RU2147593C1 - Difficultly combustible thermoplast-based composite material - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: manufacture of cheap roofing materials, warm floors and other building materials. SUBSTANCE: described is difficultly combustible composite material comprising polymer, mineral filler and antipyrene additive. Antipyrene additive is mono- or disubstituted ammonium phosphate or mixture thereof and calcium or magnesium carbonate thereof or mixture thereof, ratios of components being as follows, wt %: polymer, 12-25; mono- or disubstituted ammonium phosphate or mixture thereof, 17-23; calcium or magnesium carbonate or mixture thereof, 1-12; and the filler balance. EFFECT: satisfactory physical and chemical properties of difficultly combustible materials based on various thermoplastic and mineral fillers. 3 cl, 3 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to the production of slow-burning composite materials based on thermoplastics, which can be used to produce cheap roofing materials, underfloor heating and other building materials.

 Known composite materials using a polymer binder for the manufacture of products used in construction and hydraulic structures.

 They are mixtures of a polymer material with mineral fillers or aggregates, which are used as expanded clay and quartz sand, brick or glass break, perlite, crumb rubber, sawdust.

 The disadvantage of these materials is their combustibility, which significantly limits their use.

 The closest to the proposed nonflammable composite material based on waste thermoplastics is a polymer concrete material comprising a mixture of high and low pressure polyethylene with mineral fillers and fillers, and the filler and filler are of the same nature, however, the difference between filler and filler is their different fractional composition : 0.008-0.63 mm and 1-10 mm, respectively. The polymer concrete mixtures obtained by the method belong to the class of combustible materials, which is a limiting factor to their widespread use. The use of flame retardants described in the literature (aluminum and magnesium hydroxides, synergistic mixtures of antimony oxide with halogen-containing organic compounds) does not translate composite materials based on polymers and mineral fillers into the category of refractory materials (SU 1511236 A1).

 The objective of the proposed technical solution is to obtain refractory materials with satisfactory physico-chemical characteristics based on various thermoplastics and mineral fillers.

This object is achieved in that the composite material, including the polymer, the mineral filler, further comprises a nitrogen-phosphorus-containing flame retardant (mono-, disubstituted ammonium phosphate or a mixture thereof) and divalent metal carbonate. In order to impart the necessary color, the material additionally contains dye in the following ratio of components, wt.%:
polymer - 12-25
nitrogen-phosphorus-containing combustion retardant - 17-23
ferrous metal carbonate - 1-12
dye - 4-5
filler - the rest
As a nitrogen-phosphorus-containing combustion inhibitor, the composite material may contain both individual primary or secondary ammonium phosphate, or a mixture thereof. The most affordable and cheapest mixture of these phosphates is the industrial product ammophos.

 As alkaline earth metal carbonates, the claimed material contains Mg or Ca carbonate or a mixture thereof. The most affordable and cheapest is the natural mineral dolomite, which is a mixture of Mg and Ca carbonates.

 As polymers in the claimed composite material can be used waste thermoplastics, as the cheapest (secondary polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride).

 As a filler, the material contains silica sand or a mixture thereof with other known non-combustible fillers in an arbitrary ratio.

For coloring the composite material, the dyes described in the literature are used: inorganic colored oxides, for example Fe ₂ O ₃ , Fe ₃ O ₄ , Cr ₂ O ₃ , the introduction of which into the material ensures its stable color.

 The slow-burning composite material based on thermoplastics is prepared as follows.

The secondary polymer (polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride) is mixed on heated rollers with a temperature of 110 to 160 ^o C depending on the nature of the polymer with the required amount of a mixture of sand, dye and flame retardants. A mixture of these ingredients is added to the polymer in portions over a period of 20-30 minutes. Mixing is done until a homogeneous mass. Plates of 60 x 150 mm in size and 10-15 mm thick at a temperature of 160-170 ^o C for 15-20 minutes were pressed from a rolled sheet on an electrically heated press.

 To determine the combustibility group of composite materials based on thermoplastics, three samples of each composition were prepared with a length of 60 ± 1 mm, a height of 150 ± 3 mm, and a thickness of 10-15 mm. The samples were subjected to conditioning, after which the samples were subjected to fire tests to determine the combustibility group by the method of a ceramic pipe according to paragraph 4.3. GOST 12.1.044-89.

 The compositions of the mixtures used are presented in table 1, the physicochemical parameters of composite materials based on thermoplastics are presented in table 2.

 The data in table 3 show that the proposed moderators transfer composite materials based on thermoplastics into a group of slow-burning materials.

 The examples given in table 1-3 show that the developed formulations of composite materials based on thermoplastics have physicomechanical characteristics comparable with the prototype, however, the use of combustion retardants allows to obtain refractory materials, which significantly expands their field of application in comparison with combustible compositions.

Sources of information
1. A.S. USSR N 321506 dated 03/28/67, class C 04 B 28/2.

 2. A.S. USSR N 239547 dated 03/28/67, class C 08 F 29/04.

 3. A.S. USSR N 1511236 from 09.09.88, class. C 09 D 26/04.

 4. Pat. RF N 2069671 dated 03.22.94, class. 6 C 08 F 75/14; C 08 L 23/06, 23/12, 25/06, 27/06.

Claims (2)

1. A slow-burning composite material, including a polymer, a mineral filler, and a flame retardant, characterized in that it contains mono-, disubstituted ammonium phosphate or a mixture thereof and calcium or magnesium carbonate or a mixture thereof in the following ratio of components, wt.%, As a flame retardant :
Polymer - 12 - 25
Mono-, disubstituted ammonium phosphate or a mixture thereof - 17 - 23
Calcium or magnesium carbonate or a mixture thereof - 1 - 12
Filler - Else
2. The slow-burning composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride as a polymer.  3. The slow-burning composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that it additionally contains 4 to 5 wt.% Dye.

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