KR100216849B1 - Method of calculating soc of battery by internal resistance measurement - Google Patents
Method of calculating soc of battery by internal resistance measurement Download PDFInfo
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- KR100216849B1 KR100216849B1 KR1019960037112A KR19960037112A KR100216849B1 KR 100216849 B1 KR100216849 B1 KR 100216849B1 KR 1019960037112 A KR1019960037112 A KR 1019960037112A KR 19960037112 A KR19960037112 A KR 19960037112A KR 100216849 B1 KR100216849 B1 KR 100216849B1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
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Abstract
본 발명은 자동차의 배터리에 있어 내부저항 대비 잔존용량의 관계를 계산하여 미리 저장시켜 놓은 다음 주행중 내부저항을 측정하여 잔존용량을 표시할 수 있도록 하는 내부저항 측정에 의한 배터리의 잔존용량 산출방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a method for calculating a remaining capacity of a battery by measuring an internal resistance of a battery of an automobile by calculating the relationship between the remaining capacity and the remaining capacity, will be.
종래 사용되는 잔존 용량계는 잔존용량을 체크하는 방법에 따라 전지 전압으로 잔존용량을 확인하는 방법과, 방전용량으로 잔존용량을 확인하는 방법 등이 있는데, 방전에 따라 전압이 감소한다거나 부하조건 등에 따라 전지 사용량이 달라지게 되어 이를 확인하는 알고리즘이 까다로운 문제점이 있었다.The remaining capacity meter used in the prior art includes a method of confirming the remaining capacity by the battery voltage and a method of confirming the remaining capacity by the discharge capacity in accordance with the method of checking the remaining capacity. There is a problem that the algorithm for checking the battery usage is different.
본 발명은 만충전된 배터리의 잔존용량(SOC)을 1로 설정하는 한편 그때의 내부저항을 측정하여 기록하고, 이어 일정한 단계로 완전방전시까지 배터리를 방전시키면서 그때의 잔존용량에 대한 내부저항을 측정하여 기록하는 전지단품시험을 통해 잔존용량 대 내부저항의 관계표를 작성하여 시스템콘트롤러에 입력시키고, 주행시 차량이 정지상태에서 출발되는 순간 배터리의 출력전류와 부하전압을 측정하여 내부저항을 산출한 다음 상기 잔존용량 대 배부저항의 관계표로부터 잔존용량을 판단하여 잔존용량계를 작동시키도록 이루어진 발명임.The present invention sets the remaining capacity (SOC) of the fully charged battery to 1 while measuring and recording the internal resistance at that time, discharging the battery to a full discharge in a predetermined step, The relationship between the remaining capacity and the internal resistance is created by a battery single product test to be recorded and measured, and the result is input to the system controller. The internal resistance is calculated by measuring the output current and the load voltage of the battery as soon as the vehicle is started from the standstill state The remaining capacity is determined from the relationship table of the remaining capacity to the distribution resistance, and the remaining capacity is activated.
Description
본 발명은 배터리의 내부저항을 측정하여 배터리의 잔존용량을 산출하도록 하는 내부저항 측정에 의한 배터리의 잔존용량 산출방법에 관한 것으로, 더욱 상세하게는 자동차의 배터리에 있어서 내부저항 대비 잔존용량의 관계를 계산하여 미리 저장시켜 놓은 다음 주행중 내부저항을 측정하여 잔존용량을 표시할 수 있도록 하는 내부저항 측정에 의한 배터리의 잔존용량 산출방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a method for calculating a remaining capacity of a battery by measuring an internal resistance of the battery to calculate a remaining capacity of the battery by measuring the internal resistance of the battery. More specifically, The present invention relates to a method for calculating the remaining capacity of a battery by measuring an internal resistance during driving and displaying the remaining capacity by internal resistance measurement.
일반적으로 자동차에는 초기 엔진시동시 스타터 모터의 구동이나 기타 전장품에 필요한 전류의 공급을 위해 배터리가 장착되어 있고, 또한 최근의 자동차개발추세로서는 대기오염에 심각한 영향을 주고 있는 현재의 가솔린이나 중유를 주연료로 사용하여 이의 연소에 의한 폭발력으로 주행할 수 있는 동력을 얻도록 된 차량대신에 공해발생이 적은 차량을 개발하기 위하여 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있는 바, 그중 하나로서 `전력에 의하여 움직이는 전기자동차의 개발에 많은 노력을 기울이고 있다. 전기자동차는 구동연료로서 대개 2차전지인 남축전지를 사용하고 있으며, 납축전지에서 출력되는 전원으로 동력발생장치를 구동시키고 이를 동력전달장치를 통해 구동휠로 전달하여 구동휠을 회전시키므로써 전기자동차를 구동시키게 된다.Generally, the automobile is equipped with a battery for starting the starter motor at the time of starting the engine or supplying electric current required for other electronic products. Also, as a recent development trend of automobiles, the current gasoline or heavy oil Many researches have been conducted to develop a vehicle which is less pollution-free instead of a vehicle which is used as a fuel to obtain power capable of driving by the explosion by its combustion. One of them is ` We are working hard to develop. An electric vehicle uses a secondary battery, which is a secondary battery, as a driving fuel, drives a power generator by a power source output from a lead accumulator, and transmits the power generator to a driving wheel through a power transmitting device to rotate the driving wheel. Respectively.
이러한 납축전지는 각각 다른 금속으로 만든 양극과 음극의 전극과 전해액으로 구성되어 있으며, 양극에 부하를 연결하여 각 전극의 작용물질과 전해액이 가지는 화학적 에너지를 전기적 에너지로 끌어 낼 수 있게 되어 있다. 또한 역으로 전기적 에너지를 주면 가시 화학적 에너지를 가진 본래의 작용 물질로 되돌아가게 된다.These lead-acid batteries are composed of electrodes and electrolytes of positive and negative electrodes made of different metals. By connecting a load to the positive electrode, the chemical energy of each electrode and the electrolyte can be drawn to electrical energy. Conversely, if electrical energy is applied, it will return to the original active substance with visible chemical energy.
이와 같은 축전지에 있어 방전이 진행됨에 따라 양극과 음극간의 단자전압은 점차로 내려가다가 어느 한도에 이르게 되면 급격히 저항하여 방전종지전압에 이르게 되며 그 이후 부터는 방전능력이 없어진다.As the discharge progresses in such a battery, the terminal voltage between the anode and the cathode gradually decreases. When the battery voltage reaches a certain limit, the terminal voltage rapidly rises to reach the discharge end voltage, and thereafter, the discharge ability is lost.
방전종지전압 이하에서까지 방전하게 되면 전해액과 화학적 반응을 일으켜 전류를 생성하는 극판이 손상되어 축전지로서의 기능을 상실하게 된다.If the discharge is performed below the discharge end voltage, a chemical reaction with the electrolytic solution occurs, thereby damaging the electrode plate which generates current, and the function as a battery is lost.
따라서 전기자동차는 배터리에 충전되어 있는 용량(Ah)만큼 주행할 수 있고, 주행중 구동휠의 회전력을 역이용하여 발전을 한 후 다시 재충전시키면서 사용할 수 있도록 하고 있으며, 배터리가 완전히 방전될 정도까지 차를 운행하다 주행중 정지하게 되면 재충전에 어려움이 있어 곤란하므로 주행중 배터리의 잔존용량(SOC ; State of Charge)을 정확하게 파악하는 것이 중요하다.Accordingly, the electric vehicle can be driven by the capacity (Ah) charged in the battery, and the electric power of the driving wheel can be reversed during the driving to be used again while being recharged. The vehicle is operated until the battery is completely discharged It is difficult to recharge the battery. Therefore, it is important to accurately grasp the state of charge (SOC) of the battery during driving.
현재 상용화 되고 있는 잔존 용량계는 잔존용량을 체크하는 방법에 따라 여러 종류가 있는데, 첫째로 전지 전압으로 잔존용량을 확인하는 방법과, 둘째로 방전용량으로 잔존용량을 확인하는 방법 등이 있다.There are various types of remaining capacity meter currently commercialized depending on the method of checking the remaining capacity. Firstly, there is a method of confirming the remaining capacity by the battery voltage. Secondly, there is a method of confirming the remaining capacity by discharging capacity.
그러나 첫 번째 방법에 있어서는 방전량에 따라 전압이 감소 즉 급가속시 잔존용량에 무관하게 전압이 순간적으로 감소하므로 적용에 문제가 있고, 두 번째 방법에 있어서도 방전용량(Ah)으로 잔존용량을 확인하는 법 즉 방전작용에 따라 방전된 Ah의 값을 측정하는 것은 몇 Km로 정속 주행했는지 또는 시내주행을 했는지 등과 같은 부하조건에 따라 전지가 사용할 수 있는 용량(Ah)이 다르므로 잔존용량을 확인하기 위한 알고리즘이 무척 까다롭게 되는 문제점이 있다.However, in the first method, there is a problem in application because the voltage is instantaneously decreased regardless of the remaining capacity in the case of the decrease in the voltage depending on the discharge amount, that is, in the case of rapid acceleration. In the second method, the remaining capacity is confirmed by the discharge capacity (Ah) The method of measuring the discharged Ah according to the discharging action is to determine the remaining capacity because the capacity (Ah) which can be used by the battery differs according to the load conditions such as how many kilometer (Km) There is a problem that the algorithm becomes very complicated.
따라서 본 발명은 상기한 사정을 고려하여 발명한 것으로서, 근본적인 방법에 의하여 배터리의 잔존 용량을 산출하기 위하여 배터리가 방전함에 따라 전지 내부상태(내부전압, 내부저항, 비중 등)가 변하게 됨을 고려하여 이를 체크하기 쉬운 인자로 잔존 용량(SOC)을 결정하도록 하는 내부저항 측정에 의한 배터리의 잔존용량 산출방법을 제공하고자 함에 발명의 목적이 있다.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a method of calculating a remaining capacity of a battery by considering a battery internal state (internal voltage, internal resistance, specific gravity, It is an object of the present invention to provide a method of calculating the remaining capacity of a battery by measuring an internal resistance which determines a remaining capacity (SOC) as an easy factor to be checked.
상기한 목적을 실현하기 위한 발명은 차량에 장착될 배터리의 단품에 대해 모델링하여 내부저항 대비 잔존용량에 대한 표를 작성하고, 이를 자동차의 시스템콘트롤러에 입력시키고 주행중 내부정항을 측정하여 상기 표로부터 잔존용량을 판단하는 한편 이를 잔존용량계를 통해 디스플레이할 수 있도록 이루어진 것이다.The present invention for realizing the above object is to model a single battery of a battery to be mounted on a vehicle, to prepare a table of the remaining capacity with respect to the internal resistance, input it into the system controller of the vehicle, measure the in- The remaining capacity can be determined and displayed on the remaining capacity meter.
제1도는 잔존용량에 따른 내부저항의 변화를 설명하기 위한 도면.FIG. 1 is a view for explaining a change in internal resistance according to a remaining capacity. FIG.
제2도는 본 발명에 따른 배터리 모델링을 나타내는 도면.FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating battery modeling according to the present invention. FIG.
제3도는 본발명에 있어 가속페달의 작동으로 배터리로부터 전력이 공급될 때의 전압변화를 설명하기 위한 도면.FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a voltage change when power is supplied from a battery by operation of an accelerator pedal in the present invention. FIG.
제4도는 잔존용량과 내부저항의 관계를 그래프화한 도면.FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the remaining capacity and internal resistance.
제5(a)도는 전지단품시험을 통해 잔존용량과 내부저항의 관계를 도표화하기 위한 작용을 설명하기 위한 도면이고,5 (a) and 5 (b) are diagrams for explaining the operation for plotting the relationship between the remaining capacity and the internal resistance through the single battery test, and
제5(b)도는 주행중 내부저항을 측정하여 잔존용량을 표시하는 작용을 설명하기 위한 도면이다.5 (b) and 5 (b) are diagrams for explaining the function of measuring the internal resistance during running to display the remaining capacity.
* 도면의 주요부분에 대한 부호의 설명DESCRIPTION OF THE REFERENCE NUMERALS
Vab: 배터리 방전전압 Ep: 내부전압V ab : battery discharge voltage E p : internal voltage
Rw: 확산과 관계된 저항 Rd: 전하이동과 관계된 저항R w : resistance associated with diffusion R d : resistance associated with charge transfer
Rp: 옴저항 ipidiw: 전류R p : Ohm resistance i p i d i w : Current
본 발명은 만충전된 배터리의 잔존용량(SOC)을 1로 설정하는 한편 그때의 내부저항을 측정하여 기록하고, 이어 일정한 단계로 완전방전시까지 배터리를 방전시키면서 그때의 잔존용량에 대한 내부저항을 측정하여 기록하는 전지단품시험을 통해 잔존용량 대 내부저항의 관계표를 작성하여 시스템콘트롤러에 입력시키고, 주행시 차량이 정지상태에서 출발되는 순간 배터리의 출력전류와 부하전압을 측정하여 내부저항을 산출한 다음 상기 잔존용량 대 배부저항의 관계표로부터 잔존용량을 판단하여 잔존용량계를 작동시키도록 이루어진 것이다.The present invention sets the remaining capacity (SOC) of the fully charged battery to 1 while measuring and recording the internal resistance at that time, discharging the battery to a full discharge in a predetermined step, The relationship between the remaining capacity and the internal resistance is created by a battery single product test to be recorded and measured, and the result is input to the system controller. The internal resistance is calculated by measuring the output current and the load voltage of the battery as soon as the vehicle is started from the standstill state Then, the remaining capacity is determined from the relationship table of the remaining capacity to the distribution resistance to operate the remaining capacity meter.
제1도는 잔존용량에 따른 내부저항의 변화를 설명하기 위한 도면이다.FIG. 1 is a view for explaining a change in internal resistance according to the remaining capacity. FIG.
여기서 내부저항은 배터리가 만충전되어 잔존용량(SOC)이 100%일 때 비교적 낮고, 방전이 진행되어 잔존용량이 감소될수록 증가됨을 나타낸다.Here, the internal resistance is relatively low when the battery is fully charged and the remaining capacity (SOC) is 100%, and it is increased as the discharge proceeds and the remaining capacity decreases.
따라서 본 발명에서는 상기 원리를 이용하여 배터리의 잔존용량을 산출하여 표시할수 있도록 하기 위한 것이다.Therefore, in the present invention, the remaining capacity of the battery can be calculated and displayed using the above principle.
제2도는 배터리에 대한 모델링을 나타내는 도면으로, 여기서 Vab는 배터리 방전전압 즉 실제 배터리로부터 측정되는 값, Ep는 내부전압, Rw는 확산과 관계된 저항, Rd는 전하이동과 관계된 저항, Rp는 옴저항을 각각 나타낸다.Figure 2 shows modeling for a battery, where V ab is the battery discharge voltage, i.e., the value measured from the real battery, E p is the internal voltage, R w is the resistance associated with diffusion, R d is the resistance associated with charge transfer, And R p represents an ohmic resistance.
이러한 3가지 저항 모두가 잔존용량과 관계가 있으나, 실제로 각각을 측정하기가 어렵다.All of these three resistances are related to the remaining capacity, but it is difficult to actually measure each.
그러나 배터리에 부하가 걸려 있지 않은 상태에서 순간적으로 부하를 걸어주면 즉 방전을 개시시키면 다음과 같은 식에 의해 옴저항 Rp를 구할 수 있다.However, if the instantaneous load is applied in a state where no load is applied to the battery, that is, when the discharge is started, the ohmic resistance R p can be obtained by the following equation.
여기서 ip와 (Vab-Ep)는 전기자동차에서 주행시 다음과 같이 쉽게 구할 수 있다.Here, i p and (V ab -E p ) can be easily obtained when driving in an electric vehicle as follows.
제3도는 가속페달을 밟음으로써 배터리가 방전되어질 때 출력전압의 변화를 나타내는 도면으로서, 전류 ip가 흐르는 기간이 가속페달을 밟고 있는 기간 즉 방전시간을 나타내는 것이다.FIG. 3 is a graph showing a change in the output voltage when the battery is discharged by depressing the accelerator pedal. The period during which the current i p flows is the period during which the accelerator pedal is depressed, that is, the discharge time.
제3도에 도시된 바와 같이 가속페달에 답력을 가하기 이전의 전압과 가속페달에 답력을 가함으로써 배터리가 방전되기 사작하는 순간의 전압을 측정하여 그 차를 구함으로서 (Vab-Ep)를 구하고, 또한 가속페달에 답력을 가함으로써 배터리가 방전되기 시작하는 순간의 전류를 측정하여 ip를 검출한다.As shown in FIG. 3, by measuring the voltage at the instant when the battery is discharged by applying the voltage to the accelerator pedal and the pressure before the accelerator pedal, and obtaining the difference (V ab -E p ) And by measuring the current at the instant when the battery starts discharging by applying pressure to the accelerator pedal, i p is detected.
이와 같은 방법으로 옴저항 Rp를 맵핑하게 되는 바, 전기자동차에 탑재될 배터리로 단품시험을 하여야 한다.In this way, the ohmic resistor R p is mapped, and a single component test is required for the battery to be mounted on the electric vehicle.
제5(a)도는 배터리 단품시험을 하여 그 결과를 전기자동차의 콘트롤러에 입력하는 방법을 설명하는 흐름도이다.5 (a) and 5 (b) are flowcharts for explaining a method of performing a battery single component test and inputting the result to a controller of an electric vehicle.
먼저 배터리 충방전기를 이용하여 배터리를 만충전시키고나면 그때 충방전기의 잔존용량(SOC)를 1로 조정한다. 이때 배터리는 통상 5시간을 용량(C5)이 표시되어 있으므로 정전류로 방전시켜 각각의 잔존용량을 맞취준다.First, after the battery is fully charged using the battery charger / discharger, the remaining capacity (SOC) of the charger / discharger is adjusted to 1. At this time, since the capacity (C5) of the battery is normally indicated for 5 hours, the battery is discharged with a constant current to match each remaining capacity.
그리고나서 각 잔존용량에서 가속페달을 밟을 때 초기에 흐르는 전류(약 7A)로 방전시켜 전압강하 및 옴저항 Rp를 계산하고, 그 값들을 모아 표로 만들어 전기자동차의 전반적인 동작을 제어하는 시스템콘트롤러에 입력시킨다.Then, when the accelerator pedal is depressed in each of the remaining capacities, the system controller is operated to discharge the voltage with an initially flowing current (about 7A) to calculate the voltage drop and the ohmic resistance R p , .
이와 같이 하여 시스템콘트롤러에 입력되는 잔존용량과 내부저항간의 관계에 대한 측정결과의 일례가 그래프화되어 제4도에 도시되어 있다.An example of the measurement result of the relationship between the remaining capacity and the internal resistance input to the system controller in this way is shown in a graph in FIG.
이는 배터리의 종류 즉 납배터리인지 또는 니켈메탈하이드라미드 배터리인지 등에 따라 그리고 제조회사마다 Rp값이 다르므로 배터리별로 단품시험을 거쳐 정확한 잔존용량 및 Rp값을 측정하여야 한다.This is because the R p value differs depending on the type of the battery, that is, whether it is a lead battery or a nickel metal hydramide battery, and therefore, the remaining capacity and the R p value should be measured after separately testing each battery.
이와 같이 배터리를 모델링화하여 배터리 단품별로 내부저항에 대한 잔존용량을 측정하고 그 결과를 시스템콘트롤러에 입력시켜 놓은 상태에서 차량에 장착되어 있는 배터리에 대한 잔존용량을 인스트루먼트패널에 잔존용량계를 통해 표시함으로써 운전자는 배터리의 잔존용량 확인이 용이하게 된다.In this way, the remaining capacity of the battery mounted on the vehicle is displayed on the instrument panel through the remaining capacity meter while the battery is modeled, the remaining capacity of the battery is measured for the internal resistance, and the result is input to the system controller So that the driver can easily check the remaining capacity of the battery.
이를 전기자동차에 적용하여 잔존용량계로 표시하는 방법에 대해서는 제5(b)도에 도시된 흐름도에 설명되어 있다.A method of applying this to an electric vehicle and displaying it as a remaining capacity meter is described in the flowchart shown in FIG. 5 (b).
즉, 차량이 정지상태에서 출발되고 있는 것으로 판단되면 그 순간의 배터리 전압과 전류를 감지하여 앞서 설명된 바와 같은 방법으로 내부저항을 산출한다.That is, when it is determined that the vehicle is starting from the stopped state, the battery voltage and current at that moment are sensed and the internal resistance is calculated in the manner described above.
그리고 산출된 저항에 대하여 미리 입력되어 있던 내부저항 대 잔존용량간의 관계표로부터 잔존용량을 읽어 디스플레이장치를 통해 출력한다.Then, the remaining capacity is read out from the relationship table between the internal resistance and the remaining capacity which has been inputted in advance for the calculated resistance, and is outputted through the display device.
이러한 디스플레이장치는 인스트루먼트패널에 설치되는 디지털 화된 표시장치를 이용함으로써 운전자가 쉽게 확인할 수 있도록 함이 바람직하다.It is preferable that such a display device can be easily confirmed by a driver by using a digitized display device installed in an instrument panel.
상기한 바와 같이 본 발명은 배터리의 내부저항을 측정하여 그에 대응되는 잔존용량을 도표화하여 시스템콘트롤러에 입력시켜 놓고, 주행중 배터리의 내부저항 측정을 통해 잔존용량을 판단하여 표시함으로써 충전요망시점을 정확하게 알 수 있고, 주행중 잔존용량으로 주행할 수 있는 거리를 예측할 수 있게 되어 배터리용량 고갈에 의한 정지를 피함으로써 안전한 주행을 할 수 있는 효과가 있다.As described above, according to the present invention, the internal resistance of a battery is measured, and the remaining capacity corresponding thereto is tabulated and input to the system controller. The remaining capacity is determined and displayed by measuring the internal resistance of the battery during operation, And it is possible to predict the distance that the vehicle can travel at the remaining capacity while the vehicle is running so that the vehicle can be safely run by avoiding stoppage due to depletion of the battery capacity.
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| KR100384160B1 (en) * | 2000-12-27 | 2003-05-16 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Method for modeling operation the charge/discharge characteristics of a battery according to a status of capacitance |
| KR100471233B1 (en) * | 2002-06-26 | 2005-03-10 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Method of generating maximum charge current and maximum discharge current for battery in a hybrid electric vehicle |
| KR100814811B1 (en) * | 2006-02-03 | 2008-03-19 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | Battery management systemm and soc reset method thereof |
| KR102194842B1 (en) * | 2017-11-03 | 2020-12-23 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | battery management system and method for optimizing an internal resistance of a battery |
| KR102676246B1 (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2024-06-19 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Apparatus and method for diagnosing battery replacement for vehicle |
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