RU2555466C2 - Method of bioencapsulation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to field of encapsulation, in particular to method of obtaining microcapsules of medications from cephalosporin group in human leukocyte interferon (β- or α-interferon) coat. In accordance to invention cephalosporin powder and E472c preparation are added to 1% water solution of human leukocyte interferon in α- or β-form and mixed until reaction mixture components dissolve. After formation of transparent solution butanol and acetone are added. Obtained suspension of microcapsules is filtered, washed and dried. Process of obtaining microcapsules is realised at 25°C for 15 min.

EFFECT: invention provides simplification and acceleration of process of obtaining microcapsules, reduction of loss in the process of their obtaining (increase of output by weight).

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Description

The invention relates to the field of bioencapsulation, in particular, to a method for producing microcapsules of drugs of the cephalosporin group in the α- and β-forms of human leukocetic interferon.

Previously known methods for producing microcapsules of drugs. So, in US Pat. 2092155, IPC A61K 047/02, A61K 009/16, published 10/10/1997, the Russian Federation proposed a method of microencapsulation of drugs based on the use of special equipment using ultraviolet radiation.

The disadvantages of this method are the duration of the process and the use of ultraviolet radiation, which can affect the process of formation of microcapsules.

In US Pat. 2095055, IPC A61K9 / 52, A61K 9/16, A61K 9/10, Russian Federation, published 10.11.1997, a method for producing solid non-porous microspheres, which includes the melting of a pharmaceutically inactive carrier substance, dispersion of the pharmaceutically active substance in a melt in an inert atmosphere, spraying the obtained dispersion in the form of fog in a freezing chamber under pressure in an inert atmosphere at a temperature of from -15 to -50 ° C and separating the resulting microspheres into fractions by size. A suspension intended for administration by parenteral injection contains an effective amount of said microspheres distributed in a pharmaceutically acceptable liquid vector, the pharmaceutically active substance of the microsphere being insoluble in said liquid medium.

The disadvantages of the proposed method: the complexity and duration of the process, the use of special equipment.

In US Pat. 2091071, IPC A61K 35/10, Russian Federation, published 09/27/1997, a method for producing the preparation by dispersion in a ball mill to obtain microcapsules is proposed.

The disadvantage of this method is the use of a ball mill, which can lead to the destruction of part of the microcapsules and ultimately to a decrease in the yield of the final product.

In US Pat. 2076765, IPC B01D 9/02, Russian Federation, published April 10, 1997. A method for producing dispersed particles of soluble compounds in microcapsules by crystallization from a solution is proposed, characterized in that the solution is dispersed in an inert matrix, cooled, and dispersed particles are obtained by changing the temperature.

The disadvantage of this method is the difficulty of execution: obtaining microcapsules by dispersion with subsequent change in temperature, which slows down the process.

In US Pat. 2101010, IPC A61K 9/52, A61K 9/50, A61K 9/22, A61K 9/20, A61K31 / 19, Russian Federation, published on 10.01.1998, a chewing form of the drug with a taste masking having the properties of a controlled release of the drug is proposed, It contains microcapsules 100-800 microns in diameter and consists of a pharmaceutical core with crystalline ibuprofen and a polymer coating that includes a plasticizer that is flexible enough to withstand chewing. The polymer coating is a methacrylic acid based copolymer.

The disadvantages of the invention: the use of a copolymer based on methacrylic acid, as these polymer coatings can cause cancerous tumors; obtaining microcapsules by suspension polymerization; complexity of execution; the duration of the process.

In US Pat. 2139046, IPC A61K 9/50, A61K 49/00, A61K 51/00, Russian Federation, published 10.10.1999, a method for producing microcapsules as follows. An oil-in-water emulsion is prepared from an organic solution containing dissolved mono-, di-, triglyceride, preferably tripalmitin or tristearin, and possibly a therapeutically active substance, and an aqueous solution containing a surfactant, optionally a portion of the solvent is evaporated, add the redispersing agent and the mixture are freeze dried. After freezing, the mixture is then redispersed in an aqueous carrier to separate the microcapsules from residues of organic matter, and the hemispherical or spherical microcapsules are dried.

The disadvantages of the proposed method are the complexity and duration of the process, the use of freeze-drying, which takes a lot of time and slows down the process of obtaining microcapsules.

In US Pat. 2159037, IPC A01N 25/28, A01N 25/30, Russian Federation, published November 20, 2000. A method for producing microcapsules by a polymerization reaction at the phase boundary containing a solid agrochemical material of 0.1-55 wt.% Suspended in an organic mixed with water liquid, 0.01-10 wt.% non-ionic dispersant, active at the phase boundary and not acting as an emulsifier.

The disadvantages of the proposed method: complexity, duration, the use of high shear mixer, obtaining microcapsules by the chemical polymerization method, technological complexity.

In US Pat. 2173140, IPC A61K 009/50, A61K 009/127, Russian Federation, published September 10, 2001. A method for producing silicon organolipid microcapsules using a rotary-cavitation unit with high shear forces and powerful sonar acoustic and ultrasonic dispersion ranges is proposed.

The disadvantages of the proposed method: complexity, duration, the use of high shear mixer.

In US Pat. 2359662, IPC A61K 009/56, A61J 003/07, B01J 013/02, A23L 001/00, published June 27, 2009. The Russian Federation proposes a method for producing microcapsules using spray cooling in a Niro spray cooling tower under the following conditions: inlet air temperature 10 ° C, outlet air temperature 28 ° C, spray drum rotation speed of 10,000 rpm. The microcapsules of the invention have improved stability and provide controlled and / or prolonged release of the active ingredient.

The disadvantages of the proposed method are the duration of the process and the use of special equipment, a set of certain conditions (air temperature at the inlet 10 ° C, air temperature at the outlet 28 ° C, rotation speed of the spray drum 10,000 rpm).

In US Pat. 20110223314, IPC B05D 7/00 20060101 B05D 007/00, B05C 3/02 20060101 B05C 003/02; B05C 11/00 20060101 B05C 011/00; B05D 1/18 20060101 B05D 001/18; B05D 3/02 20060101 B05D 003/02; B05D 3/06 20060101 B05D 003/06 dated 03/10/2011 US describes a method for producing microcapsules by suspension polymerization, which belongs to the group of chemical methods using a new device and ultraviolet radiation.

The disadvantage of this method is the complexity and duration of the process, the use of special equipment, the use of ultraviolet radiation.

In US Pat. WO / 2011/150138 US IPC C11D 3/37; B01J 13/08; C11D 17/00, published 01.12.2011 describes a method for producing solid microcapsules, water-soluble agents by polymerization.

The disadvantages of this method are the complexity of execution and the duration of the process.

In US Pat. WO / 2011/127030 US IPC A61K 8/11; B01J 2/00; B01J 13/06; C11D 3/37; C11D 3/39; C11D 17/00, published October 13, 2011, several methods for producing microcapsules are proposed: interfacial polymerization, thermally induced phase separation, spray drying, evaporation of the solvent, etc.

The disadvantages of the proposed methods are the complexity, duration of the processes, as well as the use of special equipment (filter (Albet, Dassel, Germany), a spray dryer for collecting particles (Spray-4M8 Dryer from ProCepT, Belgium)).

In US Pat. WO / 2011/104526 GB, IPC B01J 13/00; B01J 13/14; C09B 67/00; C09D 11/02, published September 1, 2011. A method for producing a dispersion of encapsulated solid particles in a liquid medium is proposed, including: a) grinding a composition comprising solid, liquid media and polyurethane dispersants with an acid number of 0.55 to 3.5 mmol per gram of dispersant , the specified composition includes from 5 to 40 parts of a polyurethane dispersant per 100 parts of solid, products, by weight; and b) crosslinking the polyurethane dispersant in the presence of a solid and liquid medium, since for the encapsulation of solid particles the polyurethane dispersant contains less than 10% by weight of repeating elements from polymer alcohols.

The disadvantages of the proposed method are the complexity and duration of the process for producing microcapsules, as well as the fact that the particles encapsulated by the proposed method are useful as dyes in ink, especially in inkjet inks, for the pharmaceutical industry this technique is not applicable.

B pat. WO / 2011/056935 US, IPC C11D 17/00; A61K 8/11; B01J 13/02; C11D 3/500, published 05/12/2011 describes a method for producing microcapsules with a size of 15 microns or more. Polymers of the group consisting of polyethylene, polyamides, polystyrenes, polyisoprenes, polycarbonates, polyesters, polyacrylates, polyureas, polyurethanes, polyolefins, polysaccharides, epoxies, vinyl polymers and mixtures thereof are proposed as a shell material. The proposed polymer shells are sufficiently impervious to core material and materials in an environment in which the agents are encapsulated, the benefit will be used to provide the benefits that will be obtained. The core of encapsulated agents may include perfumes, silicone oils, waxes, hydrocarbons, higher fatty acids, essential oils, lipids, skin cooling fluids, vitamins, sunscreens, antioxidants, glycerin, catalysts, bleaching particles, particles of silicon dioxide, etc.

The disadvantages of the proposed method are the complexity, duration of the process, the use as shells of microcapsules of polymers of synthetic origin and their mixtures.

The closest method is the method proposed in US Pat. 2134967, IPC A01N 53/00, A01N 25/28, published on 08.27.1999, Russian Federation (1999). A solution of a mixture of natural lipids and a pyrethroid insecticide in a weight ratio of 2-4: 1 in an organic solvent is dispersed in water, which simplifies the microencapsulation method.

The disadvantage of this method is dispersion in an aqueous medium, which makes the proposed method inapplicable for producing microcapsules of water-soluble preparations in water-soluble polymers.

The technical task is to simplify and accelerate the process of obtaining microcapsules of water-soluble drugs of the cephalosporin group in the α- and β-forms of human leukocetic interferon, to reduce losses in the preparation of microcapsules (increase in mass yield).

The solution of the technical problem is achieved by the bioencapsulation method, characterized in that the human leuko-acetal interferon in the α and β forms is used as the microcapsule shell when the microcapsules are obtained by the physicochemical precipitation with a non-solvent using two precipitators - butanol and acetone, the production process is carried out without special equipment .

A distinctive feature of the proposed method is the use as a shell of microcapsules of drugs of the cephalosporin group related to β-lactam antibiotics, human leuko-acetal interferon in α- and β-forms when they are obtained by the physicochemical method of precipitation with a non-solvent using butanol and acetone as precipitants.

The result of the proposed method is the preparation of microcapsules of drugs of the cephalosporin group related to β-lactam antibiotics in the α- and β-forms of human leuko-acetal interferon at 25 ° C for 15 minutes. The output of microcapsules is more than 90%.

EXAMPLE 1. Obtaining microcapsules of cefotaxime in interferon human leuko-acetal (β-interferon) using butanol and acetone as precipitants, the ratio of 3: 1

To 2.5 g of a 1% aqueous solution of interferon human leuko-acetal β-interferon) add 0.075 g of cefotaxime powder and 0.05 g of the preparation E472c as a surfactant. The resulting mixture is placed on a magnetic stirrer and include stirring. After dissolving the components of the reaction mixture until a clear solution forms, 1 ml of butanol as the first precipitant is slowly added dropwise very slowly and then 5 ml of acetone as the second. The resulting suspension of microcapsules is filtered on a 16-class pore filter, washed with acetone, dried in a desiccator over calcium chloride.

Received 0.095 g of a white powder.

EXAMPLE 2. Obtaining microcapsules of cefotaxime in interferon human leuko-acetal (α-interferon) using butanol and acetone as precipitants, the ratio of 3: 1

To 2 g of a 1% aqueous solution of human leukocetal interferon (α-interferon) add 0.060 g of cefatoxime powder and 0.05 g of the preparation E472c as a surfactant. The resulting mixture is placed on a magnetic stirrer and include stirring. After dissolving the components of the reaction mixture until a clear solution forms, 1 ml of butanol as the first precipitant is slowly added dropwise very slowly and then 5 ml of acetone as the second. The resulting suspension of microcapsules is filtered on a 16-class pore filter, washed with acetone, dried in a desiccator over calcium chloride.

Received 0,078 g of a white powder.

EXAMPLE 3. Obtaining microcapsules of ceftriaxone in interferon human leuko-acetal (β-interferon) using butanol and acetone as precipitants, the ratio of 3: 1

To 2.5 g of a 1% aqueous solution of human leukocetal interferon (β-interferon) add 0.075 g of ceftriaxone powder and 0.05 g of the preparation E472c as a surfactant. The resulting mixture is placed on a magnetic stirrer and include stirring. After dissolving the components of the reaction mixture until a clear solution forms, 1 ml of butanol as the first precipitant is slowly added dropwise very slowly and then 5 ml of acetone as the second. The resulting suspension of microcapsules is filtered on a 16-class pore filter, washed with acetone, dried in a desiccator over calcium chloride.

Received 0,097 g of a white powder.

EXAMPLE 4. Obtaining microcapsules of ceftriaxone in interferon human leuko-acetal (α-interferon) using butanol and acetone as precipitants, the ratio of 3: 1

To 2 g of a 1% aqueous solution of human leukocetal interferon (α-interferon) add 0.060 g of ceftriaxone powder and 0.05 g of the preparation E472c as a surfactant. The resulting mixture is placed on a magnetic stirrer and include stirring. After dissolving the components of the reaction mixture until a clear solution forms, 1 ml of butanol as the first precipitant is slowly added dropwise very slowly and then 5 ml of acetone as the second. The resulting suspension of microcapsules is filtered on a 16-class pore filter, washed with acetone, dried in a desiccator over calcium chloride.

Received 0.07 g of a white powder. The yield was 88%.

Microcapsules of drugs of the cephalosporin group in α- and β-forms of human leukocetal interferon were obtained. The process is simple to execute and lasts for 15 minutes, does not require special equipment.

It should be noted that the preparation of microcapsules of water-soluble preparations in water-soluble polymers is a particularly difficult task. To solve this problem, it is necessary to select a method for producing microcapsules. For microencapsulation, the physicochemical method was chosen due to the rapidity and ease of execution.

The proposed technique is suitable for the pharmaceutical industry due to the minimal losses, speed, ease of preparation and isolation of microcapsules of cephalosporins related to β-lactam antibiotics in the α- and β-forms of human leukocetal interferon.

Claims (1)

The method of bioencapsulation of drugs of the cephalosporin group, characterized in that 0.06 g or 0.075 g of cephalosporin powder and 0.05 g of E472c drug are added to 2 or 2.5 g of a 1% aqueous solution of human leukocyte interferon in the α or β form as a surfactant, the resulting mixture is stirred until the components of the reaction mixture are dissolved and after the formation of a clear solution, 1 ml of butanol as the first precipitant is slowly added dropwise and then 5 ml of acetone as the second of the precipitant, the resulting suspension of microcapsules is filtered off, washed with acetone and dried, while the entire process for producing microcapsules is carried out at a temperature of 25 ° C.