JP7122542B2 - 正極活物質、および、電池 - Google Patents
正極活物質、および、電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7122542B2 JP7122542B2 JP2019544309A JP2019544309A JP7122542B2 JP 7122542 B2 JP7122542 B2 JP 7122542B2 JP 2019544309 A JP2019544309 A JP 2019544309A JP 2019544309 A JP2019544309 A JP 2019544309A JP 7122542 B2 JP7122542 B2 JP 7122542B2
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- active material
- electrode active
- positive electrode
- composite oxide
- lithium composite
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- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims description 101
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 179
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 178
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 165
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 90
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 5
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- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
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- 229910001547 lithium hexafluoroantimonate(V) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001540 lithium hexafluoroarsenate(V) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni] RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese oxide Inorganic materials [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mn+2] PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001512 metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QLOAVXSYZAJECW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;molecular fluorine Chemical compound C.FF QLOAVXSYZAJECW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 description 1
- 229920003196 poly(1,3-dioxolane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001483 poly(ethyl methacrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002312 polyamide-imide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000120 polyethyl acrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002720 polyhexylacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000129 polyhexylmethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002459 porosimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005207 tetraalkylammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005497 tetraalkylphosphonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006234 thermal black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021561 transition metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001889 triflyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012856 weighed raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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Description
実施の形態1における正極活物質は、リチウム複合酸化物を含む正極活物質であって、当該リチウム複合酸化物は、Fを含み、当該リチウム複合酸化物の平均組成に基づくFとOの合計モル量に占めるFのモル量の割合をZaとし、当該リチウム複合酸化物のXPS測定に基づくFとOの合計モル量に占めるFのモル量の割合をZsとしたとき、1<Zs/Zaを満たし、XRDパターンにおいて、回折角2θが18°以上20°以下の範囲に存在する第1の最大ピークと、回折角2θが43°以上46°以下の範囲に存在する第2の最大ピークとの、積分強度比I(18°-20°)/I(43°-46°)が、0.05≦I(18°-20°)/I(43°-46°)≦0.90、を満たす。
1<Zs/Zaを満たす。
実施の形態1におけるリチウム複合酸化物は、空間群C2/mに属する結晶構造を有し、0.05≦I(18°-20°)/I(43°-46°)≦0.90、を満たす相を含んでもよい。
実施の形態1におけるリチウム複合酸化物は、空間群R-3mに属する結晶構造を有し、0.05≦I(18°-20°)/I(43°-46°)≦0.90、を満たす相を含んでもよい。
実施の形態1におけるリチウム複合酸化物は、空間群Fd-3mに属する結晶構造を有し、0.05≦I(18°-20°)/I(43°-46°)≦0.90、を満たす相を含んでもよい。
実施の形態1におけるリチウム複合酸化物は、空間群C2/mまたはR-3mまたはFd-3mに属する結晶構造を有する相を含み、かつ、空間群Fm-3mに属する結晶構造を有する相をさらに含み、かつ、0.05≦I(18°-20°)/I(43°-46°)≦0.90、を満たしてもよい。
ここで、Meは、Mn、Co、Ni、Fe、Cu、V、Nb、Mo、Ti、Cr、Zr、Zn、Na、K、Ca、Mg、Pt、Au、Ag、Ru、W、B、Si、P、およびAlからなる群より選択される一種または二種以上の元素であってもよい。
1.05≦x≦1.4、
0.6≦y≦0.95、
1.2≦α<2、および
0<β≦0.8、
を満たしてもよい。
1.15≦x≦1.25、および
0.75≦y≦0.85、
を満たしてもよい。
1.33≦α≦1.9、および
0.1≦β≦0.67、
を満たしてもよい。
以下に、実施の形態1の正極活物質に含まれるリチウム複合酸化物の製造方法の一例が、説明される。
以下、実施の形態2が説明される。なお、上述の実施の形態1と重複する説明は、適宜、省略される。
[正極活物質の作製]
LiFとLi2MnO3とLiMnO2とLiCoO2とLiNiO2とを、Li/Mn/Co/Ni/O/F=1.2/0.54/0.13/0.13/1.9/0.1のモル比となるようにそれぞれ秤量した。
次に、70質量部の上述の正極活物質と、20質量部の導電剤と、10質量部のポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)と、適量の2-メチルピロリドン(NMP)とを、混合した。これにより、正極合剤スラリーを得た。
上述の実施例1から、原料およびLi/Me/O/Fの混合比率を、それぞれ変えた。
上述の実施例1と同様にして、Li1.2Mn0.54Co0.13Ni0.13O1.9F0.1で表される平均組成を有する正極活物質を得た。
上述の実施例1と同様にして、Li1.2Mn0.54Co0.13Ni0.13O1.9F0.1で表される平均組成を有する正極活物質を得た。
上述の実施例1から、原料およびLi/Me/O/Fの混合比率を、それぞれ変えた。
上述の実施例1から、原料およびLi/Me/O/Fの混合比率を、変えた。
正極に対する電流密度を0.5mA/cm2に設定し、4.9Vの電圧に達するまで、実施例1~7および比較例1~5の電池を充電した。
11 ケース
12 正極集電体
13 正極活物質層
14 セパレータ
15 封口板
16 負極集電体
17 負極活物質層
18 ガスケット
21 正極
22 負極
Claims (15)
- フッ素及び酸素を含有するリチウム複合酸化物を含み、
前記リチウム複合酸化物をX線光電子分光で測定して得られる、前記フッ素のモル量と前記酸素のモル量との和に対する前記フッ素のモル量の割合Zsが、前記リチウム複合酸化物の平均組成における、前記フッ素のモル量と前記酸素モル量との和に対する前記フッ素のモル量の割合Zaよりも大きく、
Zs/Za<8、が満たされ、
前記リチウム複合酸化物のX線回折パターンが、回折角2θが18°以上20°以下の範囲内に第1の最大ピークを示し、かつ、回折角2θが43°以上46°以下の範囲内に第2の最大ピークを示し、
前記第2の最大ピークの積分強度I(43°-46°)に対する前記第1の最大ピークの積分強度I(18°-20°)の比I(18°-20°)/I(43°-46°)が、0.05≦I(18°-20°)/I(43°-46°)≦0.90、を満たす、
正極活物質。 - 1.4≦Zs/Za≦7.8、を満たす、
請求項1に記載の正極活物質。 - 前記リチウム複合酸化物は、空間群C2/m、R-3m、またはFd-3mに属する結晶構造を有する相を含む、
請求項1または2に記載の正極活物質。 - 前記相の前記結晶構造は、空間群C2/mに属する、
請求項3に記載の正極活物質。 - 前記リチウム複合酸化物は、空間群Fm-3mに属する結晶構造を有する別の相をさらに含む、
請求項3または4に記載の正極活物質。 - 前記リチウム複合酸化物は、マンガン、コバルト、ニッケル、およびアルミニウムより選択される少なくとも1種を含有する、
請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の正極活物質。 - 前記リチウム複合酸化物は、マンガンを含有する、
請求項6に記載の正極活物質。 - 前記リチウム複合酸化物の前記平均組成は、下記の式で表される、
請求項1から7のいずれか1項に記載の正極活物質。
LixMeyOαFβ
ここで、前記Meは、Mn、Co、Ni、Fe、Cu、V、Nb、Mo、Ti、Cr、Zr、Zn、Na、K、Ca、Mg、Pt、Au、Ag、Ru、W、B、Si、P、およびAlからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種であり、かつ、
1.05≦x≦1.4、
0.6≦y≦0.95、
1.2≦α<2、および
0<β≦0.8、
を満たす。 - 前記Meは、Mnを、前記Meに対して50モル%以上含む、
請求項8に記載の正極活物質。 - 1.15≦x≦1.25、および
0.75≦y≦0.85、
を満たす、
請求項8または9に記載の正極活物質。 - 1.33≦α≦1.9、および
0.1≦β≦0.67、
を満たす、
請求項8から10のいずれか1項に記載の正極活物質。 - 前記リチウム複合酸化物を、主成分として含む、
請求項1から11のいずれか1項に記載の正極活物質。 - 請求項1から12のいずれか1項に記載の正極活物質を含む正極と、
負極と、
電解質と、を備える、
電池。 - 前記負極は、リチウムイオンを吸蔵および放出しうる負極活物質、または、リチウム金属を負極活物質として溶解および析出させうる材料を含み、
前記電解質は、非水電解液である、
請求項13に記載の電池。 - 前記負極は、リチウムイオンを吸蔵および放出しうる負極活物質、または、リチウム金属を負極活物質として溶解および析出させうる材料を含み、
前記電解質は、固体電解質である、
請求項13に記載の電池。
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