JP5735761B2 - Toxic substance decontamination equipment - Google Patents
Toxic substance decontamination equipment Download PDFInfo
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- JP5735761B2 JP5735761B2 JP2010166978A JP2010166978A JP5735761B2 JP 5735761 B2 JP5735761 B2 JP 5735761B2 JP 2010166978 A JP2010166978 A JP 2010166978A JP 2010166978 A JP2010166978 A JP 2010166978A JP 5735761 B2 JP5735761 B2 JP 5735761B2
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- 238000005202 decontamination Methods 0.000 title claims description 145
- 230000003588 decontaminative effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 123
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 title claims description 45
- 231100000167 toxic agent Toxicity 0.000 title claims description 26
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical group OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 137
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 112
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 69
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 45
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical group [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007791 dehumidification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001784 detoxification Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 37
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000005949 Malathion Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- JXSJBGJIGXNWCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(SP(=S)(OC)OC)C(=O)OCC JXSJBGJIGXNWCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229960000453 malathion Drugs 0.000 description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 6
- QKSKPIVNLNLAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide Chemical compound ClCCSCCCl QKSKPIVNLNLAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 210000005036 nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000003053 toxin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 231100000765 toxin Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 108700012359 toxins Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108030001720 Bontoxilysin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=O YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000607626 Vibrio cholerae Species 0.000 description 2
- 208000003152 Yellow Fever Diseases 0.000 description 2
- PBNSPNYJYOYWTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N adamsite Chemical compound C1=CC=C2[As](Cl)C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 PBNSPNYJYOYWTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 230000003474 anti-emetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002111 antiemetic agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940125683 antiemetic agent Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940053031 botulinum toxin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- QPJDMGCKMHUXFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyanogen chloride Chemical compound ClC#N QPJDMGCKMHUXFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 peroxy compound Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940118696 vibrio cholerae Drugs 0.000 description 2
- KVGZZAHHUNAVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxin Chemical compound O1C=COC=C1 KVGZZAHHUNAVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010003497 Asphyxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101001031591 Mus musculus Heart- and neural crest derivatives-expressed protein 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910001361 White metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940088623 biologically active substance Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002013 dioxins Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002895 emetic Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010969 white metal Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Apparatus For Disinfection Or Sterilisation (AREA)
Description
本発明は、有毒物質の除染装置に関し、特に、有毒物質に汚染された被汚染物を反応性の酸化剤雰囲気で除染する有毒物質の除染装置に関する。 The present invention relates to removal SomeSo location of toxic substances, in particular, it relates to the contaminated material contaminated with toxic substances removal SomeSo location toxicants decontaminating an oxidizing agent atmosphere reactive.
有毒物質は、一般に、コレラ菌等のバクテリア、ボツリヌス毒素等の毒素、黄熱病等のウイルスを含む生物系有毒物質と、ＶＸガス等の神経作用剤、マスタードガス等のびらん剤、ホスゲン等の窒息剤、塩化シアン等の血液作用剤、アダムサイト等の嘔吐剤を含む化学系有毒物質と、に分類される。これらの有毒物質に汚染された被汚染物の多くは、種々の酸化剤により、不活性化又は無害化されて除染される（例えば、特許文献１〜特許文献３参照）。 Toxic substances generally include bacteria such as Vibrio cholerae, toxins such as botulinum toxin, biological toxic substances including viruses such as yellow fever, nerve agents such as VX gas, erosive agents such as mustard gas, and asphyxiation such as phosgene. And chemical toxic substances including blood agents such as cyanogen chloride and antiemetics such as Adamsite. Many of the contaminated substances contaminated with these toxic substances are inactivated or detoxified by various oxidizing agents and decontaminated (for example, see Patent Documents 1 to 3).
特許文献１には、有毒物質に汚染された野外設備に、酸化剤溶液を液体又は発泡体の状態で噴霧し、一定時間経過後に水洗する除染方法が記載されている。 Patent Document 1 describes a decontamination method in which an oxidant solution is sprayed in a liquid or foamed state on a field facility contaminated with a toxic substance and washed with water after a predetermined time has elapsed.
特許文献２には、オゾンと過酸化水素とを含む活性水をダイオキシン含有ガス（焼却炉の排ガス等）に散布する除染方法が記載されている。また、特許文献２には、過酸化水素／オゾンの使用量比が０．１〜２程度であること、前記活性水には強力な酸化力を有するＯＨラジカルが含まれていること、短寿命のＯＨラジカルを効果的にダイオキシン類の酸化分解に活用することによりオゾン及び過酸化水素の使用量を低減することができること等が記載されている。 Patent Document 2 describes a decontamination method in which active water containing ozone and hydrogen peroxide is sprayed on a dioxin-containing gas (eg, exhaust gas from an incinerator). Patent Document 2 discloses that the usage ratio of hydrogen peroxide / ozone is about 0.1 to 2, the active water contains OH radicals having a strong oxidizing power, and has a short life. It is described that the usage amount of ozone and hydrogen peroxide can be reduced by effectively utilizing the OH radicals in the oxidative decomposition of dioxins.
特許文献３には、生物学的に活性な物質（有毒物質）の残渣を不活性化する方法であって、蒸気相にある強力な酸化剤（例えば、過酸化水素等のペルオキシ化合物を含むもの）で酸化する工程と、アルカリガス（例えば、アンモニア）を前記蒸気相の酸化剤に添加してｐｈを調整する工程と、を有する除染方法が記載されている。また、前記蒸気相には、オゾン、アルケン、アルデヒド、ハロゲン等の増強剤が添加されてもよいことが記載されている。 Patent Document 3 discloses a method for inactivating a residue of a biologically active substance (toxic substance), which includes a strong oxidizing agent in a vapor phase (for example, a substance containing a peroxy compound such as hydrogen peroxide). ) And a step of adjusting the ph by adding an alkali gas (for example, ammonia) to the vapor phase oxidant is described. In addition, it is described that an enhancer such as ozone, alkene, aldehyde, or halogen may be added to the vapor phase.
また、特許文献３には、液体酸化剤供給器、蒸発器、密閉箱、ドライヤ、ポンプ、他の化学物質の供給源等を備えた除染装置が開示されている。ポンプは、蒸発器と密閉箱との間で蒸気を循環させる機能を有し、ドライヤは循環される蒸気を乾燥する機能を有している。 Further, Patent Document 3 discloses a decontamination apparatus including a liquid oxidant supplier, an evaporator, a sealed box, a dryer, a pump, a supply source of other chemical substances, and the like. The pump has a function of circulating the steam between the evaporator and the sealed box, and the dryer has a function of drying the circulating steam.
しかしながら、特許文献１に記載された除染方法は被汚染物が野外設備であり、特許文献２に記載された除染方法は被汚染物が排ガスであり、他の被汚染物（例えば、衣服、装備品、電子機器等）には適用し難いという問題があった。特に、被汚染物が水に弱い電子機器等の場合には、特許文献１や特許文献２に記載したような液体の酸化剤を使用した除染方法は使用することができない。 However, in the decontamination method described in Patent Document 1, the contaminated material is an outdoor facility, and in the decontamination method described in Patent Document 2, the contaminated material is exhaust gas, and other contaminated materials (for example, clothes , Equipment, electronic devices, etc.). In particular, in the case of an electronic device or the like in which an object to be contaminated is weak to water, a decontamination method using a liquid oxidizing agent as described in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 cannot be used.
また、特許文献３に記載された除染装置では、ドライヤが配置されており、装置が大型化し易いという問題がある。特に、酸化剤の濃度が高い場合（例えば、１０００〜２０００ｐｐｍ以上）の場合には、蒸気中の過酸化水素がすぐに飽和し易いことから、ドライヤ、乾燥機、除湿機等の蒸気の湿度を低減できる装置が必須となる。 Moreover, in the decontamination apparatus described in patent document 3, there exists a problem that the dryer is arrange | positioned and an apparatus tends to enlarge. In particular, when the concentration of the oxidizing agent is high (for example, 1000 to 2000 ppm or more), the hydrogen peroxide in the steam is likely to be saturated immediately, so the humidity of the steam from a dryer, dryer, dehumidifier, etc. Equipment that can be reduced is essential.
また、特許文献１〜３に記載された除染方法において、一般に酸化剤の濃度が高く、被汚染物や除染装置（特に、除染室）に金属部品が含まれる場合には、錆び等の損傷を与え易いという問題もあった。かかる錆びは、機器を劣化させるだけでなく、機能不全に至らしめる場合もあった。 In addition, in the decontamination methods described in Patent Documents 1 to 3, rusting or the like is generally caused when the concentration of the oxidizing agent is high and the contaminated object or the decontamination apparatus (particularly the decontamination chamber) contains metal parts. There was also a problem of being easily damaged. Such rust not only deteriorates the equipment but also sometimes causes malfunction.
本発明は、上述した問題点に鑑み創案されたものであり、被汚染物や除染装置に損傷を与え難く、装置の小型化を図ることができる有毒物質の除染装置を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, to provide a removal SomeSo location of toxic substances that can hardly damage the contaminated material and decontamination apparatus, downsizing of the apparatus With the goal.
本発明によれば、有毒物質に汚染された被汚染物を反応性の酸化剤雰囲気で除染する有毒物質の除染装置であって、前記被汚染物を収容する除染室と、酸化剤を蒸発させて前記除染室に酸化剤を蒸気雰囲気で供給する酸化剤供給装置と、前記除染室に酸化力を向上させる添加剤を供給する添加剤供給装置と、前記除染室内の蒸気を循環ラインを通して前記酸化剤供給装置に循環させる循環装置と、前記除染室内を排気する排気装置と、を有し、前記循環装置により除染処理中に前記除染室内の蒸気を前記循環ラインで除湿することなく循環させながら、前記酸化剤供給装置により前記除染室内における酸化剤の平均濃度が一定となるように前記酸化剤を所定のタイミングで間欠的に蒸発させて所定濃度の酸化剤蒸気を供給する、ことを特徴とする有毒物質の除染装置が提供される。 According to the present invention, there is provided a detoxifying device for decontaminating contaminated substances contaminated with toxic substances in a reactive oxidizing agent atmosphere, the decontamination chamber for containing the contaminated substances, and an oxidizing agent. An oxidant supply device that evaporates the decontamination chamber and supplies an oxidant to the decontamination chamber in a steam atmosphere, an additive supply device that supplies the decontamination chamber with an additive that improves oxidizing power, and a vapor in the decontamination chamber A circulation device that circulates the oxidant through the circulation line to the oxidant supply device, and an exhaust device that exhausts the decontamination chamber, and the circulation line causes the vapor in the decontamination chamber to flow during the decontamination process by the circulation device. The oxidant is intermittently evaporated at a predetermined timing so that the average concentration of the oxidant in the decontamination chamber is constant by the oxidant supply device while being circulated without being dehumidified at a predetermined time. supplying steam, and characterized in that Decontamination apparatus of toxic substances is provided that.
上述した本発明に係る有毒物質の除染装置において、例えば、前記酸化剤は過酸化水素であり、前記添加剤はオゾンである。 Oite the removal SomeSo location of toxic substances according to the present invention described above, for example, the oxidant is hydrogen peroxide, the additive is ozone.
また、前記過酸化水素は、例えば、１０００ｍｇ／リットル未満の濃度である。また、前記過酸化水素と前記オゾンとの混合比は、例えば、４：１〜７：１の範囲内に調整される。 The hydrogen peroxide has a concentration of less than 1000 mg / liter, for example. Moreover, the mixing ratio of the hydrogen peroxide and the ozone is adjusted within a range of, for example, 4: 1 to 7: 1.
上述した本発明に係る有毒物質の除染装置において、前記除染室は、室内の温度を調節する空調装置を有していてもよい。また、前記循環装置及び前記排気装置は、前記酸化剤及び前記添加剤を除去するフィルタを有していてもよい。 In the toxic substance decontamination apparatus according to the present invention described above, the decontamination chamber may include an air conditioner that adjusts the temperature in the room. The circulation device and the exhaust device may include a filter that removes the oxidant and the additive.
上述した本発明に係る有毒物質の除染装置によれば、酸化剤と添加剤とを混合させることにより、ラジカルを発生させて酸化力を向上させることができる。また、除染室の蒸気を循環させつつ酸化剤を間欠的に供給することにより、低濃度の酸化剤であっても、除染に必要な酸化剤の濃度を略一定に維持することができる。したがって、低濃度の酸化剤を使用したことにより、被汚染物や除染装置に金属部品が含まれる場合であっても、錆び等の損傷を抑制することができる。 According to dividing SomeSo location of toxic substances according to the present invention described above, by mixing the additive and the oxidizer, it is possible to improve the oxidizing power by generating a radical. Further, by intermittently supplying the oxidizing agent while circulating the vapor in the decontamination chamber, the concentration of the oxidizing agent necessary for decontamination can be maintained substantially constant even with a low concentration oxidizing agent. . Therefore, by using a low-concentration oxidizing agent, it is possible to suppress damage such as rust even when a metal part is included in an object to be contaminated or a decontamination apparatus.
さらに、低濃度の酸化剤を使用しつつ酸化力を向上させたことにより、酸化剤を含む蒸気が飽和に達し難くいため、ドライヤ、乾燥機、除湿機等の蒸気の湿度を低減する大型の装置が不要となり、装置の小型化を図ることができる。 Furthermore, since the oxidizing power is improved while using a low-concentration oxidizing agent, it is difficult for the steam containing the oxidizing agent to reach saturation, so a large-scale device that reduces the humidity of the steam of a dryer, dryer, dehumidifier, etc. Is unnecessary, and the apparatus can be downsized.
以下、本発明の実施形態について図１乃至図４を用いて説明する。ここで、図１は、本発明の第一実施形態に係る有毒物質の除染装置の概略構成図である。また、図２は、過酸化水素とオゾンとの混合ガスの除染性能を示す図であり、（ａ）はＣＥＰＳに対する除染性能、（ｂ）はマラチオンに対する除染性能、を示している。また、図３は、除染室内の過酸化水素蒸気の濃度の推移を示す図であり、（ａ）は過酸化水素蒸気を一回だけ供給した場合、（ｂ）は過酸化水素蒸気を間欠的に供給した場合、を示している。また、図４は、過酸化水素の蒸気線図である。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4. Here, FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a decontamination apparatus for toxic substances according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Moreover, FIG. 2 is a figure which shows the decontamination performance of the mixed gas of hydrogen peroxide and ozone, (a) has shown the decontamination performance with respect to CEPS, (b) has shown the decontamination performance with respect to malathion. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the transition of the concentration of hydrogen peroxide vapor in the decontamination chamber. (A) shows a case where hydrogen peroxide vapor is supplied only once, and (b) shows intermittent hydrogen peroxide vapor. In the case of supplying automatically. FIG. 4 is a vapor diagram of hydrogen peroxide.
本発明の第一実施形態に係る有毒物質の除染装置１は、図１に示したように、有毒物質に汚染された被汚染物２を反応性の酸化剤雰囲気で除染する有毒物質の除染装置であって、被汚染物２を収容する除染室３と、除染室３に酸化剤を蒸気雰囲気で供給する酸化剤供給装置４と、除染室３に酸化力を向上させる添加剤を供給する添加剤供給装置５と、除染室３内の蒸気を酸化剤供給装置４に循環させる循環装置６と、除染室３内を排気する排気装置７と、を有し、循環装置６は、除染処理中に蒸気を循環させ、酸化剤供給装置４は、除染室３内における酸化剤の平均濃度が一定となるように間欠的に酸化剤を供給するように構成されている。 The toxic substance decontamination apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, is a toxic substance that decontaminates a contaminated object 2 contaminated with a toxic substance in a reactive oxidizing agent atmosphere. It is a decontamination device, which includes a decontamination chamber 3 that accommodates the object 2 to be contaminated, an oxidant supply device 4 that supplies an oxidant to the decontamination chamber 3 in a steam atmosphere, and an improvement in the oxidizing power of the decontamination chamber 3 An additive supply device 5 for supplying the additive, a circulation device 6 for circulating the vapor in the decontamination chamber 3 to the oxidant supply device 4, and an exhaust device 7 for exhausting the inside of the decontamination chamber 3, The circulation device 6 circulates steam during the decontamination process, and the oxidant supply device 4 is configured to intermittently supply the oxidant so that the average concentration of the oxidant in the decontamination chamber 3 is constant. Has been.
前記被汚染物２は、有毒物質が付着した物体であり、除染を必要とする物体である。例えば、衣服、装備品、電子機器、自動車、航空機等の物体又はその一部である。また、有毒物質とは、バクテリア、毒素、ウイルス等の生物系有毒物質や、神経作用剤、びらん剤、窒息剤、血液作用剤、嘔吐剤等の化学系有毒物質を意味する。本実施形態では、特に、錆びや液体に弱い電子機器等の被汚染物２であっても除染可能である。 The contaminated object 2 is an object to which a toxic substance is attached and is an object that requires decontamination. For example, it is an object such as clothes, equipment, an electronic device, an automobile, an aircraft, or a part thereof. The toxic substances mean biological toxic substances such as bacteria, toxins, and viruses, and chemical toxic substances such as nerve agents, erosants, asphyxants, blood agents, and vomiting agents. In the present embodiment, it is possible to decontaminate even the contaminated object 2 such as an electronic device that is particularly vulnerable to rust and liquid.
前記除染室３は、一定の空間を区画可能な容器又は部屋である。また、除染処理に使用する酸化剤や添加剤が、大気に放出可能な濃度の基準が定められている物質である場合には、除染室３は密閉可能に構成される。かかる除染室３は、自動車等の乗物により運搬可能であってもよいし、クリーンルーム内に設置されていてもよいし、野外で組立可能であってもよい。また、除染室３が広い空間を有する場合には、内部に拡散ファンを配置するようにしてもよい。 The decontamination chamber 3 is a container or room that can partition a certain space. In addition, when the oxidizing agent or additive used for the decontamination process is a substance for which the standard of the concentration that can be released to the atmosphere is determined, the decontamination chamber 3 is configured to be hermetically sealed. The decontamination chamber 3 may be transportable by a vehicle such as an automobile, may be installed in a clean room, or may be assembled outdoors. In addition, when the decontamination chamber 3 has a wide space, a diffusion fan may be disposed inside.
前記酸化剤供給装置４は、除染室３に酸化剤を蒸気雰囲気で供給する装置である。例えば、酸化剤が過酸化水素の場合には、酸化剤供給装置４内に３５％過酸化水素水を供給し、酸化剤供給装置４内のヒータにより加熱して過酸化水素水を蒸発させ、所定の濃度になった過酸化水素蒸気を除染室３に供給する。また、酸化剤供給ライン４１には、制御弁４２が配置されており、制御弁４２の開閉によって、過酸化水素蒸気（酸化剤）の供給及び停止をコントロールできるようになっている。また、酸化剤供給ライン４１に、酸化剤蒸気を送気するためのファンやポンプを配置するようにしてもよい。なお、酸化剤供給装置４に供給される過酸化水素水は３５％濃度のものに限定されるものではなく、例えば、２０〜５０％濃度の範囲内で適宜選択することができる。 The oxidant supply device 4 is a device that supplies an oxidant to the decontamination chamber 3 in a steam atmosphere. For example, when the oxidant is hydrogen peroxide, 35% hydrogen peroxide solution is supplied into the oxidant supply device 4 and heated by a heater in the oxidant supply device 4 to evaporate the hydrogen peroxide solution. Hydrogen peroxide vapor having a predetermined concentration is supplied to the decontamination chamber 3. In addition, a control valve 42 is disposed in the oxidant supply line 41, and the supply and stop of hydrogen peroxide vapor (oxidant) can be controlled by opening and closing the control valve 42. Further, a fan or a pump for supplying oxidant vapor may be arranged in the oxidant supply line 41. The hydrogen peroxide solution supplied to the oxidant supply device 4 is not limited to a 35% concentration, and can be appropriately selected within a range of 20 to 50% concentration, for example.
前記添加剤供給装置５は、除染室３に酸化力を向上させる添加剤を供給する装置である。添加剤には、例えば、オゾンガスが使用されるが、アルカリ、アルケン、アルデヒド、ハロゲン等の他の物質であってもよい。また、添加剤供給装置５は、添加剤供給ライン５１を介して除染室３に接続されており、添加剤供給ライン５１に配置された制御弁５２により供給量がコントロールされる。なお、添加剤がオゾンガスの場合には、添加剤供給装置５はオゾン発生装置である。オゾンガス発生装置は、無声放電空間に酸素ガスを流すことによって酸素の一部をイオン化し、通常の酸素と結合させて、オゾンガスを生成し、除染室３に供給する。 The additive supply device 5 is a device that supplies an additive for improving the oxidizing power to the decontamination chamber 3. For example, ozone gas is used as the additive, but other substances such as alkali, alkene, aldehyde, and halogen may be used. The additive supply device 5 is connected to the decontamination chamber 3 via the additive supply line 51, and the supply amount is controlled by a control valve 52 disposed in the additive supply line 51. When the additive is ozone gas, the additive supply device 5 is an ozone generator. The ozone gas generator ionizes a part of oxygen by flowing oxygen gas through the silent discharge space, combines it with normal oxygen, generates ozone gas, and supplies it to the decontamination chamber 3.
ここで、酸化剤である過酸化水素に添加剤であるオゾンを混合させた混合ガスの除染性能について、図２を参照しつつ説明する。ここで、図２（ａ）は、マスタードガスの擬剤であるＣＥＰＳに対する試験結果を示し、図２（ｂ）は、ＶＸガスの擬剤であるマラチオンに対する試験結果を示している。なお、「擬剤」とは、「対象としている有毒物質と性質が一部類似した微生物や物質で、人体や環境に影響を与えないもの」を意味する。 Here, the decontamination performance of the mixed gas obtained by mixing the oxidizing agent hydrogen peroxide with the oxidizing agent ozone will be described with reference to FIG. Here, FIG. 2A shows a test result for CEPS which is a mustard gas mimetic, and FIG. 2B shows a test result for malathion which is a VX gas mimetic. The “mimetic” means “microorganisms or substances that are partially similar in nature to the target toxic substance and do not affect the human body or the environment”.
図２（ａ）は、初期濃度１０［ｇ／ｍ２］のＣＥＰＳを処理温度２０℃で、Ａ：１０００［ｐｐｍ］の過酸化水素単独で除染した場合、Ｂ：４００［ｐｐｍ］の過酸化水素単独で除染した場合、Ｃ：４００［ｐｐｍ］の過酸化水素蒸気と１００［ｐｐｍ］のオゾンガスとの混合ガスで除染した場合、におけるＣＥＰＳの濃度変化を図示したものである。横軸は時間［分］、縦軸はＣＥＰＳの残留濃度［ｇ／ｍ２］を示している。なお、Ａの試験結果を破線、Ｂの試験結果を一点鎖線、Ｃの試験結果を実線、で図示している。 FIG. 2A shows that when CEPS having an initial concentration of 10 [g / m 2 ] is decontaminated with hydrogen peroxide of A: 1000 [ppm] at a processing temperature of 20 ° C., excess of B: 400 [ppm] is obtained. When decontamination is carried out with hydrogen oxide alone, CEPS concentration change in the case of decontamination with a mixed gas of C: 400 [ppm] hydrogen peroxide vapor and 100 [ppm] ozone gas is shown. The horizontal axis represents time [minutes], and the vertical axis represents CEPS residual concentration [g / m 2 ]. The test result of A is indicated by a broken line, the test result of B is indicated by a one-dot chain line, and the test result of C is indicated by a solid line.
酸化剤である過酸化水素単独でＣＥＰＳを除染した場合には、低濃度である４００［ｐｐｍ］ではほとんど除染効果が期待できないが、高濃度である１０００［ｐｐｍ］では一定の除染効果が認められる。また、過酸化水素とオゾンガスとの混合ガスでＣＥＰＳを除染した場合には、過酸化水素が４００［ｐｐｍ］と低濃度であるにも関わらず、高濃度の過酸化水素単独で除染した場合よりも高い除染効果が得られた。これは、酸化剤に所定の添加剤を加えることにより、ＯＨラジカル等の強い酸化力を有するラジカルが発生することに起因するものと考えられる。 When CEPS is decontaminated with hydrogen peroxide as an oxidizing agent alone, a decontamination effect can hardly be expected at a low concentration of 400 [ppm], but a constant decontamination effect at a high concentration of 1000 [ppm]. Is recognized. In addition, when CEPS was decontaminated with a mixed gas of hydrogen peroxide and ozone gas, it was decontaminated with a high concentration of hydrogen peroxide alone, even though the concentration of hydrogen peroxide was as low as 400 ppm. A higher decontamination effect was obtained. This is considered to result from the generation of radicals having strong oxidizing power such as OH radicals by adding a predetermined additive to the oxidizing agent.
図２（ｂ）は、初期濃度１０［ｇ／ｍ２］のマラチオンを処理温度４０℃で、Ｄ：２０００［ｐｐｍ］の過酸化水素単独で除染した場合、Ｅ：７００［ｐｐｍ］の過酸化水素単独で除染した場合、Ｆ：７００［ｐｐｍ］の過酸化水素蒸気と１００［ｐｐｍ］のオゾンガスとの混合ガスで除染した場合、におけるマラチオンの濃度変化を図示したものである。横軸は時間［分］、縦軸はマラチオンの残留濃度［ｇ／ｍ２］を示している。なお、Ｄの試験結果を破線、Ｅの試験結果を一点鎖線、Ｆの試験結果を実線、で図示している。 FIG. 2B shows that when malathion having an initial concentration of 10 [g / m 2 ] is decontaminated with hydrogen peroxide of D: 2000 [ppm] at a treatment temperature of 40 ° C., an excess of E: 700 [ppm] is obtained. When decontamination with hydrogen oxide alone, the concentration change of malathion in the case of decontamination with a mixed gas of F: 700 [ppm] hydrogen peroxide vapor and 100 [ppm] ozone gas is illustrated. The horizontal axis represents time [min], and the vertical axis represents the residual concentration of malathion [g / m 2 ]. In addition, the test result of D is shown by a broken line, the test result of E is shown by a one-dot chain line, and the test result of F is shown by a solid line.
酸化剤である過酸化水素単独でマラチオンを除染した場合には、低濃度である７００［ｐｐｍ］ではほとんど除染効果が期待できないが、高濃度である２０００［ｐｐｍ］では多少の除染効果が認められる。また、過酸化水素とオゾンガスとの混合ガスでマラチオンを除染した場合には、過酸化水素が７００［ｐｐｍ］と低濃度であるにも関わらず、高濃度の過酸化水素単独で除染した場合よりも非常に高い除染効果が得られた。これは、酸化剤に所定の添加剤を加えることにより、ＯＨラジカル等の強い酸化力を有するラジカルが発生することに起因するものと考えられる。 When malathion is decontaminated with hydrogen peroxide alone as an oxidizing agent, a decontamination effect can hardly be expected at a low concentration of 700 [ppm], but a slight decontamination effect at a high concentration of 2000 [ppm]. Is recognized. In addition, when malathion was decontaminated with a mixed gas of hydrogen peroxide and ozone gas, it was decontaminated with a high concentration of hydrogen peroxide alone, even though the concentration of hydrogen peroxide was as low as 700 ppm. A much higher decontamination effect was obtained than in the case. This is considered to result from the generation of radicals having strong oxidizing power such as OH radicals by adding a predetermined additive to the oxidizing agent.
したがって、酸化剤にラジカルを発生し得る添加剤を混合させることにより、低濃度の酸化剤であっても、優れた除染性能を有することが容易に理解できる。例えば、酸化剤が過酸化水素の場合には、添加剤としてオゾンガスを混合させることが好ましい。また、酸化剤が過酸化水素の場合には、低濃度とは１０００［ｐｐｍ］未満、言い換えれば、１０００［ｍｇ／リットル］未満を意味する。なお、低濃度の下限については、被汚染物２に付着した除染対象物によって異なるため、一義的に決定することはできないが、概ね２００［ｐｐｍ］未満又は２００［ｍｇ／リットル］未満の低濃度では、十分な除染効果が期待できないと考えられる。 Therefore, by mixing an additive capable of generating radicals in the oxidizing agent, it can be easily understood that even if the oxidizing agent has a low concentration, it has excellent decontamination performance. For example, when the oxidizing agent is hydrogen peroxide, it is preferable to mix ozone gas as an additive. When the oxidizing agent is hydrogen peroxide, the low concentration means less than 1000 [ppm], in other words, less than 1000 [mg / liter]. Note that the lower limit of the low concentration differs depending on the decontamination target attached to the contaminated object 2 and therefore cannot be determined uniquely, but is generally less than 200 [ppm] or less than 200 [mg / liter]. It is considered that a sufficient decontamination effect cannot be expected at the concentration.
また、酸化剤と添加剤との混合比は、除染対象物、酸化剤及び添加剤の種類によって、それぞれ調整されるものである。例えば、除染対象物が一般的な物質（例えば、マスタードガス又はその擬剤や、ＶＸガス又はその擬剤等）であって、酸化剤が過酸化水素、添加剤がオゾンの場合には、少なくとも、上述の試験結果から、過酸化水素とオゾンとの混合比は、過酸化水素：オゾン＝４：１、又は、過酸化水素：オゾン＝７：１であれば、高濃度の過酸化水素単独の場合よりも除染性能に優れていることが容易に理解できる。したがって、過酸化水素とオゾンとの混合比は、例えば、４：１〜７：１の範囲内に調整することが好ましい。 Further, the mixing ratio of the oxidizing agent and the additive is adjusted according to the type of the decontamination object, the oxidizing agent, and the additive. For example, when the object to be decontaminated is a general substance (for example, mustard gas or its mimetic agent, VX gas or its mimetic agent), the oxidizing agent is hydrogen peroxide, and the additive is ozone, At least from the above test results, if the mixing ratio of hydrogen peroxide to ozone is hydrogen peroxide: ozone = 4: 1 or hydrogen peroxide: ozone = 7: 1, high concentration hydrogen peroxide It can be easily understood that the decontamination performance is superior to that of a single case. Therefore, it is preferable to adjust the mixing ratio of hydrogen peroxide and ozone within a range of, for example, 4: 1 to 7: 1.
前記循環装置６は、除染室３内の蒸気（雰囲気ガス）を酸化剤供給装置４に循環させる装置である。具体的には、循環装置６は、例えば、循環ライン６１と、制御弁６２と、循環ポンプ６３と、フィルタ６４と、を有する。循環ライン６１は、除染室３と酸化剤供給装置４とを連通するラインである。かかる循環ライン６１には、除染室３側から順に、制御弁６２、循環ポンプ６３、フィルタ６４が配置されている。制御弁６２は、循環ライン６１の開閉をコントロールする部品である。循環ポンプ６３は、除染室３内の雰囲気ガスを吸気し、酸化剤供給装置４に送気する部品である。かかる循環ポンプ６３は、循環ファンであってもよい。 The circulation device 6 is a device that circulates steam (atmosphere gas) in the decontamination chamber 3 to the oxidant supply device 4. Specifically, the circulation device 6 includes, for example, a circulation line 61, a control valve 62, a circulation pump 63, and a filter 64. The circulation line 61 is a line that connects the decontamination chamber 3 and the oxidant supply device 4. In the circulation line 61, a control valve 62, a circulation pump 63, and a filter 64 are arranged in this order from the decontamination chamber 3 side. The control valve 62 is a component that controls opening and closing of the circulation line 61. The circulation pump 63 is a component that sucks the atmospheric gas in the decontamination chamber 3 and sends it to the oxidant supply device 4. The circulation pump 63 may be a circulation fan.
また、除染室３内の雰囲気ガスには、過酸化水素等の酸化剤、オゾン等の添加剤、除染により発生した不活性化又は無害化されたガス、蒸気等が含まれる。これらの成分のうち、酸化剤及び添加剤については、混合ガスの濃度を安定させるために、除去して循環させた方が好ましい。そこで、酸化剤供給装置４の上流側にフィルタ６４が配置される。 The atmospheric gas in the decontamination chamber 3 includes an oxidizing agent such as hydrogen peroxide, an additive such as ozone, an inactivated or detoxified gas generated by decontamination, steam, and the like. Among these components, the oxidizing agent and the additive are preferably removed and circulated in order to stabilize the concentration of the mixed gas. Therefore, a filter 64 is disposed on the upstream side of the oxidant supply device 4.
フィルタ６４には、酸化剤を分解する触媒６４ａと、添加剤を分解する触媒６４ｂとが、例えば、直列に配置される。酸化剤が過酸化水素の場合には、触媒６４ａは、例えば、白金属元素、鉄、銅、コバルト等の金属又は二酸化マンガンであり、過酸化水素を水と酸素とに分解する。また、添加剤がオゾンの場合には、触媒６４ｂは、例えば、マンガン、ニッケル、コバルト、鉄、銅等の金属若しくはそれらの金属酸化物又は活性炭であり、オゾンを酸素分子に分解する。なお、フィルタ６４は、酸化剤供給装置４内に配置されていてもよい。 In the filter 64, for example, a catalyst 64a that decomposes the oxidizing agent and a catalyst 64b that decomposes the additive are arranged in series. When the oxidizing agent is hydrogen peroxide, the catalyst 64a is, for example, a metal such as a white metal element, iron, copper, cobalt, or manganese dioxide, and decomposes the hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. In addition, when the additive is ozone, the catalyst 64b is, for example, a metal such as manganese, nickel, cobalt, iron, copper, or a metal oxide thereof, or activated carbon, and decomposes ozone into oxygen molecules. The filter 64 may be disposed in the oxidant supply device 4.
前記排気装置７は、除染処理終了後の除染室３内の雰囲気ガスを外部に排気する装置である。具体的には、排気ライン７１と、排気ファン７２と、制御弁７３と、フィルタ７４と、を有する。排気ライン７１は、除染室３と外部とを連通するラインである。かかる排気ライン７１には、除染室３側から順に、排気ファン７２、制御弁７３、フィルタ７４が配置されている。排気ファン７２は、除染室３内の雰囲気ガスを吸気し、外部に送気する部品である。かかる排気ファン７２は、排気ポンプであってもよい。制御弁７３は、排気ライン７１の開閉をコントロールする部品である。かかる制御弁７３は、除染処理中は閉鎖されており、除染処理終了後に開放される。 The exhaust device 7 is a device that exhausts the atmospheric gas in the decontamination chamber 3 after the decontamination process to the outside. Specifically, it has an exhaust line 71, an exhaust fan 72, a control valve 73, and a filter 74. The exhaust line 71 is a line that communicates the decontamination chamber 3 with the outside. In the exhaust line 71, an exhaust fan 72, a control valve 73, and a filter 74 are arranged in this order from the decontamination chamber 3 side. The exhaust fan 72 is a component that sucks the atmospheric gas in the decontamination chamber 3 and sends it to the outside. The exhaust fan 72 may be an exhaust pump. The control valve 73 is a component that controls opening and closing of the exhaust line 71. The control valve 73 is closed during the decontamination process and is opened after the decontamination process is completed.
また、除染室３内の雰囲気ガスには、過酸化水素等の酸化剤、オゾン等の添加剤、除染により発生した不活性化又は無害化されたガス、蒸気等が含まれる。これらの成分のうち、酸化剤及び添加剤については、外部（大気）に放出可能な濃度の基準が定められている場合がある。そこで、排気ライン７１には、酸化剤及び添加剤を除去するフィルタ７４が配置される。フィルタ７４には、循環装置６のフィルタ６４を構成する触媒６４ａ，６４ｂと同じ触媒７４ａ，７４ｂを使用することができる。なお、濃度を監視する観点から、フィルタ６４の少なくとも下流側に濃度計（図示せず）を配置することが好ましい。 The atmospheric gas in the decontamination chamber 3 includes an oxidizing agent such as hydrogen peroxide, an additive such as ozone, an inactivated or detoxified gas generated by decontamination, steam, and the like. Among these components, for oxidizers and additives, there are cases where standards for concentrations that can be released to the outside (atmosphere) are defined. Therefore, the exhaust line 71 is provided with a filter 74 that removes the oxidizing agent and the additive. As the filter 74, the same catalysts 74a and 74b as the catalysts 64a and 64b constituting the filter 64 of the circulation device 6 can be used. From the viewpoint of monitoring the concentration, it is preferable to arrange a concentration meter (not shown) at least on the downstream side of the filter 64.
次に、上述した有毒物質の除染装置１の作用、すなわち、本発明に係る有毒物質の除染方法について、図１、図３及び図４を参照しつつ説明する。 Next, the operation of the above-described toxic substance decontamination apparatus 1, that is, the toxic substance decontamination method according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1, 3, and 4.
本発明に係る有毒物質の除染方法は、有毒物質に汚染された被汚染物２を反応性の酸化剤雰囲気で除染する有毒物質の除染方法であって、被汚染物２を除染室３に収容し、除染室３に蒸気を除湿することなく循環させながら酸化剤を間欠的に平均濃度が一定となるように供給し、除染室３に酸化力を向上させる添加剤を供給し、除染室３内の被汚染物２を添加剤を含む酸化剤の蒸気雰囲気で除染するものである。 The toxic substance decontamination method according to the present invention is a toxic substance decontamination method for decontaminating a contaminated substance 2 contaminated with a toxic substance in a reactive oxidizing agent atmosphere. An additive for improving the oxidizing power is supplied to the decontamination chamber 3 by supplying it to the decontamination chamber 3 so that the average concentration becomes constant while circulating the steam without dehumidifying the decontamination chamber 3. It supplies and decontaminates to-be-contaminated thing 2 in the decontamination chamber 3 in the vapor | steam atmosphere of the oxidizing agent containing an additive.
かかる除染方法では、酸化剤と酸化力を向上させる添加剤（例えば、ラジカルを発生し得る添加剤）との混合ガスにより被汚染物２を除染していることから、上述したように、低濃度の酸化剤であっても、所定の混合比で添加剤を添加することにより、高濃度の酸化剤と同等又はそれ以上の除染性能を発揮し得る。 In such a decontamination method, the contaminated object 2 is decontaminated with a mixed gas of an oxidizing agent and an additive that improves oxidizing power (for example, an additive capable of generating radicals). Even if it is a low concentration oxidizing agent, the decontamination performance equivalent to or higher than a high concentration oxidizing agent can be exhibited by adding an additive with a predetermined mixing ratio.
ところで、上述した有毒物質の除染装置１において、除染室３内に酸化剤である過酸化水素蒸気を一回だけ供給した場合には、図３（ａ）に示したように、過酸化水素蒸気の濃度は、ある時間でピークを形成するものの徐々に濃度は低下し、除染性能も低下してしまう。そこで、本発明においては、酸化剤である過酸化水素蒸気を間欠的に平均濃度が一定となるように供給している。ここでは、４回のタイミングに分けて過酸化水素蒸気を供給している。 By the way, in the toxic substance decontamination apparatus 1 described above, when hydrogen peroxide vapor as an oxidizing agent is supplied only once into the decontamination chamber 3, as shown in FIG. Although the concentration of hydrogen vapor forms a peak at a certain time, the concentration gradually decreases and the decontamination performance also decreases. Therefore, in the present invention, hydrogen peroxide vapor, which is an oxidizing agent, is supplied intermittently so that the average concentration is constant. Here, the hydrogen peroxide vapor is supplied in four timings.
一般に、除染対象物の種類と分量が把握できれば、使用する酸化剤、必要な処理濃度及び処理時間を把握することができる。そこで、図３（ｂ）に示したように、平均濃度Ａｖ．を一定時間維持できるように間欠的に過酸化水素蒸気を供給する。具体的には、所定のタイミングで酸化剤供給装置４内に３５％過酸化水素水を供給（滴下）し、酸化剤供給装置４内のヒータにより加熱して過酸化水素水を蒸発させ、所定の濃度になった過酸化水素蒸気を除染室３に供給する。また、本発明では、蒸気を循環させながら酸化剤を除染室３に供給していることから、無駄なく長時間の運用が可能となる。なお、「平均濃度が一定となるように」とは、「除染に必要な処理濃度と処理時間との積と、図３（ｂ）において塗り潰した部分の面積（積分値）とが一致する状態」を意味する。 In general, if the type and amount of the decontamination object can be grasped, the oxidizing agent to be used, the necessary treatment concentration and the treatment time can be grasped. Therefore, as shown in FIG. The hydrogen peroxide vapor is supplied intermittently so that can be maintained for a certain time. Specifically, 35% hydrogen peroxide solution is supplied (dropped) into the oxidant supply device 4 at a predetermined timing, and heated by a heater in the oxidant supply device 4 to evaporate the hydrogen peroxide solution. Hydrogen peroxide vapor having a concentration of 1 is supplied to the decontamination chamber 3. In the present invention, since the oxidizing agent is supplied to the decontamination chamber 3 while circulating the steam, it is possible to operate for a long time without waste. Note that “so that the average concentration is constant” means that “the product of the treatment concentration necessary for the decontamination and the treatment time is equal to the area (integrated value) of the painted portion in FIG. 3B. Means "state".
また、上述したように、本発明では、酸化剤と所定の添加剤との混合ガスにより被汚染物２を除染していることから、低濃度の酸化剤で効果的に除染を行うことができる。ここで、図４の過酸化水素の蒸気線図に示したように、相対湿度が６０％である状態Ｑ１（温度２０℃）と状態Ｑ２（温度４０℃）とについて検討する。 In addition, as described above, in the present invention, since the contaminated object 2 is decontaminated with the mixed gas of the oxidizing agent and the predetermined additive, the decontamination can be effectively performed with a low concentration oxidizing agent. Can do. Here, as shown in the vapor diagram of hydrogen peroxide in FIG. 4, the state Q1 (temperature 20 ° C.) and the state Q2 (temperature 40 ° C.) where the relative humidity is 60% are examined.
状態Ｑ１，Ｑ２のように、過酸化水素蒸気の相対湿度（飽和蒸気圧に対する過酸化水素蒸気圧の分圧）が高い場合、すなわち、高濃度の過酸化水素蒸気の場合、飽和させずに投入できる過酸化水素蒸気量はＫ１，Ｋ２であり、わずかな投入量で飽和に達してしまうことが容易に理解できる。したがって、酸化剤として、高濃度の過酸化水素蒸気を使用した場合、反応して消失した過酸化水素を補充して高濃度に維持するためには、除湿して水分を除去しなければならない。具体的には、酸化剤の蒸気圧状態を、状態Ｑ１，Ｑ２から、例えば、相対湿度が５％である状態Ｑ３に移行させなければならない。 When the relative humidity of hydrogen peroxide vapor (partial pressure of hydrogen peroxide vapor pressure with respect to saturation vapor pressure) is high, as in states Q1 and Q2, that is, when hydrogen peroxide vapor is high in concentration, it is introduced without being saturated. The amount of hydrogen peroxide vapor that can be produced is K1 and K2, and it can be easily understood that saturation is reached with a small input amount. Therefore, when high-concentration hydrogen peroxide vapor is used as the oxidant, moisture must be removed by dehumidification in order to replenish the hydrogen peroxide that has disappeared by reaction and maintain it at a high concentration. Specifically, the vapor pressure state of the oxidant must be shifted from the states Q1 and Q2 to, for example, the state Q3 where the relative humidity is 5%.
このように、高濃度の酸化剤を使用した場合には、酸化剤を補充して長時間除染するためには、必ず除湿しなければ、すぐに飽和に達してしまい、安定した運用を行うことができない。一方、本発明のように、低濃度の酸化剤、すなわち、相対湿度の低い酸化剤蒸気を使用した場合には、飽和に達するまでに十分な投入できる過酸化水素蒸気量Ｋ３を確保できることから、繰返し酸化剤を補充しても除湿する必要がない。 In this way, when a high concentration oxidant is used, in order to replenish the oxidant and decontaminate for a long time, if it is not dehumidified, it will soon reach saturation and perform stable operation. I can't. On the other hand, when a low-concentration oxidant, that is, an oxidant vapor having a low relative humidity is used as in the present invention, a sufficient amount of hydrogen peroxide vapor K3 that can be charged until saturation is reached can be secured. There is no need to dehumidify even after replenishing the oxidizing agent.
例えば、従来の高濃度の酸化剤を用いた除染方法では、２０ｍ３の除染空間に対して、約６４リットル／時間の除湿能力が必要になる場合がある。この除湿能力は、産業用除湿機の約３倍、家庭用除湿機の約１６０倍であり、除湿機の大型化（例えば、容積：約４ｍ３）や重量化（例えば、重量：約９７０ｋｇ）を招くこととなる。また、消費電力も多くなり、コストも増加することとなる。さらに、除染空間として、航空機キャビン室を想定した場合、その体積は約３００ｍ３であり、約９４０リットル／時間の除湿能力が必要となり、さらに装置の大型化（例えば、容積：約６０ｍ３）や重量化（例えば、重量：約１４ｔ）を招くこととなる。 For example, in a conventional decontamination method using a high concentration oxidizing agent, a dehumidifying capacity of about 64 liters / hour may be required for a 20 m 3 decontamination space. This dehumidifying capacity is about 3 times that of an industrial dehumidifier and about 160 times that of a household dehumidifier, and the dehumidifier is increased in size (for example, volume: about 4 m 3 ) and weighted (for example, weight: about 970 kg). Will be invited. In addition, power consumption increases and costs also increase. Further, assuming an aircraft cabin room as a decontamination space, the volume is about 300 m 3 , and a dehumidifying capacity of about 940 liters / hour is required, and the apparatus is further enlarged (for example, volume: about 60 m 3 ). Or a weight increase (for example, weight: about 14 t).
しかしながら、上述した本発明の除染方法によれば、低濃度の酸化剤を使用しつつ酸化力を向上させたことにより、酸化剤を含む蒸気が飽和に達し難くいため、ドライヤ、乾燥機、除湿機等の蒸気の湿度を低減する大型の装置が不要となり、除染装置１の小型化や軽量化を図ることができる。また、上述した本発明の除染方法によれば、除染室３の蒸気を循環させつつ酸化剤を間欠的に供給することにより、低濃度の酸化剤であっても、除染に必要な酸化剤の平均濃度を略一定に維持することができる。したがって、低濃度の酸化剤を使用したことにより、被汚染物２や除染装置１に金属部品が含まれる場合であっても、錆び等の損傷を抑制することができる。 However, according to the decontamination method of the present invention described above, since the oxidizing power is improved while using a low-concentration oxidizing agent, it is difficult for the vapor containing the oxidizing agent to reach saturation. A large apparatus for reducing the humidity of steam such as a machine is not required, and the decontamination apparatus 1 can be reduced in size and weight. Further, according to the above-described decontamination method of the present invention, the oxidant is intermittently supplied while circulating the vapor in the decontamination chamber 3, so that even a low concentration oxidant is necessary for decontamination. The average concentration of the oxidizing agent can be maintained substantially constant. Therefore, by using a low-concentration oxidizing agent, damage such as rust can be suppressed even when the contaminated object 2 or the decontamination apparatus 1 includes metal parts.
なお、上述した有毒物質の除染装置１は、酸化剤供給装置４、添加剤供給装置５、循環装置６及び排気装置７の各機器（制御弁等の付属品も含む）は、図示しない制御装置によって、上述した除染方法を実行するように構成されていてもよい。 The toxic substance decontamination device 1 described above includes an oxidant supply device 4, an additive supply device 5, a circulation device 6, and an exhaust device 7 (including accessories such as a control valve) that are not shown in the drawing. Depending on the apparatus, the above-described decontamination method may be executed.
続いて、本発明の他の実施形態に係る有毒物質の除染装置１について説明する。ここで、図５は、本発明の他の実施形態に係る有毒物質の除染装置の概略構成図であり、（ａ）は第二実施形態、（ｂ）は第三実施形態、を示している。 Next, a detoxifying substance decontamination apparatus 1 according to another embodiment of the present invention will be described. Here, FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram of a toxic substance decontamination apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention, in which (a) shows a second embodiment and (b) shows a third embodiment. Yes.
図５（ａ）に示した第二実施形態は、除染室３に室内の温度を調節する空調装置８を配置したものである。かかる空調装置８は、いわゆるエアコンディショナーであり、除染室３内の温度を、２０〜６０℃の温度域内の一定温度、好ましくは常温又は室温程度に保持する。この温度域は、被汚染物２に損傷を与えず、且つ、過酸化水素とオゾンとの混合ガスが効果的に被汚染物２を除染できる温度域である。一般に、除染の処理温度は、高い方が除染性能に優れることが知られているが、具体的には、除染対象物、酸化剤及び添加剤の種類によって適宜調整される。なお、空調装置８は、温度調節機能の他に除湿機能を備えているものであってもよいが、本発明の除染方法では除湿機能を使用する必要はない。ただし、除染装置１の故障時等のように異常な高湿度になった場合や過酸化水素蒸気の蒸気線図に大きな影響を与えない程度で使用する場合には、空調装置８の除湿機能を使用してもよい。 In the second embodiment shown in FIG. 5A, an air conditioner 8 that adjusts the indoor temperature is arranged in the decontamination chamber 3. The air conditioner 8 is a so-called air conditioner, and keeps the temperature in the decontamination chamber 3 at a constant temperature within a temperature range of 20 to 60 ° C., preferably about room temperature or room temperature. This temperature range is a temperature range in which the contaminated object 2 is not damaged and a mixed gas of hydrogen peroxide and ozone can effectively decontaminate the contaminated object 2. In general, it is known that the higher the decontamination processing temperature, the better the decontamination performance, but specifically, it is appropriately adjusted depending on the type of the decontamination object, the oxidizing agent, and the additive. The air conditioner 8 may be provided with a dehumidifying function in addition to the temperature adjusting function, but it is not necessary to use the dehumidifying function in the decontamination method of the present invention. However, the dehumidifying function of the air conditioner 8 is used when the humidity becomes abnormally high, such as when the decontamination apparatus 1 fails, or when it is used to the extent that it does not significantly affect the vapor diagram of the hydrogen peroxide vapor. May be used.
図５（ｂ）に示した第三実施形態は、添加剤供給装置５の添加剤供給ライン５１を酸化剤供給装置４の酸化剤供給ライン４１に接続したものである。かかる位置に添加剤供給装置５を配置しても、第一実施形態と同様の効果を奏する。 In the third embodiment shown in FIG. 5B, the additive supply line 51 of the additive supply device 5 is connected to the oxidant supply line 41 of the oxidant supply device 4. Even if the additive supply device 5 is arranged at such a position, the same effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained.
上述した実施形態では、ＣＥＰＳ（マスタードガスの擬剤）及びマラチオン（ＶＸガスの擬剤）に対する除染性能について説明したが、本発明は、過酸化水素とオゾン等の添加剤との混合比、濃度、処理時間等を適宜調整することにより、ラジカルの発生量等を任意に調整することができ、上記以外の有毒物質（例えば、コレラ菌等のバクテリア、ボツリヌス毒素等の毒素、黄熱病等のウイルスを含む生物系有毒物質と、ＶＸガス以外の神経作用剤、マスタードガス以外のびらん剤、ホスゲン等の窒息剤、塩化シアン等の血液作用剤、アダムサイト等の嘔吐剤を含む化学系有毒物質）にも適用することができる。 In the above-described embodiment, the decontamination performance for CEPS (mustard gas mimetic) and malathion (VX gas mimetic) has been described, but the present invention is a mixture ratio of hydrogen peroxide and additives such as ozone, By appropriately adjusting the concentration, treatment time, etc., the amount of radicals, etc. can be adjusted arbitrarily. Toxic substances other than those mentioned above (for example, bacteria such as Vibrio cholerae, toxins such as botulinum toxin, yellow fever etc. Chemical toxic substances including biological toxic substances including viruses, nerve agents other than VX gas, erosions other than mustard gas, suffocating agents such as phosgene, blood agents such as cyan chloride, and antiemetics such as Adamsite ).
本発明は上述した実施形態に限定されず、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲で種々変更が可能であることは勿論である。 The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
１ 除染装置
２ 被汚染物
３ 除染室
４ 酸化剤供給装置
５ 添加剤供給装置
６ 循環装置
７ 排気装置
８ 空調装置
６４，７４ フィルタ
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Decontamination apparatus 2 Contaminated material 3 Decontamination chamber 4 Oxidant supply apparatus 5 Additive supply apparatus 6 Circulation apparatus 7 Exhaust apparatus 8 Air conditioner 64,74 Filter
Claims (6)
前記被汚染物を収容する除染室と、
酸化剤を蒸発させて前記除染室に酸化剤を蒸気雰囲気で供給する酸化剤供給装置と、
前記除染室に酸化力を向上させる添加剤を供給する添加剤供給装置と、
前記除染室内の蒸気を循環ラインを通して前記酸化剤供給装置に循環させる循環装置と、
前記除染室内を排気する排気装置と、を有し、
前記循環装置により除染処理中に前記除染室内の蒸気を前記循環ラインで除湿することなく循環させながら、
前記酸化剤供給装置により前記除染室内における酸化剤の平均濃度が一定となるように前記酸化剤を所定のタイミングで間欠的に蒸発させて所定濃度の酸化剤蒸気を供給する、
ことを特徴とする有毒物質の除染装置。 A toxic substance decontamination device for decontaminating contaminated substances in a reactive oxidant atmosphere,
A decontamination chamber containing the contaminated material;
An oxidant supply device that evaporates the oxidant and supplies the oxidant to the decontamination chamber in a vapor atmosphere;
An additive supply device for supplying an additive for improving the oxidizing power to the decontamination chamber;
A circulation device for circulating the vapor in the decontamination chamber to the oxidant supply device through a circulation line ;
An exhaust device for exhausting the decontamination chamber,
While circulating the steam in the decontamination chamber without dehumidification in the circulation line during the decontamination process by the circulation device,
The oxidant is intermittently evaporated at a predetermined timing to supply a predetermined concentration of oxidant vapor so that the average concentration of the oxidant in the decontamination chamber is constant by the oxidant supply device.
A detoxification device for toxic substances.
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