RU2076603C1 - Method of agriculture crop productivity increase - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to biological protection of crops against fungal diseases. Method involves presowing seed treatment or spraying vegetating plants with 0.0003% aqueous solution of winter rye extract lyophilizate at consumption 8-12 l per seeds ton or 300 l per 1 ha, respectively. EFFECT: enhanced effectiveness of plant protection. 11 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, and in particular to means used to increase the productivity of agricultural plants, as well as to combat fungal diseases of cultivated crops. Recently aggravated environmental and, in connection with this, social problems caused by the widespread use of chemical means to increase productivity, require new approaches and methods in which the use of pesticides would be reduced to an absolutely necessary minimum (1).

 It is known to use the Bacillus theringiensis strain IPM-215 (Bacifit preparation) to suppress the development of pathogens of fusariosis of vegetable, melon and industrial crops, powdery mildew of cucumbers, verticillum wilt of cotton (2).

However, this drug inhibits the development of fungal pathogens of cereal diseases by only 10 30%
It is also known to use the fungicides “Baytan” (triadimenol 15% + fubaridazole 2.5 + imazalil 2.0%) and “TMTD” (thiram) as seed dressers (3). However, the use of chemical plant protection products in agriculture has led to increased environmental pollution and negative environmental consequences in general. In addition, the Baytan preparation has pronounced retardant properties (4). Etching with these drugs is carried out using universal machines PS-10 or Mobitox. The calculation of the required quantity of dressing agent depends on the crops being cultivated and is 2000 g per 1 ton of seeds for Baytan and 1500 8000 g per 1 ton of seeds for TMTD.

 The aim of the invention is to find effective and environmentally friendly means of increasing crop yields. The goal is achieved by pre-sowing treatment of seeds and vegetative plants of crops with the preparation "Stifun" (working title).

 Pre-sowing seed treatment is carried out by universal dressing machines PS-10 or Mobitox. The calculation of the required amount of drug and water for refueling the tank is as follows. For example, for 1 ton of seeds during pre-sowing treatment, 12 l of a 0.003% working solution of the preparation is necessary. Tank capacity PS-10 200 l. Therefore, to fill this tank, 6.0 g of the drug is needed.

 Thus, to obtain the right amount of working fluid, it is necessary to prepare the mother liquor, taking 6.0 g of the drug and dissolving it in 10 l of water. The treater tank is half-filled with water, the mother liquor of the preparation is added and added with water. After that proceed directly to the processing of seeds.

 The proposed drug is prepared as follows.

The seeds of winter rye are germinated for 3 to 4 days at a temperature of 20 - 25 ^o C. After this time, the seedlings are poured with 2.5 volumes of distilled water or 70% alcohol, washed thoroughly and filtered through a dense material. The resulting biological product solution is poured into cuvettes and frozen at a temperature of -20 ^o C. Then the cuvettes are installed in the chamber of the freeze dryer and the frozen biological product is dried in vacuum. The dried preparation is a powder of light gray or dark gray.

,
где D_k диаметр колоний в контроле;
D_o диаметр колоний в опыте.Example 1. Evaluation of the fungicidal activity of the drug was carried out on pure cultures of phytopathogenic fungi according to the guidelines for determining the fungicidal activity of new compounds (5). For experiments used 2% potato agar medium. In a medium cooled to 50 ^° C, a 1% solution of the preparation was added to a final concentration of 0.003%. Then it was immediately poured into Petri dishes with a diameter of 10 cm and left overnight in a sterile cabinet at room temperature. A suspension of fungi was applied dropwise to the surface of the frozen nutrient medium. Petri dishes coated with test objects (F. oxysporum, F. nivale, H.sativum) were kept in a sterile cabinet for 3 5 days at a temperature of 25 ^o C. When calculating the linear growth (diameter value) of the fungal colonies was taken into account. This indicator compared the growth of colonies in the control (medium without fungicide) and on media with the injected drugs. Inhibition of colony growth (T%) was calculated by the formula

,
where D _{k the} diameter of the colonies in the control;
D _{o the} diameter of the colonies in the experiment.

 The repetition of the experiments is fourfold. The results of the experiments are given in table 1.

 The results of laboratory studies of this drug indicate its higher fungicidal activity compared to the standard ("Baytan").

Example 2. The stimulating activity of the drug was determined by the roll method (GOST 12044-81). For this, 50 100 seeds of the test object were counted and treated with a preparation of 0.003% concentration. Treated seeds were sown between strips of moistened filter paper. Strips of filter paper with seeds were rolled up and placed vertically in vessels with water. Germination was carried out at a temperature of 20 ^o C in a thermostat for 5 to 7 days. Repeat 3-fold. After the germination period, the rolls were unrolled and seedlings were evaluated. The results of the experiments are given in table. 2.

 From the data table. Figure 2 shows that when treating seeds with the Stifun preparation, the laboratory germination of seeds, the length of the root, the seedling and the weight of one plant of winter rye, spring wheat, oats, peas, buckwheat, rape, cabbage, tomato, black onion and carrots. It should be noted that according to these indicators, the effectiveness of this drug also exceeds the reference preparations "Bacifit", "Baytan" and "TMTD". It follows that the drug "Stifun" shows a stimulating activity.

 Example 3. Tests in the field using "Stifuna" was carried out by pre-sowing treatment of seeds of crops. Spring wheat seeds were treated using a PS-10 seed dressing machine by dissolving 0.4 g of the Stifun preparation in 12 liters of water per 1 ton of seeds. The area of the experimental plots is 0.5 ha; the repetition is 3 times. Evaluation of the effectiveness of drugs against diseases was carried out against a natural background by a sheaf analysis. To determine the yield and its structure, test sheaves from each plot were selected.

 Similarly, tests were conducted on barley and buckwheat. The results are summarized in table. 3.

 As can be seen from the table. 3, when pre-sowing seed treatment with the preparation "Stifun", the grain yield of wheat, barley and buckwheat increases from 3.0 to 7.5 kg / ha. Moreover, the degree of development of root rot is at the level of the standard ("Baytan").

Example 4. Tests of the drug "Stifun" in the field on vegetable crops was carried out by pre-sowing seed treatment of carrots. Presowing treatment of carrot seeds was carried out by soaking the seeds for 6 hours in a working solution prepared at the rate of 2.0 g of the preparation "Stifun" in 10 l of water per 1 ton of seeds. After 6 hours, the excess solution was poured out and the seeds were brought to a dry-air state in the shade in a ventilated room. The plot area is 100 m ² , the repetition is 3-fold. Carrot yield was determined by weighing the dug root crops from the control and experimental plots.

 Similarly conducted tests on cabbage. During the behavior of the tests of the preparation "Stifun" on the onion, the onion set was soaked for 24 hours.

 The test results are given in table. 4.

 As can be seen from the table. 4, when pre-sowing seed treatment of vegetable crops, there is an increase in the yield of carrots by 47.4 c / ha, cabbage 82.0 c / ha and onion turnips 34.1 c / ha.

Example 5. Tests of the drug "Stifun" against aerogenic infection was carried out by spraying vegetative plants of spring wheat in the bumping phase. Plots of spring wheat cultivars of the "Simbirka" variety, with an area of 10 m ² in 3 replicates, sprayers using a backpack sprayer based on the preparation of 9.0 g per 1 ha, and the reference preparation "Batsifit" 7.5 kg per 1 ha . The flow rate of the working fluid is 300 l / ha. The results of the experiments are given in table. 5.

 Test results on vegetative plants of spring wheat showed (Table 4) that the biological product "Stifun" exhibits fungicidal activity against brown rust and powdery mildew pathogens. In this indicator, the test drug exceeds the effectiveness of the biological product "Bacifit".

 Example 6. Production experiments to test the drug "Stifun" was carried out on crops of spring wheat. Pre-sowing seed treatment was carried out using a PS-10 seed dressing machine by dissolving 0.4 g of the preparation in 12 liters of water per 1 ton of seeds. Grain yield was determined after harvesting. Structural analysis and evaluation of the effectiveness of the drug against diseases was carried out by a sheaf analysis.

 Similar tests were carried out on barley, peas, winter rye, oats and canola. The test results are presented in table. 6 11.

The results of production tests indicate the stimulating effect of the drug "Stifun" on plants of agricultural crops (see tab. 6 11). So, for example, in the pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds, the increase in grain yield compared to the control amounted to 4.6 5.2 c / ha; barley 3.0 c / ha; peas 3.1 3.6 t / ha; winter rye 5.3 c / ha; oats 5.3 c / ha; rapeseed is 6.8 kg / ha, while the standard ("Baytan", "TMTD", "Batsifit") in the range of 3.1 to 4.2 kg / ha. It should be noted that the increase in the grain yield during the processing of seeds of grain crops was facilitated by the positive effect of the drug "Stifun" on the increase in the number of plants and productive stems per unit area, the decrease in the grain freeness index, the mass of grain per one ear, the grain size, the increase in plant length, more powerful plant development. Along with this, a decrease in the degree of development of root rot by 6.6 18.5%
Pre-sowing seed treatment of a number of vegetable crops also significantly increases the yield of these crops compared not only to the control, but also to the standard preparation "TMTD". Thus, the harvest of processed root crops of carrots exceeded the harvest of unprocessed ones by 47.4 centner / ha, head of cabbage by 82.0 centner / ha and onion turnips by 34.1 centner / ha.

 The proposed tool in comparison with the base (Baytan, TMTD, Batsifit) has several advantages.

1. Biological product "Stifun" increases the yield of grain and vegetable crops by 20.0 40.0%
2. Biological product "Stifun" has a wide range of fungicidal action, causing a decrease in the development of diseases of agricultural. cultures.

 3. The stimulating activity of "Stifuna" on plants agricultural. crops manifests itself in a positive effect on the elements of the crop structure of these crops.

 4. Good solubility in water.

 5. "Stifun" is a herbal preparation and is non-toxic to fish, bees, warm-blooded and environmentally friendly to the environment.

 6. The economic efficiency from the use of the drug "Stifun" by increasing the grain yield will be 25 30 thousand rubles / ha (calculated on 11/30/1993).

 7. The recommended dose of the proposed drug is 0.4 2.0 g / t, which is 1000 3000 times less than the used doses (2000 6000 g / t) of known drugs.

 8. The proposed drug belongs to the IV class of toxicity and is completely harmless to warm-blooded (GOST 12.1.007-76). The average lethal dose for rats has not been established, animals tolerate the introduction of a dose of 10 g / kg into the stomach without signs of intoxication.

Claims (1)

 A method of increasing crop yields, including pre-sowing seed treatment or spraying vegetative plants with a biologically active substance, characterized in that a 0.0003% aqueous solution of winter rye extract lyophilisate is used as a biologically active substance at a flow rate of 8 12 l per ton of seeds or 300 l per 1 ha of vegetative plants.

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