RU2399148C1 - Electric drive for transport - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: electric drive for transport comprises three-phase AC generator, three stabilisers of AC voltage, three rectifying units, two capacitors (ionistor), pulse motor, rotation shaft of which via flywheel, clutch, automatic gearbox of generator rotor rotation speed switching, and mechanical drive sends rotational torque to generator rotor shaft, also electronic controller of generator excitation winding voltage, two electronic controllers of charging current of accumulators with electronic relays of accumulator charging circuits connection-disconnection, electric mechanical switch of generator excitation winding supply mode and electromagnet of rotor in pulse motor, common switch of generator "loading" winding, electronic voltage controller of electromagnet in rotor of pulse motor, three breakers of circuits of "loading" winding of generator, two electronic (electromechanical) relays for connection-disconnection of supply circuits of pulse motor stator electromagnets; automatic (electronic electromechanical) switch of accumulators and four synchronised switch of accumulators, in generator includes additional "working" winding, and pulse motor has vertical scheme of "rotor-stator" arrangement being separated into two identical halves with various poles (N-S), loading through three rheostats, three breakers of phase circuits of "loading" winding and through common breaker are energised from "loading" winding of generator.

EFFECT: saving natural energy resources and improvement of environmental condition.

19 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to electrical engineering and electronics and can be used not only in the production of environmentally friendly, cost-effective natural energy carriers of various vehicles, but also in other industrial and domestic fields as a separate, independent device that generates electrical energy.

The problem to which this invention is directed is the creation of an electric drive, primarily for transport, with the aim of saving natural energy and improving the environmental situation, because currently developed and used internal combustion engines or propulsion systems of a mixed type do not solve these problems.

The opportunity to solve this problem is to create a device that generates electrical energy, which consists of a certain number of known, technically feasible components, appropriately included in the overall circuit and performing each of its functions. At the current level of technological development, monitoring the operability and timeliness of the inclusion of all components included in the circuit must be assigned to a computer, and with regard to means of transport, to an on-board computer.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the "electric drive for transport" (hereinafter - the "electric drive") consists of a three-phase alternating current generator, three AC voltage stabilizers, three rectifying units, two capacitors (ionistors), an automatic gearbox for switching the rotor speed of the generator rotor, the clutch, the electronic voltage regulator of the excitation winding of the generator, two electronic regulators of the charging current of the batteries with electronic relay on / off of the charge circuit of the battery Yator, el. mechanical switch power supply field excitation generator rotor magnet of a pulse motor, a flywheel, a pulse motor, a general switch of a “load” generator winding, an electronic voltage regulator rotor magnet of a pulse motor, three phase circuit breakers of the “load” generator winding, two electronic (electronic mechanical) on-off relay power circuits stator magnets of a pulsed motor, automatic (electronic, electronic. mechanical) battery switch, four synchronized battery switches, five batteries. To the "Electric Drive" through rheostats and other additional devices (rectifiers, transformers, relays, etc.), not shown in the diagram and selected from the functions of the loads, loads (consumers) are connected.

In addition, the “working” and “load” windings of the generator are calculated depending on the purpose and conditions for which the use of the “electric drive” is intended. In the same stator slots are placed both the “working” and “load” three-phase windings of the generator. Instead of one generator with two stator windings, two single-winding (stator) generators (1A and 1C) are allowed. In this case, the generator 1A - “working” is started first, and then, when it enters the mode, the generator 1C - “load” is started. The excitation windings are powered in parallel, along one common supply circuit.

In addition, a pulsed DC motor has been introduced into the Electric Drive, a feature of which is that to power the electric. stator magnets need an electric pulse energy only when one of the three rotor magnets (permanently on e-magnet) is near one of the four e-magnets. stator magnets. The pulse motor used in this "Electric Drive" circuit is specially designed by the author for this "Electric Drive" circuit and is presented as an invention upon an additional application, has a vertical rotor-stator arrangement with a stator divided into two identical halves.

In addition, three AC voltage stabilizers were introduced into the Electric Drive to stabilize the voltage at the output of the “working” winding.

In addition, three rectifier units have been introduced into the Electric Drive for converting the alternating current of the “working” winding into direct current.

In addition, two electronic regulators of the charging current of batteries with electronic relays for switching off the battery charge circuits are introduced into the Electric Drive (upon reaching the optimum level of battery charge). Batteries are charged with a charging current that is 10-15% higher than the optimal charging current for the type of battery used (capacity).

In addition, an electronic voltage regulator of the field winding of the generator is introduced in the Electric Drive to regulate the voltage of the field coil of the generator when the rotor speed of the generator changes.

In addition, two capacitors (ionistors) of large capacity are introduced into the Electric Drive, which act as short-term power sources (only during the operation of the power mode switch of the excitation coil of the generator and the rotor electric magnet of the pulse motor).

In addition, an electronic voltage regulator el. a rotor magnet of a pulse motor for controlling a voltage and, accordingly, a rotational speed of a rotor of a pulse motor.

In addition, an automatic gearbox for switching the rotor speed of the generator has been introduced into the Electric Drive, which is triggered by a change in the rotor speed of the generator, which is triggered by a change in the rotor speed of the generator rotor or the rotor of the pulse motor.

In addition, a clutch has been introduced into the Electric Drive, which allows smooth transmission of torque from the rotor of the pulse motor to the rotor of the generator, and when turned off, it facilitates and accelerates the speed of rotation of the rotor of the pulsed motor.

In addition, a flywheel (flywheel) is introduced into the Electric Drive, mounted on the rotor shaft of the pulse motor, which, having accumulated kinetic energy during the set speed of the rotor of the pulse motor, facilitates and accelerates the selection of the optimal speed of rotation of the generator rotor.

In addition, an automatic (electronic) mechanical power mode switch for the excitation winding of the generator and electric a rotor magnet of a pulsed motor (switchboard on reed switches) having a response time of not more than 0.1-0.3 seconds.

In addition, two electronic on-off relays for power supply circuits have been introduced into the Electric Drive. stator magnets of a pulsed motor for passing pulses of electricity from batteries to certain electric stator magnets at strictly defined moments when email. rotor magnet is located near one of the four electric. stator magnets. The relay opens the circuit when the electric rotor magnet from el. stator magnet, to which an electric pulse was applied. energy.

In addition, an automatic (electronic, electronic, magnetic) multi-contact battery switch has been introduced into the Electric Drive, which operates, i.e. switches the two batteries in operation to recharge, and the other two batteries in recharge to work. Switching cycle is determined by the voltage drop (density) on the working batteries to the minimum permissible for optimal operation of the electric. stator magnets. Instead of one common switch, two identical switches are allowed (one for each pair of batteries), taking into account the possible temporary difference in the discharge of two working batteries.

In addition, four synchronized battery switches have been introduced into the Electric Drive, which, at the end of the Electric Drive, the circuit is disconnected from the power sources.

In addition, four batteries have been introduced into the Electric Drive, providing electric power. food el. stator magnets of a pulsed motor. For each half of the stator (two e-magnets), two batteries are identified, of which one is in operation and the other is on recharge, i.e. when the “Electric Drive” circuit is on, always two batteries are in operation, and the other two are on recharge. Uninterrupted email food el. the stator magnets of the pulse motor, which is ensured by the timely switching of run-down batteries to freshly charged ones, allows the "Electric Drive" to be non-stop for a long time in working condition. It is preferable to use alkaline batteries of such capacity that will ensure uninterrupted operation of the Electric Drive at maximum load.

In addition, a fifth battery has been introduced into the Electric Drive, providing power to the field winding of the generator and electric. the rotor magnet of the pulse motor only for a period of time until the generator rotor reaches optimal speed. When the rotor of the generator sets the set rotation speed, the battery is turned off, i.e. the battery performs the function of a short-term, valid up to several tens of seconds, power source.

In addition, a mechanical drive has been introduced into the Electric Drive to transmit torque from the rotor shaft of the pulse motor to the shaft of the generator rotor.

In addition, a mechanical drive has been introduced into the Electric Drive to transmit torque from the rotor shaft of the pulse motor to the shaft of the generator rotor.

In addition, a general switch of the “load” generator winding is introduced in the Electric Drive to reduce the influence factor of electric power. magnetic braking torque of the generator during its launch.

In addition, three separate phase-circuit breakers of the “load” generator winding are introduced into the Electric Drive, allowing connection via rheostats and other electronic devices. load devices (consumers), to ensure the operation of which, in fact, "Electric Drive" is intended.

The disclosed design features of the “Electric Drive for Transport” as a whole make it possible to manufacture a new type of vehicles, the main advantage of which over existing ones now is that they will preserve any natural energy sources and will improve the environmental situation in general and especially in large settlements, as well as improve aesthetic perception of urban and intercity landscapes (without cobwebs and wires for trolleybuses, trams, electric locomotives and support poles) and will save a significant amount the quality of metal and other materials used for the manufacture of wires and supports.

The invention as a whole is illustrated by the structural diagram of the "Electric", shown in the drawing.

"Electric drive for transport" consists of: generator 1 (1A - "working" winding, 1C - "load" winding, 1B - field winding); a pulse motor 21, on the shaft of which a flywheel 17 is fixed; stabilizers 3, 4, 5; rectifier blocks 8, 9, 10; electronic regulators of the charging current of batteries with electronic relays on-off of the battery charge circuits 13, 14; electronic voltage regulator of the field winding of the generator 11; capacitors (ionistors) 6, 18; electronic voltage regulator magnetic rotor of a pulse motor 20; automatic (electronic mechanical) switch of the power mode of the field winding of the generator and electric a rotor magnet of a pulse motor (a switch unit on reed switches) 16; clutch 15; automatic gearbox for switching the rotor speed of the rotor of the generator 7; electronic relays for switching on / off the power circuits stator magnets of a pulsed motor 25, 26; automatic battery switch 30; synchronized battery switches 31, 32, 33, 34; battery power stator magnets of a pulsed motor 38, 39, 40, 41; excitation winding battery power generator and el. the rotor magnet of the pulse motor 12; mechanical drive 2; general switch "load" of the winding of the generator 19; circuit breaker phase "load" of the winding of the generator 22, 23, 24.

DESCRIPTION OF THE WORK OF THE “ELECTRIC DRIVE FOR TRANSPORT,” PICTURED IN THE DRAWING

1. Before turning on the "Electric Drive":

- switches 19, 22, 23, 24, 31, 32, 33, 34 are in the "off" position;

- switch 16 is in the "BB" position;

- clutch 15 is in the "off" position;

- both halves of the stator of the pulse motor 21 are apart relative to the rotor.

2. The inclusion and principle of operation of the "Electric":

- the switch 16 is translated into position "AA" (capacitors 6 and 18 are charged, the excitation winding 1 V of the generator 1 and the electric magnet of the rotor of the pulse motor 21 are energized);

- both halves of the stator of the pulse motor 21 are shifted to a distance of 0.1 mm (to the rotor) and are rigidly fixed;

- switches 31, 32, 33, 34 are synchronously translated into the “On” position. Depending on the size of the discharge of the working batteries, the switch 30 is activated or not activated;

- email the current from one of the working batteries (38 or 40) through the switches (as applied to the circuit in the drawing) 31 or 33, through the contacts "4-4" and "5-5" of the switch 30 and the relay 25 or 26 is fed to the winding of the nearest e-mail. a magnet located in the left or right half of the stator of the pulse motor 21, to which el. a rotor magnet (for example, in the left one), which (the rotor) does not stop its rotation under the action of the repulsive force of the unipolar permanent magnets of the rotor and both halves of the stator even when the "Electric Drive" is de-energized. In this case, the power of the pulse motor 21 to start the generator 1 will not be enough, because Permanent magnets of the pulse motor (on the stator and on the rotor) give the rotor only additional acceleration;

- email the rotor magnet of the pulse motor 21, being close to one of the el. magnets (for example, the left half) of the stator, receives at the moment of activation of the electronic relay 25 e. magnetic push, i.e. the rotor receives an acceleration of torque, which is further increased by the action of permanent magnets (unipolar interaction) of the rotor and stator. With the departure of email. rotor magnet from el. stator magnet, to which an electric pulse was applied. current, the electronic relay 25 is activated and turns off the power supply circuit el. magnets of the left half of the stator;

- the rotor of the pulse motor 21 is rapidly rotated 90 °. His email the magnet at this moment will be near e-mail. magnet on the right side of the stator. Relay 26 is triggered and on email. stator magnet, near which is located el. rotor magnet, current pulse arrives. This email The stator magnet gives an additional push-acceleration to the rotational movement of the rotor. Etc. every 90 °. For one revolution of the rotor of the pulse motor 21, it (every 90 °) receives four times a significant acceleration of rotational motion and, in addition, a constantly acting additional acceleration due to the unipolar interaction of the permanent magnets of the rotor and stator. The rotor of the pulse motor 21 is gaining momentum while spinning and the flywheel 17;

- when the rotor of the pulse motor 21 reaches a slightly higher set rotation speed, the clutch 15 is turned on, which transmits the torque through the automatic gearbox for switching the rotor speed of the rotor of the generator 7 and the mechanical drive 2 to the generator 1. When the clutch is engaged, i.e. when the load on the rotor shaft of the pulse motor 21 increases, its speed drops for a short time, but taking into account:

- sufficient power of the pulse motor 21;

- accumulated energy of the flywheel 17;

- switching the automatic gearbox 7 to a lower gear;

- actuation of the voltage regulator 20;

- that the clutch is engaged when the rotor speed was above the set;

- as well as the fact that as the speed of rotation of the rotor of the generator 1 increases, the automatic gearbox 7 switches to higher gears, the short-term drop in the rotor speed of the pulse motor 21 will be within just a few seconds (Any deviation of the rotor speed of the generator 1 from the set is corrected (adjustable ) by switching the box 7 and the operation of the voltage regulators 20 and 11);

- when the rotor of the generator 1 reaches the set rotation speed: - switch 16 is moved to the "BB" position. In this case, the excitation winding 1 V of the generator 1 is powered by the circuit: - stabilizer 3, rectifier block 8, voltage regulator 11; and power is constantly on. the rotor magnet of the pulse motor 21 is made by the following chain: - stabilizer 3, rectifier block 8, voltage regulator 20. When switching switch 16, when the movable contacts have already moved away from the fixed contacts "AA", they have also touched the fixed contacts "BB", ie . for a period of time 0.1-0.3 seconds, the excitation winding 1 V of the generator 1 is powered by a capacitor 6, and the power is el. the rotor magnet of the pulse motor 21 carries a capacitor 18;

- two recharged battery charging circuits are switched on. The first circuit for the battery 39 is the stabilizer 4, the rectifier block 9, the electronic controller with the shutdown relay 13, the contacts "9-9" and "10-10" of the automatic switch 30, the switch 32. The second circuit for the battery 41 is the stabilizer 5, the rectifier block 10, an electronic controller with an off relay 14, contacts "9-9" and "10-10" of the automatic switch 30, switch 34;

- “Electric drive” comes to a stable state of “idling”;

- to connect the loads 35, 36, 37 of the "load" winding 1C of the generator 1, you must:

- switch the general switch 19 to the "on" position;

- based on the need to turn on the load circuit breakers 22, 23, 24;

- power loads 35, 36, 37 to regulate the rheostats 27, 28, 29.

Connecting the “load” winding 1C to loads 35, 36, 37 will affect the rotor speed of the generator 1 and, accordingly, the rotor speed of the pulse motor 21, but taking into account the response time of the stabilizer 3 (within 5-10 milliseconds), as well as the timeliness of response voltage regulators 11, 20, the gearbox 7 and the presence of the flywheel 17, the change in the rotational speed of the rotor of the generator 1 will be short-term.

3. Turn off the "Electric":

- turn off the load 35, 36, 37, i.e. switches switches 22, 23, 24 and 19 to the "off" position;

- turn off the clutch 15;

- switch the switches 31, 32, 33, 34 to the “off” position;

- push the left and right halves of the stator of the pulse motor 21 and fix it firmly.

The use of “Electric Drive for Transport” will bring a lot of positive aspects to the life and livelihoods of the human community, as the modernized “Electric Drive” can be used not only for vehicles, but also for other industrial and domestic purposes, and also because it is relatively cheap and safe to operate, has high efficiency and can operate without the use of natural energy sources, without stops for a long time in any climatic zones.

The presented scheme of "Electric Drive for Transport" has a finished, working, industrially applicable, type corresponding to the level of novelty and inventive step.

Claims (19)

1. An electric drive for transport, comprising: a two-winding three-phase alternator (one winding of which is “working and the other is“ load ”), in which the rotor shaft is rotated through a mechanical drive, an automatic gearbox, a clutch and a flywheel are connected to the rotor shaft of the pulse motor rotor , to power email. stator magnets which are used four pairs of external sources connected el. energy in the form of batteries connected to it through four synchronous switches, an automatic switch and two electronic relays, and the rotor magnets of the pulsed motor and the excitation windings of the generator are made through a stabilizer, a rectifier unit and two voltage regulators using two capacitors (ionistors), and switching the power mode (battery - “working” generator winding) is carried out by e-mail. mechanical (automatic) switch, and through two other stabilizers, two rectifier units and two charge current regulators with a relay for switching off the charge circuits and through an automatic switch, two batteries that are in operation and partially discharged are charged, characterized in that an additional “working” battery is introduced in the generator winding, and the pulse motor has a vertical layout of the "rotor-stator" with divided (sliding) into two identical halves, but with different poles (NS), stator, the load is black Without three rheostats, three phase circuit breakers of the “load” winding and are fed through the general switch from the “load” winding of the generator. 2. The drive according to claim 1, characterized in that in the alternator an “working” winding is placed in the grooves of the stator along with the “load” winding. 3. The electric drive according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotational moment on the rotor shaft of the alternator generates an impulse drive motor. 4. The electric drive according to claim 1, characterized in that a flywheel is mounted on the rotor shaft of the drive pulse motor. 5. The electric drive according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes a clutch installed between the flywheel and the automatic gearbox for switching the speed of rotation of the rotor of the generator. 6. The electric drive according to claim 1, characterized in that an automatic gearbox for switching the speed of rotation of the rotor of the generator is introduced into it, with which the torque is transmitted through a mechanical drive to the shaft of the rotor of the generator. 7. The drive according to claim 1, characterized in that three voltage stabilizers are introduced into it, the inputs of which are between the zero wire “O” of the three-phase “working” winding of the generator and the phase ends of this winding, and the outputs of the stabilizers are connected to rectifier blocks. 8. The electric drive according to claim 1, characterized in that three rectifier blocks are installed at the output of three stabilizers and: two of them are electronic regulators of the charging current of the batteries with a relay for switching off the battery charge circuits;
one of them is email. mechanical switch of the power mode of the excitation winding of the generator and el. rotor magnet of a pulsed motor. 9. The electric drive according to claim 1, characterized in that two electronic charge current regulators of the batteries with a battery charge circuit cut-off relay installed between the two rectifier units and the automatic (electronic, electronic) magnetic battery switch (contacts “1” and “2”, “9-9” and “10-10”). 10. The drive according to claim 1, characterized in that it is entered e. mechanical switch of the power mode of the field winding of the generator and el. a magnet by the rotor of a pulse motor, mounted between the rectifier blocks and two parallel-connected electronic voltage regulators, and through the second pair of contacts of this switch, a fifth small-capacity battery is connected to the circuits. 11. The drive according to claim 2, characterized in that it introduced a fifth low-capacity battery (less than the capacity of each of the four working batteries), connected to the power circuit via e-mail. mechanical switch. 12. The drive according to claim 1, characterized in that it introduced two electronic voltage regulator:
generator excitation windings;
email a rotor magnet of a pulse motor mounted between el. mechanical power mode switch and capacitors (ionistors). 13. The drive according to claim 1, characterized in that it introduced two large capacitors (ionistor), each installed between an electronic voltage regulator and:
the first is the excitation winding of the generator;
the second is email. rotor magnet of a pulsed motor. 14. The electric drive according to claim 1, characterized in that two electronic on-off relays are inserted into it. stator magnets of a pulse motor, one connected to the right, the other to the left half of the stator of the pulse motor and to the contacts “4-4” and “5-5”, “6” and “7” of the automatic battery switch (two identical switches are allowed instead of one). 15. The electric drive according to claim 1, characterized in that four synchronized switches are inserted into it, installed between four batteries supplying electric power. stator magnets of a pulsed motor and automatic battery switch. 16. The drive according to claim 1, characterized in that a common (four-wire) switch of the "load" generator winding is inserted between the four outputs of the three-phase "load" generator winding and the switches of the separate (phase) circuit of the "load" winding. 17. The drive according to claim 1, characterized in that three circuit-breakers of the phase circuits of the “load” generator winding are inserted between the common switch of the “load” generator winding and rheostats. 18. The drive according to claim 1, characterized in that three rheostats are inserted in it, installed between the phase circuit breakers of the "load" generator winding and the loads (consumers). 19. The drive according to claim 2, characterized in that the power source is electric. energy email. The stator magnets of a pulse motor are four batteries working in pairs (two working, two charging).