RU2493302C2 - Overlock sewing machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: textiles, paper.

SUBSTANCE: machine has advanced technological capabilities with automatic changeover to different types of chain and overcasting stitches. For the first time, the overlock sewing machine performs zigzag stitches not only of two-thread chain stitch, but three-thread (two-thread) overcasting having less consumption of thread in comparison with the four-thread overcasting stitch. The machine additionally comprises the units of regulation of the width of the stitch and switching off the upper moving knife in the mechanism of cutting the edge of the material. In the upper looper mechanism the unit of its switching off is provided by actuation of the solenoid and opening the kinematic link between the driven lever and the shaft of the upper looper mechanism. In the mechanism of movement of the material the unit regulating the rods in height is mounted, actuated by the stepper motor. The presser foot mechanism comprises a sensor of registration of the presser foot position in height, and the stepper motor with a cam for regulation of the pressing force of the material by the presser foot. In the machine an automatic adjustment of the machine to the rational parameters of operation is provided, the self-learning methods are used due to which the diagnostic system has the ability of self-correction of the settings, when changing the conditions of the material processing.

EFFECT: machine has a single computerised control system of its operation, enabling to simplify its operation with the expansion of its technological capabilities.

7 cl, 10 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering, in particular to the production of overcasting sewing machines that are used in the manufacture of sewing and knitwear in everyday life or in enterprises with single or small-scale production.

Known overcasting sewing machine described in US patent US 6973889 B2 in class. D05B 19/00, 2005, performing overcasting stitches and having on its platform a mounted main shaft with eccentrics that communicate movements: to the needle mechanism; a mechanism for promoting material with knots for adjusting the stitch length and differential value; mechanisms of the lower and upper loopers; looper mechanism involved in the formation of a double thread chain stitch. The machine contains a sensor for recording the angle of rotation of the main shaft, a control unit with a display, a storage device and stepper motors for changing the stitch length and changing the differential value when moving the rails.

When performing operations on the machine, to change the stitch length and the differential value according to a given program, a control unit with a display, a storage device and stepper motors of the material advancement mechanism are used, which allows forming overcasting lines with and without folds along the processed edge.

To switch the machine from one type of stitch to another, additional adjustments to the mechanisms are required. So, for example, when switching from overcasting stitch to sewing two-thread or three-thread stitches in overcasting machines, it is necessary to remove the upper looper blade in the upper looper mechanism and the needle in the needle holder and install the needle (s) in the multi-position needle holder.

This machine does not provide the execution of various types of finishing stitches from a zigzag double-thread chain stitch and zigzag overcasting stitches, and to switch the machine from a double-thread chain stitch to overcasting stitches and vice versa, it is necessary to remove or install the upper looper blade and turn off or on the upper movable knife. This complicates the operation of the machine and makes it not advisable to further expand the technological capabilities of the machine.

Also known overcasting sewing machine, presented in the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2078165 class. D05B 1/18, 1993, comprising those mounted in a housing with a platform and receiving movements from eccentrics mounted on the main shaft: a needle mechanism, a trimming mechanism for a material edge with a lower fixed knife and an upper movable knife, mechanisms of the upper and lower loopers, material moving mechanism, including knots for regulating the length of the stitch and the size of the differential, with levers-holders of racks, a mechanism for clamping the material and devices for feeding threads. The proposed technical solution allows to form both sewing and overcasting and overcasting stitches.

In the indicated technical solution, when switching from a two-thread overcasting stitch to a three-thread overcasting stitch or to another type of stitch, it is necessary to replace the needle in the multi-position needle holder and the upper looper with the position or position of the extender, thread the thread in the machine and adjust their tension. In the mechanism of material advancement, the adjustment of the stitch length and the differential value is carried out by changing the angular position of the adjustment disk and the lever, respectively. The pressure of the presser foot on the material is set by turning the adjusting screw in the mechanism of the presser foot. When changing the processed material, if necessary, adjustments must be made in the machine mechanisms: pressure of the presser foot, position of the rail in height, differential value, length and width of the stitch, and others.

Thus, this technical solution does not allow zigzag double-thread chain stitches and zigzag overcasting stitches, and when the machine goes from one type to another or when changing the processed material, it is necessary to make adjustments in the mechanisms.

Closest to the technical nature of the claimed technical solution is overcasting sewing machine, presented in published patent application US US 2002/0017227 A1 in class. D05B 1/08, D05B 1/06 or NKI 112/197. Overcasting sewing machine, performing overcasting and double-thread chain stitches, containing a needle holder with many needles for forming seams, making vertical reciprocating movements, a plurality of loopers, a transmitting needle needle mechanism reporting movement of the needle holder in the transverse direction with respect to material movement and vertical reciprocating needle holder movement. The machine also contains a mechanism for moving the material with knots for regulating the length of the stitch and the differential value. The material advancement mechanism includes stepper motors for adjusting the stitch length and differential value. The machine contains a control unit with a remote control, a storage device and a device for controlling mechanisms and has a needle transverse deflection unit in the needle mechanism, driven by a stepper motor and synchronized with the rack advancement mechanism to form various types of zigzag double-thread chain stitch using a needle and looper.

In the machine, in order to switch from processing one type of material to another, when changing the type of stitch, the type of stitch, the length of the stitch and the width of the zigzag stitch and some other parameters, the modes are adjusted by collecting the necessary data on the control panel or making additional adjustments to the mechanisms of the machine. Turning on or off the mechanisms of the upper looper and the drive of the upper knife is carried out, respectively, by installing or removing the looper blade and turning the holder of the upper knife. When preparing the machine for operation, it is necessary to conduct preliminary testing to perform various operations and to ensure a qualitative appearance of the line and the absence of failures in its operation.

The machine does not provide for the execution of a zigzag overcasting stitch having a lower consumption of needle thread in the stitch compared to a four-thread overcasting stitch. When changing the stitch type, the machine does not automatically shut off the upper knife and upper looper. When passing the thickenings in the seams in the machine, a synchronized change is not provided: the rotation frequency of the main shaft, the thread tension settings and the height of the rail.

Thus, the household overcasting sewing machine does not have the ability to make a zigzag overcasting stitch, and when other types of stitches are sewn, additional adjustment of the machine mechanisms is required, which complicates the process of its operation. This is especially inconvenient when operating overcasting machines with advanced technological capabilities, which can perform a wide variety of lines on a wide range of processed materials.

The invention aims to create such an overcasting sewing machine in which, with the expansion of technological capabilities to achieve high-quality and reliable implementation of its work process, no special knowledge, actions and skills in its operation are required. The use of new constructive devices, electronic equipment and information and methodological support for control and diagnostics in the machine allows expanding the technological capabilities of the overcasting sewing machine and eliminating the noted shortcomings, ensuring the quality and reliability of the formation of various types of sewing, finishing and overcasting stitches.

The desired result is achieved by the fact that in the body of the overcasting sewing machine that performs overcasting and double-thread chain stitches, needle mechanisms are installed with nodes of vertical and transverse deviations; a mechanism for trimming the edge of the material with the lower fixed knife and the upper movable knife, having nodes disconnecting the upper knife and adjusting the stitch width; a mechanism for moving the material with knots for regulating the length of the stitch, the differential and the position of the rods in height; presser foot mechanism; the mechanism of the lower looper, the mechanism of the upper looper with a knot to disable it in operation; double thread chain stitch looper mechanism and thread feeding mechanisms. Eccentrics are fixed on the main shaft of the machine, providing movement of the links of the machine mechanisms. To control the operation of machine mechanisms, a common control system is used, comprising a control unit with a remote control, a processor and a storage device, as well as information and methodological support.

Overcasting sewing machine contains in the mechanism of the needle, in addition to the node of its vertical movements, a node of lateral deviations. The node of lateral deviations of the needle includes a stepper motor, on the shaft of which a gear is installed, which engages with the gear sector. The toothed sector has a groove in which the link extends, and in it passes the rod, mounted on the upper guide. Moreover, to maintain the angle of inclination of the needle with respect to the loopers, at different positions in the formation of zigzag stitches, the frame with the needle bar has two guides and a drive from the wings with a gear sector. The stepper motor of the needle mechanism is included in the overall control system of the machine. The position of the needle (s) relative to the holes of the needle plate is set in accordance with the program of execution specified on the control panel type stitch. This allows you to accurately position the needle during the formation of a zigzag overcasting stitch, as well as when switching to the execution of other types of stitches.

The mechanism for trimming the edge of the material with the lower fixed knife and the upper movable knife has nodes: moving the upper knife, turning it off and adjusting the stitch width. To communicate movements to the upper movable knife, the mechanism contains an eccentric mounted on the main shaft, kinematically connected via a connecting rod with a two-arm lever-fork. An axis enters the groove of the lever-fork, on which a link is mounted between the arms of the lever-fork, and a slider is pivotally mounted at one of its ends. The slider passes in the guide, which is mounted on the shaft of the electromagnet of the knife shutdown unit. To turn off the upper movable knife, the axis, when the electromagnet shaft is rotated, has contact with the profile in the machine body, which leads to the displacement of the axis with the slider and the upper knife holder down and the axis being removed from the kinematic connection with the fork lever. When the axis leaves the groove of the lever-fork of the mechanism, the upper knife is turned off from work. The electromagnet of the shutdown unit of the upper movable knife is included in the general control system of the machine, which tells him the command to turn off or turn on the upper knife, according to the machine’s program of work.

The stitch width adjustment unit is designed to change the position of the lower knife and contains a stepper motor, which through the shaft, the gear transmission transfers the offset to the adjusting screw and holder with the lower knife. To ensure horizontal displacement, the adjustment screw is screwed into the sleeve nut fixed in the machine body. The rotation of the holder is eliminated by a transverse pin in the axis of the holder, passing in the guide of the machine body. The lower knife with the holder is pressed against the upper knife by a spring. In the needle plate to change the width of the stitch provides for the offset of the finger on the needle plate. The stepper motor of the lower knife position control unit is included in the general control system of the machine, which tells him the command to rotate its shaft according to the program of work set on the remote control.

The use in the mechanism of trimming the edge of the material with the lower fixed knife and the upper movable knife, the knot for adjusting the position of the lower knife with the needle plate finger and in the mechanism of the needle — the unit for lateral deflection of the needle allows you to adjust not only the width of the overcast stitch, but also the position of the double-thread chain stitch relative to the edge material. The formed zigzag overcasting stitch, in addition to the decorative finish of the processed edge of the material, allows you to replace the four-thread overcasting stitch with the achievement of saving thread consumption, because in a zigzag overcasting stitch, one needle thread is used instead of two in a four-thread overcasting stitch.

The mechanism of the lower looper, to simplify the design of the machine, contains a leading spatial four-link, common for communicating the lateral deviations of the loopers for the formation of stitches: double-thread chain and overcasting. The driven link of the four link is fixed to the shaft of the lower looper mechanism and is made with a two-arm, in which the driven shoulder reports lateral deviations to the looper of the chain stitch.

The mechanism of the upper looper contains an eccentric, a connecting rod, a driven lever, an axis, a front lever, a holder, and an upper looper. To turn off the upper looper, if only two-thread (types 401 or 404) or square-stitch (type 406) stitches are formed, it contains a shutdown unit. To disconnect the upper looper, an electromagnet is installed in the mechanism disconnection unit, which is connected to the rod and has a spring for fixing the upper looper with the rod in its lower position while opening the connection of the pin of the driven lever to the hole of the disk lever and the connection of the disk lever through the hole with the rod installed in the machine body. When the action of the electromagnet is turned off, the mechanism is activated under the action of a spring, which allows the lever-disk to disengage from the rod fixed in the machine body and establish a kinematic connection with the pin of the driven lever. The electromagnet of the upper looper mechanism is included in the overall machine operation control system. The inclusion (shutdown) in the operation of the electromagnet can be done when setting the type of stitch on the control panel.

The chain stitch looper mechanism has two nodes: transverse and longitudinal deviations. The lever of the lateral deviation unit of the looper receives movement from the two shoulders lever of the lower looper mechanism and is fixed to the shaft of the chain stitch looper mechanism. A looper holder is installed in front of the shaft. The looper longitudinal deflection assembly includes an eccentric, a connecting rod, a leash, and a shaft with a holder.

The material advancement mechanism contains the following nodes: longitudinal and vertical movements of the rails, regulation of the stitch length, regulation of the differential value and regulation of the position of the rails in height.

In the site for regulating the length of the stitch to ensure automatic regulation of the length of the stitch of the rails, a stepper motor is installed, which through the shaft, the gear transmission; a pusher, a two-armed lever changes the angular position of the guide with a slider passing in it. A change in the angular position of the slider with an axis in it kinematically connected with the cuff leads to a change in the direction of movement of the connecting rod and, as a result, the magnitude of the angular deviations of the drive arm of the longitudinal movement unit of the rods. The stepper motor of the stitch length control unit is included in the overall machine operation control system. Changing the angle of rotation of the stepper motor shaft can be done according to the program installed on the control panel of the machine. This change in the angle of rotation of the shaft can occur both when preparing the machine for operation, and in the mode of operation of the machine, because To fix the moment of exit of the needle from the material and the possibility of regulation, a sensor for recording the angle of rotation of the main shaft is installed in the machine.

The control unit of the differential value of the advance mechanism contains a stepper motor, a shaft with a gear, a guide rail and a link pivotally connected to the slider by an axis passing into the groove of the arcuate lever, which has a kinematic connection through the connecting link with the lever-holder of the additional rack. The gear sector extends into the housing guide. The stepper motor of the differential control unit is included in the overall machine control system. The necessary change in the angle of rotation of the stepper motor shaft is made according to the program installed on the control panel of the machine.

The node for regulating the magnitude of the vertical movements of the rails contains a stepper motor, the shaft of which has a knee, pivotally connected to the sliders included in the tail parts of the arm-holders. The stepper motor of the unit for regulating the magnitude of the vertical displacements of the rails is included in the overall control system of the machine. The necessary change in the angle of rotation of the stepper motor shaft is made according to the program installed on the control panel of the machine. Such a change in the angle of rotation of the shaft can occur automatically both when preparing the machine for operation, and in the machine’s operating mode according to a program that takes into account the thickness of the processed material and the moment of operation of the machine mechanisms.

The mechanism of the presser foot for automatically recording the measurement of the thickness of the processed material and the change in the pressing force of the material with the presser foot, contains a presser foot fixed to the shaft passing in the bushings and having a dressed leash on it which is kinematically connected to the sensor for detecting the position of the presser foot in height, a spring and a movable sleeve, changing its position from the rotation of the cam mounted on the shaft of the stepper motor. The amount of lifting of the presser foot registered by the sensor is transmitted to the overall control system of the machine, and the command generated in it is communicated to the stepper motor. The adjustment of the pressing force of the material can be done automatically, both when preparing the machine for operation, and when performing the operation.

The thread feeding mechanism contains thread feeders on movable links of the needle and looper mechanisms, and flow rate sensors are installed on the threading paths of the thread, consisting of a disk with holes passing between the light sensors. The thread covers a pulley rigidly mounted on a disk with holes. A disk with holes rotates freely on an axis passing in the bushings of the machine body. The thread tension is regulated in a regulator with graphite filler, the force of pressing the plates to each other is achieved by changing the voltage in the regulator. This regulation voltage is created in the machine operation control system in accordance with the inherent algorithm.

To prepare for work, diagnose and control the parameters of the machine, it uses a control system containing a control panel, a processor and a storage device, as part of a control unit that receives information from sensors recording the angle of rotation of the main shaft, the parameters of thread tension and flow rate, and position the height of the presser foot. The control unit issues the necessary commands to the executive electrical devices of the machine: electromagnets and stepper motors. The storage device contains control, diagnostics, and stitch programs embedded in the permanent and random access memory, and, using the embedded methodological information, receives the necessary information from the sensors, the control panel and the storage device, and reports the necessary commands to the control panel, in a removable flash - memory or connected diagnostic equipment, to the control unit and actuators of the machine: stepper motors and electromagnets. The machine has electromagnets for disconnecting the upper knife and the upper looper, adjusting the thread tension, stepper motors for adjusting the stitch length, differential value, stitch width and pressure of the presser foot. All electrical devices are connected to the electrical network through the power supply. The machine contains a built-in servomotor, which also receives commands from the control unit of the machine, and has the ability to stop the machine in the set needle position and adjust the shaft rotation speed according to the accepted algorithm and its work program.

The control panel has inputs for receiving information from external sources and for transmitting them. To store information about programs in the machine, a memory device (read-only memory) is used; it is possible to store information on a removable storage medium (flash memory).

When switching from one type of stitch to another in the machine, it is possible to change the needles (one or two), the upper looper to the extender (when a double-thread overcasting stitch is formed), automatically turn off the upper movable knife and upper looper and automatically change the adjustment parameters of the machine mechanisms in automatic mode .

The goal is achieved in that in order to expand the technological capabilities of the overcasting sewing machine and simplify its operation, it contains: needle mechanisms with nodes of vertical and transverse deviations; the mechanism of the upper looper with its shutdown unit; a mechanism for trimming the edge of the material with a lower fixed knife and an upper movable knife, with nodes for disconnecting the upper knife and adjusting the stitch width; a mechanism for moving the material with knots for regulating the length of the stitch, the differential and the position of the rods in height; a presser foot mechanism with a stepping motor for adjusting the pressing force; thread feeding mechanisms with sensors for recording thread consumption and devices for controlling the magnitude of their tension, as well as a machine control system including a control unit with a control panel, a processor and a storage device, sensors registering input quantities, and stepper motors and electromagnets.

The content of the claimed invention is illustrated by the following figures: figure 1 - kinematic diagram of the machine; figure 2 is a kinematic diagram of the node for regulating the width of the stitch in the mechanism of trimming the edges of the material; figure 3 - General view of the machine with the arrangement of sensors; 4 is a diagram of a machine control system; figure 5 - types of stitches; 6 - options for the location of the needles relative to the holes in the needle plate; Fig.7 - types of zigzag stitch; Fig is a block diagram of information and methodological support for the operation of the machine; Fig.9 is a sensor for recording the value of thread consumption and Fig.10 is a block diagram of the control parameters of the machine when changing the thickness of the processed materials.

Overcasting sewing machine (figure 1) includes the mechanism of the needle 1, made in the form of two nodes of vertical and lateral deviations of the needle 1. The needle 1 is fixed in the needle holder 2, in which four needles can be installed. Two positions of the needles 3 are intended for the formation of chain stitches, and the other two positions of the needles 1 are for the formation of sewing-sewing-stitching stitches. The needle holder 2 is mounted on the lower end of the needle bar 4, on which a lead 6 is fastened with a tightening screw 5. The lead 6 is pivotally connected to the link 7, the upper head of which is pivotally connected to the crank 8. The crank 8 is mounted on the upper shaft 9, passing in two bushings of the machine body. A thread take-up 10 is attached to the lead 6, and a thread take-up 11 is attached to the link. At the other end of the shaft 9, there are a lever 12 which is pivotally connected to the connecting rod 13. The lower head of the connecting rod 13 is mounted on the eccentric 14 of the needle mechanism. The eccentric 14 is mounted on the main shaft 15 of the machine.

The needle bar 4 of the needle mechanism passes in two bushings of the frame 16, which is articulated along the guides 17 and 18 with the machine body through the bushings 19 and 20. On the upper guide 18 there is an axis with a stone 21, which extends into the guide of the lever 22. The upper end of the lever 22 mounted pivotally in the machine body, and the lower one is pivotally connected to the rail-strip 23. The rail-strip 23 receives displacement from the gear pair "rail-strip 23 and gear 24" mounted on the shaft of the stepper motor 25. Position of the needle 1 (needles) relative to the holes of the needle pad ins determined by the angle of rotation of the shaft of the stepper motor 25, which is included in the overall operation of the machine control system.

The mechanism of the lower looper 26 comprises an eccentric 27 mounted on the main shaft 15 of the machine, a connecting rod 28, a two-arm lever 29, a shaft 30 and a holder 31 in which the lower looper 26 is mounted. The shaft 30 extends in two bushings installed in the machine body.

The mechanism of the upper looper 32 includes an eccentric 33 mounted on the main shaft 15, which is pivotally connected to the connecting rod 34, the driven lever 35 with a pin freely rotated on the axis 36. The lever disk 37 through the hole in it has kinematic connection with the pin of the driven lever 35. The lever disk 37 is made uniformly with the hollow shaft 38. The hollow shaft 38 with the lever disk 37 is worn on the axis 36 and passes in the sleeve of the machine body. At the end of the hollow shaft 38 protruding from the sleeve, a front lever 39 is planted, which is pivotally connected to the holder 40. The holder 40 passes through a link pivotally mounted in the machine body. In the holder 40, the upper looper 32 and the expander 41 are fixed. The hollow shaft 38 with the lever disk 37 also has an arcuate groove, which includes the rod of the electromagnet 42. The lever disk 37 is spring-loaded 43 to the follower lever 35 with a pin. To fix the upper looper 32 in its lowest position, there is a rod 44 fixed in the housing, which enters the hole on the disk lever 37 at the moment of operation of the electromagnet 42 and when the driven lever 35 is rotated with a pin. The fixation of the position of the upper looper 32 and its inclusion in the work occurs in a quasistatic mode of operation of the machine in preparation for its operation.

The looper mechanism 45 of the chain stitch has two nodes: transverse and longitudinal deviations. The lateral deviation unit of the looper 45 is kinematically connected with the two-arm lever 29 of the lower looper mechanism through the lever 46 of the shaft 47 of the mechanism. The second shoulder of the two shoulders of the lever 29 contains an elongated axis along which the hole of the lever 46 can be shifted. A holder 48 of the looper 45 is fixed at the front end of the shaft 47. The longitudinal deviation unit of the looper 45 contains an eccentric 49 mounted on the main shaft 15, a connecting rod 50, a leash 51, pivotally mounted on shaft 46.

The mechanism of the presser foot 52 consists of a presser foot 52 mounted on a rod 53, which extends into the bushings of the housing and has a leash 54 fixed to it. A spring 55 is pressed against the leash 54. On top of the spring 55 is a movable sleeve 56 that interacts with the cam 57 fixed on the shaft of the stepper motor 58. Using the cam lever 59, the presser foot 52 is lifted through the lead 54 and the thread tension in the regulators 60, 61, 62, 63, 64 and 65 is disconnected through the machine control system when the presser foot 52 is lifted. 53 in height are recorded by potentiometer 66, a sensor that records the height of the presser foot 52. The pressure of the material is pressed by the presser foot 52 due to the rotation of the shaft with cam 57 by the stepper motor 58 from a command coming from the machine operation control system.

The mechanism for moving the material with rails 67 and 68 contains nodes: longitudinal and vertical movements of the rails, regulation of the stitch length, regulation of the differential and regulation of the position of the rails in height. The unit of longitudinal (horizontal) movements of the rails 67 and 68 consists of an eccentric advance 69 installed on the main shaft 15, a sleeve 70, a connecting rod 71, pivotally connected to the drive lever 72, the advance shaft 73, the levers 74 and 75, the connecting links 76 and 77, levers-holders 78 and 79, as well as rails 67 and 68.

The vertical movement unit of the rails 67 and 68 of the material advancement mechanism consists of an eccentric 80, a cuff 81, which enters into the guide grooves of the holder arms 78 and 79. The remote ends of the holder arms 78 and 79 have guides into which the sliders 82 and 83 located on a shaft with an elbow 84 extending in a sleeve in the machine body.

The control unit of the rails 67 and 68 in height contains a stepper motor 85 with a shaft and elbow 84. Slides 82 and 83 are put on the shaft with elbow 84, which are included in the slots of the arm-holders 78 and 79 of the material advancement mechanism. The rotation of the shaft with the elbow 84 by the stepper motor 85 leads to a change in the height of the sliders 82 and 83, the rotation of the arm-levers 78 and 79 and the rails 67 and 68.

In the site for regulating the length of the stitch, there is an axis 86 with a slider 87 mounted on the front of the connecting rod 71, the link 88, pivotally mounted in the machine body and kinematically connected via a two-arm lever 89 and a gear sector 90 with a gear wheel 91 mounted on the shaft of the stepper motor 92 A stepper motor 92 is included in the overall machine control system.

The differential amount control unit in the material advancement mechanism comprises a stepper motor 93 with a shaft and gear 94, a guide rail 95 pivotally connected to a link 96 and an axis 97. On the axis 97 there is a slider 98 passing in the arcuate lever 75. The stepper motor 93 through the shaft and the gear 94 is shifted by the guide rail 95 and the slider 96 with the axis 97 and the slider 98 in the arcuate groove of the lever 75. When the axis 97 is shifted closer or further from the axis of the advance shaft 73, its horizontal movement during the operation of the mechanism changes, and thereforethe magnitude of the horizontal (longitudinal) movements of the auxiliary rail 68. The stepper motor 93 is connected to the machine operation control system.

The trimmer mechanism of the material with the upper movable knife 99 contains an eccentric 100, a connecting rod 101, a two-arm lever-fork 102, an axis 103 with a slider 104, a connecting link 105 and a holder 106 of the upper knife 99. To turn off the upper knife 99, the machine is equipped with an electromagnet 107, which has a link 108 on its stem, in which the mechanism slider 104 is located. In the machine body there is an arcuate groove 109, into which the axis 103 can enter when the knife 99 is turned off. The upper knife 99 is spring-loaded 110 to the lower knife 111. An electromagnet 107 is included in the machine operation control system.

In the mechanism of trimming the edge of the material, the stitch width adjustment unit consists of a holder 112 of the lower knife 111, in which the lower knife 111 is fixed, an adjusting screw 113 in connection with the nut-bush 113 about (figure 2), a gear pair 114 and 115 and a stepper motor 116. The driven gear The toothed pair 114 has a protrusion 114a extending in the longitudinal slot of the adjusting screw 113. The rotation of the driven gear 114 is transmitted through the protrusion 114d on it to the adjusting screw 113. The adjusting screw 113 is engaged with the nut-bush 113a fixed in the machine body. The rotation of the adjusting screw 113 in the nut-bush 113d leads to its horizontal displacement and its end part acts on the disk (protrusion 112a) of the axis of the holder 112 of the lower knife 111. On the axis of the holder 112 there is a transverse pin 1126 passing in the horizontal slot to eliminate its rotation in the car body. A finger 117 of a needle plate is mounted on the holder 112, which moves with it when adjusting the stitch width. The stepper motor 116 is connected to the control system and receives control commands from it.

The machine operation control system (FIGS. 3 and 4) comprises a control panel 118 connected to the processor and the control unit 119, which receive information from the angle sensors of the main shaft 120 (see FIGS. 1, 3), thread consumption 121, 122, 123, 124, 125 and 126, the height position 66 (potentiometer) of the presser foot, and has a connection with the thread tension electromagnets 60, 61, 62, 63, 64 and 65, the electromagnets 107 and 42 disconnecting the upper movable knife 99 and the upper looper 32 respectively, a stepper motor 58 for controlling the pressure force of the presser foot, a stepper motor 85 adjusting the rails in height, a stepping motor 92 for regulating the length of the stitch, a stepping motor 93 for regulating the differential value and a stepping motor 116 for adjusting the stitch width. To supply power to electrical devices from the mains, the machine has a power supply 127. The machine contains a built-in servomotor 128, which also receives commands through the control unit 119 from the control panel 118 of the machine. The control panel 118 contains inputs / outputs for receiving information from external sources and transmitting it to them. Pulley 129 is used to manually bring the needle to the desired position.

The machine can form with its automatic adjustment of technological adjustments: two-thread chain stitches (figa), containing thread 130 of needle 3a (fig.6a) and thread 131 of looper 45; three-thread sewn-and-stitch stitches (fig.5b), containing thread 132 of the needle 1, thread 133 of the upper looper 32 and thread 134 of the lower looper 26; combined stitches of a double thread chain stitch (with a thread 130 of a needle 3a and a thread 131 of a looper 45) and a three-thread overcasting stitch (Fig. 5c) with a thread 132 of a needle 1, a thread 133 of the upper looper 32 and a thread 134 of the lower looper 26; three-thread chain (ploskoshovny) stitches (fig.5g) with thread 130 of needle 3a, thread 131 of looper 45 and thread 135 of needle 3b (fig.6b); three-thread overcasting (Fig.5d) containing needle thread 132 and thread 133 and 134 loopers; double-thread overcasting stitches (Fig. 5e) stitches containing thread 132 of the needle 1 and thread 134 of the lower looper 26; combined stitches of a double thread chain stitch (with a thread 130 of a needle 3a and a thread 131 of a looper 45) and a three-thread overcasting stitch (Fig. 5ё) containing a needle thread 132 and a thread 133 and 134 of a looper; four-thread overcasting (fig.5zh, fig.5z, fig.5i, fig.5y and fig.5k) with threads 132 of needle 1 and 136 of needle 3, thread 133 of the upper looper 32 and thread 134 of the lower looper 26; as well as varieties of a two-thread zigzag chain stitch (Figs. 7a and 7b) with thread 130 of the needle 3a and thread 131 of the looper 45 and a zigzag overcasting stitch (Figs. 7c and 7g) with thread 132 of the needle 1 and thread 133 of the upper looper 32 and thread 134 of the lower looper 26.

The width b _{st404 of the double} - _stranded zigzag stitch is limited by the maximum allowable displacement b _{st406 of the} needles (positions 3a and 3b in FIG. 6b) during the formation of a three-strand chain stitch of type 406. The needle, when forming a double-thread zigzag chain stitch type 404 (figa), receives a deviation of R ₄₀₄ = 0 ... b _{st 406} . The width of the three-thread (two-thread) zigzag overcasting stitch b _{st ZKS is} limited by the fixed minimum Δ ₁ and maximum Δ ₂ values of the distances between the needles when forming a four-thread overcasting stitch, which corresponds to deviations R _ZKS = Δ ₁ ... Δ ₂ (Fig.7g) of the needle 1 ( positions 3 and 1 in Fig.7b) in total with the value of the width of the three-thread (two-thread) overcasting stitch b _st504min . The maximum value of the zigzag stitches is also limited by the value Δb of the permissible offset of the knife 111 equal to Δb = Δ ₂ -Δ ₁ . When setting the stitch width, a shift of 0≤Δb ⁽ⁱ⁾ ≤Δb of the knife 111 with the finger 117 of the needle plate occurs by the desired amount of stitch width:

- for two-thread zigzag

b _{st 404 max} = 0, ..., R ₄₀₄ , ... b _{st 406}

- for zigzag overcasting

b _{ct ZKS max} = (b _ct504min + Δ ₁ ), ... (b _ct504min + Δb ⁽ⁱ⁾ + Δ ₁ ), ... (b _ct504min + Δ ₂ ) or

b _{ct ZKS max} = b _ct504min + R _ZKS ,

where b _{st 504 min} - the minimum width of the stitch 504 type.

Information and methodological support of the machine (Fig. 8) contains the following modules: information about materials 137, programs 138 and their processing modes 139 and 140, methods and algorithms for troubleshooting 141, reference and information about materials, products and programs and their processing operations (142), elements of self-organization in the operation of a machine (training, self-correction, etc.) (143); used additional devices 144, diagnostic signs of failures and information about malfunctions 145, information about the device and operating rules 146, reference and information about defects in processing and methods for their elimination 147 and other information that can be transmitted from an external source 148.

In sensors 121 ... 126, to record the flow rate L _{c of} thread 149 (Fig. 9), a disk 150 is used with holes 151 through which a beam of light passes from the LED 152. The thread is threaded into the thread guide 153, covering the pulley disk 154, which is made uniform with the disk 150 and rotates freely with the axis 155 in the bushings. After refueling in the sensor for recording thread consumption, it is refilled in the regulator of its tension 156.

Overcasting machine operates as follows. When the machine’s power is turned on, the control panel records information about the current state of the machine, its settings, the absence of malfunctions, the operability of its electrical devices, etc. According to the set and registered material parameters 137 and processing parameters 139, the machine’s stepper motors and thread tension regulators automatically establish rational parameters of the machine. If it is necessary to change the operation parameters, the machine program of work is selected on the control panel or its individual modes are adjusted.

When adjusting the operation modes or performing actions when preparing for operation or during the operation, a message is triggered on the control panel which actions need to be performed or confirmed in some cases that these actions have been completed (for example, changing the needle or setting it to the required position) . To disable the operation of the upper knife 99 and the upper looper 32 when the machine performs a two-thread chain stitch, the desired program number is set on the control panel and the machine includes shutdown electromagnets 107 and 42 of the mechanisms and a servo drive 128 for one revolution (φ≤360 °) in quasistatic mode, in the period of which a shutdown occurs.

Before starting the machine sends signals to the sensors and stepper motors and checks the data on their readiness for work and their parameters with the setup parameters set in the information and methodological support. When the electrotechnical devices are ready for operation, the 118 parameters set on the control panel are correct, the warnings are cleared by the operator (if any) and there are no other restrictions, the machine starts the operation.

When there are thickenings in the seam t _ct >> t ⁰ _ct , where t _ct , t ⁰ _ct is the thickness of the material under the presser foot 52, fixed by potentiometer 66 (when passing the thickenings in the seam and at the previous moment, respectively), the servomotor 128 reduces the speed the main shaft 15. With the change in the thickness t _CT stitch adjustment position occurs rails 67 and 68 in height by operation of the stepper motor 85, the pressure force N _p.sh. the presser foot 52 created by the stepper motor 58 and the cam 57. The lifting values of the rails 67 and 68 and the pressing force N _l. is set from the reference data of technological modes 139 operations or can be set from the learning process of the machine 140 for the operation.

With differences in thread _consumption L _ct recorded in the sensors 120-125 from the accepted values from the base 139 or 140, it is corrected by changing the thread tension in the thread tension regulators T _n.p. 60 ... 65 in the car. To increase the flow rate L _{c of the} needle thread, it is necessary to reduce its tension while maintaining or increasing the tension T _n.p. looper threads, and to increase its flow rate - on the contrary: increase its tension while maintaining or reducing the tension of the looper threads.

To increase the flow rate L _{article of the} looper thread, decrease its tension T _n.r. and an increase in the tension of other threads involved in weaving with it in the stitch. Databases 139 or 140 on the ratio of thread tension for each type of stitch and the processed materials are stored in the memory of the machine. A new tuning of the machine 140, i.e. training the machine to perform the operation by including the operation of recording a new product processing program in the base 140.

When double-stitch overcasting stitches are formed (Fig. 5e) in the machine, according to the program 138 adopted on the control panel 118, the machine automatically changes and the mechanisms of the needle 1, the upper looper 32 are turned on (when the operator sets the extension 41 in the working position), the lower looper 26 , knives 99 and 111 (with setting the stitch width b _ct through the stepper motor 116) and a fabric engine with predetermined parameters of stitch length l _ct , differential Δ _∂ and pressing forces N _s.p. through stepper motors 92, 93 and 58, respectively. Automatically through the sensors 60 and 63 the tension T _N is adjusted. needle thread 1 and looper 26, respectively.

With the formation of three-thread overcasting stitches (Fig.5b) in the machine, according to the program set on the control panel 118, the machine is readjusted and the mechanisms of the needle 1, the upper looper 32, the lower looper 26, the knives 99 and 111 and the rods 67 and 68 are turned on. The expander 41 must be in the idle position (in the far right position).

To set the required width of the overcasting stitch or the position of the lower knife 111 relative to the needle 1, the unit for adjusting the position of the lower knife 111 with the finger 117 in the material edge trimming mechanism is turned on. The lower knife 111 together with the holder 112 is shifted when the shaft of the stepper motor 116 is rotated from the command coming from the machine operation control system. The rotation of the shaft of the stepper motor 116 transmits the rotation of the gear pair 114 and 115, in which the driven gear 114, having the protrusion 114a, transmits the rotation of the adjustment screw 113 through it. The adjustment screw 113, screwed into the sleeve nut 113a, is displaced in the horizontal direction along with the holder 112 the lower knife 111. The driven gear 114 with the protrusion 114a and the adjusting screw 113 are located on the axis of the holder 112, which has the possibility of only horizontal displacement due to the presence on the holder 112 of the transverse pin 112b included in the horizontal groove in the sensor body of the machine. Thus, when the stepper motor 116 is triggered, the rotation of its shaft through the gear 114 and 115, the kinematic connection of the protrusion of the gear 114 with the adjusting screw 113, the transmission of the adjusting screw 113 and the sleeve nut 11 3a, is converted into horizontal movement of the holder of the lower knife 111 and the finger 117 of the needle plate by the required value Δb ⁽ⁱ⁾ .

To perform a zigzag overcasting stitch, the required width of the overcasting stitch b c _ZKS is pre-set by adjusting the position of the lower knife 111 with finger 117 in the stitch width adjustment unit in the material edge trimmer according to the specified program. When a zigzag overcasting stitch is formed, the needle 1 receives a deviation of its leftmost position R _ЗКС from the stepper motor 25 through a gear 23 and 24, levers 22 and 21, guide 18 of the frame 16 with the needle bar 4 by an amount equal to the distance between the needles Δ ₁ (Fig. 6a) or Δ ₂ when making a four-thread overcasting stitch or by the value Δ ₁ + Δb ⁽ⁱ⁾ ≤Δ ₂ (Fig.6b). Thus, the adjustment range of the knife 111 (figv and figg) when performing a zigzag overcasting stitch - Δ ₁ ≤R _ZKS ≤Δ ₂ . The total value of the deviation R _{ZKS of the} needle 1 can be greater, the more Δb ^{(i) the} lower knife 111 is shifted from the position of execution 504 of the stitch type with the minimum width b _st504min .

When starting work on the execution of each type of stitch, the machine gives a warning to the operator about the need for control checks from the manual 146, automatically checks the readiness for work of electrical and software tools and makes the first turn in quasistatic mode and checks the operability: namely, the absence of jamming or jamming. Machine malfunctions (taken into account in methodological support 141 and 147) can occur if the needles are incorrectly installed in the multi-position needle holder (when the needle contacts the presser foot the machine stops working), exceeding the permissible amount of presser foot lift (when raising the presser foot or when the upper looper is in contact with presser foot), no threading in the machine, etc.

With the formation of four-thread overcasting stitches (Fig.5z-k) in the machine according to the adopted program 138, the machine is readjusted and the mechanisms of the needle 1, the upper looper 32, the lower looper 26, the knives 99 and 111 and the fabric engine (racks 67 and 68 and presser foot 52). Setting the machine for a certain type of four-thread overcasting stitch is done, first of all, by setting the required thread tension in the regulators 60-65. In the multi-position needle holder 2, an additional needle 3 is installed, which interacts with the lower looper 26. The interaction of the additional needle 3 with the upper looper 32 for different types of overcasting stitches is ensured by optimal adjustment of the machine mechanisms and setting the desired stitch width b _ct , and the lateral shift of the needles from the stepper motor 25 .

When a double-thread chain stitching stitch is formed (Fig. 5a), when the program 138 is executed on the control panel 118, the machine disables the mechanisms of the upper looper 32 and the upper knife 99, electromagnets 42 and 107, respectively. Disabling the upper looper 32 and the upper knife 99 is performed in one idle revolution of the main shaft 15 of the machine. The electromagnet 42 displaces the lever-disk 37 with its rod and when it rotates when the hole in the disk-lever 37 approaches the rod 44, the disk-lever 37 is displaced with the pin on the follower lever 35 disengaged from the hole of the disk-disk 37. The looper 32 is fixed in its lowest position. The needle 3a is installed (Fig. 6a) to form a double-thread chain stitch in the needle holder 2 and the thread is threaded both in the needle 3a and in the looper 45. In the process of forming chain stitches, the mechanisms of the needle, looper and the fabric motor are involved.

When various types of zigzag stitches are formed (Figs. 7a and 7b), at a certain distance from the material being cut, an initial shift occurs from the stepper motor 116 through the gear transmission of the lower knife 111 and part of the needle plate 117 by a predetermined amount. When a zigzag double-thread chain stitch is formed without trimming the edge of the material, the upper movable knife 99 is disconnected through the operation of the electromagnet 107. The maximum width of the _double -thread zigzag stitch b _st404 may correspond to the maximum stitch width b c ₄₀₆ 406 type.

During the formation of various types of double-stranded zigzag stitches, the stepper motor 25 of the needle mechanism communicates through the wheel 24, the rack sector 23, levers 22, 21 and the frame 18 to the needle bar with the needle holder 2 and the needle 3a, the lateral deviation R ₄₀₄ in accordance with the accepted type of stitching (Fig. 7a and figb).

When a three-strand chain stitch is formed (Fig. 5 g), needles 3a and 3b (Fig. 6c) are installed in the needle holder 2 and threading 130, 131 and 135 are made along the track in the machine. The looper 32 and the upper knife 99 are turned off. Needles 3a and 3b do not receive lateral deviations.

When combined stitches are formed (Figs. 5c, 5e and 5g), the needles 3a and 1 are inserted into the needle holder 2 to form double-thread chain and overcasting stitches, respectively, and the threads 130 and 132 are sewn into needles, and the threads 131, 133 and 134 - in the loopers 45, 26 and 32. The machine, through the operation of the electromagnets 107 and 42, turns on the mechanisms of the upper knife 99 and the upper looper 32. When a double-thread overcasting stitch is formed, the thread 133 of the upper looper does not thread, and the upper looper 32 switches to the expander 41.

In the absence of flow rate L _{c of the} thread, there is no rotation of the disk 150 of the thread flow sensors 120 ... 125, into which the threads are threaded. When two or three working revolutions φ of the main shaft 15 are made, according to the thread consumption and rev counter 120, the machine’s servomotor 128 stops the shaft 15 and the display 118 receives a signal about a possible thread break or skipped stitches L _ct → 0.

>0) при несоответствии действительного расхода ниток L_cт, принятому 140 или расчетному 138 $$L_{cm}^p$$

, т.е. $$L_{cm}\ne L_{cт}^p=f(b_{cm},t_{cm},l_{cm})$$

производится перераспределение натяжения ниток Г в регуляторах натяжения ниток 60…65. Величины натяжения ниток T_н.р. устанавливаются в соответствии с принятыми T^п _н.р.(138) или установленными опытным путем (140) значениями T^п _н.р. и сохраненными в базе данных памяти (140) машины.Also, when performing more than three revolutions of the main shaft 15 (φ> 1080 °) and when there is material under the presser foot 52 ( $$H_l^{(i)}$$

> 0) in case of discrepancy between the actual thread consumption L _ct , adopted 140 or calculated 138 $$L_{cm}^p$$

, i.e. $$L_{cm}\ne L_{ct}^p=f(b_{cm},t_{cm},l_{cm})$$

the thread tension G is redistributed in the thread tension regulators 60 ... 65. The values of the thread tension T _N set in accordance with accepted T ^p _n.r. (138) or experimentally established values (140) of the values of T ^p _n.r. and stored in the memory database (140) of the machine.

When the contact of the needle 1 (3) or the upper looper 32 with the presser foot 52 occurs when the first revolution (φ <360 °) of the main shaft 15 of the machine is performed in slow mode, the machine stops at the beginning of its operation, signaling that there is a contact and ways to eliminate it.

(фиг.10), в сравнении со значением в предшествующий период Н_л, более чем на принятую допустимую величину ΔH_доп, машина перестраивает значения скорости V (при увеличении толщины - уменьшение частоты вращения главного вала), величины подъема рейки h_p, величины давления прижимной лапки на материал N соответственно по специальным зависимостям $$V=f_v(H_{л}^{(i)})$$

, $$h_p=f_p(H_{л}^{(i)})$$

и $$N=f_{л}(H_{л}^{(i)})$$

. Данные зависимости учитывают не только толщину материала, но и другие физико-механические характеристики материала, учтенные в информационно-методическом обеспечении процесса (фиг.8). Корректировка значений производится через систему управления (фиг.4) при срабатывании сервопривода 128 и шаговых двигателей 58 и 85.When changing the thickness of the material under the presser foot registered with potentiometer 66, during the process $$H_l^{(i)}$$

(Fig. 10), in comparison with the value in the previous period N _l , by more than the accepted permissible value ΔH _add , the machine rearranges the speed V (when increasing the thickness - decrease the rotation frequency of the main shaft), the height of the rack h _p , the pressure presser foot on the material N, respectively, according to special dependencies $$V=f_v(H_l^{(i)})$$

, $$h_p=f_p(H_l^{(i)})$$

and $$N=f_l(H_l^{(i)})$$

. These dependencies take into account not only the thickness of the material, but also other physical and mechanical characteristics of the material, taken into account in the information and methodological support of the process (Fig. 8). Correction of the values is carried out through the control system (figure 4) when the actuator 128 and the stepper motors 58 and 85 are triggered.

If there are violations in the operation of the mechanisms, the machine’s diagnostic system establishes compliance according to the diagnostic criteria (software environment 141,143 and data 145 and 147), the type of failure, or the discrepancy to the parameters of the device’s operational state (information 144), or if the signs do not correspond to the signs (145), a stitch defect or lines (147). When checking the software of the machine, the channel for connecting external information sources and their diagnostics through an external source, or its reboot, or rewriting can be used.

Claims (7)

1. Overcasting sewing machine containing mechanisms associated with eccentrics mounted on the main shaft: needles with nodes of vertical and lateral deviations driven by a stepper motor, upper and lower loops, double thread chain stitch looper, trimming of the material edge with a lower fixed knife and upper movable knife , advancing the material with stepper motors to control the stitch length and the differential, presser foot and thread feed into the control system of the machine containing the stepper motors for regulating the stitch length and regulating the differential value and a sensor for detecting the rotation angle of the main shaft, connected to the processor, with storage devices and a control unit, characterized in that the stitch width adjustment unit contains a stitch width adjustment unit in the mechanism for trimming the material edge with the lower fixed knife and the upper movable knife, comprising a stepper motor with a gear pair, an adjusting screw and a sleeve nut and a lower knife holder with a needle plate finger attached to it, and in the needle mechanism, in a knot e transverse deviations, contains a stepper motor with gear, rack and pinion, lever and frame with a needle bar, while the stepper motors of mechanisms are included in a single control system of the machine with information and methodological support. 2. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the lateral deviation of the needle during the formation of the overcasting zigzag stitch is in the range equal to the values from the minimum to the maximum distance between the needles during the formation of the four-thread overcasting stitch with the general positioning of the needle in its left position. 3. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper looper mechanism has a shutdown assembly containing an electromagnet with a rod, spring, lever-disk on the hollow shaft of the looper located on the axis, the lever-disk has an arcuate groove for the passage of the electromagnet rod and two other holes in the disk lever are designed for a rod fixed in the housing and for a pin of the driven lever of the looper mechanism, while the shutdown unit electromagnet is included in the general machine operation control system. 4. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanism for trimming the edge of the material with the lower fixed knife and the upper movable knife has a knot for disconnecting the upper knife, which contains an electromagnet with a link and a slider, an axis entering the groove of the two-armed lever-fork of the mechanism and interacting with a guide in the housing, a connecting link and a spring-loaded holder of the upper knife, while the electromagnet of the upper knife cut-off unit is included in the overall machine operation control system. 5. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the material advancement mechanism comprises a height adjustment unit for the rails, consisting of a stepper motor with a shaft and elbow extending in the sliders that enter the tail of the rails holding levers, and wherein the stepper motor rack regulation unit is included in the overall machine operation control system. 6. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that in the mechanism of the presser foot with a leash on the rod, the sensor for recording the position of the presser foot in height is in contact, and above the spring on the rod is a movable sleeve in contact with the cam mounted on the shaft of the stepper motor, the sensor for recording the position of the presser foot in height and the stepper motor of the presser foot mechanism are included in the overall control system of the machine, which corrects the angle of rotation of the shaft of the stepper motor of the presser foot mechanism and the angle of rotation of of the aga engine of the rack adjustment unit in height, the frequency of rotation of the main shaft of the machine from the servo shaft, depending on the readings of the registration sensor for the position of the presser foot in height and the operating mode of the machine. 7. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the thread feeding mechanism comprises sensors for recording thread consumption, a pulley, a disk with holes and devices for adjusting the thread tension, while a sensor for recording thread consumption and a device for adjusting thread tension are included in a single operation control system cars.

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