RU2065871C1 - Worm press for extracting juice from raw plant material - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: continuous extraction of juice from fruits such as apples and berries. SUBSTANCE: press has auxiliary coil positioned at the side adjacent to pressure regulator. End of auxiliary coil is offset relative to main coil in the direction of pressure regulator. Auxiliary coil is provided with at least one opening having size less than coil height. EFFECT: increased efficiency, improved quality of juice, reduced power consumption. 2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to mechanical devices for the continuous extraction of juice from plant materials, mainly from crushed apples and berries, and can be used in the canning and juice extract industries of the agro-industrial complex.

 Known screw press (US patent, class 01 D 25/28, N 4287058, publ. In 1981), containing a hopper with a perforated groove, a perforated drum with a screw, a drive, a pressure regulating pressure and a juice collector, characterized in that it uses a two-start screw to intensify the pressing of raw materials by doubling the number of zones of pressure of the screw on the pressed mass. However, as a result of the fact that the contact surface area of the screw turns with the pressed mass also doubles, the adhesion forces of the mass with the screw increase and it is actively involved in the rotation of the screw, as a result of which the press performance decreases, and the pressed mass, rotating with the screw, is rubbed against the inner surface perforated drum and in the form of small particles passes into detachable juice, i.e. increases the content of suspensions, which affects the quality of the juice.

 Closest to the claimed design according to the device and the principle of operation is a press adopted as a prototype (a. From. USSR N 398604, class C 12 G 1/02, 30 V 9/18, 1973, bull. N 38) and containing a frame , hopper with perforated groove, perforated drum with auger, drive, pressing pressure regulator and juice collector. This press is characterized by the fact that the section of the pressing screw from the side of the pressing pressure regulator is equipped with additional turns of lower height, intensifying the process of juice separation and increasing the yield of juice. The pressed mass coming out of the inter-turn channels of the previous section of the screw is cut by additional turns and, under the influence of a larger number of pressure zones, is more intensively wrung out. Due to the fact that the area of the screw turns and their adhesion forces to the mass slightly increase due to the small length of the additional turns, there is no significant drop in press performance, and the juice yield increases.

 The juice extracted from the pressed mass through the perforation of the drum is discharged into the juice collector.

 The disadvantage of the prototype is that the increase in the yield of extracted juice is not enough, and the suspension content in it is increased with significant specific energy consumption for pressing, since the pressed mass passing in the form of a spiral strip from the inter-turn channels of the press to the final pressing chamber (the section of the perforated drum between the end face screw and a pressure regulator), has a very compact structure with compressed, flattened drainage channels of small cross section, requires a sufficiently large pressure pressing to extract juice from the particles of the pulp located in the thickness of the strip, and to move this juice through poorly permeable channels in the pulp, which is accompanied by forcing the pulp particles through the perforation of the drum and saturation of the juice, as well as significant specific energy consumption for the pressing process at high pressing pressure .

 The technical problem solved by the invention is to increase the yield of extracted juice from each ton of processed raw materials, improve its quality by reducing the suspension content and reducing specific energy consumption for pressing the product by loosening and mixing the pressed mass passing from the screw channel to the final pressing chamber and through a hole in the additional turn into the pressure zone of the main turn, while updating the system of its drainage channels to facilitate drainage of juice while reducing detecting pressing.

 To achieve this goal, in a press containing a frame, a hopper with a perforated groove, a perforated drum with a screw having an additional turn, a drive, a pressing pressure regulator and a juice collector, the additional screw turn has a hole and is displaced in the axial direction relative to the end of the main turn towards the pressure regulator pressing.

 The size of the hole is assigned less than the height of the turn, since a further increase in the size of the hole in the radial direction leads to the fact that the turn of the screw becomes intermittent, and therefore its bending strength is significantly reduced. An increase in the circumferential (along an arc of a concentric circle) hole size above the height of the turn leads to an excessive decrease in pressure on the frontal surface at the end of the additional turn, which makes it difficult for the spiral strip of the squeezed pulp from this surface to enter the final pressing chamber.

 At the same time, the pulp of a significant number of types of plant materials, depending on its degree of maturity, has a very high viscosity, which makes it difficult for the incompletely pressed pulp to pass through the hole. Therefore, for the efficient processing of such raw materials, it is necessary to use a screw with an additional turn having several holes.

 The small length and presence of holes compared to the main turn lead to a decrease in the pressure developed by the additional turn relative to the pressure at the end of the main turn. The shift of the end of the additional turn towards the cone controller allows this incompletely pressed pulp to be introduced into this region with a lower pressure of the final pressing chamber.

The proposed design of a screw press allows you to:
firstly, to increase the juice yield by mixing and loosening the pressed mass, so that the unpressed, previously removed pulp particles fall into the zone of pressure exerted on it by the main turn of the screw, as well as the system of drainage channels is updated, which facilitates the removal of the extracted juice;
secondly, to improve the quality of the juice by reducing the suspension content in it, since the loosened mass with updated drainage channels requires much less pressure for its effective extraction, as a result of which the forcing of the particles of this mass through perforation into the juice is reduced;
thirdly, to reduce the energy consumption for pressing, since the required pressing pressure is reduced and, consequently, the energy consumption for friction of the mass on the screw and perforated drum is reduced, to overcome hydraulic resistance when the juice moves in the porous layer of the pulp, and to friction in the press mechanisms.

 The compliance of the proposed technical solution with the requirement "significant differences" is ensured by the fact that new design features unknown in other technical solutions (analogues and prototype) enable the device to perform its functions with the achievement of a positive effect.

 In FIG. 1 shows a press, a longitudinal section; in FIG. 2 section AA in the area of an additional turn with a hole.

 The press has a frame 1 with a drive 2, on which a hopper 3 with a perforated groove 4 is installed. A perforated drum 5 with an auger 6 located in it, having a main turn 7 and an additional turn 8 with an opening 9 is adjacent to the end of the hopper 3. At the opposite end of the drum 5 there is a pressure regulator 10. In the lower part of the press under the perforated drum 5 and the groove 4 is a juice collector 11.

 Press works as follows. The pulp of crushed apples or berries continuously enters the hopper 3, filling the inter-turn space of the screw 6. Free gravity juice flows through the perforation of the trough 4 into the juice collector 11. In the drum 5, the pulp is pressed with the rotating screw 6 to extract the juice and remove it through the perforation holes of the drum 5 into the juice collector 11. The final stage of pressing the pulp is carried out in the area of the perforated drum 5 between the end face of the screw 6 and the pressure regulator 10. This portion of the drum is often called a compression chamber. The pressed pulp enters into it in the form of a spiral strip from inter-turn channels formed by turns 7 and 8 of the rotating screw 6.

 Since the screw 6 has an additional turn 8, extended by "e" towards the pressure regulator 10, i.e. into the pressing chamber, and this turn has an opening 9, then the integrity of the spiral strip from the pressed pulp at the moment of transition from the channels of the screw 6 to the pressing chamber is violated, the layer is shifted by the end of the protruding turn 8, and the part of the pulp from which the spiral strip is molded rushes under pressure through the hole 9 from the high-pressure zone in front of coil 8 to the low-pressure zone behind this coil. In this case, the existing structure of the pressed pulp layer is broken, the pulp is mixed and loosened, the layer is re-formed and the drainage channels are renewed, which then allows the pulp particles to be pressed, which were previously located in the middle layers of this spiral strip, remote from the surfaces of the coils; it is easy to drain the juice through the updated drainage channels. As a result, the pressing process is carried out at a lower pressure, and therefore, it is less wiped, the pulp particles are pressed through the perforation of the drum wall into juice, and the pressing energy is also reduced.

 The juice is squeezed out of the pulp passing through the hole in the additional turn occurs under the action of the main turn in the area of its last step, where the region of the highest pressure in the screw press is located and ends in the pressing chamber. The intensity of the pulp through the hole is proportional to the pressure difference on the front and back surfaces of the additional turn.

 Our studies have shown that the pressure of the pulp of apples of the variety "Excellent" on the front surface is three times greater than on the back. For other turns of raw materials, this ratio can increase to 5.6 (I. Kryuchkov. Determination of axial force on the screws of the squeezing press // Sat. Equipment for the food industry, 1977, N 1, pp. 14-19).

Claims (2)

 1. A screw press for extracting juice from plant materials, mainly from crushed apples and berries, containing a frame, a hopper with a perforated groove, a perforated drum with a screw having an additional turn, a drive, a pressing pressure regulator, a juice collector, characterized in that the additional turn is located on the screw from the side of the pressure regulator so that its end is offset relative to the end of the main turn towards the regulator and has an opening smaller than the height of the turn.  2. The press according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional turn has several holes.

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