possible winding violations of a pre-formed insulation coating. As an electrolyte for winding, an electrolyte containing KOH in an amount of 4 g / L and liquid glass (Na ₂ O · 3SiO ₂ ) in an amount of 25 g / L are used.

Complete the manufacture of the transformer by the end of the core assembly. The stripes of the core package are bent around the installed windings and keeping them stacked on top of each other. The ends of each of the strips are connected and fixed, ending with the assembly of the core. The stripes bend in opposite directions in blocks. An external bandage is carried out using a transformer tape, which is welded by resistance welding.

Example 2

The core package is formed. It is performed by a set of steel strips (see Table 1). The execution of the steel strips is carried out in a rectangular shape using transformer sheet steel with a thickness of 0.3 mm. The stripes are stacked on top of each other. Packing is carried out with the distribution of the plates into two blocks containing M subpackets with M≥2, M = 25. Each subpacket is made of N bands with N≥1, N = 3 of the same width. Different subpackets of a particular block are formed from stripes of width individual for a given subpacket. The width of the bands varies from 12.6 mm to 46.0 mm (see Table 1). The strips of the greatest width - 46.0 mm when forming the block and subpacket are placed in the middle of the package. The strips are stacked on top of each other, forming each block and subpackages in blocks, subject to a decrease in their width in the direction from the middle of the packet to its edge. In the extreme subpackages, the band width is 12.6 mm. This ensures the formation of strips of blocks with cross sections symmetrical with respect to the axis passing through the center of the packet and parallel to the surface of the strips. Moreover, the laying of the strips is carried out in such a way that they receive a package of the core with a cross-section of a stepped shape, approaching the figure to a circle. Its radius is 46 mm. The length of each of the strips in the package and their location relative to each other in the longitudinal direction during the formation of the package is selected with the possibility of providing a tight envelope with the core of the windings installed on it. The length of each strip is calculated individually. In this case, to form a packet, take into account the possibility of connecting the ends of the strips butt-to-butt, with localization relative to the joints of the ends of the nearest adjacent strips in different places. The length of the strips for each block varies from 212.3 mm to 349.4 mm (see Table 1).

After the core package is formed, before winding and simultaneously installing the windings, the core package is fixed in order to preserve the strip laying order and their location relative to each other.

The windings are made with the conclusion made - primary and secondary, the windings are installed on the core package from the strips, and the windings are simultaneously wound and installed on the package. The wire is wound relative to the core package with tension and with the possibility of exerting a tensile force on the core. The windings of the windings - primary and secondary - are produced with the location of the secondary winding on the wound primary winding. The winding of the first row is carried out at a given winding angle α, during the transition to the winding of each subsequent row of turns, the wire is deformed in two planes. In a plane perpendicular to the axis of the winding, the wire is bent in the direction from the wound row. In a plane parallel to the axis of winding, the wire is bent by an amount that ensures winding at an angle greater than the angle of winding directly from the previous row. The primary winding angle α for the first row is taken α = arctan (a / L _p ), where L _p is the length of the perimeter of the surface of the circle as a figure close to the cross section of the stepped shape of the core packet to be wound (L _p = 2πR = 30.06 mm), and - the width of the wire as the size in the cross section of the wire in a direction parallel to the surface of the ellipse or circle as a figure, which is close to the cross section of the stepped shape of the core package, which is wound (a = 2.3 mm), α = 4.3754 °. When winding, a wire is used in which, from the side of the surface of the core packet — the surface of the circle as a figure, to which the cross section is close to the stepped shape of the core packet to be wound, the opposite sides are plane-parallel. When passing to the winding of each subsequent row of turns, the wire is deformed in two planes. In a plane perpendicular to the axis of the winding, the wire is bent in the direction from the wound row, reaching the amount of bending to the thickness of the wire. In a plane parallel to the axis of winding, the wire is bent by an amount that ensures winding at an angle greater than the angle of winding of the previous row. So, equal to the value of the doubled winding angle of the previous row. When moving to the next row of turns, the wire is deformed, thinning it by 10 microns and laying with insulating material, pieces of mica. When winding, a wire of valve metal, aluminum is used. For the primary winding - an aluminum wire with a cross section of 2.3 × 1.4 mm ² , for × secondary winding - an aluminum wire with a cross section of 7.5 × 2.2 mm ² . Use a wire with ceramic insulation. Ceramic wire insulation obtained by microarc oxidation. 370 turns are wound in the primary winding, 65 turns in the secondary. The wire is wound tightly tightly to the coil, tensioning the wire up to the yield strength of the wire material - aluminum. Winding is carried out in an electrical insulating varnish - polyimide, grade AD9103PS.

Complete the manufacture of the transformer by the end of the core assembly. The stripes of the core package are bent around the installed windings and keeping them stacked on top of each other. The ends of each of the strips are connected and fixed, ending with the assembly of the core. The stripes bend in opposite directions in blocks. An external bandage is carried out using a transformer tape, which is welded by resistance welding.

Example 3

The core package is formed. It is performed by a set of steel strips (see Table 1). The execution of the steel strips is carried out in a rectangular shape using transformer sheet steel with a thickness of 0.3 mm. The stripes are stacked on top of each other. Packing is carried out with the distribution of the plates into two blocks containing M subpackets with M≥2, M = 25. Each subpacket is made of N bands with N≥1, N = 3 of the same width. Different subpackets of a particular block are formed from stripes of width individual for a given subpacket. The width of the bands varies from 12.6 mm to 46.0 mm (see Table 1). The strips of the greatest width - 46.0 mm when forming the block and subpacket are placed in the middle of the package. The strips are stacked on top of each other, forming each block and subpackages in blocks, subject to a decrease in their width in the direction from the middle of the packet to its edge. In the extreme subpackages, the band width is 12.6 mm. This ensures the formation of strips of blocks with cross sections symmetrical with respect to the axis passing through the center of the packet and parallel to the surface of the strips. Moreover, the laying of the strips is carried out in such a way that they receive a package of the core with a cross-section of a stepped shape, approaching the figure to a circle. Its radius is 46 mm. The length of each of the strips in the package and their location relative to each other in the longitudinal direction during the formation of the package is selected with the possibility of providing a tight envelope with the core of the windings installed on it. The length of each strip is calculated individually. In this case, to form a packet, take into account the possibility of connecting the ends of the strips butt-to-butt, with localization relative to the joints of the ends of the nearest adjacent strips in different places. The length of the strips for each block varies from 212.3 mm to 349.4 mm (see Table 1).

After the core package is formed, before winding and simultaneously installing the windings, the core package is fixed in order to preserve the strip laying order and their location relative to each other.

The windings are made with the conclusion made - primary and secondary, the windings are installed on the core package from the strips, and the windings are simultaneously wound and installed on the package. The wire is wound relative to the core package with tension and with the possibility of exerting a tensile force on the core. The windings of the windings - primary and secondary - are produced with the location of the secondary winding on the wound primary winding. The winding of the first row is carried out at a given winding angle α, during the transition to the winding of each subsequent row of turns, the wire is deformed in two planes. In a plane perpendicular to the axis of the winding, the wire is bent in the direction from the wound row. In a plane parallel to the axis of winding, the wire is bent by an amount that ensures winding at an angle greater than the angle of winding directly from the previous row. The primary winding angle α for the first row is taken α = arctan (a / L _p ), where L _p is the length of the perimeter of the surface of the circle as a figure close to the cross section of the stepped shape of the core packet to be wound (L _p = 2πR = 30.06 mm), and - the width of the wire as the size in the cross section of the wire in a direction parallel to the surface of the ellipse or circle as a figure, which is close to the cross section of the stepped shape of the core package, which is wound (a = 2.3 mm), α = 4.3754 °. When winding, a wire is used in which, from the side of the surface of the core packet — the surface of the circle as a figure, to which the cross section is close to the stepped shape of the core packet to be wound, the opposite sides are plane-parallel. When passing to the winding of each subsequent row of turns, the wire is deformed in two planes. In a plane perpendicular to the axis of the winding, the wire is bent in the direction from the wound row, reaching the amount of bending to the thickness of the wire. In a plane parallel to the axis of winding, the wire is bent by an amount that ensures winding at an angle greater than the angle of winding of the previous row. So, equal to the value of the doubled winding angle of the previous row. When moving to the next row of turns, the wire is deformed, thinning it by 20 microns and laying with insulating material, pieces of mica. When winding, a wire of valve metal, aluminum is used. For the primary winding - an aluminum wire with a cross section of 2.3 × 1.4 mm ² , for the secondary winding - an aluminum wire with a cross section of 7.5 × 2.2 mm ² . Use a wire with ceramic insulation. Ceramic wire insulation obtained by microarc oxidation. 370 turns are wound in the primary winding, 65 turns in the secondary. The wire is wound tightly tightly to the coil, tensioning the wire up to the yield strength of the wire material - aluminum. Winding is carried out in a normal atmosphere in air with subsequent low-vacuum (forevacuum level) impregnation in an insulating varnish - silazanov, grade MSN 7-80.

Complete the manufacture of the transformer by the end of the core assembly. The stripes of the core package are bent around the installed windings and keeping them stacked on top of each other. The ends of each of the strips are connected and fixed, ending with the assembly of the core. The stripes bend in opposite directions in blocks. An external bandage is carried out using a transformer tape, which is welded by resistance welding.

Claims (19)

1. A method of manufacturing a transformer, which consists in the fact that they perform steel strips for assembling the core, stack them in a bag on top of each other, make windings with the conclusions being made - primary and secondary, install the windings on the core package from the strips, bend the bends around the installed the windings and keeping their styling, the ends of each of the strips are connected and fixed, ending with the assembly of the core, characterized in that when assembling the core the stacking of the packet is carried out with the distribution of strips into two blocks containing M s packs with M≥2, each subpacket is made of N strips with N≥1 of the same width, the width of the strips of different subpackages of the same block is different, the stripes of the greatest width are laid in the middle of the packet when the block and subpacket are formed and the strips are stacked on top of each other , forming a block and subpackages, subject to a decrease in their width in the direction from the middle of the packet to its edge, ensuring the formation of blocks of strips with cross sections symmetrical with respect to the axis passing through the center of the packet and parallel to the surface of the strips, learning the package of the core with a stepped cross-sectional shape approaching an ellipse or a circle in shape, the length of each of the strips in the package and their location relative to each other in the longitudinal direction when forming the package is selected with the possibility of providing a tight envelope around the core of the windings installed on it, with the possibility of connection the ends of the strips butt to butt, with the connection localized relative to the joints of the ends of the nearest adjacent strips in different places, the wire is wound with tension and with the possibility of core of pulling force. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the steel strips are rectangular in shape using transformer sheet steel with a thickness of 0.3 mm. 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that when assembling the core, the stacking of the package is carried out with the distribution of strips into two blocks containing M subpackets with M≥2, with each subpacket made up of N bands, the length of each of the strips in the packet choose different, with the possibility of completion of the core core folding of the strips in relation to the entire package in one direction. 4. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that when assembling the core the stacking of the package is carried out with the distribution of strips into two blocks containing M subpackets with M≥2, with each subpacket consisting of N bands, with the number of subpackets M = 25, the number of strips in each subpacket is N = 3, the width of the strips of different subpackages of the same block is from 12.6 mm to 46.0 mm, the blocks form the same not only in terms of the width of the laid strips, but also in terms of their length and orientation of the strips relative to each other in the block in the longitudinal direction, the length of the strips along b locks vary from 212.3 mm to 349.4 mm; at the completion of core assembly, the bands are bent, keeping their styling in opposite directions along the blocks. 5. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that after winding and installing on the package of the core of the windings, the ends of each of the strips are connected and fixed, ending with the assembly of the core by an external bandage using a transformer tape that is welded by resistance welding. 6. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the winding of the windings - primary and secondary - is performed with the location of the secondary winding on the wound primary winding. 7. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the winding of the windings - primary and secondary - and their installation on the core package is carried out simultaneously, winding the wire relative to the core package. 8. The method according to p. 7, characterized in that before the winding and simultaneous installation of the windings, the core package is fixed to maintain the order of laying of the strips. 9. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the first row is wound at a predetermined winding angle α, during the transition to the winding of each subsequent row of turns, the wire is deformed in two planes, in a plane perpendicular to the winding axis, the wire is bent in the direction from the wound row, in a plane parallel to the axis of the winding, the wire is bent by an amount that ensures winding at an angle greater than the angle of winding directly from the previous row. 10. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that when winding the windings, use a wire in which from the side of the surface of the core package is the surface of an ellipse or circle as a figure, which is close to the cross section of the stepped shape of the core package, which is wound, opposite sides are plane parallel. 11. The method according to p. 9, characterized in that upon transition to the winding of each subsequent row of turns, the wire is deformed in two planes, in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the winding, the wire is bent in the direction from the wound row, reaching the amount of bending to the thickness of the wire, plane parallel to the axis of winding, the wire is bent by an amount that ensures winding at an angle greater than the angle of winding of the previous row, namely equal to the value of the doubled winding angle of the previous row. 12. The method according to p. 9, characterized in that upon transition to the winding of each subsequent row of turns, the wire is deformed in two planes, in a plane perpendicular to the winding axis, the wire is bent in the direction from the wound row, in a plane parallel to the winding axis, the wire they are bent by a value that ensures winding at an angle greater than the winding angle of the immediately preceding row, while it is thinned by 10–20 μm and the insulating material is laid using pieces of mica. 13. The method according to p. 11, characterized in that upon transition to the winding of each subsequent row of turns, the wire is deformed in two planes, in a plane perpendicular to the winding axis, the wire is bent in the direction from the wound row, in a plane parallel to the winding axis, the wire bend by a value that ensures winding at an angle greater than the angle of winding of the immediately preceding row, equal to the value of the doubled winding angle of the previous row, while it is thinned by 10 ÷ 20 μm and the insulation is laid using zuya pieces of mica 14. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the wire is wound tightly tightly to the coil, tensioning the wire until the yield point of the wire material is reached. 15. The method according to p. 9, characterized in that the winding angle α for the first row is taken α = arctan (a / L _p ), where L _p is the length of the perimeter of the surface of the ellipse or circle as a figure, which is close to the cross section of the stepped shape of the package core, which is wound, and - the width of the wire as the size in the cross section of the wire in a direction parallel to the surface of the ellipse or circle as a figure, which is close to the cross section of the stepped shape of the core package, which is wound. 16. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that when winding using a wire from a metal of the valve group, aluminum, for the primary winding - an aluminum wire with a cross section of 2.3 × 1.4 mm ² , for the secondary winding - an aluminum wire with a cross section of 7.5 × 2.2 mm ² , a wire with ceramic insulation is used, and ceramic insulation is obtained by microarc oxidation, 370 turns are wound in the primary winding, 65 turns in the secondary. 17. The method according to p. 16, characterized in that after winding to improve the thermal conductivity of the windings, the impregnation is carried out: in an electrical insulating varnish - polyimide or silazane, or in an inorganic solution - a solution of polyphosphates, or in a solution of liquid glass with sodium hexafluorosilicate, or in a melt electrical insulating substances - low-melting glass or cirizin. 18. The method according to p. 16, characterized in that they carry out winding in the electrolyte, producing additional oxidation and restoring possible winding violations of a pre-formed insulation coating. 19. The method according to p. 16, characterized in that the winding is carried out: in an electrically insulating varnish - polyimide or silazane, or in an inorganic solution - a solution of polyphosphates, or in a solution of water glass with sodium hexafluorosilicate, or in a melt of electrical insulation substances - low-melting glass or cirizin .

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