JPWO2014076812A1 - Spray nozzle, burner with spray nozzle and combustion apparatus with burner - Google Patents

Abstract

In a spray nozzle 1 in which liquid fuel is sprayed using a spray medium and burned, the spray fluid 2 and the spray medium 3 are joined to the spray nozzle at the first joining portion 91 to form a mixed fluid 8. The mixed fluid 8 passes through the mixed fluid flow paths 9 and 10, and the flow of the mixed fluid 8 facing at the second joining portion 92 in the vicinity of the outlet hole 11 collides and is ejected from the outlet hole 11. The mixed fluid passages 9 and 10 near the outlet hole 11 are formed so as to narrow the cross-sectional area of the mixed fluid, and the flow velocity of the mixed fluid 8 is increased to promote atomization of the spray of the mixed fluid 8 due to the collision. According to this spray nozzle, the combustion reaction proceeds, unburned matter, dust, and carbon monoxide at the outlet of the combustion apparatus are reduced, and combustion efficiency can be increased. Moreover, by accelerating the combustion reaction, consumption of oxygen progresses and generation of nitrogen oxides can be suppressed.

Description

  The present invention relates to a two-fluid spray nozzle that atomizes a spray fluid (liquid) using a spray medium (gas), and more particularly, a spray nozzle that atomizes a liquid fuel spray fluid using a spray medium. And a burner provided with a spray nozzle, and a combustion apparatus provided with the burner.

  High-power, high-load combustion devices such as power generation boilers often employ a floating combustion method in which fuel is sprayed and burned horizontally in a furnace space (hereinafter referred to as a furnace) provided in the combustion device. .

  When the liquid fuel is burned, the fuel is atomized with a spraying medium by a spray nozzle and floated in a furnace and burned.

  This spray nozzle is used not only in combustion devices that use liquid fuel as the main fuel, but also in combustion devices that use pulverized coal solid fuel as the main fuel in order to start up the combustion device and to burn liquid fuel for auxiliary combustion. Often installed.

  In the combustion of liquid fuel, the following three items are mainly required.

(1) High combustion efficiency (2) Reduction of combustion emissions typified by dust, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide (3) Increase in the capacity of the spray nozzle accompanying the increase in the size of the combustion device (1), (2 ), It is desirable to adjust the amount of combustion air and atomize the liquid fuel.

  Regarding the adjustment of the amount of combustion air, it is desirable to reduce the amount of air in order to increase the combustion efficiency and reduce the sensible heat discharged together with the exhaust gas after combustion.

  However, when the amount of air decreases, incomplete combustion occurs and soot and carbon monoxide are likely to be generated. For this reason, it is common for the amount of air to give a surplus air amount of 5% or more with respect to the theoretical amount of air necessary for the combustion of the liquid fuel, which is the combustion engineering handbook, Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, pages 167-169. 272 (Non-Patent Document 1).

  As for atomization of liquid fuel, the combustion reaction is accelerated by atomization of the liquid fuel, so that dust and carbon monoxide are hardly generated even when the amount of combustion air is small. Further, since the combustion reaction is accelerated, it becomes difficult to form an atmosphere having a high oxygen concentration at a high temperature, and it is difficult to generate nitrogen oxides.

  For this reason, in the spray nozzle used for the burner of a combustion apparatus, it is necessary to achieve both the atomization of liquid fuel and the increase in the capacity of the combustion apparatus.

  In general, in a combustion apparatus such as a large-capacity boiler or a heating furnace, an internal mixing type two-type sprayer that mixes and sprays with a spraying medium such as air or steam as a spray nozzle of a burner in order to refine the liquid fuel. Non-Patent Document 1 describes that a fluid spray nozzle (hereinafter referred to as a conventional spray nozzle) is used.

  In the conventional spray nozzles, there are problems in reducing the amount of spray medium used for atomizing the liquid fuel and the amount of pressure applied to the spray fluid and spray medium during spraying.

  For example, when steam is used as a spraying medium for refining liquid fuel that is a spray fluid, the steam of the spraying medium introduced into the combustion apparatus becomes moisture in the combustion exhaust gas generated in the combustion apparatus. When the amount of exhaust gas increases due to this moisture, the combustion efficiency of the combustion device decreases. For this reason, it is desirable to reduce the amount of steam used as a spraying medium within a range that does not hinder atomization of liquid fuel.

  In addition, when spraying a spray medium that refines the liquid fuel that becomes the spray fluid, the spray fluid or the spray medium is pressurized. If the amount of pressurization is reduced, the energy consumption used for pressurization can be reduced. .

  Therefore, in order to solve the above-described problems, a method for mixing a spraying medium for refining the spray fluid has been studied. Of these, a mixed fluid in which a spray fluid and a spray medium are mixed is supplied in opposition to the vicinity of the outlet hole of the spray nozzle, and atomization of the spray fluid is promoted by colliding these opposed mixed fluids. An example is disclosed in, for example, JP-A-9-239299 (Patent Document 1).

  In addition, since the said technique sprays in fan shape from the exit hole of a spray nozzle, it is also called a fan spray type spray nozzle.

  In the fan spray type spray nozzle technique disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-239299, the spray medium is mixed with a spray fluid such as liquid fuel in a flow path upstream of the outlet hole of the spray nozzle, and this mixed fluid Is made to collide in the vicinity of the outlet hole of the spray nozzle.

  The liquid fuel is atomized by mixing with the spraying medium and collision of the mixed fluid in the vicinity of the outlet hole. It has been disclosed that even if the amount of spray medium used is reduced by this two-stage atomization, the particle diameter of the sprayed liquid fuel is prevented from becoming coarse.

JP 9-239299 A

Combustion Engineering Handbook Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers pp. 167-169, 272

  The fan spray type spray nozzle disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-239299 has a spray fluid (liquid) channel inside the spray nozzle and a spray medium (gas) channel at the outer peripheral position thereof. Yes.

  The flow paths of the spray fluid and the spray medium are changed by the partition wall surrounding the outlet hole at the tip of the spray nozzle, and both flow paths intersect and mix, and the mixed fluid flow path faces in the vicinity of the outlet hole. It is the structure provided.

  In the above-described fan spray type spray nozzle, the sprayed fluid is atomized by the collision of the mixed fluid flowing in the vicinity of the outlet hole.At this time, the mixed fluid ejected from the outlet hole of the spray nozzle by the collision is: It becomes a fan-shaped spray that expands along a plane orthogonal to the flow direction before the collision.

  In general, the fan-shaped spray of the spray fluid ejected from the outlet hole of the spray nozzle has a high flow rate at the central portion of the spray and a low flow rate at the outer edge portion of the spray. Further, according to the measurement by the inventors, the particle size of the spray of the spray fluid ejected from the fan spray type spray nozzle is relatively large at the central portion of the fan-shaped spray and is small at the outer edge portion of the fan-shaped spray. .

  Since the central part of the fan-shaped spray of the sprayed spray fluid has a larger flow rate than the outer edge of the spray, mixing with the combustion air is difficult to proceed. Furthermore, since the spray particle size is large in the central part of the spray, there is a problem that the combustion reaction is slow and combustion emission is easily generated.

  In this case, in order to promote atomization of the spray fluid, it is necessary to increase the amount of spraying medium used or increase the pressure. However, if the amount of spraying medium used is increased or the pressure is increased. However, there is a problem that the energy consumption used for supplying the spraying medium and the pressurizing force increases, and the combustion efficiency of the combustion apparatus decreases.

  An object of the present invention is to promote atomization of the central part of the spray where the particle diameter of the spray fluid is relatively large to promote atomization of the entire spray fluid and to use the atomizing medium used for atomization of the spray fluid It is to provide a spray nozzle, a burner equipped with a spray nozzle, and a combustion device equipped with a burner, in which combustion efficiency is improved by achieving both reduction of pressure and reduction of applied pressure.

  The spray nozzle of the present invention is a spray nozzle that sprays a mixed fluid that is atomized by mixing a spray fluid with a spray medium, and the spray nozzle includes a partition that forms an outer surface of the spray nozzle, and an inside of the partition. A plurality of sprays that are provided with a plurality of grooves on the outer surface of the structure on the inlet side of the spray nozzle and supply spray fluid between the inner wall of the partition walls and the grooves. A plurality of spray medium flow paths that form a fluid flow path, supply a spray medium to the inside of the structure on the inlet side of the spray nozzle, and supply the spray fluid In the middle of the spray fluid flow path, the spray medium flow path communicates, and the spray fluid and the spray medium supplied from the spray medium flow path merge to form a mixed fluid. 1 merging portion and below the first merging portion The plurality of spray fluid passages on the side are arranged to face the mixed fluid passages communicating with the spray fluid passages so that the mixed fluids flowing down the spray fluid passages face each other. In the mixed fluid flow path, a second merging portion is formed in the vicinity of the tip portion of the spray nozzle so that the mixed fluids flowing down through the mixed fluid flow path disposed facing each other collide with each other. An outlet hole for spraying the mixed fluid from the spray nozzle to the outside is provided in the partition wall at the tip of the spray nozzle facing the second confluence portion formed in the flow path, and the second flow path is provided in the mixed fluid flow path. Forming a constricted portion in which the cross-sectional area of the mixed fluid flow channel facing the confluent portion is narrower than the cross-sectional area of the mixed fluid flow channel on the upstream side of the second confluent portion; It is characterized by.

  The spray nozzle of the present invention is a spray nozzle that mixes a spray fluid with a spray medium to atomize the spray nozzle, and the spray nozzle has a partition that forms an outer surface of the spray nozzle and a structure that is accommodated in the partition. And a plurality of spray fluid flow paths for supplying a spray fluid between the inner wall of the partition wall and the groove portions provided on the outer surface of the structure on the inlet side of the spray nozzle. Forming a plurality of spraying medium flow paths for supplying a spraying medium to the inside of the structure on the inlet side of the spray nozzle, and supplying the spraying fluid to the plurality of spraying fluid flow paths. In the middle of the spray fluid flow path, a first merging portion that is connected to the spray medium flow path so that the spray fluid and the spray medium supplied from the spray medium flow path merge to form a mixed fluid. And forming the downstream side of the first merging portion The plurality of atomizing fluid channels are arranged opposite to each other so that the mixed fluids flowing down the atomizing fluid channels flow in opposition to each other, and the mixed fluids In the flow path, a second merging portion is formed in the mixed fluid flow path, in the vicinity of the tip of the spray nozzle, where the mixed fluids flowing down the mixed fluid flow path arranged to face each other collide with each other. An outlet hole for spraying the mixed fluid from the spray nozzle to the outside is provided in the partition wall at the tip of the spray nozzle facing the second merge portion, and the mixed fluid flow path faces the second merge portion. The mixed fluid channel has an end in the channel width direction at the center of the mixed fluid channel in the channel width direction in a cross section where the channel cross-sectional area of the mixed fluid channel is perpendicular to the flow direction of the mixed fluid. The present invention is characterized in that a contracted flow portion that is narrower than the portion is formed.

  A burner having a spray nozzle according to the present invention is a burner provided with a spray nozzle that uses liquid fuel as fuel, using the spray nozzle according to the present invention as a spray nozzle, and using the liquid fuel as the spray fluid as the spray fluid. It supplies to a nozzle and supplies vapor | steam or compressed air to the said spray nozzle as said spraying medium.

  The burner having the spray nozzle of the present invention is a fuel nozzle for ejecting solid fuel and its carrier gas, a spray nozzle for spraying liquid fuel, and a combustion gas for ejecting combustion gas for burning the solid fuel and liquid fuel. A burner provided with a gas nozzle, wherein the spray nozzle of the present invention described above is used as the spray nozzle, the liquid fuel is supplied to the spray nozzle as the spray fluid, and steam or compressed air is used as the spray medium. It supplies to the said spray nozzle, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.

  A combustion apparatus having a burner according to the present invention includes a burner for burning fossil fuel, a combustion furnace for burning fossil fuel, a fuel supply system for supplying fossil fuel to the combustion furnace, and the combustion A combustion gas supply system for supplying combustion gas to the furnace, a burner for connecting the fuel supply system and the combustion gas supply system and burning fossil fuel provided on a furnace wall of the combustion furnace, and the combustion furnace A heat exchanger for recovering heat from the combustion exhaust gas generated in the above, and a flue for supplying the heat recovered combustion exhaust gas to the outside of the combustion furnace, and using the fossil fuel liquid fuel as the burner The burner according to the present invention is used.

  A combustion apparatus having a burner according to the present invention is a combustion apparatus having a burner for burning solid fuel and liquid fuel, a combustion furnace for burning the fuel, and a solid fuel supply system for supplying the solid fuel to the combustion furnace A liquid fuel supply system for supplying liquid fuel to the combustion furnace, a combustion gas supply system for supplying combustion gas to the combustion furnace, and the fuel supply system and the combustion gas supply system connected to each other for the combustion A plurality of burners for burning the solid fuel and liquid fuel provided on the furnace wall of the furnace; a heat exchanger for recovering heat from the combustion exhaust gas generated in the combustion furnace; and the combustion furnace for recovering the heat recovered combustion exhaust gas The above-mentioned burner of the present invention is used as the burner.

  According to the present invention, atomization of the central part of the spray where the particle diameter of the spray fluid is relatively large is promoted to promote atomization of the entire spray fluid, and the amount of spray medium used for atomization of the spray fluid is used. It is possible to realize a spray nozzle in which combustion efficiency is improved by achieving both a reduction in pressure and a reduction in applied pressure, a burner having a spray nozzle, and a combustion apparatus having a burner.

It is sectional drawing of the spray nozzle front-end | tip part which shows the structure of the spray nozzle which is 1st Example of this invention, Comprising: Sectional drawing of the AA direction of FIG. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the spray nozzle tip portion according to the first embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 as viewed from another direction, and is a cross-sectional view in the BB direction of FIG. 3. The top view which looked at the spray nozzle front-end | tip part which concerns on 1st Example of this invention shown in FIG. 1 from the exit hole. Explanatory drawing which shows an example of the atomization performance of the spray nozzle which concerns on the Example of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the spray nozzle front-end | tip part which shows the structure of the spray nozzle which is 2nd Example of this invention, Comprising: Sectional drawing of the AA direction of FIG. FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the spray nozzle tip portion showing the spray nozzle tip portion according to the second embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 5, and is a cross-sectional view in the BB direction of FIG. 7. The top view which looked at the spray nozzle front-end | tip part which concerns on 2nd Example of this invention shown in FIG. 5 from the exit hole. The schematic block diagram which shows the structure of the burner which is the 3rd Example of this invention provided with the spray nozzle of 1st Example shown in FIG. 1, or the spray nozzle of 2nd Example shown in FIG. The schematic block diagram which shows the structure of the combustion apparatus which is the 4th Example of this invention provided with the burner of 3rd Example shown in FIG.

  A spray nozzle, a burner equipped with a spray nozzle, and a combustion apparatus equipped with a burner according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  The structure of the spray nozzle according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. The spray nozzle 1 of the present embodiment joins a spray fluid 2 that is liquid fuel and a spray medium 3 that is used to refine the spray fluid 2 at a first junction 91 of the spray fluid flow path 4. The mixed fluid 8 obtained by mixing and mixing the spray fluid 2 and the spray medium 3 in the mixed fluid flow paths 9 and 10 between the first joining portion 91 and the outlet hole 11 of the spray nozzle 1. In the vicinity of the outlet hole 11 to be sprayed to the outside, the cross-sectional area of the mixed fluid flow paths 9 and 10 is narrowed, and the mixed fluid 8 is caused to collide in the vicinity of the outlet hole 11 and sprayed from the outlet hole 11. The nozzle 1 is configured to be sprayed outside.

  1 to 3 show the tip of the spray nozzle 1 of the present embodiment, and FIG. 1 shows that the upstream side refines the spray fluid 2 (liquid fuel) supply system (not shown) and the spray fluid 2. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a tip portion of a spray nozzle 1 connected to a supply system (not shown) of a spray medium 3 (such as steam or compressed air) used for the purpose, and shows a cross-sectional view in the AA direction of FIG. 3. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the tip portion of the spray nozzle 1 as seen from another direction of the spray nozzle tip portion of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 1, showing a cross-sectional view in the BB direction of FIG. 3 is a plan view of the tip of the spray nozzle of this embodiment shown in FIG. 1 as viewed from the outlet hole. The X direction indicates the direction of spraying from the spray nozzle 1.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the tip of the spray nozzle 1 of this embodiment includes a cylindrical partition 15 that forms the outer surface of the tip of the spray nozzle 1 and a circle that is accommodated inside the cylindrical partition 15. A columnar structure 16 is provided.

  Further, grooves serving as a plurality of spray fluid flow paths 4 and 5 for supplying the spray fluid 2 as liquid fuel are provided on the outer peripheral side of the structure 16, and grooves provided on the inner peripheral wall of the cylindrical partition wall 15 and the structure 16 are provided. The spray fluid flow paths 4 and 5 are formed between the spray fluid flow paths 4 and 5, and an even number (two or four) of these spray fluid flow paths 4 and 5 are disposed at symmetrical positions in the circumferential direction, for example.

  Further, in the structure 16, a plurality of spray fluid flow paths 6, 7 for supplying a spray medium 3 used for refining the spray fluid 2 flowing down through the spray fluid flow paths 4, 5 are described above. The spray fluid channels 4 and 5 are disposed independently.

  The spray medium 3 supplied through the spray fluid channels 6 and 7 communicates with the spray fluid channels 4 and 5 provided on the outer surface of the structure 16, respectively. The spray fluid 2 flowing through the spray fluid channels 4 and 5 and the spray medium 3 flowing through the spray fluid channels 6 and 7 merge at the first junction 91 in the spray fluid channels 4 and 5. The mixed fluid 8 is mixed and flows down toward the downstream side of the spray fluid flow paths 4 and 5.

  The spray fluid flow paths 4 and 5 communicate with the mixed fluid flow paths 9 and 10 disposed on the downstream side of the sprayed fluid flow paths 4 and 5 so as to face the outer surface of the structure 16 on the inner peripheral side of the partition wall 15.

  The mixed fluid 8 of the spray fluid 2 and the spray medium 3 further flows down through the spray fluid flow paths 4 and 5 and the mixed fluid flow paths 9 and 10, but flows through the mixed fluid flow path 9 that is disposed to face the mixed fluid 8. The mixed fluid 8 and the mixed fluid 8 flowing through the mixed fluid flow path 10 arranged to face each other flow so as to face each other and collide with each other at the second junction 92.

  The mixed fluid 8 that has flowed down through the mixed fluid flow paths 9 and 10 arranged to face each other is formed at the tip of the spray nozzle 1 and in the vicinity of the outlet hole 11 that communicates with the mixed fluid flow paths 9 and 10. The mixed fluid 8 is externally fan-shaped from the outlet hole 11 formed in the partition wall 15 which collides with each other at the second merging portion 92 and becomes the tip of the spray nozzle 1 facing the second merging portion 92. The spray is formed and sprayed.

  In this case, the mixed fluid flow passages 9 and 10 are formed with bent portions 13 and 14 on the upstream side of the mixed fluid flow passages 9 and 10 communicating with the spray fluid flow passages 4 and 5, respectively. Is changed 90 degrees to promote atomization of the mixed fluid 8 by mixing the spray fluid 2 and the spray medium 3 in the mixed fluid channels 9 and 10.

  In the spray nozzle 1 of the present embodiment, the mixed fluid flow paths 9, 10 are formed on the wall surface of the structure 16 facing the second joining portion 92 that is opposite to the ejection side of the outlet hole 11 that sprays the mixed fluid 8 to the outside. Protruding portions 16a projecting into the mixed fluid flow paths 9 and 10 that become obstacles are provided so as to be integrated with the structure 16, and the mixed fluid flow paths 9 facing the second joining portion 92, 10, the flow path cross section of the mixed fluid flow path 9, 10 facing the second merge section 92 is the flow path of the mixed fluid flow path 9, 10 on the upstream side of the second merge section 92. A contracted flow portion 17 that is narrower than the cross-sectional area is formed.

  The contracted flow portion 17 has a flow channel cross-sectional area of the mixed fluid flow channel 9 and the mixed fluid flow channel 9 and 10 facing the second merged portion 92 of the mixed fluid flow channel 9 and 10. It is also possible to define that a contracted flow portion 17 that is narrower than the end portion in the flow channel width direction is formed at the central portion in the flow channel width direction of the mixed fluid flow channel 9 or 10 in a cross section perpendicular to the direction. it can.

  Provided in the partition wall 15 facing the second merge section 92 as means for forming the contracted section 17 in which the cross-sectional area of the mixed fluid channels 9, 10 facing the second merge section 92 becomes narrower. Further, a convex portion projecting into the mixed fluid flow path 9, 10 serving as an obstacle to the mixed fluid 8 flowing in the mixed fluid flow path 9, 10 on the wall surface of the structure 16 opposite to the outlet hole 11. 16a is provided.

  A projecting portion 16a that is a projecting portion projecting into the mixed fluid flow path 9 and 10 forming the contracted portion 17 is detachably installed on the wall surface of the structure 16 facing the second joining portion 92. It is configured to be replaceable.

  Then, the mixed fluid 8 flowing down through the mixed fluid flow paths 9 and 10 arranged opposite to each other collides with each other at the second junction 92 in the vicinity of the outlet hole 11 to form an outlet hole formed at the tip of the spray nozzle 1. By spraying from 11 to the outside, the atomized mixed fluid 8 is perpendicular to the flow direction of the mixed fluid channels 9 and 10 (the direction in which the mixed fluid channels 9 and 10 are disposed) (FIG. 3). 2 in the direction of line B-B), and the fan-shaped spray shown in FIG.

A groove portion 12 is formed in the partition wall 15 at the tip of the spray nozzle 1 in which the outlet hole 11 of the spray nozzle 1 for spraying the mixed fluid 8 to the outside is formed in the same direction as the fan-shaped spray formation direction.
The groove portion 12 is provided in a direction perpendicular to the flow direction of the mixed fluid 8 flowing down to the second merging portion 92 through the mixed fluid flow paths 9 and 10 arranged to face each other, and the groove portion 12 and the mixed fluid flow The intersection with the passages 9 and 10 is configured to be an outlet hole 11 for spraying the mixed fluid 8 to the outside.

  In the spray nozzle 1 of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the tip of the spray nozzle 1 has a structure in which an outer partition wall 15 and a structure 16 inside the partition wall 15 are combined.

  By combining the outer partition wall 15 constituting the spray nozzle 1 and the inner structure 16 having the fluid flow path and the spray medium flow path, it is possible to easily process the fluid flow path and the like. is there.

  In the spray nozzle 1 of the present embodiment, the mixed fluid 8 ejected from the outlet hole 11 formed at the tip of the spray nozzle 1 promotes atomization of the spray fluid mainly by the following three actions.

  (1) The flow path of the spray fluid and the spray medium merges, and the mixed fluid is atomized by mixing them.

(2) Atomization of the mixed fluid by mixing of the spray fluid and the spray medium in the flow channel due to the bending of the mixed fluid flow channel after the merge (3) The mixed fluid flowing oppositely collides in the vicinity of the outlet hole Atomization of mixed fluid.

  Among these, the mixed fluid 8 ejected from the outlet hole 11 due to the collision (3) is along the line BB in FIG. 3 orthogonal to the flow direction before the collision indicated by the line AA in FIG. 3. The fan-shaped spray shown in FIG.

  Since the mixed fluid 8 ejected from the outlet hole 11 of the spray nozzle 1 of this embodiment forms the fan-shaped spray shown in FIG. 2, the spray nozzle as described above is generally called a fan spray spray nozzle.

  The spray generated by the fan spray type spray nozzle generally has a large flow rate in the fan-shaped spray central portion 18 and a small flow rate in the fan-shaped spray outer edge portion 19 that is a peripheral portion of the fan-shaped spray central portion 18.

  Further, according to the measurement by the inventor, the particle size of the spray is relatively large at the fan-shaped spray central portion 18 and is small at the fan-shaped spray outer edge portion 19.

  In the fan-shaped spray outer edge portion 19, the spray easily spreads and a thin liquid film is formed, so that the number of fine particles (diameter less than 100 μm) increases. Further, since the momentum is low, the fine particles tend to stay in the vicinity of the spray nozzle 1.

  Particles that are atomized to a diameter of less than 100 μm, preferably 50 μm or less (hereinafter referred to as “fine particles”) have a large surface area in the volume, and are easily heated by heat radiation from the furnace, which is a combustion device, and easily burned.

  For this reason, by making these fine particles stay in the vicinity of the spray nozzle 1, the ignition of the spray is accelerated, contributing to stabilization of the flame and promotion of the combustion reaction.

  The degree of atomization can be adjusted by the pressure of the mixed fluid 8 and the amount of the spray medium (ratio of the spray medium 3 to the spray fluid 2).

  On the other hand, the fan-shaped spray central portion 18 has a larger flow rate than the fan-shaped spray outer edge portion 19 and the spray is difficult to spread, so that a thick liquid film is formed as compared with the outer edge portion. For this reason, there are many large particles (diameter 100-300 micrometers).

  Large particles have a higher momentum than fine particles and are easy to mix with combustion air flowing in a distant position, but the combustion reaction is delayed as compared with fine particles.

  In order to promote the combustion reaction, it is desirable to reduce the flow rate of the fan-shaped spray central portion 18 to reduce the spray particle size. For this reason, it is desirable to increase the impact of the above (3) by increasing the collision speed of the mixed fluid 8.

  By the way, if the cross-sectional area of the mixed fluid channels 9 and 10 is uniformly narrowed to increase the collision speed, the flow rate of the mixed fluid 8 increases, but the pressure loss increases, and the spray fluid 2 and the spray medium There is a problem that the energy required for pressurization of 3 increases.

  Therefore, in the spray nozzle 1 of the present embodiment, in the flow path configuration installed on the inner wall of the outer partition wall 15 constituting the spray nozzle 1 and the outer surface of the structure 16 installed inside the partition wall 15, FIG. As shown in FIG. 3, the second merging portion of the cross sections of the mixed fluid flow paths 9 and 10 disposed opposite to each other in the vicinity of the outlet hole 11 so that the mixed fluid 8 collides with each other. The mixed fluid flow paths 9 and 10 facing 92 are projected into the mixed fluid flow paths 9 and 10 on the wall surface of the structure 16 on the opposite side to the ejection side of the outlet hole 11 at the center in the flow path width direction. The convex portion 16 a is provided so as to be integrated with the structure 16 so as to form the contracted flow portion 17 in which the cross-sectional area of the mixed fluid flow passages 9 and 10 is narrowed.

  That is, in the spray nozzle 1 of the present embodiment, the above-described problems are solved by providing the following two configurations (A) and (B).

  (A) The channel cross-sectional area of the mixed fluid channels 9 and 10 is narrowed only in the vicinity of the outlet hole 11.

  (B) The channel cross-sectional area of the mixed fluid channels 9 and 10 particularly narrows the central portion in the channel width direction.

  In the spray nozzle 1 of the present embodiment, by adopting the configuration (A), the flow rate of the mixed fluid 8 is high in the vicinity of the outlet hole 11 of the spray nozzle 1, but the high flow rate portion is in the mixed fluid channel 9. Compared with the case where the cross-sectional area of 10 channels is uniformly narrowed. For this reason, an increase in pressure loss can be suppressed.

  Further, as the flow velocity changes and rises, the static pressure of the mixed fluid 8 decreases at the contracted portion 17 of the channel cross-sectional area formed in the mixed fluid channels 9 and 10. At this time, the atomizing medium 3 in the mixed fluid 8 is a gas, and the volume increases as the static pressure decreases. When the volume increases, the spray fluid 2 (liquid) is divided and atomized, so that the atomization of the mixed fluid 8 proceeds.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 1, the convex part 16a which protruded in the mixed fluid flow path 9 and 10 is united with the structure 16 on the wall surface of the structure 16 on the ejection side and the opposite side of the exit hole 11. The constricted flow portion 17 that is provided and narrows the flow passage cross-sectional area formed in the mixed fluid flow passages 9 and 10 has a shape of the convex portion 16a, for example, a curved shape so that the flow passage cross-sectional area changes smoothly. It is desirable to do.

  By forming the convex portion 16a into a curved shape so that the contracted flow portion 17 formed in the mixed fluid flow passages 9 and 10 smoothly changes the cross-sectional area of the flow passage, the mixed fluid flow passages 9 and 10 are formed. The increase in pressure loss can be reduced as compared with the case where the flow path cross-sectional area is changed stepwise.

  Moreover, atomization of the mixed fluid 8 is accelerated | stimulated by reducing the static pressure in the part which the cross-sectional area of the mixed fluid flow paths 9 and 10 narrowed.

  In the spray nozzle 1 of the present embodiment, by using the configuration of (B), mixing that flows through the central portion of the mixed fluid flow paths 9 and 10 in the flow path width direction in the vicinity of the outlet hole 11 of the spray nozzle 1. The flow rate of the fluid 8 decreases, and the flow rate of the mixed fluid 8 flowing through the ends of the mixed fluid channels 9 and 10 in the channel width direction increases.

  After the mixed fluid 8 collides with each other at the second merging portion 92 of the mixed fluid flow paths 9 and 10 in the vicinity of the outlet hole 11, the mixed fluid 8 is perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the mixed fluid flow paths 9 and 10 from the outlet hole 11 ( A fan-shaped spray shown in FIG. 2 is formed in the direction of the line BB in FIG. 3 and ejected to the outside of the spray nozzle 1.

  At this time, the mixed fluid 8 flowing through the ends of the mixed fluid channels 9 and 10 in the channel width direction is restricted in the flow direction by the mixed fluid 8 flowing through the center in the channel width direction. 3 (in the direction of line B-B) and easily flows through the fan-shaped spray outer edge 19 shown in FIG.

  Therefore, in the spray nozzle 1 of the present embodiment, the mixed fluid 8 flowing through the end portions in the flow channel width direction of the mixed fluid flow channels 9 and 10 increases in the vicinity of the outlet hole 11, and thus is ejected from the outlet hole 11 of the spray nozzle 1. The flow rate of the mixed fluid 8 flowing through the fan-shaped spray outer edge portion 19 increases, and the flow rate flowing through the fan-shaped spray center portion 18 decreases.

  For this reason, a liquid film becomes thin in the fan-shaped spray central part 18, and the particle diameter of the spray formed by separating the liquid film due to surface tension or the like is also reduced. As a result, the atomization performance of the fan-shaped spray central portion 18 is improved.

  FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing an example of atomization performance of the spray nozzle according to the first embodiment of the present invention. The vertical axis in the figure represents the average particle diameter of the spray, and the horizontal axis represents the angle of spray. The average particle diameter of the spray is about the fan spray sprayed from the outlet hole 11 and the spray particles in the long side direction (direction of line BB in FIG. 3) passing through the central axis of the fan spray at a position 300 mm downstream of the spray. The diameter is measured by optical measurement, and is represented by the body area average particle diameter. Here, the distribution of the particle size at the spray nozzle of the present embodiment is presented as a relative value with the body area average particle size at the spray nozzle of the comparative example as a reference.

  As shown in FIG. 4, in the spray nozzle of the comparative example, the central part of the spray has a larger average particle diameter than the outer peripheral part of the spray.

  On the other hand, in the case of the spray nozzle of the present embodiment, the average particle size of the central part of the spray can be made smaller than that by the spray nozzle of the comparative example.

  On the other hand, in the case of the spray nozzle of the present embodiment, the particle diameter is slightly increased at the outer edge of the spray. However, since the central part of the spray in which the average particle diameter is large in the spray nozzle of the comparative example can be reduced in the case of the spray nozzle of the present embodiment, the overall atomization performance of the mixed fluid 8 is reduced. Will improve.

  In the spray nozzle 1 of the present embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the cross-sectional area of the mixed fluid flow paths 9 and 10 is the ejection side of the outlet hole 11 in order to form a contracted portion 17 in which the cross-section of the flow path narrows. A protruding convex portion 16a serving as an obstacle is provided inside the mixed fluid flow path 9, 10 on the wall surface at the tip of the structure 16 on the opposite side. It is also possible to change the depth of the groove that forms the flow path of the mixed fluid flow paths 9 and 10 to form the contracted flow portion 17 that narrows the cross section of the flow path.

  In addition, when installing the said convex-shaped part 16a used as an obstruction on the wall surface of the front-end | tip of the structure 16, it is desirable to attach with fasteners, such as a screw and a pin.

  Then, when wear occurs in the convex portion 16a in the mixed fluid flow path 9, 10 at the high flow velocity portion, only the portion of the convex portion 16a as a target needs to be replaced.

  In addition, if the convex-shaped part 16a used as an obstruction is formed with an abrasion-resistant material, in addition to increasing the service life, the application portion of the abrasion-resistant material is more than in the case where the entire mixed fluid channels 9 and 10 are formed with an abrasion-resistant material. It can be reduced and it is advantageous in terms of cost.

  Although wear-resistant materials generally have higher wear resistance than other materials, they often have low heat resistance and resistance to thermal deformation. Therefore, if the convex portion 16a is formed of a wear-resistant material, the application portion of the wear-resistant material can be reduced, and the amount of displacement due to thermal deformation is small, so that heat resistance and resistance to thermal deformation are improved. For this reason, compared with the case where the whole mixed fluid flow path 9 and 10 of the spray nozzle 1 is used as an abrasion resistant material, the service life is increased.

  Further, in the spray nozzle 1 of the present embodiment, the case where the outlet hole 11 is single is shown. However, even when a plurality of outlet holes 11 are provided, the mixing fluid 8 is caused to flow down to the spray nozzle 1 of the present embodiment. The flow path cross-sectional area of the fluid flow paths 9 and 10 is in the vicinity of the outlet hole 11 facing the second junction 92, and the flow path cross-sectional area of the mixed fluid flow paths 9 and 10 in the center in the flow path width direction is A narrowed contraction portion 17 is formed, that is, as shown by a broken line in FIG. 3, the cross-sectional area of the central portion in the width direction of the mixed fluid channels 9 and 10 is the channel of the mixed fluid channels 9 and 10. By forming the constricted flow portion 17 whose flow passage cross-sectional area is narrower than the flow passage cross-sectional area at the end in the width direction, the atomization effect of atomizing the mixed fluid 8 to be sprayed is obtained.

  Further, by increasing the number of outlet holes 11 of the spray nozzle 1, so-called porosity, the amount of the mixed fluid 8 sprayed from one outlet hole 11 is not increased, and the mixed fluid 8 sprayed from the spray nozzle 1 is ejected. The amount can be increased. That is, it is possible to increase the capacity of the spray nozzle 1 while maintaining the atomization performance by making the outlet hole 11 porous.

  According to the above-described spray nozzle 1 of the present embodiment, the cross-sectional area of the mixed fluid channels 9 and 10 for flowing down the mixed fluid 8 in which the spray fluid 2 and the spray medium 3 are mixed is the second junction 92. The flow velocity of the mixed fluid 8 is accelerated in the vicinity of the outlet hole 11 by forming the contracted flow portion 17 so as to be narrowed by the mixed fluid flow paths 9 and 10 in the vicinity of the outlet hole 11 facing the surface.

  Then, the accelerated flow of the mixed fluid 8 collides with the second confluence portion 92 formed in the mixed fluid flow paths 9 and 10 as an opposed flow in the vicinity of the outlet hole 11, and the outside of the spray nozzle 1 from the outlet hole 11. By spraying and spraying, the spray of the mixed fluid 8 ejected from the outlet hole 11 due to the collision of the flow of the opposed mixed fluid 8 is formed from the thin liquid film having a thin fan-shaped liquid film. The particle size of the spray is reduced.

  Since the cross-sectional area of the mixed fluid channels 9 and 10 is narrowed only at the contracted portion 17 in the vicinity of the outlet hole 11, the mixed fluid channels 9 and 10 are secured while ensuring the flow velocity necessary for the collision of the mixed fluid 8. The pressure loss of the mixed fluid 8 flowing through the can be reduced.

  Further, the flow velocity of the mixed fluid 8 flowing down the mixed fluid flow paths 9 and 10 rises in the vicinity of the outlet hole 11 facing the second merge portion 92, so that the spray fluid 2 and the spray fluid forming the mixed fluid 8 are sprayed. Mixing of the medium 3 is promoted, and atomization of the mixed fluid 8 due to the promotion of mixing is promoted.

  Furthermore, when the cross-sectional area of the mixed fluid channels 9 and 10 is narrowed at the contracted portion 17 in the vicinity of the outlet hole 11 facing the second junction 92, the channels of the mixed fluid channels 9 and 10 are reduced. By forming the cross-sectional area of the channel only in the central portion in the width direction so as to be narrower than the cross-sectional area of the end portion in the width direction of the channel that is the peripheral portion, the mixed fluid 8 is mixed fluid channel The flow rate flowing through the center portion in the channel width direction of 9 and 10 decreases, and the flow rate flowing through the ends of the mixed fluid channels 9 and 10 in the channel width direction increases.

  As a result, the mixed fluid 8 collides with the second joining portion 92 of the mixed fluid flow paths 9 and 10 in the vicinity of the outlet hole 11 and sprays the mixed fluid 8 sprayed from the outlet hole 11 to the outside of the spray nozzle 1. The thickness of the liquid film of a certain fan-type spray is reduced at the spray central part 18 of the fan-type spray shown in FIG. 2, and the particle size of the spray is reduced.

  Further, the flow rate of the fan spray decreases at the spray central portion 18 of the fan spray. On the other hand, the flow rate increases at the outer edge 19 of the fan-shaped spray that is the peripheral portion of the spray central portion 18 of the fan-shaped spray, but the outer edge of the fan-type spray is larger than the flow rate of the fan-spray central portion 18. The flow rate of 19 is equal to or less than that, and the outer peripheral portion 19 of the fan-type spray is more easily mixed with the surrounding gas than the central portion 18 of the fan-type spray. For this reason, the particle diameter of spraying hardly changes.

  In the spray nozzle 1 of this embodiment, the flow rate decreases at the spray spray central portion 18 and increases at the spray outer edge portion 19. The particle diameter becomes smaller at the spray central portion 18 of the fan-type spray, and the spray outer edge portion 19 hardly changes. For this reason, the particle diameter of the spray becomes small as a whole by combining the spray central portion 18 and the spray outer edge portion 19 of the fan-shaped spray.

  That is, by using the spray nozzle of this embodiment, atomization can be promoted with the same amount of spray medium used. In addition, the amount of spray medium used to obtain atomization performance can be suppressed, or the pressure applied to the spray fluid or spray medium can be reduced.

  Furthermore, in the spray nozzle of the present embodiment, the flow rate of the spray central portion 18 of the fan-type spray is reduced, so that the spray is evenly spread in the space and mixing with the combustion air proceeds.

  By promoting the mixing of atomization and combustion air, the combustion reaction proceeds and unburned matter, dust and carbon monoxide at the outlet of the combustion apparatus are reduced, and combustion efficiency can be increased. Moreover, by accelerating the combustion reaction, consumption of oxygen progresses and generation of nitrogen oxides can be suppressed. Furthermore, the amount of unburned matter, soot, and carbon monoxide can be reduced, so that excess air that is put into the combustion apparatus can be reduced.

  When excess air is reduced, the amount of combustion exhaust gas is also reduced, and the sensible heat released to the outside of the combustion apparatus together with the combustion exhaust gas is reduced, so that the thermal efficiency can be increased.

  In the combustion apparatus using the spray nozzle of this embodiment, the energy consumption used for each supply and pressurization can be reduced by suppressing the amount of spray medium used and reducing the pressure.

  In addition, when steam is used as the spraying medium, the thermal efficiency of the combustion apparatus due to the steam introduced into the combustion apparatus is reduced. However, when the spray nozzle of this embodiment is used, atomization is achieved even if the amount of steam used is reduced. Therefore, it is possible to prevent a decrease in thermal efficiency.

  According to the present embodiment, the atomization of the central part of the spray in which the particle diameter of the spray fluid is relatively large is promoted to promote atomization of the entire spray fluid, and the use of the spray medium used for atomization of the spray fluid It is possible to realize a spray nozzle in which the combustion efficiency is improved by simultaneously reducing the amount or the pressure.

  The structure of the spray nozzle according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

  The spray nozzle 61 of the present embodiment shown in FIGS. 5 to 7 has the same basic configuration as the spray nozzle 1 of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. The description of the configuration is omitted.

  5 to 7 show the tip of the spray nozzle 61 of this embodiment, and FIG. 5 shows that the upstream side refines the spray fluid 2 (liquid fuel) supply system (not shown) and the spray fluid 2. FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the tip of the spray nozzle 1 connected to a supply system (not shown) of a spray medium 3 (steam or compressed air) used for the purpose, and shows a cross-sectional view in the direction of AA in FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the tip of the spray nozzle 1 as seen from a different direction from the tip of the spray nozzle 1 of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 7, and shows a cross-sectional view in the BB direction of FIG. FIG. 7 is a plan view of the tip of the spray nozzle 1 of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 5 as viewed from the outlet hole. The X direction indicates the direction of spraying from the spray nozzle 1.

  The spray nozzle 61 of this embodiment shown in FIGS. 5 to 7 is a fan spray type spray nozzle having basically the same configuration as the spray nozzle 1 of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. .

  The spray nozzle 61 of the present embodiment has a flow path configuration common to the spray nozzle 1 of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 described above, and the flow of the mixed fluid flow paths 9 and 10 disposed facing each other. The constricted portion 17 is configured such that the road cross-sectional area narrows in the vicinity of the outlet hole 11 serving as the second confluence portion 92.

  In the spray nozzle 61 of the present embodiment, the flow contracting portion 17 that narrows the cross-sectional area of the mixed fluid flow passages 9 and 10 only in the vicinity of the outlet hole 11 facing the second confluence portion 92 is shown in FIG. As described above, the flow velocity of the mixed fluid 8 is increased in the vicinity of the outlet hole 11 by forming not only the central portion in the flow passage width direction but also the entire flow passage width direction including the end portion in the flow passage width direction. Become.

  On the other hand, the high flow rate portion is smaller than the case where the cross-sectional area of the mixed fluid flow paths 9 and 10 is uniformly narrowed. For this reason, an increase in pressure loss can be suppressed.

  Further, the flow rate of the mixed fluid 8 flowing down the mixed fluid flow paths 9 and 10 changes and rises, so that the static pressure of the mixed fluid 8 decreases in the vicinity of the contracted portion 17. At this time, the atomizing medium 3 in the mixed fluid 8 is a gas, and the volume increases as the static pressure decreases.

  When the volume increases, the spray fluid 2 (liquid) is divided and atomized, so that atomization of the mixed fluid 8 is promoted.

  In addition, as shown in FIG. 7, in the vicinity of the outlet hole 11 facing the second joining portion 92 of the mixed fluid flow paths 9 and 10, The curved convex portion 16b is provided so as to protrude into the mixed fluid channels 9 and 10 to form the contracted portion 17 that narrows the cross-sectional area of the mixed fluid channels 9 and 10. However, the convex portion 16b has a structure attached to the structure 16 as a separate body from the structure 16, and the convex portion 16b is replaceable.

  By forming the convex portion 16b in a curved shape so that the contracted flow portion 17 smoothly changes the flow path cross-sectional area of the mixed fluid flow paths 9, 10, the cross-sectional area of the mixed fluid flow paths 9, 10 The increase in pressure loss can be reduced compared with the case where the pressure is changed stepwise.

  Moreover, atomization of the mixed fluid 8 is accelerated | stimulated by reducing the static pressure in the part which the cross-sectional area of the mixed fluid flow paths 9 and 10 narrowed.

  In the spray nozzle 61 of this embodiment shown in FIGS. 5 to 7, on the wall surface of the structure 16 facing the second joining portion 92 on the opposite side to the ejection side of the outlet hole 11 for spraying the mixed fluid 8 to the outside. Curved convex portions 16b protruding into the mixed fluid channels 9 and 10 are provided to form a contracted portion 17 in which the cross section of the mixed fluid channels 9 and 10 is narrowed.

  When the curved convex portion 16 b is provided on the wall surface of the structure 16 on the side opposite to the outlet hole 11 on the ejection side in this way, the mixed fluid 8 that flows through the mixed fluid flow paths 9 and 10 in the vicinity of the outlet hole 11. Is induced to flow toward the ejection direction (X direction in FIG. 5).

  Therefore, the spray of the mixed fluid 8 has a high velocity component in the ejection direction (X direction) while colliding at a high speed, and the flow velocity of the spray particles of the mixed fluid 8 sprayed from the spray nozzle 61 is increased, and the high speed and Particles having a small particle size can be sprayed.

  Then, the mixed fluid 8 that has flowed down the mixed fluid flow paths 9 and 10 that are opposed to each other by the spray nozzle 61 of the present embodiment collides with each other at the second junction 92 in the vicinity of the outlet hole 11 and spray nozzle 61. The mixed fluid 8 atomized by being sprayed to the outside from the outlet hole 11 formed at the tip of the fluid flow direction of the mixed fluid channels 9 and 10 (direction in which the mixed fluid channels 9 and 10 are disposed) The fan-shaped spray shown in FIG. 8 that is perpendicular to the direction (the direction of line BB in FIG. 7) is formed and ejected to the outside.

  A groove portion 12 is formed in the partition wall 15 at the tip of the spray nozzle 61 serving as the outlet hole 11 of the spray nozzle 61 that sprays the mixed fluid 8 to the outside in the same direction as the fan spray formation direction. And the mixed fluid passages 9 and 10 become outlet holes 11 for spraying the mixed fluid 8 to the outside.

  Moreover, when installing the convex-shaped part 16b used as an obstruction on the wall surface of the front-end | tip of the structure 16, it is desirable to attach with fastening objects, such as a screw and a pin.

  When wear occurs in the convex portions 16b in the mixed fluid flow paths 9, 10 at the high flow velocity portion, only the portion of the convex portion 16b that is the object needs to be replaced.

  In addition, if the convex part 16b is made of an abrasion resistant material, the service life is increased, and compared with the case where the mixed fluid flow paths 9 and 10 are entirely made of an abrasion resistant material, the applied portion of the abrasion resistant material can be reduced and the cost can be reduced. Is an advantage.

  Although wear-resistant materials generally have higher wear resistance than other materials, they often have low heat resistance and resistance to thermal deformation. Therefore, if the convex portion 16b is formed of a wear-resistant material, the application portion of the wear-resistant material can be reduced, and the heat resistance and the resistance to heat deformation are improved due to the small amount of displacement due to thermal deformation. For this reason, compared with the case where the whole mixed fluid flow path 9 and 10 of the spray nozzle 1 is used as an abrasion resistant material, the service life is increased.

  In the spray nozzle 61 of the present embodiment, the flow path cross-sectional area of the mixed fluid flow paths 9 and 10 is a structure 16 that is opposite to the ejection side of the outlet hole 11 in order to form the contracted portion 17 in which the cross section of the flow path is narrowed. A curved convex portion 16b protruding so as to become an obstacle is provided inside the mixed fluid flow passages 9, 10 on the wall surface at the tip of the fluid. Instead of installing the convex portion 16b, the mixed fluid flow is provided. It is also possible to change the depth of the groove that forms the flow path of the paths 9 and 10 to form the contracted portion 17 in which the cross section of the flow path is narrowed.

  Further, in the spray nozzle 61 of the present embodiment, the convex portion 16b serving as an obstacle is provided on the front surface of the wall surface on the tip side of the structure 16 on the side opposite to the ejection holes 11 of the mixed fluid flow paths 9, 10, A curved convex portion 16b that protrudes so as to be an obstacle inside the mixed fluid flow path 9, 10 may be provided on the wall surface on the front end side of the structure 16 instead of the front surface on the front wall side of the structure 16. Since the channel cross-sectional area of the mixed fluid channels 9 and 10 is narrowed, the above-described effects can be obtained.

  If the spray nozzle 61 of the present embodiment is employed, the energy consumption used for each supply and pressurization can be reduced by suppressing the amount of spray medium used and reducing the pressure. In addition, when steam is used as the spraying medium, the thermal efficiency of the combustion apparatus due to the steam introduced into the combustion apparatus is reduced. However, when the spray nozzle of this embodiment is used, atomization is achieved even if the amount of steam used is reduced. Therefore, it is possible to prevent a decrease in thermal efficiency.

  In addition, in the spray nozzle 61 of the present embodiment, the case where the outlet hole 11 for spraying the mixed fluid 8 to the outside of the spray nozzle 61 is single is shown. In the spray nozzle 61, a curved convex portion protruding into the mixed fluid flow path 9, 10 on the wall surface of the structure 16 facing the second junction 92 of the mixed fluid flow path 9, 10 near the outlet hole 11. As shown in FIG. 5 to FIG. 7, the mixed fluid 8 is atomized by providing a contracted portion 17 whose cross section is narrowed over the entire width direction of the mixed fluid channels 9, 10. The effect is obtained.

  Further, by increasing the number of outlet holes 11 of the spray nozzle 61, so-called porosity, the amount of the mixed fluid 8 sprayed from the spray nozzle 1 is increased without increasing the amount of the mixed fluid 8 sprayed from one outlet hole 11. Can be increased. That is, it is possible to increase the capacity of the spray nozzle 1 while maintaining the atomization performance by making the outlet hole 11 porous.

  According to the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, atomization of the spray spray central portion 18 and the central portion 18 of the fan-type spray in which the particle size of the spray fluid is relatively large is promoted, and the atomization of the entire spray fluid is performed. It is possible to realize a spray nozzle that improves combustion efficiency by achieving both the promotion of the above and the reduction of the amount of spray medium used for atomization of the spray fluid or the reduction of the applied pressure.

  Next, a burner provided with the spray nozzle according to the third embodiment of the present invention provided with the spray nozzle 1 of the second embodiment of the present invention or the spray nozzle 61 of the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.

  The spray nozzles 1 and 61 used in the burner provided with the spray nozzle of this embodiment shown in FIG. 8 are shown in the spray nozzle 1 of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 and FIGS. Therefore, the description of the configuration common to the spray nozzles 1 and 61 of both embodiments is omitted.

  FIG. 8 shows an example of a burner provided with the spray nozzle of this embodiment. In the burner 20 provided with the spray nozzle 1 or 61 of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 8, in the burner 20 of the present embodiment, the spray fluid shown in FIGS. The spray nozzle 1 for spraying the mixed fluid 8 with the spray medium or the spray nozzle 61 for spraying the mixed fluid 8 with the spray fluid and the spray medium shown in FIGS. An obstacle 22 for stabilizing the flame is provided nearby.

  The obstacle 22 provided on the central shaft 21 is generally a swirl blade for generating swirl flow, a baffle plate having a slit, or the like. From the spray nozzle 1 or 61, the mixed fluid 8 obtained by mixing the spray fluid 2 and the spray medium 3 is sprayed, and the spray nozzles 1 or 61 of the first and second embodiments shown in FIGS. As in the case of, a fan-shaped spray 23 is formed.

  The combustion air of the burner 20 is supplied from the wind box 24 in three flow paths. The primary flow path 25, the secondary flow path 26, and the tertiary flow path 27 are arranged from the center near the spray nozzle 1. The primary air 25, the secondary air 29, and the tertiary air 30 are supplied from the primary flow channel 25, the secondary flow channel 26, and the tertiary flow channel 27, respectively, and are ejected into the furnace 31.

  These combustion air flows between the swirl flow generators 32 and 33 installed in the secondary flow path 26 and the tertiary flow path 27 of the wind box 24, and between the secondary flow path 26 and the tertiary flow path 27. The guide plate 34 installed on the outlet side changes the jet direction of the combustion air and supplies it to the furnace 31 to suppress the generation of dust and NOx.

  The flow rate of the combustion air is controlled by dampers (not shown) provided in the flow paths 15, 26, and 27, respectively.

  The burner 20 is installed on the furnace wall 35 of the furnace 31, and a heat transfer tube 36 is provided on the furnace wall 35 to recover heat.

  The combustion air supplied to the burner 20 provided with the spray nozzle 1 or 61 of this embodiment is a combustion air supply as shown in a combustion apparatus having a burner according to a fourth embodiment of FIG. The system 41 is branched into pipes 45 and 46, and is supplied by being jetted into the furnace 31 from the burner 20 and the air supply port 44, respectively. The combustion air is divided into the burner 20 and the air supply port 44 and supplied into the furnace 31, thereby reducing the temperature of the flame formed by the burner 20.

  Further, by burning in the furnace 31 in the vicinity of the burner 20 due to air shortage, a part of nitrogen contained in the fuel is generated as a reducing agent, and a reaction occurs in which NOx generated by the combustion is reduced to nitrogen. For this reason, the NOx concentration at the outlet of the furnace 31 can be reduced as compared with the case where all the combustion air is supplied from the burner 20.

  Further, the remaining combustion air is supplied from the air supply port 44 into the furnace 31 to completely burn the fuel, thereby reducing the unburned amount. The combustion gas 47 mixed with the combustion air supplied from the air supply port 44 is heat-exchanged by the heat exchanger 48 at the upper part of the furnace 31, passes through the flue 49, and is discharged from the chimney 50 to the atmosphere.

  The spray nozzle 1 provided in the burner 20 of the present embodiment is the spray nozzle 1 of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 or the spray nozzle 61 of the second embodiment shown in FIGS. Because it is used, the atomized fluid that is fuel liquid is atomized and the surface area per unit weight of the liquid fuel increases, so the combustion reaction proceeds, reducing unburned matter, dust and carbon monoxide at the outlet of the combustion device In addition, the combustion efficiency of the combustion device can be increased.

  Moreover, by accelerating the combustion reaction, consumption of oxygen progresses and generation of nitrogen oxides can be suppressed. Furthermore, the amount of unburned matter, soot, and carbon monoxide can be reduced, so that excess air that is put into the combustion apparatus can be reduced.

  By reducing the excess air, the amount of combustion exhaust gas is also reduced, and the sensible heat released to the outside of the combustion apparatus together with the combustion exhaust gas is reduced, so that the thermal efficiency of the combustion apparatus can be increased.

  In the burner 20 provided with the spray nozzle of the present embodiment, the energy consumption used for the supply of the spray medium and the pressurizing force can be reduced by suppressing the use amount of the spray medium supplied to the burner 20 and reducing the pressure. .

  In addition, when steam is used as a spraying medium, the thermal efficiency of the combustion device due to the steam introduced into the combustion device is reduced. However, when the spray nozzle of the present invention is used, atomization can be achieved even if the amount of steam used is reduced. Since it can be maintained at the same level as before, it is possible to prevent a decrease in thermal efficiency.

  Moreover, in the burner 20 provided with the spray nozzle of the present embodiment, the case where liquid fuel is used as the fuel is shown. However, when solid fuel such as pulverized coal is used as the main fuel and liquid fuel is used as the auxiliary fuel. Is also applicable. In this case, the above-described effect can be obtained when the liquid fuel is sprayed from the spray nozzle 1 or 61 into the furnace.

  According to the present embodiment, the atomization of the central part of the spray in which the particle diameter of the spray fluid is relatively large is promoted to promote atomization of the entire spray fluid, and the use of the spray medium used for atomization of the spray fluid A burner equipped with a spray nozzle that improves the combustion efficiency by reducing both the amount and the applied pressure can be realized.

  Next, a combustion apparatus equipped with a burner according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

  The spray nozzle 1 or 61 used in the combustion apparatus 60 provided with the burner 20 of this embodiment shown in FIG. 9 is the spray nozzle 1 of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 or FIGS. Since the burner 20 provided with the spray nozzle 1 or 61 is the same as the burner 20 of the second embodiment shown in FIG. The description of the configuration common to the embodiments is omitted.

  FIG. 9 shows an example of a combustion apparatus provided with the burner of the present embodiment. In the combustion apparatus 60 provided with the burner 20 of this embodiment shown in FIG. 9, in the combustion apparatus 60 of this embodiment, the burner 20 provided with the spray nozzle 1 or 61 is the furnace wall of the furnace 31 as shown in FIG. A plurality are installed in 35.

  A combustion air supply system 41, a liquid fuel supply system 42, and a spray medium supply system 43 are connected to the burner 20 provided with the spray nozzle 1 or 61, respectively.

  Further, in the case where solid fuel is supplied to the burner 20 as fuel, a solid fuel supply system (not shown) is further arranged.

  The burner 20 installed in the combustion apparatus 60 provided with the burner 20 of the present embodiment is the spray nozzle 1 of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 or the second embodiment shown in FIGS. A spray nozzle 61 is provided. From a combustion air supply system 41 for supplying combustion air to the burner 20, a pipe 45 connected to the burner 20 and a furnace wall of the furnace 31 on the downstream side of the burner 20. A pipe 46 connected to an air supply port 44 provided at 35 is branched.

  The pipe 45 and the pipe 46 branched from the combustion air supply system 41 are provided with a flow rate adjusting valve (not shown) for adjusting the flow rate of the supplied air.

  Further, the liquid fuel supply system 42 and the spray medium supply system 43 are connected to a supply device (not shown) for adjusting the pressure and flow rate of the liquid fuel and the spray medium on the upstream side thereof. The spray nozzle 1 of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 or the spray nozzle of the second embodiment shown in FIGS. 5 to 7 at the downstream ends of the liquid fuel supply system 42 and the spray medium supply system 43. 61 is installed.

  In the burner 20 provided in the combustion apparatus 60 of the present embodiment, the supplied combustion air is branched from the combustion air supply system 41 into a pipe 45 and a pipe 46, and the furnace 31 is supplied from the burner 20 and the air supply port 44, respectively. Will erupt inside.

  The combustion air is branched and supplied from the combustion air supply system 41 to the pipe 45 and the pipe 46 to reduce the temperature of the flame sprayed from the burner 20 and formed in the furnace 31.

  Furthermore, in the combustion apparatus 60 provided with the burner 20 of the present embodiment, a part of the nitrogen content contained in the fuel is burned by burning the fuel spray fluid in the furnace 31 near the burner 20 due to air shortage. A reaction occurs in which NOx produced as a reducing agent and NOx generated by combustion is reduced to nitrogen.

  For this reason, the NOx concentration at the outlet of the furnace 31 can be reduced as compared with the case where all the combustion air is supplied from the burner 20 into the furnace 31.

  Further, the remaining combustion air is supplied from the air supply port 44 into the furnace 31 through the pipe 46 branched from the combustion air supply system 41, and the fuel spray fluid is completely burned to reduce the unburned amount.

  The combustion gas 47 mixed with the combustion air supplied from the air supply port 44 is heat-exchanged by a heat exchanger 48 installed in the upper part of the furnace 31, passes through a flue 49, and is discharged from the chimney 50 to the atmosphere. Is done.

  Further, the spray nozzle 1 of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 or the spray nozzle of the second embodiment shown in FIGS. 5 to 7 on the burner 20 provided in the combustion device 60 of the present embodiment. By adopting 61, since the surface area per unit weight of the liquid fuel is increased by atomizing and spraying the fuel fluid of the liquid fuel, the combustion reaction proceeds, the unburned portion at the outlet of the combustion device 60, Dust and carbon monoxide are reduced, and the combustion efficiency of the combustion apparatus can be increased.

  Moreover, by accelerating the combustion reaction, consumption of oxygen progresses and generation of nitrogen oxides can be suppressed. Furthermore, the amount of unburned matter, dust, and carbon monoxide can be reduced, so that excess air to be input to the combustion device can be reduced. When the excess air is reduced, the amount of combustion exhaust gas is also reduced, and the sensible heat released to the outside of the combustion apparatus together with the combustion exhaust gas is reduced, so that the thermal efficiency of the combustion apparatus can be increased.

  By suppressing the amount of spray medium used and reducing the pressure, it is possible to reduce the amount of energy consumed for each supply and pressurization. Further, when steam is used as the spraying medium, the thermal efficiency of the combustion apparatus due to the steam introduced into the combustion apparatus is lowered. However, the spray nozzle 1 of the first embodiment or the spray nozzle 61 of the second embodiment described above is used. By using the burner 20, atomization can be maintained even if the amount of steam used is reduced, so that a reduction in thermal efficiency of the combustion apparatus can be prevented.

  In the combustion apparatus 60 provided with the burner 20 of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 9, the combustion air is branched from the combustion air supply system 41 to the pipe 45 and the pipe 46 and from both the burner 20 and the air supply port 44. Although the example which supplies in the furnace 31 was shown, also when supplying the combustion air only into the furnace 31 from the burner 20, the burner 20 provided with the spray nozzle 1 or 61 of 2nd Example shown in FIG. Can be applied.

  Moreover, in the combustion apparatus provided with the burner of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 9, the case where the burner 20 of the second embodiment shown in FIG. 8 is provided on one furnace wall 35 constituting the furnace 31 is shown. The present invention can also be applied to a case where the burner 20 is provided on a plurality of furnace walls 31 constituting the furnace 31 or a case where the burner 20 is provided at a corner of the furnace wall 31 constituting the furnace 31.

  According to the present embodiment, the atomization of the central part of the spray in which the particle diameter of the spray fluid is relatively large is promoted to promote atomization of the entire spray fluid, and the use of the spray medium used for atomization of the spray fluid A combustion apparatus including a burner having a spray nozzle that achieves both reduction in amount or reduction in applied pressure to improve combustion efficiency can be realized.

  The present invention can be applied to a spray nozzle for atomizing a spray fluid using a spray medium, a burner equipped with the spray nozzle, and a combustion apparatus equipped with the burner.

  1: spray nozzle, 2: spray fluid, 3: spray medium, 4, 5: spray fluid flow path, 6, 7: spray medium flow path, 8: mixed fluid, 9, 10: mixed fluid flow path, 11 : Outlet hole, 12: groove, 13, 14: bent part, 15: partition, 16: structure, 16a, 16b: convex part, 17: contracted part, 18: fan-shaped spray central part, 19: fan Spray outer edge of mold, 20: burner, 21: coaxial flow path component, 22: obstacle, 23: spray, 24: wind box, 25: primary flow path, 26: secondary flow path, 27: tertiary Flow path, 28: primary air flow, 29: secondary air flow, 30: tertiary air flow, 31: furnace, 32, 33: swirl flow generator, 34: guide plate, 35: furnace wall, 36: Heat transfer tube, 41: Combustion air supply system, 42: Liquid fuel supply system, 43: Spray medium supply system, 44: Air supply port, 5, 46: piping, 47: combustion gas flow, 48: heat exchanger, 49: flue, 50: chimney, 60: combustion device, 61: spray nozzle, 91: first junction, 92: second The confluence of

The spray nozzle of the present invention is a spray nozzle that sprays a mixed fluid that is atomized by mixing a spray fluid with a spray medium, and the spray nozzle includes a partition that forms an outer surface of the spray nozzle, and an inside of the partition. A plurality of sprays that are provided with a plurality of grooves on the outer surface of the structure on the inlet side of the spray nozzle and supply spray fluid between the inner wall of the partition walls and the grooves. A plurality of spray medium flow paths that form a fluid flow path, supply a spray medium to the inside of the structure on the inlet side of the spray nozzle, and supply the spray fluid In the middle of the spray fluid flow path, the spray medium flow path communicates, and the spray fluid and the spray medium supplied from the spray medium flow path merge to form a mixed fluid. 1 merging portion and below the first merging portion The plurality of spray fluid passages on the side are arranged to face the mixed fluid passages communicating with the spray fluid passages so that the mixed fluids flowing down the spray fluid passages face each other. In the mixed fluid flow path, a second merging portion is formed in the vicinity of the tip portion of the spray nozzle so that the mixed fluids flowing down through the mixed fluid flow path disposed facing each other collide with each other. An outlet hole for spraying the mixed fluid from the spray nozzle to the outside is provided in the partition wall at the tip of the spray nozzle facing the second confluence portion formed in the flow path, and the ejection side of the outlet hole of the mixed fluid flow path A portion protruding into the mixed fluid flow channel is provided on the flow channel wall on the opposite side, and the depth of the groove forming the mixed fluid flow channel is a portion at the upstream side of the second merging portion. this forming to be shorter than the depth of the grooves forming the flow path of mixed fluid flow path The features.

The spray nozzle of the present invention is a spray nozzle that mixes a spray fluid with a spray medium to atomize the spray nozzle, and the spray nozzle has a partition that forms an outer surface of the spray nozzle and a structure that is accommodated in the partition. And a plurality of spray fluid flow paths for supplying a spray fluid between the inner wall of the partition wall and the groove portions provided on the outer surface of the structure on the inlet side of the spray nozzle. Forming a plurality of spraying medium flow paths for supplying a spraying medium to the inside of the structure on the inlet side of the spray nozzle, and supplying the spraying fluid to the plurality of spraying fluid flow paths. In the middle of the spray fluid flow path, a first merging portion that is connected to the spray medium flow path so that the spray fluid and the spray medium supplied from the spray medium flow path merge to form a mixed fluid. And forming the downstream side of the first merging portion The plurality of atomizing fluid channels are arranged opposite to each other so that the mixed fluids flowing down the atomizing fluid channels flow in opposition to each other, and the mixed fluids In the flow path, a second merging portion is formed in the mixed fluid flow path, in the vicinity of the tip of the spray nozzle, where the mixed fluids flowing down the mixed fluid flow path arranged to face each other collide with each other. An outlet hole for spraying the mixed fluid from the spray nozzle to the outside is provided in the partition wall at the tip of the spray nozzle facing the second merged portion, and the ejection side and the opposite side of the outlet hole of the mixed fluid flow path In the cross section perpendicular to the flow direction of the mixed fluid on the wall surface of the flow path, a convex portion is provided at the center in the flow width direction of the mixed fluid flow path, and the depth of the groove forming the mixed fluid flow path is: The depth of the groove at the center in the channel width direction is compared to the depth of the groove at the end in the channel width direction. Characterized in that it is formed in Kunar so.

Claims (10)

A spray nozzle that mixes a spray fluid with a spray medium to spray the atomized mixed fluid, and the spray nozzle includes a partition that forms an outer surface of the spray nozzle, and a structure that is accommodated in the partition. Configured,
A plurality of groove portions are provided on the outer surface of the structure on the inlet side of the spray nozzle to form a plurality of spray fluid flow paths for supplying the spray fluid with the inner walls of the partition walls and the groove portions,
Forming a plurality of spray medium flow paths for supplying a spray medium to the inside of the structure on the inlet side of the spray nozzle;
The plurality of spray fluid flow paths for supplying the spray fluid are connected to the spray fluid flow path in the middle of the spray fluid flow paths, and are supplied from the spray fluid and the spray medium flow path. Forming a first merging portion that becomes a mixed fluid by merging with the medium;
In the plurality of spray fluid flow paths on the downstream side of the first merging portion, the mixed fluid flow communicated with the spray fluid flow paths so that the mixed fluids flowing down the spray fluid flow paths flow in opposition to each other. The roads are arranged facing each other,
In the mixed fluid flow path, a second merging portion is formed in the vicinity of the tip of the spray nozzle so that the mixed fluids flowing down the mixed fluid flow path disposed facing each other collide with each other.
An outlet hole for spraying the mixed fluid from the spray nozzle to the outside is provided in the partition wall at the tip of the spray nozzle facing the second joining portion formed in the mixed fluid flow path,
In the mixed fluid channel, the channel cross-sectional area of the mixed fluid channel facing the second merging portion is larger than the channel cross-sectional area of the mixed fluid channel on the upstream side of the second merging portion. A spray nozzle characterized by forming a narrowed flow portion. A spray nozzle for mixing and atomizing a spray fluid with a spray medium, the spray nozzle comprising a partition that forms the outer surface of the spray nozzle, and a structure that is housed inside the partition,
A plurality of groove portions are provided on the outer surface of the structure on the inlet side of the spray nozzle to form a plurality of spray fluid flow paths for supplying the spray fluid with the inner walls of the partition walls and the groove portions,
Forming a plurality of spray medium flow paths for supplying a spray medium to the inside of the structure on the inlet side of the spray nozzle;
The plurality of spray fluid flow paths for supplying the spray fluid are connected to the spray fluid flow path in the middle of the spray fluid flow paths, and are supplied from the spray fluid and the spray medium flow path. Forming a first merging portion that becomes a mixed fluid by merging with the medium;
In the plurality of spray fluid flow paths on the downstream side of the first merging portion, the mixed fluid flow communicated with the spray fluid flow paths so that the mixed fluids flowing down the spray fluid flow paths flow in opposition to each other. The roads are arranged facing each other,
In the mixed fluid flow path, a second merging portion is formed in the vicinity of the tip of the spray nozzle so that the mixed fluids flowing down the mixed fluid flow path disposed facing each other collide with each other.
An outlet hole for spraying the mixed fluid from the spray nozzle to the outside is provided in the partition wall at the tip of the spray nozzle facing the second joining portion formed in the mixed fluid flow path,
In the mixed fluid flow path, the mixed fluid flow path faces the second merge portion, and the mixed fluid flow path has a cross-sectional area perpendicular to the flow direction of the mixed fluid. The spray nozzle characterized by forming the constriction part which becomes narrow compared with the edge part of a flow path width direction in the center part of the flow path width direction of a path | route. The spray nozzle according to claim 1 or 2,
The constricted part formed in the mixed fluid flow path facing the second merge part obstructs the wall surface of the structure on the side opposite to the outlet hole provided in the partition wall facing the second merge part. A spray nozzle characterized in that it is formed by a projecting portion projecting into the mixed fluid flow path as a product. The spray nozzle according to claim 1 or 2,
A spray nozzle, wherein a protrusion provided on a wall surface of the structure so as to protrude into the mixed fluid flow path is installed to be replaceable with the structure. The spray nozzle according to claim 1 or 2,
Orthogonal to the flow direction of the mixed fluid flowing down to the second merging portion through the mixed fluid flow channel disposed opposite to the partition wall formed with the outlet hole facing the second merging portion of the mixed fluid flow channel A spray nozzle characterized in that a second groove is provided in a direction, and the outlet hole is formed at an intersection of the second merging portion and the second groove. The spray nozzle according to claim 1 or 2,
The spray nozzle, wherein the mixed fluid flow path is formed with a bent portion that changes a flow direction of the mixed fluid at a communication portion where the mixed fluid flow path communicates with the spray fluid flow path. A burner having a spray nozzle that uses liquid fuel as fuel,
The spray nozzle according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is used as a spray nozzle, the liquid fuel is supplied to the spray nozzle as the spray fluid, and steam or compressed air is used as the spray medium to the spray nozzle. A burner provided with a spray nozzle characterized by supplying. A burner comprising a fuel nozzle for ejecting solid fuel and its carrier gas, a spray nozzle for spraying liquid fuel, and a combustion gas nozzle for ejecting combustion gas for burning the solid fuel and liquid fuel,
The spray nozzle according to claim 1 is used as the spray nozzle, the liquid fuel is supplied to the spray nozzle as the spray fluid, and steam or compressed air is used as the spray medium for the spray. A burner provided with a spray nozzle, characterized by being supplied to a nozzle. A combustion device having a burner for burning fossil fuel,
A combustion furnace for burning fossil fuel, a fuel supply system for supplying fossil fuel to the combustion furnace, a combustion gas supply system for supplying combustion gas to the combustion furnace, the fuel supply system, and the combustion gas supply A burner that is connected to the system and burns fossil fuel provided on the furnace wall of the combustion furnace, a heat exchanger that recovers heat from the combustion exhaust gas generated in the combustion furnace, and the combustion exhaust gas that is recovered from the heat A flue that supplies to the outside of the
9. A combustion apparatus equipped with a burner, wherein the burner according to claim 7 or 8 is used as the burner. A combustion apparatus comprising a burner for burning solid fuel and liquid fuel,
A combustion furnace that burns fuel; a solid fuel supply system that supplies solid fuel to the combustion furnace; a liquid fuel supply system that supplies liquid fuel to the combustion furnace; and a combustion gas that supplies combustion gas to the combustion furnace A gas supply system, a plurality of burners connected to the fuel supply system and the combustion gas supply system to burn the solid fuel or liquid fuel provided on the furnace wall of the combustion furnace, and combustion generated in the combustion furnace A heat exchanger for recovering heat from the exhaust gas, and a flue for supplying the heat recovered combustion exhaust gas to the outside of the combustion furnace,
A combustion apparatus provided with a burner, wherein the burner according to claim 7 or 8 is used as the burner.

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