JPH06273781A - Liquid crystal display element - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide the satisfactory liquid crystal display element free from light leakage by fixing reverse disclination at a specific position and disabling an observer from observing light leakage at this time from above a panel by a light shading means. CONSTITUTION:First and second substrates 11 and 15 facing each other, a liquid crystal layer inserted and held between first and second substrates 11 and 15, a first electrode 14 formed on the liquid crystal side of the first substrate 11, a second electrode 12 formed on the liquid crystal side of the second substrate 15 facing the first electrode 14, an orienting means which is formed on the second substrate 15 and orients the liquid crystal, the light shielding means which intercepts the light which is made incident on the liquid crystal layer and is emitted from the liquid crystal layer through liquid crystal molecules existing on the second electrode 12, and a means which changes the voltage applied between the first electrode 14 and the second electrode 12 to control the rising direction of liquid crystal are provided. Since the light passing the abnormal area due to reverse disclination is not emitted from the front of the panel, the degradation of the display quality due to light leakage is prevented.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A liquid crystal display device is thin and can be driven at a low voltage, and is widely used as a display device for wrist watches, calculators and the like. TN (Twisted Nematic) type liquid crystal display system is TF
By incorporating an active switching element such as T (Thin Film Transistor), it is possible to have display characteristics similar to that of a CRT, and the STN (Super Twisted Nematic) type liquid crystal display system enables high-duty multiplex drive, both of which are word processors. It has come to be used for displays of personal computers.

However, the TN type liquid crystal display system has the drawbacks that the viewing angle is narrow and the light utilization efficiency is low, and in the active matrix driving, the reverse tilt is caused by the spread of the electric field or electric force line generated between the wiring and one pixel. Disclination occurs, and there is a problem that light leakage occurs at the place where this occurs.

The generation mechanism of reverse tilt disclination has been analyzed by various simulations and the like, but it has been found that its generation is fundamentally unavoidable because it depends on the shape of the opposing electrodes and the potential difference.

FIG. 11 shows a cross-sectional view of one pixel of a conventional active matrix driving type liquid crystal display element, and the reverse disclination will be described. TFT
A transparent pixel electrode 112 is formed on a glass substrate 111 in which active elements (not shown) such as are arranged in a matrix, and an alignment film 113 is formed so as to cover them. A common electrode 114 and an alignment film 113 are formed on the opposing glass substrate 115. The initial alignment of the liquid crystal is 116, and when a voltage is applied between the electrodes, the lines of electric force become like the arrow 118 in the figure. At this time, the liquid crystal molecules try to rise along the lines of electric force, but in the region 117 in the figure, the liquid crystal molecules rising to the right and the liquid crystal molecules trying to rise to the left are mixed. Reverse disclination occurs at the boundary between the liquid crystal molecules facing right and left, and light is leaking when viewed from above the panel.

Conventionally, this light leakage is hidden by a black matrix or the like, but reverse disclination occurs at an unpredictable position on the transparent pixel electrode 112, and in the conventional liquid crystal display device, the reverse disc It was not possible to specify the position where the lineation occurred, and it was not possible to prevent light leakage only with the black matrix.

[0007]

As described above, conventionally, it is impossible to prevent light leakage due to reverse disclination, and the deterioration of display quality due to the light leakage has been a problem. The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display element having high display quality and preventing light leakage due to reverse disclination.

[0008]

In order to achieve the above object, the first invention of the present invention is to provide first and second substrates which are opposed to each other, and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first and second substrates. A first electrode formed on the liquid crystal side of the first substrate, a second electrode formed on the liquid crystal side of the second substrate so as to face the first electrode, An aligning unit formed on the second substrate for aligning the liquid crystal; a light blocking unit for blocking light that is incident on the liquid crystal layer and exits from the liquid crystal layer via liquid crystal molecules existing on the second electrode; A liquid crystal display device comprising: a means for controlling the rising direction of the liquid crystal by changing the voltage applied between the first electrode and the second electrode.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, first and second substrates facing each other, a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first and second substrates, and a liquid crystal side of the first substrate are formed. And a second electrode formed on the liquid crystal side of the second substrate so as to face the first electrode and having a smaller area than the first electrode and being opaque. And a means for controlling the rising direction of the liquid crystal by changing the voltage applied between the first electrode and the second electrode. A liquid crystal display device is provided.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, first and second substrates facing each other, a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first and second substrates, and a liquid crystal side of the first substrate are formed. A first electrode, a second electrode formed on the liquid crystal side of the second substrate so as to face the first electrode, and having an area smaller than that of the first electrode; and the second substrate. An alignment film formed thereon, a light-shielding film provided on at least a portion of the first electrode overlapping the second electrode when viewed from the first substrate side, the first electrode and the second electrode. And a means for controlling the rising direction of the liquid crystal by changing the voltage applied between the electrodes.

That is, according to the first aspect of the present invention, the abnormality due to the reverse disclination which has occurred on the second electrode is not observed on the panel surface, and the liquid crystal molecules on the second electrode are applied to the panel surface. It blocks the emitted light. At this time, as the light shielding means, the incident light can be shielded in advance so that the incident light does not enter the liquid crystal molecules on the second electrode.

In the second and third inventions, the second electrode is the first
By forming the electrode so that the area thereof is sufficiently smaller than that of the electrode, it is possible to reliably specify the position where the reverse disclination occurs on the second electrode. At this time, the second invention is characterized in that the second electrode is made opaque so that the light leakage due to the reverse disclination cannot be observed from the panel observation surface side. By providing a light-shielding film in at least a portion of the first electrode overlapping the second electrode when viewed from the first substrate side, light passing through an abnormal region due to reverse disclination is not emitted to the panel surface. Is. In this case, the light shielding film may be formed integrally with the first electrode.

In the present invention, the size relationship between the areas of the first electrode and the second electrode is compared in one pixel, that is, in the area surrounded by the gate and signal wiring in the effective display pixel area. It is a thing.

[0014]

Since the light passing through the abnormal area due to the reverse disclination is not emitted from the front surface of the panel, it is possible to prevent the deterioration of the display quality due to the light leakage. Also, by making one of the opposing electrodes sufficiently smaller than the other electrode, the electric field is concentrated on this smaller electrode, and the position where reverse disclination occurs is located on this one electrode. It can be specified with certainty. Further, by making the specified position opaque so that it cannot be observed on the screen, light leakage due to reverse disclination can be prevented.

Further, by making one electrode smaller than the other electrode, it becomes possible to have regions having different rising directions in one pixel, the viewing direction has no anisotropy, and the viewing angle of the element. It is also possible to improve.

[0016]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of one pixel of a liquid crystal display element according to the first embodiment of the present invention. First, an opaque electrode 12, which is a second electrode, is formed in a strip shape with Cr on a glass substrate 11 on which switching elements such as TFTs, gate lines, and signal lines (not shown) are formed in a matrix. The opaque electrode 12 is connected to the switching element. The transparent electrode 14 which is the first electrode is formed of ITO on the opposing glass substrate 15. At this time, in the portion surrounded by the gate and the signal wiring in the effective display pixel area,
The area ratio of (first electrode 14) / (second electrode 12) is 3
It was set up to become. By doing so, the electric field can be concentrated on the second electrode 12.

Next, a silane treatment agent for horizontal orientation (KBM-603 manufactured by Shin-Etsu Silicone Co., Ltd.) is applied to both substrates 11 and 15 and post-baked to fix them on the substrates 11 and 15 and then rubbing treatment. The alignment film 13 is formed. A Cr opaque electrode 12 was placed at the center of the transparent electrode 14 and these two alignment-treated substrates were combined so as to form a liquid crystal at 90 ° TN, and a liquid crystal display element having Np liquid crystal sandwiched between them and having an electrode distance of 6 μm was produced. First electrode 14 and second electrode 12
The positional relationship of is as shown in FIG. 7, and in this case 7
1 is the transparent electrode 14, and 72 is the opaque electrode 12.

When a voltage was applied between the electrodes of the liquid crystal display element thus produced, reverse disclination was confined in the region 17 in FIG. 1 and no light leakage was observed from the panel.

Further, in this liquid crystal display element, the liquid crystal 16 is distributed as shown in the drawing when a voltage is applied, and the liquid crystal 16 is divided into two regions with different rising directions of the liquid crystal molecules sandwiching the electrode 12 to contribute to the improvement of the viewing angle.

In the present embodiment, the second electrode is provided with the light shielding property. However, when viewed perpendicularly to the panel, at least the first electrode portion overlapping the second electrode is provided with the light shielding property. Is also good. The liquid crystal display device thus produced is shown in FIG. In the figure, the same reference numerals are the same as in the first embodiment, and detailed description thereof will be omitted. The light shielding film 19 formed so as to overlap the transparent electrode 18 which is the second electrode formed of ITO or the like is formed of Cr.
And so on. With this configuration, the substrate 15
If the side is the observation direction, it is possible to prevent light leakage.

As a method of supplying light to the liquid crystal display element according to the present embodiment, a so-called transmissive type in which a backlight such as a fluorescent lamp is used from the side of the substrate 11 which is the second substrate may be used, or the substrate 11 is reflected. A so-called reflective type that forms a film may be used.

Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of one pixel of the liquid crystal display element according to the second embodiment of the present invention. First, on the glass substrate 11 on which switching elements such as TFTs, gate lines, and signal lines (not shown) are formed in a matrix, a light-shielding film 31 of a polymer resin containing a dye is formed in a band shape. An electrode 32, which is a second electrode, is formed in a strip shape with ITO on the light shielding film 31.
The ITO electrode 32 is connected to the switching element. The transparent electrode 14 which is the first electrode is formed of ITO on the opposing glass substrate 15. At this time, the area ratio of (first electrode 14) / (second electrode 32) was set to 3 in the portion surrounded by the gate and the signal wiring in the effective display pixel region. By doing so, the electric field can be concentrated on the second electrode 32.

Next, a silane treatment agent for horizontal alignment (KBM-603 manufactured by Shin-Etsu Silicone Co., Ltd.) was applied to both substrates 11 and substrate 1.
5 is coated with a silane treatment agent for vertical alignment (octadecyltriethoxysilane) and then post-baked to obtain a substrate 11,
After being fixed on 15, the rubbing process is performed to form the alignment film 13. The two alignment-treated substrates 11 and 15 were arranged with the electrode 12 at the center of the transparent electrode 14, and a NAN liquid crystal was sandwiched so that the liquid crystal became a hybrid, and a HAN type ECB liquid crystal display device having an interelectrode distance of 6 μm was produced. First
The positional relationship between the electrode 14 and the second electrode 32 is as shown in FIG. 7. In this case, 71 is the transparent electrode 14, and 72 is the ITO electrode 32 having the light shielding film 31.

When a voltage was applied between the electrodes of the liquid crystal display element thus produced, reverse disclination was confined in the region 17 in FIG. 3 and no light leakage was observed from the panel. In the present embodiment, the light-shielding film 31 is made slightly larger than the electrode 33 so as to surely prevent light leakage.

Further, in this liquid crystal display element, the liquid crystal 16 is distributed as shown in the figure, and is divided into two regions having different rising directions of the liquid crystal molecules with the electrode 32 interposed therebetween, thereby contributing to the improvement of the viewing angle. In the present embodiment, the second electrode is provided with a light shielding property,
When viewed perpendicularly to the panel, at least the first electrode portion overlapping the second electrode may have a light-shielding property.

As a method of supplying light to the liquid crystal display element according to this embodiment, a so-called transmissive type in which a backlight such as a fluorescent lamp is used from the side of the substrate 11 which is the second substrate may be used. A so-called reflective type that forms a film may be used.

Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of one pixel of the liquid crystal display element according to the third embodiment of the present invention. First, on the glass substrate 11 on which switching elements such as TFTs, gate lines, and signal lines (not shown) are formed in a matrix, a transparent electrode 41, which is a first electrode, is formed of ITO in a 200 μm square. The transparent electrode 41 is connected to the switching element. On the glass substrate 15 facing each other, first, a light-shielding film 42 of a polymer resin to which a dye is added is formed in a strip shape, and then this light-shielding film 42
The electrode 43, which is the second electrode, is formed on the upper portion of Cr in a strip shape. At this time, the area ratio of (first electrode 41) / (second electrode 43) was set to 3 in the portion surrounded by the gate and the signal wiring in the effective display pixel area. By doing so, the electric field can be concentrated on the second electrode 43.

Next, a silane treatment agent for vertical alignment (octadecyltriethoxysilane) is applied to both substrates 11 and 15 and post-baked to fix them on the substrates 11 and 15 to form an alignment film 13. These two alignment treated substrates 1
1 and 15 are combined so that the Cr electrode 43 is arranged in the center of the transparent electrode 41, and the Nn liquid crystal is sandwiched between the electrodes, and the distance between the electrodes is 6 μm.
m DAP type ECB liquid crystal display device was produced. The positional relationship between the first electrode 41 and the second electrode 43 is as shown in FIG. 7. In this case, 71 is the transparent electrode 41, and 72 is the Cr electrode 43 having the light shielding film 42.

When a voltage was applied between the electrodes of the liquid crystal display element thus produced, reverse disclination was confined in the region 17 in FIG. 4 and no light leakage was observed from the panel. In the present embodiment, the light shielding film 42 is made slightly larger than the Cr electrode 44 so that light leakage is surely prevented. Further, as in the present embodiment, the pixel electrode on the substrate 15 facing the substrate 11 having the switching element may be made small and the light shielding means may be provided.

Further, in this liquid crystal display element, the liquid crystal 16 is distributed as shown in the figure, and is divided into two regions having different rising directions of the liquid crystal molecules with the electrode 42 interposed therebetween, thereby contributing to the improvement of the viewing angle. In the present embodiment, the second electrode is provided with a light shielding property,
When viewed perpendicularly to the panel, at least the first electrode portion overlapping the second electrode may have a light-shielding property.

As a method of supplying light to the liquid crystal display element according to the present embodiment, a so-called transmissive type in which a backlight such as a fluorescent lamp is used from the side of the substrate 11 which is the first substrate, or reflection on the substrate 11 is possible. A so-called reflective type that forms a film may be used.

Next, a liquid crystal display device according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described. This embodiment will be described with reference to the sectional view of FIG. First, an opaque electrode 12, which is a second electrode, is formed on a glass substrate 11 on which switching elements such as TFTs, gate lines, and signal lines (not shown) are formed by Al.
To form a strip. The transparent electrode 14 which is the first electrode is formed of ITO on the opposing glass substrate 15. At this time, in the portion surrounded by the gate and the signal wiring in the effective display pixel area, (first electrode 14) / (second electrode 14)
The area ratio of the electrode 12) was set to 4. By doing so, the electric field can be concentrated on the second electrode 12.

Next, polyimide is applied to both substrates 11 and 15 to a film thickness of 1000 angstrom (hereinafter referred to as A), post-baked and completely cured, and then rubbing treatment is performed to form an alignment film 13. . An Al opaque electrode 12 is placed in the center of the transparent electrode 14 with the two alignment-treated substrates 11 and 15, and the liquid crystals are combined so as to form a liquid crystal at 90 ° TN, and a liquid crystal display element with an Np liquid crystal sandwiched between electrodes of 6 μm is manufactured. did. The positional relationship between the first electrode 14 and the second electrode 12 is as shown in FIG.
Are transparent electrodes 14 and 72 are Al electrodes 12.

When a voltage was applied between the electrodes of the liquid crystal display element thus manufactured, reverse disclination was confined in the region 17 in FIG. 1 and no light leakage was observed from the panel.

Further, in this liquid crystal display element, the liquid crystal 16 is distributed as shown in the figure, and the liquid crystal 16 is divided into two regions having different rising directions of the liquid crystal molecules with the electrode 12 interposed therebetween, thereby contributing to the improvement of the viewing angle. In the present embodiment, the second electrode is provided with a light shielding property,
When viewed perpendicularly to the panel, at least the first electrode portion overlapping the second electrode may have a light-shielding property.

As a method of supplying light to the liquid crystal display element according to this embodiment, a so-called transmissive type in which a backlight such as a fluorescent lamp is used from the side of the second substrate 11 may be used, or the substrate 11 may be reflected. A so-called reflective type that forms a film may be used.

Next, a liquid crystal display element according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 5 is a sectional view of one pixel of the liquid crystal display element according to the fifth embodiment. First, the TFT switch element, the gate line, the signal line (not shown) and the auxiliary capacitance line 5
1. On the glass substrate 11 on which the insulating film 52 is formed,
The transparent electrodes 53, which are the electrodes, are formed of ITO in a 200 μm square in a matrix with respect to the wiring. Opposing glass substrate 1
An opaque electrode 54, which is a second electrode, is formed in a strip shape on Cr on Cr. At this time, in the portion surrounded by the gate and the signal wiring in the effective display pixel region (the first electrode 53)
The area ratio of / (second electrode 54) was set to 4. By doing so, the electric field can be concentrated on the second electrode 54.

Next, a photosensitive polyimide is applied on both substrates 11 and 15 at 1000 A, and the substrate 11 side provided with the switch element is rubbed to form an alignment film 13, and the substrate 15 on the opposite side is lined with a line of 1 μm. A horizontal alignment film 13 was formed by patterning in an and space. The two alignment-treated substrates 11 and 15 are arranged so that the Cr strip electrodes 54 are overlapped on the auxiliary capacitance line 51, and Np liquid crystal containing no combination chiral agent is sandwiched so that the liquid crystal becomes TN, and the distance between the electrodes is 6 μm. A liquid crystal display device was produced. The positional relationship between the first electrode 53 and the second electrode 54 is as shown in FIG. 7. In this case, 71 is the transparent electrode 53 and 72 is the Cr electrode 54.

When a voltage was applied between the electrodes of the liquid crystal display element thus manufactured, reverse disclination was confined in the region 17 in FIG. 5 and no light leakage was observed from the panel.

Further, in this liquid crystal display element, the liquid crystal 16 is distributed as shown in FIG. 5, and the liquid crystal 16 is divided into two regions having different rising directions of liquid crystal molecules with the electrode 54 interposed therebetween, thereby contributing to the improvement of the viewing angle.

In this embodiment, since the opaque electrode 54 made of Cr is arranged so as to overlap the auxiliary capacitance wiring 51, the aperture ratio can be made almost the same as the conventional one. In the present embodiment, the second electrode is provided with the light shielding property, but when viewed perpendicularly to the panel, at least the first electrode portion overlapping the second electrode may be provided with the light shielding property.

As a method of supplying light to the liquid crystal display element according to this embodiment, a so-called transmissive type in which a backlight such as a fluorescent lamp is used from the side of the substrate 11 which is the first substrate may be used, or the substrate 11 is reflected. A so-called reflective type that forms a film may be used.

Next, a liquid crystal display element according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention will be described. In this example, four second electrodes were provided in a strip shape. FIG. 6 is a sectional view of one pixel of the liquid crystal display element according to the sixth embodiment.

First, a transparent electrode 61, which is a first electrode, is formed of ITO on a glass substrate 11 on which a TFT switch element, a gate line, and a signal line (not shown) are formed in a matrix of 200 μm square with respect to the wiring. Set up. An opaque electrode 62, which is a second electrode, is formed of Cr on the opposing glass substrate 15 to form a strip electrode having a width of 10 μm. At this time, the area ratio of (first electrode 61) / (second electrode 62) (summing) was set to 5 in the portion surrounded by the gate and signal wiring in the effective display pixel region. . By doing so, the electric field can be concentrated on the second electrode 44.

Next, a photosensitive polyimide is applied on both substrates 11 and 15 at 1000 A, and the substrate 11 side provided with the switch element is rubbed to form an alignment film 13, and the substrate 15 on the opposite side is lined with a line of 1 μm. A horizontal alignment film 13 was formed by patterning in an and space. A liquid crystal display element having a distance between electrodes of 6 μm was produced by sandwiching Np liquid crystal containing no chiral agent by combining the two alignment-treated substrates 11 and 15 so that the liquid crystal was TN. The positional relationship between the first electrode 61 and the second electrode 62 is as shown in FIG. 9A. In this case, 91 is the transparent electrode 61 and 92 is the Cr electrode 62. FIG. 9B is a state as viewed from above.

When a voltage was applied between the electrodes of the liquid crystal display device thus produced, reverse disclination was confined in the region 17 in FIG. 6 and no light leakage was observed from the panel.

Further, in this liquid crystal display element, the liquid crystal 16 is distributed as shown in the figure, and is divided into two regions having different rising directions of the liquid crystal molecules with the electrode 62 interposed therebetween, thereby contributing to the improvement of the viewing angle. The present embodiment is characterized in that a plurality of strip-shaped opaque electrodes 62 made of Cr are provided in one pixel. As described above, even if a plurality of second electrodes are provided, the effects of the present invention can be sufficiently exhibited.

In the present embodiment, the second electrode is provided with the light shielding property, but when viewed perpendicularly to the panel, at least the first electrode portion which overlaps the second electrode is provided with the light shielding property. Is also good.

As a method of supplying light to the liquid crystal display element according to this embodiment, a so-called transmissive type in which a backlight such as a fluorescent lamp is used from the side of the substrate 11 which is the first substrate may be used, or the substrate 11 is reflected. A so-called reflective type that forms a film may be used.

Next, a liquid crystal display element according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention will be described. This embodiment will be described with reference to the sectional view of FIG. In this embodiment, the second electrode 3
The feature is that a plurality of 3 are formed in a square shape with Al.

First, the glass substrate 11 on which switching elements such as TFTs, gate lines, and signal lines (not shown) are formed.
The transparent electrode 61, which is the first electrode, is formed on the upper surface by ITO.
The wires are arranged in a matrix with a size of 00 μm square. On the opposite glass substrate 15, the opaque electrode 6 as the second electrode.
2 is formed of Al to form a square electrode of 10 μm square. At this time, in the portion surrounded by the gate and the signal wiring in the effective display pixel area, (first electrode 61) / (second electrode 61)
The area ratio of the electrode 62) (which takes the sum) was set to 25. By doing so, the electric field can be concentrated on the second electrode 62.

Next, polyimide is applied as an alignment film on both substrates 11 and 15 to a film thickness of 1000 A, and then post-baked to completely cure and rubbing the alignment film 1.
3 is formed. A liquid crystal display element having a distance between electrodes of 6 μm was prepared by sandwiching Np liquid crystal with the two alignment-treated substrates 11 and 15 so that the liquid crystal had 90 ° TN. First
The positional relationship between the electrode 61 and the second electrode 62 of FIG.
In this case, 101 is the transparent electrode 6.
1, 102 serve as a square Al electrode 62. Figure 1
0 (b) shows the state viewed from the upper surface.

When a voltage was applied between the electrodes of the liquid crystal display device thus produced, reverse disclination was confined in the region 17 in FIG. 6 and no light leakage was observed from the panel.

Further, in this liquid crystal display element, the liquid crystal 16 is distributed as shown in the figure, and the rising directions of the liquid crystal molecules are oriented around the electrode 62, so that the viewing angle can be improved.

In the present embodiment, the second electrode has a square shape, and a plurality of second electrodes are provided, but one square electrode may be used as shown in FIG. In this case, the second electrode may be connected to the TFT electrode. In the figure, 81 is a first electrode and 82 is a second electrode.

In this embodiment, the second electrode is provided with the light shielding property. However, when viewed perpendicularly to the panel, at least the first electrode portion which overlaps the second electrode is provided with the light shielding property. Is also good.

As a method of supplying light to the liquid crystal display element according to the present embodiment, a so-called transmissive type in which a backlight such as a fluorescent lamp is used from the side of the substrate 11 which is the first substrate, or the substrate 11 is reflected. A so-called reflective type that forms a film may be used.

In the above embodiments, the active matrix system having the switching element is shown, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the simple matrix system can exert its effect.

In the present invention, when the alignment treatment of the second substrate is horizontal alignment, it is desirable that the liquid crystal pretilt angle α ₀ is low, and if 0 ° ≦ α ₀ ≦ 2 °, the position of occurrence of reverse disclination is determined. It can be satisfactorily fixed on the second electrode, and regions in different rising directions centering on the second electrode can be surely realized in one pixel. In this case, the twist angle θ is preferably 85 ° ≦ θ ≦ 90 ° in order to ensure the winding direction of the liquid crystal molecules.

In the present invention, the area ratio between the first electrode and the second electrode is (first electrode) in the opening used for display provided in the portion surrounded by the gate and the signal wiring in the effective display pixel region. Electrode) / (second electrode) ≧ 3. If this is 3 or less, the effect of electric field concentration is small and the position of disclination cannot be specified, so that light leakage cannot be prevented. Further, at this time, if it is attempted to hide this light leakage with the light-shielding electrode or the light-shielding film, the area of the light-shielding electrode or the light-shielding film becomes too large, which reduces the aperture ratio, which is not preferable. Further, the light-shielding electrode or the light-shielding film, which is a light-shielding means, requires a wiring width of 5 μm or more in consideration of the size of disclination and the leakage of ambient light.

Mo, Cr, Al, C as the light-shielding electrode
A metal such as u, Ti, Ta, Au, Ag, PtW, or Ni and a highly conductive inorganic or organic film can be used.
Further, by concentrating the electric field on the second electrode, the electric field in the pixel is tilted so that the rising directions of the liquid crystal molecules are two directions when the second electrode is in a band shape and when the second electrode is in a square shape. It can be divided in multiple directions, and regions with different viewing angles can be provided in a pixel. By providing the regions having different viewing angles, the viewing field is corrected when the screen is viewed macroscopically, and a wide viewing angle can be realized. In this case, it is desirable that the alignment region is provided so that the pixels can be evenly divided. By dividing the area evenly, it is possible to make the area within the pixel in the area with different viewing angles the same, and to maximize the effect of offsetting the goodness and badness of the viewing angle within one pixel by providing areas with different viewing angles. You can

The alignment film used in the present invention includes polyimide, polyamide, polyamideimide, polysulfone, polyester, polybenzimidazole, polyether,
Polysulfide, polybenzimidazopyrrolone, polyphenyl, polynaphthalene, polycyanoacetylene, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl alcohol, polystyrene, polyaniline, etc.
Inorganic oblique vapor deposition film and the like can be mentioned. Further, a fine groove formed on the substrate with an inorganic substance or an organic substance is also an effective orientation means.

The display system used in the liquid crystal display device of the present invention includes twisted nematic display (TN), STN, SBE, ECB, GH, etc., and abnormal display of disclination due to a difference in rising direction of liquid crystal molecules under an electric field applied state. It can be used for all display methods in which the occurrence of.

[0064]

As described above in detail, in the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, the reverse disclination is fixed at a specific position so that the light leakage at this time cannot be observed from the panel by the light shielding means. As a result, it is possible to provide a good liquid crystal display element that does not leak light. In addition, the liquid crystal alignment direction when a voltage is applied can be oriented in every direction for each pixel, which contributes to the improvement of the viewing angle.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal display element according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal display element according to a modification of the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal display element according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal display element according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal display element according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a sectional view of a liquid crystal display element according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a positional relationship between the first electrode and the second electrode of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a positional relationship between a first electrode and a second electrode of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a positional relationship between a first electrode and a second electrode of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a positional relationship between the first electrode and the second electrode of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a sectional view of a conventional liquid crystal display device.

[Explanation of symbols]

 11 Glass Substrate 12 Second Electrode 13 Alignment Film 14 First Electrode 15 Glass Substrate 16 Liquid Crystal Molecules 17 Range where Reverse Disclination Appears

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A first and a second substrate facing each other, a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first and the second substrate, and a first electrode formed on the liquid crystal side of the first substrate, A second electrode formed on the liquid crystal side of the second substrate so as to face the first electrode; an alignment means formed on the second substrate for aligning the liquid crystal; A light blocking means for blocking light that is incident and exits from the liquid crystal layer via liquid crystal molecules existing on the second electrode; and by changing a voltage applied between the first electrode and the second electrode, And a means for controlling the rising direction of the liquid crystal. 2. A first and a second substrate facing each other, a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first and the second substrate, and a first electrode formed on the liquid crystal side of the first substrate. A second electrode formed on the liquid crystal side of the second substrate so as to face the first electrode and having a smaller area than the first electrode and being opaque; and formed on the second substrate. And a means for controlling the rising direction of the liquid crystal by changing the voltage applied between the first electrode and the second electrode. 3. A first and a second substrate facing each other, a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first and the second substrate, and a first electrode formed on the liquid crystal side of the first substrate. A second electrode formed on the liquid crystal side of the second substrate so as to face the first electrode and having a smaller area than the first electrode; and an alignment film formed on the second substrate. Changing the voltage applied between the first electrode and the second electrode, and the light-shielding film provided at least in a portion of the first electrode overlapping the second electrode when viewed from the first substrate side. And a means for controlling the rising direction of the liquid crystal.