RU2378325C2 - Fuel brick - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil and gas production.

SUBSTANCE: fuel brick includes crushed charcoal with particle size of 0.05 mm to 5 mm, water and bonding agent chosen from amylose, carboxymethyl cellulose, or sodium hydrosilicate or sapropel at the following component ratio, wt %: amylose of 4 to 8, or carboxymethyl cellulose of 4 to 8, or sodium hydrosilicate of 2 to 5, or sapropel of 2 to 10, water is less than 3, crushed charcoal - the rest up to 100, and density of fuel brick is 500 kg/m³ to 900 kg/m³. The proposed technical solution enlarges range of solid fuel and provides development of ecologically clean fuel bricks with high energy and strength characteristics.

EFFECT: increasing combustion heat and decreasing ash content of fuel bricks, increasing their strength at throwing, improving ignition processes and catalytic combustion of fuel bricks.

6 cl, 14 ex

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the field of solid fuel briquettes based on carbon-containing materials, in particular to fuel briquettes used in domestic conditions for autonomous, environmentally friendly and economical heating of residential and utility rooms, greenhouses and hotbeds, especially in areas that do not have natural fuels (firewood, stone coal, peat, etc.), for fireplaces, stoves, samovars and for heating railroad cars, cabins for workers and military personnel, as well as cooking in barbecue grills and barbecue.

State of the art

A known fuel briquette and method for its production according to the patent of the Russian Federation 2078120, MKI C10L 5/16, publ. 1997, including a heat-treated molded mixture of coal fines and a binder containing a sulfonic acid derivative (lignosulfonate or methylene naphthalene sulfonic acid sodium salt) of at least 0.5% by weight of coal and pitch from the bottom residue of distillation of melt oil of at least 0.5% by weight of coal (e.g. saponified or oxidized tal pitch). This briquette has insufficient mechanical strength, a complex and lengthy process of manufacturing fuel briquettes, high cost due to the large assortment of raw materials.

There is also known a fuel briquette and a method for producing it according to the patent of the Russian Federation 2130047, MKI C10L 5/12, publ. 1999, containing dried mixtures of crushed solid fuels and a binder based on oil sludge and / or used engine oil, as well as components from the group including,% by weight of the briquetted mixture:

lignosulfonate or molasses, -2-7 and / or

dehydrated activated sludge, - 3 - 8 and / or

clay, 3-10 and / or

paraffin or paraffin wax - 1-6 in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

binder - 10-32, shredded solid fuels from the group of sawdust, peat, dehydrated bird droppings, dehydrated manure, coke or coal fines, coal sludge, lignin or mixtures thereof - up to 100. The disadvantage of this briquette is the complicated technological process of briquette production, high energy intensity and cost of production, as well as high residual humidity of 3-12%.

In addition, a fuel briquette is known according to the patent of the Russian Federation 2043392, MKI C10L 5/14, publ. 1995, designed for heating greenhouses and other rooms. The fuel briquette contains 3-5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 2-6% potassium nitrate, and the rest is crushed charcoal. The main disadvantage of this fuel briquette is the release of substances, mainly sodium and potassium salts, during the combustion of fuel briquettes, the effect of which on food products during their preparation in barbecue, grills and shish kebab worsens organoleptic properties.

The closest essentially technical solution to the claimed fuel briquette is a known fuel briquette according to the patent of the Russian Federation 2187542, MKI C10L 5/12, publ. 2002, including crushed charcoal, a binder and water, and as a binder it contains starch, or wheat flour, or dextrin in the following ratio of compotents, wt.%:

crushed charcoal - 50-93,

starch, or wheat flour, or dextrin - 3-45,

water - the rest is up to 100.

The main disadvantages of such fuel briquettes include insufficient mechanical strength (density of the fuel briquette from 350 to 450 kg / m ³ ) and a rather high residual moisture content (from 3 to 5 wt.%).

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The objective of the present invention is to develop and create environmentally friendly briquetted fuel for catalytic combustion (combustion without flame) with improved energy and strength characteristics, made from affordable, cheap and environmentally friendly raw materials and applicable both for heating rooms, including residential, and for cooking food in barbecue, grills and barbecue without deterioration of its organoleptic properties.

As a result of solving this problem, when implementing the invention, new technical results can be obtained, consisting in increasing the calorific value and lowering the ash content of fuel briquettes, in increasing their discharge strength, and also in improving the ignition and catalytic combustion of fuel briquettes by reducing the residual moisture .

These technical results are achieved in that in a fuel briquette containing crushed charcoal with a particle size of 0.05 mm to 5 mm, water and a binder selected from starch, carboxylmethyl cellulose, sodium hydrosilicate or sapropel in the following ratio, wt.%:

- starch from 4 to 8 or

- carboxyl methyl cellulose from 4 to 8, or

- sodium hydrosilicate from 2 to 5, or

- sapropel from 2 to 10,

- water less than 3,

- crushed charcoal - the rest is up to 100, and the density of the fuel briquette is from 500 kg / m ³ to 900 kg / m ³ .

A distinctive feature of the inventive fuel briquette is that the binder is selected from starch, carboxylmethyl cellulose, sodium hydrosilicate or sapropel in the following ratio, wt.%:

- starch from 4 to 8 or

- carboxyl methyl cellulose from 4 to 8, or

- sodium hydrosilicate from 2 to 5, or

- sapropel from 2 to 10,

- water less than 3,

- crushed charcoal with a particle size of from 0.05 mm to 5 mm - the rest is up to 100, and the density of the fuel briquette is from 500 kg / m ³ to 900 kg / m ³ . As a result, the calorific value and strength of the inventive fuel briquettes are increased, and the time of their kindling is also reduced. Moreover, it was experimentally established that the selected ranges of binder and density of the fuel briquette provide an increase in the strength and operational characteristics of the fuel briquettes, only when performing fuel briquettes with certain above parameters and when the residual moisture content in the fuel briquettes after drying is less than 3 wt.%.

Thus, from the above it follows that new technical results can be obtained by implementing all the essential features that characterize the claimed fuel briquette.

In addition, potato starch, corn starch, or mixtures thereof and / or carboxyl methyl cellulose, as well as an aqueous solution of sodium hydrosilicate with a water content of 10% (liquid glass) or sapropel of Lake Rukovsky, Vladimirovsk Region can be used as a binder.

Moreover, the fuel briquette is made in the form of a tablet (cylindrical checker) with a diameter of 30 mm to 100 mm and a ratio of the length L of the tablet to its diameter d from 0.4 to 2.0 or a prismatic checker with a height of 20 mm to 40 mm, a width of 40 mm to 80 mm and a length of 80 mm to 150 mm.

Information confirming the possibility of carrying out the invention

As a raw material for the manufacture of fuel briquettes, crushed charcoal with a particle size of 0.05 mm to 5 mm is used, for example, pulverized chips - waste products (in fractional composition) of high-quality charcoal (GOST 7637-84, GOST 7657-88). As a binder, potato starch (GOST 4567-89), corn starch, or a mixture thereof and / or carboxymethyl cellulose, or sodium hydrosilicate (silicate block is a waste of glass production), for example, liquid glass - an aqueous solution of sodium hydrosilicate with 10% water or sapropel, for example, the sapropel of Lake Rukovsky, the Vladimir Region.

The above starting components after dosing are mixed with water and thoroughly mixed at room temperature, for example, in a mixer SPU-2, equipped with planetary mixers and heating. Dosing of the starting components is carried out by well-known methods by weighing on a balance of the appropriate accuracy class or using dispensers. The resulting homogeneous mixture is kept for swelling the binder, and then produce briquetting.

Briquetting of the starting components is carried out by means of a hydraulic press (pressing pressure from 50 kg / cm ² to 200 kg / cm ² ) into tablets or cylindrical blocks with a diameter of 30 mm to 100 mm and a ratio of the tablet length L to its diameter d from 0.4 to 2 , 0, as well as prismatic pieces with a height of 20 mm to 40 mm, a width of 40 mm to 80 mm and a length of 80 mm to 150 mm. Then, the fuel briquettes are dried, for example, at a temperature of 120 ° C until the residual moisture content in the fuel briquette is less than 3%.

Industrial production of fuel briquettes can be carried out at enterprises that have industrial mixing (mixers of any type: concrete mixers, “drunken barrels”, dough mixers, mixers with mixers) and molding (screw presses, presses for continuous pressing, presses for dull pressing) equipment, as well as drying cabinets with a drying temperature from 80 ° C to 180 ° C and forced air convection.

The formulation of the inventive fuel briquette is illustrated by the following examples.

Example 1. On the above equipment, a batch of fuel pellets with a diameter of 50 mm and a height of 48 mm was made from crushed charcoal with a particle size of ~ 0.1 mm. The composition of the fuel pellets, wt.%: Charcoal 92, potato starch 6 and water 2. Compressed and dried according to the above technology. The resulting fuel briquettes are easily ignited by a match, burn with a faint red glow without the formation of flame, smoke, soot, toxic substances and odorless for 2 hours and emit large amounts of heat sufficient to heat greenhouses and other premises, including residential premises in the cold season. Fuel briquettes have a density of 700 kg / m ³ , specific heat of combustion of 7000 kcal / kg and thermal power of more than 2 W / cm ² under normal conditions.

Example 2. On the same equipment from crushed charcoal with a particle size of ~ 0.1 mm, a batch of fuel pellets with a diameter of 50 mm and a height of 48 mm was made. The composition of the fuel pellets, wt.%: Charcoal 92, carboxyl methyl cellulose 6 and water 2. Mix, press and dry according to the modes of example 1. Ready fuel briquettes are not inferior in quality to the above, have a density of 700 kg / m ³ , specific heat of combustion of 7000 kcal / kg and thermal power of more than 2 W / cm ² under normal conditions.

Example 3. On the same equipment from a crushed charcoal with a particle size of ~ 0.1 mm, a batch of fuel pellets with a diameter of 50 mm and a height of 48 mm was made. The composition of the fuel pellets, wt.%: Charcoal 94, sodium hydrosilicate 4 and water 2. Mix, press and dry according to the modes of example 1. Ready fuel briquettes have increased mechanical strength, and the rest are not inferior in quality to the above, have a density of 700 kg / m ³ , specific heat of combustion of 7200 kcal / kg and thermal power of more than 2 W / cm ² under normal conditions.

Example 4. On the same equipment from crushed charcoal with a particle size of ~ 0.1 mm, a batch of fuel pellets with a diameter of 50 mm and a height of 48 mm was made. The composition of the fuel pellets, wt.%: Charcoal 94, sapropel 4 and water 2. Mix, press and dry according to the modes of example 1. Ready fuel briquettes are not inferior in quality to the above, have a density of 700 kg / m ³ , specific heat of combustion 7200 kcal / kg and thermal power of more than 2 W / cm ² under normal conditions.

Example 5. On the same equipment from a crushed charcoal with a particle size of ~ 0.1 mm, a batch of fuel pellets with a diameter of 50 mm and a height of 48 mm was made. The composition of the fuel pellets, wt.%: Charcoal 80, starch 18 and water 2. Mix, press and dry according to the modes of example 1. Ready fuel briquettes are inferior in quality to the above, have a density of 700 kg / m ³ , specific heat of combustion of 6000 kcal / kg and thermal power less than 2 W / cm ² under normal conditions.

Example 6. On the same equipment from a crushed charcoal with a particle size of ~ 0.1 mm, a batch of fuel pellets with a diameter of 50 mm and a height of 48 mm was made. The composition of the fuel pellets, wt.%: Charcoal 92, starch 3, carboxyl methylcellulose 3 and water 2. Mix, press and dry according to the modes of example 1. Ready fuel briquettes are similar in quality to fuel briquettes of examples 2, 3 and 4, have a density of 700 kg / m ³ , specific heat of combustion of 7200 kcal / kg and thermal power of more than 2 W / cm ² under normal conditions.

Example 7. On the same equipment from crushed charcoal with a particle size of ~ 0.1 mm, a batch of fuel pellets with a diameter of 50 mm and a height of 48 mm was made. The composition of the fuel pellets, wt.%: Charcoal 96, starch 2 and water 2. Mix, press and dry according to the modes of example 1. Finished fuel briquettes have a density of 700 kg / m ³ , specific heat of combustion 7200 kcal / kg and thermal power more 2 W / cm ² under normal conditions, but have low mechanical strength.

Example 8. On the same equipment from crushed charcoal with a particle size of ~ 0.1 mm, a batch of fuel pellets with a diameter of 50 mm and a height of 48 mm was made. The composition of the fuel pellets, wt.%: Charcoal 88, starch 6 and water 6. Mix, press and dry according to the modes of example 1. Finished fuel briquettes have a density of 700 kg / m ³ , specific heat of combustion 7000 kcal / kg and thermal power more 2 W / cm ² under normal conditions, but poorly ignited and damped after ignition.

Example 9. On the same equipment from crushed charcoal with a particle size of ~ 5.5 mm, a batch of fuel pellets with a diameter of 50 mm and a height of 48 mm was made. The composition of the fuel pellets, wt.%: Charcoal 92, starch 6 and water 2. Mix, press and dry according to the modes of example 1. Ready fuel briquettes have a density of 600 kg / m ³ , specific heat of combustion of 6500 kcal / kg and thermal power less 2 W / cm ² under normal conditions and at the same time have low mechanical strength.

Example 10. On the same equipment from crushed charcoal with a particle size of ~ 0.1 mm, a batch of fuel pellets with a diameter of 50 mm and a height of 80 mm was made. The composition of the fuel pellets, wt.%: Charcoal 92, starch 6 and water 2. Mix, press and dry according to the modes of example 1. Ready fuel briquettes have a density of 600 kg / m ³ , specific heat of combustion of 6500 kcal / kg and thermal power less 2 W / cm ² under normal conditions, and at the same time have low mechanical strength.

Example 11. On the same equipment from crushed charcoal with a particle size of ~ 0.1 mm, a batch of fuel prismatic blocks was made 30 mm high, 60 mm wide and 90 mm long. The composition of the prismatic checkers, wt.%: Charcoal 92, starch 6 and water 2. Mix, press and dry according to the modes of example 1. Ready fuel briquettes are superior in quality to the briquettes described in example 1, have a density of 720 kg / m ³ specific calorific value of 7200 kcal / kg and thermal power of more than 2 W / cm ² under normal conditions.

Example 12. On the same equipment from a crushed charcoal with a particle size of ~ 0.1 mm, a batch of fuel prismatic blocks was made 30 mm high, 60 mm wide and 90 mm long. The composition of prismatic checkers, wt.%: Charcoal 92, carboxylmethyl cellulose 6 and water 2. Mix, press and dry according to the modes of example 1. Ready fuel briquettes are superior in quality to the briquettes shown in example 1, have a density of 720 kg / m ³ , specific calorific value of 7200 kcal / kg and thermal power of more than 2 W / cm ² under normal conditions.

Example 13. On the same equipment from a crushed charcoal with a particle size of ~ 0.1 mm, a batch of fuel prismatic blocks was made 30 mm high, 60 mm wide and 90 mm long. The composition of prismatic checkers, wt.%: Charcoal 94, sodium hydrosilicate 4 and water 2. Mix, press and dry according to the modes of example 1. Ready fuel briquettes are superior in quality to the briquettes shown in example 1, have a density of 740 kg / m ³ , specific heat of combustion of 7400 kcal / kg and thermal power of more than 2 W / cm ² under normal conditions.

Example 14. On the same equipment from crushed charcoal with a particle size of ~ 0.1 mm, a batch of fuel prismatic blocks was made 30 mm high, 60 mm wide and 90 mm long. The composition of prismatic checkers, wt.%: Charcoal 94, sapropel 4 and water 2. Mix, press and dry according to the modes of example 1. Ready fuel briquettes are superior in quality to the briquettes shown in example 1, have a density of 740 kg / m ³ specific calorific value of 7400 kcal / kg and thermal power of more than 2 W / cm ² under normal conditions.

From the above examples it is seen that the energy and strength characteristics of fuel briquettes vary depending on the specific quantitative ratios of the ingredients. An increase in the amount of binder above the stated limits leads to a decrease in the energy indices of fuel briquettes, and a decrease in the amount of a binder leads to a decrease in the strength properties of fuel briquettes and even their destruction. An increase in the amount of water worsens the ignition process and leads to vaporization.

Tests conducted in OKB-1 ENIN them. G.M. Krzhizhanovsky, confirmed the compliance of the claimed fuel briquettes TU 2162-465-00209591-97. In addition, tests showed that when using liquid glass or block silicate as a binder, the crush strength of a fuel briquette increases by 1.5 times, and by 2 times by abrasion.

It should be noted that the absence of an open flame during the combustion of fuel briquettes eliminates ignition if flammable liquids, such as gasoline, alcohol, acetone, etc., get on the surface of a burning briquette. This property of fuel briquettes allows you to expand their scope through the use of the inventive fuel briquettes during heating in winter conditions of automobile engines, gas fittings, etc.

Claims (6)

1. A fuel briquette containing crushed charcoal with a particle size of 0.05 to 5 mm, water and a binder selected from starch, carboxyl methyl cellulose, or sodium hydrosilicate or sapropel in the following ratio, wt.%:
starch 4 to 8, or carboxyl methyl cellulose 4 to 8, or sodium hydrosilicate 2 to 5, or sapropel from 2 to 10 water less than 3 pulverized charcoal the rest is up to 100,
and the density of the fuel briquette is from 500 to 900 kg / m ³ . 2. The fuel briquette according to claim 1, characterized in that the binder used is potato starch, corn starch, or mixtures thereof. 3. The fuel briquette according to claim 1, characterized in that an aqueous solution of sodium hydrosilicate with a water content of 10% is used as a binder. 4. The fuel briquette according to claim 1, characterized in that the sapropel of Lake Rukovsky, Vladimir Region, is used as a binder. 5. The fuel briquette according to claim 1, characterized in that the fuel briquette is made in the form of a tablet (cylindrical checker) with a diameter selected from 30 to 100 mm, and the ratio of the length L of the tablet to its diameter d is from 0.4 to 2, 0. 6. The fuel briquette according to claim 1, characterized in that the fuel briquette is made in the form of a prismatic checker with a height selected from 20 to 40 mm, a width selected from 40 to 80 mm, and a length selected from 80 to 150 mm.