RU2370583C2 - Method of giving hydrophilic properties to fibrous materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: textile industry.

SUBSTANCE: method consists in treatment of textile material made from fibres of various kind with water solution of oxyalkyleneorganosilokean of formula (1) with the subsequent drying at room temperature and thermal treatment at 110°C during 10 min.

, where

; 1, p, k, n, m - number of molecules in groups and number of groups accordingly; 1=14-4; p-4-14; k=1-4; m=15-24 n=1-5; R'- -CH₃, -C₂H₅.

EFFECT: increasing hydrophilic behaviour of fibres, introduction of additional emulgators and thickeners to the solution is not required.

Description

The invention relates to textile production and can be used to increase the hydrophilic properties of textile fibers.

A known method of hydrophilizing finishing of textile materials by grafting poly (meth) acrylate and converting it into a sodium salt [Patent No. 93025881. Russia. Publ. 1996.08.10. The method of hydrophilizing finishing textile materials].

The disadvantage of this method is the need for processing the fibrous material with a solution of alkali and sodium hydrogen phosphate and further washing with hot water, as well as the inability to use it for a mixture of fibers of various nature.

The closest adopted as a prototype is a method of processing a textile material with a composition containing a mixture of polyorganosiloxane and polydiorganosiloxane [Patent No. 3932276. Germany. Composition for processing textiles and processing method]. The polyorganosiloxane used has hydrophilic properties, but is a water-insoluble compound. To increase its emulsifying ability in the processing of fibrous materials, another polyorganosiloxane, which acts as a surfactant, is added. The disadvantage of this method is the instability of the emulsion, its ability to coagulate, due to the properties of the used polyorganosiloxane.

The objective of the proposed method for giving fibrous materials hydrophilic properties is to increase the hydrophilicity of the fibers by treatment with a solution of water-soluble hydrophilic hydroxyalkylene organosiloxane.

This problem is solved by the method of imparting hydrophilic properties to fibrous materials of fibers of various nature by impregnation with an aqueous solution of oxyalkyleneorganosiloxane followed by drying at room temperature and heat treatment at 110 ° C for 10 min, in which water-soluble oxyalkyleneorganosiloxanes of the general formula [Sobolevsky M .V., Muzovskaya O.A., Popeleva G.S. Properties and applications of organosilicon products. Under the general ed. prof. M.V.Sobolevsky. M .: Chemistry, 1975 - 96 S.]:

, -О-;where X = -CH ₂ -,

, -ABOUT-;

l, p, k, n, m - the number of molecules in groups and the number of groups, respectively;

l = 14-4, p = 4-14, k = 1-4, n = 1-5, m = 15-24;

R '= - CH ₃ , -C ₂ H ₅ .

The presence of oxyethylene units in these oxyalkyleneorganosiloxanes determines their solubility in water. These substances are hydrophilic among polyorganosiloxanes, which usually have hydrophobic properties.

When an aqueous solution of this oxyalkyleneorganosiloxane is applied to the fibrous material, a monomolecular nanosized organosiloxane polymer coating is formed on the surface of the fibers, the silicon atoms of which have hydrophilic hydroxyalkylene radicals covalently bonded to them, located perpendicular to the fiber surface (Fig. 1) - "brush geometry" of the polymer coating.

The mechanism of formation of such organosiloxane polymer coatings on a fiber is based on the interaction of reactive hydrophilic silanol Si-OH groups of oxyalkyleneorganosiloxane with hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino, and other reactive groups of the fibrous material. The oxyethylene groups of oxyalkyleneorganosiloxane cause an increase in the hydrophilic properties of the fibers.

Interaction with keratin wool. The terminal carboxyl COOH groups of the amino acids of the wool react with silanol Si — OH groups of oxyalkylene organosiloxane to produce water. A similar mechanism is observed for silk and kapron.

Interaction with cotton pulp. The terminal hydroxyl OH groups of cotton react with the Si-OH groups of oxyalkyleneorganosiloxane to produce water.

Interaction with polyethylene terephthalate (lavsan). The terminal carboxyl COOH and hydroxyl alcohol OH groups of the lavsan react with the silanol groups of oxyalkyleneorganosiloxane to also form water.

Water is removed by heat treatment of the fibrous material, which is necessary for the formation of covalent bonds between the functional groups of oxyalkyleneorganosiloxane and the surface of the fibrous material.

The data of IR spectra taken from modified samples of fibrous materials contain stretching vibration bands of Si-O-Si bonds in the region of 1080-1020 cm ^-1 , Si-OC bonds in the region of 880-810 cm ^-1 , -C (O) OR bonds in the region of 1750-1735 cm ^-1 and deformation vibrations of Si-C bonds in the region of 1260 and 800 cm ^-1 .

The general methodology for processing fibrous materials is as follows:

1. To increase the hydrophilicity of textile fibers, a 1% aqueous solution of oxyalkyleneorganosiloxane is prepared.

2. The fibrous material is impregnated with this solution and left to be aged at room temperature in order to ensure its uniformity over the entire volume of impregnation. The operation is repeated until the weight gain of the fibrous material reaches 1-5% of the mass.

3. The modified fibrous material is subjected to heat treatment at 110 ° C for 10 min in order to fix the oxoalkylene organosiloxane on the fiber.

Example 1. The treatment of fibrous material with a 1.5% solution of oxyalkyleneorganosiloxane, in which X = -CH ₂ -. As a fibrous material, samples of a half-woolen combed ribbon were taken (70% - wool, 30% - lavsan). Processing was carried out according to the described methodology. The increase in the hydrophilicity of the fibers was evaluated by the moisture content of the treated samples compared to the moisture content of the untreated ones. Drying kinetics are shown in FIG. 2.

. В качестве волокнистого материала были взяты образцы той же полушерстяной гребенной ленты. Кинетика сушки показана на фиг.3.Example 2. The treatment of fibrous material with a 1.5% solution of oxyalkyleneorganosiloxane, in which

. Samples of the same half-woolen combed ribbon were taken as fibrous material. Drying kinetics are shown in FIG. 3.

Example 3. The processing of the specified fibrous material with a 1.5% solution of oxyalkyleneorganosiloxane, in which X = -O-. Drying kinetics are shown in FIG. 4.

An analysis of the drying kinetics showed that with an increase in the amount of oxyalkyleneorganosiloxane under appropriate drying conditions, the relative moisture content of the samples increases. When processing the fibrous material with oxyalkyleneorganosiloxane with a specific radical X, no significant difference in the increase in hydrophilic properties was noted.

Example 4. The treatment of fibrous material with a 1% solution of oxyalkyleneorganosiloxane, in which X = -CH ₂ -. Samples of polyester, cotton and pure-wool comb ribbons were taken as fibrous material. The increase in the hydrophilicity of the material was evaluated by moisture content. The change in moisture content of the samples was studied by drying kinetics (Fig. 5). The moisture content of pure wool tape rises more than polyester.

Example 5. The treatment of fibrous material with a 1% solution of oxyalkyleneorganosiloxane, in which X = -CH ₂ -. Fabric samples were taken as fibrous material: twill (2 × 2), cotton - 100%; twill (2 × 1), cotton - 100%; twill (2 × 2), cotton - 70% and viscose - 30%. The increase in hydrophilic properties was evaluated by moisture content (table 1).

Example 6. The treatment of fibrous material with a 5% solution of oxyalkyleneorganosiloxane, in which X = -CH ₂ -. As a fibrous material, samples of a half-woolen combed ribbon were taken. The increase in hydrophilic properties was evaluated by moisture content (table 2).

Analysis of the results of the study showed that treatment with an aqueous solution of oxyalkyleneorganosiloxane gives the fibrous materials hydrophilic properties, the moisture content of the samples of fibrous materials increases up to 1.8 times.

Thus, the proposed treatment of the fibrous material with an aqueous solution of oxyalkyleneorganosiloxane can increase the hydrophilicity of textile materials from fibers of various nature, and the oxyalkyleneorganosiloxanes used are water-soluble, hydrolytically stable surface modifiers of the fibers.

Claims (1)

A method of imparting hydrophilic properties to fibrous materials of fibers of various nature by impregnating an oxyalkyleneorganosiloxane aqueous solution with subsequent drying at room temperature and heat treatment, characterized in that the heat treatment is carried out at 110 ° C. for 10 minutes and a water-soluble oxyalkyleneorganosiloxane of the general formula is used

where x is -CH ₂ -,

-O-;
l, p, k, n, m - the number of molecules in groups and the number of groups, respectively;
l = 14-4; p is 4-14; k is 1-4; m is 15-24; n is 1-5;
R'- -CH ₃ , -C ₂ H ₅ .

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