JPWO2017119288A1 - エネルギー貯蔵デバイス用電極 - Google Patents
エネルギー貯蔵デバイス用電極 Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2017119288A1 JPWO2017119288A1 JP2017560094A JP2017560094A JPWO2017119288A1 JP WO2017119288 A1 JPWO2017119288 A1 JP WO2017119288A1 JP 2017560094 A JP2017560094 A JP 2017560094A JP 2017560094 A JP2017560094 A JP 2017560094A JP WO2017119288 A1 JPWO2017119288 A1 JP WO2017119288A1
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- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- IMSODMZESSGVBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Oxazoline Chemical compound C1CN=CO1 IMSODMZESSGVBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
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Abstract
Description
1.集電基板と、該集電基板の少なくとも一方の面に形成されたCNTを含むアンダーコート層と、該アンダーコート層の表面上に形成された活物質層とを備え、前記活物質層が、導電助剤を含まないことを特徴とするエネルギー貯蔵デバイス用電極。
2.前記アンダーコート層が、側鎖にオキサゾリン基を含むポリマーからなるCNT分散剤を含む1のエネルギー貯蔵デバイス用電極。
3.前記ポリマーが、下記式(1)で表されるオキサゾリンモノマーをラジカル重合して得られるものである2のエネルギー貯蔵デバイス用電極。
4.前記活物質層が、活物質として、リン酸鉄リチウム、マンガン酸リチウム、チタン酸リチウム又は酸化チタンを含む1〜3のいずれかのエネルギー貯蔵デバイス用電極。
5.前記酸化チタンが、ブロンズ型の結晶構造を有する酸化チタンである4のエネルギー貯蔵デバイス用電極。
6.前記活物質層が、スチレン−ブタジエンゴムをバインダーとして含み、カルボキシメチルセルロースの塩を増粘剤として含む1〜5のいずれかのエネルギー貯蔵デバイス用電極。
7.1〜6のいずれかのエネルギー貯蔵デバイス用電極を備えるエネルギー貯蔵デバイス。
8.リチウムイオン二次電池である7のエネルギー貯蔵デバイス。
本発明のエネルギー貯蔵デバイス用電極は、集電基板と、該集電基板の少なくとも一方の面に形成されたCNTを含むアンダーコート層と、該アンダーコート層の表面上に形成された活物質層とを備え、活物質層が、導電助剤を含まないものである。
前記集電基板としては、従来、エネルギー貯蔵デバイス電極の集電基板として用いられているものから適宜選択すればよく、例えば、アルミニウム、銅、ニッケル、金、銀及びそれらの合金や、カーボン材料、金属酸化物、導電性ポリマー等の薄膜を用いることができる。これらのうち、導電性、質量、コスト等の点から、アルミニウム、アルミニウム合金等からなる金属箔を用いることが好ましい。前記集電基板の厚みは特に限定されないが、本発明においては1〜100μmが好ましい。
前記アンダーコート層は、CNTを含み、更に必要に応じてCNT分散剤及び/又はマトリックスポリマーを含む。前記アンダーコート層は、CNTと溶媒と、必要に応じてCNT分散剤及び/又はマトリックスポリマーとを含むCNT含有組成物(分散液)を用いて作製することが好ましい。
本発明のエネルギー貯蔵デバイス用電極は、前記アンダーコート層の表面上に活物質層を備える。前記活物質層は、活物質とバインダーポリマーと、必要に応じて増粘剤や溶媒とを含む電極スラリーを、アンダーコート層上に塗布し、自然又は加熱乾燥して形成することができる。活物質層の形成部位は、用いるデバイスのセル形態等に応じて適宜設定すればよく、アンダーコート層の表面全部でもその一部でもよいが、ラミネートセル等に使用する目的で、金属タブと電極とを超音波溶接等の溶接により接合した電極構造体として用いる場合には、溶接部を残すためアンダーコート層の表面の一部に電極スラリーを塗布して活物質層を形成することが好ましい。特に、ラミネートセル用途では、アンダーコート層の周縁を残したそれ以外の部分に電極スラリーを塗布して活物質層を形成することが好適である。
正極活物質としては、例えば、リチウムイオンを吸着・離脱可能なカルコゲン化合物又はリチウムイオン含有カルコゲン化合物、ポリアニオン系化合物、硫黄単体及びその化合物等を用いることができる。
このようなリチウムイオンを吸着・離脱可能なカルコゲン化合物としては、例えば、FeS2、TiS2、MoS2、V2O6、V6O13、MnO2等が挙げられる。
リチウムイオン含有カルコゲン化合物としては、例えば、LiCoO2、LiMnO2、LiMn2O4、LiMo2O4、LiV3O8、LiNiO2、LixNiyM1-yO2(但し、Mは、Co、Mn、Ti、Cr、V、Al、Sn、Pb、及びZnから選ばれる少なくとも1種以上の金属元素を表し、0.05≦x≦1.10、0.5≦y≦1.0)等が挙げられる。
ポリアニオン系化合物としては、例えば、リン酸鉄リチウム(LiFePO4)等が挙げられる。
硫黄化合物としては、例えば、Li2S、ルベアン酸等が挙げられる。
これらの中でも、本発明で用いる正極活物質としては、LiMn2O4、LiFePO4を含むものを用いることが好ましい。
アルカリ金属としては、Li、Na、K等が挙げられ、アルカリ金属合金としては、例えば、金属Li、Li−Al、Li−Mg、Li−Al−Ni、Na、Na−Hg、Na−Zn等が挙げられる。
リチウムイオンを吸蔵放出する周期表4〜15族の元素から選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素の単体としては、例えば、ケイ素やスズ、アルミニウム、亜鉛、砒素等が挙げられる。
同じく酸化物としては、例えば、酸化チタン(TiO4)、スズケイ素酸化物(SnSiO3)、リチウム酸化ビスマス(Li3BiO4)、リチウム酸化亜鉛(Li2ZnO2)、チタン酸リチウム(リチウム酸化チタン)(Li4Ti5O12)等が挙げられる。
同じく硫化物としては、リチウム硫化鉄(LixFeS2(0≦x≦3))、リチウム硫化銅(LixCuS(0≦x≦3))等が挙げられる。
同じく窒化物としては、リチウム含有遷移金属窒化物が挙げられ、具体的には、LixMyN(M=Co、Ni、Cu、0≦x≦3、0≦y≦0.5)、リチウム鉄窒化物(Li3FeN4)等が挙げられる。
リチウムイオンを可逆的に吸蔵・放出可能な炭素材料としては、グラファイト、カーボンブラック、コークス、ガラス状炭素、炭素繊維、CNT、又はこれらの焼結体等が挙げられる。
これらの中でも、前記負極活物質としては、酸化チタン、チタン酸リチウム等のチタン含有酸化物を含むものが好ましく、特に、得られるデバイスの容量や寿命、電圧等の点から、酸化チタンが好ましく、ブロンズ型の結晶構造を有する酸化チタン(TiO2(B))がより好ましい。
電極スラリーの粘度が低く、塗工が困難な場合には、必要に応じて増粘剤を用いることができる。増粘剤としては、公知の材料から適宜選択して用いることができ、例えば、CMCのナトリウム塩、アンモニウム塩等が挙げられる。これらは市販品として入手することもでき、その具体例としては、前記オキサゾリン基と架橋反応を起こす化合物で例示したものと同様のものが挙げられる。増粘剤の添加量は、塗工に適した電極スラリーとなる量を適宜選択すればよいが、活物質100質量部に対して、0.1〜20質量部が好ましく、0.5〜10質量部がより好ましい。
本発明のエネルギー貯蔵デバイスは、前記エネルギー貯蔵デバイス用電極を備えるものであり、具体的には、少なくとも一対の正極及び負極と、これら各極間に介在するセパレータと、電解質とを備えて構成される。これら正極及び負極の少なくとも一方に、本発明のエネルギー貯蔵デバイス用電極を用いる。前記エネルギー貯蔵デバイス用電極以外のデバイス構成部材である、セパレータ、電解質等は、公知の材料から適宜選択して用いることができる。
また、正極及び負極のいずれか一方に、公知の電極を用いる場合、そのような電極としては、上述したエネルギー貯蔵デバイス用電極からアンダーコート層を除外した構造のものを用いればよい。
装置:Hielscher Ultrasonics社製、UIP1000
(2)ワイヤーバーコーター
装置:(株)エスエムテー製、PM-9050MC
(3)充放電測定装置
装置:東洋システム(株)製、TOSCAT 3100
(4)ホモディスパー
装置:プライミクス(株)製、T.K.ロボミックス(ホモディスパー2.5型(φ32)付き)
(5)薄膜旋回型高速ミキサー
装置:プライミクス(株)製、フィルミクス40型
(6)自転・公転ミキサー
装置:(株)シンキー製、あわとり練太郎ARE-310
(7)ロールプレス機
装置:宝泉(株)製、超小型卓上熱ロールプレス機HSR-60150H
(8)コインセルかしめ機
装置:宝泉(株)製、手動コインカシメ機CR2032
[調製例1]
分散剤としてオキサゾリンポリマーを含む水溶液であるエポクロスWS-700((株)日本触媒製、固形分濃度25質量%、Mw=4×104、オキサゾリン基量4.5mmol/g)2.0gと、蒸留水47.5gとを混合し、更にそこへMWCNT(Nanocyl社製NC7000、外径10nm)0.5gを混合した。得られた混合物に対して、プローブ型超音波照射装置を用いて室温で30分間超音波処理を行い、沈降物がなくMWCNTが均一に分散した黒色のMWCNT含有分散液を得た。
得られたMWCNT含有分散液50gに、ポリアクリル酸アンモニウムを含む水溶液であるアロンA-30(東亞合成(株)製、固形分濃度31.6質量%)0.7gと、アルギン酸ナトリウム(関東化学(株)製、鹿1級)0.2gと、蒸留水49.1gとを加えて攪拌し、アンダーコート液A1を得た。
得られたアンダーコート液A1を、集電基板であるアルミ箔(厚み15μm)にワイヤーバーコーター(OSP30、ウェット膜厚30μm)で均一に展開後、150℃で20分乾燥してアンダーコート層を形成し、アンダーコート箔B1を作製した。アンダーコート箔を5×10cmに切り出したものを20枚用意し、質量を測定後、0.5mol/Lの塩酸を染み込ませた紙でアンダーコート層を擦り落とした金属箔の質量を測定し、擦り落とす前後の質量差からアンダーコート層の目付量を算出した結果、0.302g/m2であった。
MWCNTのかわりにアセチレンブラック(AB)(電気化学工業(株)製、デンカブラック)を用いた以外は、調製例1と同様にして、アンダーコート箔B2を作製した。アンダーコート箔B2の目付量を算出したところ、0.329g/m2であった。
[実施例1]
活物質としてLFP(TATUNG FINE CHEMICALS CO.)13.9g、バインダーとしてスチレン−ブタジエンゴム(SBR)の水分散液(48.5質量%、JSR(株)製TRD2001)0.550g、増粘剤としてカルボキシメチルセルロースアンモニウム塩(NH4CMC、(株)ダイセル製、DN-800H)0.267g及び純水15.3gを、ホモディスパーにて8,000rpmで5分間混合した。次いで、薄膜旋回型高速ミキサーを用いて周速25m/秒で60秒の混合処理をし、更に自転・公転ミキサーにて2,200rpmで30秒脱泡することで、電極スラリー(固形分濃度48質量%、LFP:SBR:NH4CMC=104:2:2(質量比))を作製した。
得られた電極スラリーを、調製例1で作製したアンダーコート箔B1に均一(ウェット膜厚200μm)に展開後、80℃で30分、次いで120℃で30分乾燥してアンダーコート層上に活物質層を形成し、更にロールプレス機で圧着することで、活物質層の厚み70μm、密度1.86g/cm3の電極C1を作製した。
2032型のコインセル(宝泉(株)製)のワッシャーとスペーサーが溶接されたフタに、直径14mmに打ち抜いたリチウム箔(本荘ケミカル(株)製、厚み0.17mm)を6枚重ねたものを設置し、その上に、電解液(キシダ化学(株)製、エチレンカーボネート:ジエチルカーボネート=1:1(体積比)、電解質であるリチウムヘキサフルオロホスフェートを1mol/L含む。)を24時間以上染み込ませた、直径16mmに打ち抜いたセパレータ(セルガード(株)製、2400)を一枚重ねた。更に上から、活物質を塗布した面を下にして電極C1を重ねた。電解液を1滴滴下したのち、ケースとガスケットを載せて、コインセルかしめ機で密封した。その後24時間静置し、試験用の二次電池とした。
活物質としてLFP11.1g、バインダーとしてSBRの水分散液(48.5質量%)0.458g、増粘剤としてNH4CMC0.222g、導電助剤としてAB(電気化学工業(株)製、デンカブラック)0.444g、及び純水17.8gを、ホモディスパーにて8,000rpmで5分間混合した。次いで、薄膜旋回型高速ミキサーを用いて周速25m/秒で60秒の混合処理をし、更に自転・公転ミキサーにて2,200rpmで30秒脱泡することで、電極スラリー(固形分濃度40質量%、LFP:SBR:NH4CMC:AB=100:2:2:4(質量比))を作製した。
得られた電極スラリーを、無垢のアルミ箔に均一(ウェット膜厚200μm)に展開後、80℃で30分、次いで120℃で30分乾燥してアルミ箔上に活物質層を形成し、更にロールプレス機で圧着することで、活物質層の厚み52μm、密度1.76g/cm3の電極C2を作製した。
得られた電極C2を用い、実施例1と同様にして試験用の二次電池を作製した。
アンダーコート箔B1のかわりに、調製例2で作製したアンダーコート箔B2を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして電極C3を作製し、試験用の二次電池を作製した。電極C3の厚みは71μm、密度1.85g/cm3であった。
アンダーコート箔B1のかわりに無垢のアルミ箔を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして電極C4を作製し、試験用の二次電池を作製した。電極C4の厚みは69μm、密度1.86g/cm3であった。
・電流:0.5C定電流充電、3C定電流放電(LFPの容量を170mAh/gとした。)
・カットオフ電圧:4.50V−2.00V
・温度:室温
[実施例2]
活物質としてJ. Electrochem. Soc., 159(1), A49-A54 (2012)に記載の方法で合成したTiO2(B)9.53g、バインダーとしてSBRの水分散液(48.5質量%)0.378g、増粘剤としてNH4CMC0.183g及び純水19.9gを、ホモディスパーにて6,000rpmで5分間混合した。次いで、薄膜旋回型高速ミキサーを用いて周速25m/秒で60秒の混合処理をし、更に自転・公転ミキサーにて2,200rpmで30秒脱泡することで、電極スラリー(固形分濃度33質量%、TiO2(B):SBR:NH4CMC=104:2:2(質量比))を作製した。
得られた電極スラリーを、調製例1で作製したアンダーコート箔B1に均一(ウェット膜厚200μm)に展開後、80℃で30分、次いで120℃で30分乾燥してアンダーコート層上に活物質層を形成し、更にロールプレス機で圧着することで、活物質層の厚み45μm、密度1.63g/cm3の電極C5を作製した。
得られた電極C5を用い、実施例1と同様にして試験用の二次電池を作製した。
アンダーコート箔B1のかわりに無垢のアルミ箔を用いた以外は、実施例2と同様にして電極C6を作製し、試験用の二次電池を作製した。電極C6の厚みは48μm、密度1.56g/cm3であった。
・電流:0.5C定電流充放電(TiO2(B)の容量を336mAh/gとした。)
・カットオフ電圧:3.00V−1.00V
・温度:室温
[実施例3]
活物質としてLTO((株)豊島製作所製)10.7g、バインダーとしてSBRの水分散液(48.5質量%)0.424g、増粘剤としてNH4CMC0.206g及び純水18.7gを、ホモディスパーにて6,000rpmで5分間混合した。次いで、薄膜旋回型高速ミキサーを用いて周速25m/秒で60秒の混合処理をし、更に自転・公転ミキサーにて2,200rpmで30秒脱泡することで、電極スラリー(固形分濃度37質量%、LTO:SBR:NH4CMC=104:2:2(質量比))を作製した。
得られた電極スラリーを、調製例1で作製したアンダーコート箔B1に均一(ウェット膜厚200μm)に展開後、80℃で30分、次いで120℃で30分乾燥してアンダーコート層上に活物質層を形成し、更にロールプレス機で圧着することで、活物質層の厚み44μm、密度1.86g/cm3の電極C7を作製した。
得られた電極C7を用い、実施例1と同様にして試験用の二次電池を作製した。
アンダーコート箔B1のかわりに無垢のアルミ箔を用いた以外は、実施例3と同様にして電極C8を作製し、試験用の二次電池を作製した。電極C8の厚みは44μm、密度1.85g/cm3であった。
・電流:0.5C定電流充電、5C定電流放電(LTOの容量を175mAh/gとした。)
・カットオフ電圧:3.00V−1.00V
・温度:室温
[実施例4]
活物質としてLMO((株)豊島製作所製)13.9g、バインダーとしてSBRの水分散液(48.5質量%)0.550g、増粘剤としてNH4CMC0.267g及び純水15.3gを、ホモディスパーにて8,000rpmで5分間混合した。次いで、薄膜旋回型高速ミキサーを用いて周速25m/秒で60秒の混合処理をし、更に自転・公転ミキサーにて2,200rpmで30秒脱泡することで、電極スラリー(固形分濃度48質量%、LMO:SBR:NH4CMC=104:2:2(質量比))を作製した。
得られた電極スラリーを、調製例1で作製したアンダーコート箔B1に均一(ウェット膜厚100μm)に展開後、80℃で30分、次いで120℃で30分乾燥してアンダーコート層上に活物質層を形成し、更にロールプレス機で圧着することで、活物質層の厚み26μm、密度2.13g/cm3の電極C9を作製した。
得られた電極C9を用い、実施例1と同様にして試験用の二次電池を作製した。
アンダーコート箔B1のかわりに無垢のアルミ箔を用いた以外は、実施例4と同様にして電極C9を作製し、試験用の二次電池を作製した。電極C9の厚みは25μm、密度2.22g/cm3であった。
・電流:0.05C定電流充放電(LMOの容量を148mAh/gとした。)
・カットオフ電圧:4.50V−3.00V
・温度:室温
Claims (8)
- 集電基板と、該集電基板の少なくとも一方の面に形成されたカーボンナノチューブを含むアンダーコート層と、該アンダーコート層の表面上に形成された活物質層とを備え、前記活物質層が、導電助剤を含まないことを特徴とするエネルギー貯蔵デバイス用電極。
- 前記アンダーコート層が、側鎖にオキサゾリン基を含むポリマーからなるカーボンナノチューブ分散剤を含む請求項1記載のエネルギー貯蔵デバイス用電極。
- 前記活物質層が、活物質として、リン酸鉄リチウム、マンガン酸リチウム、チタン酸リチウム又は酸化チタンを含む請求項1〜3のいずれか1項記載のエネルギー貯蔵デバイス用電極。
- 前記酸化チタンが、ブロンズ型の結晶構造を有する酸化チタンである請求項4記載のエネルギー貯蔵デバイス用電極。
- 前記活物質層が、スチレン−ブタジエンゴムをバインダーとして含み、カルボキシメチルセルロースの塩を増粘剤として含む請求項1〜5のいずれか1項記載のエネルギー貯蔵デバイス用電極。
- 請求項1〜6のいずれか1項記載のエネルギー貯蔵デバイス用電極を備えるエネルギー貯蔵デバイス。
- リチウムイオン二次電池である請求項7記載のエネルギー貯蔵デバイス。
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CN106415919A (zh) * | 2014-03-31 | 2017-02-15 | 泰克年研究发展基金会公司 | 钝态金属活化方法和其用途 |
CN110024192B (zh) * | 2016-12-02 | 2022-07-26 | 日产化学株式会社 | 储能器件用底涂层和储能器件电极用底涂箔 |
US20210028463A1 (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2021-01-28 | Nissan Chemical Corporation | Undercoat layer-forming composition for energy storage device |
WO2019188541A1 (ja) * | 2018-03-29 | 2019-10-03 | 日産化学株式会社 | エネルギー貯蔵デバイスのアンダーコート層 |
JPWO2019188550A1 (ja) * | 2018-03-29 | 2021-04-08 | 日産化学株式会社 | エネルギー貯蔵デバイスのアンダーコート層形成用組成物 |
CN111886718A (zh) * | 2018-03-29 | 2020-11-03 | 日产化学株式会社 | 储能器件的底涂层形成用组合物 |
WO2019188538A1 (ja) * | 2018-03-29 | 2019-10-03 | 日産化学株式会社 | エネルギー貯蔵デバイスのアンダーコート層形成用組成物 |
JPWO2019188540A1 (ja) * | 2018-03-29 | 2021-04-08 | 日産化学株式会社 | エネルギー貯蔵デバイスのアンダーコート層形成用組成物 |
JPWO2019188556A1 (ja) * | 2018-03-29 | 2021-04-01 | 日産化学株式会社 | エネルギー貯蔵デバイス用電極及びエネルギー貯蔵デバイス |
EP3780191A4 (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2022-01-05 | Nissan Chemical Corporation | BASE FILM FOR AN ENERGY STORAGE DEVICE ELECTRODE |
CN109301265A (zh) * | 2018-09-11 | 2019-02-01 | 先进储能材料国家工程研究中心有限责任公司 | 燃料电池涂布用催化剂浆料及其制备方法 |
KR20210130176A (ko) * | 2019-02-21 | 2021-10-29 | 닛산 가가쿠 가부시키가이샤 | 에너지 저장 디바이스 전극용 박막 형성용 조성물 |
CN111180738B (zh) * | 2019-06-28 | 2021-07-30 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | 一种电极极片和电化学装置 |
EP4350803A1 (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2024-04-10 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Electrode and battery |
WO2023182271A1 (ja) * | 2022-03-24 | 2023-09-28 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池用正極、並びにこれを用いた非水電解質二次電池、電池モジュール、及び電池システム |
WO2024009988A1 (ja) * | 2022-07-04 | 2024-01-11 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池用正極、並びにこれを用いた非水電解質二次電池、電池モジュール、及び電池システム、非水電解質二次電池用正極の製造方法 |
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JP2013033685A (ja) * | 2011-08-03 | 2013-02-14 | Showa Denko Kk | 二次電池用負極および二次電池 |
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EP3401981B1 (en) | 2021-03-17 |
TW201740599A (zh) | 2017-11-16 |
EP3401981A1 (en) | 2018-11-14 |
TWI782902B (zh) | 2022-11-11 |
EP3401981A4 (en) | 2018-12-26 |
KR20180101461A (ko) | 2018-09-12 |
US10749172B2 (en) | 2020-08-18 |
CN108431995A (zh) | 2018-08-21 |
WO2017119288A1 (ja) | 2017-07-13 |
JP6962200B2 (ja) | 2021-11-05 |
US20190044132A1 (en) | 2019-02-07 |
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