JP6601156B2 - Double glazing - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a multilayer glass in which a gas is enclosed inside used as a window glass material of a building, and particularly relates to a multilayer glass having a low radiation function layer on the surface of a glass plate.

  The multi-layer glass generally has a configuration in which a plurality of glass plates are spaced apart using a spacer, and a hollow layer that is a sealed space is formed by the glass plate and the spacer. The multi-layer glass has a hollow layer to improve heat insulation performance, and has advantages such as prevention of dew condensation and reduction of the load on the indoor side air conditioning, and is therefore widely used by being incorporated in a building window member. The multilayer glass as described above can provide various effects such as improvement of heat insulation performance and improvement of sound insulation performance by enclosing a gas other than air in the hollow layer.

  For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a multi-layer glass in which heat insulation performance is improved by enclosing a hollow layer with a thickness that does not cause convection and enclosing a gas that has a lower thermal conductivity and a higher molecular weight than air. Has been. In this document, an inert gas such as Kr or Xe is cited as the gas.

  Moreover, in order to improve the sound insulation performance, the present applicant discloses a double-layer glass in which Ne gas is sealed in a hollow layer in Patent Document 2. In general, if a gas lighter than air, such as Ne gas, is encapsulated in a hollow layer, there is a potential problem that the heat insulation performance of the double-glazed glass deteriorates, so it is essentially difficult to achieve both heat insulation performance and sound insulation performance. In this document, by reducing the thickness of the hollow layer, the thickness of the glass plate, and the like to the optimum range, the above problem is solved by suppressing a decrease in heat insulation performance.

  In addition to enclosing a specific gas in the hollow layer as described above, the emissivity from the multilayer glass was lowered by forming an infrared reflective film or film having a low radiation function on the surface of the glass plate. Multi-layer glass is also becoming popular in recent years. For example, Patent Document 3 discloses a multi-layered film containing Ag obtained by a sputtering method as a film having a low radiation function (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “low radiation film”). The low emission film as described above is generally formed on the surface of the glass plate facing the hollow layer of the multilayer glass.

  Patent Documents 4 and 5 disclose a glass in which a heat ray reflective film having a function of reflecting infrared rays is formed on a glass plate using a film made of a metal oxide or a metal nitride using a sputtering method. Has been.

  Further, Patent Document 6 discloses a multi-layer glass in which the heat insulation performance is improved by applying a low radiation coating having a vertical emissivity of 0.35 or less to the glass plate surface facing the room. This document discloses that the heat insulation performance can be further improved by sealing Ar gas or Kr gas in the hollow layer.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-19498 JP 2012-51783 A International Publication WO2012 / 165501 JP-A-11-157880 JP 2001-81547 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-120447

  In order to reduce the load of air conditioning, high heat insulation is required for the window glass material of buildings. For this reason, the double-glazed glass as described above is widespread, but in recent years, there is an increasing demand for improvement in sound insulation performance. However, as described above, a gas lighter than air having a high sound insulation performance (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a sound insulation gas) has a low heat insulation performance, and there is a problem that it is difficult to achieve both the sound insulation performance and the heat insulation performance.

  In order to improve the heat insulation performance, it is a simple method to increase the thickness of the hollow layer, but due to the limitation of the sash etc. where the double glazing is installed, it is difficult to improve the heat insulation performance depending on the structure of the window There was also. Moreover, in order to improve the above-described sound insulation performance, it is necessary to limit the thickness of the hollow layer to a predetermined thickness or less in order to suppress the resonance transmission phenomenon inherent to the multilayer glass. Furthermore, there was a problem that it was difficult to improve the heat insulation performance.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to obtain a multilayer glass capable of imparting heat insulation performance even when a sound insulating gas is used or when the thickness of the hollow layer is limited.

  When the present inventors examined the above requirements, in the double-glazed glass in which a sound insulating gas such as Ne gas or He gas was sealed, the hollow as shown in FIG. It was found that even if a low radiation film was provided on the surface of the glass plate facing the layer, the range of improvement in the heat transmissivity U, which is an index of heat insulation performance, was small and the performance was not sufficient for practical use. However, as shown in FIG. 1A, when a low radiation film is provided on the surface of the glass plate facing the room, the heat insulation performance is greatly improved, and compared with the configuration of FIG. 1B described above. It was also found that the heat insulation performance was significantly improved. On the other hand, in the partially double-glazed glass having the same configuration in which the gas for improving the heat insulating performance such as Ar gas and Kr gas is enclosed, the heat insulating performance is lowered as compared with the double-glazed glass shown in FIG. I also found the phenomenon.

  As a result of further studies based on the findings, a layer having a low radiation function is provided on the surface of the glass plate facing the room, and only when the thermal resistance value of the hollow layer is within a specific range, It has been clarified that the heat insulating performance is improved as compared with the double-glazed glass and the double-glazed glass formed on the surface of the glass plate where the low radiation film faces the hollow layer.

That is, according to the present invention, in a multi-layer glass having a hollow layer in which a gas is sealed between two glass plates used as a window glass material for a building, the thermal resistance value of the hollow layer is 0.26 m ² · K / W. It is the following, It is a multilayer glass characterized by having a low radiation function layer in the surface farthest from the incident surface of sunlight among four surfaces of two glass plates.

The thermal resistance value is the reciprocal of the gas thermal conductance h _g measured by a method according to JIS R3107. The gas thermal conductance h _g is h _g = C · (λ / s) [C: convection effect coefficient, λ: gas thermal conductivity (W / m · K), s: thickness of hollow layer (m)] Since the convection does not occur in the multilayer glass of the present invention, C = 1 is set.

In order to set the thermal resistance value to 0.26 m ² · K / W or less, it is possible to use a gas having a high gas thermal conductivity or to reduce the thickness of the hollow layer. It was found that the improvement rate of the heat insulation performance increases as the thickness of the hollow layer is reduced. That is, when the multilayer glass structure of the present invention is used, the heat insulation performance can be improved even when the thickness of the hollow layer is limited.

  By this invention, it became possible to improve the heat insulation of the multilayer glass with which the sound insulation gas was enclosed. Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to impart heat insulation performance even when the thickness of the hollow layer is limited.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a simplified diagram of a multilayer glass, (a) one of the embodiments of the multilayer glass of the present invention and (b) an example of a conventional multilayer glass. It is a figure explaining the 1st-4th surface of two glass plates of a multilayer glass.

The present invention relates to a multi-layer glass having a hollow layer in which a gas is sealed between two glass plates used as a window glass material of a building, and the thermal resistance value of the hollow layer is 0.26 m ² · K / W or less. The multilayer glass is characterized by having a low radiation function layer on the surface farthest from the sunlight incident surface among the four surfaces of the two glass plates.

  Moreover, in this specification, the glass plate surface of a multilayer glass is described as a 1st surface, a 2nd surface, a 3rd surface, and a 4th surface, as shown in FIG. The first surface is the most outdoor surface, and the fourth surface is the most indoor surface. In addition, the second surface is a surface in contact with the hollow layer of the glass plate installed on the outdoor side, and in a multi-layer glass in which a low radiation film is formed, a configuration in which the low radiation film is formed on the second surface is common. It is. The third surface is a surface in contact with the hollow layer of the glass plate installed on the indoor side.

  The multilayer glass of the present invention has a low radiation function layer on the fourth surface of the glass plate. The above-mentioned “having a low radiation function layer on the surface” means that a substance having a low radiation function is distributed from the surface of the glass plate to the inside of the plate thickness even if a film or film having a low radiation function is in contact with the surface of the glass plate. You may do it. Further, “on the surface” means a state in contact with the surface of the glass plate.

In the present invention, the thermal conductivity of a multi-layer glass having a low radiation function layer on the second surface of the glass plate as shown in FIG. 1B is the same as that of the glass plate as shown in FIG. The case where the value of the heat transmissivity of the configuration having the low radiation function layer on the four surfaces becomes small is regarded as “the heat insulation performance is improved”. The heat transmissivity U (W / m ² · K) is a value calculated by a method according to JIS R3107, and the smaller the value of the heat transmissivity, the higher the heat insulation performance. Further, in the embodiment, low-radiation functional layer two glass plates fourth surface heat transfer coefficient of the formed structure on U _{4 of,} to form a low emissivity functional layer on the second surface of the two glass plates thermal transmittance _{U 2} configuration, the seeking _was calculated rate of improvement in heat insulation performance from the _{(U 2 -U 4) / U} 2 × 100. When the improvement rate of the heat insulation performance is preferably 0.4% or more, the heat insulation performance may be improved. More preferably, it may be 1.0% or more.

  The low radiation functional layer of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it has a lower vertical emissivity than a general glass plate. The vertical emissivity is a value measured by a method according to JIS R3106, and the normal emissivity of the surface of a general glass plate having no low-radiation function layer is 0.89. The vertical emissivity of the low radiation functional layer is smaller than the above 0.89, and preferably 0.7 or less. In addition, the low radiation film which is a multi-layer film using Ag as described above generally has a vertical emissivity of 0.20 or less, and a heat ray reflective film using a metal oxide film, a metal nitride, or the like is used. The vertical emissivity is about 0.3 to 0.7.

(Multilayer glass)
As shown in FIG. 1 (a), a multi-layer glass is a glass plate in which a plurality of glass plates are opposed to each other at a predetermined interval via a spacer, and the peripheral edge of the glass plate is sealed. By sealing with a material, the region surrounded by the spacer and the glass plate is sealed. The number of the glass plates of the present invention is preferably 2 in order to more effectively obtain heat insulation performance.

  In addition, the double-glazed glass of the present invention is incorporated into a sash or the like as a window glass material of a building, and one surface of the double-glazed glass faces outdoors and the opposite surface faces indoors. However, it may be used as a glass panel such as an indoor partition plate.

  Below, each structure of suitable embodiment of the multilayer glass of this invention is demonstrated, referring Fig.1 (a).

(Glass plates 1, 2)
Two glass plates, an outdoor side glass plate 1 and an indoor side glass plate 2, are used. The outdoor side glass plate 1 and the indoor side glass plate 2 may be the same glass plate or different glass plates.

  The type of glass plate to be used is not particularly limited, for example, float glass plate, tempered glass plate, colored glass plate, netted glass plate, laminated glass with a resin interlayer sandwiched between glass plates, and the like, The glass plate often used for a well-known multilayer glass can be used.

  The glass plate is preferably a plate-like glass having a thickness of 2 mm or more and 25 mm or less, which is used as a general architectural glass plate (for example, a glass plate described in JIS R3202). However, the thickness is not limited, and a thinner glass plate or a thicker glass plate can be used.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the outdoor side glass plate 1 and the indoor side glass plate 2 are glass plates from which plate | board thickness differs. When the plate thickness is approximately the same, the coincidence limit frequency of the two glass plates overlaps, and the sound insulation performance may be extremely deteriorated at the frequency. In addition, the resonance transmission phenomenon that occurs between the glass plates arranged in parallel is emphasized, and the decrease in sound transmission loss at the resonance transmission frequency may increase.

  When glass plates having different thicknesses are used as described above, two glass plates obtained by the formula (thickness of the glass plate having the smaller thickness) / (thickness of the glass plate having the larger thickness) It is possible to improve the sound insulation performance by adopting a configuration in which the thickness ratio X is 0.55 ≦ X ≦ 0.90.

(Low radiation function layer)
The low radiation functional layer 3 is formed on the surface farthest from the incident surface of sunlight among the four surfaces of the two glass plates, and as described above, the vertical emissivity is higher than that of a general glass plate. If it is a low thing, it will not specifically limit. Moreover, it is preferable that the vertical emissivity measured by the method based on JIS R3106 is 0.7 or less. More preferably, it is 0.5 or less, and more preferably 0.35 or less. In (a) of FIG. 1, it forms on the surface (4th surface) of the indoor side most of the indoor side glass plate 2. In FIG.

  The low radiation function layer 3 may be formed on the glass plate surface (second surface, third surface) in contact with the hollow layer 4 after being formed on the fourth surface of the two glass plates. According to the study by the inventors, in the multi-layer glass in which the low radiation function layer 3 is formed on the fourth surface of the glass plate, when the low radiation function layer 3 is added to the second surface and the third surface of the glass plate, further heat insulation performance Was found to improve. However, the improvement rate of the heat insulation performance is not so high as compared with the case where the low radiation function layer 3 is formed on the fourth surface. Here, it is generally known that the low-radiation functional layer 3 has a better thermal insulation performance as the vertical emissivity is lower, but has a tendency to impair the daylighting property because the visible light transmittance is lowered. Since the demand for daylighting is still high in the window glass material for construction, it is preferable that the hollow layer 4 does not contact the low radiation function layer 3. Specifically, it is preferable to form the low radiation functional layer 3 only on the surface farthest from the sunlight incident surface among the four surfaces of the two glass plates.

  The low radiation function layer 3 is preferably a film including at least one selected from the group consisting of metals, metal oxides, and metal nitrides. Examples of the film as described above include a single film formed by a sputtering method, a CVD method, a powder method, a spray method, a vapor deposition method, and a plurality of types of laminated films. Constituent components of the film include metals such as Ag and Al, metal oxides including Zn, Ga, Ti, Sn, Si, Ta, Al, In, Ni, Cr, and Zr, metal nitrides, and the above metals. Examples include alloys, alloy oxides, alloy nitrides, and the like.

  In addition to the above film, a resin film that reflects infrared light may be used. In recent years, demands for renovation and the like have increased, and by using the resin film as described above, it is possible to improve the heat insulation performance by a simple method. Examples of the resin film as described above include a resin film on which the above-described metal film, metal oxide film, metal nitride film or the like is formed, a laminated film in which a plurality of resins having different refractive indexes are laminated, a liquid crystal film, and the like. .

(Hollow layer)
The hollow layer 4 is an area surrounded by the spacer 5, the outdoor side glass plate 1, and the indoor side glass plate 2, and is filled with gas. The present invention improves the heat insulation performance by setting the thermal resistance value of the hollow layer 4 to 0.26 m ² · K / W or less, but in order to make it within the above numerical range, The thickness of the hollow layer 4 needs to be within a specific range. Further, the heat resistance is preferably 0.25m ² · K / W or less, more preferably be less 0.23m ² · K / W. Further, as described above, the thermal resistance is the inverse of the gaseous heat conductance h _g as measured by a method conforming to JIS R3107, the gas heat conductance h _g is can be calculated by the following equation. In the present invention, C = 1 because no convection occurs.
h _g = C · (λ / s)
[C: coefficient of convection effect, λ: gas thermal conductivity (W / m · K), s: thickness of hollow layer (m)]

Examples of the gas to be used include Kr, Ar, He, Ne, Xe, CO ₂ , N ₂ , and SF _6. From the viewpoint of heat insulation performance and sound insulation performance, particularly Kr, Ar, He, and Ne are used. Is preferred. The gas thermal conductivity λ of the gas is in the order of He>Ne>Ar> Kr, and the gas thermal conductivity λ of air is smaller than Ne and larger than Ar.

  He and Ne are gases that are lighter than air and are generally used as sound insulating gases. Therefore, it is preferable to use the above gas when sound insulation performance is imparted to the multilayer glass. The above gas may be used alone or in combination of two or more, and any gas may be used as long as the performance is not significantly impaired.

  In the case of enclosing He, it is preferable that the thickness of the hollow layer 4 is 36 mm or less in order to make the thermal resistance value of the hollow layer 4 equal to or less than the value described above. More preferably, it may be 32 mm or less. Further, He is a gas having a high sound insulation performance, and the sound insulation performance is significantly improved only by being contained in the hollow layer 4, so the lower limit value is not particularly limited, but preferably 0.5 mm or more, more preferably May be 1 mm or more. Moreover, in order to make sound insulation performance suitable, it is preferable that the thickness of the hollow layer 4 is 12 mm or less.

  When Ne is enclosed, in order to make the thermal resistance value of the hollow layer 4 equal to or less than the above-described value, the thickness of the hollow layer is preferably set to 12 mm or less. More preferably, it may be 11 mm or less. The lower limit value is not particularly limited, but may be 2 mm or more, for example. Moreover, in order to make sound insulation performance suitable, it is preferable to set it as 6 mm or more and 12 mm or less. Therefore, in order to achieve both sound insulation performance and heat insulation performance, the lower limit value is preferably 6 mm or more, and the upper limit value is preferably 12 mm or less, more preferably 11 mm or less.

  Kr and Ar are heavier than air and are generally used as gases having high heat insulation performance. As a general multilayer glass, those having a hollow layer 4 having a thickness of 6 mm or 12 mm are widely used. However, Kr and Ar are used for the above thickness, and low radiation is applied to the fourth surface of two glass plates. When the functional layer 3 was formed, it turned out that heat insulation performance becomes low compared with the structure which provided the low radiation | emission functional layer 3 in the 2nd surface of two glass plates like before.

  When encapsulating Ar, it is preferable to set the thickness of the hollow layer to 4 mm or less in order to make the thermal resistance value of the hollow layer 4 equal to or less than the value described above. Moreover, when enclosing Kr, it is preferable to set it as 2.5 mm or less. If the above upper limit is exceeded, the heat insulating performance will be lower than when the low radiation function layer 3 is formed on the second surface of the two glass plates when the structure of the present invention is used. Not suitable.

(spacer)
The spacer 5 is installed between the outdoor side glass plate 1 and the indoor side glass plate 2, and the hollow layer 4 surrounded by the spacer 5, the outdoor side glass plate 1, and the indoor side glass plate 2 is provided. Form. The spacer 5 has a desiccant 6 inside and is fixed to the peripheral portion of the glass plate via a primary sealant 8. The spacer 5 is installed along the side of the glass plate, and the spacer 5 installed along the horizontal direction and the vertical direction of the glass plate is connected with a corner member (not shown). To fix the position.

  The spacer 5 is widely made of aluminum. However, a resin, a resin composite material having a low thermal conductivity, a composite material of aluminum and resin, or the like may be used in order to improve heat insulation. Examples of the resin to be used include a resin mainly composed of vinyl chloride to which a phthalic acid compound or a phosphoric acid compound is added as a plasticizer and a metal organic acid compound is added as a stabilizer.

(Seal material)
The sealing material is an adhesive that bonds at least the outdoor side glass plate 1 and the indoor side glass plate 2. In the case of FIGS. 1A and 1B, since the spacer 5 is sandwiched between the glass plates, the glass plate and the spacer 5 are bonded. At this time, the adhesive between the glass plate and the spacer 5 is provided so as to seal the gap between the primary sealant 7 and the outer periphery of the spacer 5 and the outdoor side glass plate 1 and the indoor side glass plate 2. Is a secondary sealant 8. Generally, polyisobutylene resin or the like is used as the primary seal material 7, and polysulfide resin or silicone resin is used as the secondary seal material 8.

Examples , Reference Examples and Comparative Examples of the present invention are shown below. As shown in FIG. 1A, the multi-layer glass has a structure in which the low radiation function layer 3 is formed on the fourth surface of the two glass plates, and 2 as shown in FIG. The structure which formed the low radiation functional layer on the 2nd surface of the sheet of glass was each created. The thickness of each glass plate and the thickness of the hollow layer are as described in Tables 1 to 3.

  The glass plate used is a general float plate glass (300 mm × 300 mm), a glass with a film in which the low radiation function layer 3 is formed on the surface of the float plate glass, and the spacer 5 is an aluminum filled with zeolite as a desiccant 6 inside. All members were integrated using a butyl rubber primary sealant 7 between the spacer 5 and the glass plate, and a polysulfide sealant secondary sealant on the outer periphery of the spacer 5. . After the integration, the air inside the hollow layer 4 was replaced with a desired gas to obtain samples. As the low radiation function layer 3, a low radiation film and a heat ray reflective film formed by a sputtering method were used. As the low radiation film and the heat ray reflective film, existing laminated films having vertical emissivities of 0.16, 0.50, and 0.70, respectively, were used.

The thermal conductivity U (W / m ² · K) of the obtained multilayer glass was determined by a method based on JIS R3106. The heat transmissivity U can be obtained from the vertical emissivity measured by a method according to JIS R3107, the thickness of the glass plate, and the thermal resistance value of the hollow layer. Thermal transmissivity U ₄ having a structure in which the low radiation function layer 3 is formed on the fourth surface of the two glass plates, and heat conduction current having a configuration in which the low radiation function layer 3 is formed on the second surface of the two glass plates The rate U ₂ was calculated, and the improvement rate of the heat insulation performance was calculated from (U ₂ −U ₄ ) / U ₂ × 100.

  Moreover, when calculating | requiring a thermal resistance value, gas thermal conductivity of each gas was made into He 0.1464, Ne 0.04693, Ar 0.01765, Kr 0.0106.

Example 1, Reference Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 use He gas for the results in Table 1, Example 2, Reference Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 use Ne gas for the results in Table 2, Reference Example 3 and Comparative Example 3 shows the results using Ar gas, and Table 3 shows the results, and Reference Example 4 and Comparative Example 4 show the results using Kr gas.

As described above, the multi-layer glass in which the thermal resistance of the hollow layer is 0.26 m ² · K / W or less and the low radiation function layer is formed on the fourth surface of the glass plate forms the low radiation function layer on the second surface. It was found that the heat insulation performance was improved from the multilayer glass. Moreover, the heat insulation performance was further improved by reducing the vertical emissivity of the low radiation functional layer. In addition, it has been clarified that the improvement rate of the heat insulation performance is particularly high in He gas and Ne gas which are sound insulating gases which are usually difficult to improve the heat insulation performance.

On the other hand, when the thermal resistance of the hollow layer exceeds 0.26 m ² · K / W, the improvement rate of the heat insulation performance is about 0.1%, which is not a very significant difference, or conversely decreases. The phenomenon that it ends up was seen.

1: outdoor side glass plate, 2: indoor side glass plate, 3: low radiation function layer, 4: hollow layer, 5: spacer, 6: desiccant, 7: primary sealant, 8: secondary sealant, 9 : Multi-layer glass

Claims (4)

In the double-glazed glass having a hollow layer in which gas is sealed between two glass plates on the indoor side and the outdoor side, which are incorporated into a sash as a window glass material of a building,
The hollow layer has a thermal resistance value (however, the thermal resistance value is the reciprocal of the gas thermal conductance h _g measured by a method according to JIS R3107, and the formula h _g = C · (λ / s) [C: Convection effect coefficient, λ: gas thermal conductivity (W / m · K), s: thickness of hollow layer (m)]) is 0.23 m ² where C in the formula is 1 where convection does not occur.・ K / W or less,
Of the four surfaces of the two glass plates, the low radiation function layer is provided on the four surfaces that are the farthest from the sunlight incident surface,
The low radiation functional layer has a vertical emissivity measured by a method according to JIS R3106 of 0.5 or less,
The heat insulation performance based on the heat transmissivity U ₄ calculated by a method according to JIS R3107 is the heat when the low radiation function layer is provided on two surfaces which are in contact with the hollow layer of the glass plate installed on the outdoor side. A multilayer glass characterized by being expressed as a ratio with respect to the flow-through rate U ₂ , that is, an improvement rate calculated by the formula (U ₂ −U ₄ ) / U ₂ × 100, and is 1.9% or more. The multilayer glass according to claim 1, wherein the gas is at least one selected from the group consisting of He and Ne. The multilayer glass according to claim 1, wherein the gas is at least one selected from the group consisting of Kr and Ar. The two glass plates are glass plates having different thicknesses, and are obtained by the formula of (thickness of the glass plate having the smaller thickness) / (thickness of the glass plate having the larger thickness). The multilayer glass according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the thickness ratio X of the glass plates satisfies 0.55≤X≤0.90.

Images