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KR101693726B1 - Ultrasonic transducing apparatus for measuring pipe thickness and caliber and for measuring fluid flow and velocity using the same - Google Patents

Ultrasonic transducing apparatus for measuring pipe thickness and caliber and for measuring fluid flow and velocity using the same Download PDF

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Publication number
KR101693726B1
KR101693726B1 KR1020150103675A KR20150103675A KR101693726B1 KR 101693726 B1 KR101693726 B1 KR 101693726B1 KR 1020150103675 A KR1020150103675 A KR 1020150103675A KR 20150103675 A KR20150103675 A KR 20150103675A KR 101693726 B1 KR101693726 B1 KR 101693726B1
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South Korea
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wedge
ultrasonic transducer
ultrasonic
pipe
attached
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KR1020150103675A
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Korean (ko)
Inventor
김진오
김대종
김주완
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숭실대학교산학협력단
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
    • G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B17/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B17/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
    • G01B17/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations for measuring thickness
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
    • G01P5/24—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the direct influence of the streaming fluid on the properties of a detecting acoustical wave

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
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  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a pipe having a contact surface attached to an outer wall of a pipe and having a contact surface having a first length, an upper surface formed parallel to the contact surface and having a second length longer than the first length, The ultrasonic transducer attached to the upper surface of each wedge, and the ultrasonic signal output from the ultrasonic transducer attached to the first wedge, based on the time difference of the reflected wave reflected from the inner wall of the pipe The thickness and the inner diameter of the pipe are measured and the ultrasonic signals outputted from the ultrasonic transducer attached to the first wedge and the second wedge are reflected on the inclined surface and are transmitted to the ultrasonic transducer attached to the second wedge and the first wedge And a controller for measuring the flow rate and the flow rate of the fluid inside the pipe based on the time.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an ultrasonic transducer for measuring a thickness and an inner diameter of a pipe,

The present invention relates to an ultrasonic transducer capable of simultaneously measuring the thickness, inner diameter, flow velocity and flow rate of a pipe.

Generally, an ultrasonic flowmeter or an anemometer includes a transmitting transducer and a receiving transducer that transmit and receive an ultrasonic signal by using a state change of fluid flowing in the pipe, and the transmission and reception of ultrasonic signals are repeated a predetermined number of times between the transmitting transducer and the receiving transducer The flow rate or the flow rate of the fluid is detected by measuring the propagation time according to the state change of the fluid while the transmission and reception of the ultrasonic signal is repeated.

The pipe thickness is an important variable when calculating the flow rate and flow rate. Currently used ultrasonic flowmeters or anemometers are used either by inputting the thickness or inner diameter as specified in the pipe specification table or by measuring the thickness or inner diameter directly. However, the thickness and inner diameter of the pipe may be measured or different from the thickness when produced by scale or environmental factors, and the pipe may be installed in a position that is difficult to measure directly. If the thickness of the actual pipe is different from the thickness of the pipe, there is a problem in that an error occurs in the flow rate and flow velocity of the fluid.

In this regard, Korean Patent Registration No. 1513697 (entitled "Ultrasonic Transducer Capable of Measuring Pipe Thickness and Flow Rate Measurement Apparatus Using the Same") discloses an ultrasonic transducer which is attached to an outer wall of a pipe and has a contact surface with a pipe, An ultrasonic transducer for measuring the thickness of a pipe based on a time difference between two or more reflected waves re-transmitted to an ultrasonic transducer, including an ultrasonic transducer for propagating an ultrasonic signal into a pipe through a wedge, and a flow velocity measuring device using the ultrasonic transducer .

On the other hand, the conventional ultrasonic transducer has two reflection surfaces on the wedge, which has a disadvantage that the measurement path is distant. Accordingly, the influence of the error due to the shape was large, and a large amount of energy loss occurred due to a plurality of ultrasonic wave transmission and reflection.

The present invention provides an ultrasonic transducer capable of simultaneously changing the wedge shape of an ultrasonic transducer of a conventional ultrasonic flowmeter and simultaneously measuring the thickness, inner diameter, flow velocity and flow rate of the pipe through the wedge shape, There is a purpose.

It is to be understood, however, that the technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-described technical problems, and other technical problems may be present.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an ultrasonic transducer including a contact surface having a first length attached to an outer wall of a pipe, a contact surface formed parallel to the contact surface and having a second length longer than the first length, A first and a second wedge including an inclined surface formed by connecting the upper surface and the upper surface with the end of the contact surface and having a predetermined inclination angle, an ultrasonic transducer attached to the upper surface of each wedge, and an ultrasonic transducer The thickness and the inner diameter of the pipe are measured based on the time difference between the reflected waves reflected from the inner wall of the pipe and the ultrasonic signals output from the ultrasonic transducers attached to the first wedge and the second wedge are reflected Based on the time taken to be delivered to the second wedge and the ultrasonic transducer attached to the first wedge, And a control unit for measuring the flow rate and the flow rate of the fluid.

A contact surface having a first length according to an embodiment of the present invention, an upper surface formed parallel to the contact surface and having a second length longer than the first length, and an inclined surface formed to connect the upper surface and the end of the contact surface, The energy loss of the ultrasonic signal is minimized and the thickness and the inner diameter of the pipe can be measured and the flow velocity and the flow rate of the fluid inside the pipe can be accurately measured.

1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an ultrasonic wave converting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a view for explaining the shapes of first and second wedges according to an embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a view for explaining a method of measuring a thickness and an inner diameter of a pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention.
4A and 4B are views for explaining flow velocity and flow rate measurement method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
5 is a view for explaining a method of measuring a flow velocity of a fluid in a pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention.
6 is a view for explaining an ultrasonic transducer arranged in two or more in parallel according to an embodiment of the present invention.
7 is a view for explaining a method of further coupling a wedge extension to a wedge shape according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. The present invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. In order to clearly illustrate the present invention, parts not related to the description are omitted, and similar parts are denoted by like reference characters throughout the specification.

Throughout the specification, when a part is referred to as being "connected" to another part, it includes not only "directly connected" but also "electrically connected" with another part in between . Also, when an element is referred to as "including" an element, it is to be understood that the element may include other elements as well as other elements, And does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an ultrasonic transducer according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a view for explaining the shapes of first and second wedges according to an embodiment of the present invention.

1, the ultrasonic transducer 100 includes a first wedge 110 to which a first ultrasonic transducer 131 is attached, a second wedge 120 to which a second ultrasonic transducer 132 is attached, And a control unit 140.

The first wedge 110 and the second wedge 120 are attached to the outer wall of the pipe and have a contact surface having a first length, a top surface formed parallel to the contact surface and having a second length greater than the first length, And an inclined surface formed so as to have a predetermined inclination angle.

Also, the second wedge 120 may be disposed at a distance from the first wedge 110 in a direction in which the pipe extends.

The ultrasonic transducer 130 may be attached to the upper surface of the first wedge 110 and the second wedge 120. The ultrasonic transducer 130 includes a first ultrasonic transducer 131 attached to the upper surface of the first wedge 110 and a second ultrasonic transducer 130 attached to the upper surface of the second wedge 120. [ (132).

The control unit 140 controls the thickness and the inner diameter of the pipe based on the time difference of the reflected wave reflected from the inner wall of the pipe by applying the voltage signal to the ultrasonic signal output from the ultrasonic transducer 130 attached to the first wedge 110, Can be measured.

The control unit 140 applies a voltage signal to the ultrasonic transducer 130 attached to the first wedge 110 or the second wedge 120 to reflect the ultrasonic signal output from the second wedge 120 Or the ultrasonic transducer 130 attached to the first wedge 110. The flow rate and the flow rate of the fluid inside the pipe can be measured based on the time required to transfer the fluid to the ultrasonic transducer 130 attached to the first wedge 110.

Hereinafter, the shapes of the first and second wedges according to one embodiment of the present invention will be described.

As shown in FIG. 2A, the first wedge 110 and the second wedge 120 include a contact surface 111, a top surface 112, and an inclined surface 113.

The contact surface 111 is attached to the outer wall of the pipe 10 and can be formed to have a first length.

The top surface 112 is formed parallel to the contact surface 111 and can be machined to have a second length that is longer than the first length. An ultrasonic transducer 130 capable of outputting an ultrasonic signal may be disposed on the upper surface 112 and disposed on the left side of the upper surface 112 so as to correspond to the inclined surface 113. Further, a member (for example, a wire or the like) for fixing to the pipe 10 may be mounted on the upper surface 112.

The inclined surface 113 connects the upper surface 112 and the end of the contact surface 111, and may be formed to have a predetermined inclination angle.

2 (a), the inclination angle between the inclined face 113 and the upper face 112 of the first wedge 110 and the second wedge 120 is greater than the inclination angle of the upper face 112 The incident angle? When the ultrasonic wave output from the ultrasonic transducer 130 is reflected by the inclined surface 113 and incident on the contact surface 111 has the relationship shown in the following Equation (1).

[Equation 1]

Figure 112015071191212-pat00001

Here,? Is an incident angle.

In addition, the energy transmittance of the first wedge 110 and the second wedge 120 on the inclined surface 113 is about 5%, and energy loss of the ultrasonic signal can be reduced.

2 (b), the first wedge 110 and the second wedge 120 of the ultrasonic transducer 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention are stably provided on the pipe 10, And a wedge extension part 115 for widening the area of the contact surface 111 for fixing the wedge extension part 115 to the wedge extension part.

The wedge extension portion 115 may be formed to contact the outer wall of the pipe 10 and extend vertically from the upper surface 112 adjacent to a point where the inclined surface 113 starts from the upper surface 112.

The ultrasonic transducer 130 may be attached to the upper surface 112 of the first wedge 110 and the second wedge 120 to which the wedge extension 115 is further coupled.

The ultrasonic transducer 130 may be disposed over an area of the upper surface 112 corresponding to the inclined surface 113 and an area of the upper surface 113 of the wedge expansion part 115.

The control unit 140 applies a voltage signal to the ultrasonic transducer 130 to apply ultrasonic waves to the pipe 10 based on the time difference between the ultrasonic signals output from the ultrasonic transducer 130 attached to the wedge expansion unit 115 to the inner wall of the pipe 10, 10 can be measured.

 2 (b), the upper surface 112 of the first wedge 110 and the second wedge 120, which are formed by further joining the wedge extension 115 in this way, .

An ultrasonic transducer 130 capable of outputting an ultrasonic signal may be disposed on the upper surface 112 and disposed on the left side of the upper surface 112 extending to correspond to the inclined surface 113. In this case as well, the inclined surface 113 may be formed to have a predetermined inclination angle. Herein, the inclination angle is set such that the angle of incidence when the ultrasonic wave output from the ultrasonic transducer 130 attached to the upper surface 112 is reflected by the inclined surface 113 and is incident on the contact surface 111, And so on. The description of the configuration shown in FIG. 2 (a) that performs the same function will be omitted.

3 is a view for explaining a method of measuring a thickness and an inner diameter of a pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The control unit 140 applies a voltage signal to the ultrasonic transducer 131 attached to the first wedge 110 so that the ultrasonic signal output from the first ultrasonic transducer 131 is incident on the upper surface 112, A first time required to be vertically reflected from the interface of the outer wall of the pipe 10 toward the upper surface 112 and to be transmitted to the first ultrasonic transducer 131 and a second time required to be transmitted from the first ultrasonic transducer 131 to the output The ultrasound signal is incident on the upper surface 112 and is transmitted through the interface between the first wedge 110 and the outer wall of the pipe 10 and then transmitted from the interface between the first inner wall of the pipe 10 and the inner fluid, The thickness of the pipe 10 can be calculated on the basis of the difference in the second time required to be vertically reflected toward the first ultrasonic transducer 131 and transmitted to the first ultrasonic transducer 131. [

The control unit 140 receives the ultrasonic signal output from the first ultrasonic transducer 131 attached to the first wedge 110 by applying a voltage signal to the upper surface 112, And the outer surface of the pipe 10 and then is vertically reflected from the interface between the first inner wall of the pipe 10 and the inner fluid toward the upper surface 112 to be guided to the first ultrasonic transducer 131 And the ultrasonic signal outputted from the first ultrasonic transducer 131 is incident on the upper surface 112 and the interface between the first wedge 110 and the outer wall of the pipe 10 and the second surface After passing through the interface between the first inner wall of the first ultrasonic transducer 10 and the inner fluid, is reflected vertically toward the upper surface 112 at the interface between the second inner wall of the pipe 10 and the inner fluid, It is possible to calculate the inner diameter of the pipe 10 based on the difference of the third time required to be transmitted to the pipe 131 .

3 (a), the ultrasonic wave output from the first ultrasonic transducer 131 passes through an area where the upper surface 131 of the first wedge 110 and the contact surface 111 overlap with each other .

3, the control unit 140 includes a first ultrasonic transducer 131 attached to the first wedge 110, a second ultrasonic transducer 131 attached to the first wedge 110, The ultrasonic signal is vertically reflected from the interface between the first wedge 110 and the outer wall of the pipe 10 toward the upper surface 112 and re-received by the first ultrasonic transducer 131 at a time when the ultrasonic signal is generated Ultrasonic signals are transmitted between the first wedge 110 and the pipe 10 at the first time which is the time required for the first wedge 110 and the time at which the ultrasonic signal is generated from the first ultrasonic transducer 131 attached to the first wedge 110. [ The time required for vertically reflected from the interface between the first inner wall of the pipe 10 and the inner fluid to the upper surface 112 and re-received by the first ultrasonic transducer 131 after passing through the interface of the outer wall of the pipe 10 The second time can be measured.

The control unit 140 can calculate the thickness of the pipe 10 by multiplying the difference between the first time and the second time by 1/2 and multiplying the calculated time by the velocity of the ultrasonic signal.

3, the control unit 140 includes a first ultrasonic transducer 131 attached to the first wedge 110, a second ultrasonic transducer 131 attached to the first wedge 110, The ultrasonic signal is transmitted from the interface between the first wedge 110 and the outer wall of the pipe 10 to the upper surface 112 at the interface between the first inner wall of the pipe 10 and the inner fluid at the time when the ultrasonic signal is generated. A second time that is the time required for the ultrasonic wave to be vertically reflected toward the first ultrasonic transducer 131 and then re-received by the first ultrasonic transducer 131 and the second ultrasonic wave transmitted from the first ultrasonic transducer 131 attached to the first wedge 110 The ultrasonic signal passes through the interface between the first wedge 110 and the outer wall of the pipe 10 and the interface between the first inner wall of the pipe 10 and the inner fluid, And is vertically reflected toward the upper surface 112 at the interface between the inner wall and the inner fluid so that the first ultrasonic transducer The time of the third time-consuming there is a receiving member 131 can be measured.

The control unit 140 can calculate the inner diameter of the pipe 10 by multiplying the difference between the second time and the third time by ½ and multiplying the calculated time by the speed of the ultrasonic signal.

On the other hand, the thickness and the inner diameter of the pipe 10 can be calculated in a similar manner in the case of the first wedge 110 to which the wedge expansion portion 115 is coupled. 3 (b), at a time when the ultrasonic signal is output from the first ultrasonic transducer 131 attached to the first wedge 110 by applying the voltage signal, the controller 140 generates the ultrasonic signal A first time which is the time required for vertically reflected from the interface between the first wedge 110 and the outer wall of the pipe 10 toward the upper surface 112 to be received again by the first ultrasonic transducer 131, The ultrasonic signal is transmitted through the interface between the first wedge 110 and the outer wall of the pipe 10 at the time when the ultrasonic signal is output from the first ultrasonic transducer 131 attached to the first wedge 110, On the basis of the second time difference, which is the time required for the ultrasonic wave to be vertically reflected from the interface between the first inner wall of the ultrasonic transducer 10 and the inner fluid toward the upper surface 112 and re-received by the first ultrasonic transducer 131, The thickness of the substrate 10 can be calculated.

  In the case of the first wedge 110 coupled with the wedge extension 115, the controller 140 applies a voltage signal to the first wedge 110 from the first ultrasonic transducer 131 attached to the first wedge 110 Ultrasonic signals are incident on the upper surface 112 and transmitted through the interface between the first wedge 110 and the outer wall of the pipe 10 at the time the ultrasonic signal is output, And a second time that is a time required for the ultrasonic wave to be vertically reflected from the interface between the first ultrasonic transducer 131 and the first ultrasonic transducer 131 to the upper surface 112, Ultrasonic signals are incident on the upper surface 112 at the time when the ultrasonic signals are outputted from the duucer 131 and are transmitted to the interface between the first wedge 110 and the outer wall of the pipe 10, And then flows from the interface between the second inner wall of the pipe 10 and the inner fluid toward the upper surface 112 The inner diameter of the pipe 10 can be calculated on the basis of the third time difference which is the time required for being reflected vertically and re-received by the first ultrasonic transducer 131. [

3B, ultrasonic waves output from the first ultrasonic transducer 131 can pass through an area where the upper surface 131 of the wedge extension 115 and the contact surface 111 overlap with each other .

Accordingly, the control unit 140 can calculate the thickness of the pipe 10 by multiplying the difference between the first time and the second time by 1/2, and multiplying the difference by the velocity of the ultrasonic signal, The inner diameter of the pipe 10 can be calculated by multiplying the difference between the third time by 1/2 and the time calculated by multiplying the speed of the ultrasonic signal.

The description of the configuration shown in FIG. 3 (a) that performs the same function will be omitted.

FIGS. 4A and 4B are views for explaining a flow velocity and a flow rate measuring method according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 5 is a view for explaining a method of measuring a flow velocity of a fluid in a pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention. to be.

First, a description will be given of an ultrasonic transducer 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention mounted on a pipe 10.

4A and 4B, a first ultrasonic transducer 131 attached to the first wedge 110 and a second ultrasonic transducer 132 attached to the second wedge 120 are attached to the pipe 10, Z-path ", which is installed across the < / RTI > The second ultrasonic transducer portion attached to the second wedge 120 at a position advanced from the position of the first ultrasonic transducer portion 131 attached to the first wedge 110 in the flow direction The ultrasonic signal generated from the first ultrasonic transducer 131 attached to the first wedge 110 passes through the pipe 10 and the fluid and is directly applied to the second wedge 120 2 < / RTI > ultrasonic transducer 132, as shown in FIG.

At this time, the control unit 140 controls the time at which the ultrasonic signal is output from the first ultrasonic transducer 131 attached to the first wedge 110, the time at which the second ultrasonic transducer 132 attached to the second wedge 120 Can measure the flow rate and the flow rate of the fluid inside the pipe 10 based on the time when the ultrasound signal is received by the pipe 10 and the fluid.

Hereinafter, a method of measuring the flow rate and flow rate of the internal fluid of the pipe will be described in detail.

The flow rate measurement formula of the fluid is shown in the following formula (2).

&Quot; (2) "

Figure 112015071191212-pat00002

Where Q is the flow rate, A is the area inside the pipe, and V is the flow rate.

The internal area of the pipe has the same relationship as A = pi r i 2, and can be calculated as follows.

Where r i is the radius of the pipe bore.

Therefore, it is possible to calculate r i by multiplying the inner diameter of the pipe calculated by the control unit 140 described above by 1/2.

Further, the thickness of the pipe calculated by the control unit 140 can be calculated by calculating the radius r i from the radius of the outer diameter of the pipe, which is set in advance, and r i = r 0- l.

Where r 0 is the radius of the pipe outer diameter, and ℓ is the pipe thickness.

4A and 4B, the controller 140 controls the ultrasonic signal output from the first ultrasonic transducer 131 attached to the first wedge 110 to be transmitted to the second ultrasonic transducer 120 attached to the second wedge 120, The time t d required for transmitting the pipe 10 during the fourth time required for the ultrasonic wave to be transmitted to the dewar section 132 and the ultrasonic wave output from the ultrasonic wave transducer 132 attached to the second wedge 120 Based on the difference in time t u required for transmitting the pipe 10 during the fifth time required for the signal to be transmitted to the first ultrasonic transducer 131 attached to the first wedge 110, The flow rate of the fluid can be measured.

5, the ultrasonic velocity u d within the pipe 10 transmitted from the first ultrasonic transducer 131 to the second ultrasonic transducer 132 and the ultrasonic velocity u d from the second ultrasonic transducer 132 are transmitted from the first ultrasonic transducer 131 to the second ultrasonic transducer 132, The ultrasonic velocity u u inside the pipe 10 transmitted to the first ultrasonic transducer 131 has a relationship as shown in the following equation (3).

&Quot; (3) "

Figure 112015071191212-pat00003

Here, u 0 is the initial ultrasonic velocity before the speed changes by the flow velocity, and? Is the ultrasonic incident angle in the pipe.

(3) can be expressed by Equation (3) as the ultrasonic wave propagation time t d within the pipe 10 transferred from the first ultrasonic transducer 131 to the second ultrasonic transducer 132 and the second ultrasonic wave propagating time The ultrasonic wave propagation time t u in the pipe 10 transmitted from the first ultrasonic transducer 131 to the first ultrasonic transducer 131 is expressed by Equation (4).

&Quot; (4) "

Figure 112015071191212-pat00004

Here, S is the distance, V is the velocity, l is the ultrasonic travel distance in the pipe, u 0 is the initial ultrasonic velocity before the velocity changes by the velocity, and θ is the ultrasonic wave incident angle in the pipe.

Equations (3) to (4) are summarized by the time difference occurring in t d and t u , and the relationship is as shown in Equation (5).

&Quot; (5) "

Figure 112015071191212-pat00005

Here, u d is the ultrasonic velocity inside the pipe transmitted from the first ultrasonic transducer to the second ultrasonic transducer, u u is the velocity of the ultrasonic wave transmitted from the second ultrasonic transducer to the first ultrasonic transducer, L is a horizontal moving distance of the ultrasonic wave inside the pipe and t d is a distance in the pipe passing from the first ultrasonic transducer portion to the second ultrasonic transducer portion. And t u is the ultrasonic wave propagation time inside the pipe transferred from the second ultrasonic transducer portion to the first ultrasonic transducer portion.

Therefore, the flow velocity V of the inner fluid of the pipe 10 can be calculated by the following equation (5).

5, the total ultrasonic traveling distance s t between the first and second ultrasonic transducer units 131 and 132 is calculated from the moving distance s w in the wedge, the moving distance s p in the pipe wall, And can be divided into a moving distance s f and s t = s f + 2s w + 2s p .

The total ultrasonic wave propagation time t t between the first and second ultrasonic transducer units 131 and 132 is calculated from the propagation time t w in the wedge, the propagation time t p in the pipe wall, and the propagation time t f in the pipe And t t = t f + 2t w + 2t p . The propagation time t f in the pipe is calculated by multiplying the propagation time t d of the inside of the pipe measured in the path that moves from the first ultrasonic transducer 131 to the second ultrasonic transducer 132 to the second ultrasonic wave May be the ultrasonic wave propagation time t u in the pipe measured in the path that is moved from the transducer 132 to the first ultrasonic transducer 131.

Hereinafter, a method of calculating the total ultrasonic traveling distance s t between the first and second ultrasonic transducer units 131 and 132 will be described in detail.

The travel distance s w in the wedge can directly measure the ultrasonic wave propagation distance based on the size of the wedge.

The moving distance s p of the pipe from the wall can be calculated using Snell's law, and the following formula (6) can be used.

&Quot; (6) "

Figure 112015071191212-pat00006

Where p p is the pipe thickness, p is the ultrasound incident angle at the pipe wall, θ w is the ultrasound incident angle at the wedge, c P T is the sonic velocity at the pipe, c w L is the It is sound speed (sect).

The moving distance s f in the pipe can be calculated using Snell's law, and the following formula (7) can be used.

&Quot; (7) "

Figure 112015071191212-pat00007

Here, L is the ultrasonic vertical movement distance (diameter) of the inner pipe, θ f is the ultrasonic wave incident angle of the inner pipe, θ p is the ultrasound angle of incidence of the pipe wall, c P T is the sound velocity (shear wave) in the pipe, c f L is the velocity of sound in the pipe.

Therefore, the ultrasonic traveling distance l in the pipe of the equation (5) can be calculated by the following equation (7).

Hereinafter, a method of measuring the total ultrasonic wave propagation time t t between the first and second ultrasonic transducer units 131 and 132 will be described in detail.

The propagation time t w in the wedge can be calculated by dividing the sound velocity in the wedge by the moving distance ( w w ) in the wedge, and has the relationship as shown in the following equation (8).

&Quot; (8) "

Figure 112015071191212-pat00008

Where s w is the travel distance on the wedge and c w L is the sonic velocity on the wedge.

The propagation time t p at the pipe wall can be calculated by dividing the sound velocity at the pipe wall at the ultrasonic traveling distance (s p ) at the pipe wall, and has the relationship as shown in the following equation (9).

&Quot; (9) "

Figure 112015071191212-pat00009

Where s p is the travel distance from the pipe wall, and c p T is the sound velocity (transverse wave) at the pipe wall.

The ultrasonic wave propagation time t f in the pipe has the relationship as shown in the following equation (10).

&Quot; (10) "

Figure 112015071191212-pat00010

Here, t t is the total ultrasonic wave propagation time required to be transmitted from the first ultrasonic transducer unit to the second ultrasonic transducer unit or the entire ultrasonic wave propagation time required to be transmitted from the second ultrasonic transducer unit to the first ultrasonic transducer unit, t w is the propagation time at the wedge, and t p is the propagation time at the pipe wall.

The total ultrasonic wave propagation time t t required to be transmitted from the first ultrasonic transducer 131 to the second ultrasonic transducer 132 and the second ultrasonic wave propagation time t t required for the second ultrasonic transducer 132 to be transmitted from the first ultrasonic transducer 131 to the second ultrasonic transducer 132, The total ultrasonic wave propagation time t t required to be transmitted to the western part 131 may be different.

Therefore, t d and t u in the equation (5) can be calculated by the equation (10).

Illustratively, when it is desired to calculate the ultrasonic wave propagation time t d in the pipe transmitted from the first ultrasonic transducer 131 to the second ultrasonic transducer 132, the total ultrasonic wave propagation time t t Represents the time required to transmit from the first ultrasonic transducer 131 to the second ultrasonic transducer 132 and t d in Equation 5 can be calculated by Equation 10 1 have.

[Equation 10 1 ]

Figure 112015071191212-pat00011

Here, t t is the total ultrasonic propagation time required to be transferred from the first ultrasonic transducer to the second ultrasonic transducer, t w is the propagation time at the wedge, and t p is the propagation time at the pipe wall.

A second ultrasonic transducer West 132 first ultrasonic transducer when you want to output the ultrasonic wave propagation time (t u) of the pipe interior that is passed to the West 131, the entire ultrasonic wave propagation time (t t) in the second refers to the time taken by the ultrasonic transducer 1 is passed West 131 in the ultrasonic transducer West 132, is t u of equation 5 can be calculated by equation 10, 2].

[Equation 10 2 ]

Figure 112015071191212-pat00012

Here, t t is the total ultrasonic wave propagation time required to be transmitted from the second ultrasonic transducer portion to the first ultrasonic transducer portion, t w is the propagation time at the wedge, and t p is the propagation time at the pipe wall.

6 is a view for explaining an ultrasonic transducer arranged in two or more in parallel according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The ultrasonic transducer 130 may include a plurality of ultrasonic transducers 135, a first electrode, and a second electrode.

The ultrasonic transducer 130 may be formed by arranging a plurality of ultrasonic transducers 135 in parallel.

The first electrode may be disposed above the plurality of ultrasonic transducers 135 and may be a (+) electrode.

The second electrode may be disposed under the plurality of ultrasonic transducers 135 and may be a negative electrode.

Here, the plurality of ultrasonic transducer units 135 are the same as those of the first ultrasonic transducer unit 131 and the second ultrasonic transducer unit 132, and may be differently referred to.

That is, the ultrasonic transducer 130 is provided with a (+) electrode on the upper portion of a plurality of ultrasonic transducer portions 135 arranged in parallel with each other and a (-) electrode on the lower portion thereof, And can be operated as a duo 130.

Referring to FIG. 6, the ultrasonic transducer 130 may include two or more ultrasonic transducers 135 arranged in parallel. The (+) electrode may be disposed on the upper portion of the ultrasonic transducer 135 in which the ultrasonic transducer 135 is disposed in parallel, and the (-) electrode may be disposed on the lower portion. At this time, if a signal is given to the electrode portion, the two ultrasonic transducer portions 135 can be operated at a time. The ultrasonic transducer 130 having the electrode attached thereto can be operated by one ultrasonic transducer 130. The ultrasonic transducer 130 can output a strong ultrasonic signal. In addition, the ultrasonic signal can be outputted at the maximum at the central portion of the ultrasonic transducer 130.

Accordingly, the ultrasonic transducer 100 using the wedge having the ultrasonic transducer 130 attached to two or more parallel-arranged ultrasonic transducers according to the present invention outputs a strong ultrasonic signal, so that the thickness, inner diameter, Can be measured.

7 is a view for explaining a method of further coupling a wedge extension to a wedge shape according to an embodiment of the present invention.

 Referring to FIG. 7, the first and second wedges 110 and 120 according to an embodiment of the present invention may include a wedge expansion unit 110, which can enlarge an area of a contact surface 111 for stably fixing the pipe 10, The bolt fastening method is further shown so that the bolt fastening member 115 is further engaged. However, the shape of the wedges 110 and 120 coupled with the wedge expansion portion 115 is not limited to the bolt fastening type, and can be formed by a molding method such as plastic molding.

7A and 7B show side and front views of the wedge extension 115 coupled with the bolt fastening and FIG. 6C shows a perspective view of the wedge extension 115 coupled with the bolt fastening. FIG. Respectively. In addition to the bolting, a bonding method or the like may be used in a manner of engaging the wedge expansion portion 115.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing description of the present invention is for illustrative purposes only and that those of ordinary skill in the art can readily understand that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention. will be. It is therefore to be understood that the above-described embodiments are illustrative in all aspects and not restrictive. For example, each component described as a single entity may be distributed and implemented, and components described as being distributed may also be implemented in a combined form.

The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the detailed description and all changes or modifications derived from the meaning and scope of the claims and their equivalents are to be construed as being included within the scope of the present invention do.

10: pipe 100: ultrasonic transducer
111: contact surface 112: upper surface
113 slope 115: wedge extension
110: first wedge 120: second wedge
130: ultrasonic transducer 131: first ultrasonic transducer
132: second ultrasonic transducer
140:

Claims (7)

In the ultrasonic transducer,
An upper surface attached to the outer wall of the pipe and having a first length, a top surface formed parallel to the contact surface and having a second length longer than the first length, and an inclined surface formed to connect the top surface and the end of the contact surface, A first and a second wedge comprising:
A wedge extension formed adjacent to a point where said sloped surface starts from said upper surface and extending in a vertical direction from said upper surface to contact said pipe outer wall;
An ultrasonic transducer attached to a region of an upper surface of each wedge corresponding to the inclined surface and an upper surface of the wedge extension; And
Measuring a thickness and an inner diameter of the pipe based on a time difference between reflected waves reflected from the inner wall of the pipe and an ultrasonic signal output from the ultrasonic transducer attached to the first wedge; The flow rate and the flow rate of the fluid inside the pipe are measured based on the time required for the ultrasonic signal output from the attached ultrasonic transducer portion to be reflected from the inclined surface and transferred to the ultrasonic transducer portion attached to the second wedge or the first wedge And a controller,
The ultrasonic transducer unit
A plurality of ultrasonic transducers arranged in parallel at least two;
A first electrode disposed on an upper portion of the plurality of ultrasonic transducers; And
And a second electrode disposed below the plurality of ultrasonic transducers,
And a plurality of ultrasonic transducers are operated as one ultrasonic transducer unit at a time by giving signals to the first and second electrodes,
The ultrasonic wave output from the ultrasonic transducer attached to the upper surface of the wedge expansion portion passes through a region where the contact surface between the upper surface of the wedge expansion portion and the pipe overlaps,
Wherein the second wedge is disposed to be spaced apart from the first wedge by a predetermined distance in a direction in which the pipe extends,
Wherein an inclination angle between the inclined surface of each wedge and a surface extending in a direction perpendicular to the wedge expansion portion is set such that an ultrasonic wave output from an ultrasonic transducer attached to an upper surface of each wedge is reflected on the inclined surface, Wherein the ultrasonic transducer has an acute angle range. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein an angle of inclination between the inclined surface of the first and second wedges and the upper surface of the wedge is smaller than an incident angle of the ultrasonic wave output from the ultrasonic transducer attached to the upper surface when the ultrasonic wave is reflected by the inclined surface, (1). ≪ EMI ID = 1.0 >
[Equation 1]
Figure 112015071191212-pat00013

(Where &thetas; is an incident angle). delete The method according to claim 1,
Wherein,
The ultrasonic signal output from the first ultrasonic transducer attached to the first wedge enters the upper surface and is vertically reflected toward the upper surface at the interface between the first wedge and the outer wall of the pipe, The ultrasonic signal output from the first ultrasonic transducer portion is incident on the upper surface and is transmitted through the interface between the first wedge and the outer wall of the pipe, Wherein the thickness of the pipe is calculated on the basis of a difference in a second time required to be vertically reflected from the interface between the first inner wall and the inner fluid toward the upper surface to be transmitted to the first ultrasonic transducer portion, Device. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein,
Wherein an ultrasonic signal output from a first ultrasonic transducer attached to the first wedge is incident on the upper surface and is transmitted through an interface between the first wedge and an outer wall of the pipe, And a second time required for the ultrasonic wave to be transmitted to the first ultrasonic transducer unit and the ultrasonic signal outputted from the first ultrasonic transducer unit are incident on the upper surface, After passing through the interface between the first wedge and the outer wall of the pipe and the interface between the first inner wall and the inner fluid of the pipe and then reflected vertically toward the upper surface at the interface between the second inner wall and the inner fluid, Wherein the inner diameter of the pipe is calculated on the basis of a difference of a third time required to be transmitted to the first ultrasonic transducer unit. Value. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein,
A time t required for transmitting the ultrasonic signal output from the first ultrasonic transducer attached to the first wedge to the second ultrasonic transducer attached to the second wedge, d and the ultrasonic signal output from the second ultrasonic transducer attached to the second wedge is transmitted to the first ultrasonic transducer attached to the first wedge during the fifth time Wherein the flow velocity of the fluid in the pipe is measured according to the following equation (2) as a relational expression of the difference between the time t u and the time t u .
&Quot; (2) "
Figure 112015071191212-pat00014

(Where u d is the ultrasonic velocity in the pipe that is transmitted from the first ultrasonic transducer unit to the second ultrasonic transducer unit and u u is the velocity of ultrasonic waves transmitted from the second ultrasonic transducer unit to the first ultrasonic transducer unit, L is the horizontal travel distance of the ultrasonic wave inside the pipe, t d is the distance between the first ultrasonic transducer and the second ultrasonic transducer, And t u is the ultrasonic wave propagation time inside the pipe which is transmitted from the second ultrasonic transducer portion to the first ultrasonic transducer portion) delete
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CN113167618A (en) * 2018-12-13 2021-07-23 恩德斯+豪斯流量技术股份有限公司 Ultrasonic transducer device for a clamped ultrasonic flow measuring point, clamped ultrasonic flow measuring point and method for putting a clamped ultrasonic flow measuring point into operation
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JPH05209766A (en) * 1991-12-10 1993-08-20 Tokimec Inc Ultrasonic transmitter-receiver
KR101022407B1 (en) * 2009-04-20 2011-03-15 (주)씨엠엔텍 Non-intrusive ultrasonic flowmeter
KR101302645B1 (en) * 2012-02-29 2013-09-03 한국표준과학연구원 Multi path ultrasonic flowmeter
KR101513697B1 (en) * 2014-06-10 2015-04-22 숭실대학교산학협력단 Ultrasonic transducing apparatus for measuring pipe thickness and apparatus for measuring flow velocity using the same

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH05209766A (en) * 1991-12-10 1993-08-20 Tokimec Inc Ultrasonic transmitter-receiver
KR101022407B1 (en) * 2009-04-20 2011-03-15 (주)씨엠엔텍 Non-intrusive ultrasonic flowmeter
KR101302645B1 (en) * 2012-02-29 2013-09-03 한국표준과학연구원 Multi path ultrasonic flowmeter
KR101513697B1 (en) * 2014-06-10 2015-04-22 숭실대학교산학협력단 Ultrasonic transducing apparatus for measuring pipe thickness and apparatus for measuring flow velocity using the same

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113167618A (en) * 2018-12-13 2021-07-23 恩德斯+豪斯流量技术股份有限公司 Ultrasonic transducer device for a clamped ultrasonic flow measuring point, clamped ultrasonic flow measuring point and method for putting a clamped ultrasonic flow measuring point into operation
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