JP6566584B2 - リチウム二次電池の製造方法及びそれを用いて製造されるリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池の製造方法及びそれを用いて製造されるリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6566584B2 JP6566584B2 JP2017522624A JP2017522624A JP6566584B2 JP 6566584 B2 JP6566584 B2 JP 6566584B2 JP 2017522624 A JP2017522624 A JP 2017522624A JP 2017522624 A JP2017522624 A JP 2017522624A JP 6566584 B2 JP6566584 B2 JP 6566584B2
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- secondary battery
- lithium secondary
- voltage
- activation process
- manufacturing
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 48
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 46
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 23
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 claims description 63
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- -1 CO 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052699 polonium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 36
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 20
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
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- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QEXMICRJPVUPSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium manganese(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mn+2].[Li+] QEXMICRJPVUPSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910015645 LiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxonickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni]=O URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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Description
(1−x)LiM’O2−yAy−xLi2−wEwMn1−zM1zO3−y’Ay’ (1)
上記式中、
M’は、MnaMbであり;
Mは、Ni、Ti、Co、Al、Cu、Fe、Mg、V、B、Cr、Zr、Zn及び2周期の遷移金属からなる群から選択される1つ以上であり;
M1は、Ru、Mo、Nb、Te、Re、Ti、Zr、Ir、Pt、Cr、S、W、Os、及びPoからなる群から選択される1つ以上であり;
Eは、アルカリ金属であり;
Aは、PO4、BO3、CO3、F及びNO3のアニオンからなる群から選択される1つ以上であり;
0<x<1;0≦y≦0.02;0≦y’≦0.02;0<z≦0.6;0≦w≦0.5;0≦a≦0.5;0.5≦b≦1.0;a+b=1である。
4.0−kDr≦Vr≦4.8−kDr (I)
前記において、
kは、電圧降下定数であって、0.3≦k≦0.6であり;
Drは、M1のドーピング量(z)である。
Va=Vs.a−kDr (II)
前記において、
Vs.aは、M1がドープされていない標準活性電圧であって、4.3≦Vs.a≦4.5であり;
k及びDrは、式(I)と同様である。
4.2−kDr≦Vr≦4.6−kDr (IV)
前記において、
kは、電圧降下定数であって、0.3≦k≦0.6であり;
Drは、M1のドーピング量(z)である。
5−k’Dr≦Nr≦20−k’Dr (III)
前記において、
Nrは、前記条件(III)の範囲内の整数であり;
k’は、回数減少定数であって、3≦k’≦8であり;
Drは、M1のドーピング量(z)である。
6−k’Dr≦Nr≦18−k’Dr (V)
前記において、
Nrは、前記条件(V)の範囲内の整数であり;
k’は、回数減少定数であって、3≦k’≦8であり;
Drは、M1のドーピング量(z)である。
リチウム二次電池の製造
正極活物質として0.5LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2−0.5Li2Mn0.7Ru0.3O390重量%、導電材として天然黒鉛5.0重量%、バインダーとしてPVdF5.0重量%を溶剤であるNMPに入れてミキシング(mixing)して、正極合剤を製造し、20μmの厚さのアルミニウム箔に前記正極合剤を200μmの厚さでコーティングした後、圧延及び乾燥して、正極を製造した。
上記のように製造されたリチウム二次電池を、0.1Cの条件で4.5Vで充電した後、4.1Vに放電する過程を15回行った。
前記実施例1において、正極活物質として0.5LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2−0.5Li2Mn0.4Ru0.6O390重量%を使用してリチウム二次電池を製造し、その活性化過程を、0.1Cの条件で4.4Vで充電した後、4.0Vに放電する過程を10回行った以外は、実施例1と同様に製造した。
前記実施例1において、正極活物質として0.5LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2−0.5Li2Mn0.4Ru0.9O390重量%を使用してリチウム二次電池を製造し、その活性化過程を、0.1Cの条件で4.3Vで充電した後、3.9Vに放電する過程を5回行った以外は、実施例1と同様に製造した。
前記実施例1において、正極活物質として0.5LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2−0.5Li2MnO390重量%を使用してリチウム二次電池を製造し、その活性化過程を、0.1Cの条件で4.6Vで充電した後、4.2Vに放電する過程を20回行った以外は、実施例1と同様に製造した。
前記実施例1及び2、及び比較例1及び2で製造されたリチウム二次電池の情報(酸化/還元による可逆理論容量、活性化による酸素発生理論容量など)、及びこれらを活性化過程の後、0.1Cの条件で4.6V〜2.5Vの電圧領域で充電及び放電を行い、プラトー(plateau)以前容量、1番目の放電容量及び効率を確認し、これを、下記図1及び表1に示す。
Claims (10)
- 正極活物質を含むリチウム二次電池を製造する方法であって、
前記正極活物質は、下記化学式1で表される化合物から選択された1つ以上のリチウム遷移金属酸化物を含み、
下記化学式1のM1のドーピング量に応じて充放電の電圧範囲及び回数を異ならせてリチウム二次電池の活性化過程を行い、
前記活性化過程の充放電の電圧(V r )範囲は、正極電位を基準として下式(I)の条件を満足する範囲であり、
4.0−kD r ≦V r ≦4.8−kD r (I)
前記において、
kは、電圧降下定数であって、0.3≦k≦0.6であり、
D r は、M 1 のドーピング量(z)であり、
前記活性化過程の充放電の回数(N r )は、下式(III)の条件を満足する範囲であり、
5−k’D r ≦N r ≦20−k’D r (III)
前記において、
N r は、前記条件(III)の範囲内の整数であり、
k’は、回数減少定数であって、3≦k’≦8であり、
D r は、M 1 のドーピング量(z)であることを特徴とする、リチウム二次電池の製造方法:
(1−x)LiM’O2−yAy−xLi2−wEwMn1−zM1zO3−y’Ay’ (1)
上記式中、
M’は、MnaMbであり、
Mは、Ni、Ti、Co、Al、Cu、Fe、Mg、V、B、Cr、Zr、Zn及び2周期の遷移金属からなる群から選択される1つ以上であり、
M1は、Ru、Mo、Nb、Te、Re、Ti、Zr、Ir、Pt、Cr、S、W、Os、及びPoからなる群から選択される1つ以上であり、
Eは、アルカリ金属であり、
Aは、PO4、BO3、CO3、F及びNO3のアニオンからなる群から選択される1つ以上であり、
0<x<1、0≦y≦0.02、0≦y’≦0.02、0<z≦0.6、0≦w≦0.5、0≦a≦0.5、0.5≦b≦1.0、a+b=1である。 - 前記M1は、Ru、Mo、S、W、Os、及びPoからなる群から選択される1つ以上であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池の製造方法。
- 前記M1はRuであることを特徴とする、請求項2に記載のリチウム二次電池の製造方法。
- 前記活性化過程の充電電圧は、リチウム遷移金属酸化物のLi2Mn1−zM1zO3−y’Ay’が電気化学反応を起こし始める電圧(活性電圧:Va)以上〜4.8−kDr(V)以下であり、
前記活性化過程の放電電圧は、4.0−kDr(V)以上〜活性電圧(Va)未満であることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池の製造方法。 - 前記活性電圧(Va)は、下式(II)の条件を満足する範囲であることを特徴とする、請求項4に記載のリチウム二次電池の製造方法:
Va=Vs.a−kDr (II)
前記において、
Vs.aは、M1がドープされていない標準活性電圧であって、4.3≦Vs.a≦4.5であり、
k及びDrは、式(I)と同様である。 - 前記活性化過程は、充電及び放電を繰り返すことによって発生したガスを除去する過程をさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池の製造方法。
- 前記ガスを除去する過程は、複数回の充放電が全て終わった活性化過程の最後の段階で行われることを特徴とする、請求項6に記載のリチウム二次電池の製造方法。
- 前記ガスを除去する過程は、活性化過程の中間段階及び最後の段階でそれぞれ行われることを特徴とする、請求項6に記載のリチウム二次電池の製造方法。
- 前記化学式において、前記M’の濃度が粒子の半径方向に濃度勾配を有し、前記Li2Mn1−zM1zO3−y’Ay’成分と前記LiM’O2−yAy成分の全体濃度に対する前記Li2Mn1−zM1zO3−y’Ay’成分の濃度が粒子の半径方向に濃度勾配を有し、前記Li2Mn1−zM1zO3−y’Ay’成分の濃度が、粒子の中心部に比べて粒子の表面部で高いことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池の製造方法。
- 前記化学式において、前記M’は、粒子の中心部ではNi1−x1−y1Cox1Mny1(0≦1−x1−y1≦0.9、0.1≦x1≦0.8、0≦y1≦0.3)であり、粒子の表面部ではNi1−x2−y2Cox2Mny2(0≦1−x2−y2≦0.9、0≦x2≦0.5、0.2≦y2≦0.5)で表され、前記Ni、Mn、及びCoの濃度が粒子の半径方向に濃度勾配を有し、y1≦y2、x2≦x1の関係を満足することを特徴とする、請求項9に記載のリチウム二次電池の製造方法。
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KR102617870B1 (ko) * | 2018-07-25 | 2023-12-22 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 리튬 이차전지용 리튬 금속의 전처리 방법 |
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US20130078518A1 (en) * | 2010-11-17 | 2013-03-28 | Uchicago Argonne, Llc | Electrode Structures and Surfaces For Li Batteries |
JP2012195126A (ja) * | 2011-03-16 | 2012-10-11 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | リチウムイオン二次電池の前処理方法 |
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KR20130111834A (ko) | 2012-04-02 | 2013-10-11 | 삼성정밀화학 주식회사 | 리튬이온 이차전지 및 그것의 제조방법 |
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JP5813800B2 (ja) * | 2013-03-26 | 2015-11-17 | 株式会社東芝 | 非水電解質電池および電池パック |
KR101629482B1 (ko) * | 2013-07-31 | 2016-06-10 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 활성화 공정 중 전지를 가압하는 리튬 이차전지의 제조방법 |
KR101837586B1 (ko) * | 2013-10-31 | 2018-03-12 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 리튬 이차전지의 제조방법 및 그 방법에 의해 제조된 리튬 이차전지 |
DE102013226011A1 (de) * | 2013-12-16 | 2015-06-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Elektrodenmaterial für eine Lithium-Zelle |
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US10418670B2 (en) | 2019-09-17 |
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