RU2376424C1 - Ready-built and solid-cast building construction system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to construction engineering, mainly to ready-built and solid-cast building engineering. The system of ready-built and solid-cast building construction consists of outer frontal panels, ready-built solid-cast reinforced concrete framework formed by inner wall panels, ready-built columns and flooring slabs joint together by inter-slab seams. Flooring slabs are formed by supporting and aisle slabs. Longitudinal groove with open-end vertical holes for reinforcement is made in the middle of upper and lower surfaces of support slab in the points of inner wall panels' installation. In addition, support slabs are manufactured so that they can be installed on inner wall panels projecting into aisles. While the aisle slabs are manufactured so that they can be placed in the middle of aisle and can rest upon support slabs projections.

EFFECT: minimised deflection of flooring, improved strength and strain characteristics as compared to solid-cast frameworks; multi-purpose structure and high reliability due to improved junctions of framework elements; improved hardness of framework at erection stage; high adaptability to framework assembling due to reduced labour output during building structures assembling; reliable and improved stability of structures to achieved earthquake-proof buildings and structures; reduced labour output during flooring slabs manufacture and esthetic appearance of living quarters.

8 cl, 11 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction and can be used in the construction of residential and public buildings with high floors.

The prior art frame of a multi-storey building, including columns with through openings located with the combination of their lower and upper faces with the lower and upper planes of floor slabs, which have dowels on the longitudinal faces, crossbars of the same direction with non-tensioned and with straight-through tensile reinforcement located in the upper zone, monolithic continuous sections of crossbars of perpendicular direction with through tensioned reinforcement missing in the column openings, which are monolithic with concrete and fixed and the perimeter of the building, and on-board elements. The columns are equipped with transverse ridges located along the axes of the monolithic crossbars on the lower edge of the through openings and having a height equal to 0.7 of the thickness of the floor slabs, which are multi-hollow and interconnected by rigid inserts placed across in the monolithic crossbars and fixed by the ends in the seams between the longitudinal by the faces of floor slabs and / or in the voids of the latter, and the through tensile reinforcement of monolithic crossbars is located according to the diagram of moments with its bend in the places of installation of rigid inserts, crossbars arranged perpendicularly monolithic are formed from prefabricated hollow elements that are shorter than the length of multi-hollow plates and are formed in the monolithic crossbars at the columns of the broadening, in which the non-tensile reinforcement in the form of flat frames is placed, and the through straight reinforcement is installed in the broadening at the columns and in the joints between prefabricated hollow elements and floor slabs (RU 2020210, 09/30/1994).

A known building construction comprising wall panels, connecting columns installed between and among selected wall panels and connecting said panels, wall plugs extending along the upper surfaces of said wall panels and connecting columns, and ceiling formwork units installed on said wall plugs and extending from said wall plugs (WO 96/06242, 02.29.1996).

Known precast-monolithic frame of a multi-storey building, including precast reinforced concrete columns with holes in the level of the floors and a curved channel in the lower part of the floor section of the columns, prefabricated crossbars with releases of reinforcement on the upper side and at the ends, and on the upper face of the supporting part are rectangular towers for installation supporting reinforcement and hollow-core slabs, the end surfaces of which are made inclined to the plane of the plate along its entire height with an inclination angle of 14-16 °. Reinforced concrete columns running on several floors have different cross-sectional shapes: square, rectangular and angular, while maintaining the base size of the core section and a fixed number of reinforcing bars within the base core. The joint of the columns in height is made in the form of a plug connection, while the ends of the columns have releases of reinforcement and grooves, which include releases of reinforcement, the frame elements are connected to each other after laying the supporting reinforcement and combining them with loop clamps located across the width of the prefabricated crossbar, and is ensured for by monoling the prefabricated crossbar along the upper face with the simultaneous flow of concrete into the holes of the columns (RU 2281362, 08.20.2006).

Closest to the proposed invention is a structural system of a multi-storey building, including a precast-monolithic reinforced concrete frame formed by prefabricated multi-storey columns of rectangular cross-section, prefabricated rectangular over-pillar slabs with through-hole rectangular openings in their middle for passing columns and butt joining with them, prefabricated square inserts , supported by the edges on the consoles of the over-column plates and united by inter-plate seams into a single flat disc digging, as well as partitions and self-supporting external walls. The columns in height in the levels of the floor disks are made with concrete breaks and their working reinforcement is exposed to at least the floor thickness, the inner faces of the through holes of the over-pillar slabs are made inclined to the columns, in each concrete gap of the column in its composition made of monolithic concrete, a pyramidal wedge directed narrow part up and tightly adjacent by lateral faces to the inclined faces of the through holes of the column columns, the column columns are equipped with upper working fittings, concentrated in the form of groups (PU kov) directly along the faces of the through holes, with each pair of groups of rods located on both sides of the hole and oriented in mutually perpendicular directions so that along the contour of each through hole they form a closed border in the form of a reinforced concrete shell hidden in the slab, groups of rods bordering in this way a through hole of the popliteal plates, released beyond their edges and combined with the releases of the reinforcing rods of the insert plates so that in the alignments of the columns along the entire width and length of the building they are shaped or continuous continuous working reinforcement of beams hidden in the plane of the plates, arranged in accordance with the distribution of efforts over their spans, the columns of the extreme row are rigidly coupled directly to the inset plates by means of a reinforced concrete crossbar, passed through concrete breaks in the extreme columns over the entire length of the building and combined with the outer side is cantilevered with plates for arranging balconies and bay windows, while the outer walls are floor-mounted and columns of the outer row are placed in the thickness of the outer walls n (RU 2197578, 27.01.2003).

The disadvantage of these designs is that there is a large consumption of metal and the amount of welding work to combine the joints of the columns with the columns above the columns, its installation is time-consuming and dangerous for those involved in the installation, as well as the reduced rigidity of the frame at the installation stage, which leads to the formation of initial cracks in the nodes pairing crossbars with columns and, as a result, to reduce the rigidity of the building frame as a whole.

The problem to which the proposed invention is directed is to create such a prefabricated-monolithic housing construction system that would eliminate the above disadvantages.

The technical result achieved by the implementation of this invention is to minimize the deflection of the floor, increase the strength and deformation characteristics, comparable with a monolithic frame, as well as ensuring the versatility of the structural system, high reliability by improving the interface nodes of the frame elements, increased rigidity of the frame at the installation stage, high manufacturability of the frame assembly, reducing the complexity in the manufacture of floor slabs and the aesthetic attractiveness of residential premises eny.

The specified technical result in a precast-monolithic housing construction system comprising exterior facade panels, precast-monolithic reinforced concrete frame formed by internal wall panels, prefabricated columns and floor slabs interconnected by inter-tile seams is achieved by the fact that the floor slabs are formed by supporting and span plates, in this case, the base plates have a transverse groove in the middle with through vertical holes for reinforcement and are arranged to be placed on wall internal p nelyah with overhangs in span and span plates being arranged at midspan and bearing on bearing plates overhangs.

Floor slabs have openings for reinforcement in the transverse direction.

The wall inner panel at its upper and lower ends has a cavity for filling with concrete and grooves for controlling the filling of concrete with a cavity.

The columns have through holes for fittings.

Floor slabs are made with the possibility of placement with a step that is equal to the step of the wall panels.

Floor slabs and internal wall panels have reinforcing outlets made with the possibility of placement in the cavity between the plates and the formation of a reinforced concrete belt connecting the internal wall panels and floor slabs to each other, thus forming a single precast monolithic frame.

Floor slabs are solid or caesone type.

Interplate seams are keys, made with the possibility of the formation of hinges.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows a cross-section of a building frame with a diagram of the installation of floor slabs and internal wall panels; figure 2 - plot of bending moments in the vertical bearing walls and columns under the action of horizontal loads; figure 3 is a perspective view of the frame of the building from floor slabs and internal wall panels; 4 is a perspective view of an internal wall panel; figure 5 is a perspective view of a precast multi-story columns; 6 is a perspective view of a span floor slab; Fig.7 is a perspective view of the base plate overlap; Fig - node connecting the inner wall panels to each other; Fig.9 is a vertical section of the connection between the internal wall panels and floor slabs; figure 10 is a vertical section of the connection between the columns and slabs; 11 - precast-monolithic reinforced concrete frame of internal wall panels and floor slabs.

The prefabricated-monolithic housing construction system contains exterior facade panels 1, a precast-monolithic reinforced concrete frame formed by internal wall panels, 1 prefabricated columns 3 (multi-story) and floor slabs interconnected by inter-tile joints 4.

The slabs are formed by supporting 5 and span 6 plates, while the base plates 5 have a transverse groove 7 in the middle with through holes 8 for fittings 9 and are arranged to be placed on the wall inner panels 1 with overhangs in the span, and the span plates 6 are made with the possibility of placement in the middle of the span and resting on the overhangs of the base plates 5. The floor slabs 6 have transverse openings 10 for fittings 9.

The wall inner panel 1 at its upper and lower ends has a cavity 11 for filling with concrete and grooves 12 for controlling the filling of concrete with cavity 11.

Columns 3 have through holes 13 for reinforcement 9.

The floor slab 6 is made with the possibility of placement with a step that is equal to the step of the wall panels.

Floor slabs 6 and internal wall panels 1 have reinforcing outlets 14 configured to be placed in the cavity between the plates 5, 6 and form a reinforced concrete belt connecting the internal wall panels 1 and floor slabs 6 to each other, thus forming a single precast monolithic frame.

Floor slabs 6 are made solid or caesone type.

The claimed invention provides a precast-monolithic housing construction system, including precast-monolithic reinforced concrete frame of a building, consisting of individual elements - prefabricated multi-story columns 3, internal wall panels 2 and floor slabs. Panels and plates have reinforcing outlets 14 and are interconnected by monolithic cavities between them. At the same time, the resulting structure in its bearing capacity is close to the frame of monolithic concrete.

Figure 1 shows an exemplary diagram of a reinforced concrete frame of a building. A section of the structure in the B-V axes is considered. As a result of the static calculation of the overlap by any known method, one can obtain a diagram of the bending moments acting on the overlap. The plot of the moments in General is presented in figure 1. Such a diagram for a continuous beam design scheme has a fairly typical form and crosses the line of zero values at points q, e, g, and z. In the middle part of the span, the bending moment has a positive value and installation of the lower working reinforcement is required in the floor slab. In the supporting zone, the bending moment is of negative value, which requires the installation of the upper working reinforcement.

In the general case, at points with zero moment values (points q, e, g, and h), hinges can be introduced into the calculation scheme, which also give zero values of bending moments in the calculations. The performed verification calculations showed the identity of the results of calculations of continuous structures and structures into which hinges are inserted in places of zero value of bending moments. The resulting design scheme with hinges can be implemented in a building structure by arranging the hinged joints of structural elements of the floor in places of zero value of bending moments. An exemplary such diagram is shown in figure 1 at the bottom. On the supporting columns 3 or wall panels 2 rests on the floor, consisting of floor slabs. In the General case, this invention involves the use of floor slabs of two types: supporting 5 and span 6. These panels are interconnected by filling the cavity between them with cast concrete. Due to the grooves at the ends of the panels, the monolithic concrete forms interplate joints 4, which are keys 15, which act as hinges of the design scheme and ensure the joint operation of the floor slabs.

Figure 4 shows a General view of the inner wall panel 2. At its upper and lower ends it has cavities 11. Along the panel from top to bottom there are vertical through holes 16. U-shaped reinforcing outlets are made from the side ends of panel 2. Panel 2 has reinforcement 17 on each side. The diameter and pitch of the reinforcement 17 is determined by the structural design of the building and the calculation of the panel 2 for strength during transport and installation loads.

In Fig. 7, the base plate 5 is shown in general terms. In the places of installation of the inner wall panels 2, transverse grooves 7 are made on the upper and lower surfaces of the base plate 5. The vertical through holes 8 in the groove 7 of the plate 5 correspond to the holes 16 in the arrangement, pitch and diameter in the inner wall panels 2. In the transverse direction of the plate 5 there are openings 10. Plates 5 of this type are reinforced in the upper and lower zones with reinforcing meshes. The working reinforcement is, as a rule, the upper reinforcement in the direction of the overhang of the panel. Transverse upper reinforcement and lower reinforcement are selected, as a rule, from structural considerations. Base plates 5 overlap can be solid or caesone type.

Span plate 6, shown in Fig.6, also has a transverse direction of the hole 10. For this plate, the calculated reinforcement is the bottom reinforcement, usually in the longitudinal direction of the plate 6. The buttress reinforcement of the plate 6 is assigned according to design requirements. Span slabs 6 may be solid or caesone type.

Figure 3 illustrates the proposed system of prefabricated monolithic housing construction assembly. The frame of the building is erected in the following order. Prefabricated internal wall panels 2 or columns 3 are installed in the design position and held by conductors. Panels 2, forming one continuous wall, are located at some distance from each other. The distance recommended by the present invention is 150 mm. In this space, the reinforcing outlets 14 from the inner wall panels 2 are located and additional reinforcement 9 — vertical reinforcing bars — are installed. In the vertical through holes 16 install reinforcement 9 - reinforcing bars. The cavity 11 is filled with finely dispersed concrete. The filling of the cavities 11 forming the keys 15 is controlled by observing the grooves 12 through which concrete will leak if the walls of the walls are properly filled. The spaces between the panels 2 are filled with monolithic concrete, which forms the dowels 15. Due to the reinforcing outlets 14 from the internal wall panels 2 and additional fittings 9 - vertical reinforcing bars 18, monolithic in the dowel 15, a number of internal wall panels 2 form a single structure that can effectively perceive vertical and horizontal loads acting on the bearing walls of the building. When seismic effects in the vertical bearing walls can occur significant bending moments (figure 2), for the perception of which in the cavity 11 of the wall panels 2 establish reinforcing bars, the diameter of which is determined by the calculation of the building. The length of the rods should be sufficient so that they fit into the cavity 11 pa the entire height of the wall panel 2 and have outlets above the upper surface of the floor slab - the base plate 5 by the amount recommended to ensure overlapping reinforcing bars of this diameter.

To maintain the floor slabs in the design position for the duration of the monolithic joints, any known system of racks and beams is installed on the ceiling of the underlying floor to support the formwork of the floors. A feature of this invention is that there is no need to form a continuous surface of the formwork under the floor slab, as is done when performing a monolithic floor. Formwork must be installed in separate strips at the joints of individual slabs. This significantly reduces the cost of formwork floors and the time of its installation.

On top of the internal wall panels 2 or columns 3, support plates 5 are installed so that the holes 8 in the plates 5 coincide with the holes 16 of the columns 3 or of the internal wall panels 2, while the reinforcing bars 18 are installed in the holes 16 of the columns 3 or wall panels 2 fall into the holes 8. It is allowed to install reinforcing bars 18 after mounting the base plates 5. Simultaneously with the installation of the base plates 5, the installation of span plates 6. The gap -150 mm recommended by the present invention is installed. In the gaps between the floor slabs fittings 9, which is assigned, as a rule, from design requirements. In the horizontal openings 10 of the floor slabs 6, fittings 9 - rope fittings 19 are laid. The gaps between the panels are filled with monolithic concrete forming the keys 15. After the strength of the concrete with the monolithic keys 15 is set, tension is created in the cable reinforcement 19, which significantly increases crack resistance and reduces the deflection of the plates floors, and also allows you to use the considered system of structures during construction in seismic areas. After installing the anchors of the stretched rope fittings 19, the holes 10 of the floor slabs are filled with finely dispersed concrete. A finely dispersed concrete composition is also poured into the holes 8, which monolizes the rods 18 together with the outlets from the walls of the underlying floors and forms a key 15 at the junction of the internal wall panels 2 and the floor slabs - base plates 5 (Fig. 9).

Following the implementation of the elements of the supporting frame of the building and a set of sufficient strength by them, the installation of facade wall panels 1 (concrete) is carried out, which with the help of supports 20 are installed on the ceiling made by the proposed technology. In the framework of this invention, the installation and fastening system of the facade panels 1 is not the subject of description and can be performed according to any known scheme that provides the proper characteristics of the facade structure. After installation and fastening of the front panels, the internal structure of the outer wall 21 is made, which in the general case can be a metal or wooden frame 22, the space between the posts of which is filled with mineral wool insulation. A vapor barrier film is arranged on the inner surface in such a way as to provide a continuous casing around the heated volume of the building. Then, sheet or plate material is hung and attached to the frame, forming the inner surface of the outer wall 21, which is subject to the finishing of the premises of the building.

Subsequent floors of the building are likewise erected.

Description of the method of erecting reinforced concrete structures of a building from factory-made wall panels of internal, external facade, columns and floor slabs. The internal walls of the building are formed by the construction of wall panels, interconnected by monolithic reinforced concrete belts. Floor slabs are usually divided into two types - supporting and span. Base plates are located on the walls with overhangs in the span. The length of the overhang is determined by calculation on the plot of the moments. The edge of the floor slab is located at the point where the moment diagram for the continuous beam design scheme is zero. For an equal-span scheme, the length of the overhang is about 1/4 of the span. Span plates are located in the middle of the span and are supported by overhangs of base plates or external walls. For an equal-span scheme, their length will be about 1/2 span. Floor slabs are arranged with a step, which, as a rule, is equal to the step of the panels of the bearing walls. Floor slabs and internal wall panels have reinforcing outlets that are located in the cavity between the plates or panels and, after filling them with cast concrete, form reinforced concrete belts connecting the internal wall panels and floor slabs to each other, forming a single precast monolithic frame. The recommended width of the internal wall panels and floor slabs is in the range from 600 to 2000 mm. Floor slabs can be solid or caesone type. Subsequently, external facade wall panels are hung on the ceiling of the frame, which are insulated from the inside with mineral wool plates.

The methodology for designing and erecting a precast-reinforced concrete post-stressed building frame from columns, panels of internal walls and floor slabs, in which the location of the joints of the floor slabs are selected so as to minimize floor deflection.

The prefabricated columns and interior wall panels are supplied with holes that correspond to the position of the outlets from the underlying columns, wall panels, or foundation. Reinforcing bars are inserted into the cavity of the column or the base of the panel with an overlap on the rods released from the underlying column, wall panel or foundation. Then the cavity is filled with a solution. Another feature of the claimed invention is that in the floor slabs there are vertical holes through which the vertical reinforcement of the columns and walls is passed. When connected in this way, floor slabs, together with columns and internal walls, form a strong structure made almost entirely of individual elements. Internal wall panels, columns and floor panels can be made both in the factory and directly on the construction site where the building is being built. The main distinguishing feature of this invention is that the floor panels do not rest with their edges on the supporting walls, as in all modern structures, but, as a rule, there are two main types of floor panels: supporting and span. The support panels are installed on the supporting walls and columns in such a way that they have overhangs in the direction of adjacent spans, and the flight panels are installed in the space between the support panels or rest on the supporting walls and columns. The seams between the individual panels are filled with monolithic concrete, which, filling the cavities in the ends of the floor panels, forms the dowels that ensure the joint work of the floor slabs.

Thus, this invention allows the construction of individual buildings and structures. The supporting frame of the building consists of modular elements (columns, wall panels and floor slabs). This results in a design that has strength and deformation characteristics comparable to a monolithic frame.

Claims (8)

1. The system of prefabricated-monolithic housing construction, characterized in that it contains exterior facade panels, a prefabricated-monolithic reinforced concrete frame formed by internal wall panels, prefabricated columns and floor slabs interconnected by inter-tile seams, while the floor slabs are formed by supporting and span plates, in the middle, on the upper and lower surfaces of the base plate at the places of installation of the wall inner panels, a transverse groove is made with through vertical holes for the reinforcement, polar plates are made to be positioned on the internal wall panels with overhangs in span and span plates being arranged at midspan and bearing on bearing plates overhangs. 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the floor slabs have openings in the transverse direction for the reinforcement. 3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that the wall inner panel at its upper and lower ends has a cavity for filling with concrete and grooves for controlling the filling of concrete with the cavity. 4. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that the columns have through holes for reinforcement. 5. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that the floor slabs are made with the possibility of placement with a step that is equal to the step of the wall panels. 6. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that the floor slabs and internal wall panels have reinforcement outlets configured to be placed in the cavity between the plates and form a reinforced concrete belt connecting the internal wall panels and floor slabs to each other, thereby forming a single assembly monolithic frame. 7. The system according to claim 6, characterized in that the floor slabs are solid or caesone type. 8. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that the interplate seams are keys, made with the possibility of the formation of hinges.

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